S6456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 10, 1995

How much stronger our country would be if

our leaders took to heart the prophetic

words that Eisenhower spoke in his 1961 farewell address to the American people:

Ike said, ‘‘As we peer into society’s future,

we must avoid the impulse to live only for

today, plundering for our own ease and convenience the precious resources of tomorrow.

We cannot mortgage the material assets of

our grandchildren without risking the loss

also of their political and spiritual heritage.

We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, and not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow.’’

As always, Eisenhower matched his words

with actions. There have been four balanced

federal budgets in the last half century. And

Ike gave us three of them. He knew that it

was easy to be popular. It is easy to say

‘‘yes’’ to every federal program. But he also

knew that more important than being popular for a moment is to provide leadership

that stands the test of time.

Along with trusting the American people,

Ike also trusted the values that built our

country, and that were instilled in him by

his parents in Abilene. Values like hard

work. Honesty. Personal responsibility.

Common sense. Compassion for those in

need. And, above all, love of family, God, and

country.

These are the values that built America,

and they are values that must never go out

of fashion, or be regarded as ‘‘politically incorrect,’’ by our government or by those in

our entertainment industry.

Along with trusting our citizens, and trusting our values, there’s one final lesson about

trust that Eisenhower’s life and career can

teach us. And that’s the fact that the world

must always be able to count on American

leadership.

And that’s a lesson I hope we especially remembered yesterday, the 50th anniversary of

VE Day. It was American leadership that

built the arsenal of democracy which made

that victory possible. It was American leadership that held the Allies together during

the darkest days of the war. And it was

American leadership which conquered the

forces of tyranny and restored liberty and

democracy to Europe.

Make no mistake about it, leadership carries a price. It did during World War II. It did

during the Eisenhower Administration. And

it does today. But it is a price worth paying.

As Ike said in his Second Inaugural Address,

‘‘The building of * * * peace is a bold and solemn purpose. To proclaim it is easy. To serve

it will be hard. And to attain it, we must be

aware of its full meaning—and ready to pay

its full price.

And Ike never forgot just what that full

price meant. He said that whenever he returned to Normandy after the war, his foremost thoughts were not with the planes and

the ships or the guns. Rather, he said, ‘‘I

thought of the families back home that had

lost men at this place.’’

I was privileged to walk the beaches of

Normandy and to return to the hills of Italy

where I saw action during the D-Day commemorations last June. And I, too, thought

of the families back home that had lost men,

and how we must never forget the cause for

which they fought and died. And the only

way to ensure that future generations of

Americans will not be buried on foreign land,

is to continue to provide leadership whenever and wherever it is needed.

Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored by the

confidence bestowed in me through this leadership award and will do my best to meet the

high expectations left by the legacy of

Dwight Eisenhower.

In closing, I want to share with you a few

more words of this American hero—and they

were words he spoke on that rainy day in Abilene 43 years ago.

Returning home led Ike to think about

growing up in Kansas, and he said ‘‘I found

out in later years we were very poor, but the

glory of America is that we didn’t know it

then: all that we knew was that our parents

* * * could say to us, ‘‘Opportunity is all

about you. Reach out and take it.’’

By working together and trusting one another, we can ensure that for generations yet

to come, America’s parents will still be able

to say those words to their sons and daughters. This is what we owe to the memory of

people like Dwight Eisenhower and all the

GIs of World War II we remembered yesterday. But ultimately, we owe it to ourselves,

to our children, and to the future of the

country we love.

FREEDOM SHRINE FOR THE HOT

SPRINGS VA MEDICAL CENTER

fMr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, an

exciting event recently took place in

the southern Black Hills of South Dakota. The Freedom Shrine, a collection

of documents from U.S. history, was

dedicated at the Hot Springs VA Medical Center in Hot Springs, SD.

I commend Maurice Wintersteen, the

Exchange Club of Rapid City, and Hot

Springs VA Director Dan Marsh, for

their efforts to bring the Freedom

Shrine to Hot Springs. Late last year,

Maurice Wintersteen approached the

Exchange Club of Rapid City about

sponsoring a freedom shrine in the

local VA Hospital. The Exchange Club

of Rapid City agreed to his request, and

Director Marsh threw his full support

behind the project.

As a result of their dedicated efforts,

the Freedom Shrine became a reality

and was placed in the rotunda of the

VA Domiciliary Building. The Freedom

Shrine displays reproductions of 28 historic American documents, including

the U.S. Constitution, President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, and President Kennedy’s Inaugural Address. It is

my understanding the Hot Springs VA

Hospital is the only VA facility in the

Nation to have such a freedom shrine.

It is very fitting that the Freedom

Shrine was dedicated on the 50th anniversary of the death of President

Franklin Roosevelt—the man who led a

worldwide alliance against a tyranny

that threatened freedom-living people

throughout the world. The Freedom

Shrine serves as an essential reminder

to all Americans that the freedom we

enjoy today is the direct result of the

enormous effort and sacrifice of our

forefathers, from the pioneers who first

settled the Nation, to the veterans who

gave their lives to defend it and the

values we stand for. We must never forget the precious gift they gave us. It is

ours to preserve for future generations.

Inspired by the Freedom Train that

toured the United States with American historical documents after the

Second World War, the National Exchange Club resolved to display documents from U.S. history in communities throughout the Nation so that

Americans of all ages would have easy

access to the rich heritage of their

past. Since 1949, many freedom shrines

have been installed by exchange clubs

in various communities across the Nation, Puerto Rico, and at American

outposts around the world. From State

capitols to U.S. warships, and hundreds

of schools across the Nation, freedom

shrines serve as an invaluable reference

for students and other citizens seeking

information or inspiration from these

historic treasures.

Again, I congratulate the Exchange

Club of Rapid City, Maurice

Wintersteen, Hot Springs VA Director

Dan Marsh, and all our veterans for

their ongoing commitment to the preservation of American principles. Their

deep pride in the history, traditions,

and values of our great State and Nation are reflected in the Freedom

Shrine. Most important, they have

given present and future generations of

South Dakotans a precious and lasting

gift. I salute everyone involved with

this inspiring project.

THE FUTURE OF THE B–1B

BOMBER IS SECURE

fMr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, last

week the Pentagon released a much-anticipated report by the Institute for

Defense Analyses [IDA] on our Nation’s

heavy bomber force structure. This report, the heavy bomber study, examined the deployment options of our

long-range heavy bomber forces—in association with additional tactical

forces—under the circumstances of two

hypothetical, nearly simultaneous

world conflicts. To date, the IDA study

is the most comprehensive, in-depth

analysis of the use of our Nation’s

three heavy bombers—the B–1 bomber

[B–1B], the B–2 stealth bomber, and the

B–52—in a conventional war-fighting

role.

I am pleased that the IDA study confirmed what I have said for quite some

time: The B–1B is an efficient and effective long-range bomber, and it can

be used successfully as the centerpiece

of American airpower projection. The

IDA study suggests that planned conventional upgrades to the B–1B would

be more cost-effective than purchasing

20 additional B–2 bombers. Further, the

study recommends that remaining B–2

bomber production preservation funds

should be reallocated to other weapons

and conventional upgrades. That would

allow for a total bomber force consisting of 95 B–1B’s, 66 B–52’s, and 20 B–2’s.

As my colleagues know, the B–1B was

developed and built at the height of the

cold war. Thus, it was anticipated that

its function would be limited to meeting one of several nuclear options.

However, the B–1B has shown to be an

effective conventional force component—a testament to designers, Air

Force strategists and pilots who recognized the versatility of this aircraft.

Time and again, the B–1B has had to

meet new challenges. For example, the

1994 congressionally mandated assessment test of the B–1B, performed by

the 28th Bomber Wing at Ellsworth Air
May 10, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6457

Force Base and code named the Dakota

Challenge, measured the readiness rate

of one B–1B bomber wing when provided fully with the necessary spare

parts, maintenance equipment, support

crews, and logistics equipment. The

Dakota Challenge found that a fully

funded B–1B wing could maintain an

unprecedented 84 percent mission capable rate. In addition, improvements

were seen in other readiness indicators,

including the 12-hour fix rate—a measure of how often a malfunctioning aircraft can be repaired and returned to

the air within one half day.

By meeting a number of different

challenges, the B–1B has earned justifiably the designation as the workhorse

of the heavy bomber fleet.

Based on the analysis of the IDA report, the B–1B should assume a prominent role in our Nation’s defense. The

study recognizes that maintaining the

B–1B as the workhorse of the heavy

bomber fleet would yield the highest

return on our defense investment and

render the most cost-effective contribution to our Nation’s heavy bomber

requirements. With continued investments in weapons upgrades, I believe

the B–1B will be an outstanding and effective conventional heavy bomber capable of projecting America’s air power

into the next century.

Mr. President, over the next several

decades, the United States increasingly

will be forced to respond rapidly and

decisively to regional security threats

around the globe. Holding 36 world

records for speed, payload, and distance, the B–1B is uniquely suited to

meeting our Nation’s present and future defense challenges. In this period

of budget constraints, I urge my colleagues to consider carefully the recommendations in the IDA Heavy

Bomber Study before casting their vote

on any defense measures affecting our

heavy bomber force structure.

WAS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE?

THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES

fMr. HELMS. Mr. President, before

contemplating today’s bad news about

the Federal debt, let us do that little

pop quiz once more. You remember—

one question, one answer:

Question: How many million dollars

are in $1 trillion? While you are arriving at an answer, bear in mind that it

was the U.S. Congress that ran up the

Federal debt that now exceeds $4.8 trillion.

To be exact, as of the close of business Tuesday, May 9, the exact Federal

debt—down to the penny—stood at

$4,853,699,696,611.41. This means that

every man, woman, and child in America now owes $18,424.73 computed on a

per capita basis.

Mr. President, back to the pop quiz:

How many million in a trillion? There

are a million million in a trillion.

HONORING MARGARET STANFILL

FOR BRAVERY AND SERVICE

DURING WORLD WAR II

Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, I rise

today to salute a Missourian who has

distinguished herself for her bravery

while in service to her country, Margaret Stanfill of Hayti, MO. As a nurse

serving in the U.S. Army Nurses Corps

during the Second World War, Margaret served her country with unprecedented bravery and dedication while

participating in some of the greatest

Allied successes of the war.

Margaret Stanfill was documented as

the first American nurse to arrive on

the beaches of Normandy during the

Allies’ D-day invasion of France on

June 6, 1944. The wire service accounts

of the invasion reported that the first

nurses to arrive by barge, ‘‘waded

ashore while battle-weary soldiers

blinked in astonishment.’’ The nurses,

led by Margaret Stanfill and clothed in

two layers of men’s uniforms with steel

helmets, went to work immediately

setting up dressing stations in pup

tents and ministering to the wounded.

Many of the wounded were paratroopers injured as part of the initial assault. I rise today to salute Margaret’s

bravery and leadership, not only at

Normandy, but throughout her life.

Margaret Stanfill grew up in Hayti,

in the bootheel of Southeastern Missouri near the Tennessee border, graduating from Hayti high school in 1938.

While in high school Margaret was a 4-

year member of the basketball team,

serving 1 year as team captain. She

was also a 4-year member of the Hayti

high school tennis team and was county high school’s girls singles champion.

After graduation, Margaret entered

nurses training at the Baptist Hospital

in Memphis, TN, graduating from there

in 1940. After a year in private nursing,

Margaret felt the call of service end entered the U.S. Army Nurses Corps,

training at Camp Tyson.

Margaret arrived in England for additional training on August 1, 1942. By

November of that year, she was among

the first nurses to arrive on shore during the Allied invasion to liberate

North Africa. The scenes of Margaret

and her surgical operating unit being

carried ashore from barges on the

shoulders of their male colleagues appeared in news reels shown around the

world. Her unit followed the Allied advance through North Africa into Sicily,

where Margaret followed the infantry

onto European soil at the invasion of

Italy before returning to England for

further training preceding the D-day

Invasion.

Margaret Stanfill returned from the

war and married Wick P. Moore, an

Army captain she served with during

the North Africa campaign. They settled down in Texas and had three children, two sons and a daughter. I once

again salute Margaret Stanfill Moore

for her service and bravery in playing a

role in some of the most crucial events

in the history of our Nation and our

world. Her love of freedom and willingness to give of herself and her talents

for her country sets an example of

service of which all of us can be proud.

Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, many

NONPROFIT HOSPITALS

fmay believe that health care reform is

not an issue in the 104th Congress. But

I have been advocating reform in one

form or another throughout my now 15

years in the Senate, and I continue to

do so. I have come to the floor on 14 occasions over just the last 3 years to

urge the Senate to address health care

reform. On the first day the Congress

was in session in 1993 and again on the

first day in 1995, I introduced comprehensive health care legislation. The

Health Care Assurance Act of 1995, S.

18, which I introduced on January 4 of

this year, is comprised of reform initiatives that our health care system needs

and can adopt immediately. They are

reforms which can both improve access

and affordability of coverage and

health care delivery and implement

systemic changes to bring down the escalating cost of care. Today, I again

address my colleagues on the issue of

health care access. I want to bring to

the Senate’s attention a particular

component of our health care delivery

system which is uniquely poised to provide innovative services which respond

to the particular needs of individual

communities, but which is in jeopardy—nonprofit hospitals.

In my view it is indispensable that

there be comprehensive affordable, accessible health care for all Americans.

I believe the essential question is

whether we have sufficient resources,

that is medical personnel and hospital,

laboratory, diagnostic and pharmaceutical facilities to deliver services. I

think we do; and nonprofit hospitals

are an important resource of innovative, community-based care. Well over

80 percent of the hospitals in this country have been and are nonprofit institutions. Most nonprofits were founded

decades ago and arose from religiously

or ethnically identified groups and so

were dedicated to serving a particular

community. Most have adhered to this

dedication to community and all of

them serve without restriction or preference. There are approximately 80,000

voluntary trustees, leaders in their respective communities giving freely of

their time, their energies, and their

money to raise the level of health care

in those communities. However, I am

concerned that recent trends in the

health care market, including the

growth of large for-profit hospital systems, and the emphasis on costs and

profits of many managed care organizations as they become economically

dominant, threaten the community

health focus of nonprofit hospitals.

We stand at the threshold of dramatic breakthroughs in understanding,

preventing, and treating a variety of

diseases. Clinical application of the

breakthroughs in research will yield

wondrous results which will alleviate