ATTORNEY GENERALOFTEXAS 

GREG ABBOTT 

May 12,2004 

Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. 

Chair, Texas Lottery Commission 

Post Office Box 16630 

Austin, Texas 78761-6630 

Opinion No. GA-0186 

Re: Whether a corporate applicant is ineligible for a 

manufacturer’s or distributor’s license if a person 

holding ten percent or less of the corporation’s stock 

also holds, or an individual related within the first 

degree by consanguinity to such individual holds, shares 

in another licensed bingo entity (RQ-0135-GA) 

Dear Mr. Clowe: 

On behalf of the Texas Lottery Commission (the “Commission”), you ask whether a 

corporate applicant is ineligible for amanufacturer’s or distributor’s license if an individual holding 

ten percent or less of the corporation’s stock, or an individual related within the first degree by 

consanguinity to such individual, also holds shares in another licensed bingo entity.’ 

The bingo industry in Texas is regulated in accordance with chapter 2001 of the Occupations 

Code, entitled the “Bingo Enabling Act” (the “Act”). See TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. 5 2001.001 (Vernon 

2004). The Act generallyrequires licenses for all “persons,” which is defined to include individuals, 

partnerships, and corporations, see id. 5 2001.002(20), involved in any aspect of the bingo industry. 

See id. $9 2001.101, .151, ,201, ,206, ,251 (requiring licenses to conduct bingo, for commercial 

lessors, for manufacturers and distributors, and for system service providers). For example, an 

unlicensed person may not “sell or supply to a person in this state or for use in this state bingo cards, 

boards, sheets, pads, or other supplies, or equipment designed to be used in playing bingo, or engage 

in any intrastate activity involving those items.” Id. 5 2001.201. An unlicensed person may 

not “sell, distribute, or supply bingo equipment or supplies for use in bingo in this state.” Id. 

5 2001.206. 

Certain persons are ineligible for licenses by statute. See id. $5 2001.154(l), .202(l)-(2), 

.207(l)-(2), .252(l) (listing eligibility requirements for commercial lessors, manufacturers, 

distributors, and system service providers). Under sections 2001.202 and 2001.207, which are 

‘See Letter from Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr., Chair, Texas Lottery Commission, to Honorable Greg Abbott, Texas 

Attorney General, at 1-2 (Nov. 24,2003) (on tile with the Opinion Committee, also available of http://www.oag.state. 

txus) [hereinafter Request Letter]. 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 2 (GA-0186) 

essentially identical, the following persons are ineligible for manufacturers’ and distributors’ 

licenses, respectively: 

(1) a person convicted of a felony, criminal fraud, a gambling 

or gambling-related offense, or a crime of moral turpitude if less than 

10 years has elapsed since the termination of a sentence, parole, 

[mandatory supervision, or community supervision] served for the 

offense: 

(2) a person who is or has been a professional gambler or 

gambling promoter; 

(3) an elected or appointed public officer or a public 

employee; 

(4) an owner, officer, director, shareholder, agent, or 

employee of a licensed commercial lessor; 

(5) a person who conducts, promotes, or administers, or 

assists in conducting, promoting, or administering[] bingo for which 

a license is required by this chapter; 

(6) [a distributor if the applicant seeks a manufacturer’s 

license or a manufacturer if the applicant seeks a distributor’s 

license]; 

(7) aperson who has had a license to manufacture, distribute, 

or supply bingo equipment or supplies revoked within the preceding 

year by another state; 

(8) an owner, officer, director, or shareholder of, or a person 

holding an equitable or credit interest in, another manufacturer or 

distributor licensed or required to be licensed under this chapter; or 

(9) a person: 

(A) in which a person described by 

Subdivision (l), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), or (8) or in 

which a person married or related in the first degree 

by consanguinity or affinity . to one of those 

persons has greater than a 10 percent proprietary, 

equitable, or credit interest or in which one of those 

persons is active or employed; or 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 3 (GA-0186) 

(B) in whose application for a 

[manufacturer’s or distributor’s] license a person 

describedby Subdivision(l), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), 

or (8) is required to be named. 

Id. $5 2001.202, ,207. Corporate applicants for manufacturers’ or distributors’ licenses must list, 

in their applications, “the name and home address of each officer and director and each person 

owning 10 percent or more of a class of stock in the corporation.” Id. 3s 2001,203(b)(3)(B), 

.208(b)(4). Anindividual’srelatives within the first degreeby consanguinity include the individual’s 

parent, child, parent’s or child’s spouse, spouse, and spouse’s parent or child. See TEX. GOV’T CODE 

ANN. $5 573.023(c)(l), ,025 (Vernon 1994). 

You ask about the eligibility of a corporate applicant for a manufacturer’s or distributor’s 

license in five circumstances: 

Under what circumstances does the [Act] prohibit a 

corporation from being eligible for a bingo manufacturer or 

distributor’s license: 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

if an individual shareholder owns ten percent (or less) stock 

in a bingo manufacturer or distributor and also concurrently 

owns ten percent (or less) stock interest in another licensed 

bingo distributor or manufacturer; 

if an individual shareholder owns ten percent (or less) stock 

in a bingo manufacturer or distributor and also concurrently 

owns greater than a ten percent stock interest in another 

licensed bingo distributor or manufacturer; 

if an individual shareholder owns ten percent (or less) stock 

in a bingo manufacturer or distributor and also concurrently 

each of his two adult children own ten percent (or less) stock 

interest in another licensed bingo distributor or manufacturer; 

if an individual shareholder owns ten percent (or less) stock 

in a bingo manufacturer or distributor and also concurrently 

has transferred, as the corpus of the trust, his greater than a 

ten percent stock interest in another licensed bingo distributor 

or manufacturer, ofwhich he is not a trustee, with his children 

named as beneficiaries; 

if an individual shareholder owns ten percent (or less) stock 

in a bingo manufacturer or distributor and also concurrently 

his adult child owns greater than ten percent stock in a 

commercial lessor. 

Request Letter, supra note 1, at l-2. 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 4 (GA-0186) 

In each of your five questions, a shareholder of the corporate applicant owns ten percent or 

less of the corporation. You do not ask about a shareholder holding more than ten percent of a 

corporate applicant’s shares. See id. Sections 2001.202 and 2001.207 facially do not render 

ineligible a corporate applicant when a shareholder holding less than a ten percent interest in the 

corporation (a) is a person described in subdivisions (1) through (8), or(b) is related within the first 

degree by consanguinity or affinity to such an individual. Subsection (9)(A) does not apply because 

the person does not hold “a greater than 10 percent interest” in the corporation, and subsection 

(9)(B) does not apply because persons holding less than ten percent ownership are not required to 

be named in the corporate application. TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. 59 2001.202(9), .207(g) (Vernon 

2004); see also id. @ 2001.203(b)(3)(B), .208(b)(4). Thus, if, in the situations about which you ask, 

the individual shareholder owns less than ten percent of the applicant’s stock, the applicant is not 

thereby rendered ineligible. On the other hand, a corporate applicant is plainly ineligible when a 

~person described in subdivisions (1) through (8), or a person related within the first degree to a 

person described in subdivisions (1) through (8), owns more than ten percent of the corporation. See 

id. 

With respect to a shareholder who holds exactly ten percent of the corporation, however, 

the answer is more complex. Under subsection (9)(B), a corporate applicant who is required to 

name a person described in subdivisions (1) through (8) is ineligible for a license. See id. 

$5 2001,202(9)(B), .207(9)(B). A corporation’s application for a manufacturer’s license must 

list the name of “each person owning 10 percent or more” of the corporation’s stock, id. 

4 2001.203@)(3)(B); the application for a distributor’s license must list the name of “each person 

owning at least 10 percent” of the corporation’s stock, id. 5 2001.208(b)(4). In either case, a 

shareholder holding exactly ten percent ofthe corporation’s stock (a ‘ten-percent shareholder”) must 

be listed on the application, and the corporate applicant will be ineligible for a license if the tenpercent shareholder is “a person described by” subdivisions (1) through (8). Id. $5 2001.202(9)(B), 

.207(9)(B). We accordingly consider each of your five questions with respect to only a ten-percent 

shareholder, whose name must be listed on the application under sections 2001.202(9)(B), 

2001.203(b)(3)(B), 2001.207(9)(B), and 2001.208(b)(4). 

You ask first about a corporate applicant if a ten-percent shareholder “also concurrently 

owns” a ten percent or less interest in another licensed bingo manufacturer or distributor. Request 

Letter, supra note 1, at 2. The ten-percent shareholder’s name must be listed in the application, see 

TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. $5 2001,202(9)(B), .203(h)(3)(B), .207(9)(B), .208(b)(4) (Vemon2004), and 

if he or she is “a person described by Subdivision” (1) through (8), the corporate applicant is not 

eligible for a license, see id. $5 2001,202(9)(B), .207(9)(B). A “shareholder of. another [licensed] 

manufacturer or distributor” is a person described by subdivision (8). See id. $5 2001.202(g), 

.207(g). Neither section 2001.202(8) nor section 2001.207(8) limits the term “shareholder” to one 

holding a certain percentage of the other manufacturer’s or distributor’s shares; rather, the term 

would include a holder of any number of shares, regardless of the percentage of ownership the stock 

ownership represents. See also id. 5 2001.002 (defining terms for the purposes of chapter 2001). 

Consequently, no matter how small the number of shares the corporate applicant’s ten-percent 

shareholder has in the other manufacturer or distributor, he or she is a person described by 

subdivision (8) and the corporate applicant is therefore ineligible for amanufacturer’s or distributor’s 

license. 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 5 (GA-0186) 

Second, you ask about a corporate applicant in which a ten-percent shareholder holds greater 

than a ten percent interest in another licensed bingo manufacturer or distributor. See Request Letter, 

supra note 1, at 2. As in the first question, such a shareholder must be listed in the application, see 

TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. $5 2001.202(9)(B), .203(b)(3)(B), .207(9)(B), .208(b)(4) (Vemon2004), and 

may render the corporation ineligible for a license if the individual is “a person described by 

Subdivision” (1) through (8). See id. $9 2001.202(9)(B), .207(9)(B). Additionally, the term 

“shareholder” in subsections 2001.202(8) and 2001.207(8) refers to any shareholder, regardless of 

the percentage of stock held. See id. $5 2001.202(8), .207(g). If a corporate applicant must list the 

name of a ten-percent shareholder who holds shares in another licensed bingo manufacturer or 

distributor, the corporate applicant is ineligible. 

You ask next about a corporate applicant if a ten-percent shareholder is related within the 

first degree by consanguinity to two persons each holding a ten percent or less share in another 

licensed bingo manufacturer or distributor. See Request Letter, supra note 1, at 2. Again, because 

the shareholder’s ownership interest is ten percent, his or her name must be listed in the application. 

See TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. $9 2001.202(9)(B), .207(9)(B) (V emon 2004). Under subsection (9)(B), 

a corporation is ineligible only if a person listed in the application is described by subdivisions (1) 

through (8). See id. §§ 2001.202(9)(B), .207(9)(B). But subdivision (9)(B) does not extend the 

grounds for ineligibility to the listed person’s relatives by consanguinity or affinity. And sections 

2001,202(9)(A) and 2001.207(9)(A), which extend the conflict-of-interest ineligibility to relatives 

within the first degree by consanguinity or affinity, apply only to shareholders holding more than ten 

percent ownership ofthe corporate applicant. See id. $9 2001.202(9)(A), .207(9)(A). Consequently, 

the corporate applicant you describe here is not rendered ineligible by virtue of the ten-percent 

shareholder’s relatives’ holdings. 

Similarly, with respect to your fifth question, a corporate applicant is not rendered ineligible 

for a license by virtue of a ten-percent shareholder’s child’s interest in a commercial lessor. See 

Request Letter, supra note 1, at 2. The corporate applicant would be rendered ineligible only if the 

ten-percent shareholder personally held shares of a licensed commercial lessor or if the shareholder 

held more than ten percent of the corporate applicant. See TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. $5 2001.202(4), 

(9)(B), .207(4), (9)(B) (Vernon 2004). 

The resolution of your fourth question, regarding a corporate applicant’s eligibility if a tenpercent shareholder “concurrently has transferred, as the corpus of a trust, his greater than a ten 

percent stock interest in another licensed bingo distributor or manufacturer, with his children 

named as beneficiaries,” depends upon whether the ten-percent shareholder will continue to be a 

“shareholder of’ or will hold an equitable or credit interest in the manufacturer or distributor 

following transfer to the trust. Request Letter, supra note 1, at 2; see TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. 

§§ 2001.2W9, P)(B), .207@),(9)(B) (V emon 2004). Because the shareholder holds no more than 

ten percent of the corporate applicant, the corporation is not disqualified by the shareholder’s child’s 

interest. See. TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. @ 2001,202(9)(A), .207(9)(A) (Vernon 2004). You tell us that 

the shareholder will not be a trustee of the trust, but that the trust will be revocable. See Request 

Letter, supra note 1, at 2-3. 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 6 (GA-01 86) 

Whether such a ten-percent shareholder will continue to be a shareholder of or will hold an 

equitable or credit interest in the other manufacturer or distributor following the transfer of the 

shareholder’s share in a trust will depend upon the terms of the trust instrument. See SamueN v. 

Brooks, 207 S.W. 626, 629 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1918, writ ref d) (stating that a trust may be 

created in one of three ways: “by conveyance or assignment to the donee, or by such transfer to third 

persons upon declared terms, or by declaration which fastens a beneficial interest in or upon property 

and retains then legal title in the donor”). In our opinion, if the trust is structured so that the tenpercent shareholder no longer holds title to the shares or any equitable or credit interest in the other 

manufacturer or distributor, the corporate applicant is not rendered ineligible by the trust’s shares. 

On the other hand, if the trust is structured so that the ten-percent shareholder remains a 

“shareholder” of the other manufacturer or distributor or holds an equitable or credit interest in the 

manufacturer or distributor, the corporate applicant is ineligible for a license. Construing a trust 

instrument involves questions of fact and is not, therefore, a function of the opinion process. See 

Vaughn v. Gunter, 458 S.W.2d 523,527-28 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas), writ ref’d n.r.e., 461 S.W.2d 

599 (Tex. 1970) (indicating that, if a settlor’s intent cannot be determined from a trust instrument’s 

plain language, the court must examine the facts to determine the settlor’s intent); see also Tex. Att’y 

Gen. Gp. No. GA-0003 (2002) at 1 (stating that the opinion process does not determine facts). In 

our opinion, the Commission must determine in the first instance the extent and nature of the 

shareholder’s interest in shares held in a trust. 
Mr. C. Tom Clowe Jr. - Page 7 (GA-0186) 

SUMMARY 

A corporate applicant for a bingo manufacturer’s or 

distributor’s license is not rendered ineligible under section 2001.202 

or 2001.207 of the Occupations Code solely because an individual 

holding less than ten percent of the corporation’s stock also holds 

stock in, or is related within the first degree by consanguinity or 

affinity to an individual who holds stock in, another licensed bingo 

entity. On the other hand, the corporate applicant is rendered 

ineligible if an individual holding ten percent of the corporation’s 

shares also holds shares, in any quantity, in, or holds an equitable or 

credit interest in, another licensed bingo manufacturer or distributor. 

The corporate applicant is not rendered ineligible solely because an 

individual holding exactly ten percent of the corporation’s stock is 

related within the first degree to an individual holding shares in a 

commercial lessor or a manufacturer or distributor. 

Very truly yours, 

Attorney General of Texas 

BARRY R. MCBEE 

First Assistant Attorney General 

DON R. WILLETT 

Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel 

NANCY S. FULLER 

Chair, Opinion Committee 

Kymberly K. Oltrogge 

Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee