# TheAttorney GeneralofTexas July 25, 1983 JIMMATTOX Attorney General

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A”EqualOpporlullltyl AfllrmafiveAC,,O”Empluyer Honorable BobBush Chairman Committee onJudiciary Texas House of Representatives P. 0. Box 2910 Austin, Texas 78769 Opinion No.JM-45 Re: Whether anoutside auditor who contracts to perform for a school district is subject to article 5996a, V.T.C.S., the nepotism statute Dear Representative Bush: You have requested a construction of article 5996a. V.T.C.S., which deals with "nepotism." The facts are as follows: in April, 1982, an individual was elected as atrustee of anindependent school district. This trustee is a first cousin of a certified public accountant (CPA) who serves as the school district's auditor. Accordfng to aletter from the superintendent of this school district, this CPA "was first awarded a contract to perform the School District's annual audit in 1972 andhehas served continuously in this capacity for the past eleven (11) years." This letter also states that the trustee has no financial interest in the audit firm in which the CPAis employed. Article 5996a provides in part:

No officer.
. . any. . . school district.
. . shall appoint, or vote for, or confirm the appointment to any office, position, clerkship, employment or duty, of any person related within the second degree by affinity or within the third degree by c"nsang"inity to the person so appointing or sovoting, or to any other member of any such board.
. . of which such person so appointing or voting may be a member, when the salary, fees, "t compensation of such appointee is to be paid for, directly or indirectly, out of or from public funds or fees of office of any kind or character whatsoever; provided, that nothing herein contained.
. . shall prevent the appointment, voting for, or confirmation of any person who shall have been continuously employed in any such office, position, clerkship,

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employment or duty for a period of two (2) years prior to the election or appointment of the officer or member appointing, voting for, or confirming the appointment, or to the election or appointment of the officer or member related to such employee in the prohibited degree. (Emphasis added). Youhave asked whether, in the situation outlined above, anyviolation of article 5996a has occurred. Weassume that the CPAin question is currently serving as the school district’s auditor. In the aforementioned letter, the superintendent indicated that one of his concerns is whether, under article 5996a, it makes any difference that the CPAis an “independent contractor” rather than an

“employee” of the school district. Wethink not. Inour opinion, the legislature, in enacting this statute, chose the extremely comprehensive words “office, position, clerkship, employment or duty” in an effort to cover every conceivable situation in which a governmental body might hire someone to perform some service for it. It sought, in other words, to make it clear that nepotism questions should not turn on technical distinctions between “employee” and

“independent contractor”; instead, the relevant question should be whether the governmental body employed the individual in question to perform some service for it. Thus, even assuming arguendo that this CPAis an independent contractor, this employment situation is covered by article 5996a, because the CPA(1) is related to aschool trustee within the prohibited degree; (2) was hired, i.e., “appointed” by a school board containing this trustee to perform a service for the school district; and (3) occupies a “position” or “employment” or is performing a “duty” for the district within the meaning of this statute. Recause this employment relationship is governed by article 5996a, the CPAmay, while his relative is serving onthe school board, continue to be hired by that school board to perform as the school district’s auditor only if the two-years’ continuous employment proviso in article 5996a is applicable. He may be reemployed, in other words, only if he was “continuously employed” by the school district for two years prior to the date on which his first cousin officially became a school trustee. See Attorney General Opinion - M-857 (1971). In his letter, the superintendent advises that the CPAconducts the annual audit for the school district. Wehave been unable to locate aprior opinion dealing wf,th asituation quite like this one, in which the question is whether the “continuous employment” proviso can apply where sn individual is hired to perform aservice during one portion of each year rather than throughout the entire year. We

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conclude, however, that the proviso applies in this instance if, during the two years immediately preceding the qualification of the CPA’s first cousin as atrustee, the CPAwas continously in the employ of the school district as its auditor, regardless of whether he was actually rendering auditing services for the district. Webster’s New International Dictionary, 2nd Edition, defines

“continuous” as “without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time.” In Attorney General Letter Advisory No. 151 (1978)) which concluded that the express refusal by a school district to rehire a teacher’s aide before her current term of employment ended constituted abreak in her employment for purposes of the two-year proviso, this office quoted the following statement from Coxv. Brown, 50S.W.2d 763, 764 (MO.App. 1932):

Continuously in.
. . employ does not mean continuously in.
. . service. To be employed in anything means not only the act of doing it, but also to be engaged to do it, or to be under contract or orders to doit. These authorities establish that an individual who performs services on a seasonal or periodic basis may be protected by the two-years’ continuous service proviso. For the proviso to apply, however, the individual must have been “employed” by, &, “engaged” by or operating under a contract with, the governmental entity that hired him for the entire two years immediately preceding the election or appointment of his relative (within the prohibited degree) to the governing board of that entity. If, during the entire 730 days immediately preceding the qualification of his first cousin as trustee, this CPA was continuously under contract with the school district to perform auditing services for it, we believe that no violation of article 5996a occurred when the school board thereafter continued to reemploy him as its auditor. The fact that the auditor was hired to perform a periodic service does not mean that he cannot be deemed to have been

“continuously employed” by the school district as its auditor for that two-year period. Of course, the question of whether the CPA was employed by the school district for the required twoyear period is a fact question which cannot be resolved in the opinion process. SUMMARY No viol~ation of article 5996a. V.T.C.S., occurred where aCPAwhohad served as the school district’s auditor since 1972 was reemployed in that capacity after his first cousin was elected to the school board, if the CPAwas “continuously

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employed" by the school district as its auditor for two consecutive years prior to the election of his cousin as trustee.

JIM MATTOX Attorney General of Texas TOMGREEN First Assistant Attorney General DAVIDR. RICHARDS Executive Assistant Attorney General Prepared byJon Bible Assistant Attorney General APPROVED: OPINIONCOMMITTEE Rick Gilpin, Acting Chairman Jon Bible David Brooks Colin Carl JimMoellinger Nancy Sutton Bruce Youngblood

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