FIL ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T OCTOB ER 31, 2011 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l l Pl ai nt iff - App el le e, ve rs us HAROLD OSORIO, a.k .a. Bla di m ir P iz za, ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll Defen da nt- App el lant .

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt forth e So ut he rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (Oct ob er 3 1, 2 01 1) Befo re TJ OFLAT, CARNES andKRAVITCH, Cir cu itJu dg es . PER CURI AM:Haro ldOso rio ap pe al s h is 51 -m on th sen te nc e, whi chhe rece iv edaft er h e

pl ead edgu il ty to: (1) de li ve rin g apa ck ag e co nt ai ni ng a fi rearm to a co m m on carr ie r witho utwrit te n n ot ic e, in vi ol at io n o f 18 U.S.C. §§ 92 2( e) an d 2 ; (2 ) kn owi ng ly pos se ss in g afir earm with a n o bl it erat edser ia l num be r, invi ol at io n o f 18 U.S.C. §§ 92 2( k) an d 2 ; (3 ) il le ga ll y co nc eal in g andexpo rti ng fir earm s, i n vi ol at io n o f 18 U.S.C. §§ 55 4 a nd2; an d (4 ) co ns pi rin g t o c omm itth es e o ffen se s, in vi ol at io n o f 18 U.S.C. § 3 71 . After r ev ie w, we affi rm . I. On M ay 14 , 20 10 , Oso rio an d J or ge Mo ta to , Oso rio ’s all eg edco co ns pi rat or , wentto Carg o Zo ne an d t rie d t o s en d apa ck ag e und er the ali as

“ Bl ad im ir P iz za” l ab el ed“ to ol s” to Oso rio ’s dec eas edbro th er i n C al i, Co lo m bi a. Age nt s s to pp edth e sh ip m en t an d i ns pe ct edth e p ack ag e, whi chweig he d 2 03 po un ds an d c on ta in edol d, u se d t oo ls layeredov er 4 Bu sh m as te r .22 3 ri fle s, ea ch with i ts ser ia l num

be rs ob li te rat ed . Agen ts imm ed ia te ly arres te d Os or io at M ia m i In te rn at io na l Ai rp ort wh ere h e was pre pa rin g t o b oa rda fl ig htto Co lo m bi a. Age nt s al so arre st edMo ta to . BetweenAug us t 2 00 8 a ndMay 201 0, Os or io bo ug ht26 fir earm s, m os tl y Bu sh m as te r .22 3 ri fle s. Mo ta to oft enacco m pa ni edOso rio to pu rch as e th e
2fir earm s an d s om et im es pu rch as edfir earm s h im se lf. Mean whi le , Oso rio an d 1 Mo ta to us edCarg o Zo ne , a co m m on carri er, t o s hi p a t l eas t 1 0 p ack ag es m ark ed

“ to ol s” or “ us edto ol s” to Cal i, Co lo m bi a. Eig htof t he se pa ck ag es weig he d be twee n 1 53 an d 2 43 po un ds , andall of t he pa ck ag es were s hi pp eda few d ay s aft er Os or io pu rch as eda fi rearm . Oso rio sen t the pa ck ag es un de r th e al ia s

“ Bl ad im ir P iz za” o r “ Bl ad im ir Os or io ” an d a dd res se d t he pa ck ag es to a va can t ad dr es s u nd er the na m e o f hi s d ecea se d b ro th er. Day s af te r he sh ip pe d e ach pa ck ag e, Oso rio tra ve le d t o C ol om bi a. The pre se nt en ce i nv es ti ga ti on rep ort (P SI) s etOso rio ’s bas e o ffen se lev el at 26 be cau se th e p ro ba ti on off ic er co nc lu de d t ha t Os or io ’s off en se in vo lv edm or e th an10 no n- fu ll y

au to m at ic sm al l fi rearm s. U.S.S.G. § 2 M5 .2(a )(2 ). Oso rio ob jecte d, ar gu in g t ha t h is off en se in vo lv edfewer tha n 1 0 fi rearm s an d, the refo re, hi s b as e o ffen se lev el sh ou ldbe 14 rathe r th an26 . § 2 M5 .2(a )(1 ). At h is se nt en ci ng he ari ng , he a rg ue d t ha t the go ve rn m en t fa il edto pro ve th athe sh ip pe d an y of t he ot he r fi rearm s h e b ou gh t, s o § 2M 5.2 (a)( 2) co ul d n otap pl y . The di st ric t co urt o ve rru le d Os or io ’s ob jecti on , fin di ng th athi s p at te rnof p rev io us fir earm pu rch as es , sh ip m en ts , andtri ps to Co lo m bi a m at ch edth e ev en ts th at fo rm edth e b as is of h is co nv ic ti on . Thu s, the di st ric t co urt fo un d b y a On Octobe r 6, 2010, the g overnme nt dismi ssed the indictment ag ainst Motato. 1 3pr ep on de ran ce o f th e ev id en ce tha t Os or io sh ip pe d at l eas t 7 of t he 22 ad di ti on al

fir earm s fr om

Aug us t 2 00 8 t o M ay

20 10 . Oso rio ap pe al s thi s fi nd in g.
II. W e rev ie w th e d is tri ctco urt’s fa ctua l fi nd in gs forcle ar erro r. Uni te d Sta tes v. Lo pe z- Gar ci a , 56 5 F .3d13 06 , 13 23 (11 th Cir . 20 09 ). “ W e can no t fi ndcle ar erro r ‘unl es s we are l eftwith ade fin it e an d fi rm co nv ic ti on th ata m is ta ke ha s b een co m m it te d.’” Uni te d Sta tes v. C ra wf ord , 40 7 F .3d11 74 , 11 77 (11 th Cir . 20 05 ) (quo ti ng Gla ss ro th v. Moo re , 33 5 F .3d12 82 , 12 92 (11 th Cir . 20 03 )). Whe n a de fen da ntch al le ng es on e o f th e fac tu al ba se s o f hi s s en te nc e, th e g ov ern m en t be ars th e b ur de n o f pr es en ti ng rel iabl e an d s pe ci fic ev id en ce t o e st ab li shth e di sp ut edfactby a prep on de ran ce o f th e ev id en ce. Uni te d Sta tes v. Ma rt in ez , 58 4 F.3 d 1 02 2, 1 02 7 (1 1t h C ir. 2 00 9) . III. W e co nc lu de th atth e d is tri ctco urt d idno t cl earl y err b y fin di ng th atOso rio sh ip pe d m or e th an10 fir earm s t o C ol om bi a. Oso rio ’s con sp ira cy co nv ic ti on is an al og ou s t o dru g- co ns pi racy case s i n wh ic h t he am ou ntof dru gs sei zed“ do es no t refl ectth e sc al e o f th e o ffen se ,” requi rin g t he di st ric t co urt t o “ ap pr ox im at e th e qu an ti ty of th e co nt ro ll edsubs tanc e” fo r se nt en ci ng purp os es . Uni te d Sta tes v. 4Frazi er , 89 F.3d15 01 , 15 06 (11 th Cir . 19 96 ). In s uc h c as es , “ a co urt m ay ba se it s co m pu ta ti on on ev id en ce s ho win g t he av erag e fre qu en cy an d a m ou ntof a de fen da nt ’s [il le ga l d eal in gs ] ov er a g iv enpe rio d o f ti m e.” Id. Altho ug h se nt en ci ng inth is m an ne r can no t b e b as edon m ere s pe cu la ti ve cal cu la ti on s, se nt en ci ng “ m ay

be ba se d o n fa ir, a ccurat e, an d c on se rv at iv e es ti m at es of t he qu an ti ty of [i ll eg al de al in gs ] at tri bu tabl e to a de fen da nt .” Uni te d Sta tes v. Za pa ta , 13 9 F .3d13 55 , 13 59 (11 th Cir . 19 98 ). The di stric t co urt i n t hi s ca se co ns erv at iv el y de te rm in edba se d o n re li ab le an d s pe ci fic ev id en ce i n t he reco rdth atOso rio pre vi ou sl y sh ip pe d a t l eas t 1 0 fir earm s t o C ol om

bi a. Oso rio pu rch as ed26 fir earm s an d s hi pp edpa ck ag es to Co lo m bi a d ay s af

te r m os t p ur ch as es . He sh ip pe d 1 0 p ack ag es inth e sam e m an ne r as th e p ack ag e fo un d t o c on ta in 4 o f th e 2 6 fi rearm s. Th e p ack ag es were ro ug hl y th e sa m e wei gh t (app ro xi m at el y 15 0 t o 2 00 po un ds ), were ea chlab el ed“ to ol s” or

“us edto ol s,” we re s hi pp edth ro ug h C arg o Zo ne un de r th e al ia s “ Bl ad im ir P iz za” or“ Bl ad im ir Os or io ,” an d wer e se ntto th e ad dr es s o f Oso rio ’s dec eas edbro th er. Oso rio rep eat ed ly trav el edto Co lo m bi a aft er s hi pp in g apa ck ag e, an d h e was ap pr eh en de d wh il e at te m pt in g t o d o t he same. Thi s ev id en ce s ho ws a p at te rnof be ha vi orth at , when co m

pa redto th e ci rcu m st an ces of Os or io ’s con vi ct io n, de m on st rat e th athe li ke ly shi pp eda nu m be r of th e unr eco ve redfir earm s as well . 5Reg ard in g t he to ta l n um be r of fir earm s Os or io sh ip pe d, the di st ric t co urt’s fin di ng was n otcle ar erro r. Oso rio m ad e 1 0 s hi pm en ts inad di ti onto th e sh ip m en t ag en ts sei zed . Becau se th e se iz edsh ip m en t co nt ai ne d 4 fir earm s, the di st ric t co urt’s es ti m at e th athe sh ip pe d at l eas t 7 ot he r fi rearm s i n a ny com bi na ti on inth e 10 pre vi ou s s hi pm en ts was c on se rv at iv e. Bec au se th e d is tri ctco urt’s co nc lu si on th atOso rio sh ip pe d a dd it io na l fir earm s was ba se d o n re li ab le an d s pe ci fic ev id en ce, an d b ecau se it s es ti m at io n o f th e to ta l n um

be r of fir earm s s hi pp edwas fa ir andco ns erv at iv e, th e d is tri ctco urt di d n otco m

m itcle ar erro r in set ti ng Oso rio ’s bas e o ffen se lev el at 2 6. Acco rd in gl y , we affi rm

th e d is tri ctco urt an d the sen te nc e im po se d. AFFIRMED.

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