Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(d), G. Wayne Clough is substituted as 1

Secretary for his predecessor, Lawrence M. Small, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

)

BETH M. NORDEN, )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) Civil Action No. 05-1232 (RMC)

)

G. WAYNE CLOUGH, Secretary,

Smithsonian Institution,1

)

)

)

Defendant. )

)

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Dr. Beth M. Norden won partial summary judgment against the Smithsonian

Institution for its violations of her rights under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 701 et

seq. The parties settled her claims before a trial on damages. Pending before the Court is Dr.

Norden’s motion for attorneys’ fees [Dkt. # 83]. For the reasons explained herein, the motion will

be granted in part and denied in part.

I. FACTS

Dr. Norden contracted Dengue Hemorraghic Fever in 2000 while traveling in Brazil

on the business of her employer, the Smithsonian Institution. The disease nearly killed her and has

left her with the permanent presence of dengue antibodies that cause her to suffer from continuing

physical and mental ailments. After years of recovery and unsuccessful efforts to return to work part

time, in late 2003 Dr. Norden’s doctors assured the Smithsonian that she could work a full 40-hour
 “[C]ase law construing what constitutes a ‘reasonable’ fee applies uniformly across federal 2

fee-shifting statutes that employ this language.” Miller v. Holzmann, 575 F. Supp. 2d 2, 11 n.18

(D.D.C. 2008).

-2-

week if she received proper accommodations. In response, the Smithsonian Institution conditioned

Dr. Norden’s return to work on retaliatory and illegal terms and, when she asked for better

accommodations for her genuine disability, it fired her. 

On August 3, 2007, the Court granted partial summary judgment to Dr. Norden,

finding that the Smithsonian Institution violated the Rehabilitation Act when it failed and refused

to return Dr. Norden to work in 2004 and discharged her. See August 3, 2007 Mem. Op. & Order

[Dkt. ## 38 & 39]. The matter was set for trial on damages after mediation failed. However, the

matter never went to trial because Dr. Norden accepted Defendant’s offer of judgment in the amount

of $800,000, excluding costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees. See April 9, 2009 Notice of Acceptance

of Offer of Judgment [Dkt. # 80]. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 68(a), the Clerk of

Court entered an $800,000 judgment for Dr. Norden and against Defendant. See April 16, 2009

Judgment on Offer and Acceptance [Dkt. # 81]. The Clerk taxed Defendant $3,699 in costs. See

August 3, 2009 Bill of Costs as Taxed [Dkt. # 98]. Dr. Norden seeks $1,636,834.20 in attorneys’

fees, see Dkt. # 83, which Defendant opposes, see Dkt. # 101. 

II. LEGAL STANDARDS

The Rehabilitation Act provides: “In any action or proceeding to enforce or charge

a violation of a provision of this subchapter, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing

party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.” 29 U.S.C.

§ 794a(b). “The usual method of calculating reasonable attorneys’ fees is to multiply the hours 2

reasonably expended in the litigation by a reasonable hourly fee, producing the ‘lodestar’ amount.”
-3-

Bd. of Trs. of Hotel & Restaurant Employees Local 25 v. JPR, Inc., 136 F.3d 794, 801 (D.C. Cir.

1998) (citing Pennsylvania v. Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air, 478 U.S. 546, 564

(1986)). “This amount may then be adjusted by a multiplier ‘in certain ‘rare’ and ‘exceptional’

cases,’ although there is a ‘strong presumption that the lodestar figure . . . represents a ‘reasonable’

fee.’” Id. (quoting Delaware Valley, 478 U.S. at 565). The “lodestar” approach to fee awards was

established by the Supreme Court in Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424 (1983), and is the approach

followed by the federal courts in most fee award disputes. See Gisbrecht v. Barnhart, 535 U.S. 789,

802 (2002) (“Thus, the lodestar method today holds sway in federal-court adjudication of disputes

over the amount of fees properly shifted to the loser in the litigation.”). Federal courts rely on the

lodestar method to calculate fees without regard to whether the award would exceed a contingent-fee

agreement between client and counsel. Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 93 (1989); see also

Venegas v. Mitchell, 495 U.S. 82 , 87 (1990). The fee applicant bears the burden of demonstrating

that the claimed rate and number of hours are reasonable. Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 897

(1984).

III. ANALYSIS

Defendant argues that no fees are owed because Dr. Norden’s counsel failed to keep

contemporaneous records ofthe hours they spent working on this litigation. This Circuit “require[s]

that fee applications include contemporaneous time records of hours worked and rates claimed, plus

a detailed description of the subject matter of the work with supporting documents, if any.” In re

Donovan, 877 F.2d 982, 994 (D.C. Cir. 1989). “Casual after-the-fact estimates of time expended

on a case are insufficient to support an award of attorneys’ fees. Attorneys who anticipate making

a fee application must maintain contemporaneous, complete and standardized time records which
 Counsel assert that “[w]e draft our bills at the time service was rendered and/or our bills

3

are based upon, supported by, and/or cross-checked against the backup and saved specific documents

such as emails, documents, correspondence, and pleadings to assure their completeness, accuracy

and reasonableness, and finally, we cross-check and cross-reference the bills between co-counsel to

also assure their completeness, accuracy and reasonableness.” Pl.’s Opp’n to Mot. to Compel at 5.

The Court interprets this to mean that contemporaneous records were not kept at all times. 

 Inasmuch as this matter settled before trial and Dr. Norden only won partial summary 4

judgment, the total number of hours claimed appears to be excessive.

-4-

accurately reflect the work done by each attorney.” Nat’l Ass’n of Concerned Veterans v. Sec’y of

Def., 675 F.2d 1319, 1327 (D.C. Cir. 1982) (emphasis added). “This requirement is particularly apt

when the fee requirements will be satisfied from the United States Treasury” because a court “must

strictly construe a waiver of sovereign immunity.” In re Donovan, 877 F.2d at 994. 

The Court agrees that “it is evident from the record that counsel for Plaintiff failed

to maintain and produce ‘contemporaneous, complete and standardized time records’ to support their

assertions as to the time spent on this matter.” Def.’s Opp’n to Mot. for Att’y Fees [Dkt. # 101] at

18 (quoting Concerned Veterans, 675 F.2d at 1327). The records submitted by Dr. Norden’s counsel

appear to be “[c]asual after-the-fact estimates” of time spent on this litigation, not

“contemporaneous, complete and standardized time records.” Concerned Veterans, 675 F.2d at

1327. Dr. Norden’s counsel admit that neither kept “raw data” records. See Pl.s’ Opp’n to Mot. to

Compel [Dkt. # 97] at 4-5. That Dr. Norden’s counsel failed to keep contemporaneous records is 3

confirmed by the discrepancies between the hours claimed in the mediation statement and the instant

motion. See Def.’s Opp’n, Ex. 6 (chart showing entries on fee petition that differ from the mediation

fee request). Given counsel’s loose record-keeping practices, the Court “cannot begin to evaluate

the reasonableness of the attorney time expended” under the lodestar method. In re North, 32 F.3d 4

607, 608 (D.C. Cir. 1994). 
-5-

While counsel’s failure to maintain contemporaneous records precludes them from

recovering under the lodestar method, “[t]otal denial of requested fees as a purely prophylactic

measure . . . is a stringent sanction, to be reserved for only the most severe of situations, and

appropriately invoked only in very limited circumstances.” Jordan v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 691 F.2d

514, 518 (D.C. Cir. 1982). “Outright denial may be justified when the party seeking fees declines

to proffer any substantiation in the form of affidavits, timesheets or the like, or when the application

is grossly and intolerably exaggerated, or manifestly filed in bad faith.” Id. Whereas here counsel

merely failed to keep contemporaneous records, it would be unjust to preclude them from recovering

any fees at all. 

“In this Circuit, ‘an attorney’s usual billing rate is presumptively the reasonable rate,

provided that this rate is in line with those prevailing in the community for similar services by

lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.’” Miller, 575 F. Supp. 2d at 11-

12 (D.D.C. 2008) (quoting Kattan by Thomas v. District of Columbia, 995 F.2d 274, 278 (D.C. Cir.

1993)); see also Cobell v. Norton, 231 F. Supp. 2d 295, 302-03 (D.D.C. 2002) (“‘There is no better

indication of what the market will bear than what the lawyer in fact charges for his services and what

his clients pay.’”) (quoting Griffin v. Wash. Convention Ctr., 172 F. Supp. 2d 193, 197 (D.D.C.

2001)). Dr. Norden’s counsel customarily charge their clients on a contingency fee basis. See Pl.’s

Mem. in Supp. of Mot. for Att’y Fees [Dkt. # 83], Ex.3 (Decl. of Vicki I. Fang) ¶ 8 (“The complex

federal cases we take are prosecuted either entirely on a contingency fee basis, or with a contingency

fee and a significantly reduced hourly payment, i.e., a token payment.”); id., Ex. 4 (Decl. of Alex

Sliheet) ¶ 1 (“100% of my cases are taken on a contingency basis, including this case.”). While

ordinarily “a contingent-fee contract does not impose an automatic ceiling on an award of attorney’s
 Because the plaintiff won partial summary judgment, a result the Court characterized as 5

“rare,” see August 3, 2007 Memorandum Opinion [Dkt. # 38] at 1, Dr. Norden’s counsel seeks “an

enhancement of the lodestar by a factor of two.” Pl.’s Mem. at 44. They attribute this result to the

superior quality of their representation. See id. at 43. No enhancement is warranted because the

result was not so much attributable to counsel’s representation as it was to the facts of the case.

-6-

fees,” Blanchard, 489 U.S. at 93, in the circumstances of this case, where a lodestar amount cannot

be calculated due to counsel’s failure to keep contemporaneous records, the Court finds that the

contingency fee is the closest proxy to a “reasonable” fee. Accordingly, the Court will order

Defendant to pay Dr. Norden 40% of $800,000, or $320,000.5

IV. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant in part and deny in part Dr. Norden’s

motion for attorneys’ fees [Dkt. # 83]. The Court will order Defendant to pay Dr. Norden $320,000.

A memorializing Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

Date: December 11, 2009 /s/

ROSEMARY M. COLLYER

United States District Judge