# Patent

## Title
Golf club head or other ball striking device having impact-influencing body features

## Abstract

A golf club head or other ball striking device includes a face having a striking surface and being defined by an outer periphery, a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, and an inwardly recessed channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body, where the channel is elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion. The heel portion and the toe portion of the channel are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face, and a center portion of the channel is spaced a greater distance from the outer periphery of the face than the heel portion and the toe portion. The channel may be bowed or curved away from the face.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application claims priority to and is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/653,937, filed May 31, 2012, which application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety and made part hereof.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates generally to golf club heads and other ball striking devices that include impact influencing body features. Certain aspects of this invention relate to golf club heads and other ball striking devices that have a compression channel extending across at least a portion of the sole.
BACKGROUND
Golf clubs and many other ball striking devices may have various face and body features, as well as other characteristics, that can influence the use and performance of the device. For example, users may wish to have improved impact properties, such as increased coefficient of restitution (COR) in the face and/or increased size of the area of greatest response or COR (also known as the “hot zone”) of the face. The present devices and methods are provided to address at least some of these problems and other problems, and to provide advantages and aspects not provided by prior ball striking devices. A full discussion of the features and advantages of the present invention is deferred to the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF SUMMARY
The following presents a general summary of aspects of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. The following summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a general form as a prelude to the more detailed description provided below.
Aspects of the invention relate to a golf club head or other ball striking device including a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery, a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, and an inwardly recessed channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body, where the channel is elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion. The heel portion and the toe portion of the channel are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face, and a center portion of the channel is spaced a greater distance from the outer periphery of the face than the heel portion and the toe portion. The channel may be symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the body.
According to one aspect, the channel is defined by a front edge and a rear edge extending between the heel and toe portions, with a recessed trough defined between the front and rear edges, where at least one of the front and rear edges is curved or bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face. For example, both the front and rear edges may be curved or bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face in one configuration. The spacing between the front and rear edges may remain approximately equal between the heel and toe portions. Additionally, the front edge may have a first pair of ends proximate the heel and toe portions that are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face, and/or the rear edge may have a second pair of ends proximate the heel and toe portions that are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face.
According to another aspect, the channel includes two side walls extending inwardly into the body and a recessed trough forming a maximum depth of the channel, wherein the trough is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the trough has opposed ends that are positioned more proximate to the outer periphery of the face than a center of the trough.
According to a further aspect, the body further includes a spacing portion located between the channel and the outer periphery of the face, and the spacing portion may have a width that is greater at a center of the spacing portion and smaller proximate the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel. The width of the spacing portion may decrease by tapering from the center toward the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel, and the width of the spacing portion may be greatest at a geometric centerline of the body. Further, the width of the spacing portion may be approximately equal proximate the heel portion and the toe portion.
According to yet another aspect, the channel has a curvilinear cross sectional shape, with curvilinear side walls depending from front and rear edges of the channel to form a curvilinear trough.
According to a still further aspect, the device includes a hosel connected to the body, the hosel having adjustable interconnection structure configured for adjustable connection to a shaft. The body may have an access opening extending through the sole, the access opening providing access to the adjustable interconnection structure of the hosel through the sole.
Additional aspects of the invention relate to a golf club head or other ball striking device that includes a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery, a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, and a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body. The channel includes an inwardly recessed trough defined between a front edge and a rear edge extending in a heel-toe direction. The body further includes a spacing portion extending between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face and spacing the channel rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face. The spacing portion has a width, defined between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face, that is wider at a center of the spacing portion proximate a geometric centerline of the body and narrower at a first point more proximate to a heel of the body and at a second point more proximate to a toe of the body. This club head may further include any aspects described above.
Further aspects of the invention relate to a golf club head or other ball striking device that includes a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery, a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, and at least two channels extending across at least a portion of the sole. The device may include a first channel extending across at least a first portion of the sole of the body, where the first channel is elongated between a first heel portion and a first toe portion and/or is elongated in the heel-to-toe direction. The first channel includes a first inwardly recessed trough defined between a first front edge and a first rear edge extending between the first heel portion and the first toe portion. The device may also include a second channel extending across at least a second portion of the sole of the body, where the second channel is elongated between a second heel portion and a second toe portion, and/or is elongated in the heel-to-toe direction. The second channel includes a second inwardly recessed trough defined between a second front edge and a second rear edge extending between the second heel portion and the second toe portion. The first channel is spaced rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, and the second channel is spaced rearwardly from the first rear edge of the first channel. This club head may further include any aspects described above. For example, the first channel may be bowed or curved away from the face as described above.
According to one aspect, the device may further include a third channel extending across at least a third portion of the sole of the body, where the third channel is elongated between a third heel portion and a third toe portion and/or is elongated in the heel-to-toe direction. The third channel includes a third inwardly recessed trough defined between a third front edge and a third rear edge extending between the third heel portion and the third toe portion. The third channel may be spaced rearwardly from the second rear edge of the second channel. Additionally, some or all of the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel may be symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the body.
According to another aspect, the second channel and/or the third channel may have a polygonal cross-sectional shape. Additionally, the second channel may have a depth that tapers from the second front edge to the second rear edge, such that the depth proximate the second front edge is smaller and the depth is maximum proximate the second rear edge. The third channel may be similarly configured. Further, the first channel may have a smoothly curved cross-sectional shape.
Still further aspects of the invention relate to a golf club head or other ball striking device that includes a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery, a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, and a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body and being elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion. The channel includes an inwardly recessed trough defined between a front edge and a rear edge extending between the heel portion and the toe portion. The front and rear edges are curved rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the front and rear edges are each spaced rearwardly a different distance from the outer periphery of the face at a center portion of the channel as compared to at least one of the heel portion and the toe portion. Additionally, the body further includes a spacing portion located between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face, where the spacing portion has a width that is greater proximate the center portion of the channel and smaller proximate at least one of the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel. This club head may further include any aspects described above.
Other aspects of the invention relate to golf clubs including a golf club head as described above with a shaft connected to the head. The golf club head may be a wood-type golf club head in some aspects, and the resultant golf club may be a wood-type golf club.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the attached drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To allow for a more full understanding of the present invention, it will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a bottom rear perspective view of one embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf driver;
FIG. 2 is a top front perspective view of the ball striking device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the ball striking device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the ball striking device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf driver;
FIG. 6 is a bottom rear perspective view of another embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf fairway wood;
FIG. 7 is a top front perspective view of the ball striking device of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the ball striking device of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the ball striking device of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a bottom rear perspective view of another embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf hybrid;
FIG. 11 is a top front perspective view of the ball striking device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the ball striking device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a side view of the ball striking device of FIG. 10;
FIG. 14 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf driver; and
FIG. 15 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a ball striking device according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a golf driver.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description of various example structures according to the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration various example devices, systems, and environments in which aspects of the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other specific arrangements of parts, example devices, systems, and environments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Also, while the terms “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “side,” “rear,” and the like may be used in this specification to describe various example features and elements of the invention, these terms are used herein as a matter of convenience, e.g., based on the example orientations shown in the figures or the orientation during typical use. Additionally, the term “plurality,” as used herein, indicates any number greater than one, either disjunctively or conjunctively, as necessary, up to an infinite number. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three dimensional orientation of structures in order to fall within the scope of this invention. Also, the reader is advised that the attached drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
The following terms are used in this specification, and unless otherwise noted or clear from the context, these terms have the meanings provided below.
“Ball striking device” means any device constructed and designed to strike a ball or other similar objects (such as a hockey puck). In addition to generically encompassing “ball striking heads,” which are described in more detail below, examples of “ball striking devices” include, but are not limited to: golf clubs, putters, croquet mallets, polo mallets, baseball or softball bats, cricket bats, tennis rackets, badminton rackets, field hockey sticks, ice hockey sticks, and the like.
“Ball striking head” (or “head”) means the portion of a “ball striking device” that includes and is located immediately adjacent (optionally surrounding) the portion of the ball striking device designed to contact the ball (or other object) in use. In some examples, such as many golf clubs and putters, the ball striking head may be a separate and independent entity from any shaft member, and it may be attached to the shaft in some manner.
The term “shaft” includes the portion of a ball striking device (if any) that the user holds during a swing of a ball striking device.
“Integral joining technique” means a technique for joining two pieces so that the two pieces effectively become a single, integral piece, including, but not limited to, irreversible joining techniques, such as adhesively joining, cementing, welding, brazing, soldering, or the like, where separation of the joined pieces cannot be accomplished without structural damage thereto.
“Generally parallel” means that a first line, segment, plane, edge, surface, etc. is approximately (in this instance, within 5%) equidistant from with another line, plane, edge, surface, etc., over at least 50% of the length of the first line, segment, plane, edge, surface, etc.
In general, aspects of this invention relate to ball striking devices, such as golf club heads, golf clubs, and the like. Such ball striking devices, according to at least some examples of the invention, may include a ball striking head with a ball striking surface. In the case of a golf club, the ball striking surface is a substantially flat surface on one face of the ball striking head. Some more specific aspects of this invention relate to wood-type golf clubs and golf club heads, including fairway woods, hybrid clubs, and the like, as well as other wood-type golf clubs such as drivers, although aspects of this invention also may be practiced on iron-type clubs, putters, and other club types as well.
According to various aspects of this invention, the ball striking device may be formed of one or more of a variety of materials, such as metals (including metal alloys), ceramics, polymers, composites (including fiber-reinforced composites), and wood, and may be formed in one of a variety of configurations, without departing from the scope of the invention. In one illustrative embodiment, some or all components of the head, including the face and at least a portion of the body of the head, are made of metal (the term “metal,” as used herein, includes within its scope metal alloys). It is understood that the head may contain components made of several different materials, including carbon-fiber composites, polymer materials, and other components. Additionally, the components may be formed by various forming methods. For example, metal components (such as titanium, aluminum, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, steels (including stainless steels), and the like) may be formed by forging, molding, casting, stamping, machining, and/or other known techniques. In another example, composite components, such as carbon fiber-polymer composites, can be manufactured by a variety of composite processing techniques, such as prepreg processing, powder-based techniques, mold infiltration, and/or other known techniques. In a further example, polymer components, such as high strength polymers, can be manufactured by polymer processing techniques, such as various molding and casting techniques and/or other known techniques.
The various figures in this application illustrate examples of ball striking devices according to this invention. When the same reference number appears in more than one drawing, that reference number is used consistently in this specification and the drawings refer to the same or similar parts throughout.
At least some examples of ball striking devices according to this invention relate to golf club head structures, including heads for wood-type golf clubs, such as drivers, fairway woods and hybrid clubs, as well as other types of wood-type clubs, long iron clubs (e.g., driving irons, zero irons through five irons, and hybrid type golf clubs), short iron clubs (e.g., six irons through pitching wedges, as well as sand wedges, lob wedges, gap wedges, and/or other wedges), and putters. Such devices may include a one-piece construction or a multiple-piece construction. Example structures of ball striking devices according to this invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 1-4, which illustrate one illustrative embodiment of a ball striking device 100 in the form of a wood-type golf club (e.g. a driver), although it is understood that similar configurations may be used for other wood-type clubs, including a fairway wood (e.g., a 3-wood, 5-wood, 7-wood, etc.), as illustrated in FIGS. 6-9, or a hybrid club, as illustrated in FIGS. 10-13.
The golf club 100 shown in FIGS. 1-4 includes a ball striking head 102 configured to strike a ball in use and a shaft 104 connected to the ball striking head 102 and extending therefrom. FIGS. 1-4 illustrate one embodiment of a ball striking head 102 in the form of a golf club head 102 that has a face 112 connected to a body 108, with a hosel 109 extending therefrom and a shaft 104 connected to the hosel 109. Any desired hosel and/or head/shaft interconnection structure may be used without departing from this invention, including conventional hosel or other head/shaft interconnection structures as are known and used in the art, or an adjustable, releasable, and/or interchangeable hosel or other head/shaft interconnection structure such as those shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,269 dated May 10, 2005, in the name of Bruce D. Burrows, U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0011848, filed on Jul. 6, 2007, in the name of John Thomas Stites, et al., U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0011849, filed on Jul. 6, 2007, in the name of John Thomas Stites, et al., U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0011850, filed on Jul. 6, 2007, in the name of John Thomas Stites, et al., and U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0062029, filed on Aug. 28, 2007, in the name of John Thomas Stites, et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The head 102 may have an opening or other access 128 for the adjustable hosel 109 features that extends through the sole 118, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 3.
For reference, the head 102 generally has a top or crown 116, a bottom or sole 118, a heel 120 proximate the hosel 109, a toe 122 distal from the hosel 109, a front 124, and a back or rear 126, as shown in FIGS. 1-4. The shape and design of the head 102 may be partially dictated by the intended use of the golf club 100. For example, it is understood that the sole 118 is configured to face the playing surface in use. With clubs that are configured to be capable of hitting a ball resting directly on the playing surface, such as a fairway wood, hybrid, iron, etc., the sole 118 may contact the playing surface in use, and features of the club may be designed accordingly. In the club 100 shown in FIGS. 1-4, the head 102 has an enclosed volume, as the club 100 is a wood-type club designed for use as a driver, intended to hit the ball long distances. In other applications, such as for a different type of golf club, the head 102 may be designed to have different dimensions and configurations. For example, when configured as a driver, the club head 102 may have a volume of at least 400 cc, and in some structures, at least 450 cc, or even at least 460 cc. If instead configured as a fairway wood (e.g., FIGS. 6-9), the head may have a volume of 120 cc to 230 cc, and if configured as a hybrid club (e.g., FIGS. 10-13), the head may have a volume of 85 cc to 140 cc. Other appropriate sizes for other club heads may be readily determined by those skilled in the art. The club head 102 loft angle also may vary, e.g., depending on the shot distance desired for the club head 102.
The body 108 of the head 102 can have various different shapes, including a rounded shape, as in the head 102 shown in FIGS. 1-4, a squared or rectangular shape, or any other of a variety of other shapes. It is understood that such shapes may be configured to distribute weight in any desired, manner, e.g., away from the face 112 and/or the geometric/volumetric center of the head 102, in order to create a lower center of gravity and/or a higher moment of inertia.
In the illustrative embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, the head 102 has a hollow structure defining an inner cavity (not shown) (e.g., defined by the face 112 and the body 108) with a plurality of inner surfaces defined therein. In one embodiment, the inner cavity may be filled with air. However, in other embodiments, the head 102 could be filled with another material, such as foam. In still further embodiments, the solid materials of the head may occupy a greater proportion of the volume, and the head may have a smaller cavity or no inner cavity at all. It is understood that the inner cavity may not be completely enclosed in some embodiments.
The face 112 is located at the front 124 of the head 102 and has a ball striking surface (or striking surface) 110 located thereon and an inner surface (not shown) opposite the ball striking surface 110, as illustrated in FIG. 2. The ball striking surface 110 is typically an outer surface of the face 112 configured to face a ball in use and is adapted to strike the ball when the golf club 100 is set in motion, such as by swinging. As shown, the ball striking surface 110 is relatively flat, occupying at least a majority of the face 112. The face 112 has an outer periphery formed of a plurality of outer or peripheral edges, including a top edge 113, a bottom edge 115, and lateral edges (including heel edge 117 and toe edge 119). The edges of the face 112 may be defined as the boundaries of an area of the face 112 that is specifically designed to contact the ball in use, and may be recognized as the boundaries of an area of the face 112 that is intentionally shaped and configured to be suited for ball contact. The face 112 may include some curvature in the top to bottom and/or heel to toe directions (e.g., bulge and roll characteristics), as is known and is conventional in the art. In other embodiments, the surface 110 may occupy a different proportion of the face 112, or the body 108 may have multiple ball striking surfaces 110 thereon. In the illustrative embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the ball striking surface 110 is inclined with respect to the ground or contact surface (i.e., at a loft angle), to give the ball a desired lift and spin when struck. In other illustrative embodiments, the ball striking surface 110 may have a different incline or loft angle, to affect the trajectory of the ball. Additionally, the face 112 may have a variable thickness and also may have one or more internal or external inserts and/or supports in some embodiments.
It is understood that the face 112, the body 108, and/or the hosel 109 can be formed as a single piece or as separate pieces that are joined together. The face 112 may be formed as a face plate member with the body 108 being partially or wholly formed by one or more separate pieces connected to the face plate member. The face 112 may alternately be formed as part of a face frame member with the body 108 being partially or wholly formed by one or more separate pieces connected to the face frame member, with a wall or walls extending rearward from the edges of the face 112 (these rearward extending walls also may be referred to as a “return portion”). This configuration may also be known as a “cup face” structure in some configurations. The face frame member may also have an L-shaped configuration. Additionally, at least a portion of the body 108 may be formed as a separate piece or pieces joined to the wall(s) of the face frame member, such as by a backbody member attached to the cup face structure, composed of a single piece or multiple pieces. These pieces may be connected by an integral joining technique, such as welding, cementing, or adhesively joining Other known techniques for joining these parts can be used as well, including many mechanical joining techniques, including releasable mechanical engagement techniques. If desired, the hosel 109 may be integrally formed as part of the face frame member. Further, a gasket (not shown) may be included between the cup face structure and the backbody member.
The golf club 100 may include a shaft 104 connected to or otherwise engaged with the ball striking head 102 as shown in FIG. 2. The shaft 104 is adapted to be gripped by a user to swing the golf club 100 to strike the ball. The shaft 104 can be formed as a separate piece connected to the head 102, such as by connecting to the hosel 109, as shown in FIG. 1. In other illustrative embodiments, at least a portion of the shaft 104 may be an integral piece with the head 102, and/or the head 102 may not contain a hosel 109 or may contain an internal hosel structure. Still further embodiments are contemplated without departing from the scope of the invention. The shaft 104 may be constructed from one or more of a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, or wood. In some illustrative embodiments, the shaft 104, or at least portions thereof, may be constructed of a metal, such as stainless steel or titanium, or a composite, such as a carbon/graphite fiber-polymer composite. However, it is contemplated that the shaft 104 may be constructed of different materials without departing from the scope of the invention, including conventional materials that are known and used in the art. A grip element (not shown) may be positioned on the shaft 104 to provide a golfer with a slip resistant surface with which to grasp golf club shaft 104. The grip element may be attached to the shaft 104 in any desired manner, including in conventional manners known and used in the art (e.g., via adhesives or cements, threads or other mechanical connectors, swedging/swaging, etc.).
In general, the ball striking heads 102 according to the present invention include features on the body 108 that influence the impact of a ball on the face 112, such as one or more compression channels 140 positioned on the body 108 of the head 102 that allow at least a portion of the body 108 to flex, produce a reactive force, and/or change the behavior or motion of the face 112, during impact of a ball on the face 112. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the compression channel 140 is curved or bowed away from the outer periphery of the face 112. In the golf club 100 shown in FIGS. 1-4, the head 102 includes a single channel 140 located on the sole 118 of the head 102. As described below, this channel 140 permits compression and flexing of the body 108 during impact on the face 112, and can also produce a reactive force that can be transferred to the ball. This illustrative embodiment is described in greater detail below.
The golf club 100 shown in FIGS. 1-4 includes a compression channel 140 positioned on the sole 118 of the head 102, and which may extend continuously across at least a portion of the sole 118. In other embodiments, the head 102 may have a channel 140 positioned differently, such as on the crown 116, the heel 120, and/or the toe 122. It is also understood that the head 102 may have more than one channel 140, or may have an annular channel extending around the entire or substantially the entire head 102. As illustrated in FIGS. 1-4, the channel 140 of this example structure is elongated, extending between a first end 142 located proximate the heel 120 of the head 102 and a second end 144 located proximate the toe 122 of the head 102. The channel 140 has a boundary that is defined by a first or front edge 146 and a second or rear edge 148 that extend between the ends 140, 142. In this embodiment, the channel 140 extends adjacent to and along the bottom edge 115 of the face 112, and further extends into the heel 120 and toe 122 areas of the head 102. As seen in FIGS. 1-4, the channel 140 is substantially symmetrically positioned on the head 102 in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the channel 140 may be oriented and/or positioned differently. For example, the channel 140 may be oriented adjacent to a different edge of the face 112, and at least a portion of the channel 140 may be parallel or generally parallel to one or more of the edges of the face 112. The size and shape of the compression channel 140 also may vary widely without departing from this invention.
The channel 140 is recessed inwardly with respect to the immediately adjacent surfaces of the head 102 that extend from and/or are in contact with the edges 146, 148 of the channel 140, as shown in FIGS. 1-4. The channel 140 in this embodiment has a curved and generally semi-circular cross-sectional shape or profile, with a trough 150 and sloping, depending side walls 152 that are smoothly curvilinear, extending from the trough 150 to the respective edges 146, 148 of the channel 140. The trough 150 forms the deepest (i.e. most inwardly-recessed) portion of the channel 140 in this embodiment. It is understood that the channel 140 may have a different cross-sectional shape or profile, such as having a sharper and/or more polygonal (e.g. rectangular) shape in another embodiment. Additionally, the channel 140 may generally taper in depth so that the trough 150 has a greater depth at and around a center portion 130 of the channel 140 and is shallower at heel and toe portions 131, 132 of the channel 140. The channel 140 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 generally extends around the edges of the sole 118 to some degree, although the deepest portion of the channel 140 (i.e. the trough 150) is located only near the front 124 of the head 102, and the rear portions of the channel 140 have a much shallower depth. Further, the channel 140 may have ridges or swales 158 located at the heel and toe portions 131, 132 of the channel 140. The ridges 158 generally define a boundary of the deepest portion of the channel 140 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4.
Additionally, in one embodiment, the wall thickness of the body 108 may be reduced at the channel 140, as compared to the thickness at other locations of the body 108, to provide for increased flexibility at the channel 140. In one embodiment, the wall thickness in the channel 140 is from 0.8-1.5 mm.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the channel 140 is spaced from the bottom edge 115 of the face 112, with a spacing portion 154 defined between the channel 140 and the bottom edge 115. The spacing portion 154 is located immediately adjacent the channel 140 and junctures with one of the side walls 152 of the channel 140 along the front edge 146 of the channel 140, as shown in FIGS. 1-4. In this embodiment, the spacing portion 154 is oriented at an acute (i.e. <90°) angle to the ball striking surface 110 and extends rearward from the bottom edge 115 of the face 112 to the channel 140. Force from an impact on the face 112 can be transferred to the channel 140 through the spacing portion 154, as described below. In other embodiments, the spacing portion 154 may be oriented at a right angle or an obtuse angle to the ball striking surface 110, and/or the spacing portion 154 may be smaller than shown in FIGS. 1-4 or absent entirely. The spacing portion 154 is generally flattened in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. If desired, as another example, a smoothly curved surface may extend from the bottom edge 115 of the face 112 directly into the interior side walls 152 of the channel 140.
In one embodiment, the channel 140, or at least a portion thereof, is curved or bowed. The head 102 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 has a channel 140 that generally has a center portion 130 that is curved and bowed rearwardly, i.e. away from the face 112, and is spaced rearwardly a greater distance from the face 112 than adjacent portions of the channel 140. As seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, in this embodiment, the channel 140 has a heel portion 131 and a toe portion 132 that are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face 112 and the center portion 130 that is spaced a greater distance from the face 112 than the heel or toe portions 131, 132. The center portion 130 in this embodiment is generally symmetrical and generally aligned with the geometric centerline of the body 108, however this arrangement and alignment may be different in other embodiments, depending at least in part on the geometry and symmetry of the body 108.
The front and rear edges 146, 148 of the channel 140 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 are both curved and bowed away from the face 112. In this configuration, the edges 146, 148 are both spaced farther rearwardly from the face 112 at the center portion 130 as compared to opposed ends of each of the edges 146, 148, which may be located at the heel and toe portions 131, 132 and are positioned more closely to the periphery of the face 112. Additionally, the degrees of curving and bowing of the edges 146, 148 are slightly different in this embodiment, so that the width (measured in the front 124 to rear 126 direction) of the channel 140 is slightly larger at the center portion 130 and slightly narrower at the heel and toe portions 131, 132. In other embodiments, only one of the edges 146, 148 may be curved and/or bowed, and the width of the channel 140 may vary in a different manner, such as if one of the edges 146, 148 is curved and/or bowed to a much greater degree than the other. In another embodiment, the width of the channel 140 may be consistent and approximately equal from the heel portion 131 to the toe portion 132. In an alternate embodiment, one or both of the edges 146, 148 may be bowed toward the face 112, rather than away from the face 112. Further, the width (measured in the front 124 to rear 126 direction) of the spacing portion 154 also varies with the bowed front edge 146 of the channel 140, such that the width is greater at the center of the spacing portion 154 (proximate the center portion 130) and smaller proximate the heel portion 131 and the toe portion 132 of the channel 140. As seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, the width of the spacing portion 154 decreases by tapering from the center and becomes smaller toward the heel portion 131 and the toe portion 132 of the channel 140. The spacing portion 154 has the greatest width at approximately the geometric centerline of the body 108 and is generally symmetrical with respect to the geometric centerline in this embodiment as well. In other embodiments, the configuration of the spacing portion 154 may be different.
The deepest part of the channel 140, represented by the trough 150, also has a curved and bowed configuration in one embodiment, such as the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4. In this embodiment, the trough 150 has opposed ends (e.g. at the heel and toe portions 131, 132) that are more proximate to the periphery of the face 112 than the center of the trough 150 (e.g. at the center portion 130). Additionally, the trough 150 of the channel 140 in this embodiment is generally curved and bowed similarly to the front and rear edges 146, 148 of the channel 140, such that the trough 150 remains generally equidistant from the front and rear edges 146, 148 between the heel and toe portions 131, 132. In another embodiment, the side walls 152 of the channel 140 may be contoured differently, such that the trough 150 is curved and/or bowed differently. For example, in one configuration, one or both of the front and rear edges 146, 148 may be curved, while the trough 150 may not be curved, and in another configuration, the front and rear edges 146, 148 may not be curved, while the trough 150 may be curved. In a further configuration, the trough 150 may be curved and/or bowed in an opposite manner to one or both of the edges 146, 148. Still other configurations are possible.
In one embodiment, part or all of the channel 140 may have surface texturing or another surface treatment that affects the properties of the channel 140. For example, certain surface treatments, such as peening, coating, etc., may increase the stiffness of the channel and reduce flexing. As another example, other surface treatments may be used to create greater flexibility in the channel 140. As a further example, surface treatments may increase the smoothness of the channel 140 and/or the smoothness of transitions (e.g. the edges 146, 148) of the channel 140, which can influence aerodynamics, interaction with playing surfaces, visual appearance, etc. Further surface texturing or other surface treatments may be used as well.
The compression channel 140 of the head 102 shown in FIGS. 1-4 can influence the impact of a ball (not shown) on the face 112 of the head 102, as similarly described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/015,264, filed Jan. 27, 2011, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In one embodiment, the channel 140 can influence the impact by flexing and/or compressing in response to the impact on the face 112, and/or by exerting a reaction force on the face 112 during impact. For example, when the ball impacts the face 112, the face 112 flexes inwardly. Additionally, some of the impact force is transferred through the spacing portion 154 to the channel 140, causing the sole 118 to flex at the channel 140. This flexing of the channel 140 may result in a smaller degree of deformation of the ball as compared to a traditional head, which can assist in achieving greater impact efficiency and greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. The more gradual impact created by the flexing also creates a longer impact time, which can also result in greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. Further, as the compressed channel 140 expands to return to its initial shape, a responsive or reactive force is exerted on the face 112, creating an increased “trampoline” effect, which can result in greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. Still further, because the channel 140 extends toward the heel 120 and toe 122, the head 102 can achieve increased energy and velocity transfer to the ball for impacts that are away from the center or traditional “sweet spot” of the face 112. It is understood that a channel 140 may be additionally or alternately incorporated into the crown 116 and/or sides 120, 122 of the body 108 in order to produce similar effects for energy and velocity transfer. For example, in one embodiment, the head 102 may have one or more channels 140 extending completely or substantially completely around the periphery of the body 108, such as shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/308,036, filed Nov. 30, 2011, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. At least a portion of a channel 140 in this configuration may be curved or bowed away from the outer periphery of the face 112, as described above, and the channel 140 may have such curved/bowed portions on both the top 116 and the sole 118 in one embodiment. It is understood that the head 102 may have one or more channels 140 in a different configuration in other embodiments.
The curved and/or bowed configuration of the channel 140 may assist in controlling the flexing of the channel 140 and/or achieving a desired flexibility. For example, certain features of the head 102 (e.g. the access 128) may influence the flexibility of the channel 140, and the curved/bowed configuration of the channel 140 may assist in retaining the same flexibility as the channel 140 would have without the features in question. As another example, the curved/bowed configuration of the channel 140 may assist in achieving a desired flexibility for the channel 140, such as for a particular application. Other effects and properties may be achieved by channels 140 that are curved/bowed as shown in FIGS. 1-4 or in other configurations, and the configuration of the channel 140 may work in conjunction with other features to influence the flexibility of the channel 140.
In another embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, the head 102 may further include one or more weight members 133 located on the sole 118. These weight members 133 may be releasable and interchangeable, such as by having a snapping connection, a threaded connection, a locking connection (e.g. quarter-turn or half-turn), or other such connection, in order to permit interchanging of the weight members 133 with other weight members 133 having different weights. In another embodiment, the weight members 133 may be more permanently connected to the head 102. It is understood that such weight members permit selective weighting of the head 102, to achieve a desired weight and/or weight distribution.
FIGS. 6-9 illustrate another embodiment of a club head 202 according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a fairway wood, having a channel 140 as described above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. FIGS. 10-13 illustrate another embodiment of a club head 302 according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of a hybrid club head, having a channel 140 as described above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. The heads 202, 302 in the embodiments of FIGS. 6-9 and FIGS. 10-13 generally have components and features that are similar to the head 102 as described above and shown in FIGS. 1-4, and such similar components and features are identified in FIGS. 6-13 using the same reference numerals as used above and in FIGS. 1-4. Additionally, such similar components and features may not be described again in detail for the sake of brevity. The heads 202, 302 in these embodiments may also produce some or all of the same benefits articulated herein with respect to the head 102 of FIGS. 1-4.
In general, the heads 202, 302 of FIGS. 6-13 each include a channel 140 that is curved and/or bowed as described above with respect to the channel 140 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. The embodiments of FIGS. 6-13 each include a channel 140 that generally has a center portion 130 that is curved and bowed rearwardly, i.e. away from the face 112, and is spaced rearwardly a greater distance from the face 112 than adjacent portions of the channel 140, with heel and toe portions 131, 132 that are located closer to the face 112 than the center portion 130. In these embodiments, the front and rear edges 146, 148 and the trough 150 of each channel 140 are curved and bowed rearwardly, as similarly described above with respect to the channel 140 shown in FIGS. 1-4. Additionally, in the embodiments of FIGS. 6-13, the degrees of curving and bowing of the edges 146, 148 are slightly different, so that the width (measured in the front 124 to rear 126 direction) of each channel 140 is slightly larger at the center portion 130 and slightly narrower at the heel and toe portions 131, 132, as also similarly described above. Further, the spacing portion 154 in each of the embodiments of FIGS. 6-13 is wider proximate the center portion 130 and narrower proximate the heel and toe portions 131, 132 of the channel 140, as also similarly described above. It is understood that any of the variations, modifications, additional features, additional or alternate embodiments, etc., described above with respect to the head 102 of FIGS. 1-4 may be incorporated into the head 202 of FIGS. 6-9 or the head 302 of FIGS. 7-13.
FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate further embodiments of club heads 402, 502 according to aspects of the present invention, in the form of golf drivers. The heads 402, 502 include at least some components and features that are similar to the head 102 as described above and shown in FIGS. 1-4, and such similar components and features are identified in FIGS. 14-15 using the same reference numerals as used above and in FIGS. 1-4. Additionally, such similar components and features may not be described again in detail for the sake of brevity. The heads 402, 502 in these embodiments may also produce some or all of the same benefits articulated herein with respect to the head 102 of FIGS. 1-4.
The head 402 of FIG. 14 includes a channel 140 that is substantially the same as or identical to the channel 140 of the head 102 of FIGS. 1-4, and may include any of the features and components of the head 102 and the channel 140 described above, including any variations, modifications, additional features, additional or alternate embodiments, etc., described above. The head 502 of FIG. 15 includes a channel 140 that is similar to the channel 140 of FIGS. 1-4, but is generally parallel to the outer periphery of the face 112, including being generally parallel to at least the bottom edge 115 of the face 112. The head 502 of FIG. 15 may include any of the features and components of the head 102 and the channel 140 described above, including any variations, modifications, additional features, additional or alternate embodiments, etc., described above.
The heads 402, 502 of FIGS. 14-15 each include additional channels 160 located on the sole 118, spaced farther rearwardly from the compression channel 140 near the face 112. Each of these additional channels 160 can influence the response, flexing, and other properties of the face 112 and may alter the response force exerted by the channel 140 on the face 112 during impact. In the embodiments of FIGS. 14-15, the additional channels 160 act as internal stiffening ribs to increase the stiffness of the sole 118 and control the flexing of the channel 140 to limit the degree of flexing of the channel 140 during impact. Further, the additional channels 160 may act to provide a foundational “base” for the channel 140, to focus flexing of the sole 118 at the channel 140, rather than other areas of the sole 118. In another embodiment, the head 402, 502 may have stiffening ribs similar to the additional channels 160 that project outwardly from the body 108, rather than inwardly. It is understood that the features of the heads 402, 502 of FIGS. 14-15, including the additional channels/stiffening ribs 160 and any variations, modifications, additional features, additional or alternate embodiments, etc., thereof, may be used in connection with the heads 202, 302 of FIGS. 6-13 or any other embodiments as described herein.
Each of the additional channels 160 in the embodiments of FIGS. 14-15 has an inwardly recessed trough 161 that is defined between a front edge 162 and a rear edge 163 that extend in the heel 120 to toe 122 direction, such that the additional channels 160 are elongated in the heel 120 to toe 122 direction. In this configuration, each of the additional channels 160 has a heel portion 164 on the side most proximate the heel 120 and a toe portion 165 on the side most proximate the toe 122. The first additional channel 160 (the second overall channel) is spaced rearwardly from the rear edge 148 of the channel 140, and the second additional channel 160 (the third overall channel) is spaced rearwardly from the rear edge 163 of the first additional channel 160. Additionally, in this embodiment, the front and rear edges 162, 163 of each of the additional channels 160 are relatively straight, and the additional channels 160 each have a trapezoidal or other polygonal outer shape. Further, in this embodiment, each of the additional channels 160 has a tapering depth that gradually increases from the front edge 162 to the rear edge 163, such that the maximum depth of the trough 161 is located proximate the rear edge 163. This tapering depth may give the additional channels 160 a polygonal cross-sectional shape as well. Still further, the additional channels 160 in this embodiment are substantially symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the head 102 (e.g. extending in the front 124 to rear 126 direction). It is understood that the additional channels 160 may have different shapes, locations, orientations, and/or configurations in other embodiments, and that other embodiments may include a different number of additional channels 160.
Still other embodiments of compression channels 140 can be incorporated into a head 102 of the present invention. Further, it is understood that one or more different features of any of the heads 102, 202, 302, 402, 502 and the channels 140 described above with respect to FIGS. 1-15 can be combined in any combination in other embodiments.
Heads 102, et seq., incorporating the channels 140 disclosed herein may be used as a ball striking device or a part thereof. For example, a golf club 100 as shown in FIGS. 1-4 may be manufactured by attaching a shaft or handle 104 to a head that is provided, such as the heads 102, et seq., as described above. “Providing” the head, as used herein, refers broadly to making an article available or accessible for future actions to be performed on the article, and does not connote that the party providing the article has manufactured, produced, or supplied the article or that the party providing the article has ownership or control of the article. Additionally, a set of golf clubs including one or more clubs 100 having heads 102, et seq., as described above may be provided. In other embodiments, different types of ball striking devices can be manufactured according to the principles described herein. Additionally, the heads 102, et seq., golf club 100, or other ball striking device may be fitted or customized for a person, such as by attaching a shaft 104 thereto having a particular length, flexibility, etc., or by adjusting or interchanging an already attached shaft 104 as described above.
The ball striking devices and heads therefor as described herein provide many benefits and advantages over existing products. For example, the flexing of the sole 118 at the channel 140 results in a smaller degree of deformation of the ball, which in turn can result in greater impact efficiency and greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. As another example, the more gradual impact created by the flexing can create a longer impact time, which can also result in greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. As a further example, the responsive or reactive force exerted on the face 112 as the compressed channel 140 expands to return to its initial shape is imparted to the ball, which can result in greater energy and velocity transfer to the ball during impact. Still further, because the channel 140 extends toward the heel and toe edges 117, 119 of the face 112, the head 102, et seq., can achieve increased energy and velocity transfer to the ball for impacts that are away from the center or traditional “sweet spot” of the face 112. As an additional example, the features described herein may result in improved feel of the golf club 100 for the golfer, when striking the ball. Additionally, the configuration of the channel 140 may work in conjunction with other features (e.g. the additional channels 160, the access 128, etc.) to influence the overall flexibility and response of the channel 140, as well as the effect the channel 140 has on the response of the face 112. Further benefits and advantages are recognized by those skilled in the art.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and methods. Thus, the spirit and scope of the invention should be construed broadly as set forth in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A ball striking device comprising:
a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery;
a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole, wherein the body and the face combine to define an internal cavity, and the body has an interior surface within the internal cavity and an exterior surface opposite the interior surface; and
a channel extending across at least a portion of an exterior surface of the sole of the body, wherein the channel has a front edge and a rear edge and is elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion, and wherein the channel is inwardly recessed from the exterior surface of the sole, such that the channel has side walls extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the body,
wherein the heel portion and the toe portion are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face and wherein a center portion of the channel is spaced a greater distance from the outer periphery of the face than the heel portion and the toe portion, and wherein the front edge and the rear edge of the channel are contoured relative to the face such that the front and rear edges have a convex curvature at the heel portion of the channel transitioning to a concave curvature at the center portion of the channel and transitioning to a convex curvature at the toe portion of the channel, such that both the front and rear edges of the channel curve rearwardly at the heel portion and the toe portion.

2. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the channel is symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the body.

3. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the channel has a recessed trough defined between the front and rear edges, and wherein at least one of the front and rear edges is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face.

4. The ball striking device of claim 3, wherein both the front and rear edges are bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face.

5. The ball striking device of claim 3, wherein a spacing between the front and rear edges remains approximately equal between the heel and toe portions.

6. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the channel comprises two side walls extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the sole into the body and a recessed trough forming a maximum depth of the channel, wherein the trough is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the trough has opposed ends that are positioned more proximate to the outer periphery of the face than a center of the trough.

7. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the body further comprises a spacing portion located between the channel and the outer periphery of the face, wherein the spacing portion has a width that is greater at a center of the spacing portion and smaller proximate the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel.

8. The ball striking device of claim 7, wherein the width of the spacing portion decreases by tapering from the center toward the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel.

9. The ball striking device of claim 7, wherein the width of the spacing portion is greatest at a geometric centerline of the body.

10. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the channel has a curvilinear cross sectional shape, with curvilinear side walls depending from front and rear edges of the channel to form a curvilinear trough.

11. The ball striking device of claim 1, further comprising a hosel connected to the body, the hosel having adjustable interconnection structure configured for adjustable connection to a shaft, wherein the body has an access opening extending through the sole, the access opening providing access to the adjustable interconnection structure of the hosel through the sole.

12. A golf club comprising the ball striking device of claim 1 and a shaft connected to the ball striking device.

13. A ball striking device comprising:
a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery;
a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole; and
a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body and being elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion, the channel comprising a trough that is inwardly recessed from the exterior surface of the sole and is defined between a front edge and a rear edge extending across the exterior surface of the sole between the heel portion and the toe portion, wherein the channel has side walls extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the sole at the front and rear edges of the channel to form the trough,
wherein the front edge has a first pair of ends proximate the heel and toe portions that are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face and the rear edge has a second pair of ends proximate the heel and toe portions that are spaced rearwardly approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face, and
wherein the front and rear edges are curved rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that a first center portion of the front edge is spaced rearwardly a greater distance from the outer periphery of the face than the first pair of ends, and a second center portion of the rear edge is spaced rearwardly a greater distance from the outer periphery of the face than the second pair of ends, and wherein the front edge and the rear edge of the channel are contoured relative to the face such that the front and rear edges have a convex contour at the heel portion of the channel transitioning to a concave contour at a center portion of the channel and transitioning to a convex contour at the toe portion of the channel, such that both the front and rear edges of the channel curve rearwardly at the heel portion and the toe portion.

14. The ball striking device of claim 13, wherein the channel is symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the body.

15. The ball striking device of claim 13, wherein a spacing between the front and rear edges remains approximately equal between the heel and toe portions.

16. The ball striking device of claim 13, wherein the channel comprises two side walls extending inwardly into the body from the front and rear edges to the trough, wherein the trough forms a maximum depth of the channel, and wherein the trough is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the trough has opposed ends that are positioned more proximate to the outer periphery of the face than a center of the trough.

17. The ball striking device of claim 13, wherein the body further comprises a spacing portion located between the channel and the outer periphery of the face, wherein the spacing portion has a width that is greater at a center of the spacing portion and smaller proximate the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel.

18. The ball striking device of claim 17, wherein the width of the spacing portion decreases by tapering from the center toward the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel.

19. The ball striking device of claim 17, wherein the width of the spacing portion is greatest at a geometric centerline of the body.

20. The ball striking device of claim 13, wherein the channel has a curvilinear cross sectional shape, with curvilinear side walls depending from front and rear edges of the channel to form a curvilinear trough.

21. A golf club comprising the ball striking device of claim 13 and a shaft connected to the ball striking device.

22. A ball striking device comprising:
a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery;
a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole; and
a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body, the channel comprising an inwardly recessed from the exterior surface of the sole and is defined between a front edge and a rear edge extending across the exterior surface of the sole in a heel-toe direction, wherein the channel has side walls extending inwardly form the exterior surface of the sole at the front and rear edges of the channel to form the trough,
wherein the body further comprises a spacing portion extending between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face and spacing the channel rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, wherein the spacing portion has a width, defined between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face, that is wider at a center of the spacing portion proximate a geometric centerline of the body and narrower at a first point more proximate to a heel of the body and at a second point more proximate to a toe of the body, and
wherein the front edge and the rear edge of the channel are contoured relative to the face such that the front and rear edges have a convex contour at a heel portion of the channel transitioning to a concave contour at a center portion of the channel and transitioning to a convex contour at a toe portion of the channel, such that both the front and rear edges of the channel curve rearwardly at the heel portion and the toe portion.

23. The ball striking device of claim 22, wherein the width of the spacing portion decreases by tapering from the center toward the first point and the second point.

24. The ball striking device of claim 22, wherein the width of the spacing portion is greatest at a geometric centerline of the body.

25. The ball striking device of claim 22, wherein the channel and the spacing portion are symmetrical with respect to a geometric centerline of the body.

26. The ball striking device of claim 22, wherein the front edge of the channel is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face such that a distance between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face is smaller proximate the first point and the second point and larger proximate the center.

27. The ball striking device of claim 26, wherein both the front and rear edges are bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face.

28. The ball striking device of claim 22, wherein the channel has a curvilinear cross sectional shape, with curvilinear side walls depending from front and rear edges of the channel to form a curvilinear trough.

29. A golf club comprising the ball striking device of claim 22 and a shaft connected to the ball striking device.

30. A golf club head comprising:
a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery;
a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, such that the body and the face combine to define an internal cavity, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole; and
a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body and being elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion, the channel comprising a front edge and a rear edge across the exterior surface of the sole between the heel portion and the toe portion and a trough that is inwardly recessed from the exterior surface of the sole and is defined between the front and rear edges, wherein the channel has side walls extending inwardly form the exterior surface of the sole at the front and rear edges of the channel to form the trough,
wherein the front and rear edges are bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the front and rear edges are spaced greater distances from the outer periphery of the face at a center portion of the channel as compared to the heel portion and the toe portion, and wherein the front edge and the rear edge of the channel are contoured relative to the face such that the front and rear edges have a convex curvature at the heel portion of the channel transitioning to a concave curvature at the center portion of the channel and transitioning to a convex curvature at the toe portion of the channel, such that both the front and rear edges of the channel curve rearwardly at the heel portion and the toe portion.

31. The golf club head of claim 30, wherein the body further comprises a spacing portion extending between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face and spacing the channel rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, wherein the spacing portion has a width, defined between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face, that is wider at a center of the spacing portion proximate a geometric centerline of the body and narrower proximate the heel and toe portions of the channel.

32. The golf club head of claim 30, wherein the front edge is spaced approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face at the heel and toe portions, and the rear edge is spaced approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face at the heel and toe portions.

33. The golf club head of claim 30, wherein the trough forms a maximum depth of the channel, and wherein the trough is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the trough has opposed ends that are positioned more proximate to the outer periphery of the face than a center of the trough.

34. A golf club comprising the golf club head of claim 30 and a shaft connected to the golf club head.

35. A golf club head comprising:
a face having a striking surface configured for striking a ball, the face being defined by an outer periphery;
a body connected to the face and extending rearwardly from the outer periphery of the face, the body having a sole configured to face a playing surface and a crown opposite the sole; and
a channel extending across at least a portion of the sole of the body and being elongated between a heel portion and a toe portion, the channel comprising a trough that is inwardly recessed from the exterior surface of the sole and is defined between a front edge and a rear edge extending across the exterior surface of the sole between the heel portion and the toe portion, wherein the channel has side walls extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the sole at the front and rear edges of the channel to form the trough,
wherein the front and rear edges are curved rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the front and rear edges are each spaced rearwardly a different distance from the outer periphery of the face at a center portion of the channel as compared to at least one of the heel portion and the toe portion, and wherein the front edge and the rear edge of the channel are contoured relative to the face such that the front and rear edges have a convex curvature at the heel portion of the channel transitioning to a concave curvature at the center portion of the channel and transitioning to a convex curvature at the toe portion of the channel, such that both the front and rear edges of the channel curve rearwardly at the heel portion and the toe portion, and
wherein the body further comprises a spacing portion located between the front edge of the channel and the outer periphery of the face, wherein the spacing portion has a width that is greater proximate the center portion of the channel and smaller proximate at least one of the heel portion and the toe portion of the channel.

36. The golf club head of claim 35, wherein the front edge is spaced approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face at the heel and toe portions, and the rear edge is spaced approximately equal distances from the outer periphery of the face at the heel and toe portions.

37. The golf club head of claim 35, wherein the trough forms a maximum depth of the channel, and wherein the trough is bowed rearwardly away from the outer periphery of the face, such that the trough has opposed ends that are positioned more proximate to the outer periphery of the face than a center of the trough.

38. A golf club comprising the golf club head of claim 35 and a shaft connected to the golf club head.

39. The ball striking device of claim 1, wherein the side walls extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the body creates a raised potion on the interior surface of the body.