S5852 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 27, 1995

I believe we should know what we are

doing in terms of its total impact.

I ask that the Washington Monthly

item be printed in the RECORD.

The article follows:

Guess what the fastest growing business in

America is? Gambling. About $330 billion was

legally bet last year, reports NBC’s Roger

O’Neil, which is more than the defense budget and about what Social Security costs.

Thirty-seven states and the District of Columbia have legalized lotteries; 20 states

have casinos that are owned by Native Americans; and 10 states have licensed either casinos or riverboats. In Iowa, every man,

women, and child is within a two-hour drive

of a casino. Here in the District of Columbia,

the lottery is pushed by hard-sell television

commercials designed to encourage gambling. This is crazy. It’s also evil. Why not

have state-sponsored opium dens with TV

commercials promoting blissful oblivion?

There is a reasonable argument for the state

to offer gambling and dope to those who are

determined to partake of those dubious

pleasures, but it is outrageous to advertise

them in a way that could tempt those who

might otherwise choose to say no. . . .

f ∑

TRIBUTE TO ADM. STANLEY

ARTHUR

∑ Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise

today to recognize the dedication, public service and patriotism of Adm.

Stanley Arthur, USN, vice chief of

naval operations, who has served our

Nation so well over the 37-year career.

Admiral Arthur will retire from the

Navy on June 1, 1995.

A native of San Diego, CA, Admiral

Arthur entered the U.S. Navy through

the Naval Reserve Officer Training

Corps Program from Miami University

and was commissioned in June of 1957.

Designated a naval aviator in 1958, he

reported to VS–21 and later was a

plank owner of VS–29. Admiral Arthur

attended the Naval Postgraduate

School where he earned a degree in

aeronautical engineering and was assigned as weapons project officer with

VX–1.

Following a tour on U.S.S.

Bennington (CVS–20), he reported to

VA–55 aboard U.S.S. Hancock (CVA–19).

Following that tour, he reported to

VA–122 as an A–7 Corsair instructor

pilot and maintenance officer.

In 1971, Admiral Arthur reported to

VA–164 as executive officer and assumed command a year later while deployed on the U.S.S. Hancock. During

this tour, he completed over 500 combat missions over Vietnam in the A–4

Skyhawk. Following assignments at

the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Admiral Arthur reported aboard U.S.S. SAN

JOSE (AFS–7) as commanding officer in

July 1976. In June of 1978, he assumed

command of aircraft carrier U.S.S.

CORAL SEA (CV–43).

Other significant assignments have

included Assistant Chief of Staff for

Plans and Policy; Commander in Chief,

U.S. Pacific Fleet staff; commander,

Carrier Group Seven; director, Aviation Plans and Requirements Division;

and director, General Planning and

Programming Division in the Office of

the Chief of Naval Operations. In February 1988, he was promoted to vice admiral and assumed duties as deputy

chief of naval operations for logistics.

In December 1990, Admiral Arthur assumed duties as commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet and commander, U.S. Naval

Forces Central Command for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

He directed the operations and tactical

movements of more than 96,000 Navy

and Marine Corps personnel and 130

U.S. Navy and allied ships, including

six aircraft carrier battle groups. This

represented the largest U.S. naval armada amassed since World War II. In

July 1992, Admiral Arthur assumed his

current duties as Vice Chief of Naval

Operations during a period marked by

major personnel, budgetary, ship and

shore infrastructure reductions.

Immediately recognizing the challenges posed by these reductions, Admiral Arthur initiated a comprehensive

and in-depth review of warfare requirements, procurements planning, and

programming procedures.

Through his personal efforts on the

joint requirements oversight council,

he was directly responsible for the continued development of a more capable

naval force fully interoperable with the

Army, Air Force, and allied navies.

Admiral Arthur played a key role in

the formulation and implementation of

the Navy’s support to national policies

involving operations restore hope in

Somalia, southern watch in the Persian Gulf, and deny flight in the Adriatic. He played a significant role in the

Chief of Naval Operations’ initiatives

to fully integrate women in combat

ships and aviation squadrons and has

been a strong leader in the Navy’s efforts to eradicate sexual harassment

from its ranks.

Admiral Arthur’s decorations include

the Defense Distinguished Service

Medal, Navy Distinguished Service

Medal (4 awards), the Legion of Merit

(4 awards, one with combat V), the Distinguished Flying Cross (11 awards),

the Navy Meritorious Service Medal,

individual Air Medal (4 awards), Strike/

Flight Air Medal (47 awards), the Navy

Commendation Medal (2 awards, 1 with

combat V), various foreign personal

decorations and individual United

States and foreign service and campaign awards.

Admiral Arthur is a true American

patriot and a superb naval officer who,

throughout his naval career, has lead

with courage and integrity. His leadership and performance throughout an

intense and demanding period in naval

and military history were instrumental

in the successful administration of the

Navy and outstanding support for

naval forces throughout the world.

Thanks to his inspirational leadership

and selfless dedication to duty, our

Navy has remained second to none.

While his honorable service will be

genuinely missed in the Department of

Defense, it gives me great pleasure to

recognize Admiral Arthur before my

colleagues and wish him and his lovely

wife Jennie fair winds and following

seas as he concludes a most honorable

and distinguished career.

f∑

CBO ESTIMATE ON H.R. 694

∑ Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, on

April 18, 1995, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources filed the

report to accompany H.R. 694, the

Minor Boundary Adjustments Act of

1995.

At the time this report was filed, the

Congressional Budget Office had not

submitted its budget estimate regarding this measure. The committee has

since received this communication

from the Congressional Budget Office,

and I ask that it be printed in the

RECORD.

The estimate follows:

U.S. CONGRESS,

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE,

Washington, DC, April 20, 1995.

Hon. FRANK H. MURKOWSKI,

Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural

Resources, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC.

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional

Budget Office has reviewed H.R. 694, the

Minor Boundary Adjustments and Miscellaneous Park Amendments Act of 1995, as

ordered reported by the Senate Committee

on Energy and Natural Resources on March

29, 1995.

Assuming appropriation of the necessary

sums, CBO estimates that implementing

H.R. 694 would result in one-time federal

costs totaling between $31 million and $32

million, most of which would be spent over

the next five years, plus annual costs of between $0.1 million and $0.2 million during

that period and about $1.5 million thereafter.

Enactment of H.R. 694 would not affect direct spending or receipts; therefore, pay-asyou-go procedures would not apply.

H.R. 694 would provide for boundary adjustments at several national parks. The bill

also would make a number of changes to National Park Service (NPS) programs. Included are provisions to: extend the life of

two advisory commissions; amend the Museum Properties Act of July 1, 1955, to facilitate the disposal of unneeded museum properties; and authorize research and education

projects carried out with nonfederal partners

through cooperative agreements.

Land Acquisition Costs. CBO estimates

that the federal government would spend between $4 million and $5 million over the next

two or three fiscal years to acquire lands

added to the park system by this bill, including incidental expenses associated with property donations and exchanges.

Development Costs. Lands acquired at

three parks (the Yucca House, Hagerman

Fossil Beds National Monument, and Shiloh

National Military Park) would be used for

visitor centers or other facilities. CBO estimates that total planning and construction

costs for the three projects would be about

$23 million. The bill also would authorize

construction of a visitor center near or within the boundaries of the New River Gorge or

Gauley River park units. We estimate that

development of this facility would cost

about $2 million.

Other Costs. Section 204 of the bill would

authorize the appropriation of a total of $2

million over an eight-year period beginning

on October 1, 1993. These funds would be used

to maintain facilities of the William O.

Douglas Outdoor Classroom and to finance

programs carried out by that entity. Assuming appropriation of the necessary sums,

CBO estimates that about $0.3 million would
April 27, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5853

be spent for these activities during each of

the six remaining years of the authorization

period. In addition, we estimate that annual

support for the two advisory commissions

extended by Title II would cost the federal

government a total of about $20,000 annually

beginning in fiscal year 1996.

Finally, costs to operate and maintain all

of the new facilities authorized by the bill

would be between $0.1 million and $0.2 million annually over the next five years, and

would grow to about $1.5 million annually

once all development has been completed.

Other provisions of the bill would have no

significant impact on federal spending.

For purposes of the above estimates, CBO

assumed that H.R. 694 would be enacted by

the end of fiscal year 1995 and that funding

for all projects or activities would be appropriated as needed. All estimates are based on

information provided by the NPS.

Enactment of this legislation would have

no impact on the budgets of state of local

governments.

Previous CBO Estimate. On February 23,

1995, CBO prepared a cost estimate for H.R.

694 as ordered reported by the House Committee on Resources on February 15, 1995.

The estimated costs for provisions that are

common to both bills are identical. The Senate version of the legislation, however, contains additional provisions that add $13 million to $14 million to one-time costs and up

to $0.5 million to annual expenses.

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased to provide them.

The CBO staff contact is Deborah Reis, who

can be reached at 226–2860.

Sincerely,

JUNE E. O’NEILL,

f Director.∑

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

∑ Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, Sunday,

April 23, marked the commemoration

of the 80th anniversary of the 1915–1923

genocide of the Armenian people.

In a world that seems to have gone

mad with violent acts of maniacal individuals, from Oklahoma City to Tokyo,

we must remember the victims of a

government organized terror, the genocide perpetrated by the Turkish Ottoman Empire against the Armenian people.

Eighty years ago this week, the 8-

year-long savagery against the Armenian people began.

Each year we remember and honor,

the victims, and pay respects to the

survivors we still are blessed to have in

our midst.

We vow to remember, to always remember the attempt to eliminate the

Armenian people from the face of the

earth, not for what they had done as

individuals, but because of who they

were.

History records that the world stood

by, although it knew. It knew.

Our Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Henry Morgenthau, telegraphed

the following message to the American

Secretary of State on July 16, 1915:

Deportation of and excesses against peaceful Armenians is increasing and from

harrowing reports of eyewitnesses it appears

that a campaign of race extermination is in

progress under the pretext of reprisal against

rebellion.

Later, when Ambassador Morgenthau

wrote a book about his experiences, he

wrote:

When the Turkish authorities gave the orders for these deportations, they were merely giving the death warrant to a whole race:

they understood this well and in their conversations with me they made no particular

attempt to conceal the fact.

I am confident that the whole history of

the human race contains no such horrible

episode as this. The great massacres and persecutions of the past seems almost insignificant when compared to the sufferings of the

Armenian race in 1915.

Oh, there were a few voices, there

were a few leaders like Winston

Churchill who tried to warn us.

Churchill wrote the following in 1929:

In 1915, the Turkish Government began and

carried out the infamous general massacre

and deportation of Armenians in Asia Minor

. . . the clearance of the race from Asia

Minor was about as complete as such an act,

on a scale so great, could be. There is no reasonable doubt that this crime was planned

and executed for political reasons.

But, for the most part, nations did

not learn from history—the world

looked away and genocidal horrors revisited the planet.

As Elie Weisel said, the Armenians

‘‘felt expelled from history.’’

Hitler counted on the world forgetting the Armenian genocide when he

undertook the extermination of the

Jewish people.

So the genocide we remember each

April, the century’s first genocide—is

the genocide the world forgot, to its

shame and for which it paid dearly.

Each year we vow that the incalculable horrors suffered by the Armenian

people will still somehow not be in

vain.

We make this solemn vow because we

believe that it is within our power to

confront evil in the world, and to prevent genocidal attacks on people because of who they are.

That is surely the highest tribute we

can pay to the Armenian victims and

how the horror and brutality of their

deaths can be given redeeming meaning.∑

THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF

EARTH DAY

f∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, Saturday

April 21, 1995 marked the 25th anniversary of Earth Day. Created in 1970 by

former Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson, Earth Day has played a major role

in heightening the awareness of environmental problems in the United

States. In the past 25 years, much

progress has been made to protect the

environment. Congress passed vital

laws to clean up our air and water, and

to prevent and reduce pollution. We

also enacted the Endangered Species

Act, which has helped to protect vital

plant and animal species in danger of

extinction. In addition, Americans

have become dedicated recyclers—now

collecting upward of 22 percent of our

trash in over 6,600 communities. But

much work remains to be done—particularly in the field of energy conservation.

The United States is in desperate

need of a plan to conserve our energy

supply. We are currently more dependent on foreign oil than we were in the

1973 crisis. Nearly one-half of the oil

used in the United States is imported,

and this has a significant adverse impact on the U.S. balance of trade. Alternative forms of fuel, such as solar

energy, need to continue to be explored.

About 10 years ago, former Senator

Charles ‘‘Mac’’ Mathias and I visited

refugee housing in Nicosia, Cyprus,

built 55 percent with American funds.

Each house had a solar heating unit on

it for hot water. If American taxpayers

can help provide solar heating in Cyprus, why not in Carbondale, IL, and

Bakersfield, CA. In 1981 my wife and I

built a house and made it passive solar.

In below-zero weather, we have the experience of a warm house during the

daytime, with the furnace kicking on

when the sun goes down. Clearly, we

could do much more to encourage widespread use of solar energy.

For some years I have also been trying to promote greater research and

use of electric cars. Automobile ownership is expected to increase worldwide

by up to 50 percent in the next 20 years.

If we do not take action, the environmental and energy problems that will

result from the use of gasoline-powered

cars will be monumental. The resulting

air pollution and oil consumption will

create problems that simply will be intractable. Widespread use of electric

cars would go a long way toward resolving this problem.

I am pleased to report that we are

making progress toward widespread use

of electric cars. New rules have been

adopted in California, New York, and

Massachusetts that require 2 percent of

the cars sold to be electric starting in

1998.

There is great interest in the electric

car abroad. Japan wants to have 200,000

electric cars in use by the year 2000,

and Europe will not be far behind. We

must encourage U.S. auto companies in

every way we can to produce electric

cars so that the United States is on the

cutting-edge of this technology. This

type of conservation effort will be an

investment that saves both dollars and

energy resources for the future.

The question we need to face is

whether we are doing what we should

for future generations in environmental matters. Focusing on renewable

and alternative energy sources is a

good place to start.

f∑

HONORING HARRY WEINROTH

∑ Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I

rise today to honor Mr. Harry Weinroth

on the occasion of the 50th anniversary

of his liberation from concentration

camp, April 30, 1995. Mr. Weinroth was

born in Sosnowiec, Poland. At the age

of 13 he voluntarily entered a concentration camp so that his father