#### Elisha Smith *versus*William Tracy.

The plaintiff brought an action of assumpsit for work and labor bestowed by him as a physician, surgeon and apothecary, on the defendant’s wife, and for the *medicines*found and applied by him in the course of his attendance as such physician. It appeared, at the trial, that the plaintiff had no license, authorizing him to practice, but was employed by the defendant to attend upon his wife, and in the course of such attendance, furnished a quantity of medicines, for the preparing of which, he had obtained a *patent;*And he sought, in this action, to recover a compensation for his services, as a physician, *and*also for his *medicines.*Held, that he was not entitled to recover any part of his claim,—not even for the patent medicines furnished in the course of his attendance.

This was an action of *assumpsit,*for work and labor as a *“*physician, surgeon and apothecary,” bestowed by the plaintiff on the defendant’s wife, and for *medicines*found and provided by the plaintiff, and used and applied by him in the course of his attendance as such physician. It appeared in evidence, at the trial, that the plaintiff had no license, authorizing him to practise, as a physician,—but he was employed by the defendant to attend his wife, and in the course of-such attendance, furnished a quantity of medicines, for' the preparing of which he had obtained a patent; and he sought, in this action, to recover a compensation for his services as a physician, and also for his medicines. The recovery was resisted on the ground that the statute disabled the plaintiff from maintaining the action. The plaintiff, it appeared, was a practitioner in “ *botanic medicines”*and he attended the defendant’s wife, thrice every two days, from October, 1828, to April thereafter. Her complaint was a cancer, and the bill of particulars showed a list of medicines, amounting to *75*dollars, and visits to the amount of 150 dollars. No cure was effected, a regular surgeon having been called in before “ the work was complete.”

At the trial, Mr. Justice Oakley, (before whom the cause was tried,) directed the plaintiff to be nonsuited upon his own evidence, with leave to move to set the nonsuit aside, upon a case which either party had leave to turn into a bill of exceptions,

*466
      *Mr. D. Graham,*for the plaintiff, now moved to set the nonsuit aside, and for a new trial. He contended,

I. That the plaintiff was not within the statute, and was entitled to recover for his services. But, if he were within the statute, still that the defendant, having contracted with him, with a full knowledge that he had no license, could not afterwards turn round and set up the want of a license by way of defence.

II. That the plaintiff having had a patent for the medicines, for which he claimed to recover, was at all events, entitled to a verdict for that part of his demand. *[2 R. L. 233. 220,*sec. 12. 20.]

*Mr. J. Anthon, contra,*for the defendant, insisted that,

I. That as the plaintiff practised physic without being duly licensed, he was disqualified from collecting any demands accruing from such practice; and that the practising in botanical medicines *for profit*was equally prohibited to unlicensed persons,

II. That the exception, in the statute in favor of botanical medicines, merely relieves a party who applies them for the benefit of the sick, from the penalty of the. law against practisers of physic without license, but gives no right to make a profit of such practice; and that this exemption is confined to the administering of herbs, roots or bark, the growth or product of the United States.

III. The plaintiff’s *sirup,*(he said,) contains, as its essential ingredients, sarsaparilla and lignumvitse, which are not of the growth of the United States; and his *wash*contains oxyd of iron, none of which are within the exception. He not only cannot recover for demands accruing in such practice, but is liable, moreover, to a penalty for so practising.

IV. The patent granted by the United States, cannot give him any rights in opposition to the statute, which being for the protection of the health of the citizen, is a valid and constitutional *467act. [He cited 14 *J. R.*369. 1 *Wend. R.*528. 1 N. *R. L*. 455. 9 *Wheat. R.*203.]

Oakley, J.

[After a statement of the facts of the case.] By the 12th *sec.*of the act, regulating the practice of physic and surgery, [2 *R. L.*222,] it was provided, that if any person shall practice physic or surgery without a license, “ he shall for-*"*ever thereafter be disqualified from collecting any debt or debts, “ incurred by such practice, in any court of the state.” By the new revised code, which was in force at the time the plaintiff rendered the services in question, [1 *R. S.*455. *sec.*22,] it is enacted, that every person “ *not authorized by law,*who for any “ fee or reward, shall practise physic or surgery, within the state, shall be incapable of recovering by suit *any debt arising from*"*such practice.”*The provisions of both acts, in this respect, are similar in effect, and undoubtedly must receive the same construction.

In the case of *Timmerman v. Morrison,*[14 *J. R.*370,] the Supreme Court held, that by the true construction of the former act, no person practising without a license, could recover, for *services rendered or medicines*furnished, as a physician or surgeon. In *Allcott v. Barber,*[1 *Wendell’s R.*526,] the action was for *medicines furnished.*The plaintiff, in that case, being an unlicensed physician, was employed to attend the defendant’s daughter, *and, in the course of such attendance, furnished a quantity of medicine.*The • Court of Common Pleas, in which the action was tried, directed the jury, that the plaintiff had a right to recover for the value of the medicine furnished; and the Supreme Court held that direction to be erroneous. The Chief Justice says, that *“where the same person officiates as physician and apothecary”*he comes within the decision of *Timmerman v. Morrison ;*and he says, that if it were otherwise, the country would be filled with quacks and pretenders, *“peddling their nostrums,*and deceiving and “ destroying the ignorant and the credulous, the very mischief “ which the statute is intended to prevent.” I cannot distinguish the case now before us from *Allcott v. Barber.*The plaintiff acted in the joint capacity of physician and apothecary. The *468medicines charged by him, were used and applied in the course of his attendance, and prescriptions as a physician. The case comes entirely within the principle of that decided by the Supreme Court, and must be controlled by it.

It is contended by the plaintiff; that the patent, in evidence in the case, gives him the right to sell the medicines in question, notwithstanding the provisions of the state law, and his general right to sell his medicines, as an apothecary, is not questioned in this case. The patent confers no additional right on him, but precludes others from selling or using them. The state law, by the construction given to it by the Supreme Court, prohibits him from *“peddling his*nostrums” in the character of a physician, and inducing people to buy and use them, in consequence of their reliance on his pretended skill. Such practices, the law of the state has declared to be dangerous to the public health, and if the patent in question, had authorized him, in express terms, to vend his medicines in the manner in which he has done it in this case, I should have no hesitation in holding, that the patent would be inoperative against the provisions of the law. It is not necessary, however, to enter further into this view of the case.

The plaintiff also contends, that the knowledge of the defendant that the plaintiff was an unlicensed physician, is a feature in this case, which distinguishes it from those decided by the Supreme Court. I cannot so consider it. That knowledge, no doubt, exis ted in the case of *Allcott v.*Barker, and exists also, in the great majority of cases, in which unlicensed physicians are employed. The mischief intended to be prevented by the statute, is injuryAo the *“ ignorant and*credulous,” and the protection of the statute, to that class of people, would be in a great measure defeated, if a circumstance of such common occurrence, were permitted to take the case out of its operation. The motion to set aside the nonsuit must be denied.

*Motion denied.*

[D. Graham, jun. *Att’y for the plff.*E. Anthon, *Att’y for the deft.]*

*469Note.—This “ practitioner” professed to cure “most diseases incident to humanity,” among which were enumerated gout, gravel, asthma, syphilis, stone, dropsy, ulcers, salt rheum, *affections of the nerves, palpitation of the heart,*St. Anthony’s fire, tetters, scald heads, *consumptions,*and *all*diseases arising from *impurity of the blood.*One of his recipes for a “ *tincture”*in the above complaints, was as follows:

“ Take one gallon of cider, half a pound of horse-reddish-root, a quarter of a “ pound of white-oak bark, and two ounces of oxyd of iron. Let the mixture stand “ six days, stirring it twice every twelve hours, *and it will be fit for use.”*