NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
XIN HE, Petitioner,

v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. No. 22

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- 136

- 956

MEMORANDUM *

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted October 6, 2023 ** Honolulu , Hawaii
Before: BERZON, MILLER, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges

. Petitioner Xin He seeks review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) decision dismissing his appeal of the denial by an Immigration Judge (IJ) of asylum and withholding of removal on the basis that Petitioner was found not credible. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition. We assume

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36

- 3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). 

# FILED

OCT 11 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS2 22

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familiarity with the underlying facts and arguments in this proceeding

. “Where, as here, the BIA cites Burbano and also provides its own review of the evidence and law, we review both the IJ’s and the BIA’s decisi ons.” Ali v.
Holder , 637 F.3d 1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2011). “ We review factual findings, including adverse credibility determinations, for substantial evidence

. ” Mukulumbutu v. Barr , 977 F.3d 924, 925 (9th Cir. 2020). Under this deferential standard, fac tual findings are “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). Thus, “only the most extraordinary circumstances will justify overturning an adverse credibility determination.”
S hrestha v. Holder , 590 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2010) ( citation and quotation
marks omitted ). Nevertheless, “[t] here is no bright

- line rule under which some number of inconsistencies requires sustaining or rejecting an adverse credibility
determination

— o ur review will always require assessing the totality of the
circumstances. ” Alam v. Garland , 11 F.4th 1133, 1137 (9th Cir. 2021) (en banc).
First , prior fraudulent visa applications submitted by Petitioner support the agency’s adverse credibility determination

. Petitioner knowingly submitted false information and documents in two visa applications in 2016 . Petitioner admitted
that he used an interm ediary agency to prepare the applications , that he voluntarily and knowingly made false statements in his applications and interviews, and that he provided forged documents. T he fraudulent applications were made at a time when3 22

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he did not fear persecution or torture , and the falsehoods he submitted to immigration officials were not motivated by any emergency or dures s
. Cf. Akinmade v. INS , 196 F.3d 951, 955 (9th Cir. 1999) ( recogniz ing that a noncitizen ’ s misrepresentation in

a visa application made for th e purpose of flee ing persecution may not support a negative credibility determination ). In the circumstances here, “[Petitioner’s] submission of false information in h[is] ... visa applications are inconsistencies sufficient to support the adverse credibili ty determination.” Li v. Garland , 13 F.4th 954, 960 (9th Cir. 2021) ; s ee also Singh v. Holder , 643 F.3d 1178, 1181 (9th Cir. 2011).
Second , substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that Petitioner’s testimony was inconsistent with medical records he submitted concerning treatment he and his mother received

. See Ren v. Holder , 648 F.3d 1079, 1089 (9th Cir. 2011). Despite Petition er’s attempts to provide an innocent reading of these inconsistencies, the totality of the circumstances does not compel one , particularly given his admission that he knowingly submitted false visa applications
in 2016

. Accordingly, the record does not com pel this court to conclude Petitioner was
credible under the totality of the circumstances , and substantial evidence supports4 22

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the agency’s denial of all applications for relief for failure to meet the requisite burden of proof.
PETITION DENIED.