S5728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 26, 1995

CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE,

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS,

Washington, DC, March 30, 1995.

To: Office of Senator John McCain, Attention: Walter Lohman.

From: Kenneth Katzman, Analyst in Middle

Eastern Affairs, and Elizabeth Dunstan,

Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division.

Subject: Arms and Technology Transfers to

Iran.

This memorandum responds to your request to provide an unclassified chronology

of reported weapons and technology transfers or agreements to Iran. Please call 7–7612

if you have any questions.

CHRONOLOGY OF WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGY

TRANSFERS TO IRAN USING PRESS REPORTS:

OCTOBER 1992-PRESENT

10/8/92—The International Institute for

Strategic Studies reported that China would

supply a nuclear reactor under construction

at Qazvin in northwestern Iran.

10/24/92—An editorial in the Washington

Times reported Iran bought Sukhoi–24 light

bombers from Russia and three diesel submarines, for $750 million per submarine.

Most other sources cite a figure of $450 million a piece. Also, F–7 jet fighters were purchased from China. China reportedly agreed

on September 10, 1992 to sell Iran a large nuclear reactor.

11/21/92—According to Defense Weekly,

Russia delivered to Iran the first Kilo class

submarine with a surface to air missile capacity in the form of manportable SA–14

Gremlin or SA–16 Gimlet.

2/10/93—According to the Jerusalem Israel

Television Network, Iran recently took delivery of some Scud-C surface to air missiles

with a range of about 500 km, as well as a

number of launching pods, in accordance

with a deal signed with North Korea. These

are in addition to about 250 Scud missiles

supplied to Iran before the Gulf War.

2/17/93—According to the U.S. Director of

Naval Intelligence Iran has been negotiating

for the purpose of five mini-submarines from

an unspecified source to augment its Kilo

submarines.

4/8/93—According to the New York Times,

Iran was close to concluding a deal with

North Korea to buy a new intermediaterange missile that the Koreans are developing. (The missile, called Nodong I, is said to

have a range of 600 miles, although an extended range version may be able to reach up

to about 800 miles).

5/11/93—Iran has taken delivery of eight supersonic, sea-skimming cruise missiles from

the Ukraine, according to the Washington

Times. The Sunburst missiles, to be based in

the Strait of Hormuz, have reportedly been

bought as part of a $1.5 billion barter agreement between Tehran, Moscow, and Kiev.

Also included in the reported deal are 50

MiG–29, and other combat aircraft, more

than 200 T–72M1 battle tanks and S–300 air

defense system missiles.

8/8/93—Iran took delivery of its second Russian made Kilo-class submarine.

1/17/94—Defense News reported that Iran

was negotiating with China to purchase a

rocket-propelled mine called the EM52 that

is planted on the sea floor until it detects a

target. The report added that Iran had purchased 1,000 modern mines from Russia, including those that detect approaching ships

with magnetic, acoustic, and pressure sensors.

3/28/94—China’s Xian Aircraft Corporation

will fly its Jian Hong-7 bomber on March 28,

1994, to Iran for a series of flight demonstrations, according to a Chinese defense industry source.

5/7/94—Iran will take delivery of its third

Kilo-class diesel-electric submarine within

five months, according to Jane’s Defense

Weekly. Iran reportedly bought an estimated

1,800 mines of various types from Russia

when it received its first ‘‘Kilo’’ in November

1992.

9/19/94—Iran has acquired four or five fast

attack missile (FACM) boats from China, according to US Vice Admiral Douglas Katz.

The Hegu class vessel is 68 tons and is capable of being armed with C–801 and C–802 surface-to-surface missiles (Delivery of the missiles has not been confirmed).

9/26/94—Director of Central Intelligence

James R. Woosley said Iran had acquired

MiG29’s, Su 24’s, and T–72 tanks, as well as

two Kilo-class attack submarines, from Russia. He added that Iran had turned to suppliers in ‘‘both East and West,’’ using

intermediaries to purchase military technology clandestinely.

9/27/94—A senior U.S. official reportedly

said in the Washington Post that Russia has

given Iran sophisticated aircraft missiles to

go along with the jets it sold to Iran.

12/14/94—Iran is trying to buy weapons

technology in Germany for use in building

Scud missiles, according to Reuters. In October 1994, the International Institute for Strategic Studies said Tehran had obtained 20

Chinese CSS–8 surface-to-surface missiles,

armed with conventional weapons.

1/5/95—The New York Times reported that

Russia had entered into a deal with Iran to

provide up to four nuclear power reactors at

the Bushehr nuclear reactor complex, a deal

valued at nearly $1 billion. Later reports said

the first reactor would be a water-pressurized reactor with a capacity of 1,000

megawatts. Russia might construct an additional 1,000 megawatt reactor and 2,440

megawatt reactors under the deal. The deal,

formally announced January 8, 1995, also

provides for Russia to train Iranian nuclear

scientists and possibly provide research reactors as well. Russia reportedly is also required to recycle nuclear fuel for Iran. The

New York Times report added that China has

sold Iran two similar reactors and has provided two research reactors, but that those

projects have been delayed. China reportedly

has also sold several calutrons-magnetic isotope separation devices that can be used to

derive uranium for an atomic bomb. In addition, according to the Times, China was setting up an assembly plant in Iran to produce

intermediate range ballistic missiles (M–9’s

and M–11’s).

1/30/95—The Washington Times reported

that Iran has secured the aid of Indian companies in the construction of a poison-gas

complex, according to a classified German

intelligence report. The Indian companies

have told authorities in Europe and elsewhere that they are engaged in building a

pesticide factory just outside Tehran.

2/1/95—Belgian officials impounded a Russian-built surface to air missile bound for

Iraq, according to the Washington Times.

3/2/95—The Associated Press said Israel had

claimed Iran signed a contract with Argentina to buy fuel rods for reactors and then

negotiated over the purchase of heavy water,

considered essential for a nuclear weapons

program. The report did not make clear

whether or not the United States had succeeded in blocking the deal.

3/15/95—The New York Times reported that

Iran had developed a vast network in Europe,

Russia, and the Central Asian Republics to

smuggle to Iran weapons parts and nuclear

technology.

3/17/95—Poland announced that it will

honor any existing contracts to supply tanks

to Iran. Poland did not reveal the details of

any tank sale to Iran, however.

4/3/95—The New York Times reported that

the United States had provided intelligence

to Russia about Iran’s nuclear program, as

part of any effort to dissuade Russia from

providing nuclear technology to Iran. The intelligence reportedly showed that Iran is importing equipment needed to import nuclear

weapons, that it has sought to but enriched

uranium from former Soviet republics, such

as Kazakistan, and that it is using many of

the same smuggling techniques and routes

that Iraq and Pakistan used in their efforts

to acquire nuclear technology.∑

∑ Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, as a

cosponsor of the original Iran-Iraq

Non-Proliferation Act, I am pleased to

join Senator MCCAIN as well in this

amendment to the 1992 act. Regrettably, Iran and Iraq have become no

more law abiding during the past 2

years than they were when this law

was first enacted. On the contrary, Iraq

has attempted by persuasion or force

to get the international community to

lift economic sanctions while preserving as much as possible its catastrophic weapons capability. Iran,

meanwhile, has continued its support

for international terrorism.

The United States must remain vigilant in its effort to inhibit the destructive capability of these two renegade

states. We must do everything we can

to prevent them from receiving assistance from any source to pursue international lawlessness.

I believe this amendment will

strengthen the current legislation and

send a strong signal both to the renegade states and to other states which

trade with Iran and Iraq that the United States remains committed to tight

economic sanctions. There will be consequences for those who trade in embargoed goods with Iran and Iraq, just

as there will be consequences for us all

if renegade states are able to pursue

their destructive objectives without

hindrance. I urge my colleagues to join

us in supporting this amendment to

strengthen Iran-Iraq sanctions.

f ∑

ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS

S. 198

At the request of Mr. CHAFEE, the

name of the Senator from Alaska [Mr.

MURKOWSKI] was added as a cosponsor

of S. 198, a bill to amend title XVIII of

the Social Security Act to permit Medicare select policies to be offered in all

States, and for other purposes.

S. 252

At the request of Mr. LOTT, the

names of the Senator from Ohio [Mr.

DEWINE] and the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. THOMAS] were added as cosponsors of S. 252, a bill to amend title

II of the Social Security Act to eliminate the earnings test for individuals

who have attained retirement age.

S. 253

At the request of Mr. LOTT, the name

of the Senator from South Carolina

[Mr. THURMOND] was added as a cosponsor of S. 253, a bill to repeal certain

prohibitions against political recommendations relating to Federal employment, to reenact certain provisions
April 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5729

relating to recommendations by Members of Congress, and for other purposes.

S. 295

At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM,

the name of the Senator from North

Carolina [Mr. HELMS] was added as a

cosponsor of S. 295, a bill to permit

labor management cooperative efforts

that improve America’s economic competitiveness to continue to thrive, and

for other purposes.

S. 306

At the request of Mr. DORGAN, the

name of the Senator from California

[Mrs. FEINSTEIN] was added as a cosponsor of S. 306, a bill entitled the

‘‘Television Violence Reduction

Through Parental Empowerment Act

of 1995.’’

S. 351

At the request of Mr. HATCH, the

name of the Senator from Arizona [Mr.

KYL] was added as a cosponsor of S. 351,

a bill to amend the Internal Revenue

Code of 1986 to make permanent the

credit for increasing research activities.

S. 356

At the request of Mr. COATS, his

name was added as a cosponsor of S.

356, a bill to amend title 4, United

States Code, to declare English as the

official language of the Government of

the United States.

S. 440

At the request of Mr. COATS, his

name was added as a cosponsor of S.

440, a bill to amend title 23, United

States Code, to provide for the designation of the National Highway System,

and for other purposes.

S. 506

At the request of Mr. CRAIG, the

name of the Senator from Wyoming

[Mr. SIMPSON] was added as a cosponsor

of S. 506, a bill to amend the general

mining laws to provide a reasonable

royalty from mineral activities on Federal lands, to specify reclamation requirements for mineral activities on

Federal lands, to create a State program for the reclamation of abandoned

hard rock mining sites on Federal

lands, and for other purposes.

S. 565

At the request of Mr. PRESSLER, the

names of the Senator from Oregon [Mr.

HATFIELD] and the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. FRIST] were added as cosponsors of S. 565, a bill to regulate

interstate commerce by providing for a

uniform product liability law, and for

other purposes.

At the request of Mr. GORTON, the

name of the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a cosponsor of S. 565, supra.

S. 584

At the request of Mr. ROBB, the name

of the Senator from Massachusetts

[Mr. KENNEDY] was added as a cosponsor of S. 584, a bill to authorize the

award of the Purple Heart to persons

who were prisoners of war on or before

April 25, 1962.

S. 602

At the request of Mr. BROWN, the

name of the Senator from Connecticut

[Mr. LIEBERMAN] was added as a cosponsor of S. 602, a bill to amend the

NATO Participation Act of 1994 to expedite the transition to full membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of European countries

emerging from communist domination.

SENATE RESOLUTION 85

At the request of Mr. CHAFEE, the

names of the Senator from Ohio [Mr.

DEWINE] and the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. THOMAS] were added as cosponsors of Senate Resolution 85, A

resolution to express the sense of the

Senate that obstetrician-gynecologists

should be included in Federal laws relating to the provision of health care.

AMENDMENT NO. 596

At the request of Mr. GORTON the

name of the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. FAIRCLOTH] was added as a cosponsor of amendment No. 596 proposed

to H.R. 956, a bill to establish legal

standards and procedures for product

liability litigation, and for other purSENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUposes.

TION 11—RELATIVE TO CYPRUS

fMs. SNOWE (for herself, Mr. SIMON,

Mr. PRESSLER, Mr. SARBANES, Mr.

D’AMATO, and Mr. DODD) submitted the

following concurrent resolution; which

was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations:

S. CON. RES. 11

Whereas the long-standing dispute regarding Cyprus remains unresolved;

Whereas the military occupation by Turkey of a large part of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus has continued for over 20

years;

Whereas the status quo on Cyprus remains

unacceptable;

Whereas the United States attaches great

importance to a just and peaceful resolution

of the dispute regarding Cyprus;

Whereas the United Nations and the United States are using their good offices to resolve such dispute;

Whereas on January 5, 1995, President Clinton appointed a Special Presidential Emissary for Cyprus;

Whereas the United Nations has adopted

numerous resolutions that set forth the basis

of a solution for the dispute regarding Cyprus;

Whereas paragraph (2) of United Nations

Security Council Resolution 939 of July 29,

1994, reaffirms that a solution must be based

on a State of Cyprus with a single sovereignty and international personality, and a

single citizenship, with its independence and

territorial integrity safeguarded, and comprising two politically equal communities as

described in the relevant Security Council

Resolutions, in a bicommunal and bizonal

federation, and that such a settlement must

exclude union in whole or in part with any

other country or any form of partition or secession;

Whereas the United Nations Secretary

General has described the occupied part of

Cyprus as one of the most highly militarized

areas in the world;

Whereas the continued overwhelming presence of more than 30,000 Turkish troops on

Cyprus hampers the search for a freely negotiated solution to the dispute regarding Cyprus;

Whereas the United Nations and the United States have called for the withdrawal of

all foreign troops from the territory of the

Republic of Cyprus; and

Whereas comprehensive plans for the demilitarization of the Republic of Cyprus have

been proposed: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the Congress—

(1) reaffirms that the status quo on Cyprus

is unacceptable;

(2) welcomes the appointment of a Special

Presidential Emissary for Cyprus;

(3) expresses its continued strong support

for efforts by the United Nations Secretary

General and the United States Government

to help resolve the Cyprus problem in a just

and viable manner at the earliest possible

time;

(4) insists that all parties to the dispute regarding Cyprus agree to seek a solution

based upon the relevant United Nations resolutions, including paragraph (2) of United

Nations Security Council Resolution 939 of

July 29, 1994;

(5) reaffirms the position that all foreign

troops should be withdrawn from the territory of the Republic of Cyprus;

(6) considers that demilitarization of the

Republic of Cyprus would meet the security

concerns of all parties involved, would enhance prospects for a peaceful and lasting

resolution of the dispute regarding Cyprus,

would benefit all of the people of Cyprus, and

merits international support; and

(7) encourages the United Nations Security

Council and the United States Government

to consider alternative approaches to promote a resolution of the long-standing dispute regarding Cyprus based upon relevant

Security Council resolutions, including incentives to encourage progress in negotiations or effective measures against any recalcitrant party.

∑ Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, today I

am submitting a resolution calling for

the end of the long-standing dispute on

Cyprus. I am pleased to be joined as

original cosponsors by my distinguished colleagues, Senators SIMON,

PRESSLER, SARBANES, D’AMATO, and

DODD.

Mr. President, last year marked the

20th anniversary of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Year after year the political deadlock over Cyprus has endured. But elsewhere in the world these

same two decades has seen the end to

the Soviet Union, mutual recognition

between Israel and the PLO, a peaceful

transition to majority rule in South

Africa, and a renunciation of terrorism

by the Irish Republican Army and

movement toward an enduring peace in

Northern Ireland. It is long past time

for a similar breakthrough for peace on

Cyprus.

That is the purpose of this resolution. This resolution speaks with moderation with the hope of bringing together all sides to the conflict. But despite its moderate tones, the resolution

calls for looking at the problem of Cyprus in a radically new way. The resolution: declares the status quo on Cyprus to be unacceptable; welcomes

President Clinton’s appointment of a

special emissary for Cyprus; calls on

all parties to seek a solution based on

the U.N. Security Council resolution of