# Patent

## Title
Guzmania ‘RETRO’

## Abstract

A new and distinct Guzmania hybrid named ‘RETRO’ characterized by solid growth habit; funnel-form rosette plant, measuring about 20-25 cm in height (above the pot when flowering); numerous, green color foliage (measuring about 19 to 28 cm length and about 3 cm in width). Superior floral bract production; bracts are red in color (closest to RHS 44C), singular hear inflorescence, measuring about 9 cm in height and about 13 cm in diameter, and long-lasting habit.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new, distinct and stable hybrid of Guzmania hybrid, hereinafter referred to as ‘RETRO’. The present invention relates to seeds which are the Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’, as well as plants and plant parts produced by these seeds which have all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of the Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’. The present invention also relates to methods for producing these seeds and plants of the Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of producing progeny Guzmania plants by crossing Guzmania ‘RETRO’, as either the female or seed or male or pollen parent, with another Guzmania plant and selecting progeny.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new, distinct and stable hybrid of Guzmania hybrid, and hereinafter referred to by the variety denomination ‘RETRO’. The new Guzmania ‘RETRO’ originated from a cross made in a controlled breeding program by the inventors in 2010, and then first flowered in 2013, in Assendelft, the Netherlands. The female or seed parent is the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented). The male or pollen parent is the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614254 (unpatented).
Guzmania is a member of the Bromeliaceae family. Guzmania is predominantly epiphytic with a few terrestrial species and is native to the tropics. For the most part, species vary in diameter from 7 or 8 inches to 3 or 4 feet and have rosette of glossy, smooth-edged leaves.
Floral bracts of Guzmania frequently have brilliant colors and may last for many months. The range of colors for Guzmania is generally from yellow through orange but may also include flame red and red-purple. White or yellow, tubular, three-petalled flowers may also appear on a stem or within the leaf rosette but are usually short-lived.
Guzmania may be advantageously grown as pot plants for greenhouse or home use. Typically, the plants are shaded from direct sunlight. During the spring to autumn period, the central vase-like part of the leaf rosette is normally filled with water.
Guzmania is native to tropical America. Leaves of Guzmania are usually formed as basal rosettes which are stiff and entire and in several vertical ranks Guzmania plants have terminal spikes or panicles which are often bracted with petals united in a tube about as long as the calyx. The ovary is superior and the seeds plumose.
Asexual propagation of Guzmania is frequently performed by vegetative means through the use of tissue culture practices. Propagation of Guzmania can also be form offshoots which can be detached from the mother plant and growth in an appropriate soil or bark mixture.
Methods for cultivation and crossing of Guzmania are well known. For a detailed discussion, reference is made to the following publications, which are incorporated herein by reference: Benzing, David H., THE BIOLOGY OF THE BROMELIADS, Mad River Press, Inc., Eureka (1980); Zimmer, Karl, BROMELIEN, Veriag, Paul Parey, Berlin (1986); and Rauh, Werner, BROMELIEN, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (1981).
A Guzmania inbred is produced by brother/sister crossing over several generations to produce a genetically homozygous plant selection. A hybrid cultivar is produced by crossing two genetically distinct inbred lines, collecting seeds produced by the cross, and germinating seeds so-produced to make hybrid plants. The hybrid seeds and plants produced by this method are uniform with their morphological and physiological characteristics.
A need exists for a greater variety of Guzmania cultivars with attractive ornamental features. Additionally, a need exists for additional Guzmania hybrid cultivars that can be easily propagated by seed. The new Guzmania ‘RETRO’ was developed through a controlled breeding program and exhibits unique, desirable and stable characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides Guzmania plants selections that are solid, small-sized, long-lasting hybrids with superior bract production and red inflorescence that exhibits good keeping quality. The present invention also provides Guzmania plants selections with a singular head inflorescence with a unique red color which distinguishes the new cultivar from typical Guzmania. 
These and other objectives have been achieved in accordance with the present invention which provides ‘RETRO’ as a new Guzmania cultivar that is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the inventors, Elly Bak and Nico D. M. Steur, in Assendelft, the Netherlands, in 2010. The female or seed parent is the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented). The male or pollen parent is the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614254 (unpatented).
Both parental cultivars have a sufficient degree of homozygosity such that the progeny of the cross are genetypically and phenotypically uniform. The new hybrid ‘RETRO’ therefore can be produced by sexual reproduction by crossing the parental inbred lines identified by the codes 100614392 and 100614254 to produce a population of progeny plants, each of which has the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new hybrid ‘RETRO’.
Seeds which are the hybrid ‘RETRO’ are produced by crossing the parental inbred lines identified by the codes 100614392 and 100614254, and are deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110-2209 having deposit Designation PTA-122348.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The present invention related to seeds which produce Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’. The present invention also relates to Guzmania plants, and parts thereof, having all physiological and morphological characteristics of Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’. The present invention relates to a plant produced from seeds which are Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’. The present invention also relates to plant parts, such as pollen, seeds or inflorescence produced by Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’.
The present invention relates to a method of producing seed which are Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’, by a crossing Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented) as the female or seed parent with Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614254 (unpatented) as the male or pollen parent, harvesting seeds produced from said cross.
The present invention also relates to a method of producing plants having all the physiological and morphological characteristics of the Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’ comprising the steps of (a) crossing Guzmania lingulata hybrid identified by code 100614392 (unpatented) as a female or seed parent with Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented) as the male or pollen parent. (b) harvesting seeds produced from said cross; and (c) producing plants from said harvested seeds.
The present invention also relates to producing progeny plants from the cross of Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’, as the female or male parent, with another Guzmania plant, and selecting progeny plants from this cross.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS
The patent or application file contains as least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fees.
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new Guzmania hybrid ‘RETRO’ showing the colors as true as is reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately describes the color of ‘RETRO’.
FIG. 1 shows a side view perspective of the primary and top bracts produced by a typical potted, flowering plant of ‘RETRO’, at 10 months of age from potting size.
FIG. 2 shows a close-up top view perspective of the inflorescence and top Bracts produced by a typical potted, flowering plant of ‘RETRO’, at 10 months of age from potting size.



DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
The present invention was created by the inventors, Elly Bak and Nicolaas D. M. Steur in 2010, and flowered for the first time in 2013 in Assendelft, the Netherlands.
This invention is directed to Guzmania plant having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of the hybrid ‘RETRO’ produced from seeds which are the product of the cross of the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented) as the female or seed parent with the Guzmania lingulata inbred line identified by code 100614254 (unpatented) as the male or pollen parent. Both parents have a sufficient degree of homozygosity such that the progeny of the cross were, and continue to be, phenotypically uniform. The new hybrid ‘RETRO’ can therefore be produced by sexual reproduction by crossing of the inbred selections identified by the codes 100614392 and 100614254 to produce a population of progeny plants, each of which has the combination of characteristics herein disclosed for the new hybrid ‘RETRO’.
The new hybrid ‘RETRO’ can also be produced by asexually reproducing progeny from the cross of the parental inbred lines identified by the codes 100614392 and 100614254. Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar by vegetative means by cuttings was first performed in 2013, in Assendelft, the Netherlands. The first ‘RETRO’ plants propagated through the use of such cuttings flowered in 2014, in Assendelft, the Netherlands, and have demonstrated that the new cultivar reproduces true-to-type and that the combination of characteristics as herein disclosed for the new cultivar are firmly fixed and retained through successive generations of asexual reproduction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be unique characteristics of ‘RETRO’ which in combination distinguish this Guzmania as a new and distinct cultivar:

    
    
        1. Stemless growth habit;
        2. Funnel-form rosette plant, measuring about 20 cm in height (above the Pot when flowering);
        3. Numerous, green color foliage (measuring about 25-35 cm in length and about 3 cm in width.
        4. Superior floral bract production.
        5. Bracts are red in color (closest to RHS 44C)
        6. Singular head inflorescence, measuring about 9 cm in height, when Flowering and about 13 cm in diameter.
        7. Long-lasting habit.
    
    


Of the many commercial cultivars known to the present inventors, the most similar in comparison to the new Guzmania hybrid is the Guzmania cultivar ‘GLOSSITA’, U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,857. Plants of the new hybrid ‘RETRO’ differ from plants of ‘GLOSSITA’ primarily in color of inflorescence.
‘RETRO’ has not been tested and observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype of the new cultivar may vary with variations in environment such as temperature, light intensity, frequency of fertilization, composition of fertilizer, flowering treatment, day length and humidity, without any change in the genotype of the plant.
For example, substantial differences in plant height and diameter, number of leaves, can result depending on the size of the plant at the time that flowering is induced by flowering treatment. Since treatment to induce flowering disrupts normal watering and fertilization regimens. Flowering treatment to relatively smaller plants adversely affects the growth of the plant.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following observations, measurements and values describe the new Guzmania ‘RETRO’ as grown in a greenhouse in Assendelft, the Netherlands, under conditions which closely approximate those generally used in commercial practice. Plants of ‘RETRO’ were grown in a greenhouse with day temperatures ranging from 20° C. to 28° C. and night temperatures ranging from 18° C. to 23° C. No artificial lighting or photoperiodic treatments were conducted, but plants of ‘RETRO’ are forced into flowering. The following fertilizer is added when growing plants of ‘RETRO’: 1 part nitrogen, 0.6 parts phosphor, 2 parts Kalium and 0.1 parts of magnesium.
Color references are made to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (RHS), 2001 edition, except where general colors of ordinary significance are used. Color values were taken under daylight conditions in a greenhouse in Assendelft, the Netherlands. The age of the plants of ‘RETRO’ described is about 12 weeks after flowering treatment.
Classification

    
    
        Botanical: Guzmania lingulata minor
    
    


Parentage:

    
    
        Female Parent: Guzmania lingulata minor inbred line identified by code 100614392 (unpatented)
        Male Parent: Guzmania lingulata minor inbred line identified by code 100614254 (unpatented)
    
    


Plant:

    
    
        General Appearance and Form:
        Height: About 20-25 cm (when flowering)
        Width: About 50 cm
        Shape: Funnel form rosette
        Growth habit: Stemless
        Plant Vigor: Good
        Flowering Season: A fully grown plant can flower year round, starting 10-12 weeks after induction of natural light or Through flowering treatment.
        Cold Tolerance: Frost tender, Temperature below 5° C. may damage Plants.
        Fragrance: None
    
    


Foliage:

    
    
        Quantity: About 16 (depending on the size of the plant)
        Size of Leaf:
        
            Length: About 19 cm to 28 cm (when flowering)
            Width: About 3 cm
        
        
        Overall Shapes: Linear lanceolate
        Apex Shape: Acuminate
        Base Shape: Strap-like around central axis
        Margin: Entire
        Texture: Smooth
        Orientation: Leaf blades arch continuously from base.
        Color: Leaf color can vary somewhat depending on growing conditions.
        Immature and Mature:
        
            Upper surface: green, RHS 137A
            Under surface: green, RHS 137B
        
        
        Venation: None
    
    


Inflorescence

    
    
        Borne: Erect
        Shape: Singular head
        Size:
        
            Length: About 9 cm in height when flowering
            Diameter: About 13 cm
        
        
        Time of Bloom: A fully grown plant can produce an inflorescence Containing about 30 flowers (depending on the size of the plants), and can bloom the whole year starting about 10-12 weeks after natural induction or through flowering treatment.
        Duration of Bloom: Each flower blooms one (1) day and the total Blooming of the whole inflorescence is about 5 weeks.
    
    


Petals:

    
    
        Number: 3 per flower
        Length: About 3 cm
        Width: About 0.7 cm
        Overall Shape: Ligulate
        Apex Shape: Obtuse
        Base Shape: Fused
        Color:
        
            Upper and under surfaces: Yellow with a white tip, closest To RHS 9A and RHS 115D
        
        
        Sepals:
        
            Number: 3 per flower
            Length: About 3 cm
            Width: About 0.3 cm
            Overall Shapes: Ligulate
            Apex Shape: Acute
            Base Shape: Fused
            Color:
            
                Upper and under surfaces: Translucent
            
            
        
        
    
    


Bracts:

    
    
        Scape Bracts:
        
            Quantity: About 8
            Arrangement: Alternate
            Size:
            
                Length: About 25 cm (lowest) to about 9 cm (scape bracts Positioned just below the primary bracts).
                Width: About 2.5-3 cm
            
            
            Overall Shape: Linear lanceolate
            Apex Shape: Acute
            Base Shape: Fused
            Margin: Entire
            Texture: Smooth
            Upper and under surfaces:
            Scape bracts are green, ranges between RHS 145C and 137C with a Slight red color, closest to RHS 48A, changing to red with a little Green, just below the primary bracts.
        
        
    
    


Primary Bracts:

    
    
        Quantity: About 12
        Arrangement: Alternative
        
            Size:
            
                Length: About 9 cm (lowest) to about 4 cm (primary bracts Shorter closer to the top of plant)
                Width: About 1 cm to 3 cm
            
            
        
        
        Overall shape: Recurved and ovate-lanceolate
        Apex shape: Acute
        Base shape: Fused
        Margin: Entire
        Texture: Smooth
        Color:
        
            Upper and under surfaces: Red, closest to RHS 44C
            Floral bracts: Disposed with the inflorescence
        
        
    
    


Reproductive Organs:

    
    
        Androecium:
        Stamen:
        
            Number: 6 per flower
            Length: About 4.2 cm
            Diameter: About 1 mm
            Color: Cream, too small to distinguish RHS value
        
        
        Anther:
        
            Length: About 0.6 cm
            Color: Cream, too small to distinguish RHS value
        
        
        Pollen:
        
            Amount: Scare
            Color: White (too small to distinguish RHS value)
        
        
        Gynoecium:
        Pistil:
        
            Number: 1 per flower
            Length: About 4.3 cm
        
        
        Stigma:
        
            Shape: 3-parted
            Width: About 2 mm
            Color: White, too small to distinguish RHS value
        
        
        Style:
        
            Length: About 4.5 cm
            Color: White, too small to distinguish RHS value
        
        
        Ovary:
        
            Position: Superior
            Shape: Conical
            Length: About 0.7 cm
            Diameter: About 0.3 cm
            Color: Green-white, closest to RHS 157B
        
        
    
    


Seeds:

    
    
        Quantity: About 4000 seeds, found among approximately 20 capsules (depending on the size of the plant). Since the new cultivar is a hybrid, the seeds produced by the plant cannot be used for reproduction.
        Size:
        
            Length: About 4 m
            Diameter: About <1 mm
            Texture: Plumose
        
        
        Color: Grayed-orange, too small to qualify RHS value
    
    


Fruit:

    
    
        Quantity: About 20 (depending on size of plant)
        Type: Casule
        Texture: Corded
        Color at maturity: Grayed-orange, closest to RHS 165A
        Size:
        
            Length: About 3.5 cm
            Diameter: About 0.6 cm
        
        
    
    


DISEASE/PEST RESISTANCE/SUSCEPTIBILITY: Neither resistance nor susceptibility observed to date.

## Claims

1. A Guzmania plant named ‘RETRO’, representative seed deposited at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) having deposit Designation PTA-122348.

2. A Guzmania seed that produces the plant of claim 1.

3. Plant parts obtained from the Guzmania plant of claim 1.

4. A method of producing Guzmania progeny plant comprising the steps of (a) crossing Guzmania ‘RETRO’ produced from seed deposited with American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Patent Deposit having deposit Designation PTA-122348 as a female or male parent with a second Guzmania plant, and (b) selecting progeny.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the second Guzmania plant is ‘RETRO’.