Filed 6/12/18 CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

THE PEOPLE,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

TROY T. McVEY

,
Defendant and Appellant. B280966

(Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. BA432637 )

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Douglas W. Sortino and Henry J. Hall

, Judge s

. Affirmed

. Sally Patrone Brajevich , under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
Xavi er Becerra, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Margaret E. Maxwell and Scott A. Taryle

, Supervising Deputy Attorneys General, and Gregory B. Wagner

, Deputy Attorney Gen eral, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

_________________________________2 Troy T. McVey appeals the judgment entered following
three jury trial s in which he was convicted of voluntary manslaughter (Pen. Code, § 192, subd. (a)) in count 1, and felony
vandalism ( Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a) ) in count 2. 1 The jury
found true the personal firearm use allegation. ( Pen. Code, § 12022.5, subd. (a).) The trial court imposed an aggregate
sentence of 16 years 8 months, consisting of the mid

- term of
6 years for the vol untary manslaughter conviction, plus 10 years for the firearm enhancement, and a consecutive 8

- month term for the felony vandalism conviction

. Appellant contends the trial court erroneously excluded
evidence that the victim had been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and had behaved aggressively in two confrontations with police officers 20 years earlier in Florida

. We disagree and affirm the judgment of conviction

. Appellant
further seeks remand for reconsideration of his firearm enhancement pursuant to Senate Bill No. 620, 2 which amended
Penal Code section 12022.5, subdivision (c) to remove the

1 Appellant was charged in count 1 with first degree murder, but the jury in the first trial reached a verdict only on count 2 while deadlocking on count 1. In a retrial of count 1, the jury found appellant not guilty of first and second degree murder, but guilty of voluntary manslaughter. Following the verdict, the trial court granted a motion for a new trial on the ground that the prosecution’s late disclosure of evidence had prejudiced appellant in the second trial. A third trial on count 1 along with the verdict on count 2 from the first trial resulted in the judgment and sentence appellant now appeals.

2 Senate Bill No. 620 (2017

– 2018 Reg. Sess.) Stat ute s 2017, ch apter 682, section 1.3

prohibition on striking firearm enhancements. Because the trial

court ’s comments at sentencing unequivocally indicate that it
would not exercise its new discretion under Penal Code section 12022.5, subdivision (c) to dismiss the firearm enhancement in appellant’s case, we decline his remand request.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

In t h e late night hours of January 4, 2015, appellant and his friend, Coby, were walking on Cahuenga Boulevard in Hollywood. Appellant was carrying a semi automatic .22

- caliber handgun in his waistband behind his back. The magazine was fully loaded and there w as a round in the chamber; the gun was cocked, and the safety was off. Outside an adult bookstore appellant and Coby were approached by two African

- American men, who sold appellant what he believed to be cocaine for $40.
A ppellant and Coby crossed the st reet as the drug dealers drove

away

. When a ppellant and Coby examined the drugs they had just bought, appellant was upset to discover the substance was not cocaine, but powdered sugar

. The two men went to their car and changed clothes. They
then returned to the area where the drug deal had taken place

, and appellant saw what he thought was the car belonging to the drug dealers. Still upset about the fake drugs, he smashed all of
the car’s windows with the handle of a knife he was carrying

. When an onloo ker yelled at them, appellant stopped breaking the windows, and he and Coby walked away

. About a block away, appellant and Coby encountered a
homeless man named Richard Miller , who was panhandling.
Miller extended his hand toward appellant and ask ed for m oney.4

An altercation ensued, 3 and appellant fired a shot at Miller. After a few seconds, appellant fired multiple shots in rapid
succession. Miller collapsed on the sidewalk, and appellant walked away. Miller suffered a total of seven gunshot w ounds,

t wo of which were fatal. Appellant and Miller stood between four and ten feet away from each other when appellant fired on Miller. According to seven eyewitnesses, Miller had made no aggressive moves toward appellant or threaten ed him before appellant fired his gun

, but
one witness reported seeing some pushing and shoving. None of the witnesses saw any weapon in Miller’s hands or in the area where he fell, nor did police find a weapon o f any kind on or
around Miller. Appellant testified that Miller app roached hi m from
behind , gesturing with his palm up and asking for money

. Appellant felt Miller was pushing him toward a wall. Looking over his shoulder, appellant saw Miller reach into his pocket, and appellant took out his gun. Still with his back to Miller, appellant fired a warning shot into the ground. Appellant then
turned around to fac e Miller, who had balled his hands in to fists

. The men were about six to eight feet apart. Appellant told Miller to get away, but Miller ignored him. Appellant n oticed a knife in Miller’s right hand and shot Miller in the right leg out of fear

. But the shot appeared to have no effect, and Miller continued to

3 Three eyewitnesses heard appellant say to Miller, “Give me back m y money,” but one eyewitness testified that it was Miller who demanded money from appellant. Another eyewitness observed some pushing and shoving but could not hear what the men were saying.5

advance

. Appellant fired another shot at Miller’s other leg to make him fall, but Miller lunged at appell ant, leaving appellant no choice but to aim higher and fire again. Appellant shot Miller
three more times before walking away.

DISCUSSION

I. The Trial Court Properly Excluded Medical Records and Police Reports Pertaining to the
Victim , as W ell as the Defense Expert’s Testimony Based on Those Records
A. Procedural history

1. The motion for a new trial Following appellant ’s conviction for voluntary manslaughter in the second trial , appellant moved for a new trial

. The basis for the motion was the prosecution ’s delay until the end
of trial in turn ing over evidence that Miller may have suffered from bipolar disorder or schizophrenia

. ( Brady v. Maryland (1963) 373 U.S. 83, 87.) Attached as exhibits to t he motion were Miller’s medical records and t wo police reports from Florida.
The medical records contained observations of Miller between August and November 1995, while he was housed in Pinellas County jail. The observations included descriptions of Miller as “psychotic,” “delusional,” and “pa ranoid,” and documented “very bizarre behavior,” including urinating and smearing feces on the walls. Doctors diagnosed Miller with paranoid schizophrenia, and on November 14, 1995, he was transferred to Florida State Hospital in Chattahoochee, Florida

,

a fter a Pinellas County court found him incompetent to stand trial. The medical records included a California subpoena directed to the custodian of records for the Pinellas County
Sheriff’s Office. In support of the new trial motion

, defense6

counsel also submitted a declarati on with two additional exhibits
which includ ed doctors’ reports from Miller’s stay at Florida State Hospital from 1995 to 1997

. One of the police report s was from the Tarpon Springs Police Department . It described an encounter with po lice on July 27, 1995, in which Miller put his hand in his pocket and told officers to shoot him. Miller threw something at police and struggled violently as an officer attempted to conduct a pat

- down search. After two officers subdued him, Miller was ar rested on suspicion of resisting arrest with violence. The second police report, titled

, “Fort Lauderdale Police Department: Offense Incident Report,” described an incident on May 21, 1998, in which Miller reacted violently to officers who had awoken him when they found him sleeping on the beach. Miller resisted arrest, and police used pepper s pray to bring him into custody. At the hearing on the motion for a new trial, the defense psychiatric expert, Dr. Stephen Wilson, testified that the Florida
medica l records and police reports showed Miller had been found incompetent four times between 1995 and 1996

, and the prevailing diagnosis across all the medical records was that Miller suffered from schizophrenia. He stated that a person suffering from schizop hrenia typically hears imaginary voices and displays aggressive behavior. Dr. Wilson explained that schizophrenia is a lifelong illness that can be controlled with medication, but never cured. The medical records described Miller’s behavior “as hostile, arrogant and delusional” throughout his commitment, but there was no indication that Miller acted out violently in the psychology ward or the state hospital. The police reports told a slightly different story, show ing Miller behaving aggressively on two occ asions in contacts with police.7 Dr. Wi lson opined that Miller’s behavior in 2015 would likely be consistent with the behavior he exhibited in 1995 as documented in the medical records and police reports. However, the doctor acknowledged that it is not possible to predict behavior on a particular night in 2015 based on 20

- year

- old documents

. The trial court (Judge Douglas W. Sortino) granted the new trial motion based on newly discovered evidence

. In light of the jury’s acquittal on first and second degree murder, Judge Sortino found that the jury must have accepted the defense to some extent, and concluded that “this additional information

. . . could have, likely might have, resulted in a different verdict at tri al.”

2. The trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence of Miller’s mental illness and criminal history Prior to the third trial, the prosecution sought to exclude the medical records, police reports, and any testimony by the defense expert based on those documents. The court (Judge Henry J. Hall) reviewed Dr. Wilson’s testimony from the new trial motion along with the medical records and police reports. The court found the police reports were inadmissible hearsay under People v. Sanchez (2016) 63 Cal.4th 665 ( Sanchez ). Noting the absence of any declaration or affidavit pursuant to Evidence Code
section 1561 4 that would qualify the medical records under the business records exception, the court ruled the medical records
inadmissible under Sanchez because they contained multiple layers of hearsay and did not fit under any hearsay exception.

4 Undesignated statutory references are to the Evidence Code.8

The court further declared that the defense expert could not

tes tify about the medical records. During trial, defense counsel revisited the admissibilit y of
the medical records. He advised the court that he had been
unable to obtain a certifica tion of the records because they had been purged from the hospital’s records and the medical facility
where Mill er was treated had since closed. Nevertheless, “in light of the totality of the circumstances,” which included Judge Sortino’s ruling on the new trial motion, counsel asked the court to apply the pre

- Sanchez rules for expert testimony and allow the expert to testify about Miller’s mental illness based on the
contents of the med ical records. Finding the medical records to be case

- specific hearsay, Judge Hall held the documents inadmissible under Sanchez

. Judge Hall added that he had strong reservations about the records’ reliability and would likely have e xcluded them even under the pre

- Sanchez rules. The court reaffirmed its previous ruling prohibiting Dr. Wilson from relying on the medical records
under section 802. 5
B. Judge Sortino’s ruling granting the motion for a new
trial had no bearing on the iss ue of whether the documents
were admissible

. Appellant argues that in granting the new trial motion, Judge Sortino implicitly found “the defense could introduce the evidence of mental illness and aggression at the third trial.”

5 Under section 802 , a court in its discretion may prohibit an expert from rely ing on case

- specific hearsay to support her trial testimony. ( See People v. Williams (2016) 1 Cal.5th 1166, 1200.)9

Appellant is incorrect. The sole issue before the court in ruling on
the new trial motion was whether the late disclosure of medical records and police reports prejudiced appellant by preventing him from fully investigating potentially material facts. The court’s decision on this issue was wholly separate from the question of whether particular records would be admissible in another trial.
Indeed , as J udge Hall observed, there was nothing in the r ecord of the new trial hearing “to suggest that Judge Sortino was making findings about the adm issibility of these documents.” Furthermore, even if Judge Sortino had made findings about the admissibility of the medical records and police reports, those evidentiary rulings would not have been binding on Judge
Sortino himself or any other judge in a subsequent trial, for the trial “judge is free, in the exercise of sound judicial discretion, to alter a previous in limine ruling. ” ( Luce v. United States (1984) 469 U.S. 38, 41

– 42; Ohler v. United States (2000) 529 U.S. 753, 758, fn. 3 [ “ in limine rulings are not binding on the trial judge, and the judge may always change his mi nd during the course of a trial”]; see People v. Rodrigues (1994) 8 Cal.4th 1060, 1174 ; Le Francois v. Goel (2005) 35 Cal.4th 1094, 1096

– 1097, 1107 .)
C

. Th e medical records and police reports were
inadmissible hearsay , and under Sanchez , the defense expert could not testify about the contents of those records and reports

. 1

. T he business records hearsay exception Codified by section 1271, the business record s exception to the hearsay rule permits admission of hearsay to prove an act, condition, or event if the following foundational requirement s are met: “ (a) The writing was made in the regular course of a business; [¶] (b) The writing was made at or near the time of the act, condition, or event; [¶] (c) The custodian or other qualified10

witness testifies to its identity and the mode of its preparation;
and [¶] (d) The sources of information and method and time of preparation were such as to indicate its trustworthiness. ” ( § 1271 ; People v. Zavala (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 242, 246.) It is the burden of the party offering the evidence to estab lish that these foundational requirements have been met. ( People v.
Hovarter (2008) 44 Cal.4th 983, 1011.) The trial court is vested with broad discretion to determine whether a party has laid a proper foundation for admission of records under section 12 71,

a nd the court’s exercise of that discretion “ ‘will not be disturbed on appeal absent a showing of abuse.’ ” ( Zavala , at pp. 245

– 246.) Hospital records and similar documents are often
admissible as business records, assuming a custodian of records or other duly qualified witness provides proper authentication to

meet the foundational requirement s of the hearsay exception. ( In
re R.R. (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1264, 1280; People v. Landau (2016) 246 Ca l.App.4th 850, 872, fn. 7.) C ompliance with a subpoena duces tecum may dispense with the need for a live witness to establish the business records exception if the records are produced by the custodian or other qualified witness, together
with the affidav it described in section 1561

. (§ 1560 , subd. (b) ; In
re R.R. , at p. 1280; In re Troy D. (1989) 215 Cal.App.3d 889, 903 .) As relevant here, the affidavit must include “[a] description of the mode of preparation of the records” and a statement to the effect that “[t]he affiant is the duly authorized custodian of the records or other qualified witness and has authority to certify the
records” and “[t]he records were prepared by the personnel of the business in the ordinary course of business at o r near the time of the act, condition, or event. ” (§ 1561 , subd. (a)(1), (3), (5) .) The medical records appellant sought to introduce in this

case were not authenticated in any way and plainly did not meet11

the requirements for the business records excepti on

. D efense
counsel advised the trial court that the medical records had been destroyed by the Florida s tate hospital that had generated and
maintained them , and counsel had obtained copies of the records pursuant to a subpoena directed to the Pinellas Co unty Sheriff’s
Office in Florida

. But defense counsel admitted that obtaining the requisite c ertification from the hospital w ould be impossible

. And c ontrary to appellant’s assertion, the mere fact that the medical records had been subpoenaed did not mak e them reliable
or otherwise admissible as business records. ( People v. Blagg (1968) 267 Cal.App.2d 598 , 609

– 610 [ in the absence of live testimony of a qualified witness , affidavit of an authenticating witness is required in order to lay a proper foundati on for admissibility ] .) The record on appeal in this case demonstrates that the

source s of the medical records were third party entities which could supply no information about who prepared the documents,
the circumstances and method of preparation

, how the records were maintained by the hospital, or even whether the copies provided were the complete records. There being no proper
foundation for the admission of the medical records under the business records exception to the hearsay rule, the trial c ourt properly exercised its discreti on in excluding the documents. The police reports were similarly inadmissible . As a general rule, p olice reports do not fall under the business records exception. O ur Supreme Court has explained : “B usiness records

are defined as writings made in the regular course of business, at or near the time of the event, and created through sources of information and a method of preparation reflecting its
trustworthiness. (§ 1271; see also § 1280 [record by public employee].) W hen a record is not made to facilitate business12

operations but, instead, is primarily created for later use at trial, it does not qualify as a business record. ” ( Sanchez

, supra , 63
Cal.4th at p. 695 , fn. 21 ; see Melendez

- Diaz v. Massachusetts (2009) 557 U .S. 305, 321 [ certain documents kept in regular
course of business

— like police reports generated by law
enforcement officials

— not subject to business or official records hearsay exceptions because “the regularly conducted business activity is the productio n of evidence for use at trial”].) In any event, the absence of any affidavit or live testimony
from an authenticating witness in this case is fatal to appellant’s claim that the police reports were admissible as business records.
Because there is nothing about these documents to indicate any parti cular degree of trustworthiness, the trial court did not abuse
its discr etion in excluding them.

2

. Sanchez
In Sanchez , our Supreme Court clarified the limits on the
extent to which an expert wit ness can relate and rely upon hearsay in support of an opinion

, based upon the distinction between “ ‘ case

- specific hearsay ’ ” and hearsay which is “part of the ‘general background information’ acquired by the expert through out

- of

- court statements as part of the development of his or her expertise.” ( People v. Stamps (2016) 3 Cal.App.5th 988,
995 ( Stamps ) ; Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at p p

. 678 , 686 .)
Sanchez defined c ase

- specific facts as “ those relating to the particular events and participants alleged to have been involved
in the case being tried, ” and held that an expert is prohibited from testifying to such facts if they are outside the expert’s personal knowledge and do not fall under a n exception to the hearsay rule or have not been independently established by competent evidence. ( Sanchez

, at p p

. 676

– 677, 686 .)13 Traditionally , an expert’s testimony concerning her general knowledge and background in her field of expertise , even if
techn ically hearsay and offered for its truth , has not been subject
to exclusion on hearsay grounds. ( Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at

pp. 676, 685. ) But it falls to the trial court “to exclude expert testimony when necessary to prevent unreliable evidence and insupportable reasoning from coming before the jury.” ( Stamps

, supra , 3 Cal.App.5th at p. 994; Sargon Enterprises, Inc. v. University of Southern California (2012) 55 Cal.4th 747, 753.) Thus, “[w] here general background hearsay is concerned, the expert m ay testify about it so long as it is reliable and of a type generally relied upon by experts in the fi eld, again subject to the
court’ s gatekeeping duty under Sargon

. ” ( Stamps , at p. 996;
Sanchez

, at pp. 676

– 679 .)
Sanchez also explained that an “expert ma y still rely on hearsay in forming an opinion, and may tell the jury in general

terms that he did so.” ( Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at p. 685 .) However, “[i]t has long been the rule that an expert may not

‘ “under the guise of reasons [for an opinion] bring before the jury incompetent hearsay evidence.” ’ ” ( Id . at p. 679.) Thus, “[w]hat
an expert cannot do is relate as true case

- specific facts asserted in hearsay statem ents” about which the expert has no independent knowledge and for which there is n o independent competent
evidence , unless a hearsay exception applies . ( Id. at p. 686 .) In addition, an underlying fact that has not been proven by independent admissible evidence may not be included in a hypothetical question posed to the expert. ( Id . a t p p

. 677, 686; Stamps

, supra , 3 Cal.App.5th at p. 996 .) “Like any other hearsay evidence, [case

- specific hearsay considered by an expert] must be properly admitted through an applicable hearsay exception. Alternatively, the evidence can be admitted through an14

appropriate witness and the expert may assume its truth in a properly worded hypothetical question in the traditional manner.” ( Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at p. 684 , fn. omitted ; People v. Jeffrey G. (2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 501, 510 ( Jeffrey G. )

. ) Appellant maintains that Sanchez does not preclude expert testimony based on medical records and police reports showing Miller was schizophrenic and had been aggressive in contacts with Florida police 20 years earlier because “an expert may still rely on hearsay in forming an opinion and may tell the jury he did so in general terms, with a hypothetica l including case specific
facts. ” What appellant proposes is not simply inform ing the jury “in general terms” what the expert relied on, however. Rather, b y appellant ’s reasoning, the exception would swallow the rule by allowing an expert to rely on case

- specific hearsay under the
fiction that it is not offered for its truth

— precisely what Sanchez prohibits. As the high court explained, “ T here is a distinction to be made between allowing an expert to describe the type or source of the matter relied upon as opposed to presenting, as fact,

case

- specific hearsay that does not otherwise f all under a statutory exception. ” ( Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at p

. 686.) The former properly allows the jury to evaluate the probative value of the expert’s testimony, while the latter purports to transform otherwise inadmissible hearsay into competent evidence offered for its truth. ( Id . at pp. 683, 686.) In short, Sanchez precluded the defense expert from relating to the jury the contents of the medical records and police reports pertaining to the victim in this

case

. The trial court also properly excluded the defense expert’s testimony based on the documents, for w ithout disclosure of the contents of the records, any opinion the expert might have offered
would have been irrelevant. As Sanchez recognized, “ W hen an15

expert relies on hearsay to provide case

- specific facts, considers the statements as true, and relates them to the jury as a reliable basis for the expert’s opinion, it cannot logically be asserted that the hearsay content is not offered for its truth.” ( Sanchez

, supra , 63 Cal.4th at p. 682.) Thus, the validity of the expert’s opinion depends entirely on the truth of the hearsay: “If the underlying hearsay is not true, the opinion is rendered irrelevant to the case at hand.” ( Jeffrey G.

, supra , 13 Cal.App.5th at p. 509; Sanchez , at

pp. 682

– 683.)
II. Remand Is Not Warranted for Reconsideration
of the Firearm Enhancement Appellant contends the case must be remanded for reconsideration of his firearm enhancement pursuant to Senate Bill No. 620, which gave trial courts discretion to strike firearm enhancements when the law became effective on January 1, 2 018. Respondent concedes that the new legislation applies retroactively to cases in which judgment is not yet final on appeal. (See In re Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740, 748 [for a non

final conviction, “where the amendatory statute mitigates punishment an d there is no saving clause, the rule is that the amendment will operate retroactively so that the lighter punishment is imposed”]; People v. Francis (1969) 71 Cal.2d 66,
75

– 78 [where statute enacted during pending appeal gave trial court discretion to imp ose a lesser penalty, remand was required for resentencing].) Nevertheless, the Attorney General maintains that remand in this case is inappropriate because the trial court’s statements on the record affirmatively demonstrate that the trial
court would no t exercise its new discretion to strike appellant’s
firearm enhancement

. We agree. The People rely on People v. Gutierrez (1996) 48 Cal.App.4th 1894 ( Gutierrez ) to argue that no purpose would be16

served by a remand in this case. In Gutierrez , the Court of Appeal declined remand to allow the trial court to exercise its
new discretion under Romero 6 to strike a prior conviction under
the “Three Strikes” law. The court held that Romero did not require remand where the sentencing court had unequivocally
indicated that it would not have exercise d its discretion to strike
the Three S trikes prior even if it had believed it could have done so. ( Gutierrez

, at p. 1896

. ) Given that the trial court had properly exercised its sentencing discretion to impose the maximum term, the court concluded that “no purpose would be served in remanding for reconsideration.” ( Ibid .) Also in the
Romero context, our Supreme Court has unambiguously held that

“ remand is not required where the trial court’s comments indicate that even if it had authority to strike a prior felony conviction allegation, it would decline to do so.” ( People v. Fuhrman (1997) 16 Cal.4th 930, 944; Romero

, supra , 13 Cal.4th at p. 530, fn. 13 ;

see People v. Gamble (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 891, 901 [if “ ‘the
record shows that the trial court would not have exercised its discretion even if it believed it could do so, then remand would be an idle act and is not required’ ”] .)
Under Penal Cod e section 12022.5, subdivision (a), t he trial court in this case had discretion to impose a 3

- , 4

- , or 10

- year prison term for the firearm enhancement in count 1. In choosing
the 10

- year enhancement, the trial court identified several aggravating factors, including the lack of significant provocation, appellant’s disposition for violence, his lack of any remorse, and
his “callous reaction” after shooting an unarmed homeless man

6 People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497.17

six or seven times. Thes e factors, the court said, far outweighed any mitigati ng factors. The court also n oted that appellant “did not hesitate to shoot this unarmed homeless guy” multiple times,
and described appellant’s attitude as “pretty haunting

. ” Thus, when it imposed the sentence enhancement under Penal Code
section 12022.5, subdivision (a), the court declared

, “ [ T ] his is as aggravated as personal use of a firearm gets,” and “the high term of 10 years on the enhancement is the only appropriat e sentence on the enhancement.” In light of the trial court’s express conside ration of the
factors in aggravati on and mitigat ion , its pointed comments on the record, and its deliberate choice of the highest possible term for the firearm enhancement

, there appears no possibility that , if the case were remanded, the trial court would exercise its
discretion to strike the enhancement altogether. We therefore
conclude that remand in these circumstances would serve no

purpose but to squander scarce judicial resources. ( Fuhrman

, supra , 16 Cal.4th at p. 946 ; Gutierrez

, supra , 48 Cal.App.4th at

p. 1896 ; cf. People v. McDaniels (2018) 22 Cal.App.5th 420, 423 [remand proper where record contains no clear indication of trial court’s intent not to strike firearm enhancement] .)18 DISPOSITION The judgment is affirmed

. CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICA TION.

LUI, P. J.
We concur:

ASHMANN

- GERST

, J.

CHAVEZ

, J.