# Patent

## Title
Genetic loci associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance and methods of use

## Abstract

Various methods and compositions are provided for identifying and/or selecting soybean plants or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In certain embodiments, the method comprises detecting at least one marker locus that is associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In other embodiments, the method further comprises detecting at least one marker profile or haplotype associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In further embodiments, the method comprises crossing a selected soybean plant with a second soybean plant. Further provided are markers, primers, probes and kits useful for identifying and/or selecting soybean plants or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/745,002, filed Dec. 21, 2012, which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods of identifying and/or selecting soybean plants or germplasm that display improved resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode.
REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED AS A TEXT FILE VIA EFS-WEB
The official copy of the sequence listing is submitted concurrently with the specification as a text file via EFS-Web, in compliance with the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), with a file name of 430287seqlist.txt, a creation date of Feb. 26, 2013 and a size of 111 KB. The sequence listing filed via EFS-Web is part of the specification and is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
BACKGROUND
Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) are a major cash crop and investment commodity in North America and elsewhere. Soybean oil is one of the most widely used edible oils, and soybeans are used worldwide both in animal feed and in human food production. Additionally, soybean utilization is expanding to industrial, manufacturing, and pharmaceutical applications.
Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) is a parasitic pest which has threatened soybean production in the U.S. for more than fifty years. Soybean cyst nematode resistance is an economically important trait as infection can substantially reduce yields. Molecular characterization of soybean cyst nematode resistance would have important implications for soybean cultivar improvement.
There remains a need for soybean plants with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode and methods for identifying and selecting such plants.
SUMMARY
Various methods and compositions are provided for identifying and/or selecting soybean plants or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In certain embodiments, the method comprises detecting at least one marker locus that is associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In other embodiments, the method further comprises detecting at least one marker profile or haplotype associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In further embodiments, the method comprises crossing a selected soybean plant with a second soybean plant. Further provided are markers, primers, probes and kits useful for identifying and/or selecting soybean plants or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, as well as soybean plants and seeds comprising one or more soybean cyst nematode loci.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 A-C provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group C1.
FIG. 2 A-B provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group B1.
FIG. 3 A-D provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group D2.
FIG. 4 A-D provide a genetic map for loci on LG B1. Genetic map positions are based on the public integrated map (Hyten et al. (2010) Crop Sci 50:960-968). Physical map positions are based on the public physical map Glyma1 Williams82 soybean reference assembly (Schmutz et al. (2010) Nature 463:178-183; and phytozome.net/soybean).
FIG. 5 A-C provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group D1b.
FIG. 6 A-C provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group C2.
FIG. 7 A-B provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group B2.
FIG. 8 A-B provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group E.
FIG. 9 A-B provides a genetic map for loci on linkage group L.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Certain definitions used in the specification and claims are provided below. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:
As used in this specification and the appended claims, terms in the singular and the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” for example, include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “plant,” “the plant,” or “a plant” also includes a plurality of plants; also, depending on the context, use of the term “plant” can also include genetically similar or identical progeny of that plant; use of the term “a nucleic acid” optionally includes, as a practical matter, many copies of that nucleic acid molecule; similarly, the term “probe” optionally (and typically) encompasses many similar or identical probe molecules.
Additionally, as used herein, “comprising” is to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, integers, steps, or components, or groups thereof. Thus, for example, a kit comprising one pair of oligonucleotide primers may have two or more pairs of oligonucleotide primers. Additionally, the term “comprising” is intended to include examples encompassed by the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of.” Similarly, the term “consisting essentially of” is intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of.”
“Agronomics,” “agronomic traits,” and “agronomic performance” refer to the traits (and underlying genetic elements) of a given plant variety that contribute to yield over the course of a growing season. Individual agronomic traits include emergence vigor, vegetative vigor, stress resistance, disease resistance or resistance, insect resistance or resistance, herbicide resistance, branching, flowering, seed set, seed size, seed density, standability, threshability, and the like.
“Allele” means any of one or more alternative forms of a genetic sequence. In a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given sequence typically occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes. With regard to a SNP marker, allele refers to the specific nucleotide base present at that SNP locus in that individual plant.
The term “amplifying” in the context of nucleic acid amplification is any process whereby additional copies of a selected nucleic acid (or a transcribed form thereof) are produced. An “amplicon” is an amplified nucleic acid, e.g., a nucleic acid that is produced by amplifying a template nucleic acid by any available amplification method
An “ancestral line” is a parent line used as a source of genes, e.g., for the development of elite lines.
An “ancestral population” is a group of ancestors that have contributed the bulk of the genetic variation that was used to develop elite lines.
“Backcrossing” is a process in which a breeder crosses a progeny variety back to one of the parental genotypes one or more times.
The term “chromosome segment” designates a contiguous linear span of genomic DNA that resides in planta on a single chromosome. “Chromosome interval” refers to a chromosome segment defined by specific flanking marker loci.
“Cultivar” and “variety” are used synonymously and mean a group of plants within a species (e.g., Glycine max) that share certain genetic traits that separate them from other possible varieties within that species. Soybean cultivars are inbred lines produced after several generations of self-pollinations. Individuals within a soybean cultivar are homogeneous, nearly genetically identical, with most loci in the homozygous state.
An “elite line” is an agronomically superior line that has resulted from many cycles of breeding and selection for superior agronomic performance. Numerous elite lines are available and known to those of skill in the art of soybean breeding.
An “elite population” is an assortment of elite individuals or lines that can be used to represent the state of the art in terms of agronomically superior genotypes of a given crop species, such as soybean.
An “exotic soybean strain” or an “exotic soybean germplasm” is a strain or germplasm derived from a soybean not belonging to an available elite soybean line or strain of germplasm. In the context of a cross between two soybean plants or strains of germplasm, an exotic germplasm is not closely related by descent to the elite germplasm with which it is crossed. Most commonly, the exotic germplasm is not derived from any known elite line of soybean, but rather is selected to introduce novel genetic elements (typically novel alleles) into a breeding program.
A “genetic map” is a description of genetic linkage relationships among loci on one or more chromosomes (or linkage groups) within a given species, generally depicted in a diagrammatic or tabular form.
“Genotype” is a description of the allelic state at one or more loci.
“Germplasm” means the genetic material that comprises the physical foundation of the hereditary qualities of an organism. As used herein, germplasm includes seeds and living tissue from which new plants may be grown; or, another plant part, such as leaf, stem, pollen, or cells, that may be cultured into a whole plant. Germplasm resources provide sources of genetic traits used by plant breeders to improve commercial cultivars.
An individual is “homozygous” if the individual has only one type of allele at a given locus (e.g., a diploid individual has a copy of the same allele at a locus for each of two homologous chromosomes). An individual is “heterozygous” if more than one allele type is present at a given locus (e.g., a diploid individual with one copy each of two different alleles). The term “homogeneity” indicates that members of a group have the same genotype at one or more specific loci. In contrast, the term “heterogeneity” is used to indicate that individuals within the group differ in genotype at one or more specific loci.
“Introgression” means the entry or introduction of a gene, QTL, haplotype, marker profile, trait, or trait locus from the genome of one plant into the genome of another plant.
The terms “label” or “detectable label” refer to a molecule capable of detection. A detectable label can also include a combination of a reporter and a quencher, such as are employed in FRET probes or TaqManTM probes. The term “reporter” refers to a substance or a portion thereof which is capable of exhibiting a detectable signal, which signal can be suppressed by a quencher. The detectable signal of the reporter is, e.g., fluorescence in the detectable range. The term “quencher” refers to a substance or portion thereof which is capable of suppressing, reducing, inhibiting, etc., the detectable signal produced by the reporter. As used herein, the terms “quenching” and “fluorescence energy transfer” refer to the process whereby, when a reporter and a quencher are in close proximity, and the reporter is excited by an energy source, a substantial portion of the energy of the excited state non-radiatively transfers to the quencher where it either dissipates non-radiatively or is emitted at a different emission wavelength than that of the reporter.
A “line” or “strain” is a group of individuals of identical parentage that are generally inbred to some degree and that are generally homozygous and homogeneous at most loci (isogenic or near isogenic). A “subline” refers to an inbred subset of descendants that are genetically distinct from other similarly inbred subsets descended from the same progenitor. Traditionally, a subline has been derived by inbreeding the seed from an individual soybean plant selected at the F3 to F5 generation until the residual segregating loci are “fixed” or homozygous across most or all loci. Commercial soybean varieties (or lines) are typically produced by aggregating (“bulking”) the self-pollinated progeny of a single F3 to F5 plant from a controlled cross between 2 genetically different parents. While the variety typically appears uniform, the self-pollinating variety derived from the selected plant eventually (e.g., F8) becomes a mixture of homozygous plants that can vary in genotype at any locus that was heterozygous in the originally selected F3 to F5 plant. Marker-based sublines that differ from each other based on qualitative polymorphism at the DNA level at one or more specific marker loci are derived by genotyping a sample of seed derived from individual self-pollinated progeny derived from a selected F3-F5 plant. The seed sample can be genotyped directly as seed, or as plant tissue grown from such a seed sample. Optionally, seed sharing a common genotype at the specified locus (or loci) are bulked providing a subline that is genetically homogenous at identified loci important for a trait of interest (e.g., yield, resistance, etc.).
“Linkage” refers to the tendency for alleles to segregate together more often than expected by chance if their transmission was independent. Typically, linkage refers to alleles on the same chromosome. Genetic recombination occurs with an assumed random frequency over the entire genome. Genetic maps are constructed by measuring the frequency of recombination between pairs of traits or markers, the lower the frequency of recombination, and the greater the degree of linkage.
“Linkage disequilibrium” or “LD” is a non-random association of alleles at two or more loci and can occur between unlinked markers. It is based on allele frequencies within a population and is influenced by but not dependent on linkage.
“Linkage group” (LG) refers to traits or markers that generally co-segregate. A linkage group generally corresponds to a chromosomal region containing genetic material that encodes the traits or markers.
“Locus” is a defined segment of DNA.
A “map location” or “map position” is an assigned location on a genetic map relative to linked genetic markers where a specified marker can be found within a given species. Map positions are generally provided in centimorgans (cM), unless otherwise indicated, genetic positions provided are based on the Glycine max consensus map v 4.0 as provided by Hyten et al. (2010) Crop Sci 50:960-968. A “physical position” or “physical location” or “physical map location” is the position, typically in nucleotides bases, of a particular nucleotide, such as a SNP nucleotide, on a chromosome. Unless otherwise indicated, the physical position within the soybean genome provided is based on the Glyma 1.0 genome sequence described in Schmutz et al. (2010) Nature 463:178-183, available from the Phytozome website (phytozome-dot-net/soybean).
“Mapping” is the process of defining the linkage relationships of loci through the use of genetic markers, populations segregating for the markers, and standard genetic principles of recombination frequency.
“Marker” or “molecular marker” or “marker locus” is a term used to denote a nucleic acid or amino acid sequence that is sufficiently unique to characterize a specific locus on the genome. Any detectable polymorphic trait can be used as a marker so long as it is inherited differentially and exhibits linkage disequilibrium with a phenotypic trait of interest.
“Marker assisted selection” refers to the process of selecting a desired trait or traits in a plant or plants by detecting one or more nucleic acids from the plant, where the nucleic acid is linked to the desired trait, and then selecting the plant or germplasm possessing those one or more nucleic acids.
“Haplotype” refers to a combination of particular alleles present within a particular plant's genome at two or more linked marker loci, for instance at two or more loci on a particular linkage group. For instance, in one example, two specific marker loci on LG-O are used to define a haplotype for a particular plant. In still further examples, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more linked marker loci are used to define a haplotype for a particular plant.
As used herein, a “marker profile” means a combination of particular alleles present within a particular plant's genome at two or more marker loci which are not linked, for instance two or more loci on two or more different linkage groups or two or more chromosomes. For instance, in one example, a particular combination of marker loci or a particular combination of haplotypes define the marker profile of a particular plant.
The term “plant” includes reference to an immature or mature whole plant, including a plant from which seed or grain or anthers have been removed. Seed or embryo that will produce the plant is also considered to be the plant.
“Plant parts” means any portion or piece of a plant, including leaves, stems, buds, roots, root tips, anthers, seed, grain, embryo, pollen, ovules, flowers, cotyledons, hypocotyls, pods, flowers, shoots, stalks, tissues, tissue cultures, cells and the like.
“Polymorphism” means a change or difference between two related nucleic acids. A “nucleotide polymorphism” refers to a nucleotide that is different in one sequence when compared to a related sequence when the two nucleic acids are aligned for maximal correspondence.
“Polynucleotide,” “polynucleotide sequence,” “nucleic acid,” “nucleic acid molecule,” “nucleic acid sequence,” “nucleic acid fragment,” and “oligonucleotide” are used interchangeably herein to indicate a polymer of nucleotides that is single- or multi-stranded, that optionally contains synthetic, non-natural, or altered RNA or DNA nucleotide bases. A DNA polynucleotide may be comprised of one or more strands of cDNA, genomic DNA, synthetic DNA, or mixtures thereof.
“Primer” refers to an oligonucleotide which is capable of acting as a point of initiation of nucleic acid synthesis or replication along a complementary strand when placed under conditions in which synthesis of a complementary strand is catalyzed by a polymerase. Typically, primers are about 10 to 30 nucleotides in length, but longer or shorter sequences can be employed. Primers may be provided in double-stranded form, though the single-stranded form is more typically used. A primer can further contain a detectable label, for example a 5′ end label.
“Probe” refers to an oligonucleotide that is complementary (though not necessarily fully complementary) to a polynucleotide of interest and forms a duplexed structure by hybridization with at least one strand of the polynucleotide of interest. Typically, probes are oligonucleotides from 10 to 50 nucleotides in length, but longer or shorter sequences can be employed. A probe can further contain a detectable label.
“Quantitative trait loci” or “QTL” refer to the genetic elements controlling a quantitative trait.
“Recombination frequency” is the frequency of a crossing over event (recombination) between two genetic loci. Recombination frequency can be observed by following the segregation of markers and/or traits during meiosis.
“Resistance and “improved resistance” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any type of increase in resistance or resistance to, or any type of decrease in susceptibility. A “resistant plant” or “resistant plant variety” need not possess absolute or complete resistance. Instead, a “resistant plant,” “resistant plant variety,” or a plant or plant variety with “improved resistance” will have a level of resistance or resistance which is higher than that of a comparable susceptible plant or variety.
“Self-crossing” or “self-pollination” or “selfing” is a process through which a breeder crosses a plant with itself; for example, a second generation hybrid F2 with itself to yield progeny designated F2:3.
“SNP” or “single nucleotide polymorphism” means a sequence variation that occurs when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the genome sequence is altered or variable. “SNP markers” exist when SNPs are mapped to sites on the soybean genome.
The term “yield” refers to the productivity per unit area of a particular plant product of commercial value. For example, yield of soybean is commonly measured in bushels of seed per acre or metric tons of seed per hectare per season. Yield is affected by both genetic and environmental factors.
As used herein, an “isolated” or “purified” polynucleotide or polypeptide, or biologically active portion thereof, is substantially or essentially free from components that normally accompany or interact with the polynucleotide or polypeptide as found in its naturally occurring environment. Typically, an “isolated” polynucleotide is free of sequences (optimally protein encoding sequences) that naturally flank the polynucleotide (i.e., sequences located at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the polynucleotide) in the genomic DNA of the organism from which the polynucleotide is derived. For example, the isolated polynucleotide can contain less than about 5 kb, 4 kb, 3 kb, 2 kb, 1 kb, 0.5 kb, or 0.1 kb of nucleotide sequence that naturally flank the polynucleotide in genomic DNA of the cell from which the polynucleotide is derived. A polypeptide that is substantially free of cellular material includes preparations of polypeptides having less than about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% (by dry weight) of contaminating protein, culture media or other chemical components.
Standard recombinant DNA and molecular cloning techniques used herein are well known in the art and are described more fully in Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, 1989 (hereinafter “Sambrook”).
Methods are provided for identifying and/or selecting a soybean plant or soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. The method comprises detecting in the soybean plant or germplasm, or a part thereof, at least one marker locus associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Also provided are isolated polynucleotides and kits for use in identifying and/or detecting a soybean plant or soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, and soybean plants, cells, and/or seeds comprising at least one marker locus conferring improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, and soybean plants, cells, and/or seeds comprising at least one marker locus conferring improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
Provided herein are marker loci associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance that have been identified and mapped to genomic loci on linkage groups D b, B2, B1, C2, E, C1, D2, and L. These genomic regions represent both major and minor QTLs associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance.
These findings have important implications for soybean production, as identifying markers that can be used for selection of soybean cyst nematode resistance will greatly expedite the development of soybean cyst nematode resistance into elite cultivars.
Marker loci, haplotypes and marker profiles associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, are provided. Further provided are genomic loci that are associated with soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In certain embodiments, soybean plants or germplasm are identified that have at least one favorable allele, marker locus, haplotype or marker profile that positively correlates with resistance or improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. However, in other embodiments, it is useful for exclusionary purposes during breeding to identify alleles, marker loci, haplotypes, or marker profiles that negatively correlate with resistance, for example, to eliminate such plants or germplasm from subsequent rounds of breeding.
In one embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode are between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises one or more of S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 or a closely linked marker.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode are between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S07162-1-Q1, or a closely linked marker.
In yet another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode are between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S07161-1-Q1, or a closely linked marker.
Non-limiting examples of marker loci located within, linked to, or closely linked to these genomic loci are provided in Table 1 and Table 9 and FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.







TABLE 1







Marker Positions For Marker Loci Associated With Resistance to Soybean Cyst


Nematode.

















Public









Map
Public
Marker






Flanking
Position
Physical
Physical




Marker
Linkage
Public
Region
Map Position
Map




Name
Group
Markers*
(CM)*
Region*
Position**
Allele (R/S)
Source

















S04196-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37220324-
37220579
*******/
Peking


1-B

Satt453
123.95
37220725

CATGCAA



 


S04938-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
36954900-
36954994
C/T
Peking


1-A

Satt453
123.95
36955533





 


S04937-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
36954339-
36954799
T/C
Peking


1-Q1

Satt453
123.95
36954916





 


S08344-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
36781634-
36781754
C/T
Peking


1-Q1

Satt453
123.95
36781933





 


S08343-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37020146-
37020399
C/A
PI437654


1-Q1

Satt453
123.95
37020659





 


S08346-
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37020037-
37020092
CA . . . G/
PI437654


1-Q1

Satt453
123.95
37020146

GA . . . T



 


S06786-1
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37310886-
37311443
A/C





Satt453
123.95
37311630





 


S06787-1
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37333461-
37333894
G/T





Satt453
123.95
37334083





 


S06803-1
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37334355-
37334507
A/G





Satt453
123.95
37335008





 


S04197-1
B1
Sat_123-
100.87-
37117156-
37117244
C/A
Peking




Satt453
123.95
37117406





 


S07162-
C1
sat_207-
87.3-
42916694-
42916770
C/T
PI437654


1-Q1

satt713
88.94
42916901





 


S07161-
D2
satt574-
87.66-
34888639-
34888681
A/T
PI437654


1-Q1

satt615
91.2
34888798





*Gm composite v4.0 Genetic Map


**JGI Glyma1 assembly






In certain embodiments, multiple marker loci that collectively make up the soybean cyst nematode resistance haplotype of interest are investigated. For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more of the various marker loci provided herein can comprise a soybean cyst nematode resistance haplotype. In some embodiments, the haplotype comprises: (a) two or more marker loci found between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker loci comprising S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 on linkage group B1, or a closely linked marker; (c) two or more marker loci between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; and/or (d) two or more marker loci between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2.
In one embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode are in an interval flanked by and including marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b. In some examples, the marker locus is in an interval flanked by and including S00479 and S02136. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises one or more of S01519-1-A; S08177-1-Q1; S00479-1-A; S02136-1-A; S00875-1-A; S12875-1-Q1; S12950-1-Q1; S12947-1-Q1; S12933-1-Q1; S12853-1-Q1; S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode are in an interval flanked by and including Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2. In some examples one or more loci are in an interval flanked by and including S02874 and S04785—on linkage group B2. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
In yet another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode in an interval flanked by and including S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode in an interval flanked by and including S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode associated with one or more marker locus selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, S06792-1-Q1.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst in an interval flanked by and including Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2. In some examples the interval is flanked by and includes S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode in an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end. In some example the interval is flanked by and includes BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E. In some examples the interval is flanked by and includes Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E. In some examples the interval is flanked by and includes S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
In another embodiment, marker loci useful for identifying a first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM. In some examples the interval is flanked by and comprises S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L. In some examples, the marker is within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991. In some examples, the marker is within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991. In a specific embodiment, the marker locus comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
Non-limiting examples of marker loci located within, linked to, or closely linked to these genomic loci are provided in Table 1 and 9 and FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
In certain embodiments, multiple marker loci that collectively make up the soybean cyst nematode resistance haplotype of interest are investigated. For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more of the various marker loci provided herein can comprise a soybean cyst nematode resistance haplotype. In some embodiments, the haplotype comprises: (a) two or more marker locus flanked by and including S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) two or more marker locus comprising S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) two or more marker locus flanked by and including S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) two or more marker locus selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 on linkage group B1; (g) two or more marker locus flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) two or more marker locus flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) two or more marker locus comprising S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) two or more marker locus an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) two or more marker locus flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) two or more marker locus flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) two or more marker locus flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) two or more marker locus comprising S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) two or more marker locus in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) two or more marker locus in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) two or more marker locus comprising S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) two or more marker locus flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) two or more marker locus flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) two or more maker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) two or more marker locus comprising one or more of S01519-1-A; S08177-1-Q1; S00479-1-A; S02136-1-A; S00875-1-A; S12875-1-Q1; S12950-1-Q1; S12947-1-Q1; S12933-1-Q1; S12853-1-Q1; S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) two or more marker locus flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) two or more marker locus flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) two or more marker locus comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2.
In one embodiment, the method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode comprises detecting in the genome of the first soybean plant or in the genome of the first soybean germplasm at least one haplotype that is associated with the resistance, wherein the at least one haplotype comprises at least two of the various marker loci provided herein.
In certain embodiments, two or more marker loci or haplotypes can collectively make up a marker profile. The marker profile can comprise any two or more marker loci comprising: (a) any marker loci between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1; (b) marker loci comprising S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 on linkage group B1, or a closely linked marker; (c) any marker loci between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; (d) marker loci comprising S07162-1-Q1 on linkage group C1, or a closely linked marker; (e) any marker loci between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2; and/or (f) marker loci comprising S07161-1-Q1 on linkage group D2, or a closely linked marker; (g) marker loci comprising S07160-1 on linkage group A2, or a closely linked marker; (h) any marker loci associated with the rhg4 locus on linkage group A2; (i) any marker loci associated with the rhg1 locus on linkage group G, or a closely linked marker; (j) any marker loci associated with the rhg2 locus on linkage group M; and/or (k) any marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In certain embodiments, two or more marker loci or haplotypes can collectively make up a marker profile. The marker profile can comprise any two or more marker loci comprising: (a) two or more marker locus flanked by and including S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) two or more marker locus comprising S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) two or more marker locus flanked by and including S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) two or more marker locus selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 on linkage group B1; (g) two or more marker locus flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) two or more marker locus flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) two or more marker locus comprising S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) two or more marker locus an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) two or more marker locus flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) two or more marker locus flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) two or more marker locus flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) two or more marker locus comprising S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) two or more marker locus in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) two or more marker locus in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) two or more marker locus comprising S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) two or more marker locus flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) two or more marker locus flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) two or more maker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) two or more marker locus comprising one or more of S01519-1-A; S08177-1-Q1; S00479-1-A; S02136-1-A; S00875-1-A; S12875-1-Q1; S12950-1-Q1; S12947-1-Q1; S12933-1-Q1; S12853-1-Q1; S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) two or more marker locus flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) two or more marker locus flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) two or more marker locus within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) two or more marker locus comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2; (ah) marker loci comprising S07160-1 on linkage group A2, or a closely linked marker; (ai) any marker loci associated with the rhg4 locus on linkage group A2; (aj) any marker loci associated with the rhg1 locus on linkage group G, or a closely linked marker; (ak) any marker loci associated with the rhg2 locus on linkage group M; and/or (al) any marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
Any of the marker loci in any of the genomic loci disclosed herein can be combined in the marker profile. For example, the marker profile can comprise 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more marker loci or haplotypes associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode provided herein.
In one embodiment, a method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode comprises detecting in the genome of the first soybean plant or in the genome of the first soybean germplasm at least one marker profile that is associated with the resistance, wherein the at least one marker profile comprises at least two of the various marker loci provided herein.
Not only can one detect the various markers provided herein, it is recognized that one could detect any markers that are closely linked to the various markers discussed herein.
In addition to the markers discussed herein, information regarding useful soybean markers can be found, for example, on the USDA's Soybase website, available at soybase.org. One of skill in the art will recognize that the identification of favorable marker alleles may be germplasm-specific. The determination of which marker alleles correlate with resistance (or susceptibility) is determined for the particular germplasm under study. One of skill will also recognize that methods for identifying the favorable alleles are routine and well known in the art, and furthermore, that the identification and use of such favorable alleles is well within the scope of the invention.
Various methods are provided to identify soybean plants and/or germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. In one embodiment, the method of identifying comprises detecting at least one marker locus associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. The term “associated with” in connection with a relationship between a marker locus and a phenotype refers to a statistically significant dependence of marker frequency with respect to a quantitative scale or qualitative gradation of the phenotype. Thus, an allele of a marker is associated with a trait of interest when the allele of the marker locus and the trait phenotypes are found together in the progeny of an organism more often than if the marker genotypes and trait phenotypes segregated separately.
Any combination of the marker loci provided herein can be used in the methods to identify a soybean plant or soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Any one marker locus or any combination of the markers set forth in Table 1 and 9 or FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, or any closely linked marker can be used to aid in identifying and selecting soybean plants or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In one embodiment, a method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode is provided. The method comprises detecting in the genome of the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm an allele of at least one marker locus that is associated with resistance. In such a method, the at least one marker locus: (A) can be between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1; (B) can comprise one or more of the marker loci S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 on linkage group B1, or a closely linked marker; (C) can be between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; (D) can comprise the marker locus S07162-1-Q1, or a closely linked marker; (E) can be between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2; and/or (F) can comprise the marker locus S07161-1-Q1, or a closely linked marker.
In one embodiment, a method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode is provided. The method comprises detecting in the genome of the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm at least one marker locus that is associated with resistance. In such a method, the at least one marker locus (a) is flanked by S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) is within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) is flanked by S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) is selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (g) is flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) is flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) is within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) is within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) is in an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) is flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) is flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) is flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) is in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) is in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) is flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) is flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) comprises one or more of S01519-1-A; S08177-1-Q1; S00479-1-A; S02136-1-A; S00875-1-A; S12875-1-Q1; S12950-1-Q1; S12947-1-Q1; S12933-1-Q1; S12853-1-Q1; S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) is flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) is flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2.
In other embodiments, two or more marker loci are detected in the method. In a specific embodiment, the germplasm is a soybean variety.
In other embodiments, the method further comprises crossing the selected first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm with a second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm. In a further embodiment of the method, the second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm comprises an exotic soybean strain or an elite soybean strain.
In specific embodiments, the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm comprises a soybean variety. Any soybean line known to the art or disclosed herein may be used. Non-limiting examples of soybean varieties and their associated soybean cyst nematode resistance alleles encompassed by the methods provided herein include, for example, those listed in Table 1 and 9 and FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
In another embodiment, the detection method comprises amplifying at least one marker locus and detecting the resulting amplified marker amplicon. In such a method, amplifying comprises (a) admixing an amplification primer or amplification primer pair for each marker locus being amplified with a nucleic acid isolated from the first soybean plant or the first soybean germplasm such that the primer or primer pair is complementary or partially complementary to a variant or fragment of the genomic locus comprising the marker locus and is capable of initiating DNA polymerization by a DNA polymerase using the soybean nucleic acid as a template; and (b) extending the primer or primer pair in a DNA polymerization reaction comprising a DNA polymerase and a template nucleic acid to generate at least one amplicon. In such a method, the primer or primer pair can comprise a variant or fragment of one or more of the genomic loci provided herein.
In one embodiment, the method involves amplifying a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOS: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377 or variants or fragments thereof. In one embodiment, the primer or primer pair can comprise a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOS: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377 or complements thereof. In specific embodiments, the primer or primer pair comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and/or 248 or variants or fragments thereof.
In a specific embodiment, the primer pair comprises SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO: 39 and SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO: 66 and SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO: 72 and SEQ ID NO:73, or SEQ ID NO: 82 and SEQ ID NO:83 or the primer pairs set forth in Table 3.
In another embodiment, the method further comprises providing one or more labeled nucleic acid probes suitable for detection of each marker locus being amplified. In such a method, the labeled nucleic acid probe can comprise a sequence comprising a variant or fragment of one or more of the genomic loci provided herein. In one embodiment, the labeled nucleic acid probe can comprise a sequence comprising a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOS: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377 or complements thereof. In specific embodiments, the labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOS: 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338 or variants or fragments thereof.
Non-limiting examples of primers, probes, genomic loci and amplicons that can be used in the methods and compositions provided herein are summarized in Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.







TABLE 2







Non-Limiting Examples of Primer Sequences.














Linkage


SEQ




Marker
Group

Primer
ID

Allele


position
(ch)
Locus
Name
NO
Primer Sequence
(Res/Sus)
















37220579
B1
S04196-1
141527
1
GCCATCCTAGCTAGCCCTGT
*******/



(Gm11)




CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
S04196-1
141528
2
TTGACCTGTTGATTATTTCGTAA
*******/



(Gm11)



TG
CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
S04196-1
S4196-F2
3
GCCATCCTAGCTAGCCCTGTATA
*******/



(Gm11)



T
CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
S04196-1
S4196-R2
4
GTGTTAGGTGTCATCGAGGCAT
*******/



(Gm11)




CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
S04196-1
S4196-F3
5
TCCTAGCTAGCCCTGTATATTTT




(Gm11)



GA
CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
S04196-1
S4196-R3
6
TAGGTGTCATCGAGGCATCG
*******/



(Gm11)




CATGCAA


 


37220579
B1
504196-1
S4196-R4
7
AATTATCTTGACCTGTTGATTAT
*******/



(Gm11)



TTCG
CATGCAA


 


36954994
B1
S04938-1
S04938-
8
CCACAACCTATTGTTGAAGCAC
C/T



(Gm11)

F1





 


36954994
B1
S04938-1
S04938-
9
TGTGCACTCCTGACTGCTTT
C/T



(Gm11)

R1





 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
141535,
10
TCAACCGTGGAAAGTAACCA
T/C



(Gm11)

S04937-








F1





 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
141536
11
GTTCTTGAAAGTTGGAGACTRAA
T/C



(Gm11)



TG



 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
148638,
12
TCCTTGGAAGGTTCGGTAGA
T/C



(Gm11)







 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
148639,
13
TCAATTTAGTTCTTGAAAGTTGG
T/C



(Gm11)

S04937-1

AGAC






R3





 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
S04937-
14
AACCGTGGAAAGTAACCAAAAA
T/C



(Gm11)

F3





 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
S04937-
15
ACCTCAACCGTGGAAAGTAACC
T/C



(Gm11)

F4





 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
S04937-
16
GGAATGACATTAACTTGGTTTTT
T/C



(Gm11)

R4

GA



 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
S04937-
17
TGACATTAACTTGGTTTTTGATC
T/C



(Gm11)

R5

CT



 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136830
18
CGACACCAATTFCTCCATCC
C/T



(Gm11)







 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136831
19
ATGTCGGAACTTGGCATCTT
C/T



(Gm11)







 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
P12198A1-
20
CACGACACCAATTTCTCCATCCT
C/T



(Gm11)

F(128-)

CTCA






76806





 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
86074:
21
CAACATTCCCAGTCGACACGTCT
C/T



(Gm11)

P12198A-

TCT






1T66A21








8F





 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
86075:
22
AAGGCATGTCGGAACTTGGCATC
C/T



(Gm11)

P12198A-

T






1T66A21








8R





 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
92472-
23
TGATTTCCAATGTAAATCAACCA
C/T



(Gm11)

p12198A1_R

TT



 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136828
24
AATACCCTTCCACGACACCA
C/T



(Gm11)







 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136829
25
CGGAACTTGGCATCTTTGAT
C/T



(Gm11)







 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136832
25
TCAAACTTGACAAAGCCACAA
C/T



(Gm11)







 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
136833
27
TGCAAAGAGGGTAAGGACTTG
C/T



(Gm11)







 


37020399
B1
S08343-1
19661
28
CCATTTTTGGAGAATCTCGTGTC
C/A



(Gm11)



CGTAG



 


37020399
B1
S08343-1
19389
29
GACTTACCAAATGAGTTTGACCA
C/A



(Gm11)



GGTTTTACC



 


37020399
B1
S08343-1
96347
30
GATGATYCCAAATCTGCTTCA
C/A



(Gm11)







 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136886
31
TTGTTCTCCCGYTTACACCA
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136887
32
TGATACAACGYCCCATTCTTC
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
P8584A-
33
GGTCAAACTCATTTGGTAAGTCT
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)

1-F2,

RAGTTTGC
GA . . . T





82593





 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
Reverse
34
CCCATTCTTCATGTACTCATACA
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)

primer

CCAAGAG
GA . . . T





15081





 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136884
35
TTCTCCCGYTTACACCACAA
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136885
36
CAACGYCCCATTCTTCATGT
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136888
37
GGTTGCAATCAAGAGGGGTA
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
136889
38
TGATGATACAACGYCCCATTC
CA . . . G/



(Gm11)




GA . . . T


 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
144687
39
GCTTTAGACGTGTCCTCCTCA
A/C



(Gm11)







 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
144688
40
CCACTTGGAAAGAGTGGGTTA
A/C



(Gm11)







 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
41
AGACGTGTCCTCCTCAACCA
A/C



(Gm11)

Q1F





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
42
AGGAGAACCCTTCACACTCG
A/C



(Gm11)

Q1R





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
43
CACACTCGCGAGCATAGAAC
A/C



(Gm11)

Q2R





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
44
TTCAATTTGTTGAAGCCTTTTCA
A/C



(Gm11)

Q3F





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
45
GAGGAGAACCCTTCACACTCG
A/C



(Gm11)

Q3R





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
46
TAGACGTGTCCTCCTCAACCAT
A/C



(Gm11)

Q4F





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
47
AACCACTTGGAAAGAGTGGGTT
A/C



(Gm11)

Q4R

A



 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
48
TCAATTTGTTGAAGCCTTTTCA
A/C



(Gm11)

Q5F





 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
S06786-1-
49
TGAGGCTTTTGAGGAGAACC
A/C



(Gm11)

Q5R





 


37333894
B1
S06787-1
142755
50
TGCTGTTCCATAATTAGAATTGG
G/T



(Gm11)



AG



 


37333894
B1
S06787-1
142756
51
CCTGCATCAAGATGAACAAGAA
G/T



(Gm11)







 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
142759
52
GCCAATGGTCCATCAAAATG
A/G



(Gm11)







 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
142760
53
AACATCGAAGGCTGAGAACG
A/G



(Gm11)







 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06787-1-
54
GTGTTGTGTGTGCTGTTCCA
A/G



(Gm11)

Q2F





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06787-1-
55
GTTGGCCAATCAATGAAGGT
A/G



(Gm11)

Q2R





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06787-1-
56
GGTTTCAGTTCCACCACCTG
A/G



(Gm11)

Q3R





 


37334507
B1
S06787-1-

57
AGTGTTGTGTGTGCTGTTCCA
A/G



(Gm11)
Q4F






 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06787-1-
58
AGTTCCACCACCTGCATCAA
A/G



(Gm11)

Q4R





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06803-1-
59
GCTTCAACATCACCAGCAGA
A/G



(Gm11)

Q1F





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06803-1
60
GAAGGCTGAGAACGGACAAG
A/G



(Gm11)

Q1R





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06803-1
61
CATCACCAGCAGAAACTGGA
A/G



(Gm11)

Q2F





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06803-1-
62
CTGCTTCAACATCACCAGCA
A/G



(Gm11)

Q3F





 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
S06803-1-
63
TGCATCCTGCTTTTCTGCTT
A/G



(Gm11)

Q3R





 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
142386
64
TGCCTAATGGGAGAGATGAAG
C/A



(Gm11)







 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
65
CGCAGGTTCTGTTACTCGAAG
C/A



(Gm11)

F2





 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
66
AATGCCTAATGGGAGAGATGAA
C/A



(Gm11)

F2





 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
67
TTTATATTGTAGTGTAGGTGCCT
C/A



(Gm11)

R2

TGTC



 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
68
TGAATATATAAATGCCTAATGGG
C/A



(Gm11)

F3

AGAGA



 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
69
TTGGGTTGAAGCCTTTTATGG
C/A



(Gm11)

R3





 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
70
ACAAGTAAAGTATGGATAAGAT
C/A



(Gm11)

F4

GTGCAA



 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
S04197-1-
71
TCGCAGGTTCTGTTACTCGAA
C/A



(Gm11)

R4





 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136849
72
AATGCAGGGCCAGTTACAAT
C/T



(Gm04)







 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136850
73
AATTGCCCCCATCTTTTCTC
C/T



(Gm04)







 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
80907
74
CAGTTACAATACATACATACGCA
C/T



(Gm04)



TAACCAAAACAGTAACA



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
80908
75
ACTACTGGATTTTAATGTAGGTT
C/T



(Gm04)



TCTTCCATGTAGCTATG



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
87501
76
AACCAAAACAGTAACATCAATG
C/T



(Gm04)



GAAC



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
87504
77
CAAATGGTTGTGTTTTTCTTAGA
C/T



(Gm04)



AATTTC



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136845
78
ACCAAAACAGTAACATCAATGG
C/T



(Gm04)



AA



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136846
79
TTTAATGTAGGTTTCTTCCATGT
C/T



(Gm04)



AGC



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136847
80
ACGCATAACCAAAACAGTAACA
C/T



(Gm04)



TC



 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
136848
81
ATGTAGGTTTCTTCCATGTAGCT
C/T



(Gm04)



ATG



 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
137370
82
TGCTTATCTTGTCTGAAAACCAC
A/T



(Gm17)



T



 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
137374
83
TGACTTTAAGGCAATTCAACTGT
A/T



(Gm17)



ATC



 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
137371
84
ACCTAATGTGATGAGCATCCTTA
A/T



(Gm17)



AT



 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
137372
85
CTTGTCTGAAAACCACTAATGCT
A/T



(Gm17)



C



 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
137373
86
CTAATGTGATGAGCATCCTTAAT
A/T



(Gm17)



TG
















TABLE 3







Non-Limiting Examples of Primer Sequences.












Linkage
SEQ

Allele


Marker
Group (ch)
ID
Primer Sequence
(Res/Sus)





S02621-1-
Dlb (2)
159
GCAATTCGTCCTTCCAAATG
G/A


A

160
GAGTGTGCTTTTGCTCGTTG



 


S01519-1-
Dlb (2)
161
cttgtagcgcagctccagat
C/T


A

162
accatgaagtccttgaagcag



 


S08177-1-
Dlb (2)
163
tttgggaatggagacagagg
T/G


Q1

164
gccctattggcattcttgat



 


S00479-1-
Dlb (2)
165
TCATGCACTGCCCATACCTAAAGG
A/G


A

166
AAACGGATGTGGATGGTTAAGAATTAGAC



 


S02136-1-
Dlb (2)
167
GGCTGCCGTTTATGTTGTTAGCAT
T/C


A

168
AGGTATTTAGAATCAGTCCAAGAAGTGAATTAACT



 


S00875-1-
Dlb (2)
169
ACGCCTCATTATCCGTGACCCT
A/G


A

170
TTCACAATTCTGTGCAGCCGAC



 


S12875-1-
Dlb (2)
171
ggacgtggctcaagagagtt
T/C


Q1

172
tgaatgtgatcaaaagcgaga



 


S12950-1-
Dlb (2)
173
ggtatgtgcacagatcctatgg
G/T




174
ggcatcatgcaaaacaaaaa



 


S12947-1-
Dlb (2)
175
ttggtgactgatcacaagatacg
A/T


Q1

176
tggacaaaaagaagccaaagg



 


S12933-1-
Dlb (2)
177
tcttaggtcgcaaatcacga
G/C


Q1

178
tgcaatcatataaggtttcgttg



 


S12853-1-
Dlb (2)
179
tttccgcgatcaactatttt
A/G


Q1

180
acgatccctaattgctttgc



 


S03246-1-
Dlb (2)
181
tccgacggtatttgagttaagg
A/G


A

182
gcaacgtatttatgcaactcca



 


S12962-1-
Dlb (2)
183
ttgccatggaagggtaaagt
A/G


Q1

184
tgcaccactgcaattagtttg



 


S00144-1-
Dlb (2)
185
AGCTTCAGAGGCACGACTACCAG
G/C


A

186
GGCACCATCATCTCCACCAATC



 


S08166-1-
Dlb (2)
187
ttgaattccacacgacatttg
T/C


Q1

188
gagcgttatggggagctaga



 


S01081-1-
Dlb (2)
189
aacagctttagccttcaacca
A/C


A

190
gttgtgtccaagaagcagca



 


S02183-1-
E (15)
191
caggctcgYagtagttttgga
A/G


A

192
ccaacctctGtagcaa



 


S00350-1-
Dlb (2)
193
TTCCTTTTAATTTGCCCAATGTGAGA
G/C


A

194
TCCTATGTTAGTCCCAGCATGAAACTTC



 


S08166-1-
Dlb (2)
195
ccttccttgatatcttgaggttg
A/G


A

196
cattacaatgtgtgccctgtg



 


S03991-1-
L (19)
197
ctgtcagccatgtcgatttc
A/T


A

198
ctgccagcaaaaacagctaa



 


S04785-1-
B2 (14)
199
tccgaaataaggcacctgtt
T/C


A

200
ttgcgtgagtttgggtatga



 


S02874-1-
B2 (14)
201
gcatggtcttgcaccttttt
T/G


A

202
catggctcatttcccttgtt



 


S04348-1-
B1 (11)
203
caatcacaccaccaccaaga
T/C


A

204
ctttgacaaggccatcgagt



 


S01209-1-
B1 (11)
205
ttcctgaagagcggagacag
A/G


A

206
gcacggagcttctcataagg



 


S01999-1-
B1 (11)
207
ccccaaagtcggagaagaat
T/G


A

208
tgttatgggagggggtga



 


S04937-2-
B1 (11)
209
gcttcttgactttatcrttctctcc
Null/C


A

210
agctagggaaggatttgggta



 


S04937-1-
B1 (11)
211
TCAACCGTGGAAAGTAACCA
A/G


Q1

212
TCAATTTAGTTCTTGAAAGTTGGAGAC



 


S04348-1-
B1 (11)
213
ccacaacctattgttgaagcac
G/A


A

214
tgtgcactcctgactgcttt



 


S04938-2-
B1 (11)
215
tcaaaaccattgttcatctgg
T/G


A

216
gaatagaagatgacaacrcattaaagat



 


S06786-2-
B1 (11)
217
cggacaaggtcctgtaaggt
G/A


Q1

218
ttttgtggattgaattcatggt



 


S06786-3-
B1 (11)
219
tgcaaacactgtaaataacactaatagg
C/T


Q1

220
aaatggttgaggaggacacg



 


S06786-1-
B1 (11)
221
agacgtgtcctcctcaacca
A/C


Q1

222
aggagaacccttcacactcg



 


S06787-2-
B1 (11)
223
attgctggatgtgaggttcc
A/G


Q1

224
tggccaacaaggatgaaaat



 


S06787-1-
B1 (11)
225
tgctgttccataattagaattggag
G/T


Q1

226
cctgcatcaagatgaacaagaa



 


S06803-1-
B1 (11)
227
gcttcaacatcaccagcaga
A/G


Q1

228
gaaggctgagaacggacaag



 


S06804-1-
B1 (11)
229
aggtttctgtccatgcttcag
C/A


Q1

230
gccaataaagcttggtggaa



 


S06787-2-
B1 (11)
231
aagaaaccccaccaataggg
G/A


Q1

232
aacggtttcagggaacattg



 


S06805-1-
B1 (11)
233
gatgaaatgtttctggcttgaaatta
T/C


Q1

234
cctggaaacttgcatgagtg



 


S06789-1-
B1 (11)
235
cgtcagctattccacccttc
A/G


Q1

236
ggtgagatcaagagggcatt



 


S06790-1-
B1 (11)
237
tcctgaaatcccaagcaatc
T/G


Q1

238
cttcaatgggtcgcaaaaag



 


S06791-2-
B1 (11)
239
atgcggaagatcaayagcag
A/T


Q1

240
atgcagacccaattcatgct



 


S06791-1-
B1 (11)
241
acaacgwaaggtatgaggtcaa
C/T


Q1

242
atcggtgagcaagggaaac



 


S06792-1-
B1 (11)
243
tcaaccaaaagtttcccttcc
C/G


Q1

244
gcagccacctaacagaacaaa



 


S02112-1-
C2 (6)
245
CATGTTGCTCGCGACCTTGAC
A/G


A

246
GAAGGTGATTGAGGTGGTGAAGGA



 


S03252-1-
C2 (6)
247
gcttggaatattaatctatggctgt
G/A


A

248
cgcgttacaaattaaagcatgt
















TABLE 4







Non-Limiting Examples of Probe Sequences.














Linkage







Marker
Group

Probe 1

Probe 2



Position
(ch)
Locus
Name
Probe 1 Sequence
Name
Probe 2 Sequence





37220579
B1
S04196-1
141540
ATTCCTAAAGATAGTC
141539
CTAAAGATACATGCA



(Gm11)


CAAT (SEQ ID NO: 87)

AGTC (SEQ ID NO: 88)


 


36954994
B1
S04938-1
504938- 
TTCTGATAGACGAAAC
S04938-
CTGATAGATGAAACC



(Gm1)

1-P1
C (SEQ ID NO: 89)
1-P2
CA (SEQ ID NO: 90)


 


36954799
B1
S04937-1
141537
CAAACTGCAAGATT
141538
CACAAACCGCAAGAT



(Gm11)


(SEQ ID NO: 91)

(SEQ ID NO: 92)


 


36781754
B1
S08344-1
102404
CGGAGAATAAATAAAT
102405
CGGAGAATAAATAAG



(Gm11)


AAG (SEQ ID NO: 93)

TAAG (SEQ ID NO: 94)


 


37020399
B1
S08343-1
102406
TTAGTGGACAGTGCCA
102407
TTAGTTGACAGTGCC



(Gm11)


(SEQ ID NO: 95)

ATA (SEQ ID NO: 96)


 


37020092
B1
S08346-1
102384
TTTGTGAAGAAAAATA
102385
TTGTGAACAAAAAGA



(Gm11)


TGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 97)

TGAA (SEQ ID NO: 98)


 


37311443
B1
S06786-1
142753
CTCAGTATATCATCTTC
142754
CCCTCAGTAGATCAT



(Gm11)


(SEQ ID NO: 99)

(SEQ ID NO: 100)


 


37333894
B1
S06787-1
142757
CACCTAAGGAACAAT
142758
CCTAATGAACAATAC



(Gm11)


(SEQ ID NO: 101)

C (SEQ ID NO: 102)


 


37334507
B1
S06803-1
142761
CTTCCAGTGGCTGCT
142762
CCTTCCAGCGGCT



(Gm11)


(SEQ ID NO: 103)

(SEQ ID NO: 104)


 


37117244
B1
S04197-1
142389
CTACTACCATACCTAA
142388
TACTACCATCCCTAAA



(Gm11)


AC (SEQ ID NO: 105)

C (SEQ ID NO: 106)


 


42916770
C1
S07162-1
102396
AATAGGACACAATTAT
102397
ATAGGACACAATCAT



(Gm04)


TA (SEQ ID NO: 107)

TA (SEQ ID NO: 108)


 


34888681
D2
S07161-1
125316
TCAGTGAGAATAAAA
125331
TCAGTGTGAATAAAA



(Gm17)


(SEQ ID NO: 109)

(SEQ ID NO: 110)
















TABLE 5







Non-Limiting Examples of Probe Sequences.













Linkage







Group

SEQ

SEQ


Marker
(ch)
Probe 1 Sequence
ID
Probe 2 Sequence
ID















S02621-1-
Dlb (2)
CTCTATTACTaTCTGTC
249
TCTATTACTgTCTGTC
294


A

TTT

TTT



 


S01519-1-
Dlb (2)
acaggaCgatactc
250
acaggaTgatactcac
295


A







 


S08177-1-
Dlb (2)
ctttgcatttTagatcat
251
ctttgcatttGagatca
296


Q1







 


S00479-1-
Dlb (2)
CAAGTGATGTTtATTTT
252
CAAGTGATGTTcATTT
297


A



T



 


S02136-1-
Dlb (2)
actcgaaTgtactctc
253
ctcgaaCgtactctc
298


A







 


S00875-1-
Dlb (2)
TCAAGATCATtCACTAT
254
TCAAGATCATcCACTA
299


A

T

TT



 


S12875-1-
Dlb (2)
ccacgtAttgttctt
255
ccacgtGttgttct
300


Q1







 


S12950-1-
Dlb (2)
ccagccttCgtagca
256
ccagccttAgtagcag
301


Q1







 


S12947-1-
Dlb (2)
aaaTtttgtgctatccac
257
aaaAtttgtgctatccac
302


Q1







 


S12933-1-
Dlb (2)
tcaaacaCtgattctc
258
tcaaacaGtgattctc
303


Q1







 


S12853-1-
Dlb (2)
atgctacccgtgtAtat
259
ctacccgtgtGtatac
304


Q1







 


S03246-1-
Dlb (2)
cctatgctatcAgtttt
260
cctatgctatcGgtttt
305


A







 


S12962-1-
Dlb (2)
ttgaaTggtctccacatg
261
tttgaaCggtctccac
306


Q1







 


500144-1-
Dlb (2)
TTCACAAGTgTATAACC
262
TTCACAAGTcTATAAC
307


A



CT



 


S08166-1-
Dlb (2)
acatctcccacTggc
263
catctcccacCggc
308


Q1







 


S01081-1-
Dlb (2)
caaccatgActitc
264
caaccatgCctttc
309


A







 


S02183-1-
E (15)
ccaacctctAtagcaa
265
ccaacctctGtagcaa
310


A







 


S00350-1-
E (15)
TCTTTcACAATCTAC
266
TCTTTgACAATCTAC
311


A







 


S02074-1-
L (19)
ctactcttgcgTtgtt
267
ctcttgcgCtgttaa
312


A







 


S03991-1-
L (19)
tcaaacTaggatctcc
268
tcaaacTaggatctcc
313


A







 


504785-1-
B2 (14)
attctggtTcttcacttg
269
attctggtCcttcactt
314


A







 


S02874-1-
B2 (14)
cctcacAaattacca
270
cctcacCaattac
315


A







 


S04348-1-
B1 (11)
acaaaTgtacaccgcc
271
acaaaCgtacaccgcc
316


A







 


S01209-1-
B1 (11)
cttccagagcagTgc
272
ttccagagcagCgc
317


A







 


501999-1-
B1 (11)
cataccccTtacaagc
273
ccataccccGtacaa
318


A







 


S02112-1-
C2 (6)
tcctatgTtggtctggtc
274
tcctatgCtggtctggt
319


A







 


S03252-1-
C2 (6)
ttggctttgaatCac
275
ttggctttgaatTac
320


A







 


S04937-2-
B1 (11)
ccgaacg:tgtcatat
276
ccgaacgCtgtcat
321


A







 


S04937-1-
B1 (11)
caaacTgcaagatt
277
cacaaacCgcaagat
322


Q1







 


S04938-1-
B1 (11)
ttctgatagaCgaaacc
278
ctgatagaTgaaaccca
323


A







 


S04938-2-
B1 (11)
attaactTccttattttac
279
attaactGccttctt
324


A







 


S06786-2-
B1 (11)
ttacttgGCaacaat
280
acttgTTaacaatgtcac
325


Q1







 


S06786-3-
B1 (11)
caatttGttgaagcct
281
caatttAttgaagccttt
326


Q1







 


S06786-1-
B1 (11)
ctcagtaTatcatcttc
282
ccctcagtaGatcat
327


Q1







 


S06787-2-
B1 (11)
aagccacgagTcat
283
aagccacgagCcat
328


Q1







 


S06787-1-
B1 (11)
cacctaaGgaacaat
284
cctaaTgaacaatacc
329


Q1







 


506803-1-
B1 (11)
cttccagTggctgct
285
ccttccagCggct
330


Q1







 


506804-1-
B1 (11)
ctcacCggagcaat
286
caacttgctcacAgga
331


Q1







 


S06788-1-
B1 (11)
ctaacctcCagaacac
287
ctctctaacctcTagaac
332


Q1







 


S06805-1-
B1 (11)
cacttgTctttacaacat
288
acacttgCctttacaac
333


Q1







 


S06789-1-
B1 (11)
tctctattTtccgaaatg
289
tctctattCtccgaaatg
334


Q1







 


S06790-1-
B1 (11)
ccacatttTcttcc
290
ccacatttGcttcc
335


Q1







 


S06791-2-
B1 (11)
accttAcgttgtagatc
291
accttTcgttgtagatc
336


Q1







 


S06791-1-
B1 (11)
ctgctGttgatctt
292
ctgctAttgatcttc
337


Q1







 


S06792-1-
B1 (11)
acgaacaCgtcctga
293
caacgaacaGgtcct
338


Q1
















TABLE 6







Non-Limiting Examples of Genomic Loci Comprising the Various Marker Loci


Provided Herein.












SEQ ID



Marker

NO



Position
Locus
(Res/Sus)
Reference Sequence [Res/Sus]





37220579
S04196-
135/136
TGCCATCCTAGCTAGCCCTGTATATTTTGATTANNTTNATGGGAAGAAAAAAT



1

TAAATATTTTTATTTAATTGAAGAGTAAGTTAATTTTATGAAAACAAAAATTT





AACATTTTCTTACTTATCTTTTAATTCAAATTTTATTTTATTTTCTCTTATTCCA





ACAATAATTCCTAAAGATA[*******/CATGCAA]GTCCAATATGTTTAACTCAT





CACATTTAATTTCATTACGAAATAATCAACAGGTCAAGATAATTTTAAGACAA





ATTAGATTATAAGGATTGTTATTTTCTTTTAAAATATATTATTACACAACTTTT





GTCATATATATTATGCGCCCGATGCCTCGATGACACCTAACACATATATAAAA





CCTTTTTTATAATTAAGAATTAAAAAAGAGAGAGAGAGGGAAGAT


 


36954994
S04938-
137/138
AACAGCTATGACCATGCGAACCTTCCAAGGACCAAAATGAATTTTCACTCTAA



1

AATTTATGTGCACTCCTGACTGCTTTTACATTTAGTGTCTTCATTTCATTGGGTT





TC[C/T]TCTATCAGAATTCAGTGATAAGAAACAGTGCTTCAACAATAGGTTGTG





GAACATGTTTTTCTGAGAGGTAAGGTAGTCACAATGAAAAAAAGGACAAAAC





TTAGATCCAAAGCTATGTTGCATTGATTAACAAAGTAATCACATAATTTTGGT





GTCATTTTCTAATAAGAATTGGAGTTTCATCTTGAAAGTTTATGTTGACCTGTA





ATGCAAACCTGTATTGCATAGATTAGTGAAGTAAAACTTTGTTTTTTATTAGA





GAATAACATCAAAAGCATTTATGGATCTGCATGAGTTTTTCCTAAAAAGGTGT





GAAATAGGGGGAAAAAAGCCACACTGGATGTCAAAACCATTGTTCATCTGGT





ATATATMCATCTCCWTATGATARTTTTTTTTTCTTTTCTGATTTCTTGTGAAA





TATATTAATTAACTKCCTTCTTTTACATGTAAATGAGAATGTTGTTAATTAATA





TGTTAACCTAAACGATATCTTTAATGYGTTGTCATCTTCTATTCGTTTTGCAGT





GATGGTATCC


 


36954799
S04937-
139/140
GAATGCTTGTTTCACGTAAGCTTCTTGACTTTATCRTTCTCTCCCCCGCCCCCC



1

AAATACCACAAAAATTCCGAACGCTGTCATATTGCAATCTAATTGTTTAATAC





CCAAATCCTTCCCTAGCTCTTTTCCAGTATCTTGAGCTTGTAATCTTCCATCTTA





AAAGCATACTGACTGATGCAATCTTCTGATTAATTTAGACCTGCATCAGTTAC





TTGCTTGCAAGTTGTAGAATCTCTTATTTTYCTTTTCACTTCACTGGTTTGCATG





TCCATACAATTCGAACTATTTTTTATCTTTCAAAGATTGGAATGACATTAACTT





GGTTTTTGATCCTAATAGATAAGTCATATCAATTTAGTTCTTGAAAGTTGGAG





ACTRAATGTCCTCTAAATAAATTGACATCAATGTAGATCCTCAATAATAGAAA





GATGACATCANTTTASTCCCTAAATCTTGC[T/C]GTTTGTGCATAGAAGGATGG





TTTTTTGGTTACTTTCCACGGTTGAGGTACTAAATTGATGCAATATCTCTTAGG





GAGTTAGAGGACAAAGTGATGTCTACCGAACCTTCCAAGGAACTGGCCGTCG





TTT


 


36781754
S08344-
141/142
AATCCCTCGTTCTTCATGCCCCCCAACCCAACATTCCCAGTCGACACGTCTTCT



1

ACTCCTTAATTTCCTCCTTCTTTCAAACTTGACAAAGCCACAACTCTTCTCTCA





TCTCATATAAATACCCTTCCACGACACCAATTTCTCCATCCTCTCATTGAAAAA





CAAAATTAATCATCTTA[C/T]TTATTTATTCTCCGAAAATGGTTGATTTACATTG





GAAATCAAAGATGCCAAGTTCCGACATGCCTTCCAAAACTCTAAAACTCTCTC





TCTCCGACAACAAGTCCTTACCCTCTTTGCAAC


 


37020399
S08343-
143/144
CAAGCAAACTTAGACTTACCAAATGAGTTTGACCAGGTTTTACCCCTCTTGAT



1

TGCAACCTCACGACCATCAACGAGTTTGCCTCTGTACTCAACAACAAAGCCTC





CGGTACCAATCTTGTTGTCAAATGAGAAATTATTGGTGGCTGCTTTAAGTTCA





GCGAGGGTGAATAATGGTGCAGCAAAAGCATGCACTGGGGAAGGGGATGATY





CCAAATCTGCTTCACTGGCACTACTACTCCTTATGGCACTGTC[C/T]ACTAATG





AAGCAAAACTACGGACACGAGATTCTCCAAAAATGGACCCAGTATCACTCCTT





ATGTCGCTGTCGACTGCCATGCTAAAACTCCTTGCATCATCTGTGTTATCCCTC





ACATCAATTCTCTCAACGGTTTCAGTATCCATTTTATTTGATTTGGTAAGTGAA





AGTATGTACTAAGTGCTTTGGCAGAGGCACTGAGCACATATRTCATATACAGA





GACCAAAGCACATACATATATATATATATATTAATTGAG


 


37020092
508346-
145/146
CTTCNCNGCACCTTCTCAATTAATATATATATGTATGTGGTTTGGTGTCTGTAT



1

ATGACATATGTGCTCAGTGCCTCCGCCAAAGCAAATAAAATGGATACTGAAAT





GGTTGAGAGCATTGATGTCACAGATGATGCAAGGAGTTTTAGCTGGGCAGTG





GACAGCGCCATAAGGAGTGATACTGGGTCCATTTTTGGAGAATCTCGTGTCCG





TAGCTTTGCTTCGTTAGTGGACAGTGCCATAAGGAGTAGTAGTGCTACTGAAG





CAGATTTGGAATCATCCCTTGTCCAGGCAGAAGACAGGGCGATGAGGACTGTT





GCAGCACGATTAACAAAAGCCGMTCAAATGCAAAAAGACATTTTGCTAAAG





GATTATTTACCCGGGCTGAGCTTATACCAGTCACCCAGGCTGAGCTTGAACCA





GCCACCAACAATTTCCMRSSAYYAWTAWTTWCYCWKKATSACCWYARMKCC





AGCCACCAATAATTTCTCATTTGACAACAAGATTGGTACTGGAGGCTTTGGTG





TTGTTGAGT:ACAGAGGCAAACTCATTGATGGTCGTGAGGTTGCAATCAAGAG





GGGTAAAACCTGGTCAAACTCATTTGGTAAGTCTRAGTTTGCCTTGTTCTCCCG





YTTACACCACAAGAATTTGGTTGGGCTGGTTGGATTTTGTGAA[C/G][A/A]AAA





A[G/T]ATGAAAGGCTCTTGGTGTATGAGTACATGAAGAATGGGRCGTTGTATC





ATCATTTGCATRRCAAGAAGGGTARCAGTGTGTTGAATTGGTAAAWANRYGR





ASRWRGSWATSWGTGK


 


37311443
506786-
147/148
STATTGCACSCGCTTTTCGTCCCGGTCAAGAAAAGATGGTTTATGTGTATCAGC



1

TCTTGGCAAGAGGCACATTGGAGGAAGATAAGTACATAAGAACCACTTGGAA





AGAGTGGGTTACTAGCATGATTTTTAGTGAGGCTTTTGAGGAGAACCCTTCAC





ACTCGCGAGCATAGAACATTGAAGATGAT[A/C]TACTGAGGGAAATGGTTGAG





GAGGACACGTCTAAAGCAATTCATATGATTCTAAAGAATGAAAAGGCTTCAA





YAAATTGAAGAGAGGTAATTACGCTTTTTTCATATGAAAACATGTGCTTAATT





TATGTTTATATATCTTAATCCTACATTCTCCCTATTAGTGTTATTTACAGTGTTT





GCACTAGATCACTAGAATGCTTGTTGGCATTCACCTTCAGTGTTGGAGACAGA





TTTGACACTTGTCGTCTCGAATGCCAGGGCAAGTTCGAGTTTAGTAGAAACTT





ATCATCCAAAATTAAAATTGAAAGCACTAATACAAAATGCACAATTTGAAGC





CATTCATGTCCTCTCTTGGTCTGAGTCTTGTCATTTTGTGGATTGAATCATGG





TTTCTCTTATCCGGTGACATTGTTRMCAAGTAATACTACTATAAATTCAGATTT





GGATATCAGATAACCATGGTCATTAATAGTAATACTAACATACTATACATATA





ATACCTTACAGGACCTTGTCCGAAACTTGAAACAGGATCAGGGACAGCGAAA





AACAAACATGGTCAWAnCYKKTTYY


 


37333894
506787-
149/150
TTACAAATAGGAGAAAACTTAGATATACATAGTTCTTTAAGTTTGATTACATT





ACAAATAGGAGAAAACTTAAACATACATAGTTCTTTAAGTGTTGTGTGTGCTG





TTCCATAATTAGAATTGGAGTTTTACTTACCTTAGTAATATGTATAATTCTAAT





TGGAGAACAGTACAAACAAAAACACCTAA[G/T]GAACAATACCTTAGTTTTAA





TCATATTTGTTTTGTTCATATAGCTTATCAATAAGTGAAGTATTTTCTTGTTCAT





CTTGATGCAGGTGGTGGAACTGAAACCTTCATTGATTGGCCAACAAGGATGAA





AATAGCACAGGACATGACTCGMGCTTGTTTTGTCTTCATTCCCTGGAGAACA





TTATACATGGGAACCTCACATCCAGCAATGTGTTGCTTGATGAGAACACAAAT





GCTAAAATTGCAGATTTTGGTCTTTCTCGGTTGATGTCAACTGCTGCTAACTCC





AACGTGATAGCTACTGCTGGAGCATTGGGATACCGGGCACCAGAGCTCTCAA





AGCTCAAGAAAGCAAACACTAAAACTGATATATACAGTCTTGGTGTTATCTTG





TTAGAACTCCTAACTAGGAAGTCACCTGGGGTGTCTATCATGGTCATAGCTGT





T


 


37334507
506803-
151/152
TTGCGTAATCTTTCTGTTCTGATTTTGAGTAGGAACCAATTTAGTGGACATATT



1

CCTTCAAGCATTGCAAACATTTCCATGCTTAGGCAGCTTGATTTGTCACTGAAT





AATCTCAGTGGAGAAATTCCAGTCTCCTTTGAAAGTCAACGTAGTCTTGATTT





CTTCAATGTTTCTTACAATAGCCTTTCAGGTTCTGTTCCACCTCTACTTGCCAA





GAAATTTAACTCAAGCTCATTTGTGGGAAATATTCAACTATGTGGGTATAGCC





CTTCAACCCCATGTCTTTCACAAGCTCCATCACAAGGAGTCATTGCCCCAACT





CCAGAAGTACTGTCAGAACAGCACCATCGTAGGAACCTCAGTACCAAAGACA





TAATTCTCATAGTAGCAGGAGTTCTCCTAGTAGTCCTGATTATACTTTGTTGCA





TCCTGCTTTTCTGCTTGATCAGAAAGAGATCAACATCGAAGGCTGAGAACGGA





CAAGCCACGGGGAGAGCAGCC[A/G]CTGGAAGGACAGAAAAAGGAGTCCCTC





CAGTTTCTGCTGGTGATGTTGAAGCAGGTGGGGAGGCTGGAGGGAAACTAGT





CCATTTTGATGGACCATTGGCTTTTACAGCCGATGATCTCTTGTGTGCAACTGC





TGAGATCATGGGAAAGAGCCATGGTCATAGCCTGT


 


371 17244
S04197-
153/154
TTTCTTAAGTTATATGTTATTTCATTTAAGTCCTAACTGTCNNTTNACTCCTCTT



1

CTTGCTATTGTCATTAGTATTCACTTNNTTTNAATAACTGTGGAAGCAAAATG





ATCGTTGTGTAATTTTTTATTGTATATTAGATTATTAGGTTTATAATGTTGTTTT





GTTATGTTATATATTTGAATGACTCGAGTTTATGTTTTTATTTTTAATGCTACGT





TTGGATGATTTAAGAGTAAAATATTAATTTATTTATAGTAAATTTTTTAATTAA





TATTTTGTATTCATTGGTTGAATTTATAACAAGTAAAGTATGGATAAGATGTG





CAATAATGAATATATAAATGCCTAATGGGAGAGATGAAGATTAAAGTTATTAT





TATATACATAAATATAAAATTGGAAATGAATATTTGTTTTAAATGGAGTATGA





AGATCATACCCTATCCAGTATCTACTACCRGTATCTACTACCAT[C/A]CCTAAA





CTCGACAAGGCACCTACACTACAATATAAATATAGTAAGGCTTCGAGTAACA





GAACCTGCGACATATAATAAGCCATAAAAGGCTTCAACCCAAAGACCCTACG





TTACGAGAAAAGAAGAAAACATTTGTTGAAGTGAACCACAACAACGCAATGG





CATGGTCAT (CONSENSUS)


 


42916770
S07162-
155/156
CGCAATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGAACAAAAGCTTGCATGCCTGCAGCAATAT



1

AACCAGGATTCAGAATTAATCTAGTTAGTATATCATACAATGCAGGGCCAGTT





ACAATACATACATACGCATAACCAAAACAGTAACATCAATGGAACAGTAATA





GGACACAAT[C/T]ATTATTATTTTTTTGTTAAGGAAATTTCTAAGAAAAACACA





ACCATTTGTACAAAAAAGGTATTAATACATAGCTACATGGAAGAAACCTACAT





TAAAATCCAGTAGTGAGAAAAGATGGGGGCAATTATGATAATCTCGGAAAGC





CTCTGCCAAGGGTCAGCATTCAAAATTGAGTTCCTTAGCCTGCTGTCTGCATAT





GCTTATCCACAAGGAATATTGTCTCCGTGAGGATTAACCAAAAGCATACCTCA





ATGGGTCCAGATATCCTGAAGATAGCGCCCAATTTGCTGAGCACCAAAATATA





GGGCATCGGCAACGAGAAAGACTCCAATCTACGCCACAAATGTCAAACTTGT





GAATGTCAAGGTTAAGAAATAAGATTTACAATTGAAGGTCTACAGCAGATAG





ATTACCAGGCGTGCAGAAAACACTAATCTATATCCCCAACCTTCCTTGGCTGC





AGGTCGACTCTAGAGGATCCCCGGGTACCGAGCTCGAATTCGCCCTATAGTGA





GTCGTATTACACCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTACGCCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAC


 


34888681
S07161-
157/158
CTTG:AAGTTATAAGTTTTGAGAGAGATTTTATGCTTATCTTGTCTGAAAACCA



1

CTAATGCTCTCTTCAGTG[A/T]GAATAAAAGGGCTACAAGATATCATACATAT





GCTTTAATATTATATCACTAAATACAATTAAGGATGCTCATCACATTAGGTTA





GGTTAGATACAGTTGAATTGCCTTAAAGTCAAAATTTCCACAAG:::AC:::AACA





GTAACAGTTACCAAAAACCATGCCCACAACAAGCAATATTGGCTGCGTGACTT





AAAAACTGTTTAAACATCTCAACTGATGTCTTACAAGGAAAGGTAACCTAATG





AAAAGACATCAATCTAGAAATCAAGGCACTTCAGTGAGAAGACAAATGAAGT





CCAACTGATTGCATTTTGTCTTGTCATATTAGGACTTAACATTAGAAGCAAGTT





GCATATAGAACAAATCTGAAGGATCATTTTATATATATTTAACAACTACTGGT





TGACCACCCAATACGATAAACAGGAACAACCACACAAAAGCTCTTGATCAAC





ATAAAGAAAACAAAATTAAACACAAAAAACTGCTACAGAATTTAAAAAACAC





TTTAGCAGACGTAACAGAAGTACAGAACAAATTCTGTCAGCAATTAAGCTAA





CTAGATACCAAACAGGATACTTCCATTGTAGTAGAAAAGGTGAAACACTATA





GAAAAATTCAACAGTCTAGGTGATTAAATCTAGACTCAAATCTCTCAATGTAT





AAATGGTCCTCTTAAAAACCAACCCTGCCAATGGTAGCAAATCCCCTGGACAT





AATGAAGCACACGAACCAACAAAGAATCCAATAGAATAAAACCAAAAACCA





AAAAACTTAAAGTCCAAACAACAAATACACAGGCAATCAAATCAACCAAACA





AAATGATGTACACACATACACAAAATGATGTACACATACATATAATTAGGCTT





AAATATGTTTTTGATTCCTTAAATTTGGAGTTTGAACAATTTTG
















TABLE 7







Non-Limiting Examples of Genomic Regions Comprising the Various Marker


Loci Provided Herein.










SEQ



Locus
ID



Name
NO
Sequence





S02621
339
MMRGCTATGACCATGGGGAAGTGCATGAGTGCTTTTTCAGATACCTACTTATA




AGTAGGTTTGAATTAAATTGATTATATTGTCCTAGTAGAAGTGGCTATATAAT




ATTTTTTGAGTGAGTGTGCTTTTGCTCGTTGCATGATATAGCAGATATGCTATC




TGAATGCTAAAGGTACTCTATTACTRTCTGTCTTTTCTTCTCATTCCTTATCCAT




ACATATTTTGAACCAATTTTACATTTGAAGGACGAATTGCTGCCAATGGTGC




AATCTAGCAATCTTACCTTGTCATTTTCAACTGAAAGTTCAATTGAGGAAGAA




CTAAAGAGAGAAAGCACTGCAGATGTCATAACAATACTCGTAAGAAATTTCT




GTTTCTTTCAACTAAATGTGAAAACATGATTTGTGTTGTGTGTAAGCTAATGA




ACTGATTAGTTTGGTTGTGGCTTCATAAAGATGTGCTTTATTGGAATATACAAT




AAATGTCTTCTCCAACATATTATTAGGTGAGCTATATTGTAATGTTGCTTA


 


S01519
340
GatGGGTAGACCAATACACAAGTTTGCAAGCATTGTAGGATATAGAGAGGGTA




AGATGTATACAACTTTACCACCATAAGAAGAGAGGCTGCTTCTGAGACTAGA




AAATTTGACCACCAGGTCACAAGCTTACAACCTTATAACTGCACGAAGGTTTA




CTTTCTAATATGAAGAAATACCACCTTTTGTCATGTAAATATTTAAGTTTACTA




AATTGAAATGTTGATAACAATGCAAAGAAAAGAGTAGTCAGTGACTCAATTC




AAAAGTTGATGATACCAAACAAACCTGAAGCTTGTAGCGCAGCTCCAGATTTC




ATGATTGGCTCCCCAACAGGAYGATACTCACAGCCTGCTTCAAGGACTTCATG




GT


 


S08177
341
AGTACCAAGGGAGGACATGCATTGTGTTGCACAGTTTTTTTCCAGGACATGGG




AACTGCAAGTGCTGGTTGCTGCTTGTTTAGCCCTTCCATGATAAAAGAAAATG




CCCCAAAAGTGAGACAGCTCTGCAGAAGAGCTTGTGGTGCACCTGTAAAACC




CTAGAATATAAGTCCTAATAACAAAACAAGTACACAGAATGAAATTTACATG




TGTATTTAGCTGAACANTGAATTGTTGAATTTTAACAATAGCAATGATTGGAA




GCCATTCTGAGTCAGCAAAATTTCCCCCCTCCTCCATTTAAGGTGATGGTTTGG




GAATGGAGACAGAGGATTCCAGAGTAATACATCTCAAGAAACAAATTACCAC




ACTGATTATGGACAAAATTATCTTTGCATTTKAGATCATATGACTATGCTTTTA




AAGAGAGATCAAGAATGCCAATAGGGCCTATTCAGAATAGTCAGATTGGCAA




GTCCTTTATCCTAATTCTTTCTTATAGATTTCAAAAAGAGGGCAAACCCATCAA




TTTGAATAAATAAATAAGAGATACCTGGAAAACTTAGAGCAAGACCAGTGCA




ACATCCAGCAACACCCGCATTAATGACTGCAAATGCAAAAGAATTCACATTAC




CAGAGGAAGATCACTTAAAAGCAAAAGTGACAAATTTTACAACTAAATATTC




ATACCATCATCTTTTCCTCTAAGCCTTTTCAAGATGCAAACAACCAAACTATG




AACTCCAGACAAAACTGCAAATGTCTAATGACATAAAGAACAACACAATTAC




TTACAATCTA


 


S00479
342
MTgcaTGCATGGATTTTAAGCAAATAAATTAATGTGAAGTATTTCAATGTATGC




CCGTGCMYHKAHCACATCTCATGCACTGCCCATACCTAAAGGATAAAATATC




AAGTGATGTTYATTTTTTAATCTCCCCTTCAAAATGACCAATTAATGTAGAGA




ACCTTCTAAGTTCTATAGATTTTAACACTTGTCTAATTCTTAACCATCCACATC




CGTTTCTCATGTACCTTTATAGTTTCAATTATTTCAACAATAACGCCAACACTG




TAAAGTTTTTGCCGTTACCAGTTCCAAATTCTACCTTTTTTCTTTTCTGTAACAG




CTGGATTCACTGTACTAAAATCCAAAAAGTGTCTGAAACCGGAGTTTGTCTAT




TTGCCATGGTcaaRBBBDDTYYCYVVBDDBBRBRDVBBVDBDBVBBHDVMVBB




BRVHDDVVDDRDRBBRVVDDBBBWBVHBWBBDHHHWBYBMBHDHBBBMBB




HRBHBWBBBBBVBBBBDRBBDRBBKRBBDVBBDWDWKKWDWSaMaRKD


 


502136
343
ATTTTATTTTATTTTTTCTGAGATAAACAATGAGCCAATAGTTTAAAATGGCTG




CCGTTTATGTTGTTAGCATATAAAGATTCTCAATAATATTCAATTACTCGAAYG




TACTCTCTAAAATAAACAAGTTAATTCACTTCTTGGACTGATTCTAAATACCTG




TTAACTGCAGCATATAACCTGTACTAACTTCCCAATTTAAGAGTAATCTAACA




AACAATATTAAGAATTTTATAATGCAAATAGACAGAAAGAATCTTACTCCCAC




ATGGTTAACTATTTTAGCCTAGGTGGTGCATTGTAATTTGCTATTATACAGTAA




TTTTGTAATTACARTACATAGAAAAAGGTCAAGAGTAAGTGAATTAGATTTTA




GAATTAATAGGTGCTGACACTATAGATCCACACCTATGAAGGTCTCCAGGTTG




TCCTGATGAGGTCCTAAACTTACCCATATGCCATGCATGTCTGACAGAATGAC




ACTTCACCACCACATGGTCATAGCYKKKT


 


S00875
344
tCgCGaccATCcaAGAGTTTGCCTTTATAAACAACACCATAGCTTCCAGCACCAAT




CTYTCAatCAAGGGCGAAATTATTGGTGGCAGCAACAAGCTCAGCCAAAGTGA




ACTCCTCAGCCCTCTCAGGATGCTTTGTGGATGATGTTCCACTCCTTTGACGCC




TCATTATCCGTGACCCTTGACGCCTAATAGTGRATGATCTTGAAGGAGGACTA




ATGCTATTATTAGAACCACCCACACCATTTACACTGCCACCTCTAGTGATTGTC




GGCTGCACAGAATTGTGAACTTTCTTCTTCCCAAAACAAACCCCAGTCCACAA




ACAATAAATCGCAGTGCATATCCCAGCAACACCTCCCACGCATCCAACAATGG




CAAATGCCAACAACCCCTTAGTCAAGGCCTTCGACCGAGAAGCTGCAGGCCC




CGGTGGTGATGCTGGCACCACCGCAGGTGGAGCCGGCACCAGCNTTTCAGGC




CAACAAGCATGGTcaTAgaatGTTTccaa


 


S12875
345
TAAACAGTTTTCTAACTAGTGAAATTTCATTTCGGTATCATTGGAAACGGAGA




ATTCCAATATAGCAGAAAACATGAACAGAACGCGTTGTTCCAAAGCAAAGCC




AATAATAACTCACAGTGTTCCCACTGCTAATAGACGTTGAATGTGATCAAAAG




CGAGAATAGACGCATTAGATGGAACGCCATAGTGAAGAACAAYACGTGGATC




AAAATTCCCCGACGGAAAACTCTCTTGAGCCACGTCCTGTTGCTGAACGGCGC




GAAAAATGTTCAGAAACAACGTCAGCTTCAGGATTTGCGTTCATATATAAATA




AACTTCTACGAATGCACTATTATTATCATTAAAAAAAAACAAAAAACAAAAG




GCTCCCTAGCATTATTCGTAACCGCAAGAAAAA


 


512950
346
TCGGCGCCCAATTTCACCCTGAAAAAAATACATATAGATGTAGGGGAAGACC




TAAAAGAAGAAATTAAATCAAACAGAAACATAGGAGACAAACAATTTAGTAA




ATTGAGAAACATAGGAGACATAGGTATTATTATTTAGAATGAAACGGCATCAT




GCAAAACAAAAAAGAATCATGAAAGAAATTTATGCACTGCTACKAAGGCTGG




TTTGTTCAAAATACAGACCATAGGATCTGTGCACATACCAGACAGATAATATC




ATGCAAGCAAACAACTTTGATAAACCAATTCCTAAACACACAAGTGCACAAA




TGATAATAGATTATAAATATATCAAAACTTCAAGCTAATTGCATATAATGGAA




GTGGAAAGAGGAAACAATAATGTAAAACATAGTA


 


S12947
347
AACTGCAAAACATAATGGACCAAGACATTAAGCCATTTTTAAAATAGTCCAA




GTTCMGACAAAAAGAAGCCAAAGGGTTAATTTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAATT




GTAATCTTTTTTCCTAGATCCTTTTTTATAAATGTTACACAACATAAAAGGTAT




AGTAGTAAATTTTGCAGTGTATCAATTGGTGGATAGCACAAAWTTTTTTTTCGT




ATCTTGTGATCAGTCACCAAACAGCTCCTATACAAATAATATCCTGTGACTCA




ACGAGTTGAAATGTGCTGTTTTGTTTGTTTGTCTCTCCATACACATCAAATACA




AAAAATTATACAATTTTACATAAGTGGAGGGCAGGGAGCACAACCCTCACTCT




ATGAGCTGGCTATTGGAGTTGAGTTAGGCT


 


S12933
348
AAGACCTAAAAAATTATAATTTTTTTTTTTATAAATTTTAGTCAATTATAAAAA




TGATACTCAAAAGAATGTGTTAAAAAGTATGTTATCAACATTTTTTTAATATTA




TATACATATTTCTAACACAAATGATTGATGCAATCATATAAGGMCGTTGTGT




TTATATAAGTGAAAACGATCTAGTTAATATGAGAATCASTGTTTGATTCCCACT




ATTGCAAAATTTTATCAAACAAACAAAATTAGGGAACACTCGTGATTTGCGAC




CTAAGACAAAAGAGACATCAAAGTTCAAAAAACACTACTTACATATCAAGTT




AAGTTATGGATTACAAGATCTTCGTATTTACAATGAAAATTCATATTGCATAT




GAAAAGTAGATTATGCATTTCAGTTAT


 


S12853
349
ATGACATATCTCTTTTTGTTTMCAAATGTTAAATTAATATTGAGGTGCTTAT




ATTTGGCAATTTTGAATTAAGTCTGAATATTTTAAAAATTTGTGATTGAGACA




ATGTTATAATATTTTTAACGTGCTCTAACTATTAATTTTCCTTTTTTTTTCCGCG




ATCAACTATTTTAATTTCCAATAGTATGCTACCCGTGTTRTATACACAGGYTATC




TAAGAATTGAGATCTGCTAGAAATGCAAAGCAATTAGGGATCGTGTACAAGA




TATATTAAACATTTTACCAACTAACCATAGAATCTTTTTCATCAACACGACTAG




ATATTMAAAAGAAATCAACACAAGTATTTAAGCAAGTTTTGATTTGAAAAT




TCTGCATAATCCCCCAAAAGGAAAAG


 


S03246
350
aACTTTTTATGATTGACTTGGTTCTCAAATTCCGACGGTATTGAGTTAAGGAAT




TTTAATGGTGCCTATGCTATCRGTTTMGAATAACGATTATGAGGTTTGGATGA




ATATTTGGAGTTGCATAAATACGTTGCTACAAAGGTTTATTTTTCTCTTCTGGT




AGTAATATGGAATAACAGGTTACAACCTATTGATTTAATATTAATATAATAGG




GGAGGAGTGTATTTTTTGAAACAGAATATTTTTGGAAATCGGGCACTGCCTCC




TAGACGTTAAGACTGAAATCTACAGTTTTGGGCTTATATTGGGTTTGCTTTTAT




TACTATTGGGCTGCATACATACAATATAGTTATTTTAATTAATTTTCTTTATGC




TCTAACACTTTGGTTGGCAGGGTACAATTTGCAGCTCATGGT


 


S12962
351
TGCAATGGTCAGACTACTCAACACAACTCTTGTTGACTTATTGTTCTTTAAATT




TCTAATTTCTTTCTTCCAAAAATGATTTTGAGAGGATGAATAGAATAAAATTCT




TAGAAGCTTCCTTCCTGCAAGCTGAGGAAGATTACTTACTAGGAGTGATAACT




TGGTGCACCACTGCAATTAGTTTGATCCATUMGAGACCRTTCAAAAAAATTT




ACATTGATTTCTCTAGATGCATCATGGATCGCAATTCAAAACTAAACTTTACC




CTTCCATGGCAATGACTTCCCTACCTTATTGAGGAACTCCACTTTTTTTATTAC




AGAAGAAGTGGCTCAAGGAATTTTTGTGTAACTTACAAAATAAGTAAGTGCTA




AAGAACCAAAGACTCTTGGCAGCTTAA


 


S00144
352
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAGAAAATATCCACTCATTATTA




TTTCCAACATGAAACGCTTGTTCCACATATTCAACAAACCATTTTATTTTCTTT




TTTCAAGAAGAAAGAAACTTCCAAACATGCATCAATTTTATTGTACTAATCTC




TCCCTTGCCTTGAGCTTACAGGAACATTGTTACAATTGGTGTTCTGCTTGCTCA




TGATAAAACCCAAATCAACACCACATAATTTAGGAAGTGAATTGGCCTTGTTT




TCGAGCAAGGAAGGAAGGCGAGTTGCTACGTCGAAAAAGCACTTACATGCAG




CCATTCGTTGAATTTGTGTTGGTGCTGATGCTTTCACTGCATTAACACTTTGGC




AACAAACACCTGAAGGGGCACCATCATCTCCACCAATCATGTAATCTACGCAC




GAAACTAACAGGTTATASACTTGTGAACAATTGTAGTCATTTGATGCTGAATT




TGTTTTAACTGGTAGTCGTGCCTCTGAAGCTTTCGCTGTAAGAACAAATACAA




CTAGCACAGCTAAAAATGTGACAAACACTTTCTTCATTTTGTGAAATTGAAGC




TAGTTTCTATATATCTCAATCAACTTTTAGGATTTGCTTGTGTTTTGCCGCGTG




GGTCGACCAGGGTATTCCGGACCGGTACCMCAGGCGTACCAGCTTTCCCT


 


508166
353
ATGAGTTCCGTATGAAAAATATACTGTTCTGGATGAATTGTGGCACGAACCAT




ACATCCATGTATATATATCCTAATACTGTCCTACCGTCCACTTACAATGATTGT




GCAAAGTTCTTCAATGAGAAAATAAGTCCTAAAAACGGTAGAGCTTAATGAC




AACAAAGAAAATAACCAATGCGTTACCATATTGGCAACTATAACTAAATGTG




AGTGCATGTCATTCCAAATTACGCATTTCTGCGTTATTCACGAGATTATTCATA




CTCTGGGAGTCACAGCACCTCCCATTGAATTCCACACGACATTTGACAATGGA




TGCCACCCGGAAGAGGGCTGCATAAAGTCTCCTGAGATTACAAACGAGAGAT




CTGGAGGGGTATCACTGAAACATCTCCCACYGGCGGGAACAAATCTAGCTCC




CCATAACGCTCCAGGACACGCATCCTGCAGTCCTCAGCAGCCATCATTCCAGT




AGAGTATGCACCATGCACAGACCCCGTATACAACATACTTGTTGCTTCCCCTG




CAAAGAATAAATTGTCTACAGGAACCCGTAGCTTCTCATACAGATCATGTGGT




TTCCCAACTGCATCATAGCTATAGGAACCTAGTGTATTAATATCTGTACCCCAT




CGAGACACAAGATACTGAATCTGCATGATTGAAACAAATTGCATCTTCAAAAC




ACCAACAACATACTAGTCACTGAAAAACAACTTATTAAATTCAATCATATAGC




GATTGAACTAAAATGAATAAAACTTAGGAGTAGGAGTCTGCCACTTATAAA




AATATGG


 


S01081
354
ACGTACTTtcnTTTTCTTTTTATTATTAATTCTAACAGCTTTAGCCTTCAACCATT




TTTTATGGTTTGTTCAACCATGMCTTTCCGTTCCTTGAGACTGGTTTAAACTTG




TGGTCAAAAGCCTTTTTTGCTGCTGCTGCTTCTTGGACACAACATGGGTGTGAT




ACAAAATGATATTAGGCTTCATATCGAAGTACCTTATAAAATGATCTGCTGTT




GCATCTTGTACCTGTTGATCTTGAAKAAGATCTTTAATTGCTTCAGGCATRGGT




TSGTCATTCATCATTTTCTTCCAATAATCCCCCAGGTCTMCTTGCATGGCTTA




AGTTGATGTTGGCAACCTATTTATTAGTAGAGATAACATAGAAAASTCATAAA




CCATAATTAGCACAAACTCAATGGTTCAAATTTTAAAACAAATRAGTTRCTAC




TGAAAAGCTTACCAGGAGAAGMGAMAAGACTAMGAASAAGGCAAAGRTCAK




GGTCATAGCYKKT


 


502183
355
gaccnntgctTACATCCAGTCCCCAMRWMMCSYnntYRGGAGWTnCAntWKSKRKCn




AATCnnnnaCAnWTTnTGAAAnncnnTnnnTnnnTnnnnnnnnnnnACCATGGGAGGACC




TTGATGATGTCGGATCACCATACCCCCACTTTGCTTTTCAAACRAAGTATTATG




AGGAACATCTTTCTCAYCTAAAAACATAATTCTATGTTCAAAAACAAATATAC




AAGGCATAAAAGTACRTGTATCCAAAAKTAGCATGAATAAAAACTCGATACC




TTGGGGTTGATTAGAAGGAATCAAAGTAGTCGACTTCTCCACGTGCTTGTCAT




TAACATCAACATTAGTGATCGACTTCTCATCGTTATKTGGTTGGATCACATCA




ACATTCCTACCCTTAGTAGCAGGCTCGYAGTAGTTTTGGACTRRGCTTGTTYA




GTTTTGTCACTTTGTTGGCCAACCTCTRTAGCAACTCTTTTCCTTTTCTTTGGCT




TCACTAGGTCGGCAAAGTGTTGGTGGTATGCTAnGATTATGAGATTTCGACAT




GGAAGCCCAAACCTTCCTGAAAT


 


S00350
356
TGggttgtttggtgagaacgaTAAGTTTGCCACAGGAACAGAGGTAAGAATAATAAAATA




ATAAATCATCCATTGCTTTTGAAAGATTTTGCAAGACTGTCTCACTGTAAAGT




ACTTCCAGTCCAAATATTGGATTCTTCTTTATAAGCCTGGTTACATCACTTGTA




CTCAAGTCTTCAGATTTGGGCCATTATTCATGGATCAAACTGTGAAAAAAAAG




TTAAACAAAATTTATTTACAATTGAAAATCAGTTATCTTCCTTTTAATTTGCCC




AATGTGAGAGAAATGCAYTAGAGTCTTTSACAATCTACAATGGGAAGTTTCAT




GCTGGGACTAACATAGGACGACAATTTTTATCTATTTTCTTTTACTTATTTCAT




GCTTCTGTTGTAGGTTAGAAAAYGATACTGCCATAGTGGTATTAGTATAATAT




AATATACTACATCTGYTYTAGAAAAAGATATGCATTTATCTGAAACTATATCA




TGCATATGTTAAACTCTGAGAAGCTCTTTGATAGATGTGCAACTGTAAAACTT




CAGAGCATTACATGCACTAATGAAAAGCTCTTTGATGCTTTAAAATCTGATAC




TTGAAACTTCTATAAAATTTGATGTACTTGATCACTAGTAACTGAAGACTCTA




CCCTTTTTGTGCACAGGCTATAGCCAAGAAACTGGCAGAGCTGAGTGGGAAG




GGAGTGACAACCATCATTGGAGGAGGTGACTCCGTTGCCGCTGTGGAGAAGG




TTGGACTTGCAGACAAGATGAGCCACATCTCCACTGGTGGTGGTGCCAGCTTA




GAGMCTTGAGGGAAAGCAACTCCCTGGTGTCCTTGCTCTTGATGATGCTTG




AGCAAAAATCATTCGTTCCTTTGAAGTTTGTGCTTTATATTATTATTATGGTTG




GGTTTCAGCCAACAGTGGATTAAGGTACAATGAGAGCTGCGAagttctTgcTCCctga




aaGGCTTAA


 


S02074
357
ATGGanTTCTAAAAGAATGCCTTGTATGTGACGCGTACCATTCTAATCCTAaCT




ATATTTCTTTATATTCCTTATTTCACAAAAAGACACATTACAATGTGTGCCCTG




TGAGGGAAATATTGTAAATGTTAACARCGCAAGAGTAGTTTACACAACCTCAA




GATATCAAGGAAGGTATTAGTGTGTAATTTTGCTCATTTTTTTAAGAGACAAC




AAAATTVTATTCTCATATACTTATCAAAGCCACAAGATGTGACCTAAATATAT




AAGCCAAACATTACAGAAATTATTTTTTGCCATATGGTTGCAGCACCAAATTA




ACATCATCCCTAAACACAAGAAAATTTGAACACTAAATCCATCTAGAAAGCCT




TCKTAAACATAGTTTTTCTAGGCTTAGAAACCACAATCCTAGAATCAAATAAA




CATAAAGACTCCAACCATAGTGTAATTTTGCTCATTTTTATTTTGATACAAAGT




GCTAGGACATTAAAACATATTCTTTCTCTAATGAAACCTCCTCTAAAAAACTA




GYCGGAGAATCCCACCAACAGAACCATGTGTCATGGT


 


S03991
358
agcttatYCCCCaaGAcgCTGTCAGCCATGTCGATTTCATTGTCAAACWAGGATCTC




CTCCCTATGAAGTTCCACTCCCAACCTACATCTGTGTGACTCCCTATGTGCTGA




ATTAGCTGTTTTTGCTGGCAGGAAATGTGATATAGCTTAGGATATTTTGTTATT




AGTGGAGCATCATTAGCAATTCCATTTTGAAAGACATTGCCCTGTTGCGATTG




GTGGAACACCGCCTTTAGGTCCTGCCACCATAAAGATTCATTGTTGCCTCTTGT




TACGTCATCCATGCACCTCCAGCCACCATATTTTGAATCCAATATTCTGGCCCA




TAGTTCCCCTKGGTGCTGAAATARAWCCSATCTCCATCTTCCAAGCAGTGCTA




GAKTGRAGGTGTTGATGTCcttcatgctctaacacatacctgtttccatcc


 


504785
359
ATTCAGTGATTTTACCTGTTTGCTTGCGAGATTCAGGAGGAGGGGCCCCATAT




TGACGAGGCAAGAAAACCCCYGTTCCAGCGCAACCCCTTTTAGTAACACCGG




ATCCACCTTGCAACCCGGGTCGCGACCCGGATCCGAAATAAGGCACCTGTTGG




GTATTCTGGTYCTTCACTTGAAGAGGGTGCCATGCARAGTGAGGCAAAACGTG




CGTGCAWTTCACAGCTTCATAGTCATACC


 


S02874
360
GTATTATGCAGCTATGGTCAAGACATACTCATACTAGCAAAACAGCATTAATT




TGATGATTTGACTCATGGCTCATTTCCCTTGTTTAAATATAGCCATGTGGAAGT




TCACTUGTTATGGATTCCAYTTTCCTATTCATUTGAGGGATTTGGTAATTKGT




GAGGCACGACCAAGGAGAAGGGAAAATAAAAAAGGTGCAAGACCATGCTAA




AAAGGCTAGAAGAAACTATAAATCCTGATATTGTTGTTGAGAAAGAAGTGGT




TTGATTTGTGATAAATAAATGATAATATCTCACACAACCGGCCWGCTTCATCT




TACCCACACAGTTATTTCATAAACTTTAGAAGAWAACGTAAACTTATAGTAGT




TGATTAGAAAATTAACAGTTGAAATTGTGATTAAATACATTCACATATGTTCG




AAAATATAGAATTGTTATCCACTAACGTGTATCAAGCTCTTTTTGCGGGATCTT




GCATGGTCATAGCYKKTT


 


S04348
361
KHVKWYWHAAYYWRATGARMAGKGMATRKGRTAACWKRSMKWSCAgAgnnn




nnGAGACTAGAACCATTAACATTAGCCAGAGCCACAAAAGGTCTAATAAAAAC




ATATCATGAAAATAATTTTCTAAAAAGAGCAGCAAAAGACCTGTGCCATCAC




AGTTGTAGGAATCTGAATAAAATTAACACCACGTAGGAAGGCAGAGGCAGCA




AAGCCACACATGTCGCCAATCACACCACCACCAAGAGCAACAAAYGTACACC




GCCGGTCGAGCCGCGACTCGATGGCCTTGTCAAAGACTTTCATAAGAGTATCC




TATCAGTTGAACACACAAAGACTTTCTTATGCAATTCTCAAGAGTGCCAACAA




ACACCACAGCCAATTCAAAACACATGAGACCTACCATGTCCTTGTACTGCTCA




CCATCAGGTAAAATTACACTCTCCACAGAAACATTCGGGTTTCCCCTTGTCAA




AGCATCAACAACCTTGTCTAGATAAAGTGGCGCAACGGTTTCGTTAGTTACAA




CTAGGACTCTCTTTCCATGCACATGCCTATTCCAATAGTGAGAACAGAGCACT




TCAGAATAAATATTAAACAAGAAATAAAATCCATGCCTTGTTAGAAACTTTAA




TTGAATTGAACTTCTCCCACATACYATTAAATTTTATAGAAGCTCTTTCATTTA




AAGTCTCCAAAAGTTGAGGCACATATGTTGATTTTAGCTTAGAGGAGACTTCA




ATTCATTCTATCTTCT


 


501209
362
AATACTAAGCTGAAGGAATCGATTGCAAAATAATAACCCTTAGAAAACACTA




CGGCTTTGTAAATCATAAACCCTAAGCTCTCTCGCCCCTAATCCTACGAGCTA




GCTGAATGTCCTTGGGCATAATGGTAACCCTCTTAGCATGAATAGCGCAGAGG




TTGGTATCCTCAAAGAGCCCAACGAGGTAGGCCTCAGCGGCTTCCTGAAGAGC




GGAGACAGCRCTGCTCTGGAAGCGTAGATCGGTCTTGAAGTCYTGAGCGATTT




CCCTTACGAGCCTCTGGAAAGGAAGCTTCCTTATGAGAAGCTCCGTGCTCTTC




TGGTACTTCCGAATCTCCCTCAGAGCCACTGTCCCCGGCCTGAAACGGTGGGG




CTTCTTCACGCCGCCCGTCGCCGGAGCGGACTTRCSTGCTGCCTTGGTGGCGA




GCTGCTTCCTTGGAGCTTTTCCTCCATGGTCATAGCTGTTT


 


S01999
363
CaMCGGCGATTAAGCAGCCATATTTncTGGTCAACACCAAGMGNGTCTTAAGT




TCCCTTCAGCTACTCTTTGGTCTAATTTTGATAGGAACCTGTCTCAGACCAAGC




CTAAGGTTTAATTCCATAGGCCCAAAAGGGCAAATGCGTCCTAGGTGAAAAG




AAGTTAGTTAGAGATGAGACAGTGTGAGTGAGGGGTCTGTTATATGGGAGGG




GGTGAGGCTTGTAMGGGGTATGGATGAATTTGGAATGTGAATTGGAGTCTAG




AGATTCTTCTCCGACTTTGGGGAGCACTTGCTCTCACTTCTTTCTGTGTGTTTTC




TGTTTTCAGCTTGTTTTTCTAATTCTGCAGCTTCCCTCTGATACAATATGTATCA




TTGGTGCTTTCATTGAGAGATTTGTTCCAATCASCATATGCAAACGAGGATGA




CGTCCMCCTYGATGCTGTTGAATAAAAAAWMTCTACCATCGACTTCMTCCTT




MAAWCWCATCWYCAAYMAMTTMAKYWACATTCCDYYCMCATGGTCAWAG




SHDKT


 


S02112
364
CCATAGATCTGAAACAGAGATCACAAGGTTAACGCTTTTATTCtccaTTGGATGT




TACCCCAAACACCCCGYACCTATAATCTAGCACCAATCCAACCCGTTTTCACT




CGGATCTAGGACCTCAGGTAATCCCCCATGAATTTTCAATTATTATCAATGCTT




TTTCAACTTTAGTTTATTAATTCAGCYAGGGTTTAGTGTCTAAGTGAATAAGGT




TGGGATTTGYGATGGCTCCGACRATGRTCCGGAAGGTGATTGAGGTGGTGAA




GGACCAGACCARCATAGGAATAGTCAAGGTCGCGAGCAACATGGCGTCGGAG




ATGGAGGTCACGATTGTGAAGGCGATGAGCCACGAAGATGACCCTGYCAGTG




ACAAGTACATAAGARAGATCTTGAACCTCATGTCTCACTCRYRCGRCTACATC




CACACATGTGTCACCGCCATGTCCAAGCGATTGGGTAAGATGCRCGAATGGAT




TGTGTCGCTCAAGGCRCTGATGCTCGTGAACAGGCTCATG


 


S03252
365
GtAGCATAACTGAaAATATAAATTVCCAATGCTCCTATTCTTCAAGAAGCAATT




CAAACTATAAGACAAGTTATATGACCTTCAAAAGTGTGCCCATAGAAAGTGTG




TTTTTAAGGTTTTTCGTTGTCCTGGTAATAATTTAACTAACTAGATGGCTTGTA




GTACTGTCAGAACATGTTCTCACTTGTTAAATTTCTATTTTGTGGTACGGTCCC




AGCTCAAAGATGTTTGCTTTATACAAATTACGCGTTACAAATTAAAGCATGTT




AAACAAGGTTTATGAGAGAGGAAGTTTTGACGTRATTCAAAGCCAAACCAAT




AAGTGGTTAGACATGTATTTATAATAGAACATAGATTTACCATAACAGCCATA




GATTAATATTCCAAGCTAATTAAGTGGTTGACAACCCCGACAATACCAATATA




TACTGAAATTCCTGATTACACGCCCTCTCTCCAACGTGTTGCTGAATTKTCAAG




AGGCTTTCCTATGTGGCTGGATATATTGCATCACACAACATCTGGGCACCAT


 


S04937
366
gaatgcttgtttcacgtaagcttcttgactttaTCRTTCTCTCCCCCGCCCCCC




AAATACCACWAAAATTCCGAACGCTGTCATATTGCAATCTAATTGTTTAATACC




CAAATCCTTCCCTAGCTCTTTTCCAGTATCTTGAGCTTGTAATCTTCCATCTTA




AAAGCATACTGACTGATGCAATCTTCTGATTAATTTAGACCTGCATCAGTTACT




TGCTTGCAAGTTGTAGAATCTCTTATTTTYCTTTTCACTTCACTGGTTTGCATG




TCCATACAATTCGAACTATTTTTTATCTTTCAAAGATTGGAATGACATTAACTT




GGTTTTTGATCCTAATAGATAAGTCATATCAATTTAGTTCTTGAAAGTTGGAGA




CTRAATGTCCTCTAAATAAATTGACATCAATGTAGATCCTCAATAATAGAAAGA




TGACATCAATTTASTCCCTAAATCTTGCRGTTTGTGCATAGAAGGATGGTTTTT




TGGTTACTTTCCACGGTTGAGGTWCTAAAYTGATGCAATATCTCTTAKGGAGTT




ARRRVMMAAAGTGATGTCTACCGAACCTTCCAAGGAACTGGCCGWMgTTT


 


S04938
367
aMMAKYTATGACCATKCGAACCTTCCAASSMCCAAAAKGRAWTTTCACTCYW




AAATWTATGTSCACTCCTGACTGCTTTTACATTTAGTGTYTTCATTTCATTGGG




TTTCRTCTATCAGAATTCAGTGATAAGAAACAGTGCTTCAACAATAGGTTGTG




GAACATGTTTTTYTGAGAGGTAAGGTAGTCACAATGAAAAAAAGGACAAAAC




TTAGATCCAAAGCTATGTTGCATTGATTAACAAAGTAATCACATAATTTTGGT




GTCATTTTCTAATAAGAATTGGAGTTTCATCTTGAAAGTTTATGTTGACCTGTA




ATGCAAACCTGTATYGCATAGATTAGTGAAGTAAAACTTTGTTTMATTAGA




GAATAACATCAAAAGCATTTATGGATCTGCATGAGTTTTKTCCTAAAAAGGTG




TGAAATAGGGGGAAAAAAGCCACACTGGATGTCAAAACCATTGTTCATCTGG




TATATAATTTCATCTCCWTATGATARTTTTTTTTTCTTTTCTGATTTCTTGTGAA




ATATATTAATTAACTKCCTTCTTTTACAKGTAAATGAGAATGTTGTTAATTAAT




ATGTTAACCTAAACSATATCTTTAATGYGTTKYCATYTTCTWTTCGTTTTGCAG




TGATGGTATCC


 


S06786
368
STATTGCACSCGCTTTTCGTCCCGGTCAAGAAAAGATGGTTTATGTGTATCAGC




TCTTGGCAACAGGCACATTGGAGGAAGATAAGTACATAAGAACCACTTGGAA




AGAGTGGGTTACTAGCATGATTTTTAGTGAGGCTTTTGAGGAGAACCCTTCAC




ACTCGCGAGCATAGAACATTGAAGATGATMTACTGAGGGAAATGGTTGAGGA




GGACACGTCTAAAGCAATTCATATGATTCTAAAGAATGAAAAGGCTTCAAYA




AATTGAAGAGAGGTAATTACGCTTTTTTCATATGAAAACATGTGCTTAATTTA




TGTTTATATATCTTAATCCTACATTCTCCCTATTAGTGTTATTTACAGTGTTTGC




ACTAGATCACTAGAATGCTTGTTGGCATTCACCTTCAGTGTTGGAGACAGATT




TGACACTTGTCGTCTCGAATGCCAGGGCAAGTTCGAGTTTAGTAGAAACTTAT




CATCCAAAATTAAAATTGAAAGCACTAATACAAAATGCACAATTTGAAGCCA




TTCATGTCCTCTCTTGGTCTGAGTCTTGTCATTTTGTGGATTGAATTCATGGTTT




CTCTTATCCGGTGACATTGTTRMCAAGTAATACTACTATAAATTCAGATTTGG




ATATCAGATAACCATGGTCATTAATAGTAATACTAACATACTATACATATAAT




ACCTTACAGGACCTTGTCCGAAACTTGAAACAGGATCAGGGACAGCGAAAAA




CAAACATGGTCAWAnCYKKTTYY


 


S06787
369
TTACAAATAGGRRAAAACTTAGATATACATAGTTCTTTAAGTTTGATTACATT




ACAAATAGGAGAAAACTTAAAYATRCATAGTTMTAAGTGTTGTGTGTGCTG




TTCCATAATTAGAATTGGAGTTTTACTTACCTTAGTAATATGTATAATTCTAAT




TGGAGAACAGTACAAACAAAAACACCTAAKGAACAATACCTTAGMTAATC




ATATTTGTTTTGTTCATATAGCTTATCAATAAGTGAAGTATTTTCTTGTTCATCT




TGATGCAGGTGGTGGAACTGAAACCTTCATTGATTGGCCAACAAGGATGAAA




ATAGCACAGGACATGRCTCGTGGCTTGTTTTGTCTTCATTCCCTGGAGAACATT




ATACATGGGAACCTCACATCCAGCAATGTGTTGCTTGATGAGAACACAAATGC




TAAAATTGCAGATTTTGGTCTTTCTCGGTTGATGTCAACTGCTGCTAACTCCAA




CGTGATAGCTACTGCTGGAGCATTGGGATACCGGGCACCAGAGCTCTCAAAG




CTCAAGAAAGCAAACACTAAAACTGATATATACAGTCTTGGTGTTATCTTGTT




AGAACTCCTAACTAGGAAGTCACCTGGGGTGTCTATCATGGYCAWAGCTKKT


 


S06803
370
ttgcgtaatctttctgttctgattttgagtaggaaccaatttagtggacatat




tccttcaagcattgcaaacatttccatgcttaggcagcttgatttgtcactga




ataatctcagtggagaaattccagtctcctttgaaagtcaacgtagtcttgat




ttcttcaatgtttcttacaatagcctttcaggttctgttccacctctacttgc




caagaaatttaactcaagctcatttgtgggaaatattcaactatgtgggtata




gcccttcaaccccatgtctttcacaagctccatcacaaggagtcattgcccca




actccagaagtactgtcagaacagcaccatcgtaggaacctcagtaccaaaga




cataattctcatagtagcaggagttctcctagtagtcctgattatactttgtt




gcatcctgcttttctgcttgatcagaaagagatcaacatcgaaggctgagaac




ggacaagccacggggagagcagccRctggaaggacagaaaaaggagtccctcc




agtttctgctggtgatgttgaagcaggtggggaggctggagggaaactagtcc




attttgatggaccattggcttttacagccgatgatctcttgtgtscaactgct




gagatcatgggaaagagccatggtcatagcctgt


 


S06804
371
tttgtttcttatgatgtggagtcttgttgtgctcccttcatgcgtgagaccag




ctttgtgtgaagatgaaagttgggacggagtggttgtgacagcatcaaacctc




ttagcacttcaagctttcaagcaagagttggtggacccagaagggttcttgcg




gagctggaacgacagtggctatggtgcttgttcaggaggttgggttggaatca




agtgtgctcagggacaggttatcgtgatccagcttccttggaagggtttgaag




ggtcgaatcactgacaaaattggccaacttcaaggccttaggaagcttagtct




tcatgataaccaaattggtggacaatcccttcaactttgggacttcttcccaa




ccttagaggggttcagttattcaacaataggttaactggttccatcccttctt




ctttaggatctgtcctttgcttaagtctcttgacctcagcaacaacttgctca




cMggagcaatcccttatagccttgccaattccaccaagctttattggcttaac




ttgagtttcaactccttctctggtactttaccaactagcctaactcactcatt




ttctctcactttcctttctatcaaaataataatctttctggcaaccttcctaa




ctcttggggtgggagtcccaagagggcttctttaggcatggtcatagctgtt


 


S06788
372
gTATTTGATTAGTTAAACCGCAACGCGGAATCTCTTTTCTCGAACTGGCTAACT




CTCAGGCAAGTGGTTCGGACGCTGATTCCAGCAACAAGCGGCTGGTGCTCGCA




CTGTATGACGCCCTAAACTCCGGCGACTCCGACGCCGTCGTCAAGATCGTCGC




CGCCGACCTCGAGTGGTGGTTCCATGGTCCGCCCTCACACCAGTTTTTGATGC




GCATGCTCACCGGCGACTCCGCTGCCGACAACTCCTTCCGCTTCCTTCCGCAGT




CCATCGCCGCMCGGCTCCACCGTCATCGTCGAGGGCTGCGACACCGCCCGC




AACATTGCCTGGGTCCACGCCTGCACCGTCACGGATGGGATAATTACTCAGAT




CAGAGAGTACTTVAACACCGCCCTCACCGTCACCCGCATCCACGATTCCGGCG




AGATTGTTCCGGCTAGCTCCGGCGCCGGCCGTTTGCCCCTUTGTCTGGGAAAG




CAGCGTCTCCGGTCGGGTCGGGAAATCCGTACCCGGTTTGGTTCTTGCAATAT




AAAATAATTATTAACAAGTAATTAGGGAAGAACGCGGTCACGTGTGAATAAT




ANTTAAATAAGGAGGTTGTGCACGTGGCGGTGACTGGGTCGAACGGTTTCAG




GGAACATTGATATATTTTCGTAGTATTGGTGTGTTCTRGAGGTTAGAGAGATG




TGAGACCCTATTGGTGGGGTTTCTTATTTCTTTAATTTTCTCAGGTTTGGYTTGT




TTTTGTTTTGTTTGCTTGTGTGTMGGGCATGGTCATAGCCKK


 


S06805
373
TATTTTAATTAAGAAAATAAAGGAGTTTGTTTATGCTGCAATTTATGATCTAG




ATCCAATATAGGGAAGATGANTGCTAGTAAGGCACTATTTATTGGGTAAAATC




CATGTGGGTCCCAATCCATATTTACTAGTTCTCACTCCGTACTTAGTGTAACTT




ACATGTGTCATCCGATTATGGAGTGTTGTGCTAGCATTTCTCTTATATAGGGAA




TTAGGGATACAAAATGGCTTTCCCTACTTTTCGTGGGCAACCCCAATTTGATA




ACTTGGCCACTTTATGGCTAGACTTCAGCCTAATTTATGTACTAGATATAGTAT




ATGAATTTATACATAACTTCACATGCCCTGAAATTTTCCACTTGATTTGCAGGC




AATTGTGACAGAAGAGGATGGAATGGAGTCAATAGCTCATAGATTTCTTTCTG




CTGCTGTCAAGGTAGAGTTCCATCCACCTGATTCTATTTTTGATGAAATUTTTC




TGGCTTGAAATTATTACTATATTTATTATTGTATTTTAACACTTGYCTTTACAA




CATGTAGTATAATACTATAATTACACTCATGCAAGMCCAGGTCCATCTTTAC




AAAATTGTAAATACTAACACTGCAGRAATTTGGAAAGTTATAGTAGTAGTCGT




CTACCATCTACGGccAAAMCMWKGKYMWWRSYBKKt


 


S06789
374
ggSttYcccaaaTAggtcagcctctccataaaccctcaagagcgtattatagct




aatgacgttgggttgaatccccattttcctcatgctccagaagaggcggtcggc




ttccttgggcatgtgaagctggccataaacatcaatcatgatgttacaagtggt




gagatcaagagggcatttagcttcattcatttcggaRaatagagaaagtgcttc




aacaaacttttggttgtcaacgtagatggcaagaagggtggaatagctgacggt




gtcgggttganggcattgtctctcatctcttgaagaagaaggcgagcctcacgg




aagagcttggcttttccaaagacattgatcatggagttataagcaataaggtcg




ggggtaatagtggaggctttcAatctggagaaGatagaaatggccttggaataa




toGgacaacttgcgggcaaggtcaatcaagttactgtagagaacgaggtcgccg




gagacGttgtcttgctccatctgctggagccaaaagagggaagaatcAaacaag




ccgtgtttgccgaaacaagtaattagggtggagtaagtgtacctatcgggggag




aggcccttttggcGcattTcATcGaacaggccgtgtgcgaggtgccactgcttg




gcccGaaggacgttgcggagaaGgACGTgGTgGGCGaMGWKGSRGTZRAMRTZW




MGWKgBMCKYSWMSWKKTZWSSVWBGDYMKAGSBBBttBYMnWtgatccMtggt




catagcYKKtt


 


506790
375
gWcWMKWWTTKGCAMASRMKCVARGCTCGACMCTGKTCTATAATCTTACCC




CTGATAGAACCTTCAAGTTCAGGCCTTGGAGCTCCGGTGAAAGTGAACAAGTA




TGGCCGCTTTTGATGTCTGATTTTTCTCTGCCACCGGTAAACATGAGTGTCCTC




TGATGGGTGGAAAGAAGTTGGGTACGGAATTGCGTAGTCATTATTCCACGAAC




TTGCTTVAACTGCTAACATGGACATGTTCATGGATTCGGGTATAAACCTGAAC




TTACTACCCCAATAGGACGCATCATCATATTGTCTCCTGAAATCCCAAGCAAT




CCTCCCAGAAACAAGGAATGATCTCTGCCCCACATTTKCTTCCACTCGGGTC




TTTTTGCGACCCATTGAAGAAGATCACGACCAGAGGAATCTCTCTCTGTGAGA




TTAGAGAGCCAAAGGAAACGGCTAACATCAAGACCAGCATAGAATGGGACGA




AAATTGCAGAGGCGAGGGAGGAATCGTTGGTCAAGCAGCCATATTTGGTCAT




CCTGTTGTGAAAAATAACTTCCAACAAGAACTGGTTGGTGGCATAGCAAGTGT




TGTTGGAGAAAAGCCCTTGGGAGTAGGTAATGTGAGGACCTAAACCATTGTTT




TGCATGTATGGACACATGTTGGGTTTGTCAGTGCCTCTAGTGAGGGACTGGCA




ATTCTGAAGCAAGTAATCgTTnAAGCGGGAGCATGGTCATAGCBKKTTT


 


506791
376
tACBTAATTTTAAGTAGGTTGAAATGTYTCTTACCCTTTGTATGAGATCTCTGTT




TGATTCACCTAGAAAGTGTTCCTTCACAAGTGACATATATAATTGAATCGGTG




AGCAAGGGAAACATGCGGAAGATCAAYAGCAGTTAAACATTGAYMAAAGAA




AGAAAGSATAATTGACCTCATACCTTWCGTTGTAGATCAGAAAGCTGATCCAG




CATGAATTGGGTCTGCATATATAGAATGCTATGAGAAAAGTTGATATAGACCA




TTGACCATTGAGATTATATATGAAGTTATGAGAAAGATCAACTAATTTCTTCT




ATTCTTTATTGCACAGCTAAAAAAAAAATGATTATATATGTCAAAATGGAAAT




TGGCAACGTTGGAAACTTTAGTACCCTTATTGATCTGATTTGTTTCAAAGACG




AATCTAGCTGCCTTTCAAGTGACTCAAGCTCTTTGCTGCTTAGAGGACCAAGA




TCTTCTCCCATAAGGTTCCTAATGAGTATCGACCAGTCAAATATATATTAATA




ACTCATCAGTTCGTATTATGTAGCTAGCATATACTTCTAGACATAGTCGAGTCT




AGCTCTTTACCTTTGAGAACGCTGAAGAGCTTCATAACGCGCTTTCAGCCTCA




AGTATTCTTCATGGTCATAGCYKKTT


 


506792
377
KWRTWAACTTCnaTTCCWTATCRTCTCTATGATCARYATSRGCATAAGTTTCAG




AAGAAGTAATTGGAGAGTTGTCTTCAACCAAAAGTTTCCCTTCCTTAGCTGCA




ACGAACASGTCCTGAATAGGACCATACAAGGCATTGTGATTTGTTCTGTTAGG




TGGCMCGGAAAATCAGTCAAACTCTCCCTTATCAAACTACATTGTTTCTCTAT




GCTTAATGCCCCAGGAATAAAATAAAAGCCTGCAAATTAAGTATCACCAAGT




GTGCTTGAGTTCATTAGTTACAAATGCACTTATGATTAGTTTCTAATCACTAAT




TAATTATCCCAGTCAAGTACAATTCAAGCCATTTGTTTCAAGTTACTAAGATA




AACGGCAAATAAAAGAAAAAAGAAAATACCTGGGCGATTTTGTAAAGCAAAA




ACCGGAGAGGTGAACTTGTCGTGAAGAACGATAACACCCGAAGGAAGCACAG




CGTTTTGGTGATAGCATTCTAGAATAGATCTAAAGTCAAGGACCTCCGCTAAG




TCCACGGGTTTAGGTTGTTTTTTCCTGTTAAGAAAGGGAATTTCAATTASAATT




TGCAGAGATTACAACTGAAACAATCTACGTTCAAAGGAAATGAAATAGTAAA




ATACTTTTTGTTCTTGGAAGAAGCATTGTAGTCSTAGTAGAGCTTGTACTTCTT




CTCTGCATGGTCAWAGCSKKTT
















TABLE 8







Non-limiting Examples of Amplicons Comprising the Various Marker Loci


Provided Herein.














Linkage


Amplicon





Group


SEQ ID
Amplicon
Amplicon


Locus
(cm)
Primer 1
Primer 2
NO (R/S)
Sequence [Res/Sus]
Size (bp)
















S04196-1
B1
141527
141528
111/112
GCCATCCTAGCTAGCCCTGTATA
236/243



(Gm11)



TTTTGATTANNTTNATGGGAAGA
(12/S)







AAAAATTAAATATTTTTATTTAAT








TGAAGAGTAAGTTAATTTTATGA








AAACAAAAATTTAACATTTTCTT








ACTTATCTTTTAATTCAAATTTTA








TTTTATTTTCTCTTATTCCAACAA








TAATTCCTAAAGATA[*******/CA








TGCAA]GTCCAATATGTTTAACTC








ATCACATTTAATTTCATTACGAA








ATAATCAACAGGTCAA



 


S04938-1
B1
S04938-P1
S04938-R1
113/114
TGTGCACTCCTGACTGCTTTTACA
101



(Gm11)



TTTAGTGTCTTCATTTCATTGGGT








TTC[C/T]TCTATCAGAATTCAGTG








ATAAGAAACAGTGCTTCAACAAT








AGGTTGTGG



 


S04937-1
B1
148638
148639
115/116
TCAATTTAGTTCTTGAAAGTTGG
224



(Gm11)



AGACTRAATGTCCTCTAAATAAA








TTGACATCAATGTAGATCCTCAA








TAATAGAAAGATGACATCAATTT








ASTCCCTAAATCTTGC[T/C]GTTT








GTGCATAGAAGGATGGTTTTTTG








GTTACTTTCCACGGTTGAGGTAC








TAAATTGATGCAATATCTCTTAG








GGAGTTAGAGGACAAAGTGATGT








CTACCGAACCTTCCAAGGA



 


S08344-1
B11
136830
136831
117/118
CGACACCAATTTCTCCATCCTCTC
112



(Gm11)



ATTGAAAAACAAAATTAATCATC








TTA[C/T]TTATTTATTCTCCGAAA








ATGGTTGATTTACATTGGAAATC








AAAGATGCCAAGTTCCGACAT



 


S08343-1
B1
136886
136887
119/120
GACTTACCAAATGAGTTTGACCA
286



(Gm11)



GGTTTTACCCCTCTTGATTGCAAC








CTCACGACCATCAACGAGTTTGC








CTCTGTACTCAACAACAAAGCCT








CCGGTACCAATCTTGTTGTCAAA








TGAGAAATTATTGGTGGCTGCTT








TAAGTTCAGCGAGGGTGAATAAT








GGTGCAGCAAAAGCATGCACTGG








GGAAGGGGATGATYCCAAATCTG








CTTCACTGGCACTACTACTCCTTA








TGGCACTGTC[C/A]ACTAATGAA








GCAAAACTACGGACACGAGATTC








TCCAAAAATGG



 


S08346-1
B1
136886
136887
121/122
TTGTTCTCCCGYTTACACCACAA
110 



(Gm11)



GAATTTGGTTGGGCTGUTTGGAT








TTTGTGAA[C/G][A/A]AAAA[G/








T]ATGAAAGGCTCTTGGTGTATGAG








TACATGAAGAATGGGRCGTTGTA








TCA



 


S06786-1
B1
144687
144688
123/124
CCACTTGGAAAGAGTGGGTTACT
130



(Gm11)



AGCATGATTTTTAGTGAGGCTTTT








GAGGAGAACCCTTCACACTCGCG








AGCATAGAACATTGAAGATGAT








[A/C]TACTGAGGGAAATGGTTGAG








GAGGACACGTCTAAAGC



 


S06787-1
B1
142755
142756
125/126
TGCTGTTCCATAATTAGAATTGG
175



(Gm11)



AGTTTTACTTACCTTAGTAATATG








TATAATTCTAATTGGAGAACAGT








ACAAACAAAAACACCTAA[G/T]G








AACAATACCTTAGYTTTAATCAT








ATTTGTTTTGTTCATATAGCTTAT








CAATAAGTGAAGTATTTTCTTGTT








CATCTTGATGCAGG



 


S06803-1
B1
142759
142760
127/128
AACATCGAAGGCTGAGAACGGA
144



(Gm11)



CAAGCCACGGGGAGAGCAGCC[A/








G]CTGGAAGGACAGAAAAAGGA








GTCCCTCCAGTTTCTGCTGGTGAT








GTTGAAGCAGGTGGGGAGGCTG








GAGGGAAACTAGTCCATTTTGAT








GGACCATTGGC



 


S04197-1
B1
142386
142387
129/130
TGCCTAATGGGAGAGATGAAGAT
200



(Gm11)



TAAAGTTATTATTATATACATAA








ATATAAAATTGGAAATGAATATT








TGTTTTAAATGGAGTATGAAGAT








CATACCCTATCCAGTATCTACTA








CCRGTATCTACTACCAT[C/A]CCT








AAACTCGACAAGGCACCTACACT








ACAATATAAATATAGTAAGGCTT








CGAGTAACAGAACCTGCG



 


S07162-1
C1
136849
136850
131/132
AATGCAGGGCCAGTTACAATACA
205



(Gm04)



TACATACGCATAACCAAAACAGT








AACATCAATGGAACAGTAATAGG








ACACAAT[C/T]ATTATTATTTTTT








TGTTAAGGAAATTTCTAAGAAAA








ACACAACCATTTGTACAAAAAAG








GTATTAATACATAGCTACATGGA








AGAAACCTACATTAAAATCCAGT








AGTGAGAAAAGATGGGGGCAAT








T



 


S07161-1
D2
137370
137374
133/134
TGCTTATCTTGTCTGAAAACCACT
156



(Gm 17)



AATGCTCTCTTCAGTG[A/T]GAAT








AAAAGGGCTACAAGATATCATAC








ATATGCTTTAATATTATATCACTA








AATACAATTAAGGATGCTCATCA








CATTAGGTTAGGTTAGATACAGT








TGAATTGCCTTAAAGTCA
















TABLE 9







Positions of various markers













Linkage

SNP




Group
Genetic
Position



Locus
(ch)
(cM)
(bp)
















S02621
D1b (2)
133.95
51490811



S01519
D1b (2)
120.16
48686902



S08177
D1b (2)
131.45
50529112



S00479
D1b (2)
91.61
42982998



S02136
D1b (2)
94.75
44096100



S00875
D1b (2)
113.96
47471551



S12875
D1b (2)
114.51
47529446



S12950
D1b (2)
114.71
47556177



S12947
D1b (2)
114.78
47576630



S12933
D1b (2)
115.35
47765197



S12853
D1b (2)
116.68
48204176



S03246
D1b (2)
117.97
4833665



S12962
D1b (2)
125.66
49371792



S00144
D1b (2)
126.03
49461261



S08166
D1b (2)
126.17
49505295



S01081
D1b (2)
132.07
50775206



S02183
E (15)
90.49
49934844



S00350
E (15)
85.49
48657373



S02074
L (19)
17.63
2901398



S03991
L (19)
29.32
18029354



S04785
B2 (14)
26.08
5096522



S02874
B2 (14)
20.07
3945680



S04348
B1 (11)
37.62
5916329



S01209
B1 (11)
54.57
9963410



S01999
B1 (11)
63.22
11202391



S04937-2
B1 (11)
97.94
36954416



S04937-1
B1 (11)
97.95
36954799



S04938-1
B1 (11)
97.95
36954994



S04938-2
B1 (11)
97.95
36955430



S06786-2
B1 (11)
99.96
37311026



S06786-3
B1 (11)
99.97
37311730



S06786-1
B1 (11)
99.97
37311443



S06787-2
B1 (11)
100.09
37333749



S06787-1
B1 (11)
100.09
37333894



S06803
B1 (11)
100.10
37334507



S06804
B1 (11)
100.10
37335483



S06788
B1 (11)
100.50
37405385



S06805
B1 (11)
100.99
37492596



S06789
B1 (11)
109.51
37923651



S06790
B1 (11)
109.97
38041618



S06791-2
B1 (11)
110.26
38197612



S06791-1
B1 (11)
110.26
38197663



S06792
B1 (11)
110.45
38279360



S02112
C2 (6)
108.15
45770644



S03252
C2 (6)
102.83
21822996










In another embodiment, the method of detecting comprises DNA sequencing of at least one of the marker loci provided herein. As used herein, “sequencing” refers to sequencing methods for determining the order of nucleotides in a molecule of DNA. Any DNA sequencing method known in the art can be used in the methods provided herein. Non-limiting examples of DNA sequencing methods useful in the methods provided herein include Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, for example, as described in Egan, A. N, et al. (2012) American Journal of Botany 99(2): 175-185; genotyping by sequencing (GBS) methods, for example, as described in Elshire, R. J., et al. (2011) PLoS ONE 6(5):e19379; Molecular Inversion Probe (MIP) genotyping, as described, for example, in Hardenbol, P., et al. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 21(6):673-678; or high throughput genotyping by whole-genome resequencing, as described, for example in Huang, X et al., (2009) Genome Research 19:1068-1076. Each of the above references is incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.
An active variant of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1-377 can comprise a polynucleotide having at least 75%, 80% 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOS: 1-377 as long as it is capable of amplifying and/or detecting the marker locus of interest. By “fragment” is intended a portion of the polynucleotide. A fragment or portion can comprise at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 1-158 as long as it is capable of amplifying and/or detecting the marker locus of interest.
Unless otherwise stated, sequence identity/similarity values provided herein refer to the value obtained using GAP Version 10 using the following parameters: % identity and % similarity for a nucleotide sequence using GAP Weight of 50 and Length Weight of 3, and the nwsgapdna.cmp scoring matrix; or any equivalent program thereof. By “equivalent program” is intended any sequence comparison program that, for any two sequences in question, generates an alignment having identical nucleotide residue matches and an identical percent sequence identity when compared to the corresponding alignment generated by GAP Version 10.
Traits or markers are considered to be linked if they co-segregate. A 1/100 probability of recombination per generation is defined as a map distance of 1.0 centiMorgan (1.0 cM). Genetic elements or genes located on a single chromosome segment are physically linked. Two loci can be located in close proximity such that recombination between homologous chromosome pairs does not occur between the two loci during meiosis with high frequency, e.g., such that linked loci co-segregate at least about 90% of the time, e.g., 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.75%, or more of the time. Genetic elements located within a chromosome segment are also genetically linked, typically within a genetic recombination distance of less than or equal to 50 centimorgans (cM), e.g., about 49, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.75, 0.5, or 0.25 cM or less. That is, two genetic elements within a single chromosome segment undergo recombination during meiosis with each other at a frequency of less than or equal to about 50%, e.g., about 49%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%, or 0.25% or less. Closely linked markers display a cross over frequency with a given marker of about 10% or less (the given marker is within about 10 cM of a closely linked marker). In specific embodiments, a closely linked marker is within 10 cM, 9 cM, 8 cM, 7 cM, 6 cM, 5 cM, 4 cM, 3 cM, 2 cM or 1 cM of any given marker disclosed herein. In further embodiments, a marker associated with one of the markers disclosed herein can be within 75 Kb, 60 Kb, 50 Kb, 40 Kb, 30 Kb, 20K, 10 Kb, 5 Kb or less of the disclosed marker.
Put another way, closely linked loci co-segregate at least about 90% of the time. Genetic linkage as evaluated by recombination frequency is impacted by the chromatin structure of the region comprising the loci. Typically, the region is assumed to have a euchromatin structure during initial evaluations. However, some regions, such are regions closer to centrosomes, have a heterochromatin structure. Without further information, the predicted physical distance between genetic map positions is based on the assumption that the region is euchromatic, however if the region comprises heterochromatin the markers may be physically closer together. With regard to physical position on a chromosome, closely linked markers can be separated, for example, by about 1 megabase (Mb; 1 million nucleotides), about 500 kilobases (Kb; 1000 nucleotides), about 400 Kb, about 300 Kb, about 200 Kb, about 100 Kb, about 50 Kb, about 25 Kb, about 10 Kb, about 5 Kb, about 2 Kb, about 1 Kb, about 500 nucleotides, about 250 nucleotides, or less.
When referring to the relationship between two genetic elements, such as a genetic element contributing to resistance and a proximal marker, “coupling” phase linkage indicates the state where the “favorable” allele at the resistance locus is physically associated on the same chromosome strand as the “favorable” allele of the respective linked marker locus. In coupling phase, both favorable alleles are inherited together by progeny that inherit that chromosome strand. In “repulsion” phase linkage, the “favorable” allele at the locus of interest (e.g., a QTL for resistance) is physically linked with an “unfavorable” allele at the proximal marker locus, and the two “favorable” alleles are not inherited together (i.e., the two loci are “out of phase” with each other).
Markers are used to define a specific locus on the soybean genome. Each marker is therefore an indicator of a specific segment of DNA, having a unique nucleotide sequence. Map positions provide a measure of the relative positions of particular markers with respect to one another. When a trait is stated to be linked to a given marker it will be understood that the actual DNA segment whose sequence affects the trait generally co-segregates with the marker. More precise and definite localization of a trait can be obtained if markers are identified on both sides of the trait. By measuring the appearance of the marker(s) in progeny of crosses, the existence of the trait can be detected by relatively simple molecular tests without actually evaluating the appearance of the trait itself, which can be difficult and time-consuming because the actual evaluation of the trait requires growing plants to a stage and/or under environmental conditions where the trait can be expressed. Molecular markers have been widely used to determine genetic composition in soybeans.
Favorable genotypes associated with at least trait of interest may be identified by one or more methodologies. In some examples one or more markers are used, including but not limited to AFLPs, RFLPs, ASH, SSRs, SNPs, indels, padlock probes, molecular inversion probes, microarrays, sequencing, and the like. In some methods, a target nucleic acid is amplified prior to hybridization with a probe. In other cases, the target nucleic acid is not amplified prior to hybridization, such as methods using molecular inversion probes (see, for example Hardenbol et al. (2003) Nat Biotech 21:673-678). In some examples, the genotype related to a specific trait is monitored, while in other examples, a genome-wide evaluation including but not limited to one or more of marker panels, library screens, association studies, microarrays, gene chips, expression studies, or sequencing such as whole-genome resequencing and genotyping-by-sequencing (GB S) may be used. In some examples, no target-specific probe is needed, for example by using sequencing technologies, including but not limited to next-generation sequencing methods (see, for example, Metzker (2010) Nat Rev Genet 11:31-46; and, Egan et al. (2012) Am J Bot 99:175-185) such as sequencing by synthesis (e.g., Roche 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina Genome Analyzer, and Ion Torrent PGM or Proton systems), sequencing by ligation (e.g., SOLiD from Applied Biosystems, and Polnator system from Azco Biotech), and single molecule sequencing (SMS or third-generation sequencing) which eliminate template amplification (e.g., Helicos system, and PacBio RS system from Pacific BioSciences). Further technologies include optical sequencing systems (e.g., Starlight from Life Technologies), and nanopore sequencing (e.g., GridION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Each of these may be coupled with one or more enrichment strategies for organellar or nuclear genomes in order to reduce the complexity of the genome under investigation via PCR, hybridization, restriction enzyme (see, e.g., Elshire et al. (2011) PLoS ONE 6:e19379), and expression methods. In some examples, no reference genome sequence is needed in order to complete the analysis.
The use of marker assisted selection (MAS) to select a soybean plant or germplasm which has a certain marker locus, haplotype or marker profile is provided. For instance, in certain examples a soybean plant or germplasm possessing a certain predetermined favorable marker locus or haplotype will be selected via MAS. In certain other examples, a soybean plant or germplasm possessing a certain predetermined favorable marker profile will be selected via MAS.
Using MAS, soybean plants or germplasm can be selected for markers or marker alleles that positively correlate with soybean cyst nematode resistance, without actually raising soybean and measuring for resistance (or, contrawise, soybean plants can be selected against if they possess markers that negatively correlate with resistance). MAS is a powerful tool to select for desired phenotypes and for introgressing desired traits into cultivars of soybean (e.g., introgressing desired traits into elite lines). MAS is easily adapted to high throughput molecular analysis methods that can quickly screen large numbers of plant or germplasm genetic material for the markers of interest and is much more cost effective than raising and observing plants for visible traits.
In some embodiments, the molecular markers or marker loci are detected using a suitable amplification-based detection method. In these types of methods, nucleic acid primers are typically hybridized to the conserved regions flanking the polymorphic marker region. In certain methods, nucleic acid probes that bind to the amplified region are also employed. In general, synthetic methods for making oligonucleotides, including primers and probes, are well known in the art. For example, oligonucleotides can be synthesized chemically according to the solid phase phosphoramidite triester method described by Beaucage and Caruthers (1981) Tetrahedron Letts 22:1859-1862, e.g., using a commercially available automated synthesizer, e.g., as described in Needham-VanDevanter, et al. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12:6159-6168. Oligonucleotides, including modified oligonucleotides, can also be ordered from a variety of commercial sources known to persons of skill in the art.
It will be appreciated that suitable primers and probes to be used can be designed using any suitable method. It is not intended that the invention be limited to any particular primer, primer pair or probe. For example, primers can be designed using any suitable software program, such as LASERGENE® or Primer3.
It is not intended that the primers be limited to generating an amplicon of any particular size. For example, the primers used to amplify the marker loci and alleles herein are not limited to amplifying the entire region of the relevant locus. In some embodiments, marker amplification produces an amplicon at least 20 nucleotides in length, or alternatively, at least 50 nucleotides in length, or alternatively, at least 100 nucleotides in length, or alternatively, at least 200 nucleotides in length. Non-limiting examples of polynucleotide primers useful for detecting the marker loci provided herein are provided in Table 2 and 3 and include, for example, SEQ ID NOS: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and/or 248 or variants or fragments thereof.
PCR, RT-PCR, and LCR are in particularly broad use as amplification and amplification-detection methods for amplifying nucleic acids of interest (e.g., those comprising marker loci), facilitating detection of the markers. Details regarding the use of these and other amplification methods are well known in the art and can be found in any of a variety of standard texts. Details for these techniques can also be found in numerous journal and patent references, such as Mullis, et al. (1987) U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,202; Arnheim & Levinson (Oct. 1, 1990) C&EN 36-47; Kwoh, et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1173; Guatelli, et al., (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1874; Lomell, et al., (1989) J. Clin. Chem. 35:1826; Landegren, et al., (1988) Science 241:1077-1080; Van Brunt, (1990) Biotechnology 8:291-294; Wu and Wallace, (1989) Gene 4:560; Barringer, et al., (1990) Gene 89:117, and Sooknanan and Malek, (1995) Biotechnology 13:563-564.
Such nucleic acid amplification techniques can be applied to amplify and/or detect nucleic acids of interest, such as nucleic acids comprising marker loci. Amplification primers for amplifying useful marker loci and suitable probes to detect useful marker loci or to genotype SNP alleles are provided. For example, exemplary primers and probes are provided in SEQ ID NOS: 1-110 and in Tables 2 and 4, and the genomic loci comprising the various marker loci provided herein are provided in SEQ ID NOS: 135-158 and in Table 6. Non-limiting examples of amplicon sequences comprising the marker loci provided herein are provided in Table 8. In other embodiments, exemplary primers and probes are provided in SEQ ID NOS: 159-248 and in Tables 3 and 5, and the genomic loci comprising the various marker loci provided herein are provided in SEQ ID NOS: 339-337 and in Table 7. However, one of skill will immediately recognize that other primer and probe sequences could also be used. For instance primers to either side of the given primers can be used in place of the given primers, so long as the primers can amplify a region that includes the allele to be detected, as can primers and probes directed to other SNP marker loci. Further, it will be appreciated that the precise probe to be used for detection can vary, e.g., any probe that can identify the region of a marker amplicon to be detected can be substituted for those examples provided herein. Further, the configuration of the amplification primers and detection probes can, of course, vary. Thus, the compositions and methods are not limited to the primers and probes specifically recited herein.
In certain examples, probes will possess a detectable label. Any suitable label can be used with a probe. Detectable labels suitable for use with nucleic acid probes include, for example, any composition detectable by spectroscopic, radioisotopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical, electrical, optical, or chemical means. Useful labels include biotin for staining with labeled streptavidin conjugate, magnetic beads, fluorescent dyes, radiolabels, enzymes, and colorimetric labels. Other labels include ligands, which bind to antibodies labeled with fluorophores, chemiluminescent agents, and enzymes. A probe can also constitute radiolabelled PCR primers that are used to generate a radiolabelled amplicon. Labeling strategies for labeling nucleic acids and corresponding detection strategies can be found, e.g., in Haugland (1996) Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals Sixth Edition by Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene Oreg.); or Haugland (2001) Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals Eighth Edition by Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene Oreg.).
Detectable labels may also include reporter-quencher pairs, such as are employed in Molecular Beacon and TaqManTM probes. The reporter may be a fluorescent organic dye modified with a suitable linking group for attachment to the oligonucleotide, such as to the terminal 3′ carbon or terminal 5′ carbon. The quencher may also be an organic dye, which may or may not be fluorescent, depending on the embodiment. Generally, whether the quencher is fluorescent or simply releases the transferred energy from the reporter by non-radiative decay, the absorption band of the quencher should at least substantially overlap the fluorescent emission band of the reporter to optimize the quenching. Non-fluorescent quenchers or dark quenchers typically function by absorbing energy from excited reporters, but do not release the energy radiatively.
Selection of appropriate reporter-quencher pairs for particular probes may be undertaken in accordance with known techniques. Fluorescent and dark quenchers and their relevant optical properties from which exemplary reporter-quencher pairs may be selected are listed and described, for example, in Berlman, Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York, 1971, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of modifying reporters and quenchers for covalent attachment via common reactive groups that can be added to an oligonucleotide in the present invention may be found, for example, in Haugland, Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals, Molecular Probes of Eugene, Oreg., 1992, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In certain examples, reporter-quencher pairs are selected from xanthene dyes including fluoresceins and rhodamine dyes. Many suitable forms of these compounds are available commercially with substituents on the phenyl groups, which can be used as the site for bonding or as the bonding functionality for attachment to an oligonucleotide. Another useful group of fluorescent compounds for use as reporters are the naphthylamines, having an amino group in the alpha or beta position. Included among such naphthylamino compounds are 1-dimethylaminonaphthyl-5 sulfonate, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and 2-p-touidinyl-6-naphthalene sulfonate. Other dyes include 3-phenyl-7-isocyanatocoumarin; acridines such as 9-isothiocyanatoacridine; N-(p-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenyl)maleimide; benzoxadiazoles; stilbenes; pyrenes and the like. In certain other examples, the reporters and quenchers are selected from fluorescein and rhodamine dyes. These dyes and appropriate linking methodologies for attachment to oligonucleotides are well known in the art.
Suitable examples of reporters may be selected from dyes such as SYBR green, 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAMTM available from Applied Biosystems of Foster City, Calif.), 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM), tetrachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein (TET), 2,7-dimethoxy-4,5-dichloro-6-carboxyfluorescein, hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein (HEX), 6-carboxy-2′,4,7,7′-tetrachlorofluorescein (6-TETTM available from Applied Biosystems), carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX), 6-carboxy-4′,5′-dichloro-2′,7′-dimethoxyfluorescein (6-JOETM available from Applied Biosystems), VICTM dye products available from Molecular Probes, Inc., NEDTM dye products available from Applied Biosystems, and the like. Suitable examples of quenchers may be selected from 6-carboxy-tetramethyl-rhodamine, 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo) benzoic acid (DABYL), tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), BHQ-OTM, BHQ-1TM, BHQ-2TM, and BHQ-3TM, each of which are available from Biosearch Technologies, Inc. of Novato, Calif., QSY-7TM, QSY-9TM, QSY-21TM and QSY-35TM, each of which are available from Molecular Probes, Inc., and the like.
In one aspect, real time PCR or LCR is performed on the amplification mixtures described herein, e.g., using molecular beacons or TaqManTM probes. A molecular beacon (MB) is an oligonucleotide which, under appropriate hybridization conditions, self-hybridizes to form a stem and loop structure. The MB has a label and a quencher at the termini of the oligonucleotide; thus, under conditions that permit intra-molecular hybridization, the label is typically quenched (or at least altered in its fluorescence) by the quencher. Under conditions where the MB does not display intra-molecular hybridization (e.g., when bound to a target nucleic acid, such as to a region of an amplicon during amplification), the MB label is unquenched. Details regarding standard methods of making and using MBs are well established in the literature and MBs are available from a number of commercial reagent sources. See also, e.g., Leone, et al., (1995) Molecular beacon probes combined with amplification by NASBA enable homogenous real-time detection of RNA, Nucleic Acids Res. 26:2150-2155; Tyagi and Kramer, (1996) Molecular beacons: probes that fluoresce upon hybridization, Nature Biotechnology 14:303-308; Blok and Kramer, (1997) Amplifiable hybridization probes containing a molecular switch, Mol Cell Probes 11:187-194; Hsuih. et al., (1997) Novel, ligation-dependent PCR assay for detection of hepatitis C in serum, J Clin Microbiol 34:501-507; Kostrikis, et al., (1998) Molecular beacons: spectral genotyping of human alleles, Science 279:1228-1229; Sokol, et al., (1998) Real time detection of DNA:RNA hybridization in living cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:11538-11543; Tyagi, et al., (1998) Multicolor molecular beacons for allele discrimination, Nature Biotechnology 16:49-53; Bonnet, et al., (1999) Thermodynamic basis of the chemical specificity of structured DNA probes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:6171-6176; Fang, et al. (1999) Designing a novel molecular beacon for surface-immobilized DNA hybridization studies, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:2921-2922; Marras, et al., (1999) Multiplex detection of single-nucleotide variation using molecular beacons, Genet. Anal. Biomol. Eng. 14:151-156; and Vet, et al., (1999) Multiplex detection of four pathogenic retroviruses using molecular beacons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:6394-6399. Additional details regarding MB construction and use is found in the patent literature, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,925,517; 6,150,097; and 6,037,130.
Another real-time detection method is the 5′-exonuclease detection method, also called the TaqManTM assay, as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,804,375; 5,538,848; 5,487,972; and 5,210,015, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In the TaqManTM assay, a modified probe, typically 10-25 nucleic acids in length, is employed during PCR which binds intermediate to or between the two members of the amplification primer pair. The modified probe possesses a reporter and a quencher and is designed to generate a detectable signal to indicate that it has hybridized with the target nucleic acid sequence during PCR. As long as both the reporter and the quencher are on the probe, the quencher stops the reporter from emitting a detectable signal. However, as the polymerase extends the primer during amplification, the intrinsic 5′ to 3′ nuclease activity of the polymerase degrades the probe, separating the reporter from the quencher, and enabling the detectable signal to be emitted. Generally, the amount of detectable signal generated during the amplification cycle is proportional to the amount of product generated in each cycle.
It is well known that the efficiency of quenching is a strong function of the proximity of the reporter and the quencher, i.e., as the two molecules get closer, the quenching efficiency increases. As quenching is strongly dependent on the physical proximity of the reporter and quencher, the reporter and the quencher are preferably attached to the probe within a few nucleotides of one another, usually within 30 nucleotides of one another, more preferably with a separation of from about 6 to 16 nucleotides. Typically, this separation is achieved by attaching one member of a reporter-quencher pair to the 5′ end of the probe and the other member to a nucleotide about 6 to 16 nucleotides away, in some cases at the 3′ end of the probe.
Separate detection probes can also be omitted in amplification/detection methods, e.g., by performing a real time amplification reaction that detects product formation by modification of the relevant amplification primer upon incorporation into a product, incorporation of labeled nucleotides into an amplicon, or by monitoring changes in molecular rotation properties of amplicons as compared to unamplified precursors (e.g., by fluorescence polarization).
Further, it will be appreciated that amplification is not a requirement for marker detection—for example, one can directly detect unamplified genomic DNA simply by performing a Southern blot on a sample of genomic DNA. Procedures for performing Southern blotting, amplification e.g., (PCR, LCR, or the like), and many other nucleic acid detection methods are well established and are taught, e.g., in Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual (3d ed.), Vol. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 2000 (“Sambrook”); Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, F. M. Ausubel, et al., eds., Current Protocols, a joint venture between Greene Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (supplemented through 2002) (“Ausubel”)) and PCR Protocols A Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis, et al., eds) Academic Press Inc. San Diego, Calif. (1990) (Innis). Additional details regarding detection of nucleic acids in plants can also be found, e.g., in Plant Molecular Biology (1993) Croy (ed.) BIOS Scientific Publishers, Inc.
Other techniques for detecting SNPs can also be employed, such as allele specific hybridization (ASH). ASH technology is based on the stable annealing of a short, single-stranded, oligonucleotide probe to a completely complementary single-stranded target nucleic acid. Detection is via an isotopic or non-isotopic label attached to the probe. For each polymorphism, two or more different ASH probes are designed to have identical DNA sequences except at the polymorphic nucleotides. Each probe will have exact homology with one allele sequence so that the range of probes can distinguish all the known alternative allele sequences. Each probe is hybridized to the target DNA. With appropriate probe design and hybridization conditions, a single-base mismatch between the probe and target DNA will prevent hybridization.
Real-time amplification assays, including MB or TaqManTM based assays, are especially useful for detecting SNP alleles. In such cases, probes are typically designed to bind to the amplicon region that includes the SNP locus, with one allele-specific probe being designed for each possible SNP allele. For instance, if there are two known SNP alleles for a particular SNP locus, “A” or “C,” then one probe is designed with an “A” at the SNP position, while a separate probe is designed with a “C” at the SNP position. While the probes are typically identical to one another other than at the SNP position, they need not be. For instance, the two allele-specific probes could be shifted upstream or downstream relative to one another by one or more bases. However, if the probes are not otherwise identical, they should be designed such that they bind with approximately equal efficiencies, which can be accomplished by designing under a strict set of parameters that restrict the chemical properties of the probes. Further, a different detectable label, for instance a different reporter-quencher pair, is typically employed on each different allele-specific probe to permit differential detection of each probe. In certain examples, each allele-specific probe for a certain SNP locus is 11-20 nucleotides in length, dual-labeled with a florescence quencher at the 3′ end and either the 6-FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein) or VIC (4,7,2′-trichloro-7′-phenyl-6-carboxyfluorescein) fluorophore at the 5′ end.
To effectuate SNP allele detection, a real-time PCR reaction can be performed using primers that amplify the region including the SNP locus, for instance the sequences listed in Table 4, the reaction being performed in the presence of all allele-specific probes for the given SNP locus. By then detecting signal for each detectable label employed and determining which detectable label(s) demonstrated an increased signal, a determination can be made of which allele-specific probe(s) bound to the amplicon and, thus, which SNP allele(s) the amplicon possessed. For instance, when 6-FAM- and VIC-labeled probes are employed, the distinct emission wavelengths of 6-FAM (518 nm) and VIC (554 nm) can be captured. A sample that is homozygous for one allele will have fluorescence from only the respective 6-FAM or VIC fluorophore, while a sample that is heterozygous at the analyzed locus will have both 6-FAM and VIC fluorescence.
The KASPar® and Illumina® Detection Systems are additional examples of commercially-available marker detection systems. KASPar® is a homogeneous fluorescent genotyping system which utilizes allele specific hybridization and a unique form of allele specific PCR (primer extension) in order to identify genetic markers (e.g. a particular SNP locus associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance). Illumina® detection systems utilize similar technology in a fixed platform format. The fixed platform utilizes a physical plate that can be created with up to 384 markers. The Illumina® system is created with a single set of markers that cannot be changed and utilizes dyes to indicate marker detection.
These systems and methods represent a wide variety of available detection methods which can be utilized to detect markers associated with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, but any other suitable method could also be used.
Introgression of soybean cyst nematode resistance into non-tolerant or less-tolerant soybean germplasm is provided. Any method for introgressing one or more marker loci into soybean plants known to one of skill in the art can be used. Typically, a first soybean germplasm that contains soybean cyst nematode resistance derived from a particular marker locus, haplotype or marker profile and a second soybean germplasm that lacks such resistance derived from the marker locus, haplotype or marker profile are provided. The first soybean germplasm may be crossed with the second soybean germplasm to provide progeny soybean germplasm. These progeny germplasm are screened to determine the presence of soybean cyst nematode resistance derived from the marker locus, haplotype or marker profile, and progeny that tests positive for the presence of resistance derived from the marker locus, haplotype or marker profile are selected as being soybean germplasm into which the marker locus, haplotype or marker profile has been introgressed. Methods for performing such screening are well known in the art and any suitable method can be used.
One application of MAS is to use the resistance markers, haplotypes or marker profiles to increase the efficiency of an introgression or backcrossing effort aimed at introducing a resistance trait into a desired (typically high yielding) background. In marker assisted backcrossing of specific markers from a donor source, e.g., to an elite genetic background, one selects among backcross progeny for the donor trait and then uses repeated backcrossing to the elite line to reconstitute as much of the elite background's genome as possible.
Thus, the markers and methods can be utilized to guide marker assisted selection or breeding of soybean varieties with the desired complement (set) of allelic forms of chromosome segments associated with superior agronomic performance (resistance, along with any other available markers for yield, disease resistance, etc.). Any of the disclosed marker loci, marker alleles, haplotypes, or marker profiles can be introduced into a soybean line via introgression, by traditional breeding (or introduced via transformation, or both) to yield a soybean plant with superior agronomic performance. The number of alleles associated with resistance that can be introduced or be present in a soybean plant ranges from 1 to the number of alleles disclosed herein, each integer of which is incorporated herein as if explicitly recited.
The markers and methods provided herein can also be utilized to guide marker assisted selection or breeding of soybean varieties comprising other soybean cyst nematode resistance markers or alleles to create a molecular stack for soybean cyst nematode resistance. For example, any of the marker loci provided herein can be introduced into a soybean line having one or more of the soybean cyst nematode resistance alleles rhg1, rhg2, rhg3, rhg4 or rhg5. In one embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg1 allele. In another embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg4 allele. In a further embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg1 and rhg4 alleles. For example, any of the marker loci provided herein can be introduced into a soybean line having one or more of the soybean cyst nematode resistance loci rhg1, rhg2, rhg3 or rhg5. In one embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg1 locus. In another embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg2 locus. In a further embodiment, any one or more of the marker loci provided herein can be stacked with the rhg1 and rhg2 loci.
This also provides a method of making a progeny soybean plant and these progeny soybean plants, per se. The method comprises crossing a first parent soybean plant with a second soybean plant and growing the female soybean plant under plant growth conditions to yield soybean plant progeny. Methods of crossing and growing soybean plants are well within the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art. Such soybean plant progeny can be assayed for alleles associated with resistance and, thereby, the desired progeny selected. Such progeny plants or seed can be sold commercially for soybean production, used for food, processed to obtain a desired constituent of the soybean, or further utilized in subsequent rounds of breeding. At least one of the first or second soybean plants is a soybean plant in that it comprises at least one of the marker loci or marker profiles, such that the progeny are capable of inheriting the marker locus or marker profile.
Often, a method is applied to at least one related soybean plant such as from progenitor or descendant lines in the subject soybean plants pedigree such that inheritance of the desired resistance can be traced. The number of generations separating the soybean plants being subject to the methods provided herein will generally be from 1 to 20, commonly 1 to 5, and typically 1, 2, or 3 generations of separation, and quite often a direct descendant or parent of the soybean plant will be subject to the method (i.e., 1 generation of separation).
Genetic diversity is important for long term genetic gain in any breeding program. With limited diversity, genetic gain will eventually plateau when all of the favorable alleles have been fixed within the elite population. One objective is to incorporate diversity into an elite pool without losing the genetic gain that has already been made and with the minimum possible investment. MAS provides an indication of which genomic regions and which favorable alleles from the original ancestors have been selected for and conserved over time, facilitating efforts to incorporate favorable variation from exotic germplasm sources (parents that are unrelated to the elite gene pool) in the hopes of finding favorable alleles that do not currently exist in the elite gene pool.
For example, the markers, haplotypes, primers, probes, and marker profiles can be used for MAS in crosses involving elite x exotic soybean lines by subjecting the segregating progeny to MAS to maintain major yield alleles, along with the resistance marker alleles herein.
As an alternative to standard breeding methods of introducing traits of interest into soybean (e.g., introgression), transgenic approaches can also be used to create transgenic plants with the desired traits. In these methods, exogenous nucleic acids that encode a desired marker loci, marker profile or haplotype are introduced into target plants or germplasm. For example, a nucleic acid that codes for a resistance trait is cloned, e.g., via positional cloning, and introduced into a target plant or germplasm.
Experienced plant breeders can recognize tolerant soybean plants in the field, and can select the tolerant individuals or populations for breeding purposes or for propagation. In this context, the plant breeder recognizes “resistant” and “non-resistant” or “susceptible” soybean plants. However, plant resistance is a phenotypic spectrum consisting of extremes in resistance and susceptibility, as well as a continuum of intermediate resistance phenotypes. Evaluation of these intermediate phenotypes using reproducible assays are of value to scientists who seek to identify genetic loci that impart resistance, to conduct marker assisted selection for tolerant populations, and to use introgression techniques to breed a resistance trait into an elite soybean line, for example.
By “improved resistance” is intended that the plants show a decrease in the disease symptoms that are the outcome of plant exposure to soybean cyst nematode. That is, the damage caused by soybean cyst nematode is prevented, or alternatively, the disease symptoms caused by soybean cyst nematode is minimized or lessened. Thus, improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode can result in reduction of the disease symptoms by at least about 2% to at least about 6%, at least about 5% to about 50%, at least about 10% to about 60%, at least about 30% to about 70%, at least about 40% to about 80%, or at least about 50% to about 90% or greater. Hence, the methods provided herein can be utilized to protect plants from soybean cyst nematode.
Screening and selection of soybean cyst nematode tolerant soybean plants may be performed, for example, by exposing plants to soybean cyst nematode and selecting those plants showing resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Various assays can be used to measure resistance or improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode. For example, soybean cyst nematode resistance can be determined by visual observations after plant exposure to a particular race of soybean cyst nematode, such as race 1, 2, 3, 5 or 14. Scores range from 1 to 9 and indicate visual observations of resistance as compared to other genotypes in the test. A score of 1 indicates soybean cyst nematode are able to infect the plant and cause yield loss, while a score of 9 indicates soybean cyst nematode resistance. Preliminary scores are reported as double digits, for example, ‘55’ indicates a preliminary score of 5 on the scale of 1 to 9.
Non-limiting examples of soybean cyst nematode resistance phenotypic screening are described in detail below.
Multiple populations of Heterodera glycines are maintained and increased on host plants. These populations are used to identify, purify, and characterize elite soybean varieties for resistance to soybean cyst nematode. The following races of soybean cyst nematode are maintained: Race 1 (Type HG 2.5), Race 2 (Type HG 1.2.5.7), Race 3 (Type HG 0 or Type HG 7), Race 5 (Type HG 2.5.7), and Race 14 (Type HG 1.3.6.7).
Eggs or second stage juveniles (J2) are used to inoculate host plants to increase their population. Soybean cyst nematode infestation requires a minimum 35 days before the cysts reach maturity and can be used to inoculate soybean experiments. Cyst eggs/J2 inoculant is harvested through a series of washings, grindings, and screenings. Screens are used progressing from larger to smaller sizes, ending with a #500 (25 μm) screen.
Soybean plants are grown in cones. Cones are long containers approximately 12 inches long and 1.5 inches in diameter at the top (e.g., Ray Leach Cone-tainersTM). The cone is designed to easily remove the root mass. Three to seven days after planting, an inoculum channel is made in the cone containing the experimental line by poking a 4 inch hole with a 10 ml pipette tip. One ml of inoculum is dispensed into the channel. The plants are watered manually for the duration of the test, with watering being moderately light during the first 3-5 days until J2 infects the roots.
Plants are scored approximately 28-35 days following inoculation when cyst reproduction on susceptible checks is sufficiently high. Plants are removed from their cones and the soil is removed from the roots by gently dipping the roots into a bucket of water. The plants are screened to identify native resistance to one or more of the five races of soybean cyst nematode inoculated using a combination of three methods (1) visual 9-6-1 score; (2) visual full count; and/or (3) microscope count score depending on the stage of the line when screened. In general, lines earlier in the development cycle (R1-R2) are screened by the visual 9-6-1 method, and lines that have progressed to later development phases (R3-R5) are screened by the visual full count and/or microscope count method(s).
One typical phenotyping method is a visual evaluation of the roots. Susceptible checks are first evaluated for the development of cysts on the root system. These counts are recorded and averaged across the experiment to determine the susceptible (SUS) check average. Roots from the test plants are then scored based on a comparison with the average of the susceptible checks as follows:
9=0-15% of the susceptible checks average
6=16-40% of the susceptible checks average
1=≧41% of the susceptible checks average
Visual Counts:
In this method, known checks are counted and reported in full. Observed cysts on the test plants are counted for comparison to the susceptible check plant scores. Cyst counts are converted to 1-9 scores based on the female index (FI). The female index (FI) is the percentage of the number of females cysts produced on each experimental line divided by the number produced on a standard susceptible soybean check, then the result is multiplied by 100. A low FI (<10) means that the soybean cyst nematode population is not able to reproduce well on the test line, a high FI means that the soybean cyst nematode population is able to reproduce well on the test line.
Microscope Counts:
Cysts counts for soybean cyst nematode assays for checks and experimental line are determined by washing cysts from roots and counting the number of cysts under the microscope.
At about 28-35 days after inoculation, roots from the susceptible check controls are examined for yellow cysts to assess whether to begin the process of evaluating the test. Experimental lines are compared with known standard checks. Once adequate levels of cysts are detected on the check varieties, plants from the test lines are removed from cones one at a time. Soil is removed from roots by gently dipping the roots into a bucket of water. The root tissue is placed on a 850 micron (#20) pore sieve stacked over a 250 micron (#60) pore sieve and sprayed with a jet of water to dislodge cysts from the roots. Collected cysts are rinsed from the #60 sieve into a clean labeled cup using no more than 30 mls of additional water.
Once all the samples are collected, each sample is counted using a gridded counting dish under a stereo microscope. The number of cysts counted are recorded for each sample. Cyst counts on the test plants are converted to the 1-9 scoring scale based on the female index (FI) described above.
The following exemplary soybean cyst nematode checks, as depicted in Table 6, can be planted and used to monitor cyst development:







TABLE 10







Exemplary soybean cyst nematode checks.











Race 1
Race 2
Race 3
Race 5
Race 14





92B12 RES
95M60 RES
9182 RES
92B12 RES
9182 RES


9281 SUS
9281 SUS
9281 SUS
9281 SUS
9281 SUS


9234 RES
PI437654 RES
9234 RES
9234 RES
9234 SUS


9392 SUS
9392 SUS
9392 SUS
9392 SUS
9392 SUS


91M12 MR
9234 MR
93B15 MR
91M12 SUS
93B15 MR





RES = Resistant;


SUS = Susceptible; and,


MR = Moderately Resistant






In some examples, a kit or an automated system for detecting marker loci, haplotypes, and marker profiles, and/or correlating the marker loci, haplotypes, and marker profiles with a desired phenotype (e.g., soybean cyst nematode resistance) are provided. As used herein, “kit” refers to a set of reagents for the purpose of performing the various methods of detecting or identifying herein, more particularly, the identification and/or the detection of a soybean plant or germplasm having improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In one embodiment, a kit for detecting or selecting at least one soybean plant or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode is provided. Such a kit comprises (a) primers or probes for detecting one or more marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, wherein at least one of the primers and probes in the kit are capable of detecting a marker locus, wherein the marker locus is: (i) between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1; (ii) between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; or (iii) between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2; and (b) instructions for using the primers or probes for detecting the one or more marker loci and correlating the detected marker loci with predicted resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In a specific embodiment, the primers and probes of the kit are capable of detecting a marker locus comprising: (a) S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 on linkage group B1, or a closely linked marker; (b) S07162-1-Q1 on linkage group C1, or a closely linked marker; or (c) S07161-1-Q1 on linkage group D2, or a closely linked marker.
In one embodiment, a kit for detecting or selecting at least one soybean plant or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode is provided. Such a kit comprises (I) primers or probes for detecting one or more marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, wherein at least one of the primers and probes in the kit are capable of detecting a marker locus, wherein the marker locus is: (a) is flanked by S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) is within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) is flanked by S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) is selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (g) is flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) is flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) is within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) is within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) is in an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) is flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) is flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) is flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) is in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) is in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) is flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) is flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) comprises one or more of S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) is flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) is flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2; and (II) instructions for using the primers or probes for detecting the one or more marker loci and correlating the detected marker loci with predicted resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
In a specific embodiment, the primers and probes of the kit are capable of detecting a marker locus comprising a marker that: (a) is flanked by S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) is within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) is flanked by S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) is selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (g) is flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) is flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) is within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) is within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) is in an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) is flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) is flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) is flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) is in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) is in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) is flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) is flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) comprises one or more of S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) is flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) is flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2.
Thus, a typical kit or system can include a set of marker probes or primers configured to detect at least one favorable allele of one or more marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, for instance a favorable marker locus, haplotype or marker profile. These probes or primers can be configured, for example, to detect the marker loci noted in the tables and examples herein, e.g., using any available allele detection format, such as solid or liquid phase array based detection, microfluidic-based sample detection, etc. The systems and kits can further include packaging materials for packaging the probes, primers, or instructions, controls such as control amplification reactions that include probes, primers or template nucleic acids for amplifications, molecular size markers, or the like.
A typical system can also include a detector that is configured to detect one or more signal outputs from the set of marker probes or primers, or amplicon thereof, thereby identifying the presence or absence of the allele. A wide variety of signal detection apparatus are available, including photo multiplier tubes, spectrophotometers, CCD arrays, scanning detectors, phototubes and photodiodes, microscope stations, galvo-scans, microfluidic nucleic acid amplification detection appliances and the like. The precise configuration of the detector will depend, in part, on the type of label used to detect the marker allele, as well as the instrumentation that is most conveniently obtained for the user. Detectors that detect fluorescence, phosphorescence, radioactivity, pH, charge, absorbance, luminescence, temperature, magnetism or the like can be used. Typical detector examples include light (e.g., fluorescence) detectors or radioactivity detectors. For example, detection of a light emission (e.g., a fluorescence emission) or other probe label is indicative of the presence or absence of a marker allele. Fluorescent detection is generally used for detection of amplified nucleic acids (however, upstream and/or downstream operations can also be performed on amplicons, which can involve other detection methods). In general, the detector detects one or more label (e.g., light) emission from a probe label, which is indicative of the presence or absence of a marker allele. The detector(s) optionally monitors one or a plurality of signals from an amplification reaction. For example, the detector can monitor optical signals which correspond to “real time” amplification assay results.
System or kit instructions that describe how to use the system or kit or that correlate the presence or absence of the favorable allele with the predicted resistance are also provided. For example, the instructions can include at least one look-up table that includes a correlation between the presence or absence of the favorable alleles, haplotypes, or marker profiles and the predicted resistance. The precise form of the instructions can vary depending on the components of the system, e.g., they can be present as system software in one or more integrated unit of the system (e.g., a microprocessor, computer or computer readable medium), or can be present in one or more units (e.g., computers or computer readable media) operably coupled to the detector. As noted, in one typical example, the system instructions include at least one look-up table that includes a correlation between the presence or absence of the favorable alleles and predicted resistance. The instructions also typically include instructions providing a user interface with the system, e.g., to permit a user to view results of a sample analysis and to input parameters into the system.
Isolated polynucleotides comprising the nucleic acid sequences of the primers and probes provided herein are also encompassed herein. In one embodiment, the isolated polynucleotide comprises a polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1, S07162-1-Q1, S07162-1-Q1, or a marker closely linked thereto.
Isolated polynucleotides comprising the nucleic acid sequences of the primers and probes provided herein are also encompassed herein. In one embodiment, the isolated polynucleotide comprises a polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising a marker locus (a) is flanked by S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (b) two or more marker locus within 30 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (c) is within 10 cM of one or more of S04348, S01209, or S01999 on linkage group B1; (d) comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (e) is flanked by S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1; (f) is selected from the group consisting of S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B1; (g) is flanked by Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2; (h) is flanked by S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; (i) is within 30 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (j) is within 10 cM of one or more of S03252 or S02112 on linkage group C2; (k) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group C2; (l) is in an interval comprising the bottom 30 cM of linkage group E, for example from about 66 cM to the end; (m) is flanked by BARC-062799-18070 to the end of linkage group E; (n) is flanked by Sat_107 to the end of linkage group E; (o) is flanked by S00350 to S02183 on linkage group E; (p) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (q) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00350 or S02183 on linkage group E; (r) comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group E; (s) is in an interval comprising the top 30 cM of linkage group L, for example from about 0-30 cM; (t) is in an interval is flanked by S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; (u) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (v) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02074 or S03991 on linkage group L; (w) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group L; (x) is flanked by marker locus S00875 and about marker S02621 on linkage group D1b; (y) is flanked by S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b; (z) is within 30 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (aa) is within 10 cM of one or more of S00479, S02136, S00875, S12875, S12950, S12947, S12933, S12853, S03246, S01519, S12962, S00144, S08166, S08177, S01081, and S02621 on linkage group D1b; (ab) comprises one or more of S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A or S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and S02621-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group D1b; (ac) is flanked by Sat_264 and about BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2; (ad) is flanked by S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (ae) is within 30 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; (af) is within 10 cM of one or more of S02864 and S04785 on linkage group B2; and/or (ag) comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto on linkage group B2.
In specific embodiments, the isolated polynucleotide comprises: (a) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOS: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and/or 248; (b) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338; (c) a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338; or (d) a polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338.
In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acids are capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions to nucleic acids of a soybean cultivar tolerant to soybean cyst nematode, for instance to particular SNPs that comprise a marker locus, haplotype or marker profile.
As used herein, a substantially identical or complementary sequence is a polynucleotide that will specifically hybridize to the complement of the nucleic acid molecule to which it is being compared under high stringency conditions. A polynucleotide is said to be the “complement” of another polynucleotide if they exhibit complementarity. As used herein, molecules are said to exhibit “complete complementarity” when every nucleotide of one of the polynucleotide molecules is complementary to a nucleotide of the other. Two molecules are said to be “minimally complementary” if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under at least conventional “low-stringency” conditions. Similarly, the molecules are said to be “complementary” if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under conventional “high-stringency” conditions.
Appropriate stringency conditions which promote DNA hybridization, for example, 6× sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45° C., followed by a wash of 2×SSC at 50° C., are known to those skilled in the art or can be found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6. Typically, stringent conditions for hybridization and detection will be those in which the salt concentration is less than about 1.5 M Na ion, typically about 0.01 to 1.0 M Na ion concentration (or other salts) at pH 7.0 to 8.3 and the temperature is at least about 30° C. for short probes (e.g., 10 to 50 nucleotides) and at least about 60° C. for long probes (e.g., greater than 50 nucleotides). Stringent conditions may also be achieved with the addition of destabilizing agents such as formamide. Exemplary low stringency conditions include hybridization with a buffer solution of 30 to 35% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) at 37° C., and a wash in 1× to 2×SSC (20×SSC=3.0 M NaCl/0.3 M trisodium citrate) at 50 to 55° C. Exemplary moderate stringency conditions include hybridization in 40 to 45% formamide, 1.0 M NaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 0.5× to 1×SSC at 55 to 60° C. Exemplary high stringency conditions include hybridization in 50% formamide, 1 M NaCl, 1% SDS at 37° C., and a wash in 0.1×SSC at 60 to 65° C. Optionally, wash buffers may comprise about 0.1% to about 1% SDS. Duration of hybridization is generally less than about 24 hours, usually about 4 to about 12 hours. The duration of the wash time will be at least a length of time sufficient to reach equilibrium.
Non-limiting examples of methods and compositions disclosed herein are as follows:
1. A method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, the method comprising detecting in the genome of said first soybean plant or in the genome of said first soybean germplasm at least one marker locus that is associated with the resistance, wherein:
(a) the at least one marker locus is between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1;
(b) the at least one marker locus is between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; or
(c) the at least one marker locus is between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2.
2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (a) comprises S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
3. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (b) comprises S07162-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
4. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (c) comprises S07161-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
5. The method of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein at least two marker loci are detected.
6. The method of embodiment 5, wherein the at least two marker loci comprise a haplotype that is associated with said resistance.
7. The method of embodiment 5, wherein the at least two marker loci comprise a marker profile that is associated with said resistance.
8. The method of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the germplasm is a soybean variety.
9. The method of any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the method further comprises selecting the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm or a progeny thereof having the at least one marker locus.
10. The method of embodiment 9, further comprising crossing the selected first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm with a second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm.
11. The method of embodiment 10, wherein the second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm comprises an exotic soybean strain or an elite soybean strain.
12. The method of any one of embodiments 1-11, wherein the detecting comprises amplifying at least one of said marker loci and detecting the resulting amplified marker amplicon.
13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the amplifying comprises:
a) admixing an amplification primer or amplification primer pair for each marker locus being amplified with a nucleic acid isolated from the first soybean plant or the first soybean germplasm, wherein the primer or primer pair is complementary or partially complementary to a variant or fragment of the genomic locus comprising the marker locus, and is capable of initiating DNA polymerization by a DNA polymerase using the soybean nucleic acid as a template; and
b) extending the primer or primer pair in a DNA polymerization reaction comprising a DNA polymerase and a template nucleic acid to generate at least one amplicon.
14. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said method comprises amplifying a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 or 154.
15. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, or complements thereof.

16. The method of embodiment 15, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 or variants or fragments thereof.

17. The method of embodiment 16, wherein said primer pair comprises:

a) SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO:2;
b) SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO:9;
c) SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 13;
d) SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19;
e) SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO:32;
f) SEQ ID NO: 39 and SEQ ID NO:40;
g) SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO:51;
h) SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO:65; or
i) SEQ ID NO: 66 and SEQ ID NO:67.
18. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said method comprises amplifying a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 155 or 156.
19. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 155, 156 or complements thereof.
20. The method of embodiment 19, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 or variants or fragments thereof.
21. The method of embodiment 20, wherein said primer pair comprises SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73.
22. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said method comprises amplifying a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 157 or 158.
23. The method of embodiment 13, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 157, 158 or complements thereof.
24. The method of embodiment 23, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 or variants or fragments thereof.
25. The method of embodiment 23, wherein said primer pair comprises SEQ ID NO: 82 and SEQ ID NO: 83.
26. The method of embodiment 13, wherein the method further comprises providing one or more labeled nucleic acid probes suitable for detection of each marker locus being amplified.
27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein said labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 or complements thereof.

28. The method of embodiment 27, wherein the labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 or 106.

29. The method of embodiment 26, wherein said labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 155, 156 or complements thereof.

30. The method of embodiment 29, wherein the labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 107 or 108.

31. The method of embodiment 26, wherein said labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising a variant or fragment of SEQ ID NOs: 157, 158 or complements thereof.

32. The method of embodiment 31, wherein the labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 109 or 110.

33. The method of any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the detecting comprises DNA sequencing of at least one of said marker loci.

34. An isolated polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 or a marker closely linked thereto.

35. The isolated polynucleotide of embodiment 34, wherein the polynucleotide comprises:

(a) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 or 71;
(b) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 or 106;
(c) a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b); or
(d) a polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b).
36. An isolated polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising S07162-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
37. The isolated polynucleotide of embodiment 36, wherein the polynucleotide comprises:
(a) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 or 81;
(b) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 107 or 108;
(c) a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b); or
(d) a polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b).
38. An isolated polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising S07161-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
39. The isolated polynucleotide of embodiment 38, wherein the polynucleotide comprises:
(a) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 82, 83, 84, 85 or 86;
(b) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 109 or 110;
(c) a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b); or
(d) a polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of the polynucleotides set forth in parts (a) or (b).
40. A kit for detecting or selecting at least one soybean plant or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, the kit comprising:
a) primers or probes for detecting one or more marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, wherein the primers or probes are capable of detecting a marker locus, wherein:

    
    
        (i) the marker locus is between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1;
        (ii) the marker locus is between about marker Sat_207 and about marker Satt713 on linkage group C1; or
        (iii) the marker locus is between about marker Satt574 and about marker Satt615 on linkage group D2; and
    
    


b) instructions for using the primers or probes for detecting the one or more marker loci and correlating the detected marker loci with predicted resistance to soybean cyst nematode.
41. The kit of embodiment 40, wherein the primers or probes are capable of detecting a marker locus comprising
(a) S04196-1-B, S04938-1-A, S04937-1-Q1, S08344-1-Q1, S08343-1-Q1, S08346-1-Q1, S06786-1, S06787-1, S06803-1, S04197-1 or a marker closely linked thereto;
(b) S07162-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto; or
(c) S07161-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.
42. A method of identifying a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, the method comprising detecting in the genome of said first soybean plant or in the genome of said first soybean germplasm at least one marker locus that is associated with the resistance, wherein:

    
    
        (a) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S00875 and S02621 on linkage group D1b;
        (b) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b;
        (c) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus Sat_264 and BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2;
        (d) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2;
        (e) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1;
        (f) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1;
        (g) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2;
        (h) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; or,
        (i) the at least one marker locus comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto; or,
        (j) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L.

43. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (a) comprises S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A, S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, and, S02621-1-A or a marker closely linked thereto.

44. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (c) comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.

45. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (e) comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.

46. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (f) comprises S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto.

47. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (g) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.

48. The method of embodiment 42, wherein the at least one marker locus of part (j) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.

49. The method of any one of embodiments 42-48, wherein at least two marker loci are detected.

50. The method of any one of embodiments 42-49, wherein the germplasm is a soybean variety.

51. The method of any one of embodiments 42-50, wherein the method further comprises selecting the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm or a progeny thereof having the at least one marker locus.

52. The method of embodiment 51, further comprising crossing the selected first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm with a second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm.

53. The method of embodiment 52, wherein the second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm comprises an exotic soybean strain or an elite soybean strain.

54. The method of any one of embodiments 42-51, wherein the detecting comprises amplifying at least one of said marker loci and detecting the resulting amplified marker amplicon.

55. The method of embodiment 54, wherein the amplifying comprises:

        a) admixing an amplification primer or amplification primer pair for each marker locus being amplified with a nucleic acid isolated from the first soybean plant or the first soybean germplasm, wherein the primer or primer pair is complementary or partially complementary to a variant or fragment of the genomic locus comprising the marker locus, and is capable of initiating DNA polymerization by a DNA polymerase using the soybean nucleic acid as a template; and
        b) extending the primer or primer pair in a DNA polymerization reaction comprising a DNA polymerase and a template nucleic acid to generate at least one amplicon.

56. The method of embodiment 55, wherein said method comprises amplifying a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377.

57. The method of embodiment 55, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377 or complements thereof.

58. The method of embodiment 57, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and/or 248 or variants or fragments thereof.

59. The method of embodiment 58, wherein said primer pair comprises the pairs as shown in Table 3.

60. The method of embodiment 55, wherein the method further comprises providing one or more labeled nucleic acid probes suitable for detection of each marker locus being amplified.

61. The method of embodiment 60, wherein said labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising a variant or fragment of one or more polynucleotides comprising SEQ ID NOs: 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, and/or 377 or complements thereof.

62. The method of embodiment 61, wherein the labeled nucleic acid probe comprises a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338.

63. The method of any one of embodiments 41-53, wherein the detecting comprises DNA sequencing of at least one of said marker loci.

64. An isolated polynucleotide capable of detecting a marker locus of the soybean genome comprising

        a) S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto;
        b) S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A, S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, S02621-1-A or a marker closely linked thereto;
        c) S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto;
        d) S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto;
        e) S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto;
        f) S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto; or,
        g) S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.

65. The isolated polynucleotide of embodiment 64, wherein the polynucleotide comprises:

        (a) a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NOs: 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, and/or 338;
        (b) a polynucleotide having at least 90% sequence identity to the polynucleotides set forth in part (a); or
        (d) a polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides of the polynucleotides set forth in part (a).

66. A kit for detecting or selecting at least one soybean plant or soybean germplasm with improved resistance to soybean cyst nematode, the kit comprising:

        a) a primer or a probe for detecting one or more marker loci associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, wherein the primer or probe are capable of detecting a marker locus, wherein:
        
            (i) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S00875 and S02621 on linkage group D1b;
            (ii) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S00479 and S02136 on linkage group D1b;
            (iii) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus Sat_264 and BARC-020449-04623 on linkage group B2;
            (iv) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S02874 and S04785 on linkage group B2;
            (v) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S04348 and S01999 on linkage group B1;
            (vi) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S01209 and S01999 on linkage group B1;
            (vii) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus Satt557 and Satt307 on linkage group C2;
            (viii) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S03252 and S02112 on linkage group C2; or,
            (iix) the at least one marker locus comprises S00350-1-A, S02183-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto; or,
            (ix) the at least one marker locus is flanked by marker locus S02074 and S03991 on linkage group L; and,
        
        
        b) instructions for using the primers or probes for detecting the one or more marker loci and correlating the detected marker loci with predicted resistance to soybean cyst nematode.

67. The kit of embodiment 66, wherein the primer or probe is capable of detecting a marker locus comprising

    
    


(a) the at least one marker locus comprises S01519-1-A, S08177-1-Q1, S00479-1-A, S02136-1-A, S00875-1-A, S12875-1-Q1, S12950-1-Q1, S12947-1-Q1, S12933-1-Q1, S12853-1-Q1, S03246-1-A, S12962-1-Q1 S00144-1-A, S08166-1-Q1, S01081, S02621-1-A or a marker closely linked thereto;
(b) the at least one marker locus comprises S02874-1-A, S04785-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto;
(c) the at least one marker locus comprises S04348-1-A, S01209-1-A, S01999-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto;
(d) the at least one marker locus comprises S04937-2-A, S04937-1-Q1, S04938-1-A, S04938-2-A, S06786-2-Q1, S06786-3-Q1, S06786-1-Q1, S06787-2-Q1, S06787-1-Q1, S06803-1-Q1, S06804-1-Q1, S06788-1-Q1, S06805-1-Q1, S06789-1-Q1, S06790-1-Q1, S06791-2-Q1, S06791-1-Q1, or S06792-1-Q1 or a marker closely linked thereto;
(e) the at least one marker locus of part (g) comprises S03252-1-A, S02112-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
(f) the at least one marker locus of part (j) comprises S02074-1-A, S03991-1-A, or a marker closely linked thereto.
EXPERIMENTAL
The following examples are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the claimed invention. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and persons skilled in the art will recognize various reagents or parameters that can be altered without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1
Markers were developed to characterize, identify, and/or select resistant or susceptible alleles at the SCN loci on linkage groups B1, C1 and D2. Markers were screened against various known resistant and susceptible parents.
During development, these markers were validated and confirmed against a panel of 31 varieties which included proprietary experimental lines, proprietary commercial lines, and public lines.







TABLE 11





Assay conditions:


















H20
 4.28 ul



Hot Tub buffer
 0.5 ul



Rox Dye (50X)
0.075 ul



DNTPs (24 mM each)
0.039 ul



Primer (100 uM)
0.0375 ul 



Primer (100 uM)
0.0375 ul 



Primer (100 uM)
0.0375 ul 



FAM Probe (100 uM
0.005 ul



VIC Probe (100 uM
0.005 ul



Hot Tub enzyme
0.025 ul



Total volume
5.005 ul










Further development and testing was done to optimize the marker components for high throughput analysis of soybean. From this testing, an optimal set of primer and probe combinations were chosen for high throughput analysis needs, but other versions can be used to detect the polymorphism(s) associated with the phenotype.
Similar development, testing and analysis was done to produce any additional markers to detect polymorphisms associated with the identified SCN loci and soybean cyst nematode resistance, with the results of this work summarized in the Tables provided herein. The markers were validated against the panel of SCN resistant or susceptible varieties described above. The markers are capable of detecting SCN loci likely derived from one or more of PI88788, Peking, PI437654, as well markers from other sources. These markers may have further been optimized for robust and consistent performance in high throughput assay conditions.
These markers can be used in other assays or with other assay conditions. Some markers were assayed under additional conditions, an example of which is summarized below.
The parameters used for the TaqMan assay are as follows in Table 12 and 13.







TABLE 12





Cycle Settings



















94° C.
120 sec 
 1 cycle



60° C.
60 sec
40 cycles



72° C.
 1 sec



94° C.
30 sec




















TABLE 13







Assay Mix
1x (ul)









DNA (1.5 ng) - dried down in assay plate
—



ddH20
3.95



Hottub buffer
0.5



dNTP (2.5 mM)
0.375



Primer 1 + Pri0mer 2 (100 uM F + R)
0.02



Probe 1 (10 uM)
0.05



Probe 2 (10 uM)
0.05



Hottub enzyme
0.025



Rox dye (50x)
0.075



Total
5.05

















TABLE 14







Summary of SEQ ID NOs.









SEQ ID

Linkage


NO
Description
Group












1
Primer 141527
B1


2
Primer 141528
B1


3
Primer S4196-F2
B1


4
Primer S4196-R2
B1


5
Primer S4196-F3
B1


6
Primer S4196-R3
B1


7
Primer S4196-R4
B1


8
Primer S04938-F1
B1


9
Primer S04938-R1
B1


10
Primer 141535, S04937-F1
B1


11
Primer 141536
B1


12
Primer 148638, S04937-F5
B1


13
Primer 148639, S04937-R3
B1


14
Primer S04937-F3
B1


15
Primer S04937-F4
B1


16
Primer S04937-R4
B1


17
Primer S04937-R5
B1


18
Primer 136830
B1


19
Primer 136831
B1


20
Primer P12198A1-F (128-) 76806
B1


21
Primer 86074: P12198A-1T66A218F
B1


22
Primer 86075: P12198A-1T66A218R
B1


23
Primer 92472-p12198A1_R
B1


24
Primer 136828
B1


25
Primer 136829
B1


26
Primer 136832
B1


27
Primer 136833
B1


28
Primer 19661
B1


29
Primer 19389
B1


30
Primer 96347
B1


31
Primer 136886
B1


32
Primer 136887
B1


33
Primer P8584A-1-F2, 82593
B1


34
Primer Reverse primer 15081
B1


35
Primer 136884
B1


36
Primer 136885
B1


37
Primer 136888
B1


38
Primer 136889
B1


39
Primer 144687
B1


40
Primer 144688
B1


41
Primer S06786-1-Q1F
B1


42
Primer S06786-1-Q1R
B1


43
Primer S06786-1-Q2R
B1


44
Primer S06786-1-Q3F
B1


45
Primer S06786-1-Q3R
B1


46
Primer S06786-1-Q4F
B1


47
Primer S06786-1-Q4R
B1


48
Primer S06786-1-Q5F
B1


49
Primer S06786-1-Q5R
B1


50
Primer 142755
B1


51
Primer 142756
B1


52
Primer 142759
B1


53
Primer 142760
B1


54
Primer S06787-1-Q2F
B1


55
Primer S06787-1-Q2R
B1


56
Primer S06787-1-Q3R
B1


57
Primer S06787-1-Q4F
B1


58
Primer S06787-1-Q4R
B1


59
Primer S06803-1-Q1F
B1


60
Primer S06803-1-Q1R
B1


61
Primer S06803-1-Q2F
B1


62
Primer S06803-1-Q3F
B1


63
Primer S06803-1-Q3R
B1


64
Primer 142386
B1


65
Primer 142387
B1


66
Primer S04197-1-F2
B1


67
Primer S04197-1-R2
B1


68
Primer S04197-1-F3
B1


69
Primer S04197-1-R3
B1


70
Primer S04197-1-F4
B1


71
Primer S04197-1-R4
B1


72
Primer 136849
C1


73
Primer 136850
C1


74
Primer 80907
C1


75
Primer 80908
C1


76
Primer 87501
C1


77
Primer 87504
C1


78
Primer 136845
C1


79
Primer 136846
C1


80
Primer 136847
C1


81
Primer 136848
C1


82
Primer 137370
D2


83
Primer 137374
D2


84
Primer 137371
D2


85
Primer 137372
D2


86
Primer 137373
D2


87
Probe 141540
B1


88
Probe 141539
B1


89
Probe S04938-1-P1
B1


90
Probe S04938-1-P2
B1


91
Probe 141537
B1


92
Probe 141538
B1


93
Probe 102404
B1


94
Probe 102405
B1


95
Probe 102406
B1


96
Probe 102407
B1


97
Probe 102384
B1


98
Probe 102385
B1


99
Probe 142753
B1


100
Probe 142754
B1


101
Probe 142757
B1


102
Probe 142758
B1


103
Probe 142761
B1


104
Probe 142762
B1


105
Probe 142389
B1


106
Probe 142388
B1


107
Probe 102396
C1


108
Probe 102397
C1


109
Probe 125316
D2


110
Probe 125331
D2


111
Amplicon for S04196-1-B comprising resistance allele
B1


112
Amplicon for S04196-1-B comprising susceptible
B1



allele


113
Amplicon for S04938-1-A comprising resistance allele
B1


114
Amplicon for S04938-1-A comprising susceptible
B1



allele


115
Amplicon for S04937-1-Q1 comprising resistance
B1



allele


116
Amplicon for S04937-1-Q1 comprising susceptible
B1



allele


117
Amplicon for S08344-1-Q1 comprising resistance
B1



allele


118
Amplicon for S08344-1-Q1 comprising susceptible
B1



allele


119
Amplicon for S08343-1-Q1 comprising resistance
B1



allele


120
Amplicon for S08343-1-Q1 comprising susceptible
B1



allele


121
Amplicon for S08346-1-Q1 comprising resistance
B1



allele


122
Amplicon for S08346-1-Q1 comprising susceptible
B1



allele


123
Amplicon for S06786-1 comprising resistance allele
B1


124
Amplicon for S06786-1 comprising susceptible allele
B1


125
Amplicon for S06787-1 comprising resistance allele
B1


126
Amplicon for S06787-1 comprising susceptible allele
B1


127
Amplicon for S06803-1 comprising resistance allele
B1


128
Amplicon for S06803-1 comprising susceptible allele
B1


129
Amplicon for S04197-1 comprising resistance allele
B1


130
Amplicon for S04197-1 comprising susceptible allele
B1


131
Amplicon for S07162-1-Q1comprising resistance allele
C1


132
Amplicon for S07162-1-Q1comprising susceptible
C1



allele


133
Amplicon for S07161-1-Q1comprising resistance allele
D2


134
Amplicon for S07161-1-Q1comprising susceptible
D2



allele


135
Reference sequence for S04196-1-B comprising
B1



resistance allele


136
Reference sequence for S04196-1-B comprising
B1



susceptible allele


137
Reference sequence for S04938-1-A comprising
B1



resistance allele


138
Reference sequence for S04938-1-A comprising
B1



susceptible allele


139
Reference sequence for S04937-1-Q1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


140
Reference sequence for S04937-1-Q1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


141
Reference sequence for S08344-1-Q1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


142
Reference sequence for S08344-1-Q1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


143
Reference sequence for S08343-1-Q1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


144
Reference sequence for S08343-1-Q1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


145
Reference sequence for S08346-1-Q1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


146
Reference sequence for S08346-1-Q1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


147
Reference sequence for S06786-1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


148
Reference sequence for S06786-1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


149
Reference sequence for S06787-1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


150
Reference sequence for S06787-1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


151
Reference sequence for S06803-1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


152
Reference sequence for S06803-1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


153
Reference sequence for S04197-1 comprising
B1



resistance allele


154
Reference sequence for S04197-1 comprising
B1



susceptible allele


155
Reference sequence for S07162-1-Q1comprising
C1



resistance allele


156
Reference sequence for S07162-1-Q1comprising
C1



susceptible allele


157
Reference sequence for S07161-1-Q1comprising
D2



resistance allele


158
Reference sequence for S07161-1-Q1comprising
D2



susceptible allele









Example 2
Materials and Methods
Population:
Three different homozygous PI90763-derived donor parents were used to create three backcross populations, consisting of five replicates of 92, 83, and 69 progeny, respectively. The respective family names for the populations are LP40401802 (1802), LP40401803 (1803), and LP40401805 (1805). Six punches from separate plants were sampled per line and submitted for genotyping as JB29911. The plates were CTAB extracted to isolate DNA for analysis.
Genotyping:
The putative QTL region on linkage group D1b_(2) was saturated with 16 polymorphic markers for genotyping
Phenotyping:
SCN2 scores (1-9 scale) were provided for each replication of each line and the scores were averaged to give one score per line. A haplotype analysis of the D1b region and the results were used to divide the progeny into a recombinant data set and a non-recombinant data set.
QTL Analysis:
Single marker analysis was executed using QTL Cartographer 2.5 (Wang et al. (2011) Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5; Dept. of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. Available online at statgen.ncsu.edu/qtlcart/WQTLCart.htm).
Results:
Genotyping:
Three markers were removed from all three families that were segregating between the two susceptible parents, one monomorphic marker was removed from family 1802, and two monomorphic markers were removed from family 1805. The remaining allele calls were converted to the A (maternal), B (paternal), H (heterozygous) convention for QTL analysis.
The segregation ratios among the three families varied widely with family 1802 skewed towards the susceptible parents, 1803 skewed towards the resistant parent, and 1805 fairly equal
Phenotyping:
The phenotypic distributions for the populations were evaluated with each line represented once using the average score across samples. Each population was evaluated as a whole and then broken down into a recombinant data set and a non-recombinant data set (family 1803 progeny were all classified as recombinant). The average SCN2 score for the parents are as follows: Parent 1=3.0, Parent 2=2.2, and PI090763=8.4.
Single Marker Analysis:
Highly significant markers associated with SCN were found on Lg-D1b. Single marker analysis was conducted for each family and then the families were broken down into recombinant and non-recombinant groups and the analysis was repeated. The tables below show the markers found to be significant at a pr(F)<0.05, and the markers/intervals of highest significance are indicated in bold for each set.
Family LP40401802:
No highly significant associations were identified in family 1802. The highest significance was found in the non-recombinant data set at marker S00479-1-A (91.61 cM), explaining 24% of the variation. Minor significance was found at marker S01519-1-A across all progeny and in the recombinant data set, explaining 11% of the variation.













TABLE 15





Family
Data Set
Marker
LG
LRS
pr(F)
R2







LP40401802
All progeny
S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
3.966
0.04957
0.046


LP40401802
All progeny
S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
6.084
0.01501
0.065


LP40401802
All progeny
S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
6.084
0.01501
0.065


LP40401802
All progeny
S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
9.304
0.00263
0.087


LP40401802
All progeny
S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
10.743 
0.00123
0.113


LP40401802
All progeny
S08177-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
6.986
0.00916
0.074


LP40401802
Non-
S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
9.310
0.00324
0.239



recombinant


LP40401802
Non-recombinant
S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
4.478
0.04120
0.117


LP40401802
Recombinant
S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
5.166
0.02643
0.083


LP40401802
Recombinant
S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
6.316
0.01411
0.110


LP40401802
Recombinant
S08177-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
4.278
0.04338
0.075





LRS = likelihood ratio statistic.


pr(F) is the F test statistic testing the null hypothesis. 0.05 is the lowest level of significance, anything <0.0001 is highly significant.






Family LP40401803:
Significance was found in family 1803 between markers S00875-1-A (113.96 cM) and S12933-1-Q1 (cM), explaining 15% of the variation. No recombination was observed in this interval.













TABLE 16





Family
Data Set
Marker
LG
LRS
pr(F)
R2





















LP40401803
Recombinant
S02136-1-A
D1b_(2)
4.731
0.03236
0.059


LP40401803
Recombinant
S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
12.686
0.00046
0.150


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.423
0.00088
0.125


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
12.686
0.00046
0.150


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
12.037
0.00064
0.137


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
12.686
0.00046
0.150


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
10.248
0.00163
0.119


LP40401803
Recombinant
S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
10.744
0.00126
0.129


LP40401803
Recombinant
S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
7.494
0.00707
0.092


LP40401803
Recombinant
S08177-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
8.056
0.00523
0.098









Family LP40401805:
Highly significant markers were found in family 1805 between markers S12875-1-Q1 (cM) and S12933-1-Q1 (cM), explaining 31% of the variation using all progeny and 18% of the variation using only recombinant progeny. No recombination was observed in this interval. Significance was not found using the non-recombinant data set.













TABLE 17





Family
Data Set
Marker
LG
LRS
pr(F)
R2





















LP40401805
All progeny
S02136-1-A
D1b_(2)
4.158
0.04537
0.059


LP40401805
All progeny
S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
11.254
0.00099
0.153


LP40401805
All progeny
S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.834
0.00000
0.304


LP40401805
All progeny
S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.834
0.00000
0.306


LP40401805
All progeny
S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.129
0.00000
0.299


LP40401805
All progeny
S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.129
0.00000
0.304


LP40401805
All progeny
S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
22.994
0.00000
0.285


LP40401805
All progeny
S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
22.994
0.00000
0.287


LP40401805
All progeny
S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
22.377
0.00000
0.280


LP40401805
Recombinant
S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
9.076
0.00339
0.179


LP40401805
Recombinant
S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
9.076
0.00339
0.179


LP40401805
Recombinant
S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
9.076
0.00339
0.179


LP40401805
Recombinant
S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
9.076
0.00339
0.179


LP40401805
Recombinant
S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
7.411
0.00811
0.149


LP40401805
Recombinant
S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
7.411
0.00811
0.149


LP40401805
Recombinant
S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
7.411
0.00811
0.149


LP40401805
Recombinant
S08177-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
7.075
0.00969
0.163









Recombinant and non-recombinant haplotypes were identified in these three populations, and are summarized below in Table ??, where r=resistant, h=heterozygous, and s=susceptible














TABLE 18







D1b







Haplotype
S00875
S01519
S00144
S01081









rrrr
G
C
C
C



rrhh
G
C
C, G
A, C



rrhs
G
C
C, G
A



ssrr
A
T
C
C



rrss
G
C
G
A



hrrr
A, G
C
C
C



rrrh
G
C
C
A, C



hrrh
A, G
C
C
A, C



rrrs
G
C
C
A



rsrr
G
T
C
C



srrr
A
C
C
C



sssr
A
T
G
C



srrh
A
C
C
A, C



srsr
A
C
G
C










Example 3
Materials and Methods
Population.
The population LP40401802 comprised of 204 progeny replicated five times each, was submitted as JB15967 and CTAB extracted for genotyping.
Genotyping:
The putative QTL region on linkage group D1b_(2) was saturated with 17 polymorphic markers, with the rest of the chromosome covered by an additional 13 markers. All marker selections were made using a proprietary software to select markers distributed across the linkage group.
Phenotyping:
Raw cyst counts and the derived 1-9 SCN2 scores were provided for each of the 1020 progeny and parental samples. The scores were averaged for each variety, resulting in 204 progeny scores.
Linkage Analysis:
Map Manager QTX.b20 was used for linkage map construction with the following parameters:
1) Linkage Evaluation: Advanced Backcross 2
2) Search Criteria: P=1e−5 
3) Map Function: Haldane
4) Cross Type: Line Cross
QTL Analysis:
Single marker analysis and composite interval mapping (CIM) were executed using QTL Cartographer 2.5. The standard CIM model and forward and backward regression method was used, and the LRS threshold for statistical significance was set to the default value of 11.5.
Results:
Genotyping:
A consensus call was calculated for each variety and then converted to the A (maternal), B (paternal), H (heterozygous) convention for QTL analysis. Three markers were removed from the analysis because the maternal call was heterozygous while Parent 2 and PI90763 were homozygous for opposite alleles. An additional marker was removed that failed genotyping.
Phenotyping:
The phenotypic distributions were evaluated using an average score across samples for each line. The population was evaluated as a whole and then broken down into a recombinant data set and a non-recombinant data set.
Mapping Analysis:
Linkage mapping was performed in Map Manager QTX.b20 using Advanced Backcross 2 for the Linkage Evaluation setting.
Single Marker Analysis:
Single marker analysis was performed using all 204 progeny, 107 recombinant progeny, and 97 non-recombinant progeny for both the raw cyst counts and SCN2 scores. Highly significant markers were observed at the p=0.0001 level using all progeny and recombinant progeny across both data sets The non-recombinant data set identified peak markers in a similar area, but showed less significance (p=0.001 level). All significant markers among the data sets have effects coming from PI90763.













TABLE 19







Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2





















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
7.605
7.672
0.00613
0.037


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
31.354
33.560
0.00000
0.143


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.481
43.133
0.00000
0.176


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
38.950
42.497
0.00000
0.174


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.800
43.517
0.00000
0.177


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
41.250
45.268
0.00000
0.183


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
27.427
29.068
0.00000
0.126


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
27.567
29.227
0.00000
0.126


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
14.907
15.314
0.00012
0.071


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
3.521
3.517
0.06218
0.017


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
3.441
3.436
0.06525
0.017


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
3.251
3.245
0.07313
0.016


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
0.298
0.295
0.58775
0.002





















TABLE 20





Marker
Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2




















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
8.533
8.628
0.00369
0.041


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
32.327
34.686
0.00000
0.147


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
40.357
44.188
0.00000
0.180


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.963
43.713
0.00000
0.178


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
40.689
44.589
0.00000
0.181


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
42.131
46.339
0.00000
0.187


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
28.012
29.732
0.00000
0.128


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
28.112
29.845
0.00000
0.129


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
14.376
14.749
0.00016
0.068


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
3.272
3.266
0.07222
0.016


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
3.161
3.154
0.07723
0.015


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
3.039
3.032
0.08318
0.015


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
0.263
0.260
0.61043
0.001





















TABLE 21





Marker
Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2




















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
7.644
7.776
0.00629
0.069


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
28.525
32.078
0.00000
0.234


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
38.096
44.905
0.00000
0.300


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
38.096
44.905
0.00000
0.300


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
37.891
44.618
0.00000
0.298


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
41.134
49.222
0.00000
0.319


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.658
27.212
0.00000
0.206


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
26.949
30.074
0.00000
0.223


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
1.731
1.713
0.19349
0.016


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
4.397
4.405
0.03823
0.040


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
4.271
4.276
0.04111
0.039


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
4.397
4.405
0.03823
0.040


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
11.558
11.977
0.00078
0.102





















TABLE 22





Marker
Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2




















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
8.402
8.577
0.00417
0.076


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
30.332
34.412
0.00000
0.247


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.829
47.352
0.00000
0.311


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.829
47.352
0.00000
0.311


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
39.480
46.856
0.00000
0.309


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
42.940
51.847
0.00000
0.331


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
24.825
27.419
0.00000
0.207


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
27.118
30.287
0.00000
0.224


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
1.411
1.394
0.24048
0.013


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
4.729
4.744
0.03163
0.043


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
4.647
4.660
0.03314
0.043


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
4.729
4.744
0.03163
0.043


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
11.842
12.288
0.00067
0.105





















TABLE 23





Marker
Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2




















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
1.159
1.142
0.28796
0.012


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
9.125
9.371
0.00287
0.090


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.664
12.138
0.00075
0.113


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.198
11.625
0.00096
0.109


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.961
12.467
0.00064
0.116


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.664
12.138
0.00075
0.113


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
8.358
8.549
0.00432
0.083


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
8.185
8.365
0.00474
0.081


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
9.935
10.246
0.00186
0.097


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
12.522
13.091
0.00048
0.121


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
12.230
12.766
0.00056
0.119


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.742
12.225
0.00072
0.114


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
10.448
10.804
0.00142
0.102





















TABLE 24





Marker
Chrom
LRS
F(1, n − 2)
pr(F)
R2




















S00479-1-A
D1b_(2)
1.412
1.393
0.24078
0.015


S00875-1-A
D1b_(2)
9.014
9.251
0.00304
0.089


S12875-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.479
11.935
0.00083
0.112


S12950-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.116
11.535
0.00100
0.108


S12947-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.826
12.318
0.00069
0.115


S12933-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.479
11.935
0.00083
0.112


S12853-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
8.593
8.800
0.00381
0.085


S03246-1-A
D1b_(2)
8.360
8.551
0.00432
0.083


S01519-1-A
D1b_(2)
10.234
10.571
0.00159
0.100


S12962-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
12.627
13.207
0.00045
0.122


S00144-1-A
D1b_(2)
12.289
12.831
0.00054
0.119


S08166-1-Q1
D1b_(2)
11.900
12.400
0.00066
0.116


S01081-1-A
D1b_(2)
10.442
10.797
0.00142
0.102









Example 4
The goal of this study was to confirm the QTLs reported in the paper TAG (2005) 111:965—another F4 population from a biparental cross with PI90763. This population has been previously phenotyped and an initial genotyping job assayed 119 markers from the 7 chromosomes (Lg-A2/B1/E/G/J/L/O) reported as significant in the above literature. Marker regression significant associations on Lg-L and B1 (p=0.001), and interval mapping also indicated Lg-L as significant. However, the chromosome positions of each QTL were inconsistent with the QTL positions reported in the literature. In combination with a subsequent genome-wide scan of the population (an additional 163 markers), a second mapping analysis confirmed the minor QTL on Lg-L and indicated a major QTL on Lg-D1b. The QTL on Lg-L was not consistent with the QTL reported in the literature, while the QTL on Lg-D1b was not reported in either paper. New phenotypic data was analyzed in this study using the previous genotypic calls. A minor QTL was identified on Lg-B2, explaining 8% of the phenotypic variation, and the QTL on Lg-D1b was confirmed from the prior analysis, explaining 40% of the variation. When the first and second sets of phenotypic scores were averaged, one major and six minor QTLs were identified. The major QTL mapped to Lg-D1b in the interval reported previously and explained 39% of the variation. Two minor QTLs were identified on Lg-B1, each explaining 7% of the phenotypic variation, and one minor QTL was identified on each of Lg-C2, E, F, and L, explaining 7%, 8%, 10%, and 9% of the variation, respectively. While QTLs were identified on Lg-B1, E, and L in the literature, the positions do not seem consistent with the current findings.
Materials and Methods:
Population:
An F4 population from a biparental cross with PI90763 PI90763 consisting of 276 progeny was used for the study, PI90763 was the resistant donor. The tissue was lyophilized and submitted for genotyping as JB1048. The tissue was then CTAB extracted to isolate DNA.
Genotyping:
Genotypic data from jobs J-D306 (119 markers) and J-G285 (163 markers) were employed in this analysis.
Phenotyping:
Phenotypic scores, ranged from a score of 1 (susceptible) to 9 (resistant). The new data set was analyzed both alone (Set2_AVE) and as an average with the original data set (Total_AVE).
Linkage Analysis:
Map Manager QTX.b20 was used to construct the linkage map and perform QTL analysis. The initial Map Manager Parameters were set to:
1) Linkage Evaluation: Intercross
2) Search Criteria: P=1e−5 
3) Map Function: Kosambi
4) Cross Type: Line Cross
Genetic Map:
Preliminary analysis showed that 24 markers from J-G285 were non-informative for QTL analysis due to the absence of a heterozygous class. These markers were removed and the data for the remaining 139 markers was combined with the data for 78 markers from J-D306. In all, 45 markers showed segregation distortion but were retained in the analysis. Allele calls for the 217 markers were then converted to the A (maternal), B (paternal), H (heterozygous) convention for QTL analysis. The 217 markers formed 48 linkage groups across the 20 chromosomes, with 19 markers remaining unlinked. Marker arrangement was checked to ensure the distorted markers linked as expected, and four markers were found to have rearrangements. These were removed from the analysis.
Marker Regression Analysis:
Marker regression was performed (p=0.001) across all 217 markers, indicating significant associations on Lg-B2, D1b, E, L, and I in the Set2_AVE data set, and Lg-B1, C2, D1b, E, and L in the Total_AVE data set.
A permutation test was run 1000 times using the free model, establishing the threshold for statistical significance (LOD ratio statistic—LRS) to determine putative QTL. LRS cutoffs were 11.0 for suggestive in Set2_AVE and total_AVE, 17.7 or 17.3 for significant in Set2_AVE and total_AVE, and 26.8 or 28.9 for highly significant in Set2_AVE and total_AVE. Interval mapping was performed using the bootstrap test, free regression model, and the LRS cutoffs determined by the permutation test.
Set2_AVE: Major QTL on Lg-D1b, Minor QTL on Lg-B2
A major QTL was indicated near the bottom of Lg-D1b with a 1-LOD support interval of 3 cM between markers S01519-1-A and S02621-1-A and an LRS of 131.6, explaining 40% of the phenotypic variation. A minor QTL was also indicated near the top of Lg-B2 at marker S02874-1-A with a 1-LOD support interval of 3 cM between markers. The LRS was 21.1 and the QTL explained 8% of the phenotypic variation.
Total_AVE: Major QTL on Lg-D1b, Six Minor QTL on Lg-B1, C2, E, and L
A major QTL was indicated near the bottom of Lg-D1b with a 1-LOD support interval of 3 cM between markers S01519-1-A and S02621-1-A and an LRS of 131.1, explaining 39% of the phenotypic variation.
Two minor QTLs were identified about 28 cM apart in the top half of Lg-B1, each explaining 7% of the phenotypic variation. The first has a 1-LOD support interval of 9 cM and LRS of 19.9. The second minor QTL has a 1-LOD support interval of 5 cM between markers S01209-1-A and S01999-1-A and an LRS of 18.7.
A minor QTL was indicated near the bottom of Lg-C2 at marker S02112-1-A, This QTL had an LRS of 17.3, explaining 7% of the variation.
A minor QTL was identified near the bottom of Lg-E, highly associated with marker S02183-1-A and flanked to the north by S00350-1-A. No markers were linked to the south. The QTL had an LRS of 20.2, explaining 8% of the phenotypic variation.
A minor QTL was found at the top of Lg-L at marker S02074-1-A and flanked to the south by S03991-1-A. No markers were linked to the north. The QTL had an LRS of 20.7 and explained 9% of the phenotypic variation.
All publications and patent applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method of selecting a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays resistance to soybean cyst nematode compared to a susceptible plant, the method comprising detecting in the genome of said first soybean plant or in the genome of said first soybean germplasm at least one marker locus that is associated with the resistance, wherein
the at least one marker locus is between about marker Sat_123 and about marker Satt453 on linkage group B1,
wherein the at least one marker locus comprises S06787-1,
wherein the detecting comprises amplifying the at least one marker locus and detecting the resulting amplified marker amplicon,
thereby selecting a first soybean plant or a first soybean germplasm that displays resistance to soybean cyst nematode compared to a susceptible plant.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two marker loci are detected.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least two marker loci comprise a haplotype that is associated with said resistance.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least two marker loci comprise a marker profile that is associated with said resistance.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the germplasm is a soybean variety.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises selecting the first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm or a progeny thereof having the at least one marker locus.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising crossing the selected first soybean plant or first soybean germplasm with a second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second soybean plant or second soybean germplasm comprises an exotic soybean strain or an elite soybean strain.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplifying comprises: (a) admixing an amplification primer or amplification primer pair for each marker locus being amplified with a nucleic acid isolated from the first soybean plant or the first soybean germplasm, wherein the primer or primer pair is complementary or partially complementary to the genomic locus comprising the marker locus, and is capable of initiating DNA polymerization by a DNA polymerase using the soybean nucleic acid as a template; and b) extending the primer or primer pair in a DNA polymerization reaction comprising a DNA polymerase and a template nucleic acid to generate at least one amplicon.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said method comprises:
amplifying a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NO: 149.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises:
a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NO: 149.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said primer or primer pair comprises:
a nucleic acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NOs: 50 or 51.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said primer pair comprises:
SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO:51.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises providing one or more labeled nucleic acid probes suitable for detection of each marker locus being amplified.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said labeled nucleic acid probe comprises:
a nucleic acid sequence comprising a polynucleotide comprising SEQ ID NO: 149.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting comprises DNA sequencing of at least one of said marker loci.