# Patent

## Title
Bulk textured material sheeting

## Abstract

A process is provided for making bulk textured material sheeting. As a continuous supply of flat material sheeting is fed, the sheeting is repeatedly impacted with toothed knives, each knife creating a row of raised and generally pointed structures on the sheeting to texture the sheeting.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a U.S. continuation application under 35 U.S.C. §111(a) claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. §§120 and 365(c) to International Application No. PCT/CA2013/000500, filed May 23, 2013, which claims the priority benefit of Canadian Patent Application No. 2,778,455, filed May 29, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety for all intended purposes.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to material surface texturing, and more specifically relates to processes for making bulk textured material sheeting.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Laminates are popular in various applications (e.g. building materials, panels for automotive applications, large scale industrial parts). In making laminated materials, it is common to use adhesive to join the lamina. However, adhesives have many known deficiencies. They are expensive, messy and emit noxious fumes. Many typical adhesives used for laminating heterogeneous materials are also prone to failure or shattering/cracking under various stresses (temperature, bending, cutting). Further, adhesives are undesirable from an environmental point of view as they foul the underlying materials and prevent recycling or reclamation of the lamina. It would be desirable to avoid the use of adhesive without compromising the strength of the laminate.
Mechanical attachment in individual parts (e.g. brake backing plate to friction material) has become known and highly successful, but the process is used on relatively thick steel in heavy individual plates, not on a continuous larger scale material that could be used for making adhesive-less laminated materials, including laminates of thinner materials.
Further, at present, individual parts are limited in terms of the size and shape variations that are possible. In order to provide mechanical attachment on individual parts, the blanks are typically fed from a magazine in which they all must be of a uniform size and outline. This is not convenient for larger scale applications, or one-off sizes, or custom lengths, which may be desirable for use in building materials, in particular.
It would be desirable to have a continuous process for preparing a textured (mechanical-attachment-ready) surface on bulk material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A process is provided for making bulk textured material sheeting. As a continuous supply of flat material sheeting is fed, the sheeting is repeatedly impacted with toothed knives, each knife creating a row of raised and generally pointed structures on the sheeting to texture the sheeting. Preferably, the knives are actuated generally downward and across the sheeting to gouge the pointed structures out of the sheeting. The pointed structures may have a tilted or hooked shape. The hook, in one embodiment, is curled or twisted from the axis of its row. The hook shape is determined by the shape of the teeth on the knives, and the knives' path of travel. Preferably, no further (secondary) operation is needed to produce the hooked shape.
Preferably, the knives are arranged such that the knives are capable of forming a continuous row of pointed structures substantially spanning the width of the sheeting. Preferably, a single knife is capable of forming a continuous row of pointed structures substantially spanning the width of the sheeting. Preferably, the knives are arranged in one or more packs to form several rows of pointed structures in a single impact or stroke.
The process may include detecting an end of the supply and stopping the impact operation.
Preferably, the rows are formed substantially without gaps along the entire length of the sheet. Various patterns, arrangements, densities and dimensions of projections are possible. In one embodiment, each pointed structure has a finished height of less than 0.0100′′. The pointed structure dimensions may be based on a tiered scale of hook grades for different applications, such as:

    
    
        Super—max. hook height 0.070′′
        Regular—max. hook height 0.060′′
        Mini—max. hook height 0.045′′
        Micro—max. hook height 0.030′′
    
    


Preferably, in this embodiment, each pointed structure has a finished thickness at its base of less than 0.050′′, and more preferably, less than 0.040′′. Preferably, in this embodiment, each pointed structure has a finished height between about 150% to about 300% of the thickness of the sheeting (and not higher than the maximum height of each type of hook as appropriate). Preferably, in this embodiment, the density of pointed structures on the sheeting is between approximately 30-200 pointed structures per square inch, or more preferably, approximately 40 hooks per square inch for Super and Regular; 80 hooks per square inch for Mini; 190 hooks per square inch for Micro. Nonetheless, a great variety of dimensions and geometries of hooks are possible. Further, the hooks need not be provided in precisely matching rows over the entire material, but may be formed in zones or patterns to suit a particular application.
A two-sided process is also possible, in which the impact of the knives causes pointed structures to be formed on both sides of the sheeting.
Various post-texturing steps are possible. The textured sheeting may be simply taken up in a coil after the impacting step. The textured sheeting may be cut into lengths or strips after the impacting step. The textured sheeting may be fed directly to a joining station for joining the textured sheeting to another material. Other forming and shaping options exist. For instance, the textured sheeting may be roll-formed or bent to make tubes (round or otherwise), or channels, corners or other shapes.
Various end-products are possible from the textured sheeting material: coiled material, textured material pieces, joined material composite/laminate, shaped, rolled or bent material sheeting pieces or lengths.
The mechanical attachment allows heterogeneous materials to be joined in a laminate thereby combining and enhancing the properties of each material (e.g. adding strength or stiffness from a thin metal backing to a plastic, rubbery, or brittle top layer). This can also be used to make very strong, lightweight materials, as the individual components can be very thin, but the overall assembled structure has considerable strength due to the locking power of the embedded hooks that prevents the material from easily flexing or bending. This can also reduce the need for expensive or exotic materials as the properties of two or more possibly lower-grade (or recycled) materials can be easily combined to have more desirable characteristics. The laminated material itself can also be formed and stamped, preferably by first heating to at least partially soften any non-metallic lamina.
Textured bulk material may have other uses besides making laminated end products. The material may be used on its own as a cut-to-length construction material where the textured surface provides an anti-skid or attachment-ready surface (e.g. to receive a bulk second layer at the point of installation). Hooks on the surface provide a useful surface texture to receive and grab materials (e.g. fibrous materials where the hooks both embed and trap fibres thereof).
Thin straps of the material may also be used like a tape for bundling or securing loose or weak materials (the hooks are readily embedded by pressing the strap into and around the bundle or material to “stick” it together and secure it).



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a single-sided texturing process.
FIG. 2 shows a double-sided texturing process.
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a sample apparatus used to provide single-sided texturing.
FIG. 4 shows a finished roll of bulk single-sided textured material sheeting.
FIG. 5 shows a close-up of the texture of FIG. 3.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A process is provided for making bulk textured material sheeting. As a continuous supply of flat material sheeting is fed, the sheeting is repeatedly impacted with toothed knives, each knife creating a row of raised and generally pointed (nail-like) structures on the sheeting to texture the sheeting.
The process is shown in summary form in FIG. 1. A feed mechanism draws the material 2 from a self-wound coil 1 (or supply reel). The material is fed into an apparatus 3 for texturing. The apparatus uses knives (not shown) to impact the material and raise pointed structures on its surface. The material emerges from the apparatus now bearing pointed structures. This textured material 4 is then guided into a coil 5 (or onto a take-up reel).
As shown in FIG. 2, the material 2 may also be textured on both sides. A feed mechanism draws the material 2 from the self-wound coil 1 (or supply reel). The material is fed into a modified apparatus 3′ that includes opposed impacting sections (knives disposed on both sides of the material—not shown). The material emerges from the apparatus now bearing pointed structures on both sides. This textured material 4′ is then guided into a coil 5′ (or onto a take-up reel).
Alternatively, a roll of single-sided textured material 4 may be run through the apparatus a second time to texture the opposing face using appropriate support to protect the first face's pointed structures.
As shown in FIG. 5, the pointed structures may be in the form of hooks. Each hook is integrally formed from the material itself that is gouged or scraped up from the surface of the material by the impacting knives. The hooks are not punched through from the opposing side, so the underlying material is not punctured or perforated, but retains the integrity of its continuous body. Detail of the pointed structures (here, hooks) is shown in FIG. 4. The apparatus and tooling can be modified to form various shapes, dimensions and densities of hooks, depending on the material requirements and tolerances.
The knives of the apparatus are preferably in a pack with opposing knives being positioned offset from each other (i.e. an “A” set of knives and a “B” set of knives interleaved with each other in a pack, with the “A” set extended out to one side and the “B” set extended out to the other side). Side impacts from the apparatus force the “A” and “B” sets toward each other, so that the teeth of the knives gouge or scrape up hooks from the surface of the material.
Various types of apparatus may be used to drive the knives and form the hooks. One useful embodiment uses a press to actuate the toothed knives generally into and across the surface of the material sheeting. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 3 includes an upper die plate 13 (this may be mounted in a press, or be part of a free standing assembly actuated by an independent press—as in CA 2,760,923, filed on Dec. 6, 2011, publication forthcoming). Transverse slide rods 16 are suspended from the apparatus and slide within slots in the knives 10. Return springs (not shown) are connected to the slide rods to bias the slide rods toward each other. A pressure plate 19 is disposed above the knives. Two block housings 21 are mounted transversely on the upper die plate adjacent to the edges of the knives. A drive block 22 is mounted on each block housing by slide bolt 23, which is disposed substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the knives. A slide block 24 is slidably mounted in each housing adjacent to the drive block.
In operation, a press (not shown) drives upper die plate 13 of the apparatus 3 onto the material that has been fed into a material strike zone below knives 10. The force of the press causes the slide block 24 to impact the bottom surface of the press (not shown) before the knives 10 impact the surface of the material. The impact against the bottom surface of the material drives the slide block up relative to the drive block 22, causing the angled surface of 24 to exert a force on the drive block in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the knives. This force causes each drive block to move separate individual knives in the pack in opposing directions along their respective longitudinal axes. Because only alternate knives contact each drive block before impact, adjacent knives are pushed in opposite directions by each drive block. Preferably, the knives are moving before contact with the material surface.
The teeth 11 of the knives are pushed down into the material, and the knives also slide along slide rods 16 parallel to their longitudinal axes. These simultaneous downward and sliding movements cause each tooth 11 of a knife to form one pointed structure (hook).
After the press lifts, the slide block 24 is returned to its starting position by compress springs 20, and the knives 10 and drive block 22 are returned to their starting positions by other springs (not shown). The knives are withdrawn from the material, which is then advanced by the feed mechanism (in a progression) to form another textured section.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show a possible embodiment of the textured material sheeting in finished form. As shown, the material may be coiled onto itself (or on a take-up reel) and sold as a bulk (mechanical-attachment-ready) material.
The finished material can be cut into specific products or combined with one or more heterogeneous materials in a double- or multi-ply laminate.
Material may also be directed to other downstream operations (e.g. stamping into shaped parts/strips/pieces, joining with one or more heterogeneous materials in a laminate, or other forming. The bulk material in one embodiment may be roll-formed or bent to take on a three-dimensional shape (e.g. cylindrical or other shaped tube).
Various ductile materials can be used with this process. Although metal sheeting is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the process has also be found to work on various harder plastics (Shore hardness of approximately D55 and up) and other materials in a range of widths and thicknesses. The sheeting can also be cooled or heated prior to impacting in order to make it more ductile or otherwise amenable to the texturing operation. For example, soft and rubbery materials (including those below the suggested Shore hardness of D55) may be cooled or frozen to apply this process.
Further, although the material may be selected to retain and hold an upstanding pointed structure as taught and shown, there may also be advantages in processing material according to this method where the hooks do not stay raised, but collapse on themselves. The process may be advantageous simply for roughening or providing a disturbed surface on a material.
The foregoing description illustrates only certain preferred embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to the foregoing examples. That is, persons skilled in the art will appreciate and understand that modifications and variations are, or will be, possible to utilize and carry out the teachings of the invention described herein. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest purposive construction consistent with the description as a whole.

## Claims

1. A process for making double-sided bulk textured material sheeting, comprising:
feeding a continuous supply of flat material sheeting to a texturing apparatus, the sheeting having first and second opposed sides; and
repeatedly impacting the first side of the sheeting and the second side of the sheeting with toothed knives, each impact of each knife creating a row of raised and generally pointed structures on the sheeting, to texture both the first side and the second side of the sheeting, wherein the impacting step comprises actuating a first one of the knives generally downward and across the sheeting in a first widthwise direction, and simultaneously actuating a second one of the knives generally downward and across the sheeting in a second widthwise direction opposite the first widthwise direction.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the knives are actuated generally downward and across the sheeting to gouge the pointed structures out of the sheeting.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein the pointed structures have a tilted or hooked shape.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the row created by at least one of the knives is continuous and substantially spans a width of the sheeting.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein each of the rows is continuous and substantially spans a width of the sheeting.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the knives are arranged in one or more packs, and the impacting step comprises impacting the sheeting with at least one pack to form several rows of pointed structures in a single impact or stroke.

7. The process of claim 1, further comprising detecting an end of the supply and stopping the impact operation.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the rows are formed substantially without gaps therebetween along an entire length of the sheet.

9. The process of claim 1, wherein each pointed structure has a finished height of less than 0.100′′.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein each pointed structure has a finished thickness at its base of less than 0.050′′.

11. The process of claim 1, wherein each pointed structure has a finished height between about 150% to about 300% of a thickness of the sheeting.

12. The process of claim 1, wherein a density of the pointed structures on the sheeting is between approximately 30-200 structures per square inch.

13. The process of claim 1, further comprising taking up the textured sheeting in a coil after the impacting step.

14. The process of claim 1, further comprising cutting the textured sheeting into lengths or strips after the impacting step.

15. The process of claim 1, further comprising feeding the textured sheeting to a joining station for joining the textured sheeting to another material.

16. The process of claim 1, further comprising shaping, rolling or bending the textured sheeting.

17. The process of claim 1, wherein the feeding step comprises feeding the sheeting from a coil to the texturing apparatus comprising the toothed knives.

18. The process of claim 1, wherein the impacting step comprises impacting the first side of the sheeting with a first set of the toothed knives, the first set of the toothed knives comprising the first one of the knives and the second one of the knives, and impacting the second side of the sheeting with a second set of the toothed knives, the second set of the toothed knives comprising a third one of the knives and a fourth one of the knives.

19. The process of claim 1, wherein the impacting step comprises impacting the first side of the sheeting with a first set of the toothed knives, the first set of the toothed knives comprising the first one of the knives and the second one of the knives, and subsequently impacting the second side of the sheeting with the first set of the toothed knives.

20. The process of claim 1, wherein in the impacting step, the sheeting is not perforated.

21. The process of claim 1, wherein the first one of the knives is part of a first set of knives, and the second one of the knives is part of a second set of the knives, and the impacting step comprises actuating the first set of the knives generally downward and across the sheeting in the first widthwise direction, and simultaneously actuating the second set of the knives generally downward and across the sheeting in the second widthwise direction.