Filed 10/21/13 In re Willie W. CA2/6

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION SIX

In re WILLIE W., a Person Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

2d Juv. No. B245545

(Super. Ct. No. J069062)

(Ventura County)

VENTURA COUNTY HUMAN 

SERVICES AGENCY,

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

K.S.,

 Defendant and Appellant.

Eight year old Willie W. suffers from acute asthma. His mother, K.S., 

loves her son but has not accepted the evidence of his illness and provided him with care 

necessary to protect him from its effects. The law recognizes, as it must, that parents 

have a fundamental right to the make decisions concerning the care, custody and control 

of their minor children free from the unjustified intervention of government. (Santosky v. 

Kramer (1982) 455 U.S. 745, 753; In re Keisha E. (1993) 6 Cal.4th 68, 76.) At the same 

time, the state has the duty and the right to protect children who are at substantial risk of 

injury and to provide them with safe and stable homes. (In re Josiah Z. (2005) 36 Cal.4th 

Cal.App.4th 664, 673.) "These proceedings are 'designed not to prosecute a parent, but to 
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protect the child.'" (Ibid., citing In re Malinda S. (1990) 51 Cal.3d 368, 384.) Here the 

parental right must yield to the duty of the state to secure the best interests of the child. 

K.S. appeals from the juvenile court's orders declaring her son, Willie W., a 

dependent child and removing him from her custody. We affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In 2012, 8-year-old Willie lived with mother, his 6-year-old sister, 11-yearold brother and their 15-year-old half-brother. 

On September 5, 2012, Willie had a severe asthma attack at school. Unable 

to reach mother, school officials called an ambulance. Paramedics took Willie to Simi 

Valley Hospital. Dr. Alan Kuben saw Willie in the emergency room on September 5, 

diagnosed him with "acute asthmatic bronchitis," and prescribed medication for him. On 

September 5, school officials told mother that Willie needed a rescue inhaler at school. 

On September 11, 2012, Willie returned to school. Mother had not 

provided the school with a rescue inhaler or a medication authorization. Willie was 

wheezing and complaining of tightness in his chest. That morning, a Ventura County 

Human Services Agency (HSA) social worker and a public health nurse (PH nurse) 

visited mother at home. They told her to take Willie and his sister to their primary care 

doctor, Khristian Mueller, at Moorpark Family Care Center (Moorpark Care) as soon as 

possible to get their medication for home and school. The PH nurse scheduled 

September 12, 2012 appointments for them and mother agreed to take them to those 

appointments. She failed to do so. On September 13, mother told the social worker she 

had an urgent appointment on September 12th regarding an electricity shut-off notice. 

The social worker told her to take Willie and his sister to Sierra Vista Family Medical 

Clinic's Urgent Care (urgent care) that day (September 13). Dr. Hook examined Willie at 

urgent care on September 13, prescribed medication for asthma and completed a form 

medication authorization for the school. Dr. Hook advised mother to follow up with 

Willie's primary doctor in a week. Mother failed to do so. On September 19, 2012, the 

PH nurse went to mother's home. She heard voices inside and knocked on the door. 

Nobody answered. 
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On September 21, 2012, Willie had an asthma attack at school. Unable to

reach mother, the school called for paramedics, who arrived just before mother. Mother 

spoke with the paramedics and they left without Willie. The school told mother to take 

Willie to his Moorpark Care primary care doctor that day. She set a September 24 

appointment for him at Moorpark Care, but did not keep it. 

On September 26, 2012, mother brought Willie's medication to school. Dr. 

Kuben had prescribed the medication on September 5, but the prescriptions were not 

filled until September 13, 2012. One prescription, an antibiotic, remained nearly full. In 

a letter dated September 26, 2012, Dr. Mueller expressed concern about the failure of 

Willie's parents to "bring him to several follow up appointments [in April, May, and 

September, 2012] to discuss his asthma." Dr. Mueller was "quite concerned about this 

uncontrolled asthmatic child," and explained that "[a]sthma can be a life threatening 

condition, and regular follow-up visits are paramount to providing optimum asthma 

control." Other doctors who diagnosed Willie with asthma include Dr. Alfred Yu, who 

saw him on January 25, 2012; Dr. Kuben, who saw him on February 20, 2011 and 

September 5, 2012; and Dr. Hook, who saw him on September 13, 2012.

On September 26, 2012, HSA took Willie into protective custody and 

placed him in foster care. On September 28, 2012, HSA filed a petition alleging that 

mother failed to protect Willie and father failed to support him. (Welf. & Inst. Code, 

§ 300, subds. (b) & (g).)1 The petition alleged that mother's failure to provide adequate 

medical treatment for Willie's severe asthma placed him at substantial risk of suffering 

serious physical harm.2 The petition also alleged that mother's failure to take Willie to 

medical appointments to get necessary prescriptions had resulted in his having severe 

asthma attacks at school that required paramedic assistance. 

 

1 All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise 

stated. 

2 HSA filed separate section 300 petitions for Willie's siblings. This appeal 

concerns only Willie's petition. 
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While in foster care, Willie received regular medical treatment, including 

medication which addressed his breathing problems. As a result, Willie slept well, and 

was able to run and participate in more school activities. 

Mother represented herself at the contested jurisdictional and dispositional 

hearing on November 29, 2012. HSA presented its jurisdictional and dispositional report, 

the detention report, and a November 29, 2012 report, with copies of medical records and 

other documents. 

Mother testified that she did not neglect Willie's medical conditions, but 

obtained care for him as needed, with doctors, including emergency room doctors. She 

also testified that Willie does not have asthma, and that the result was negative when Dr. 

Mueller tested Willie for asthma in August 2010. Mother further testified the "school 

nurse has made [school personnel] paranoid" about Willie's health. She said that on 

September 21, 2012, when the school "reported that [Willie] was having difficulty 

speaking [and] couldn't breathe," four minutes later he was "receiving 100 percent 

oxygen [and] speaking fine." Mother testified about various reasons she could not take 

Willie to follow-up appointments. She claimed it was "not possible" to get a two-week or 

one-week follow-up appointment, because it takes "three weeks . . . before you can be 

seen." However, she never tried telling the doctor's office he needed an earlier follow-up 

appointment after a hospital visit. 

The juvenile court sustained the petition and found that Willie was at risk 

of suffering serious physical harm or illness because of mother's failure or inability to 

protect him adequately and the provide adequate medical treatment. It declared that 

Willie was a dependent child, ordered his removal from mother's custody, and ordered 

reunification services and supervised visitation for mother. The court also sustained the 

allegation that father failed to support Willie. 

DISCUSSION

Substantial Evidence Supports the Jurisdictional Orders

Mother first contends the evidence was insufficient to support the 

jurisdictional findings that the allegations of the petition were true. We disagree.
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"On appeal from an order making jurisdictional findings, we must uphold 

the court's findings unless, after reviewing the entire record and resolving all conflicts in 

favor of the respondent and drawing all reasonable inferences in support of the judgment, 

we determine there is no substantial evidence to support the findings. [Citation.]" (In re 

Veronica G. (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 179, 185.) A trial court's determination will not be 

disturbed unless it exceeds the bounds of reason. (In re Ricardo L. (2003) 109 

Cal.App.4th 552, 564.) 

 In challenging the juvenile court's finding that Willie was at substantial risk 

of substantial risk of suffering serious physical harm, mother relies primarily on evidence 

that she presented below. For example, she claims that Willie's "breathing difficulties 

were not severe." The court reasonably relied on the contrary evidence which supports 

its finding. Numerous doctors diagnosed Willie with asthma, a condition that can be life 

threatening. Mother did not fill a prescription an emergency room doctor provided on 

September 5 for Willie until September 13, and she failed to take Willie for maintenance 

and follow-up appointments recommended by doctors. Without asthma medication, 

Willie had difficulty breathing, did not sleep well, and had severe attacks at school. 

While in foster care, Willie received prescribed medication, slept well, breathed better, 

and ceased having asthma attacks at school. Substantial evidence supports the court's 

finding that mother failed to provide adequate medical treatment for Willie and that he 

was at substantial risk of physical harm. 

We also reject mother's claim that there is not sufficient evidence to support 

the finding that father failed to support Willie. The undisputed evidence showed that his 

whereabouts were unknown. 

Substantial Evidence Supports the Dispositional Order

Mother further claims there is not sufficient evidence to support the 

juvenile court's dispositional order removing Willie from her custody. We disagree.

Removal of the child from a parent's physical custody requires a finding by 

clear and convincing evidence that "[t]here is or would be a substantial danger to the 

physical health, safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the minor if the 
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minor were returned home, and there are no reasonable means by which the minor's 

physical health can be protected without removing the minor from the minor's parent's or 

guardian's physical custody." (§ 361, subd. (c)(1); California Rules of Court, rule 

5.695(d).) On appeal we determine only whether the record contains substantial evidence 

to support the court's findings. Whether the standard for the court is a preponderance of 

the evidence or clear and convincing evidence, the standard on appeal is the same. That 

is, on appeal, "the clear and convincing test disappears . . . [and] the usual rule of 

conflicting evidence is applied, giving full effect to the respondent's evidence, however 

slight . . . ." (Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 872, 881; see also In re 

Walter E. (1992) 13 Cal.App.4th 125, 139-140.) 

There is substantial evidence that mother put Willie's health at risk by 

failing to obtain and administer the proper medication for his asthma. Instead of 

addressing her failure to provide Willie with adequate medical care, mother persistently 

argued that Willie had some condition other than asthma. The juvenile court explained 

its concern to mother as follows: "If a child can't breathe, I don't care what we're calling 

it . . . and the hospital says we are releasing him but he's got to see his primary care 

physician and you don't do it, that's negligent no matter what you believe he has." 

Mother also claimed she could not take Willie to follow up appointments because it was 

not possible to get an appointment. The court advised her, "If you really don't believe 

that you can get a doctor's appointment, call. Show us proof that you tried . . . if you can't 

get a doctor's appointment . . . , you call the social worker [and ask], . . . 'What can I do?' 

But you didn't do any of those things." Mother responded, "Never crossed my mind." 

The fact that mother did not acknowledge her lapses in protecting Willie's vulnerable 

physical condition supports the court's finding that he faced a substantial danger to his 

physical health if the court did not remove him from her custody. 

Mother also claims that the juvenile court's order removing Willie from her 

custody is not supported by substantial evidence "because there were less drastic means 

to ensure Willie's physical safety and well being without removal." The record belies her 

claim. Before HSA removed Willie from mother’s care, it made several attempts to use 
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less drastic means to ensure his well being. Mother thwarted those attempts by failing to 

cooperate with HSA. It made unannounced home visits, set up medical appointments for 

Willie, and monitored the family’s compliance. For example, during a September 11, 

2012 home visit, mother agreed to take Willie to a September 12th appointment that the 

PH nurse scheduled for him. Mother failed to do so. The court reasonably concluded 

that it could not ensure Willie's physical safety without removing him from mother's 

custody.

DISPOSITION

The order declaring Willie a dependent of the court and removing him from 

mother's custody is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.

PERREN, J.

We concur:

GILBERT, P.J.

YEGAN, J.
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Ellen Gay Conroy, Judge

Superior Court County of Ventura

______________________________

Karen B. Stalter, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant 

and Appellant. 

Leroy Smith, County Counsel, and Joseph J. Randazzo, Assistant County 

Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.