* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that

this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except

under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.

United States Court of Appeals

Fifth Circuit

FILED

December 16, 2004

Charles R. Fulbruge III

Clerk

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

 

No. 04-30198

Conference Calendar

 

LEROY BANKS, III,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

TOYS “R” US - DELAWARE, INC., JAMES BUTLER, Manager; WILLIAM

BRYANT; LISA FERRIE, Adjuster; NEW ORLEANS POLICE DEPARTMENT;

UNIDENTIFIED PARTY; QUINDELL BALDWIN, Officer,

Defendants-Appellees.

--------------------

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Eastern District of Louisiana

USDC No. 02-CV-1427-K

--------------------

Before KING, Chief Judge, and DeMOSS and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges. 

PER CURIAM:*

Leroy Banks, III, filed a complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 

§ 1983 claiming violations of his constitutional rights, as well

as violations of state law, related to his arrest in a Toys “R”

Us store in New Orleans. The magistrate judge issued a judgment

for the defendants following a bench trial, and Banks appeals. 
No. 04-30198

-2-

Banks argues that the magistrate judge erred in dismissing

his constitutional claims against the private party defendants. 

He contends that these defendants should be held liable under

42 U.S.C. § 1983 because they conspired with Officer Baldwin to

violate his constitutional rights. 

A private party may be held liable under § 1983 if he or she

is a willful participant in a joint activity with the state or

its agents. Cinel v. Connick, 15 F.3d 1338, 1343 (5th Cir.

1994). Because Banks has failed to point to any evidence of

record that would undermine the magistrate judge’s determination

that the private party defendants were not willful participants

in a joint activity with Officer Baldwin, he has failed to show

error. See id.; Canal Barge Co., Inc. v. Torco Oil Co., 220 F.3d

370, 375 (5th Cir. 2000). 

Banks contends that he has been denied “procedural due

process of the law and equal immunities of the law.” However,

Banks fails to specify what acts or omissions of the district

court or magistrate judge violated his constitutional rights. He

has therefore failed to brief the issue adequately. See Al-Ra’id

v. Ingle, 69 F.3d 28, 31 (5th Cir. 1995).

Banks takes issue with the magistrate judge’s grant of

qualified immunity to Officer Baldwin. He also contends that the

magistrate judge erred in denying his motion for a default

judgment against William Bryant. 
No. 04-30198

-3-

An appellant’s brief must contain an argument with his

“contentions and reasons for them with citations to the

authorities and parts of the record on which the appellant

relies.” FED. R. APP. P. 28(a)(9); see Yohey v. Collins,

985 F.2d 222, 225 (5th Cir. 1993). General arguments giving only

broad standards of review and not citing to specific errors are

insufficient to preserve issues for appeal. Brinkmann v. Dallas

County Deputy Sheriff Abner, 813 F.2d 744, 748 (5th Cir. 1987).

Because Banks fails to identify any factual or legal error in the

magistrate judge’s grant of qualified immunity to Officer

Baldwin, or in the magistrate judge’s denial of his motion for a

default judgment as to Bryant, he has failed to brief these

issues for appeal adequately. See Rule 28(a)(9); Brinkmann,

813 F.2d at 748. Although this court applies less stringent

standards to parties proceeding pro se than to parties

represented by counsel and liberally construes briefs of pro se

litigants, pro se parties must still brief the issues and

reasonably comply with the requirements of Rule 28. See Grant v.

Cuellar, 59 F.3d 523, 524 (5th Cir. 1995). 

The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. All

outstanding motions are DENIED.