I N T H E C O U R T O F C R I M I N A L A P P E A L S

O F T E X A S

N O

. P D

- 0 5 4 3

- 1 4

B I L L Y W A Y N E S P E I G H T S

, A p p e l l a n t

v

.

T H E S T A T E O F T E X A S

O N S T A T E ’ S P E T I T I O N F O R D I S C R E T I O N A R Y R E V I E W

F R O M T H E S I X T H C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

B O W I E C O U N T Y

Y E A R Y

, J

. , d e l i v e r e d t h e o p i n i o n f o r a u n a n i m o u s C o u r t

.

O P I N I O N

A p p e l l a n t w a s c o n v i c t e d o f t w o c o u n t s o f i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d

— o n e c o u n t o f

i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t a n d o n e c o u n t o f i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e

. O n a p p e a l h e c o n t e n d e d t h a t

h i s c o n v i c t i o n f

o r i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e i m p r o p e r l y s u b j e c t e d h i m t o d o u b l e

j e o p a r d y

. S

p e i g h t s v

. S t a t e

, N o

. 0 6

- 1 2

- 0 0 1 3 7

- C R

, 2 0 1 4 W L 1 2 4 6 0 7 4

, a t * 7 ( T e x

.

A p p

. — T e x a r k a n a M a r

. 2 6

, 2 0 1 4 ) ( n o t d e s i g n a t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n )

. T h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l sSpeights — 2

a g r e e d a n d s e e m e d t o h o l d

— c a t e g o r i c a l l y

— t h a t t h e o f f e n s e o f i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e

“ w o u l d n e c e s s a r i l y b e s u b s u m e d ” w i t h i n t h e o f f e n s e o f i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t

. I d

. a t * 9

- 1 0

.

W e g r a n t e d t h e S t a t e P r o s e c u t i n g A t t o r n e y ’ s ( S P A ) p e t i t i o n f o r d i s c r e t i o n a r y r e v i e w t o

d e c i d e w h e t h e r

, f

o r p u r p o s e s o f t h e D o u b l e J e o p a r d y C l a u s e

, i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e i s

“ n e c e s s a r i l y s u b s u m e d ” w i t h i n i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t w h e n

, d u r i n g t h e s a m e i n c i d e n t

, t h e

d e f e n d a n t f i r s t e x p o s e s h i m s e l f a n d m a s t u r b a t e s i n f r o n t o f t h e c h i l d v i c t i m a n d t h e n c a u s e s

t h e c h i l d v i c t i m t o t o u c h h i s p e n i s

. W e n o w r e v e r s e t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s ’ s j u d g m e n t

. 1

B A C K G R O U N D

A p p e l l a n t w a s c h a r g e d b y a n i n d i c t m e n t w i t h t h r e e o f f e n s e s : 1 ) a g g r a v a t e d s e x u a l

a s s a u l t o f a c h i l d ; 2 ) i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y s e x u a l c o n t a c t a n d ; 3 ) i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d 2

b y e x p o s u r e

, a l l p e r p e t r a t e d a g a i n s t S

. O

. , a c h i l d y o u n g e r t h a n s e v e n t e e n

. W i t h r e s p e c t t o 3

The SPA’s petition prese nts two issues: (1) “I s the sub s umption theory of Patterson v. 1

State [, 152 S .W.3d 88 (Tex. C rim. App. 2004)] still valid in light of this Court’s more rec ent ca se

law? ,” and (2) “I f Patterson is still valid, is indece ncy by exposure incident t o an d s u bsumed by

indece ncy by contac t when the defe ndant m asturbate s in front of t he victim and causes the victim

to touch the def

endant’ s penis? ”

Appellant was also convicted of the ag g rava ted sexual assault ag ainst the same ch i l d 2

victim, and the jury

assessed a

six ty y ear sentenc e for that offe nse. But, acc ording to the evidence

at trial, this offe nse occur red on a differ ent date than the two instances of i n dece ncy with a child.

Appellant does not complain about the ag g rava ted sexual as s au lt conviction in this petition for

discretionar

y revie w.

As of t he ti me Appellant committed these offenses, in 2007, T E X

. P E N A L C O D E § 2 1

. 1 1 3

rea d:

(a) A person c ommits an off ense if, w ith a child y oung er than 17 y ear s

and not the person’ s spouse, whether the child is of the same orSpeights — 3

t h e c h a r g e o f i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t

, A p p e l l a n t w a s a l l e g e d t o h a v e e n g a g e d i n s e x u a l c o n t a c t

w i t h S

. O

. b y c a u s i n g S

. O

. t o t o u c h A p p e l l a n t ’ s g e n i t a l s

. A s f o r t h e i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e

,

A p p e l l a n t w a s c h a r g e d w i t h e x p o s i n g h i s g e n i t a l s k n o w i n g t h a t S

. O

. w a s p r e s e n t

. A l t h o u g h

t h e i n d i c t m e n t a l l e g e d t h a t t h e s e t w o i n d e c e n c y o f f e n s e s o c c u r r e d “ o n o r a b o u t ” d i f f e r e n t

d a t e s

, t h e e v i d e n c e a t t r i a l p r o v i d e d o n l y o n e o c c a s i o n t h a t c o u l d h a v e g i v e n r i s e t o b o t h t h e

c o n t a c t a n d t h e e x p o s u r e c h a r g e s

.

A t t r i a l

, N o r a M i t c h e l l

, S

. O

. ’ s c u s t o d i a l g u a r d i a n

, t e s t i f i e d t h a t S

. O

. t o l d h e r t h a t

, o n

t h a t p a r t i c u l a r o c c a s i o n

, A p p e l l a n t h a d t a k e n S

. O

. i n t o t h e b a t h r o o m a n d “ p l a y e d w i t h h i m

w h i l e h e w a s p l a y i n g w i t h h i m s e l f

. ” K a r r a h D i c k e s o n

, S

. O

. ’ s a s s a u l t c o u n s e l o r

, t e s t i f i e d t h a t

S

. O

. d e s c r i b e d t h e s a m e b a t h r o o m i n c i d e n t t o h e r i n t h i s w a y : “ B i l l y [ A p p e l l a n t ] w a s p l a y i n g

w i t h h i m s e l f a n d t h e n h e p l a y e d w i t h m e

. ” F o r h i s p a r t

, w h e n S

. O

. w a s a s k e d a b o u t t h e

b a t h r o o m i n c i d e n t

, h e t e s t i f i e d t h a t A p p e l l a n t h a d p u l l e d h i s p e n i s o u t a n d m a d e S

. O

. t o u c h

i t

. A l t h o u g h t h e r e c o r d i s n o m o r e e n l i g h t e n i n g t h a n t h i s r e g a r d i n g h o w m u c h t i m e p a s s e d

opposite sex, t he per son:

(1) eng ag es in sexual contac t with the child or cause s the

child to eng ag e in sexual contact; or

(2) with intent to arouse or g ratify the sexual desire of any

person:

(A) ex poses the person’ s anus or any part o f t h e

p erson’s g enitals, knowing the child i s

prese nt; or

(B ) cause s the child t o expose the child’s anus or

any part of the child’s g enitals.Speights — 4

b e t w e e n t h e i n i t i a l e x p o s u r e a n d t h e c o n t a c t

, t h e r e i s a t l e a s t s o m e b a s i s i n t h i s t e s t i m o n y f o r

t h e j u r y t o c o n c l u d e t h a t A p p e l l a n t e x p o s e d h i m s e l f i n f r o n t o f S

. O

. , i n i t i a l l y m a s t u r b a t e d

h i m s e l f

, a n d o n l y t h e n d i d h e c a u s e S

. O

. t o t o u c h h i s ( A p p e l l a n t ’ s ) p e n i s

. T h e j u r y r e t u r n e d

a v e r d i c t f

i n d i n g A p p e l l a n t g u i l t y o f b o t h i n d e c e n c y c h a r g e s

. I t t h e n a s s e s s e d a t w e n t y

- y e a r

s e n t e n c e f

o r t h e i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t o f f e n s e

, a n d a t e n

- y e a r s e n t e n c e f o r t h e i n d e c e n c y b y

e x p o s u r e o f

f e n s e

.

O n a p p e a l

, A p p e l l a n t c l a i m e d t h a t

, c o n s i s t e n t w i t h d o u b l e j e o p a r d y p r i n c i p l e s

, h e

c o u l d n o t b e p u n i s h e d f

o r b o t h i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y c o n t a c t a n d i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d

b y e x p o s u r e s t e m m i n g f r o m t h e s a m e i n c i d e n t

. S p e i g h t s

, 2 0 1 4 W L 1 2 4 6 0 7 4

, a t * 7

. T h e c o u r t

o f a p p e a l s u l t i m a t e l y a g r e e d

. F i r s t

, t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s n o t e d A p p e l l a n t h a d n o t r a i s e d a n y

o b j e c t i o n i n t h e t r i a l c o u r t t o m u l t i p l e p u n i s h m e n t s

. I d

. a t * 8

. B u t

, r e c o g n i z i n g t h i s C o u r t ’ s

h o l d i n g t h a t

, “ w h e n a d o u b l e

- j e o p a r d y v i o l a t i o n i s c l e a r l y a p p a r e n t f r o m t h e f

a c e o f t h e

r e c o r d

, i t c a n b e r a i s e d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e o n a p p e a l [

, ] ” t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s r e a c h e d t h e m e r i t s

o f A p p e l l a n t ’ s j e o p a r d y c l a i m

. I d

. T h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s c o n c l u d e d t h a t

, b e c a u s e “ [ e ] x p o s u r e

o f [ A p p e l l a n t ’ s ] g e n i t a l s ” d u r i n g t h e s a m e c r i m i n a l a c t “ w o u l d b e n e c e s s a r i l y s u b s u m e d

w i t h i n t h e c o u n t [ ] a l l e g i n g

. . . i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y c o n t a c t a s a l l e g e d [

, ] ” p u n i s h m e n t

f o r b o t h i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e a n d i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t w a s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l l y i n t o l e r a b l e

.

I d

. a t * 9

- 1 0

. C o n s e q u e n t l y

, t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s r e n d e r e d a j u d g m e n t o f a c q u i t t a l o n t h e

c h a r g e o f i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e

. I d

. a t * 1 0

. I n h e r p e t i t i o n f o r d i s c r e t i o n a r y r e v i e w

, t h e S P ASpeights — 5

a r g u e s t h a t t h i s h o l d i n g c a n n o t b e s q u a r e d w i t h o u r r e c e n t p r e c e d e n t s

, m o s t p o i n t e d l y

, L o v i n g

v

. S t a t e

, 4 0 1 S

. W

. 3 d 6 4 2 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 1 3 )

. W e a g r e e

.

A N A L Y S I S

M u l t i p l e P u n i s h m e n t s : S a m e S t a t u t e

T h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l p r o s c r i p t i o n a g a i n s t d o u b l e j e o p a r d y p r o v i d e s t h r e e t y p e s o f

p r o t e c t i o n : 1 ) p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t a s e c o n d p r o s e c u t i o n f o r t h e s a m e o f

f e n s e a f t e r a n a c q u i t t a l ;

2 ) p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t a s e c o n d p r o s e c u t i o n f o r t h e s a m e o f

f e n s e f o l l o w i n g a c o n v i c t i o n ; a n d

3 ) p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t m u l t i p l e p u n i s h m e n t s f o r t h e s a m e o f

f e n s e

. G a r f i a s v

. S t a t e

, 4 2 4 S

. W

. 3 d

5 4

, 5 8 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 1 4 )

. T h i s c a s e i n v o l v e s a c l a i m r e l a t i n g t o t h e t h i r d o f t h e s e

p r o t e c t i o n s

, m u l t i p l e p u n i s h m e n t s

. W e h a v e s a i d t h a t w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s t h e “ s a m e ” o f f e n s e f o r

d o u b l e j e o p a r d y p u r p o s e s i n t h e m u l t i p l e

- p u n i s h m e n t s c o n t e x t i s s t r i c t l y a m a t t e r o f

l e g i s l a t i v e i n t e n t : h o w m a n y d i f f e r e n t o f f e n s e s d i d t h e L e g i s l a t u r e c o n t e m p l a t e a n a c c u s e d

s h o u l d b e s u s c e p t i b l e t o b e i n g p u n i s h e d f o r ? I d

. ; G o n z a l e s v

. S t a t e

, 3 0 4 S

. W

. 3 d 8 3 8

, 8 4 5

( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 1 0 )

. W e h a v e a l s o s a i d t h a t t h e L e g i s l a t u r e ’ s i n t e n t c o n c e r n i n g m u l t i p l e

p u n i s h m e n t s f

o r d i f f e r e n t o f f e n s e s d e f

i n e d w i t h i n t h e s a m e s t a t u t e c a n b e a s c e r t a i n e d b y

r e s o r t t o a “ u n i t [ s ] o f

p r o s e c u t i o n ” a n a l y s i s

. G a r f i a s

, 4 2 4 S

. W

. 3 d a t 5 8 ( f o o t n o t e s o m i t t e d )

.

U n i t s o f P r o s e c u t i o n : T h e B e n s o n T e s t

I n t h e r e c e n t c a s e o f E x p a r t e B e n s o n

, w e d e s c r i b e d t h e a n a l y s i s f o r d e t e r m i n i n g

a l l o w a b l e u n i t s o f p r o s e c u t i o n i n t h i s w a y :

A “ u n i t s ” a n a l y s i s c o n s i s t s o f t w o p a r t s : ( 1 ) w h a t t h e a l l o w a b l e u n i t o fSpeights — 6

p r o s e c u t i o n i s

, a n d ( 2 ) h o w m a n y u n i t s h a v e b e e n s h o w n

. T h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e

a n a l y s i s i s p u r e l y a q u e s t i o n o f s t a t u t o r y c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d g e n e r a l l y r e q u i r e s

a s c e r t a i n i n g t h e f

o c u s o r g r a v a m e n o f t h e o f f e n s e

. T h e s e c o n d p a r t r e q u i r e s a n

e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e t r i a l r e c o r d

, w h i c h c a n i n c l u d e t h e e v i d e n c e p r e s e n t e d a t

t r i a l

.

4 5 9 S

. W

. 3 d 6 7

, 7 3

- 7 4 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 1 5 )

. W h a t c o n c l u s i o n d o e s t h i s a n a l y s i s g e n e r a t e

i n t h e i n s t a n t c a s e ?

B e n s o n P a r t O n e : W h a t a r e t h e A l l o w a b l e U n i t s o f P r o s e c u t i o n U n d e r t h e

S t a t u t e ? A p p e l l a n t c o m p l a i n s t h a t h e w a s i m p r o p e r l y p u n i s h e d u n d e r t w o s u b s e c t i o n s o f t h e

s a m e s t a t u t o r y p r o v i s i o n : S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) a n d S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( A ) o f t h e T e x a s P e n a l

C o d e

. I n a m u l t i p l e p u n i s h m e n t s a n a l y s i s s u c h a s t h i s o n e

, “ t h e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t d o u b l e

j e o p a r d y i s n o t v i o l a t e d i f t h e [ t h e L e g i s l a t u r e i n t e n d e d t h a t t h e ] o f f e n s e s c o n s t i t u t e s e p a r a t e

a l l o w a b l e u n i t s o f p r o s e c u t i o n

. ” E x p a r t e B e n s o n

, 4 5 9 S

. W

. 3 d a t 7 3

. S e e a l s o

, M a l d o n a d o

v

. S t a t e

,

_ _ _ S

. W

. 3 d

_ _ _ , N o

. P D

- 0 5 4 2

- 1 4

, 2 0 1 5 W L 2 2 5 1 2 0 5

, a t * 6 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. M a y

1 3

, 2 0 1 5 ) ( K e l l e r

, P

. J

. , c o n c u r r i n g )

. W i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e B e n s o n a n a l y s i s

, w e

h a v e p r e v i o u s l y a d d r e s s e d t h e q u e s t i o n o f l e g i s l a t i v e i n t e n t w i t h r e s p e c t t o a l l o w a b l e u n i t s

o f p r o s e c u t i o n i n S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 o f t h e P e n a l C o d e

. I n L o v i n g v

. S t a t e

, w e h e l d t h a t “ t h e

g r a v a m e n o f t h e i n d e c e n c y

- w i t h

- a

- c h i l d s t a t u t e i s t h e n a t u r e o f t h e p r o h i b i t e d c o n d u c t

,

r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e t h e r t h e a c c u s e d i s c h a r g e d w i t h c o n t a c t o r e x p o s u r e [

. ] ” 4 0 1 S

. W

. 3 d a t 6 4 9

.

W e c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e L e g i s l a t u r e i n t e n d e d t h a t a d e f e n d a n t s h o u l d b e s u s c e p t i b l e t o

p u n i s h m e n t f

o r e a c h

— e v e n w h e n

, a s i n A p p e l l a n t ’ s c a s e

, “ t h e e x p o s u r e p r e c e d e s t h eSpeights — 7

c o n t a c t [

. ] ” I

d

. a t 6 4 4

, 6 4 9

. 4

C o n t r a r y t o t h e a p p a r e n t a s s u m p t i o n o f t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s i n t h i s c a s e

, “ e x p o s u r e ”

u n d e r S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( A )

, i s n o t “ n e c e s s a r i l y s u b s u m e d ” w i t h i n “ s e x u a l c o n t a c t ” u n d e r

S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 1 )

. S

p e i g h t s

, 2 0 1 4 W L 1 2 4 6 0 7 4

, a t * 9

. F o r p u r p o s e s o f o u r I n d e c e n c y w i t h

a C h i l d s t a t u t e

, “ s e x u a l c o n t a c t ” m a y b e a c c o m p l i s h e d b y w a y o f “ a n y t o u c h i n g b y a p e r s o n

,

i n c l u d i n g t o u c h i n g t h r o u g h c l o t h i n g [

. ] ” T E X

. P E N A L C O D E § 2 1

. 1 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) ; L o v i n g

, 4 0 1 S

. W

. 3 d

a t 6 4 8

. T h u s

, i t i s p o s s i b l e t o c o m m i t i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y s e x u a l c o n t a c t w i t h o u t

n e c e s s a r i l y c o m m i t t i n g i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e

. I t i s a l s o p o s s i b l e t o c o m m i t

i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e w i t h o u t n e c e s s a r i l y c o m m i t t i n g i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d

b y s e x u a l c o n t a c t b e c a u s e a p e r s o n c a n c o m m i t t h e r e q u i r e d e x p o s u r e a n d n e v e r a d v a n c e t o

t h e p o i n t o f e n g a g i n g i n c o n t a c t

. B y t h e s e t w o d i s t i n c t p r o h i b i t i o n s

, t h e L e g i s l a t u r e h a s

p r o s c r i b e d t w o d i s t i n c t t y p e s o f c o n d u c t

.

I n L o v i n g

, w e e x p l a i n e d

, “ i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e a n d b y c o n t a c t p r o t e c t

c h i l d r e n f

r o m d i f f e r e n t p o t e n t i a l h a r m s

. ” I d

. a t 6 4 9

. I n t h i s r e g a r d

, t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f

“ e x p o s u r e ” t o “ c o n t a c t ” w i t h i n o u r i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d s t a t u t e i s s i m i l a r t o t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p

b e t w e e n d i f

f e r e n t k i n d s o f c o n t a c t i n v o l v i n g d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e b o d y w i t h i n t h a t s a m e

s t a t u t e

, i

. e

. , a n u s

, b r e a s t

, o r g e n i t a l s

. C o m p a r e T E X

. P E N A L C O D E § 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) w i t h T E X

. P E N A L

I n Loving

, the appellant expos ed his g enitals in the living room a nd beg an to masturbate 4

himself in front of the child victim. The child victim left the room, but later she returne d. After she

had returne d, the appellant “finished masturbating ” and asked the child victim to touch his penis. She

“punche d it” instead. 401 S.W.3d at 643.Speights — 8

C O D E § 2 1

. 1 1 ( c )

. A s w e e x p l a i n e d i n L o v i n g

, “ b e c a u s e t h e s u b s e c t i o n p r o h i b i t s t h e

c o m m i s s i o n o f

a n y o n e o f

t h o s e a c t s

, e a c h a c t i s a s e p a r a t e o f f e n s e

, ” a n d a s s u c h

, a d i s c r e t e

a l l o w a b l e u n i t o f p r o s e c u t i o n

. L o v i n g

, 4 0 1 S

. W

. 3 d a t 6 4 8 ( c o m p a r i n g P i z z o v

. S t a t e

, 2 3 5

S

. W

. 3 d 7 1 1

, 7 1 9 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 7 ) )

.

W i t h o u t a c k n o w l e d g i n g L o v i n g

, t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s c o n c l u d e d t h a t “ [ e ] x p o s u r e o f 5

S p e i g h t s ’ g e n i t a l s w o u l d b e n e c e s s a r i l y s u b s u m e d w i t h i n t h e c o u n t s a l l e g i n g

. . . i n d e c e n c y

w i t h a c h i l d b y c o n t a c t a s a l l e g e d

. ” S p e i g h t s

, 2 0 1 4 W L 1 2 4 6 0 7 4

, a t * 9

. I t i s t h i s h o l d i n g b y

t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s t h a t i s a t t h e h e a r t o f t h e S P A ’ s s e c o n d i s s u e

, w h i c h a s k s : w h e t h e r

“ i n d e c e n c y b y e x p o s u r e [ i s ] i n c i d e n t t o a n d s u b s u m e d b y i n d e c e n c y b y c o n t a c t w h e n t h e

d e f e n d a n t m a s t u r b a t e s i n f

r o n t o f t h e v i c t i m a n d c a u s e s t h e v i c t i m t o t o u c h t h e d e f e n d a n t ’ s

p e n i s

. ” W e a n s w e r t h a t q u e s t i o n h e r e

.

T h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e B e n s o n a n a l y s i s f o c u s e s o n t h e s t a t u t o r y l a n g u a g e

, t h e p u r p o s e

b e i n g t o d e t e r m i n e l e g i s l a t i v e i n t e n t

. A s w e h a v e c o n s t r u e d t h e s t a t u t e

, b o t h i n L o v i n g a n d

a g a i n t o d a y

, u n d e r a p r o p e r B e n s o n P a r t O n e a n a l y s i s

, S e c t i o n 2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) a n d S e c t i o n

2 1

. 1 1 ( a ) ( 2 ) ( A ) o f t h e P e n a l C o d e a d m i t o f s e p a r a t e a l l o w a b l e u n i t s o f p r o s e c u t i o n ( a n d

h e n c e

, p u n i s h m e n t ) f

o r b o t h t h e o f

f e n s e o f i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y s e x u a l c o n t a c t a n d t h e

o f f e n s e o f i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e

. W h e n b o t h o f f e n s e s a r e c o m m i t t e d

, t h e y b o t h

m a y b e t r i e d

, a n d t h e d e f e n d a n t m a y b e c o n v i c t e d a n d s e n t e n c e d f o r b o t h i n a s i n g l e

Loving was decide d on J une 26, 2013. The court of appea ls decide d Speights on Marc h 26, 5

2014, some nine months later.Speights — 9

p r o s e c u t i o n a s w e l l

.

B e n s o n P a r t T w o : H o w M a n y U n i t s o f P r o s e c u t i o n H e r e ? T h e s e c o n d p a r t o f t h e

B e n s o n a n a l y s i s a s k s “ h o w m a n y u n i t s h a v e b e e n s h o w n ” b y t h e e v i d e n c e a t t r i a l

. W e h a v e

a l r e a d y c o n c l u d e d f

r o m o u r B e n s o n P a r t O n e a n a l y s i s t h a t t h e L e g i s l a t u r e i n t e n d e d t h a t b o t h

t h e o r i e s o f i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d m a y b e p l e d a n d p u n i s h e d

, e v e n w h e n t h e e x p o s u r e

p r e c e d e s t h e c o n t a c t a n d e v e n w h e n b o t h a c t s o c c u r w i t h i n t h e s a m e t r a n s a c t i o n

. W h e n t h a t

i s t h e c a s e

, u n d e r P a r t T w o o f t h e B e n s o n a n a l y s i s

, a l l w e n e e d t o a s k a b o u t t h e f a c t s i s

w h e t h e r t h e e v i d e n c e p r e s e n t e d w o u l d a c t u a l l y s u p p o r t c o n v i c t i o n a n d p u n i s h m e n t u n d e r

e a c h t h e o r y o f t h e o f

f e n s e

. H e r e t h e e v i d e n c e p l a i n l y e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t A p p e l l a n t c o m m i t t e d 6

b o t h i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e a n d i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y s e x u a l c o n t a c t

. A s

s u m m a r i z e d a b o v e

, t h e e v i d e n c e s h o w s t h a t A p p e l l a n t b o t h e x p o s e d h i s p e n i s a n d c a u s e d

S

. O

. t o c o n t a c t i t

. T h u s

, a l t h o u g h A p p e l l a n t h a s u n q u e s t i o n a b l y b e e n p u n i s h e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r

b o t h o f f e n s e s

, h i s d o u b l e j e o p a r d y r i g h t t o a v o i d b e i n g p u n i s h e d t w i c e f o r t h e s a m e o f

f e n s e

i s n o t o f f e n d e d

. 7

See Loving

, 401 S.W .3d at 649 (“[B]eca use commission of eac h prohibited act deter mines 6

h o w many convictions may be had for a particula r course of conduct, Appellant’s conduct in th i s

case violated the indec ency -with-a- child statute two separ ate times.”)

.

The SPA’s petition also asks whether “the subsumption theory of Patterson v. State [i s] still 7

valid in light of this Court’s more rec ent case law? ” I n Patterson v. State

, 152 S.W .3d 88 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2004), we addre ssed the question of whether ag g rava ted sexual assault, which involved ana l

penetr ation of the victim, subsumed other char g ed o f f e n s e s th a t p r e c e d e d that penetr ation. This Court

rec ently acknow ledg ed that, at least when the g rea ter offe nse involves penetr ation, lesser prec eding

conduct such as contac t may be subsumed. See Maldonado v. State

, ___ S.W .3d

___, No. PD-0542-

14, 2015 WL 2251205, at *3 (Tex. Crim. App. May 13, 2015). Appellant was not char g ed with anySpeights — 10

C O N C L U S I O N

A c c o r d i n g l y

, w e r e v e r s e t h e j u d g m e n t o f t h e c o u r t o f a p p e a l s t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t i t

r e n d e r e d a j u d g m e n t o f a c q u i t t a l f o r t h e o f f e n s e o f i n d e c e n c y w i t h a c h i l d b y e x p o s u r e ; w e

o t h e r w i s e a f

f i r m i t s j u d g m e n t

.

D E L I V E R E D : J u l y 1

, 2 0 1 5

P U B L I S H

offe nse involving pe netra tion, however , and we need not ag ain address the continuing viability of

Patterson here

. Loving

controls.