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 The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption as shown above.

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11-2697-cv

Tolliver v. McCants

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A

SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY

FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN

CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE

EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION

“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY

PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at

the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New

York, on the 28th day of June, two thousand twelve.

PRESENT: JON O. NEWMAN,

RALPH K. WINTER,

REENA RAGGI,

Circuit Judges.

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ORRIN LYNN TOLLIVER, JR., a.k.a. David Payton,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v. No. 11-2697-cv

JAMES LOUIS MCCANTS, d.b.a. Jimi Mac Music, 

d.b.a. OG Music,

Defendant-Appellant.

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FOR APPELLANT: James Louis McCants, pro se, Akron, Ohio.

FOR APPELLEE: Oren J. Warshavsky, Baker & Hostetler LLP, New York, New

York.
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Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District

of New York (John F. Keenan, Judge).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment entered on June 24, 2011, is AFFIRMED.

Defendant James McCants appeals pro se from an award of summary judgment in

favor of plaintiff Orrin Lynn Tolliver, Jr., on the issue of McCants’s liability for copyright

infringement. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and the record of prior

proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.

1. Jurisdiction

As an initial matter, Tolliver argues that we lack jurisdiction to review McCants’s

challenge to the district court’s March 25, 2009 order because his notice of appeal only

expressly referenced the district court’s January 21, 2010 order. Although the requirement

that a notice of appeal must “designate the judgment, order, or part thereof being appealed”

is jurisdictional, Fed. R. App. P. 3(c)(1)(B); see Gonzalez v. Thaler, 132 S. Ct. 641, 651–52

(2012), “we construe notices of appeal liberally, taking the parties’ intentions into account,”

Shrader v. CSX Transp., Inc., 70 F.3d 255, 256 (2d Cir. 1995). Our appellate jurisdiction

“depends on whether the intent to appeal from [a] decision is clear on the face of, or can be

inferred from, the notice[] of appeal,” New Phone Co. v. City of N.Y., 498 F.3d 127, 131 (2d

Cir. 2007), a rule that is itself subject to the particular liberal application that pertains to pro

se filings, see, e.g., Phelps v. Kapnolas, 123 F.3d 91, 93 (2d Cir. 1997).
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Attached to McCants’s notice of appeal was a letter stating that he was challenging

the “judgment” against him. At the time, the only “judgment” against McCants was a partial

judgment as to liability, and the district court’s reasoning for finding such liability

established as a matter of law was encompassed in both its March 2009 and January 2010

orders. In these circumstances, McCants’s notice of appeal can reasonably be construed as

expressing an intent to appeal from all aspects of the district court’s decision regarding

liability, whether reflected in the March 2009 or the January 2010 orders. Accordingly, we

have appellate jurisdiction to review both decisions.

2. Merits

Reviewing the summary judgment award de novo, see Wilson v. C.I.A., 586 F.3d 171,

183 (2d Cir. 2009), we identify no error. Under the Copyright Act, ownership of a copyright

“vests initially in the author or authors of the work.” 17 U.S.C. § 201(a). “It is elementary

that the lawful owner of a copyright is incapable of infringing a copyright interest that is

owned by him; nor can a joint owner of a copyright sue his co-owner for infringement.”

Cortner v. Israel, 732 F.2d 267, 271 (2d Cir. 1984). Copyright ownership may be transferred

in whole or in part, see 17 U.S.C. § 201(d), but for a transfer to be valid, the conveyance

must be “in writing and signed by the owner of the rights conveyed,” id. § 204(a). 

Insofar as McCants appears to argue that there are genuine issues of material fact with

respect to whether he is a co-author of the composition, he arguably waived this contention,

alluded to in his answer, by abandoning the position in his district court motion papers in
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favor of an ownership-by-assignment argument. See Eastman Kodak Co. v. STWB, Inc., 452

F.3d 215, 221 (2d Cir. 2006) (“[T]his Court ordinarily will not hear arguments not made to

the district court.”). In any event, the co-authorship argument is without record support. At

his deposition, McCants admitted that Tolliver wrote the lyrics to the composition and that

McCants did not personally make any contribution to the writing of the composition.

The record also belies McCants’s contention that he entered into two written

agreements with Tolliver that transferred partial ownership of Tolliver’s copyright to

McCants. At his deposition, McCants testified to having only one written contract with

Tolliver, an artist contract, and he consistently maintained that his “understanding” with

Tolliver regarding the transfer of ownership rights in the composition was based on a verbal

agreement. McCants Dep. at 153:17. Such an unwritten agreement could not successfully

have transferred Tolliver’s ownership interest to McCants. See 17 U.S.C. § 204(a).

McCants has waived any other challenge to the summary judgment award by failing

to brief any issues other than those discussed above. See LoSacco v. City of Middletown,

71 F.3d 88, 92–93 (2d Cir. 1995) (holding, in context of pro se appeal, that issues not raised

in appellate brief are abandoned). Accordingly, the challenged judgment is AFFIRMED.

FOR THE COURT: 

CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court