For use at 12:00 p.m., eastern time 

 Tuesday 

September 19, 2006 

FEDERAL RESERVE statistical release

Z.1 

 

Flow of Funds Accounts 

of the United States

Flows and Outstandings

Second Quarter 2006

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington DC 20551
CFlow of Funds Summary Statistics 

Second Quarter 2006 

 Debt of the domestic nonfinancial sectors rose 

at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 6-1/2 percent in 

the second quarter of 2006, three percentage points

slower than in the previous quarter. The deceleration in 

domestic nonfinancial debt was accounted for by 

decreased borrowing by all sectors except state and

local governments. 

Household debt expanded at an annual rate of 

9 percent in the second quarter of 2006, a bit less

rapidly than in the previous quarter. Consumer credit 

posted a sizeable increase in the second quarter, but 

growth of home mortgage debt slowed to a single-digit 

pace for the first time in several years. In the second 

quarter, nonfinancial business debt rose at a 7-1/2

percent pace, two percentage points less than the rate in 

the first quarter. The deceleration of business debt last 

quarter mainly reflected slower short-term lending by 

banks and other financial institutions. 

 State and local government debt rose at an 

annual rate of 6-1/2 percent in the second quarter, after 

having increased only 3-1/2 percent in the previous

quarter. The second-quarter acceleration of municipal 

debt reflected stronger net issuance for capital projects 

and advance refundings. In the second quarter of 2006, 

federal government debt contracted at a seasonally 

adjusted annual rate of 2-1/2 percent, following an 

11-1/4 percent increase in the previous quarter. 

 At the end of the second quarter of 2006, the 

level of domestic nonfinancial debt outstanding was

$27.7 trillion. Household debt amounted to $12.4 

trillion, and nonfinancial business debt was $8.6 

trillion. Combined, state and local governments and 

the federal government had outstanding debt of $6.7

trillion. 

Growth of Domestic Nonfinancial DebtP

1

P

Percentage changes; quarterly data are seasonally adjusted annual rates 

 Total Households Business State and 

local govts. Federal 

1996 5.2 6.7 6.2 -1.5 4.0 

1997 5.3 5.8 9.0 4.3 0.6 

1998 6.8 7.8 12.3 6.3 -1.4 

1999 6.4 8.4 10.7 3.4 -1.9 

2000 4.9 9.0 9.2 1.3 -8.0 

 

2001 6.3 9.4 6.0 8.8 -0.2 

2002 7.2 10.6 2.5 11.0 7.6 

2003 8.2 11.6 2.6 8.3 10.9 

2004 8.9 11.6 5.9 7.4 9.0 

2005 9.5 11.7 7.7 10.2 7.0 

 

2005:Q1 9.3 9.6 6.5 9.9 13.0 

 Q2 8.2 11.9 7.7 7.4 0.6 

 Q3 9.7 11.9 8.1 12.3 5.8 

 Q4 9.6 11.7 7.7 9.7 8.0 

 

2006:Q1 9.5 9.6 9.6 3.5 11.3 

 Q2 6.4 9.1 7.6 6.6 -2.4 

1. Changes shown are on an end-of-period basis.
Table of Contents 

Title Table Page 

Flow of Funds Accounts, Second Quarter 2006 1 

Availability of Data for Latest Quarter 3 

Debt Growth by Sector D.1 6 

Borrowing by Sector D.2 7 

Debt Outstanding by Sector D.3 8 

Flows Levels

Title Table Page Table Page 

Summaries 

Total Net Borrowing and Lending in Credit Markets F.1 9 L.1 58 

Credit Market Borrowing by Nonfinancial Sectors F.2 10 L.2 59 

Credit Market Borrowing by Financial Sectors F.3 10 L.3 59 

Credit Market Borrowing, All Sectors, by Instrument F.4 11 L.4 60 

Total Liabilities and Its Relation to Total Financial Assets F.5 11 L.5 60 

Distribution of Gross Domestic Product F.6 12 

Distribution of National Income F.7 13 

Saving and Investment F.8 14 

Net Capital Transfers F.9 14 

Derivation of Measures of Personal Saving F.10 15 L.10 61 
Flows Levels

Title Table Page Table Page

Sectors 

Households and Nonprofit Organizations F.100 16 L.100 62 

Nonfinancial Business F.101 17 L.101 63 

Nonfarm Nonfinancial Corporate Business F.102 18 L.102 64 

Nonfarm Noncorporate Business F.103 19 L.103 65 

Farm Business F.104 19 L.104 65 

State and Local Governments F.105 20 L.105 66 

Federal Government F.106 21 L.106 66 

Rest of the World F.107 22 L.107 67 

Monetary Authority F.108 23 L.108 68 

Commercial Banking F.109 24 L.109 69 

U.S.-Chartered Commercial Banks F.110 25 L.110 70 

Foreign Banking Offices in U.S. F.111 26 L.111 71 

Bank Holding Companies F.112 27 L.112 72 

Banks in U.S.-Affiliated Areas F.113 27 L.113 72 

Savings Institutions F.114 28 L.114 73 

Credit Unions F.115 29 L.115 74 

Property-Casualty Insurance Companies F.116 29 L.116 74 

Life Insurance Companies F.117 30 L.117 75 

Private Pension Funds F.118 30 L.118 75 

State and Local Government Employee Retirement Funds F.119 31 L.119 76 

Federal Government Retirement Funds F.120 31 L.120 76 

Money Market Mutual Funds F.121 32 L.121 77 

Mutual Funds F.122 32 L.122 77 
Flows Levels

Title Table Page Table Page

Closed-End and Exchange-Traded Funds F.123 32 L.123 77 

Government-Sponsored Enterprises F.124 33 L.124 78 

Agency- and GSE-backed Mortgage Pools F.125 33 L.125 78 

Issuers of Asset-Backed Securities F.126 34 L.126 79 

Finance Companies F.127 34 L.127 79 

Real Estate Investment Trusts F.128 35 L.128 80 

Security Brokers and Dealers F.129 36 L.129 81 

Funding Corporations F.130 36 L.130 81 

 

Instruments 

Gold and Official Foreign Exchange Holdings F.200 37 L.200 82 

SDR Certificates and Treasury Currency F.201 37 L.201 82 

U.S. Deposits in Foreign Countries F.202 37 L.202 82 

Net Interbank Transactions F.203 38 L.203 83 

Checkable Deposits and Currency F.204 39 L.204 84 

Time and Savings Deposits F.205 40 L.205 85 

Money Market Mutual Fund Shares F.206 40 L.206 85 

Federal Funds and Security Repurchase Agreements F.207 41 L.207 86 

Open Market Paper F.208 41 L.208 86 

Treasury Securities F.209 42 L.209 87 
 Flows Levels

Title Table Page Table Page

Agency- and GSE-backed Securities F.210 43 L.210 88

Municipal Securities and Loans F.211 44 L.211 89 

Corporate and Foreign Bonds F.212 44 L.212 89 

Corporate Equities F.213 45 L.213 90 

Mutual Fund Shares F.214 45 L.214 90 

Bank Loans Not Elsewhere Classified F.215 46 L.215 91 

Other Loans and Advances F.216 47 L.216 92 

Total Mortgages F.217 48 L.217 93 

Home Mortgages F.218 49 L.218 94 

Multifamily Residential Mortgages F.219 49 L.219 94 

Commercial Mortgages F.220 50 L.220 95 

Farm Mortgages F.221 50 L.221 95 

Consumer Credit F.222 51 L.222 96 

Trade Credit F.223 51 L.223 96 

Security Credit F.224 51 L.224 96 

Life Insurance and Pension Fund Reserves F.225 52 L.225 97 

Taxes Payable by Businesses F.226 52 L.226 97 

Proprietors' Equity in Noncorporate Business F.227 52 L.227 97 

Total Miscellaneous Financial Claims F.228 53 L.228 98 

 Identified Miscellaneous Financial Claims - Part I F.229 54 L.229 99 

Identified Miscellaneous Financial Claims - Part II F.230 55 L.230 100 

Unidentified Miscellaneous Financial Claims F.231 56 L.231 101 

Sector Discrepancies F.11 57 

Instrument Discrepancies F.12 57 
Balance Reconciliation

Sheet

Title Table Page Table Page 

Balance Sheet and Reconciliation Tables

Households and Nonprofit Organizations B.100 102 R.100 105 

Nonfinancial Corporate Business B.102 103 R.102 106

Nonfarm Noncorporate Business B.103 104 R.103 107 

Flows Levels

Title Table Page Table Page

Supplementary Tables 

Nonprofit Organizations F.100.a 108 L.100.a 109 

Consolidated Statement for Federal, State, and Local Governments F.106.c 110 L.106.c 111 

Private Pension Funds: Defined Benefit Plans F.118.b 112 L.118.b 113 

Private Pension Funds: Defined Contribution Plans F.118.c 112 L.118.c 113 

Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) F.225.i 112 L.225.i 113 

Flow of Funds Matrix for 2005 114 115 

Balance Sheet of Households and Nonprofit Organizations 

 with Equity Detail B.100.e 116 
Flow of Funds Accounts, Second Quarter 2006 

This publication presents the flow of funds 

accounts for 2006:Q2. 

Data revisions and other changes. The statistics in 

the attached tables reflect the use of new or revised 

source data. Most significant revisions appear in recent 

quarters; however, new source information resulted in 

changes to data for earlier periods. 

1. Seasonal factors for quarterly financial flows 

have been recalculated for the period 1996:Q1 onward. 

The factors were generated using the X-12-ARIMA/88 

seasonal adjustment program. 

2. The statistics in this publication reflect the 

annual revisions to the national income and product

accounts from 2003 forward released by the Bureau of 

Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of 

Commerce on July 28, 2006, and subsequent 

information for 2006:Q2 released on August 30, 2006. 

The August 2006 issue of the Survey of Current 

Business details the major features of the annual 

revision of the national income and product accounts. 

3. Data for investment and depreciation flows of 

all sectors, and capital stocks for the household, 

nonfarm nonfinancial corporate business, and nonfarm 

noncorporate business sectors have been revised 

beginning in 2003 to reflect updated annual estimates of 

fixed assets from the BEA. 

4. Revisions to the rest of the world sector (tables 

F.107 and L.107) reflect new estimates of the balance 

of payments and the international investment position 

from the BEA for 1995 through 2005. The new 

estimates are detailed in the July 2006 issue of the 

Survey of Current Business. 

5. The rest of the world sector (tables F.107 and 

L.107) was modified to include an additional asset 

category, municipal securities. 

6. For the private pension fund sector (tables 

F.118, F.118.b, F.118.c and L.118, L.118.b, L.118.c), 

estimates have been revised to reflect figures from the 

U.S. Internal Revenue Service/Department of 

Labor/Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation Form 

5500 filed for plan year 2002. 

7. The issuers of asset-backed securities (ABS) 

sector (tables F.126 and L.126) was modified to include 

an additional asset category, Treasury securities. 

Estimates of this sector’s holdings of commercial and 

multi-family residential mortgages have been revised 

from 1997:Q1 forward to reflect new data. 

8. Data for the finance company sector (tables 

F.127 and L.127) have been revised beginning in 

2000:Q3 as a result of benchmarking to the Federal 

Reserve System’s 2005 quinquennial finance company

survey. The survey gathered asset and liability 

information as of December 31, 2005. 

9. The mortgage company sector (previously 

shown in tables F.128 and L.128) has been combined 

with the finance company sector (tables F.127 and 

L.127). All sector flow and level tables after F.127 and 

L.127 have been renumbered. 

10. Total consumer credit (tables F.222 and 

L.222) has been revised from 1996:Q1 forward owing 

to new seasonal factors and other changes reflected in 

the Board’s G.19 statistical release on September 8, 

2006. 

11. Market values for residential real estate (tables 

B.100, B.102, and B.103 and R.100, R.102, and R.103) 

have been revised from 1990:Q4 as a result of using the 

seasonally-adjusted purchase-only house price index

produced by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise 

Oversight (OFHEO) to estimate holding gains. 

Previously, OFHEO’s repeat-transactions house price

index (HPI) was used. 

Explanatory notes for tables D.1, D.2, and D.3. 

Domestic debt comprises credit market funds borrowed 

by U.S. entities from both domestic and foreign 

sources, while foreign debt represents amounts 

borrowed by foreign financial and nonfinancial entities 

in U.S. markets only. Financial sectors consist of 

government-sponsored enterprises, agency- and GSEbacked mortgage pools, and private financial 

institutions. Credit market debt consists of debt 

securities, mortgages, bank loans, commercial paper, 

consumer credit, U.S. government loans, and other 

loans and advances; it excludes trade debt, loans for the 

purpose of carrying securities, and funds raised from 

equity sources. 

1
Growth rates in table D.1 are calculated by 

dividing seasonally adjusted flows from table D.2 by 

seasonally adjusted levels at the end of the previous 

period from table D.3. Seasonally adjusted levels in 

flow of funds statistics are derived by carrying forward 

year-end levels by seasonally adjusted flows. Growth 

rates calculated from changes in unadjusted levels 

printed in table L.2 can differ from those in table D.1. 

Relation of Flows to Outstandings. Estimates of 

financial assets and liabilities outstanding are linked to 

data on flows. However, figures on outstandings 

contain discontinuities or breaks in series that could 

affect analysis of particular relationships over time 

specifically, outstanding in the flow of funds accounts 

are related to the flows in the following way: 

Outstanding B

t

B = Outstanding B

t-1B+ Flow Bt

B+ Discontinuity B

t

B 

where “t” is the time period. 

 Discontinuities result from changes in 

valuation, breaks in source data, and changes in 

definitions. For most series, the value of the 

discontinuity is zero for nearly all time periods. 

However, in a few instances, the discontinuity is 

nonzero for almost all time periods, or is quite large in a 

particular quarter, such as a period when there is a 

sharp increase or decrease in equity prices or a major 

break in source data. 

 The discontinuities in a series can distort 

estimated rates of growth in assets and liabilities

between periods. In order to minimize these 

distortions, percentage changes in assets and liabilities 

in flow of funds releases should be calculated as: 

Percentage change B

t

B = (Flow B

t

B / Outstanding B

t-1B) * 100 

Preliminary Estimates. Figures shown for the most 

recent quarter in these tables are based on preliminary 

and incomplete information. A summary list of the 

principal sources of information available when the 

latest quarter's data were compiled is provided in a table 

following this introduction. The distinction between 

“available” data and “missing” data is not between final 

and preliminary versions of data, but rather between 

those source estimates that are fully ready when the 

latest quarterly publication is compiled and those that 

are not yet completed. However, the items that are

shown as available are, in general, also preliminary in 

the sense that they are subject to revision by source 

agencies. 

Margins of Uncertainty. Flow of funds statistics are 

subject to uncertainties resulting from measurement

errors in source data, incompatibilities among data from 

different sources, potential revisions in both financial 

and nonfinancial series, and incomplete data in parts of 

the accounts. The size of these uncertainties cannot be 

quantified in precise statistical terms, but allowance for 

them is explicitly made throughout the accounts by the 

inclusion of “discrepancies” for various sectors and 

instrument types. A discrepancy for a sector is the 

difference between its measured sources of funds and 

its measured uses of funds. For an instrument category, 

a discrepancy is the difference between measured funds 

borrowed through the financial instrument and 

measured funds lent through that instrument. The size 

of such discrepancies relative to the main asset or 

liability components is one indication of the quality of 

source data, especially on an annual basis. For 

quarterly data, differences in seasonal adjustment 

procedures for financial and nonfinancial components 

of the accounts sometimes result in discrepancies that 

cancel in annual data. 

Availability of Data. Flow of funds statistics are 

updated about ten weeks following the end of a quarter. 

This publication — the Z.1 release — is available from 

the Board's Publications Services. Flow of funds data 

are also available electronically through the Internet at 

the following location: 

http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1

 The Internet site also provides quarterly data 

beginning in 1952, organized in compressed files that 

correspond to the tables published in this release. 

There are files for quarterly data for seasonally adjusted 

flows, unadjusted flows, outstandings, balance sheets, 

and debt (tables D.1, D.2, and D.3). 

 A Guide to the Flow of Funds Accounts 

is available. The 1,200-page Guide, published in two 

volumes in January 2000, explains in detail how the

U.S. financial accounts are prepared and the principles 

underlying the accounts. The Guide can be purchased 

for $20.00 from the Board’s Publications Services. The 

Internet site for this release at the location shown above 

contains a link to an order form for the Guide that can 

be mailed or faxed to Publications Services. In 

addition, the Internet site includes a link to the Guide’s 

descriptions of the tables in the flow of funds accounts. 

Subscription Information. The Federal Reserve 

Board charges for subscriptions to all statistical 

releases. Inquiries for releases should be directed to: 

Publications Services, Stop 127 

Board of Governors 

of the Federal Reserve System 

20th Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W. 

Washington, DC 20551 

(202) 452-3244

2

Availability of Data for Latest Quarter 

UAvailable at time of publicationU UMajor items missingU 

 1. National income and 

 product accounts (NIPA) 

Preliminary estimates, seasonally 

adjusted, for 2006:Q2. 

Unadjusted flows since 2004. 

 2. Households and nonprofit 

 organizations sector 

 (tables F.100 and L.100) 

Estimates for this sector are largely residuals and are derived from data for 

other sectors. Availability of data depends on schedules for other sectors. 

Data for consumer credit, which are estimated directly, are available 

through 2006:Q2. The source for nonprofit organizations data (tables 

F.100.a and L.100.a) is the Internal Revenue Service Statistics of Income. 

Data for nonprofit organizations are available for 1987 through 2000. 

 3. Nonfarm nonfinancial 

 corporate business 

 (tables F.102 and L.102) 

Quarterly Financial Report (QFR) of 

the Census Bureau through 2006:Q2; 

Internal Revenue Service Statistics of 

Income (IRS/SOI) preliminary data 

through 2004; securities offerings, 

mortgages, bank loans, commercial 

paper, and other loans through 

2006:Q2. 

Statistics of Income data since 

2004. 

 4. Nonfarm noncorporate 

 business 

 (tables F.103 and L.103) 

IRS/SOI data through 2003; bank and 

finance company loans and mortgage 

borrowing through 2006:Q2. 

Statistics of Income data since 

2003. 

 5. Farm business 

 (tables F.104 and L.104) 

Mortgages, bank loans, loans from 

government-sponsored enterprises, 

U.S. government loans to farms, and 

equity in government-sponsored 

enterprises through 2006:Q2; 

preliminary data for checkable deposits 

and currency and trade payables 

through 2004. 

Consumption of fixed capital 

and undistributed profits since 

2003. 

6. State and local governments 

 (tables F.105 and L.105) 

Gross offerings and retirements of 

municipal securities, deposits at banks, 

and nonmarketable U.S. government 

security issues through 2006:Q2; 

selected financial assets through 

2004:Q2 from Census data and the 

comprehensive annual financial reports 

of state and local governments. 

Selected financial asset items 

since 2004:Q2. 

7. Federal government 

 (tables F.106 and L.106) 

Data from the Monthly Treasury 

Statement of Receipts and Outlays

through 2006:Q2; Treasury data for 

loan programs through 2006:Q2. 

None. 

3 
 8. Rest of the world 

 (U.S. international 

 transactions) 

 (tables F.107 and L.107) 

Balance of payments data through 

2006:Q2; NIPA estimates; data from 

bank Reports of Condition and from 

Treasury International Capital System 

through 2006:Q2. 

 None. 

 9. Monetary authority 

 (tables F.108 and L.108) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

10. Commercial banking 

 (tables F.109 through F.113 

 and tables L.109 through 

 L.113) 

All data through 2006:Q2 for 

U.S.-chartered commercial banks, 

foreign banking offices in the U.S., 

bank holding companies, and 

commercial banks in U.S.-affiliated 

areas. 

Data since 2005 for branches of 

domestic commercial banks 

located in U.S.-affiliated areas. 

11. Savings institutions 

 (tables F.114 and L.114) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

12. Credit unions 

 (tables F.115 and L.115) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

13. Property-casualty insurance 

companies 

 (tables F.116 and L.116) 

All data through 2005:Q4; preliminary 

data for 2006:Q1. 

Final data since 2006:Q1. 

14. Life insurance companies 

 (tables F.117 and L.117) 

All data through 2005:Q4; preliminary 

data for 2006:Q1. 

Final data since 2006:Q1. 

 

15. Private pension funds 

 (tables F.118 and L.118) 

Quarterly data through 2006:Q2; 

Internal Revenue Service/Department 

of Labor/Pension Benefit Guaranty 

Corporation Form 5500 data through 

2002. 

Form 5500 data since 2002. 

16. State and local government 

 employee retirement funds 

 (tables F.119 and L.119) 

Selected financial assets through 

2006:Q1 from Census data and the 

comprehensive annual financial reports 

of state and local pension funds. 

Data for 2006:Q2. 

17. Federal government retirement 

 funds 

 (tables F.120 and L.120) 

Data from the Monthly Treasury 

Statement, the Thrift Savings Plan, and 

the National Railroad Retirement 

Investment Trust through 2006:Q2. 

None. 

18. Money market mutual 

 funds 

 (tables F.121 and L.121) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

19. Mutual funds 

 (tables F.122 and L.122) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

20. Closed-end funds 

 (tables F.123 and L.123) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

4 
21. Exchange-traded funds 

 (tables F.123 and L.123) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

22. Government-sponsored 

 enterprises 

 (tables F.124 and L.124) 

Data for FHLBs, Farmer Mac, FCS, 

FICO and REFCORP through 

2006:Q2. Complete data for Fannie 

Mae through 2004:Q2 and for Freddie 

Mac through 2005:Q2. 

Much of the source data for 

Fannie Mae beginning in 

2004:Q3 and for Freddie Mac 

beginning in 2005:Q3. 

23. Agency- and GSE-backed 

 mortgage pools 

 (tables F.125 and L.125) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

24. Issuers of asset-backed 

 securities (ABSs) 

 (tables F.126 and L.126) 

All data for private mortgage pools, 

consumer credit, business loans, 

student loans, consumer leases, and 

trade credit securitization through 

2006:Q2. 

None. 

25. Finance companies 

 (tables F.127 and L.127) 

All data through 2006:Q2. None. 

26. Real estate investment 

 trusts (REITs) 

 (tables F.128 and L.128) 

Data from SNL REIT DataSource 

through 2006:Q2. 

None. 

27. Security brokers and 

 dealers 

 (tables F.129 and L.129) 

Data for firms filing FOCUS and 

FOGS reports through 2006:Q2. 

None. 

28. Funding corporations 

 (tables F.130 and L.130) 

Estimates for this sector are largely residuals and are derived from data for 

other sectors. 

5