IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO

Magistrate Judge Kathleen M. Tafoya

Civil Action No. 11–cv–02754–MSK–KMT

LIBERTY MEDIA HOLDINGS, LLC,

Plaintiff,

v. 

SHENG GAN f/k/a PROTECTED DOMAIN SERVICES CUSTOMER NCR-3356109 d/b/a

SITERIPKING.COM, and

JOHN DOES 2-10, 

Defendants.

ORDER

This matter is before the court on “Plaintiff’s Second Ex Parte Motion for Early

Discovery.” (Doc. No. 24, filed Mar. 8, 2012 [Mot.]), as well as Plaintiff’s “Status Report”

(Doc. No. 25, filed Mar. 8, 2012 [Status Rpt.]). 

In its, Motion, Plaintiff seeks to conduct additional discovery, prior to the conference

provided for by Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(f), to discover the true and correct location of Defendant

Sheng Gan (hereinafter “Defendant”). Specifically, Plaintiff seeks a court order permitting it to

issue subpoenas to Google’s services YouTube.com and gmail.com; Mozilla; douban.com;

DashX Entertainment; Bluehost.com; and to other third parties. Additionally, Plaintiff seeks

permission to serve interrogatories on, and/or conduct the depositions of, any individual

Case 1:11-cv-02754-MSK-KMT Document 27 Filed 03/23/12 USDC Colorado Page 1 of 5
2

identified by the above subpoenas in order to determine Defendant’s true location. For the

following reasons, Plaintiff’s Motion is granted in part and denied in part. 

As background, Plaintiff has already sought, and been granted, relief to conduct

discovery prior to the Rule 26(f) conference. (See Doc. No. 12, filed Nov. 9, 2011.) Based on

that discovery, Plaintiff was able to identify Defendant by name—Defendant was previously

identified as a John Doe Defendant—and, consequently, Plaintiff amended its Complaint

accordingly. (See Doc. No. 14, filed Dec. 29, 2011.) However, Plaintiff was unable to discover

Defendant’s location. As such, Plaintiff sought permission from the court to serve Defendant by

alternative means pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(f)(3)—first by email addresses it believed were

held by Defendant, and then by publication on an internet website. (See Doc. Nos. 15 & 18.) 

The court denied Plaintiff this relief based on concerns that Plaintiff’s proposed method of

alternative service failed to comply with constitutional notions of due process. (See Doc. Nos.

17 & 21.) Accordingly, Plaintiff now seeks to redouble its efforts to locate Defendant. 

As outlined in the court’s prior Order permitting Plaintiff to conduct expedited discovery,

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(d) generally provides that formal discovery will not

commence until after the parties have conferred as required by Rule 26(f). Qwest

Communications Int’l, Inc. v. Worldquest Networks, Inc., 213 F.R.D. 418, 419 (D. Colo. 2003).

However, Rule 26(d) goes on to explain that discovery may be conducted prior to a Rule 26(f)

conference “when authorized by . . . court order.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(d); Arista Records, LLC v.

John Does 1-19, 551 F.Supp.2d 1, 6 (D.D.C. 2008). In this district, courts have permitted such

expedited discovery upon a showing of good cause. Pod-Ners v. Northern Feed & Bean of

Case 1:11-cv-02754-MSK-KMT Document 27 Filed 03/23/12 USDC Colorado Page 2 of 5
3

Lucerne Ltd., 204 F.R.D. 675, 676 (D. Colo. 2002) (citing Yokohama Tire Corp. v. Dealers Tire

Supply, Inc., 202 F.R.D. 612, 614 (D. Ariz. 2001)) (finding good cause exists for expedited

discovery in cases involving infringement and unfair competition).

The court finds that Plaintiff has demonstrated good cause to serve subpoenas pursuant to

Rule 45. Thus far, Plaintiff has commendably utilized the discovery mechanisms previously

made available to it by the court to identify Defendant. However, those efforts will likely be for

naught if Plaintiff is foreclosed from conducting additional discovery to determine Defendant’s

location. Despite Plaintiff’s better efforts, its inability to discover Defendant’s whereabouts has

prevented Plaintiff from serving Defendant in a manner consistent with both Fed. R. Civ. P. 4

and constitutional due process. Additionally, 47 U.S.C. § 551 prohibits cable operators from

disclosing personally identifiable information pertaining to subscribers without the subscriber’s

express consent unless there is “a court order authorizing such disclosure.” 47 U.S.C. §

551(c)(2)(B). Thus, Plaintiff reasonably believes that there are no practical methods to discover

Defendant’s location without additional court-ordered discovery. Having considered Plaintiff’s

arguments, the court finds that such discovery is necessary “before this suit can progress

further,” Arista Records, 551 F. Supp. 2d at 3, and that, as a consequence, Plaintiff has shown

good cause to serve subpoenas pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 45 on Google’s services

YouTube.com and gmail.com; Mozilla; douban.com; DashX Entertainment; Bluehost.com; and

other third parties prior to the Rule 26(f) conference. 

However, the court will not permit Plaintiff to serve interrogatories or, at this juncture,

conduct depositions of individuals identified through its Rule 45 subpoena efforts. First, as to

Case 1:11-cv-02754-MSK-KMT Document 27 Filed 03/23/12 USDC Colorado Page 3 of 5
4

serving interrogatories, Fed. R. Civ. P. 33 only permits a party to serve interrogatories on another

party. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(a)(1). Plaintiff has not suggested that any of the individuals it will

identify via serving Rule 45 subpoenas are parties to this litigation. 

Second, as to conducting depositions, Rule 30(a)(2) provides that

A party must obtain leave of court, and the court must grant leave to the extent

consistent with Rule 26(b)(2) . . . if the parties have not stipulated to the

deposition and . . . the party seeks to take the deposition before the time specified

in Rule 26(d), unless the parties certifies in the notice, with supporting facts, that

the deponent is expected to leave the United States and be unavailable for

examination in this country after that time.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(a)(2)(A)(iii). Here, as Plaintiff has not identified any of the individuals that it

seeks to depose, it has not intimated that its proposed deponents are expected to leave the United

States and not return. More importantly, for the same reason, the court is unable to determine

whether Plaintiff’s proposed depositions are consistent with Rule 26(b)(2) and Rule 45. See,

e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2)(iii) (Providing that the court must limit the frequency or extent of

discovery to the extent it determines that the burden or expense of the proposed discovery

outweighs its likely benefit). Indeed, the court finds that granting Plaintiff such carte blanche

authority to conduct depositions prior to the Rule 26(f) conference would be inconsistent with

Rule 30(a)(2). Accordingly, the court will instead consider Plaintiff’s request to conduct such

depositions if and when Plaintiff files an appropriate motion to conduct the deposition of

particular individual(s). 

Finally, in its Status Report, Plaintiff seeks an extension of time to serve Defendant as it

is “exerting good faith efforts to efficiently and accurately locate and serve the Defendant

Case 1:11-cv-02754-MSK-KMT Document 27 Filed 03/23/12 USDC Colorado Page 4 of 5
5

through proper legal channels.” (Status Rpt. at 2.) Because the court finds that Plaintiff has thus

far made diligent efforts to serve Defendant and that the pre-Rule 26(f) conference discovery

authorized in this Order may assist Plaintiff in ascertaining a more precise location at which to

properly serve Defendant, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m), the court grants Plaintiff an

additional 90 days to serve Defendant consistent with Fed. R. Civ. P. 4. 

Therefore, it is 

ORDERED that “Plaintiff’s Second Ex Parte Motion for Early Discovery” (Doc. No. 24)

is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART. Plaintiff’s Motion is GRANTED insofar as

Plaintiff is permitted to serve subpoenas pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 45 on Google’s services

YouTube.com and gmail.com; Mozilla; douban.com; DashX Entertainment; Bluehost.com; and

other third parties prior to the Rule 26(f) conference. This order is made pursuant to 47 U.S.C. §

551(c)(2)(B). Plaintiff’s Motion is DENIED to the extent that Plaintiff seeks to serve

interrogatories on, and conduct the depositions of, individuals not yet identified through their

Rule 45 subpoena efforts. 

It is further 

ORDERED that Plaintiff shall serve Defendant pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 no later than

June 21, 2012. 

Dated this 23rd day of March, 2012.

Case 1:11-cv-02754-MSK-KMT Document 27 Filed 03/23/12 USDC Colorado Page 5 of 5