[Federal Register Volume 73, Number 196 (Wednesday, October 8, 2008)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 58913-58922]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: E8-23877]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R07-OAR-2008-0538; FRL-8726-8]


Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; State of 
Missouri

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to 
grant conditional approval of Missouri's attainment demonstration State 
Implementation Plan (SIP) for the lead National Ambient Air Quality 
Standard (NAAQS) nonattainment area of Herculaneum, Missouri. The state 
asserts that it will adopt and submit specific enforceable measures to 
EPA by date certain, which will be no later than one year following any 
EPA approval of the plan, in order to meet the conditions described in 
this proposal. EPA proposes conditional approval because Missouri's SIP 
submission provides substantial progress toward improving air quality, 
and Missouri has committed to submitting a SIP revision to meet all 
applicable requirements of the Clean Air Act.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before November 7, 2008.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R07-
OAR-2008-0538, by one of the following methods:
    1. http://www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for 
submitting comments.
    2. E-mail: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#9ee7f1edf6f7f3ebecffb0f9e9fbf0defbeeffb0f9f1e8"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d9a0b6aab1b0b4acabb8f7beaebcb799bca9b8f7beb6af">[email protected]</span></a>.
    3. Mail, Hand Delivery or Courier: Gwen Yoshimura, Environmental 
Protection Agency, Air Planning and Development Branch, 901 North 5th 
Street, Kansas City, Kansas 66101.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R07-OAR-
2008-0538. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included 
in the public docket without change and may be made available online at 
http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information 
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be 
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose 
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you 
consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through http://www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The http://www.regulations.gov Web site 
is an ``anonymous access'' system, which

[[Page 58914]]

means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you 
provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e-mail comment 
directly to EPA without going through http://www.regulations.gov, your 
e-mail address will be automatically captured and included as part of 
the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on 
the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that 
you include your name and other contact information in the body of your 
comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket. All documents in the electronic docket are listed in the 
http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Environmental 
Protection Agency, Air Planning and Development Branch, 901 North 5th 
Street, Kansas City, Kansas. EPA requests that you contact the person 
listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section to schedule your 
inspection. The interested persons wanting to examine these documents 
should make an appointment with the office at least 24 hours in 
advance.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gwen Yoshimura at (913) 551-7073, or 
e-mail her at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#31485e4259585c4443501f5646545f715441501f565e47"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b9c0d6cad1d0d4cccbd897decedcd7f9dcc9d897ded6cf">[email protected]</span></a>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document ``we,'' ``us,'' or 
``our'' refer to EPA.

Table of Contents

I. Background
    A. The SIP Process
    1. What is a SIP?
    2. What is the Federal approval process for a SIP?
    3. What does Federal approval of a state regulation mean to me?
    B. Background for the Proposal
II. Technical Review of the Submittal
    A. Summary of the State Submittal
    1. Facility Description
    2. Model Selection, Meteorological and Emissions Inventory Input 
Data
    3. Modeling Results
    4. Control Strategy
    5. Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) Including 
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
    6. Reasonable Further Progress (RFP)
    7. New Source Review (NSR)
    8. Contingency Measures
    9. Enforceability
III. Proposed Action
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background

A. The SIP Process

1. What is a SIP?
    Section 110 of the Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) requires states to 
develop air pollution regulations and control strategies to ensure that 
state air quality meets the national ambient air quality standards 
established by EPA. These ambient standards are established under 
section 109 of the CAA, and they currently address six criteria 
pollutants. These pollutants are: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, 
ozone, lead, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide.
    Each state must submit these regulations and control strategies to 
us for approval and incorporation into the Federally-enforceable SIP. 
Each Federally-approved SIP protects air quality primarily by 
addressing air pollution at its point of origin. These SIPs can be 
extensive, containing state regulations or other enforceable documents 
and supporting information such as emission inventories, monitoring 
networks, and modeling demonstrations.
2. What is the Federal approval process for a SIP?
    In order for state regulations to be incorporated into the 
Federally-enforceable SIP, states must formally adopt the regulations 
and control strategies consistent with state and Federal requirements. 
This process generally includes a public notice, public hearing, public 
comment period, and a formal adoption by a state-authorized rulemaking 
body.
    Once a state rule, regulation, or control strategy is adopted, the 
state submits it to EPA for inclusion into the Federally-approved SIP. 
We must provide public notice and seek additional public comment 
regarding the proposed Federal action on the state submission. If 
adverse comments are received, they must be addressed prior to any 
final Federal action by EPA.
    All state regulations and supporting information approved by EPA 
under section 110 of the CAA are incorporated into the Federally-
approved SIP. Records of such SIP actions are maintained in the Code of 
Federal Regulations (CFR) at Title 40, Part 52, entitled Approval and 
Promulgation of Implementation Plans. The actual state regulations 
which are approved are not reproduced in their entirety in the CFR 
outright but are incorporated by reference, which means that EPA has 
approved a given state regulation with a specific effective date.
3. What does Federal approval of a state regulation mean to me?
    Enforcement of the state regulation before and after it is 
incorporated into the Federally-approved SIP is primarily a state 
responsibility. However, after the regulation is Federally approved, 
EPA is authorized to take enforcement action against violators. 
Citizens are also offered legal recourse to address violations as 
described in section 304 of the CAA.

B. Background for the Proposal

    The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the National 
Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for lead on October 5, 1978 (43 FR 
46246). The NAAQS for lead is set at a level of 1.5 micrograms (mug) of 
lead per cubic meter (m\3\) of air, averaged over a calendar quarter.
    During the 1980s and 1990s, Missouri submitted and EPA approved a 
number of State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions for lead to address 
ambient lead concentrations in various areas of the state. One such 
area was Herculaneum, Missouri, where a primary lead smelter has been 
in operation since 1892. The primary lead smelter is currently owned 
and operated by the Doe Run Resources Company (hereafter referred to as 
``Doe Run''). Doe Run-Herculaneum is the only currently operating 
primary lead smelter in the United States.
    The city of Herculaneum was designated nonattainment for lead in 
1991 (56 FR 56694, November 6, 1991, codified at 40 CFR 81.326), 
pursuant to new authorities provided by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 
1990. The state also became subject to new SIP requirements under part 
D, Title I of the Act, added by the 1990 amendments. A revised SIP 
meeting the part D requirements was subsequently submitted in 1994. The 
plan established June 30, 1995, as the date by which the Herculaneum 
area was to attain compliance with the lead standard. However, the plan 
did not result in attainment of the standard and monitored ambient air 
lead concentrations in the Herculaneum area continued to show 
exceedances of the standard. Therefore, on August 15, 1997, after 
taking and responding to public comments, EPA published a notice in the 
Federal Register (62 FR

[[Page 58915]]

43647) finding that the Herculaneum nonattainment area had failed to 
attain the lead standard by the June 30, 1995, deadline.
    On January 10, 2001, Missouri submitted a revised SIP to EPA for 
the Herculaneum area. The SIP contained control measures to reduce lead 
emissions to attain the standard, including building enclosure and 
ventilation projects, implementation of work practice standards, 
process throughput restrictions and hours of operation limitations. As 
required by section 172(c)(9) of the Act, the plan also included 
contingency measures to be implemented in the event that there were 
future exceedances of the lead standard in Herculaneum. These consisted 
of additional building enclosures and process controls, and a 
production curtailment measure. A 2000 Work Practices Manual, 2001 
Consent Judgment, and Missouri rule 10 CSR 10-6.120 ``Restriction of 
Emissions of Lead from Specific Lead Smelter-Refinery Installations'' 
were also included as part of the SIP submittal. The SIP established 
August 14, 2002, as the attainment date for the area. The plan included 
permitting, monitoring, and reporting requirements, an emissions 
inventory, implementation of all reasonably available control measures 
as expeditiously as practicable, provided for attainment of the NAAQS 
as demonstrated using modeling, provisions for reasonable further 
progress and implementation of contingency measures, and assurances 
that the state would be able to implement the plan, thereby satisfying 
the CAA section 172(c) nonattainment plan provision requirements. EPA 
approved the SIP on April 16, 2002 (67 FR 18497).
    Doe Run and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) 
operate co-located monitors at the Broad Street and Main Street/City 
Hall monitoring locations (in addition to other lead monitoring 
locations in the nonattainment area). These monitors are used to show 
whether or not the area is in attainment of the standard. Following the 
August 2002 attainment date, the Herculaneum area monitored attainment 
of the lead standard for 10 consecutive calendar quarters. In 2005, air 
quality monitors in the area again reported exceedances of the 1.5 
[mu]g/m\3\ lead NAAQS in the first two calendar quarters in 2005. 
Monitored values are quality assured by MDNR and properly entered into 
the Air Quality System, EPA's repository for ambient air monitoring 
data. The values for the first two quarters of 2005 exceed the 1.5 
[mu]g/m\3\ lead standard and, therefore, constitute exceedances of the 
standard for each quarter.
    Typically, an exceedance would trigger implementation of a 
contingency measure. The first set of contingency measures, consisting 
of additional building enclosures and process controls, was fully 
implemented by Doe Run prior to any monitored exceedances of the lead 
NAAQS. The second contingency measure, a production curtailment, was 
implemented following exceedance of the lead standard in the first and 
second calendar quarters of 2005. Despite implementation of all 
contingency measures, air monitors in Herculaneum recorded values above 
the 1.5 [mu]g/m\3\ lead standard in the third quarter of 2005.
    Because the exceedance recorded in the third quarter of 2005 
occurred despite implementation of all the control measures contained 
in the SIP, including all contingency measures developed and 
implemented to address exceedances, EPA proposed a SIP call on December 
19, 2005 (70 FR 75093). The SIP call proposed to find the SIP 
substantially inadequate to attain and maintain the NAAQS for lead and 
proposed to require the state to revise the lead SIP for Herculaneum.
    EPA finalized the SIP call on April 14, 2006 (71 FR 19432). The SIP 
call notified the state of EPA's finding that the SIP was substantially 
inadequate to provide for attainment and maintenance of the lead NAAQS 
in Herculaneum, and required the state to submit a revised SIP. Section 
110(k)(5) of the CAA provides that after EPA makes a finding that a 
plan is substantially inadequate, it may establish a reasonable 
deadline for correcting the deficiencies, but the date can be no later 
than 18 months after the state is notified of the finding. Based on a 
number of considerations detailed in the final rule, the SIP call 
required submission of the revisions within 12 months following date of 
signature of the final rulemaking.
    Along with a deadline for SIP submittal by the state to EPA, the 
final SIP call established the date by which the state must demonstrate 
attainment of the standard in Herculaneum. Sections 110(k)(5) and 
172(d) of the Act provide that EPA may adjust any SIP deadlines that 
are applicable under the Act, except that the attainment date may not 
be adjusted unless it has elapsed. For Herculaneum, the attainment date 
had been August 2002 (five years after the state was notified that the 
area failed to attain). The attainment date had elapsed, and the area 
was not attaining the standard. The attainment date could therefore be 
adjusted pursuant to section 110(k)(5) and section 172(d) of the Act, 
and the state was required to provide for attainment as expeditiously 
as practicable. Based on information described in the final SIP call 
rule, EPA established an attainment date of April 7, 2008, two years 
from the date of signature of the final rulemaking. MDNR formally 
commented in support of the timelines contained in the SIP call, 
including the SIP submittal deadline and attainment date.
    EPA required MDNR to submit several specific plan elements to EPA 
in order to correct the inadequacy of the SIP. These specific elements 
were: (1) A revised emissions inventory, (2) a modeling demonstration 
showing what reductions would be needed to bring the area back into 
attainment of the lead NAAQS, (3) adoption of measures to achieve the 
reductions determined necessary by the modeled attainment 
demonstration, with enforceable schedules for implementing the measures 
as expeditiously as practicable, and (4) contingency measures meeting 
the requirements of Section 172(c)(9) of the CAA.
    MDNR completed its revision to the SIP, and on April 26, 2007, the 
Missouri Air Conservation Commission approved the SIP revision after 
completing the required public notification, public hearing and comment 
period. On May 31, 2007, EPA received Missouri's revised SIP for the 
Herculaneum area. MDNR submitted supplemental information to EPA on 
March 19, 2008.
    Since the SIP call was issued in April 2006, Herculaneum air 
monitors have recorded additional exceedances of the quarterly lead 
NAAQS. In total, since the third quarter of 2002, exceedances have 
occurred in the: First, second, third quarters of 2005; first, third, 
fourth quarters of 2006; second and third quarters of 2007; and the 
first quarter (January-March) of 2008. The SIP submittal establishes 
April 7, 2008, as the attainment date and requires implementation of 
all measures required for attainment by that date.

II. Technical Review of the Submittal

A. Summary of the State Submittal

    This SIP builds upon technical information and tools developed 
under the previous SIP, improving upon and adding to this information 
to more accurately model current conditions. EPA proposed, and MDNR 
agreed, that a shortened timeframe for developing the control strategy 
was appropriate given the substantial amount of technical information 
already available, early initiation of discussions between the source 
(Doe Run) and the state, and

[[Page 58916]]

the significance of lead as a public health concern. The resulting SIP 
thus builds and improves upon previous demonstrations to show 
attainment under current conditions.
    Several elements are typically included to produce an attainment 
demonstration. A computer model is selected to predict concentrations 
of the pollutant (in this case, lead) in the air under different 
scenarios. The model requires input data, including an emissions 
inventory for the identified sources and meteorological data for use in 
simulating different weather conditions. Information such as actual 
monitored concentrations and filter data may be used to assess the 
model's accuracy. Finally, control measures are developed and inserted 
into the model. A successful attainment demonstration shows that the 
area will attain the standard if all enforceable conditions, including 
the proposed control measures, are met.
    The SIP must contain legally enforceable emissions limitations and 
other measures necessary to attain the NAAQS as expeditiously as 
practicable, as required by Section 110(a)(2) of the Act. The SIP 
submitted by MDNR contains two regulatory documents: (1) The May 2007 
Consent Judgment between the state of Missouri, Missouri Department of 
Natural Resources (MDNR), Missouri Air Conservation Commission (MACC), 
and the Doe Run Resources Company, containing control requirements, 
associated implementation schedules, and contingency measures, and (2) 
the January 2007 Doe Run Herculaneum Smelter Work Practices Manual 
(WPM), specifying operational procedures, recordkeeping, and required 
practices. Missouri rule 10 CSR 10-6.120 complements this SIP revision 
and has been previously approved by EPA (see generally, 71 FR 33622, 
June 12, 2006, for EPA's approval of the most recent revision). In 
addition, the provisions of paragraphs (B) and (C) of the January 2001 
Consent Judgment, approved as part of the 2002 SIP, remain in full 
force and effect, except when inconsistent with the 2007 Consent 
Judgment. MDNR has provided an explanation of the differences between 
the two documents, and a justification for the changes from the 2001 
Consent Judgment to the 2007 Consent Judgment. The 2001 and 2007 
Consent Judgment, 2007 Work Practices Manual, and additional SIP 
package documents may be found in the docket for this rulemaking. The 
reader is also referred to EPA's technical support document contained 
in the docket for a more complete discussion of the SIP development and 
requirements.
1. Facility Description
    The Doe Run-Herculaneum facility was opened in 1892 and is the only 
primary lead smelter currently operating in the United States. The 
annual total production capacity of the facility is approximately 
250,000 tons of refined lead.
    The primary lead smelting process begins with lead concentrate. Doe 
Run-owned mining and milling operations located in southeastern 
Missouri are the primary source of Doe Run-Herculaneum's lead ore and 
lead concentrate. Lead ore, typically 45 percent to 50 percent lead by 
weight, is mined from underground ore deposits. The ore is crushed and 
then processed into lead concentrate at the mills. Lead concentrate 
contains approximately 75 percent lead by weight. Lead concentrate was 
previously transported from the mines/mills to the Herculaneum smelter 
by rail, but since 2002 has been transported exclusively by truck to 
Herculaneum. Once delivered to the Herculaneum primary lead smelter, 
the process of smelting the lead concentrate into high purity lead can 
be divided into three main steps: Sintering, reducing (smelting), and 
refining.
    Once delivered to Herculaneum, the concentrate is first processed 
through the sinter plant. The concentrate is mixed and crushed with 
other feedstock materials such as silica, iron ore, and limestone 
fluxes. Recycled process material such as returned sinter, blast 
furnace slag, and baghouse fume may also be added to this mixture to 
produce the sinter feed. A thin layer of sinter feed enters the sinter 
machine and is ignited by a series of natural gas burners. A main 
sinter feed layer is then laid on top of this ignition layer. This 
layered sinter bed enters the updraft portion of the sinter machine, 
where air is drawn across the sinter bed from the bottom to the top, 
driving the thermal reaction. The lead sulfide contained in the feed is 
oxidized, producing lead oxide and releasing sulfur dioxide. Off-gasses 
from the sintering process are sent to a baghouse which removes 
particulate matter. The off-gasses continue on to the acid plant where 
sulfur dioxide is recovered as sulfuric acid. The sinter machine 
produces a continuous feed of sinter cake (also called sinter roast) 
which is crushed and sorted by size. The larger pieces are transported 
to the blast furnace or to temporary storage, while the undersized 
pieces return to the mix room to await reprocessing through the sinter 
machine.
    Smelting takes place in Doe Run-Herculaneum's blast furnaces. 
Sinter cake is mixed with coke and other feed materials and transferred 
to the top of a furnace. Air feeds through the bottom of the furnace, 
resulting in coke combustion. The coke combustion heats the sinter cake 
to approximately 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit and produces carbon monoxide. 
The carbon monoxide reacts with lead and other metal oxides to produce 
molten lead, waste slag, and carbon dioxide. The lead bullion settles 
to the bottom of the furnace, where it is tapped into holding pots and 
transferred to the drossing area for further refining. The slag (a 
sand-like byproduct with small amounts of lead, copper, zinc, and other 
materials) floats to the top of the furnace, is tapped off and either 
recycled back into the sinter feed or transported to the slag storage 
area at the south end of the facility. Impurities are further separated 
and removed from the lead in the dross/refinery departments. The lead 
bullion from the blast furnace is first transferred to one of the large 
drossing kettles where it is allowed to cool. As the bullion cools, 
copper, nickel, and other impurities are skimmed from the surface 
layer, known as the ``dross.'' Next, the decopperized lead is 
transferred to a series of natural gas-heated refining kettles where 
additional impurities are removed. Zinc is added to the lead to 
facilitate the removal of silver. The zinc-silver dross that forms at 
the surface of the kettle is removed and then further processed in 
order to recover the silver. Excess zinc is removed by vacuum 
distillation and chemical conversion. The resulting lead is more than 
99.999 percent pure and is cast into 60-pound and 100-pound pigs, as 
well as 1-ton ingots. Precise amounts of other metals may be added to 
the molten lead in order to produce lead alloys for specific industrial 
uses.
2. Model Selection, Meteorological and Emissions Inventory Input Data
    When determining what model would be most appropriate to use for 
the Herculaneum SIP control strategy modeling, EPA and MDNR considered 
use of Industrial Source Complex Short-Term (ISC3P), CALPUFF, and 
AERMOD models. The selected model needed to be able to represent 
terrain, emission sources, meteorological conditions, and other 
parameters. All three models were deemed adequate to characterize 
conditions at Herculaneum. MDNR and EPA also wanted to be able to 
perform a model performance evaluation on the selected model using 
recent data. A model performance evaluation allows verification that 
the model is accurately characterizing emissions from specific

[[Page 58917]]

sources and accurately predicting air concentrations. For Herculaneum, 
the model performance evaluation would take advantage of recent 
monitored concentration data and filter data. The model would be run 
using meteorological data and emissions information from the same time 
period as the monitored air concentration and filter data, allowing for 
a direct comparison between the modeled results and the monitored 
information. Unfortunately, the on-site meteorological station did not 
consistently collect a full suite of data over the time period in 
question. The data it did collect, supplemented with data from a nearby 
met station, was adequate for use in the ISC model. Calculations used 
in the AERMOD and CALPUFF models rely on a larger suite of 
meteorological parameters and do not work well with supplemental, off-
site information. Therefore, MDNR and EPA concluded that recent 
available meteorological data were not of sufficient quantity or 
quality to perform a model performance evaluation in the newer CALPUFF 
or AERMOD models. ISC3P requires a smaller suite of meteorological data 
inputs, can be used to assess concentrations from several types of 
sources associated with industrial source complexes, can account for 
building downwash, urban or rural dispersion coefficients, flat or 
elevated terrain, and averaging periods from one hour to one year. It 
was therefore selected as an appropriate model for this SIP 
demonstration.
    The model performance evaluation which, as described above, 
compared modeled results against monitored and filter data, was 
conducted using 2005 emission inventory and meteorological information 
as inputs into the model, and 2005 monitored concentration and filter 
data. Once the model evaluation and refinement was complete, the 
attainment demonstration modeling was conducted using quality assured 
meteorological data from April 1997-March 1999 and January-March 2005. 
These nine quarters include a large block of time over which a range of 
meteorological conditions occurred, as well as a more recent quarter of 
data. Concentrations modeled over these nine quarters of meteorological 
data are therefore representative of an assortment of meteorological 
conditions, and using these nine quarters of quality assured data 
provides confidence that the SIP control strategy was evaluated over a 
variety of meteorological conditions.
    As required by Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA, a revised emission 
inventory was developed for this SIP revision. In general, 2005 hourly 
lead emissions were based upon facility daily production records. Many 
of the processes and sources of emissions had not been altered since 
the previous SIP and associated emission rates were assumed to be 
unchanged. Rates were estimated using equations developed from source 
testing at the facility or from published emission factors. In some 
instances, the emission equations include meteorological parameters to 
account for wind-driven emissions. For more information on these SIP 
elements, the reader is referred to the technical support document 
developed by EPA, included in the docket for this rulemaking.
3. Modeling Results
    Actual value dispersion modeling was conducted to determine whether 
the model was performing adequately to pursue attainment demonstration 
modeling. This was determined through three comparisons: (1) 
Determining the model's ability to replicate monitored daily lead 
concentrations, (2) comparing the actual value modeling results with 
filter analysis results, and (3) determining the model's ability to 
replicate averaged actual monitored lead concentrations. The 
meteorological data set used in the actual value/model performance 
modeling was developed from data collected in 2005.
    The first comparison, evaluating the model output versus the 
monitored values on a day-to-day basis, was completed for Broad Street, 
Main Street/City Hall, Bluff, and Dunklin High School monitor sites. 
Overall, the model performed well and matched general increases and 
decreases in daily values. The precise predicted daily concentrations 
varied from the measured concentrations. This was attributed to 
uncertainties in the meteorological measurements, model algorithms, and 
the emission inventory.
    The second comparison looked at the filter analysis versus the 
model. By combining fingerprint data from the previous SIP with updated 
source profiles, the filters were analyzed for the percent contribution 
from several facility source categories. This filter analysis source 
category percentage contribution profile was compared against the 
percentage contribution profile indicated by the modeling. As a result 
of these comparisons, the state modelers identified a modeled under-
prediction of sinter building fugitives. This was subsequently 
corrected in the modeling. Model results were compiled after the 
identified problems were corrected and compared against the filter 
analysis. The filter analysis and model results showed reasonable 
agreement.
    The third comparison, looking at the model's ability to replicate 
actual quarterly monitored lead concentrations, also gave favorable 
results. The Sherman monitoring location was added to the four 
monitoring locations used in the first comparison. The Broad Street 
monitor is the monitor located closest to the smelter and is the 
monitor that has registered the majority of the exceedances since 2002. 
At the Broad Street monitor site the model performed well, over-
predicting at one monitor and under-predicting at the other co-located 
monitor, and closely matching the averaged Broad Street site value. The 
model over-predicted concentrations at the other monitors. The state 
concluded that the model adequately predicted values at Broad Street, 
and gave conservative, possibly high, predicted concentrations at the 
other monitors. These comparisons showed the model performed adequately 
to determine whether the proposed controls would be sufficient to 
provide for attainment of the lead NAAQS.
    Design value modeling was conducted to identify which sources may 
be significant contributors in a hypothetical scenario where all 
processes operated for as many hours as possible, and throughput was as 
high as possible. The design value modeling was completed for a worst-
case scenario without consideration of the 2007 proposed controls and 
without assuming the controls resulting from the previous 2002 SIP. 
Results from this worst-case scenario modeling indicated sources or 
groups of sources that may significantly contribute to lead 
concentrations. Identified source areas included: south-end storage, 
all process building fugitives, Baghouse 7/9 stack, Baghouse 8 stack, 
unloader area, and in-plant roads. The state then examined the 
effectiveness of existing controls and the technological and economic 
feasibility for additional controls at these sources.
    Finally, the control strategy model was developed. The control 
strategy model incorporates all changes made as a result of the actual 
value modeling/model refinement runs, and included all control measures 
contained in the 2007 SIP. This required application of capture and/or 
control efficiencies to a number of emission points, changing stack 
parameters to reflect modified stacks, and limitations on process 
throughputs and/or hours of operation.
    One specific set of control efficiencies included in the control 
strategy modeling was attributed to process

[[Page 58918]]

buildings as a result of operating conditions required by a ventilation 
study. The Consent Judgment requires Doe Run to conduct a building 
ventilation study for the Sinter Building, Blast Furnace Building, and 
Refinery Building. Building openings, ventilation sources with either 
continuous or varying rates of operation, and a procedure for measuring 
inflow into the buildings must be identified within the study. The 
study must also include enforceable conditions developed to ensure that 
particles emitted within the process buildings are being appropriately 
captured by the ventilation systems.
    The ventilation study works together with door closure and building 
siding inspection requirements to achieve an overall objective, or 
control measure, of effective building enclosure. By minimizing 
building openings and ensuring adequate ventilation, the buildings will 
be operated and maintained in such a fashion as to minimize the escape 
of fugitive emissions from the buildings. The SIP requires this overall 
building enclosure control measure, and also requires adequate 
ventilation in each of the process buildings under the ventilation 
study element. The control strategy modeling attributes a control 
efficiency to the overall building enclosure control measure, and this 
control efficiency is included in all attainment demonstration 
calculations. Although the adequate ventilation and overall building 
enclosure control measures are required under the SIP, the SIP does not 
include all necessary enforceable conditions (such as fan amperages or 
flow rates) associated with the ventilation study to ensure that these 
ventilation-related control measures are met. Upon MDNR's approval of 
the ventilation study and its findings, the enforceable conditions 
identified in the study will become part of the Consent Judgment and/or 
Work Practices Manual. MDNR asserts that it will adopt and submit these 
enforceable conditions to EPA by date certain, which will be no later 
than one year following any EPA approval of the plan. See the 
``Proposed Actions'' section of this rulemaking for EPA's proposed 
approach to address this element of the SIP.
    Unless specific hourly or daily operating limitations were applied 
to a process or activity, sources at the plant were modeled based on a 
quarterly average. Many emission sources at Doe Run do not run 
continuously, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. However, in 
order to account for the variety of meteorological conditions simulated 
in the analyses, the model was run using an average emission rate, 
calculated assuming 24-hour operation of these sources.
    One source where emissions are not expected to be uniform across 
all days is roadways. The control strategy modeling attributes a 95 
percent control efficiency to paved in-plant roads and paved truck haul 
routes external to the plant. This control percentage was modeled 
uniformly across all days modeled. Given typical operating conditions, 
the Herculaneum smelter generally experiences somewhat less activity on 
weekends than on weekdays. The wet sweeper is required to operate a 
minimum of Monday through Friday, and the regenerative air sweeper must 
operate Monday through Friday as well as any days concentrate is 
scheduled for delivery. The state attributed a control efficiency of 95 
percent to the sweepers alone. Requirements for a continuously-
operating sprinkler system, truck tarping and truck washing add an 
additional layer of emission controls. An average 95 percent control 
efficiency was attributed to the paved roads for all days modeled. 
Further discussion on road controls may be found in the technical 
support document developed by EPA and included in the docket for this 
rulemaking.
    The resulting maximum predicted quarterly lead concentration from 
the state's control strategy modeling was 1.492 [mu]g/m\3\. The 1.492 
[mu]g/m\3\ concentration includes a calculated background 
concentration. A background concentration is significant due to its 
contribution to the total concentration of lead in ambient air. The 
lead NAAQS requires the concentration of lead, from all sources of lead 
in ambient air, not to exceed 1.5 [mu]g/m\3\. The state emissions 
inventory identified the Doe Run smelter and associated activities as 
the only lead sources near Herculaneum. The state then developed a 
background concentration to account for the contribution to monitored 
concentrations from distant sources of lead, any naturally occurring 
lead in the atmosphere, and sources of lead not captured by the 
Herculaneum lead emissions inventory. It is also possible that the 
calculated background includes secondary (e.g., re-entrained historical 
lead deposition from the plant) or primary impacts from the smelter and 
associated activities, some of which may also be captured by the 
Herculaneum lead emissions inventory. The state believes that in this 
situation, the background concentration would be over-estimated and 
would provide a conservative estimate for the attainment demonstration 
analysis.
    The background concentration was calculated by examining 
concentrations at three geographically dispersed Herculaneum air 
monitors (Ursaline--distant south, Bluff--proximate north, and High 
School--middle scale northwest). MDNR identified days when 
meteorological data indicated the wind was not blowing from the smelter 
toward the individual monitors. The monitored concentrations associated 
with these days were then averaged, resulting in a background 
concentration of 0.063 [mu]g/m\3\. Further detail on how the background 
concentration was calculated may be found in the technical support 
document developed by EPA and included in the docket for this 
rulemaking.
4. Control Strategy
    In order to bring Herculaneum back into attainment of the lead 
NAAQS, MDNR developed a control strategy for Doe Run-Herculaneum. The 
control strategy requires Doe Run-Herculaneum to implement measures to 
control emissions from five general areas: building fugitives, baghouse 
and stack emissions, storage piles, transportation, and emissions 
reductions through production volume and hours of operation 
restrictions. A brief description of controls associated with each 
follows below.
    Several control measures must be implemented to reduce escape of 
process building fugitive emissions to the outside air: (1) Automatic 
door closure mechanization and lock-out procedures, (2) a requirement 
for installation of a south door and specific door closure procedures 
for the Railcar Tipper Building, and (3) building siding inspections 
and maintenance work practices. As discussed in the ``Modeling 
Results'' portion of this proposed rulemaking, a study will establish 
ventilation parameters, such as minimum fan amperages, necessary to 
ensure particle capture by the ventilation systems or particle capture 
within the buildings, and compliance with ventilation specifications 
resulting from the aforementioned study and specifications will be 
required under the Consent Judgment and/or Work Practices Manual. In 
addition, fugitive emissions from specific processes within buildings 
will also be reduced through a number of new controls: (1) Sinter wheel 
ventilation enclosure, (2) blast furnace doghouse ventilation 
improvement and redesign of hoods servicing the front of the furnace, 
(3) automated blast furnace tuyure controls and interlock control 
system, and (4) relocation of blast furnace 1 to reduce ductwork, 
reduce length of the charge

[[Page 58919]]

belt, and potentially increase ventilation flow rates.
    Controls specific to baghouses and stack emissions include: (1) 
Enclosure of the dust handling sections of the Carrier Cooler Baghouse, 
(2) installation of an alarm system for Number 5 Baghouse fans, (3) 
pleated filter installation and use in Number 7 & 9 Baghouse, (4) new 
bags and installation and use of reverse flow technology for bag 
cleaning in Number 3 Baghouse, and (5) visual monitoring of kettle heat 
stacks and work practices to address kettle failures. An additional 
feature of the baghouses is an increased stack height for Number 7 & 9 
Baghouse, and Number 8 Baghouse stacks. (These stack height increases 
remain below good engineering practice heights.)
    Emissions from storage piles and associated materials handling will 
be reduced through: (1) Partial enclosure of the concentrate delivery 
area and full enclosure of the sinter loading area, (2) utilization of 
drop sleeves, (3) minimum moisture content requirements for concentrate 
and fume, and (4) wetting and chemical stabilization of storage piles.
    Transportation-related emissions will be reduced through: (1) Use 
of street sweeping technologies on paved roads both inside and outside 
of the plant, (2) in-plant sprinklers, (3) wetting and chemical 
stabilization of the slag haul road, and (4) haul truck tarp use, tarp 
maintenance, and concentrate truck washing before leaving the facility.
    Finally, the May 2007 Consent Judgment and January 2007 Work 
Practices Manual also include process throughput limitations and hours 
of operation limitations. Process limits are specified for certain 
materials handing operations. Twenty-four hour maximum allowable and/or 
quarterly maximum allowable throughputs are also specified for sinter, 
blast furnace, dross, and refinery production processes. Additional 
requirements are contained in the Consent Judgment and Work Practices 
Manual submitted as part of this SIP and contained in this rule docket.
    EPA requires in 40 CFR part 51, subpart N, that a compliance 
schedule generally provide for compliance as soon as practicable, but 
no later than the attainment date included in the plan. The final SIP 
call required the state to submit a revised SIP no later than April 7, 
2007 (no later than a year after the final SIP call was signed), and 
for Herculaneum to attain the lead NAAQS no later than April 7, 2008. 
EPA afforded only a year for development of the plan, and one year 
after that for implementation of controls. This was done because lead 
is a significant public health concern, technical information from past 
SIP actions was available, and early discussions between the state and 
Doe Run about new controls had taken place. EPA did not believe that 
less than a year was appropriate for development of the plan due to the 
substantial amount of work required to develop a SIP revision. In order 
to develop a revised lead SIP, the state would need to develop a 
revised emissions inventory to characterize the plant's current 
conditions and operations, create a model to reflect conditions at 
Herculaneum, evaluate and refine the model, determine where new 
controls might reduce emissions, evaluate the feasibility of any such 
controls, and develop a control strategy that modeled attainment of the 
standard. In recognition of the time involved with each of these 
efforts, and the amount of time it takes to complete large construction 
projects, EPA believed that the deadlines contained in the SIP call 
would require attainment as expeditiously as practicable.
    A compliance schedule for implementation of controls is detailed in 
the Consent Judgment. All controls described above were included in the 
attainment demonstration modeling (also called the control strategy 
modeling), with the exception of control measures the state felt 
provided reassurances that emissions would be reduced but did not feel 
warranted its own control efficiency. The state's attainment 
demonstration modeling predicted a maximum quarterly concentration of 
1.492 ug/m\3\. Further discussion of the individual controls may be 
found in EPA's technical support document included in this docket. The 
Consent Judgment schedule provides for compliance as expeditiously as 
practicable, but no later than April 7, 2008. EPA believes that the 
control strategy and the compliance schedule contained in the control 
strategy, with the exception of the ventilation controls discussed in 
the ``Proposed Actions'' portion of this document, provide for 
attainment as expeditiously as practicable, and otherwise meet the 
applicable requirements of the Clean Air Act.
5. Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) Including Reasonably 
Available Control Technology (RACT)
    Section 172(c)(1) of the CAA requires nonattainment areas to 
implement all RACM, including emissions reduction through the adoption 
of RACT, as expeditiously as practicable. EPA interprets this as 
requiring all nonattainment areas to consider all available controls 
and to implement all measures that are determined to be reasonably 
available, except that measures which will not assist the area to more 
expeditiously attain the standard are not required to be implemented. 
See 58 FR 67751, December 22, 1993, for a discussion of this 
interpretation as it relates to lead.
    In the April 14, 2006, SIP call, EPA did not list a new RACT 
analysis as a required element of the SIP submittal. Even though not 
required by the 2006 SIP call, a RACT/RACM analysis is still included 
with the 2007 SIP submittal. No additional RACT measures were 
identified that would expedite attainment or reasonable further 
progress, and the plant has not changed significantly from when the 
previous RACT/RACM evaluation was completed. Some previously 
implemented RACT/RACM measures, i.e., types of controls, were 
strengthened through incorporation of more detailed, enforceable work 
practices in the Work Practices Manual. Although not directly relevant 
to RACT/RACM, we note that the Herculaneum primary lead smelter is also 
subject to 40 CFR Part 63 subpart TTT, the Federal MACT standard for 
Primary Lead Smelters. Subpart TTT requires the development and use of 
standard operating procedures manuals for all baghouses controlling 
process, process fugitive, or fugitive lead dust emissions.
    Dispersion modeling analysis was conducted to determine if the 
controls required by the 2007 Consent Judgment control strategy would 
be sufficient to bring the area into attainment of the standard. The 
dispersion modeling submitted by the state showed attainment of the 1.5 
ug/m\3\ standard, demonstrating that the control strategy is adequate 
to bring the area into attainment of the standard. In terms of 
expeditious attainment we again note that the time between the SIP 
submission deadline and the attainment date is only one year, so that 
additional measures which could be implemented within that year and 
achieve reductions before the end of that year would be even less 
likely. For the reasons stated above, EPA proposes to find that no 
additional measures will expedite attainment and that the RACT/RACM 
requirement is met.
6. Reasonable Further Progress (RFP)
    Section 172(c)(2) of the CAA requires SIPs to provide for 
Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) as defined in section 171(1) of the 
CAA. Section 171(1) defines RFP as annual incremental reductions in 
emissions of the relevant air pollutants as required by Part D, or

[[Page 58920]]

emission reductions that may reasonably be required by EPA to ensure 
attainment of the applicable NAAQS by the applicable date. Part D does 
not include specific RFP requirements for lead.
    MDNR has demonstrated RFP as required under section 172(c)(2) of 
the CAA. Doe Run is subject to a compliance schedule for implementing: 
(1) Installation of emission control equipment, (2) enclosure and 
ventilation projects to reduce lead emissions, (3) process throughput 
restrictions and hours of operation limitations, and (4) work practice 
standards. These are but a few of the SIP controls that are enforceable 
through the Consent Judgment and/or the Work Practices Manual. Given 
that all controls contained in the control strategy were required to be 
implemented by April 7, 2008, to provide for attainment by April 7, 
2008, EPA does not believe additional incremental reductions are 
necessary to meet the RFP requirement. EPA also notes that, since all 
of the new controls in the SIP were required to be implemented within 
one year of development of the control strategy (April 2007 to April 
2008), and that these controls have been demonstrated to be adequate 
for attainment, we believe that these controls represent the annual 
reductions necessary for RFP and attainment.
7. New Source Review (NSR)
    Within the CAA, Part D of Title I requires SIP submittals to 
include a permit program for the construction and operation of new and 
modified major stationary sources. The current definition of 
nonattainment areas in Missouri, which for lead includes the city of 
Herculaneum, Missouri, is provided in Missouri rule 10 CSR 10-6.020. 
For installations in a nonattainment area, Missouri rule 10 CSR 10-
6.060 requires a permit for construction of, or major modification to, 
an installation with potential to annually emit one hundred (100) tons 
or more of a nonattainment pollutant, or a permit for a modification at 
a major source with potential to annually emit one thousand two hundred 
(1,200) pounds of lead. The SIP call did not require revision to these 
rules. Both rules have been previously approved by EPA as part of the 
SIP, as meeting the requirements of section 173 of the Clean Air Act, 
and EPA implementing rules in 40 CFR 51.165.
8. Contingency Measures
    As required by CAA section 172(c)(9), the SIP submittal includes 
contingency measures to be implemented if EPA determines that 
Herculaneum has failed to make reasonable further progress, or if the 
area fails to attain the NAAQS by April 7, 2008, as set forth in the 
SIP call (71 FR 19432). If the area has an exceedance of the NAAQS 
during any quarter following the April 7, 2008, attainment date, the 
contingency measures will be implemented according to the schedule 
outlined in the May 2007 Consent Judgment, upon written notification of 
violation from MDNR. MDNR may also require implementation of 
contingency measures if the control strategy projects are not completed 
as required in the Consent Judgment.
    Within six months of receipt of such a notice, Doe Run is required 
to complete contingency measure (a) enclosure of the sinter plant 
``pugger,'' and contingency measure (b) paving of the slag haul road 
from the north end of the blast furnace to the refinery dock. Following 
implementation of these two projects, if any quarter exceeds the 
standard or Doe Run fails to make reasonable further progress (in this 
instance, timely implementation of control measures), MDNR will notify 
Doe Run and contingency measure (c) rerouting of the kettle heat stacks 
to the main stack, is required to be completed within 18 months of 
receipt of the notice.
    In addition, if an exceedance of the quarterly lead NAAQS occurs, 
the quarterly production limit for refined lead is required to be 
reduced to 95% of the actual production during the exceedance quarter. 
The refined lead production limit will be reduced by an additional 5% 
below actual production for each subsequent quarter in which there is 
an exceedance, to a minimum production of 35,000 tons of refined lead 
per calendar quarter. In the event that all monitors show attainment in 
a quarter following a production decrease, the production level for 
refined lead may be increased by 5% of the attainment quarter's actual 
production provided that Doe Run implements additional control measures 
prior to increasing the production level. Doe Run must demonstrate to 
MDNR that these control measures reduce impacts on air quality to an 
equal or greater extent than the increased production limit will 
increase impacts on air quality. In addition, any substitution of 
control measures is subject to EPA approval through the SIP revision 
process described below. Production may increase to a maximum of 62,500 
tons per calendar quarter (the level assumed in the attainment 
demonstration modeling), if the area continues to monitor attainment of 
the NAAQS.
    The Consent Judgment further outlines two additional contingency 
measures to be implemented in the event that exceedances occur after 
implementation of the contingency measures described above. Contingency 
measure (d) requires implementation of contingency measures identified 
as a result of a technological study for fugitive dust control. These 
not-yet identified measures would be implemented within a time frame to 
be determined by Doe Run and MDNR. Contingency measure (e) would 
require installation of dedicated ventilation to the sinter plant or 
implementation of Flubor(copyright) technology at the Herculaneum 
facility. This contingency would be required if an exceedance is 
monitored or Doe Run fails to make reasonable further progress after 
implementation of contingency measure (c) routing of kettle heat stacks 
to the main stack, and contingency measure (d) contingencies identified 
by the fugitive dust control study to be implemented according to a 
currently undefined schedule.
    Section 172(c)(9) of the Act provides that contingency measures 
must be capable of implementation without any further action by the 
state or EPA. While EPA supports implementation of the activities 
described in contingency measures (d) and (e), because these two 
projects do not contain specific requirements and/or associated 
deadlines, EPA does not consider them contingency measures under 
section 172(c)(9) of the Act. EPA therefore proposes to only include 
contingency measures (a) enclosure of the pugger, (b) paving of haul 
road, (c) rerouting of kettle heat stacks, and the percent production 
cuts as contingency measures under the Federally-enforceable SIP.
    Doe Run must notify MDNR within 10 days of completion of any 
contingency measure. Sixty days after completion, Doe Run will propose 
an additional quantified contingency measure to be added to the Consent 
Judgment, which will become part of the Consent Judgment and fully 
enforceable upon approval by MDNR. These additional contingency 
measures will also be subject to EPA approval as part of the SIP. Doe 
Run may also substitute new control(s) for the above contingency 
measure(s) if Doe Run identifies and demonstrates to MDNR and EPA's 
satisfaction the alternate control measure(s) would achieve equal or 
greater air quality improvements as compared to the contingency 
measures currently outlined in the Consent Judgment.

[[Page 58921]]

    Changes to contingency measures would require a public hearing at 
the state level and EPA approval as a formal SIP revision. Until such 
time as EPA approves any substitute measure, the measure included in 
the approved SIP will be the enforceable measure. EPA does not intend 
to approve any substitutions which cannot be implemented in the same 
timeframe as the original. These measures will help ensure compliance 
with the lead NAAQS as well as meet the requirements of Section 
172(c)(9) of the CAA.
9. Enforceability
    As specified in section 172(c)(6) and section 110(a)(2)(A) of the 
CAA, and 57 FR 13556, all measures and other elements in the SIP must 
be enforceable by the state and EPA. Enforceable documents included in 
Missouri's SIP submittal are the May 2007 Consent Judgment and January 
2007 Work Practices Manual. The Consent Judgment contains all control 
and contingency measures with enforceable dates for implementation. The 
only exception relates to the enforceable requirements for the 
ventilation controls, discussed above and in section III below. The 
Consent Judgment also includes monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements to ensure that the control and contingency measures are 
met. The Work Practices Manual includes these, as well as specific 
operating procedures and additional reporting requirements. The state 
adopted both documents into Missouri's state regulations on April 26, 
2007, making them state-enforceable. Upon EPA approval of the SIP 
submission, both documents will become state and Federally enforceable, 
and enforceable by citizens under section 304 of the Act.
    We note that the Consent Judgment also contains provisions for 
stipulated penalties and sanctions should Doe Run fail to comply with 
provisions of the Consent Judgment or Work Practices Manual. EPA is not 
bound by the state's Consent Judgment penalties, and would enforce 
against violations of these documents under section 113 of the Clean 
Air Act or other Federal authorities, rather than the Consent Judgment, 
if it approves the Consent Judgment and Work Practices Manual into the 
SIP.

III. Proposed Action

    In a July 9, 1992, memorandum from John Calcagni, EPA discussed the 
options for actions on SIP submissions. One such option, conditional 
approval, is authorized under section 110(k)(4) of the CAA and is 
available where a rule strengthens the SIP even though the entire 
submittal does not meet all applicable requirements. A conditional 
approval requires a commitment from the state to adopt specific 
enforceable measures within a specific timeframe. The measures must be 
adopted no later than one year from the date of EPA's final conditional 
approval. EPA is proposing to grant conditional approval for Missouri's 
attainment demonstration SIP for the lead National Ambient Air Quality 
Standard nonattainment area of Herculaneum, Missouri. By date certain, 
which will be no later than one year following any EPA approval of the 
plan, the state asserts that it will adopt and submit to EPA 
enforceable measures related to ventilation of the process buildings 
described previously.
    As described in this proposed rulemaking's ``Modeling Results'' 
section, one set of control measures contained in this SIP submittal 
requires creation of enforceable conditions to ensure appropriate 
building ventilation for particle capture. MDNR has not approved 
enforceable conditions such as fan amperages or flow rates related to 
this control. Therefore, although the SIP includes enforceable measures 
(building enclosure and adequate ventilation measures) related to this 
control, the ventilation requirements do not currently contain all 
necessary enforceable conditions to ensure that the provisions are met. 
The ventilation study and resulting reduction in building fugitive 
emissions is a significant element of the proposed control strategy, 
and these projected emissions reductions contribute significantly to 
the control strategy modeling showing attainment. EPA does not believe 
it is appropriate to give full approval to the SIP until the 
ventilation study and associated enforceable conditions are submitted 
by the state, reviewed by EPA, and made available for public comment.
    EPA proposes conditional approval of the SIP as it provides 
substantial progress toward improving air quality, and the state 
asserts that it will adopt and submit the missing elements to EPA by 
date certain, which will be no later than one year following any EPA 
approval of the plan. If EPA reviews and finds the ventilation control 
conditions adequate, EPA will publish and take comment on a 
supplemental proposal relating to the ventilation control conditions. 
This supplemental proposal may include a proposal to fully approve the 
SIP.
    If the state does not submit the control strategy element described 
above by date certain, which will be no later than one year following 
any EPA approval of the plan, and EPA takes final action to 
conditionally approve the revised lead SIP, the conditional approval 
will convert to a disapproval, as provided by section 110(k)(4) of the 
Act. In that instance, all portions of the revision not related to the 
ventilation study portion of the control strategy will remain in 
effect. However, disapproval of the ventilation study portion will 
start a clock for implementation of Clean Air Act sanctions under 
section 179(b), and a clock for promulgation of a Federal 
implementation plan under section 110(c)(1) of the Act.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the Clean Air Act, the Administrator is required to approve a 
SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and 
applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). 
Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state 
choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, 
this proposed action merely approves state law as meeting Federal 
requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those 
imposed by state law. For that reason, this proposed action:
    <bullet> Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
    <bullet> Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
    <bullet> Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
    <bullet> Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-4);
    <bullet> Does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
    <bullet> Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
    <bullet> Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
    <bullet> Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would

[[Page 58922]]

be inconsistent with the Clean Air Act; and
    <bullet> Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).

In addition, this rule does not have tribal implications as specified 
by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because the 
SIP is not approved to apply in Indian country located in the state, 
and EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct costs on 
tribal governments or preempt tribal law.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Carbon monoxide, 
Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Lead, Nitrogen 
dioxide, Ozone, Particulate matter, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Sulfur oxides, Volatile organic compounds.

    Dated: September 30, 2008.
John B. Askew,
Regional Administrator, Region 7.
 [FR Doc. E8-23877 Filed 10-7-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


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