I 

110TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1521 

To provide information, resources, recommendations, and funding to help 

State and local law enforcement enact crime prevention and intervention 

strategies supported by rigorous evidence. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 24, 2007 

Mr. FEINGOLD (for himself and Mr. SPECTER) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 

A BILL 

To provide information, resources, recommendations, and 

funding to help State and local law enforcement enact 

crime prevention and intervention strategies supported 

by rigorous evidence. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Prevention Resources for Eliminating Criminal Activity 

6 Using Tailored Interventions in Our Neighborhoods Act 

7 of 2007’’ or the ‘‘PRECAUTION Act’’. 


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1 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

2 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Purposes. 

Sec. 3. Definitions. 

Sec. 4. National Commission on Public Safety Through Crime Prevention. 

Sec. 5. Innovative crime prevention and intervention strategy grants. 

Sec. 6. Elimination of the Red Planet Capital Venture Capital Program. 

3 SEC. 2. PURPOSES. 

4 The purposes of this Act are to— 

5 (1) establish a commitment on the part of the 

6 Federal Government to provide leadership on suc7 cessful crime prevention and intervention strategies; 

8 (2) further the integration of crime prevention 

9 and intervention strategies into traditional law en10 forcement practices of State and local law enforce11 ment offices around the country; 

12 (3) develop a plain-language, implementation13 focused assessment of those current crime and delin14 quency prevention and intervention strategies that 

15 are supported by rigorous evidence; 

16 (4) provide additional resources to the National 

17 Institute of Justice to administer research and devel18 opment grants for promising crime prevention and 

19 intervention strategies; 

20 (5) develop recommendations for Federal prior21 ities for crime and delinquency prevention and inter22 vention research, development, and funding that 


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1 may augment important Federal grant programs, in2 cluding the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assist3 ance Grant Program under subpart 1 of part E of 

4 title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 

5 Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3750 et seq.), grant 

6 programs administered by the Office of Community 

7 Oriented Policing Services of the Department of 

8 Justice, grant programs administered by the Office 

9 of Safe and Drug-Free Schools of the Department 

10 of Education, and other similar programs; and 

11 (6) reduce the costs that rising violent crime 

12 imposes on interstate commerce. 

13 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

14 In this Act, the following definitions shall apply: 

15 (1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 

16 means the National Commission on Public Safety 

17 Through Crime Prevention established under section 

18 4(a). 

19 (2) RIGOROUS EVIDENCE.—The term ‘‘rigorous 

20 evidence’’ means evidence generated by scientifically 

21 valid forms of outcome evaluation, particularly ran22 domized trials (where practicable). 

23 (3) SUBCATEGORY.—The term ‘‘subcategory’’ 

24 means 1 of the following categories: 


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1 (A) Family and community settings (in2 cluding public health-based strategies). 

3 (B) Law enforcement settings (including 

4 probation-based strategies). 

5 (C) School settings (including antigang 

6 and general antiviolence strategies). 

7 (4) TOP-TIER.—The term ‘‘top-tier’’ means any 

8 strategy supported by rigorous evidence of the siz9 able, sustained benefits to participants in the strat10 egy or to society. 

11 SEC. 4. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON PUBLIC SAFETY 

12 THROUGH CRIME PREVENTION. 

13 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a com14 mission to be known as the National Commission on Pub15 lic Safety Through Crime Prevention. 

16 (b) MEMBERS.— 

17 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall be 

18 composed of 9 members, of whom— 

19 (A) 3 shall be appointed by the President, 

20 1 of whom shall be the Assistant Attorney Gen21 eral for the Office of Justice Programs or a 

22 representative of such Assistant Attorney Gen23 eral; 

24 (B) 2 shall be appointed by the Speaker of 

25 the House of Representatives, unless the SpeakVerDate Aug 31 2005 22:35 May 31, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1521.IS S1521

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1 er is of the same party as the President, in 

2 which case 1 shall be appointed by the Speaker 

3 of the House of Representatives and 1 shall be 

4 appointed by the minority leader of the House 

5 of Representatives; 

6 (C) 1 shall be appointed by the minority 

7 leader of the House of Representatives (in addi8 tion to any appointment made under subpara9 graph (B)); 

10 (D) 2 shall be appointed by the majority 

11 leader of the Senate, unless the majority leader 

12 is of the same party as the President, in which 

13 case 1 shall be appointed by the majority leader 

14 of the Senate and 1 shall be appointed by the 

15 minority leader of the Senate; and 

16 (E) 1 member appointed by the minority 

17 leader of the Senate (in addition to any ap18 pointment made under subparagraph (D)). 

19 (2) PERSONS ELIGIBLE.— 

20 (A) IN GENERAL.—Each member of the 

21 Commission shall be an individual who has 

22 knowledge or expertise in matters to be studied 

23 by the Commission. 

24 (B) REQUIRED REPRESENTATIVES.—At 

25 least— 


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1 (i) 2 members of the Commission 

2 shall be respected social scientists with ex3 perience implementing or interpreting rig4 orous, outcome-based trials; and 

5 (ii) 2 members of the Commission 

6 shall be law enforcement practitioners. 

7 (3) CONSULTATION REQUIRED.—The President, 

8 the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the mi9 nority leader of the House of Representatives, and 

10 the majority leader and minority leader of the Sen11 ate shall consult prior to the appointment of the 

12 members of the Commission to achieve, to the max13 imum extent possible, fair and equitable representa14 tion of various points of view with respect to the 

15 matters to be studied by the Commission. 

16 (4) TERM.—Each member shall be appointed 

17 for the life of the Commission. 

18 (5) TIME FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENTS.—The 

19 appointment of the members shall be made not later 

20 than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 

21 Act. 

22 (6) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the Commission 

23 shall be filled in the manner in which the original 

24 appointment was made, and shall be made not later 


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1 than 60 days after the date on which the vacancy 

2 occurred. 

3 (7) EX OFFICIO MEMBERS.—The Director of 

4 the National Institute of Justice, the Director of the 

5 Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preven6 tion, the Director of the Community Capacity Devel7 opment Office, the Director of the Bureau of Justice 

8 Statistics, the Director of the Bureau of Justice As9 sistance, and the Director of Community Oriented 

10 Policing Services (or a representative of each such 

11 director) shall each serve in an ex officio capacity on 

12 the Commission to provide advice and information to 

13 the Commission. 

14 (c) OPERATION.— 

15 (1) CHAIRPERSON.—At the initial meeting of 

16 the Commission, the members of the Commission 

17 shall elect a chairperson from among its voting 

members, by a vote of 2 18 ⁄3 of the members of the 

19 Commission. The chairperson shall retain this posi20 tion for the life of the Commission. If the chair21 person leaves the Commission, a new chairperson 

shall be selected, by a vote of 2 22 ⁄3 of the members of 

23 the Commission. 

24 (2) MEETINGS.—The Commission shall meet at 

25 the call of the chairperson. The initial meeting of the 


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1 Commission shall take place not later than 30 days 

2 after the date on which all the members of the Com3 mission have been appointed. 

4 (3) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of 

5 the Commission shall constitute a quorum to con6 duct business, and the Commission may establish a 

7 lesser quorum for conducting hearings scheduled by 

8 the Commission. 

9 (4) RULES.—The Commission may establish by 

10 majority vote any other rules for the conduct of 

11 Commission business, if such rules are not incon12 sistent with this Act or other applicable law. 

13 (d) PUBLIC HEARINGS.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall hold 

15 public hearings. The Commission may hold such 

16 hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take 

17 such testimony, and receive such evidence as the 

18 Commission considers advisable to carry out its du19 ties under this section. 

20 (2) FOCUS OF HEARINGS.—The Commission 

21 shall hold at least 3 separate public hearings, each 

22 of which shall focus on 1 of the subcategories. 

23 (3) WITNESS EXPENSES.—Witnesses requested 

24 to appear before the Commission shall be paid the 

25 same fees as are paid to witnesses under section 


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1 1821 of title 28, United States Code. The per diem 

2 and mileage allowances for witnesses shall be paid 

3 from funds appropriated to the Commission. 

4 (e) COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF EVIDENCE-BASED

5 CRIME PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall carry 

7 out a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of 

8 crime and delinquency prevention and intervention 

9 strategies, organized around the 3 subcategories. 

10 (2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The study under 

11 paragraph (1) shall include— 

12 (A) a review of research on the general ef13 fectiveness of incorporating crime prevention 

14 and intervention strategies into an overall law 

15 enforcement plan; 

16 (B) an evaluation of how to more effec17 tively communicate the wealth of social science 

18 research to practitioners; 

19 (C) a review of evidence regarding the ef20 fectiveness of specific crime prevention and 

21 intervention strategies, focusing on those strate22 gies supported by rigorous evidence; 

23 (D) an identification of— 

24 (i) promising areas for further re25 search and development; and 


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1 (ii) other areas representing gaps in 

2 the body of knowledge that would benefit 

3 from additional research and development; 

4 (E) an assessment of the best practices for 

5 implementing prevention and intervention strat6 egies; 

7 (F) an assessment of the best practices for 

8 gathering rigorous evidence regarding the im9 plementation of intervention and prevention 

10 strategies; and 

11 (G) an assessment of those top-tier strate12 gies best suited for duplication efforts in a 

13 range of settings across the country. 

14 (3) INITIAL REPORT ON TOP-TIER CRIME PRE15 VENTION AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES.— 

16 (A) DISTRIBUTION.—Not later than 18 

17 months after the date on which all members of 

18 the Commission have been appointed, the Com19 mission shall submit a public report on the 

20 study carried out under this subsection to— 

21 (i) the President; 

22 (ii) Congress; 

23 (iii) the Attorney General; 

24 (iv) the Chief Federal Public Defender 

25 of each district; 


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1 (v) the chief executive of each State; 

2 (vi) the Director of the Administrative 

3 Office of the Courts of each State; 

4 (vii) the Director of the Administra5 tive Office of the United States Courts; 

6 and 

7 (viii) the attorney general of each 

8 State. 

9 (B) CONTENTS.—The report under sub10 paragraph (A) shall include— 

11 (i) the findings and conclusions of the 

12 Commission; 

13 (ii) a summary of the top-tier strate14 gies, including— 

15 (I) a review of the rigorous evi16 dence supporting the designation of 

17 each strategy as top-tier; 

18 (II) a brief outline of the keys to 

19 successful implementation for each 

20 strategy; and 

21 (III) a list of references and 

22 other information on where further in23 formation on each strategy can be 

24 found; 


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1 (iii) recommended protocols for imple2 menting crime and delinquency prevention 

3 and intervention strategies generally; 

4 (iv) recommended protocols for evalu5 ating the effectiveness of crime and delin6 quency prevention and intervention strate7 gies; and 

8 (v) a summary of the materials relied 

9 upon by the Commission in preparation of 

10 the report. 

11 (C) CONSULTATION WITH OUTSIDE AU12 THORITIES.—In developing the recommended 

13 protocols for implementation and rigorous eval14 uation of top-tier crime and delinquency preven15 tion and intervention strategies under this para16 graph, the Commission shall consult with the 

17 Committee on Law and Justice at the National 

18 Academy of Science and with national associa19 tions representing the law enforcement and so20 cial science professions, including the National 

21 Sheriffs’ Association, the Police Executive Re22 search Forum, the International Association of 

23 Chiefs of Police, the Consortium of Social 

24 Science Associations, and the American Society 

25 of Criminology. 


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1 (f) RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING DISSEMINATION

2 OF THE INNOVATIVE CRIME PREVENTION AND INTER3 VENTION STRATEGY GRANTS.— 

4 (1) SUBMISSION.— 

5 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days 

6 after the date of the final hearing under sub7 section (d) relating to a subcategory, the Com8 mission shall provide the Director of the Na9 tional Institute of Justice with recommenda10 tions on qualifying considerations relating to 

11 that subcategory for selecting grant recipients 

12 under section 5. 

13 (B) DEADLINE.—Not later than 13 

14 months after the date on which all members of 

15 the Commission have been appointed, the Com16 mission shall provide all recommendations re17 quired under this subsection. 

18 (2) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The recommenda19 tions provided under paragraph (1) shall include rec20 ommendations relating to— 

21 (A) the types of strategies for the applica22 ble subcategory that would best benefit from 

23 additional research and development; 

24 (B) any geographic or demographic tar25 gets; 


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1 (C) the types of partnerships with other 

2 public or private entities that might be perti3 nent and prioritized; and 

4 (D) any classes of crime and delinquency 

5 prevention and intervention strategies that 

6 should not be given priority because of a pre7 existing base of knowledge that would benefit 

8 less from additional research and development. 

9 (g) FINAL REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF THE INNO10 VATIVE CRIME PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION STRAT11 EGY GRANTS.— 

12 (1) IN GENERAL.—Following the close of the 3- 

13 year implementation period for each grant recipient 

14 under section 5, the Commission shall collect the re15 sults of the study of the effectiveness of that grant 

16 under section 5(b)(3) and shall submit a public re17 port to the President, the Attorney General, Con18 gress, the chief executive of each State, and the at19 torney general of each State describing each strategy 

20 funded under section 5 and its results. This report 

21 shall be submitted not later than 5 years after the 

22 date of the selection of the chairperson of the Com23 mission. 

24 (2) COLLECTION OF INFORMATION AND EVI25 DENCE REGARDING GRANT RECIPIENTS.—The ComVerDate Aug 31 2005 22:35 May 31, 2007 Jkt 059200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1521.IS S1521

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1 mission’s collection of information and evidence re2 garding each grant recipient under section 5 shall be 

3 carried out by— 

4 (A) ongoing communications with the 

5 grant administrator at the National Institute of 

6 Justice; 

7 (B) visits by representatives of the Com8 mission (including at least 1 member of the 

9 Commission) to the site where the grant recipi10 ent is carrying out the strategy with a grant 

11 under section 5, at least once in the second and 

12 once in the third year of that grant; 

13 (C) a review of the data generated by the 

14 study monitoring the effectiveness of the strat15 egy; and 

16 (D) other means as necessary. 

17 (3) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The report sub18 mitted under paragraph (1) shall include a review of 

19 each strategy carried out with a grant under section 

20 5, detailing— 

21 (A) the type of crime or delinquency pre22 vention or intervention strategy; 

23 (B) where the activities under the strategy 

24 were carried out, including geographic and de25 mographic targets; 


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1 (C) any partnerships with public or private 

2 entities through the course of the grant period; 

3 (D) the type and design of the effective4 ness study conducted under section 5(b)(3) for 

5 that strategy; 

6 (E) the results of the effectiveness study 

7 conducted under section 5(b)(3) for that strat8 egy; 

9 (F) lessons learned regarding implementa10 tion of that strategy or of the effectiveness 

11 study conducted under section 5(b)(3), includ12 ing recommendations regarding which types of 

13 environments might best be suited for success14 ful replication; and 

15 (G) recommendations regarding the need 

16 for further research and development of the 

17 strategy. 

18 (h) PERSONNEL MATTERS.— 

19 (1) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—The members of the 

20 Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, includ21 ing per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates author22 ized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of 

23 chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while 

24 away from their homes or regular places of business 

25 in the performance of service for the Commission. 


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1 (2) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.—Members of 

2 the Commission shall serve without compensation. 

3 (3) STAFF.— 

4 (A) IN GENERAL.—The chairperson of the 

5 Commission may, without regard to the civil 

6 service laws and regulations, appoint and termi7 nate an executive director and such other addi8 tional personnel as may be necessary to enable 

9 the Commission to perform its duties. The em10 ployment of an executive director shall be sub11 ject to confirmation by the Commission. 

12 (B) COMPENSATION.—The chairperson of 

13 the Commission may fix the compensation of 

14 the executive director and other personnel with15 out regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and 

16 subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United 

17 States Code, relating to classification of posi18 tions and General Schedule pay rates, except 

19 that the rate of pay for the executive director 

20 and other personnel may not exceed the rate 

21 payable for level V of the Executive Schedule 

22 under section 5316 of such title. 

23 (4) DETAIL OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.—With 

the affirmative vote of 2 24 ⁄3 of the members of the 

25 Commission, any Federal Government employee, 


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1 with the approval of the head of the appropriate 

2 Federal agency, may be detailed to the Commission 

3 without reimbursement, and such detail shall be 

4 without interruption or loss of civil service status, 

5 benefits, or privileges. 

6 (i) CONTRACTS FOR RESEARCH.— 

7 (1) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE.—With a 

2 8 ⁄3 affirmative vote of the members of the Commis9 sion, the Commission may select nongovernmental 

10 researchers and experts to assist the Commission in 

11 carrying out its duties under this Act. The National 

12 Institute of Justice shall contract with the research13 ers and experts selected by the Commission to pro14 vide funding in exchange for their services. 

15 (2) OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.—Nothing in this 

16 subsection shall be construed to limit the ability of 

17 the Commission to enter into contracts with other 

18 entities or organizations for research necessary to 

19 carry out the duties of the Commission under this 

20 section. 

21 (j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

22 are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out 

23 this section. 

24 (k) TERMINATION.—The Commission shall terminate 

25 on the date that is 30 days after the date on which the 


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1 Commission submits the last report required by this sec2 tion. 

3 (l) EXEMPTION.—The Commission shall be exempt 

4 from the Federal Advisory Committee Act. 

5 SEC. 5. INNOVATIVE CRIME PREVENTION AND INTERVEN6 TION STRATEGY GRANTS. 

7 (a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—The Director of the Na8 tional Institute of Justice may make grants to public and 

9 private entities to fund the implementation and evaluation 

10 of innovative crime or delinquency prevention or interven11 tion strategies. The purpose of grants under this section 

12 shall be to provide funds for all expenses related to the 

13 implementation of such a strategy and to conduct a rig14 orous study on the effectiveness of that strategy. 

15 (b) GRANT DISTRIBUTION.— 

16 (1) PERIOD.—A grant under this section shall 

17 be made for a period of not more than 3 years. 

18 (2) AMOUNT.—The amount of each grant under 

19 this section— 

20 (A) shall be sufficient to ensure that rig21 orous evaluations may be performed; and 

22 (B) shall not exceed $2,000,000. 

23 (3) EVALUATION SET-ASIDE.— 

24 (A) IN GENERAL.—A grantee shall use not 

25 less than $300,000 and not more than 


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1 $700,000 of the funds from a grant under this 

2 section for a rigorous study of the effectiveness 

3 of the strategy during the 3-year period of the 

4 grant for that strategy. 

5 (B) METHODOLOGY OF STUDY.— 

6 (i) IN GENERAL.—Each study con7 ducted under subparagraph (A) shall use 

8 an evaluator and a study design approved 

9 by the employee of the National Institute 

10 of Justice hired or assigned under sub11 section (c). 

12 (ii) CRITERIA.—The employee of the 

13 National Institute of Justice hired or as14 signed under subsection (c) shall ap15 prove— 

16 (I) an evaluator that has success17 fully carried out multiple studies pro18 ducing rigorous evidence of effective19 ness; and 

20 (II) a proposed study design that 

21 is likely to produce rigorous evidence 

22 of the effectiveness of the strategy. 

23 (iii) APPROVAL.—Before a grant is 

24 awarded under this section, the evaluator 

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1 proved by the employee of the National In2 stitute of Justice hired or assigned under 

3 subsection (c). 

4 (4) DATE OF AWARD.—Not later than 6 months 

5 after the date of receiving recommendations relating 

6 to a subcategory from the Commission under section 

7 4(f), the Director of the National Institute of Jus8 tice shall award all grants under this section relating 

9 to that subcategory. 

10 (5) TYPE OF GRANTS.—One-third of the grants 

11 made under this section shall be made in each sub12 category. In distributing grants, the recommenda13 tions of the Commission under section 4(f) shall be 

14 considered. 

15 (6) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

16 There are authorized to be appropriated 

17 $18,000,000 to carry out this subsection. 

18 (c) DEDICATED STAFF.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 

20 Institute of Justice shall hire or assign a full-time 

21 employee to oversee the grants under this section. 

22 (2) STUDY OVERSIGHT.—The employee of the 

23 National Institute of Justice hired or assigned under 

24 paragraph (1) shall be responsible for ensuring that 


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1 grantees adhere to the study design approved before 

2 the applicable grant was awarded. 

3 (3) LIAISON.—The employee of the National 

4 Institute of Justice hired or assigned under para5 graph (1) may be used as a liaison between the 

6 Commission and the recipients of a grant under this 

7 section. That employee shall be responsible for en8 suring timely cooperation with Commission requests. 

9 (4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

10 There are authorized to be appropriated $150,000 

11 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry 

12 out this subsection. 

13 (d) APPLICATIONS.—A public or private entity desir14 ing a grant under this section shall submit an application 

15 at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such 

16 information as the Director of the National Institute of 

17 Justice may reasonably require. 

18 (e) COOPERATION WITH THE COMMISSION.—Grant 

19 recipients shall cooperate with the Commission in pro20 viding them with full information on the progress of the 

21 strategy being carried out with a grant under this section, 

22 including— 

23 (1) hosting visits by the members of the Com24 mission to the site where the activities under the 

25 strategy are being carried out; 


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1 (2) providing pertinent information on the lo2 gistics of establishing the strategy for which the 

3 grant under this section was received, including de4 tails on partnerships, selection of participants, and 

5 any efforts to publicize the strategy; and 

6 (3) responding to any specific inquiries that 

7 may be made by the Commission. 

8 SEC. 6. ELIMINATION OF THE RED PLANET CAPITAL VEN9 TURE CAPITAL PROGRAM. 

10 (a) REDUCTION OF NASA BUDGET.—Section 203 of 

11 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au12 thorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16632) is amended— 

13 (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 

14 striking ‘‘$18,686,300,000’’ and inserting 

15 ‘‘$18,680,300,000’’; and 

16 (2) in paragraph (2), by striking 

17 ‘‘$10,903,900,000’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘$10,897,900,000’’. 

19 (b) PROHIBITION.—The Administrator of the Na20 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration may not 

21 carry out the Red Planet Capital Venture Capital Pro22 gram established by the Administrator during the period 

23 of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 

Æ 


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