J-S41006-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

BRET DAVID LEITZEL 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 934 MDA 2022

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 26, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Union County at No(s): CP-60-CR0000052-2021

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED: MARCH 7, 2023

Bret David Leitzel appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in 

the Court of Common Pleas of Union County, after a jury convicted him of 

retaliation against a victim, witness or party.

1

 After review, we affirm. 

On November 17, 2020, a protection from abuse order (PFA order) was 

entered on behalf of J.L. against Leitzel. J.L. testified that Leitzel had 

previously refused to sign an agreement permitting the parties to have contact 

to discuss their child and their dog. N.T. Jury Trial, 1/28/22, at 54. The final 

PFA order hearing was scheduled for February 11, 2021. By way of 

background, Leitzel and J.L. have periodically been in a relationship since they 

were 17 years old and have a 16-year-old son. Id. at 35, 47, 52. 

____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4953(a). 
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On February 8, 2021,

2 Leitzel texted J.L. asking if he could pick his mail 

up from her house. Id. at 36, 40. J.L. then called Leitzel to tell him that their 

dog may need to be put down. Id. at 37. J.L. testified that during this phonecall, Leitzel “told [J.L. she] shouldn’t go [to the final PFA order hearing] 

because [she] was going to get arrested for having contact with [Leitzel]” and 

that “if [she did go] it’s going to fall back on [her].” Id. at 38. J.L. also 

testified that Leitzel stated that if she went to the final PFA order hearing “he 

[was] going to destroy [her] life.” Id. at 45. According to J.L., this meant 

“harassment, never[-]ending harassment and threats, harassing our child[].” 

Id. at 38. J.L. also testified that during the phone call, Letziel stated that “[if] 

I were you, I wouldn’t show up,” referring to the final PFA order hearing. Id.

at 52. The 17-minute phone call ended when J.L. hung up on Leitzel. Id. at 

38, 49. 

After the phone call ended, Leitzel immediately began sending text 

messages to J.L. The text messages from Leitzel included statements such as 

the following: 

Haha you’re a joke. It’s fine for you to disrespect everybody. I 

didn’t even disrespect you. 

***

Grow the f—k up.

***

____________________________________________

2 The parties stipulated that on February 8, 2021, there was a valid temporary 

PFA order in effect, which provided that Leitzel was prohibited from contacting 

J.L. 
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Haha you don’t want me to proceed. Let your pride f—k your life 

up like always. 

***

Grow the [f—k] up . . . . If you can’t listen to anything I say then 

that’s disrespecting me. All you’ve done is lied this whole time 

about everything. 

* * *

You wanna [f—k] sh[i]t up for me. I’m sick of letting you get away 

with everything. You’re such an ignorant self[-]centered person. 

* * *

That makes me want to destroy you without remorse like you did 

me.

Id. at 39, 41, 42, 45; Commonwealth Exhibit 2.5, 2.12, 2.22. 

While Leitzel was texting J.L, she called the police to file a PFA order 

violation. Officer Jackson Stroup, of the Mifflinburg Police Department,

testified that upon arriving at J.L.’s place of employment, “[J.L.] was crying, 

she was emotionally upset, physically upset based off of the entire situation.” 

Id. at 57. While Officer Stroup took pictures of the aforementioned text 

messages, Leitzel proceeded to text J.L. See id. (Officer Stroup testifying 

“While I was taking pictures, the phone just kept blowing up with more and 

more messages”). 

At trial, Officer Stroup read a text from Leitzel into the record, which

stated, inter alia, 

We can play. I’m done being nice to you and trying to get along. 

[] You’re such a terrible person. Everything you’ve done and the 

way you continue to act will bite you in the a--. I was trying to 

be nice and civil but obviously you can’t [be]. [] Why are you so 

evil? [] All your fake police calls and [PFAs] and abuse towards

me doesn’t matter? [] I don’t know how you live that way?! [] 

Trust me, I can play these games and everything you’ve done and 

the nasty spiteful selfish inconsiderate person you are will be 
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brought to light. [] You deserve everything you’ll get at this 

hearing. [] They’ll change their thoughts about you and you’ll 

get what you deserve. 

Id. at 59-62. 

J.L. testified that the text messages Letizel sent and statements he 

made during the phone call on February 8, 2021 made her feel “threatened.” 

Id. at 38. Additionally, due to these statements and past physical 

altercations, J.L. believed Leitzel was capable of physically harming her. Id.

at 46. J.L. believed that “[Leitzel] was going to ruin [her] life like he’s told 

[her] lawyer and everyone else.” Id. at 46. J.L. also testified that “[Leitzel] 

told their 16-year-old son[,] who has been having medical issues over all the 

stress[,] that he won’t have a mom and that [she] would be put in jail after 

today.”3 Id. at 52. 

On March 21, 2021, Leitzel was charged with terroristic threats4 and 

retaliation against a victim, witness, or party. Leitzel proceeded to jury trial 

on January 28, 2022, after which he was found guilty of retaliation against a 

victim, witness or party. The trial court deferred sentencing pending a presentence investigation report. On May 26, 2022, Leitzel was sentenced to an

aggregate term of 12 to 24 months’ incarceration. Leitzel filed a timely motion 

for judgment of acquittal, that was denied. This timely appeal followed. Both 

____________________________________________

3 “Today” refers to the jury trial regarding his retaliation charge. 

4 The jury found Leitzel not guilty of terroristic threats. 
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Leitzel and the trial court have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. Leitzel raises a 

single issue for our review: 

[Whether t]he [trial court] erred in finding [Leitzel] guilty of the 

charge of [i]ntimidation of a [w]itness[, victim or party,] as the 

evidence was insufficient to show that [Leitzel] communicated any 

threat of physical harm towards the victim[,] and the trial court 

erred in denying the [m]otion for [j]udgment of [a]cquittal of the 

same. 

Appellant’s Brief, at 7. 

Leitzel contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his 

conviction of retaliation against a victim or witness or party. He argues that 

his conduct amounted to “one incident of verbal dialogue.” Appellant’s Brief, 

at 13. To support his claim, Leitzel relies on our Supreme Court’s decision in 

Commonwealth v. Ostrovksy, 909 A.2d 1224 (Pa. 2006) (Ostrovsky II), 

affirming Commonwealth v. Ostrovsky, 866 A.2d 423 (Pa. Super. 2005) 

(Ostrovksy I). 

This Court’s review of sufficiency claims is well-settled: 

When reviewing challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence, [this 

Court] evaluates the record in the light [most] favorable to the 

Commonwealth as verdict winner, giving the prosecution the 

benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence. 

Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it 

establishes each material element beyond a reasonable doubt. 

However, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a 

mathematical certainty, and it may sustain its burden by means 

of wholly circumstantial evidence. In addition, the court may not 

substitute its judgment for that of the fact finder, and where the 

record contains support for the convictions, they may not be 

disturbed. Lastly, the finder of fact is free to believe some, all, or 

none of the evidence presented. 
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Commonwealth v. Smith, 146 A.3d 257, 261-62 (Pa. Super. 2016) 

(quotations and citations omitted).

Section 4953 of the Crimes Code provides that “[a] person commits 

[the] offense [of retaliation] if he[: (1)] harms another by any unlawful act[;]

or [(2)] engages in a course of conduct[;] or [(3)] repeatedly commits acts,

which threatened another in retaliation for anything lawfully done in the 

capacity of witness, victim or a party in a civil matter.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4953(a) 

(emphasis added). Assuming an intent to retaliate, the Commonwealth can 

sustain its burden by demonstrating facts to support any one of the 

aforementioned clauses. Ostrovsky II, at 1227. 

In Ostrovksy II, the defendant was previously charged with 

vandalizing the victim’s truck, ordered to pay approximately $2,000 in 

damages and subsequently shouted indecencies at the victim during a high 

school football game. Id. at 1226. In finding that the defendant’s conduct 

was not sufficient to convict him under the first clause of the retaliation 

statute, our Supreme Court determined that although the defendant made 

multiple statements to the victim, the victim believed them to be “funny” and 

only one statement caused “concern” and “intimidation.” Id.; see id. at 1229 

(“[The defendant’s] conduct represented a single instance of verbal threat”). 

The Supreme Court added that “[although] the Commonwealth notes [] it 

could be argued that [the defendant’s] behavior constituted a course of 

conduct in that several events occurred over a period of time, it did not charge 

[the defendant] under such a theory.” Id. at 1230 n.8. 
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Here, the trial court found Leitzel guilty of retaliation under both the 

second and third clause of the retaliation statute—engaging in course of 

conduct and repeatedly committing acts which threatened another in 

retaliation for anything lawfully done in the capacity of witness, victim or a 

party in a civil matter. The court ultimately concluded that: 

This case is clearly distinguishable from the Ostrosky case where 

the facts here are replete with [examples of Leitzel] engaging in 

a course of conduct or repeated acts through his multiple texts 

and a 17-minute phone call to J.L. Leitzel’s threat to [J.L.] was 

demonstrated through [her] physical distress at the time of the 

incident and her testimony that she felt Leitzel was making a 

threat of harm towards her if she testified at the final PFA hearing. 

***

The contents and timing of Leitzel’s call and text messages, 

together with the circumstances surrounding them, were sufficient 

for the jury to infer that Leitzel intended to retaliate against J.L. 

to prevent her from testifying at the final PFA hearing. 

Trial Court Opinion, 8/25/22, at 4 (unpaginated) (emphasis added). Thus, 

where the Ostrovsky II Court determined that the defendant was not guilty 

of retaliation under the first clause of the retaliation statute, Leitzel’s 

argument is inapposite.

Instantly, Leitzel’s intent to retaliate is clear where, while on the phone 

with J.L., three days prior to the final PFA hearing, he told her, “If I were you, 

I wouldn’t show up.” Id. at 52. Additionally, J.L. explicitly testified that

Leitzel’s text messages and statements he made during the phone call made 

her feel “threatened.” Id. at 38; see id. at 57 (Officer Stroup testifying when 

he arrived to document PFA order violation, J.L. was in emotional distress). 
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Moreover, due to these messages and previous physical altercations between 

the parties, J.L. believed that Leitzel was capable of physically assaulting her. 

Id. at 46. 

Further, Leitzel’s course of conduct or repeated acts is demonstrated by 

the 17-minute phone call, during which Letizel made at least four threatening 

comments, and which was followed by an immediate inundation of harrowing 

text messages after J.L. hung up. Id. at 39, 41, 42, 45; Commonwealth 

Exhibit 2.5, 2.12, 2.22. Leitzel also made statements to the party’s 16-yearold son, threating J.L.’s arrest if she testified at trial for this retaliation charge

and repeatedly told J.L.’s “lawyer and everyone else” that Leitzel was going to 

“ruin [J.L.’s] life.” Id. at 46, 52. Leitzel’s conduct is not limited to one single 

threatening incident, but rather represents a series of repeated threatening

statements. 

In light of the foregoing, the evidence was sufficient for a jury to infer 

that Leitzel intended to retaliate against J.L in order to prevent her from 

testifying at the final PFA hearing. Smith, supra. Accordingly, we affirm 

Leitzel’s judgment of sentence. 

Judgment of sentence affirmed. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 3/07/2023