Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS

DIVISION I

No. CV-13-136

TAMARA MCBRIDE 

APPELLANT

V.

ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF

HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR

CHILD

 APPELLEES

Opinion Delivered October 9, 2013

APPEAL FROM THE JEFFERSON

COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

[NO. JV-11-411-6]

HONORABLE EARNEST E.

BROWN, JR., JUDGE

AFFIRMED

BILL H. WALMSLEY, Judge

Appellant Tamara McBride appeals from the Jefferson County Circuit Court’s

termination of her parental rights to her son, J.M. (DOB: 06-09-11).1

 McBride argues that

there was insufficient evidence to support termination. We affirm. 

On June 14, 2011, the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) filed a petition

for emergency custody and dependency-neglect based on the fact that McBride tested positive

for THC at the time she gave birth to J.M. The child was adjudicated dependent-neglected

on August 12, 2011, and the trial court ordered DHS to provide services to the mother. At

the adjudication hearing, McBride again tested positive for THC and was held in contempt

for “her attitude and outburst in court.” In a review order dated November 18, 2011, the trial

1McBride’s case was previously before this court. In McBride v. Arkansas Department of

Human Services, 2013 Ark. App. 389, we remanded to settle and supplement the record and

ordered McBride to supplement her addendum. 
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

court noted that McBride had made no progress toward alleviating or mitigating the

circumstances that caused J.M.’s removal from her home. Another review hearing was

scheduled for April 12, 2012, but McBride abruptly left the courthouse, and the hearing had

to be rescheduled. A permanency-planning hearing was held on August 23, 2012, at which

the trial court found that McBride had failed to comply with the case plan and made minimal

progress. The trial court further found that additional services would have little likelihood of

remedying the cause of removal. The goal of the case was changed to adoption. On

September 24, 2012, DHS filed a petition for termination of parental rights, and a hearing was

held on October 31, 2012. McBride was approximately one hour late to the termination

hearing because she had no transportation and had not requested that DHS provide

transportation. 

LaTisha Young, a DHS supervisor, testified that McBride last tested positive for

marijuana on a random drug screen in June 2012. Although McBride had ample opportunity

to complete drug treatment, with three referrals made, she did not seek outpatient drug

treatment until September 27, 2012. Young made reference to McBride’s two other children

who had been removed from her custody in 2010. McBride completed parenting classes, but

Young did not think McBride had learned anything from the classes. At a visitation when

J.M. was not even one year old, Young observed McBride trying to feed the baby Cheetos

and recalled that McBride thought it was “odd” that J.M. looked at her so much. Since J.M.

entered foster care, McBride had visited him a total of nine times. Young testified that J.M.

had bonded with his foster family and that he was adoptable. 

2
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

Kenneth Evans, a detective with the Pine Bluff Police Department, testified that a

search warrant was executed at McBride’s house on August 15, 2012, and that marijuana was

found, along with a set of digital scales and plastic baggies. Evans stated that McBride and a

male companion were arrested for possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver

and possession of drug paraphernalia. Children were present in the home at the time of

McBride’s arrest.

Lena Hampton, a therapist at Southeast Arkansas Behavioral Health Care, testified that

she had been McBride’s therapist for anger management since McBride was a teenager.

Hampton stated that McBride had difficulty following through on treatment goals. According

to Hampton, over the past fifteen months, she had counseled McBride on only three or four

occasions. McBride often missed appointments, and her stated reason was lack of

transportation. 

Kathleen Armstrong, an adoption specialist for DHS, testified that J.M. was adoptable

considering that he was very young and had no health or medical concerns. She stated that

a potential adoptive family had been located. 

 According to McBride, she quit drugs on her own in June 2012. When asked how

long she thought it might take to get past her drug addiction, McBride said, “I have been over

it.” McBride receives disability benefits for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. McBride

claimed that she did not know that her male friend, who was staying with her, was selling

drugs from her home. She testified that she was unemployed and missed visitations with J.M.

and appointments for counseling because she had no transportation. McBride later conceded

3
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

that transportation was not the reason she failed to attend counseling, as the counselor’s office

was within walking distance. DHS had offered to provide transportation for McBride, but she

did not give the required advance notice. McBride testified that she has a ninth-grade

education and began taking GED classes in August 2012 when she was released from jail.

The trial court entered an order terminating McBride’s parental rights on November

19, 2012, based on three separate grounds. The trial court found that J.M. had been

adjudicated dependent-neglected and continued to be out of McBride’s custody for more than

twelve months and that, despite a meaningful effort by DHS to rehabilitate her and correct

the conditions that caused removal, those conditions had not been remedied by McBride.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) (Supp. 2011). The trial court further found that,

during the more than twelve months J.M. was out of McBride’s custody, McBride willfully

failed to provide significant material support or maintain meaningful contact with J.M. Ark.

Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(ii)(a). Finally, the trial court found that other factors or issues

arose subsequent to the filing of the original petition for dependency-neglect that

demonstrated that return of J.M. to McBride was contrary to his health, safety, or welfare and

that McBride had manifested the incapacity or indifference to remedy the subsequent issues

or factors or rehabilitate her circumstances that prevented the return of J.M. to her custody.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a).

Termination-of-parental-rights cases are reviewed de novo. Jackson v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 411, ___ S.W.3d ___. Grounds for termination of parental

rights must be proved by clear and convincing evidence, which is that degree of proof that

4
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

will produce in the finder of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be established.

Id. The appellate inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved

by clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous when,

although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left

with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. In resolving the clearly

erroneous question, we give due regard to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the

credibility of witnesses. Id. Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in

derogation of a parent’s natural rights; however, parental rights will not be enforced to the

detriment or destruction of the health and well-being of the child. Id. 

Pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(A), an order terminating

parental rights must be based on a finding that termination is in the child’s best interest, which

includes consideration of the likelihood that the juvenile will be adopted and the potential

harm caused by returning custody of the child to the parents. In addition, the proof must

establish at least one of several statutory grounds. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B). When

an appellant fails to attack the trial court’s independent, alternative basis for its ruling, we will

not reverse. Martin v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 423, 384 S.W.3d 580. 

McBride’s argument on appeal essentially consists of seven sentences:

In this case the trial court did not give adequate weight to the progress made by

Appellant. In this case, Appellant’s disability and ninth grade education should have

been given due consideration by the trial court. In addition to those impediments,

Appellant also was faced with a revolving door of caseworkers. In the present case, the

DHS supervisor had to testify because the caseworker was unavailable. This should

give this Court pause as to the quality of services provided to Appellant. . . . The trial

court’s statement that he would have given more time had there been progress is not

supported by the testimony of the Appellant. Despite her many obstacles, Appellant

5
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

had made genuine progress in reunifying with her child.

McBride does not specifically challenge each of the three grounds upon which the trial

court terminated her rights. McBride argues that the trial court erred in finding that she failed

to remedy the conditions that caused removal in that she had made “genuine progress.” The

trial court was in the best position to weigh the evidence and determine credibility. Jackson,

supra. Testimony supports the trial court’s determination that McBride made minimal

progress. Despite three referrals, McBride delayed seeking drug treatment until the eleventh

hour, and she was arrested on drug-related charges only two months prior to the termination

hearing. Also, McBride visited her infant son, who had been in foster care since he left the

hospital, only nine times. Although McBride asserts a failure on DHS’s part to provide

reunification services, the evidence shows that McBride failed to take advantage of various

services offered by DHS. We do not otherwise address McBride’s argument with regard to

services because she raises it for the first time on appeal. Moore v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs.,

69 Ark. App. 1, 9 S.W.3d 531 (2000) (appellant’s failure to appeal from final, appealable

orders regarding DHS’s efforts to provide services deprives appellate court of jurisdiction). As

noted, McBride failed to challenge the trial court’s independent, alternative grounds for

termination, and therefore we are not left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake

was made.

With regard to the best-interest analysis, the evidence showed that there was potential

harm in returning J.M. to McBride’s custody. Although McBride testified that she could

provide a safe home for J.M., there was evidence that drugs were being sold from her

6
Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 566

apartment and that McBride made only last-ditch efforts to obtain treatment for her drug

addiction. Armstrong testified that J.M. was adoptable and that a potential adoptive family had

already been located. Accordingly, we cannot say that the trial court clearly erred in

terminating McBride’s parental rights. 

Affirmed. 

PITTMAN and VAUGHT, JJ., agree.

Thomas Wilson, for appellant.

Tabitha Baertels McNulty, County Legal Operations, and Chrestman Group, PLLC, by:

Keith Chrestman, for appellees.

7