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[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2149 Introduced in House (IH)]

107th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2149

To extend trade authorities procedures with respect to reciprocal trade 
                              agreements.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 13, 2001

Mr. Crane (for himself, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Dreier, Mr. Hastert, Mr. Armey, 
     Mr. DeLay, Mr. Combest, Mr. Kolbe, Mr. Shaw, Mrs. Johnson of 
   Connecticut, Mr. Houghton, Mr. Herger, Mr. McCrery, Mr. Camp, Mr. 
Ramstad, Mr. Nussle, Mr. Sam Johnson of Texas, Ms. Dunn of Washington, 
 Mr. Collins, Mr. Portman, Mr. Watkins of Oklahoma, Mr. Hayworth, Mr. 
  Weller, Mr. Hulshof, Mr. Lewis of Kentucky, Mr. Brady of Texas, Mr. 
Ryan of Wisconsin, Mr. Bass, Mr. Bereuter, Mrs. Biggert, Mr. Blunt, Mr. 
Cantor, Mr. Calvert, Mr. Cox, Mr. Cunningham, Mr. Dicks, Mr. Flake, Mr. 
  Frelinghuysen, Mr. Goss, Mr. Hastings of Washington, Mr. Hyde, Mr. 
 Issa, Mr. Johnson of Illinois, Mr. Keller, Mr. Kirk, Mr. Knollenberg, 
  Mr. LaHood, Mr. Linder, Mr. McInnis, Mr. Manzullo, Mr. Osborne, Mr. 
   Otter, Mr. Oxley, Mr. Pence, Ms. Pryce of Ohio, Mr. Reynolds, Mr. 
Schrock, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Shays, Mr. Simpson, Mr. Toomey, Mr. Watts of 
  Oklahoma, and Mrs. Wilson) introduced the following bill; which was 
  referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the 
 Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
  Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To extend trade authorities procedures with respect to reciprocal trade 
                              agreements.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND FINDINGS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Trade Promotion 
Authority Act of 2001''.
    (b) Findings.--The Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The expansion of international trade is vital to the 
        national security of the United States. Trade is critical to 
        the economic growth and strength of the United States and to 
        its leadership in the world. Stable trading relationships 
        promote security and prosperity. Trade agreements today serve 
        the same purposes that security pacts played during the Cold 
        War, binding nations together through a series of mutual rights 
        and obligations. Leadership by the United States in 
        international trade fosters open markets, democracy, and peace 
        throughout the world.
            (2) The national security of the United States depends on 
        its economic security, which in turn is founded upon a vibrant 
        and growing industrial base. Trade expansion has been the 
        engine of economic growth. Trade agreements maximize 
        opportunities for the critical sectors and building blocks of 
        the economy of the United States, such as information 
        technology, telecommunications and other leading technologies, 
        basic industries, capital equipment, medical equipment, 
        services, agriculture, environmental technology, and 
        intellectual property. Trade will create new opportunities for 
        the United States and preserve the unparalleled strength of the 
        United States in economic, political, and military affairs. The 
        United States, secured by expanding trade and economic 
        opportunities, will meet the challenges of the twenty-first 
        century.

SEC. 2. TRADE NEGOTIATING OBJECTIVES.

    (a) Overall Trade Negotiating Objectives.--The overall trade 
negotiating objectives of the United States for agreements subject to 
the provisions of section 3 are--
            (1) to obtain more open, equitable, and reciprocal market 
        access;
            (2) to obtain the reduction or elimination of barriers and 
        distortions that are directly related to trade and that 
        decrease market opportunities for United States exports or 
        otherwise distort United States trade;
            (3) to further strengthen the system of international 
        trading disciplines and procedures, including dispute 
        settlement; and
            (4) to foster economic growth, raise living standards, and 
        promote full employment in the United States and to enhance the 
        global economy.
    (b) Principal Trade Negotiating Objectives.--
            (1) Trade barriers and distortions.--The principal 
        negotiating objectives of the United States regarding trade 
        barriers and other trade distortions are--
                    (A) to expand competitive market opportunities for 
                United States exports and to obtain fairer and more 
                open conditions of trade by reducing or eliminating 
                tariff and nontariff barriers and policies and 
                practices of foreign governments directly related to 
                trade that decrease market opportunities for United 
                States exports or otherwise distort United States 
                trade; and
                    (B) to obtain reciprocal tariff and nontariff 
                barrier elimination agreements, with particular 
                attention to those tariff categories covered in section 
                111(b) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 
                3521(b)).
            (2) Trade in services.--The principal negotiating objective 
        of the United States regarding trade in services is to reduce 
        or eliminate barriers to international trade in services, 
        including regulatory and other barriers that deny national 
        treatment or unreasonably restrict the establishment or 
        operations of service suppliers.
            (3) Foreign investment.--The principal negotiating 
        objective of the United States regarding foreign investment is 
        to reduce or eliminate artificial  or trade-distorting barriers 
to trade-related foreign investment by--
                    (A) reducing or eliminating exceptions to the 
                principle of national treatment;
                    (B) freeing the transfer of funds relating to 
                investments;
                    (C) reducing or eliminating performance 
                requirements, forced technology transfers, and other 
                unreasonable barriers to the establishment and 
                operation of investments;
                    (D) seeking to establish standards for 
                expropriation and compensation for expropriation, 
                consistent with United States legal principles and 
                practice; and
                    (E) providing meaningful procedures for resolving 
                investment disputes.
            (4) Intellectual property.--The principal negotiating 
        objectives of the United States regarding trade-related 
        intellectual property are--
                    (A) to further promote adequate and effective 
                protection of intellectual property rights, including 
                through--
                            (i)(I) ensuring accelerated and full 
                        implementation of the Agreement on Trade-
                        Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 
                        referred to in section 101(d)(15) of the 
                        Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 
                        3511(d)(15)), particularly with respect to 
                        meeting enforcement obligations under that 
                        agreement; and
                            (II) ensuring that the provisions of any 
                        multilateral or bilateral trade agreement 
                        governing intellectual property rights that is 
                        entered into by the United States reflect a 
                        standard of protection similar to that found in 
                        United States law;
                            (ii) providing strong protection for new 
                        and emerging technologies and new methods of 
                        transmitting and distributing products 
                        embodying intellectual property;
                            (iii) preventing or eliminating 
                        discrimination with respect to matters 
                        affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, 
                        maintenance, use, and enforcement of 
                        intellectual property rights;
                            (iv) ensuring that standards of protection 
                        and enforcement keep pace with technological 
                        developments, and in particular ensuring that 
                        rightholders have the legal and technological 
                        means to control the use of their works through 
                        the internet and other global communication 
                        media, and to prevent the unauthorized use of 
                        their works; and
                            (v) providing strong enforcement of 
                        intellectual property rights, including through 
                        accessible, expeditious, and effective civil, 
                        administrative, and criminal enforcement 
                        mechanisms; and
                    (B) to secure fair, equitable, and 
                nondiscriminatory market access opportunities for 
                United States persons that rely upon intellectual 
                property protection.
            (5) Transparency.--The principal negotiating objective of 
        the United States with respect to transparency is to obtain 
        broader application of the principle of transparency through--
                    (A) increased and more timely public access to 
                information regarding trade issues and the activities 
                of international trade institutions; and
                    (B) increased openness of dispute settlement 
                proceedings, including under the World Trade 
                Organization.
            (6) Improvement of the wto and multilateral trade 
        agreements.--The principal negotiating objectives of the United 
        States regarding the improvement of the World Trade 
        Organization, the Uruguay Round Agreements, and other 
        multilateral and bilateral trade agreements are--
                    (A) to achieve full implementation and extend the 
                coverage of the World Trade Organization and such 
                agreements to products, sectors, and conditions of 
                trade not adequately covered; and
                    (B) to expand country participation in and 
                enhancement of the Information Technology Agreement and 
                other trade agreements.
            (7) Regulatory practices.--The principal negotiating 
        objectives of the United States regarding the use of government 
        regulation or other practices by foreign governments to provide 
        a competitive advantage to their domestic producers, service 
        providers, or investors and thereby reduce market access for 
        United States goods, services, and investments are--
                    (A) to achieve increased transparency and 
                opportunity for the participation of affected parties 
                in the development of regulations;
                    (B) to require that proposed regulations be based 
                on sound science, cost-benefit analysis, risk 
                assessment, or other objective evidence; and
                    (C) to achieve the elimination of government 
                measures such as price controls and reference pricing 
                which deny full market access for United States 
                products.
            (8) Electronic commerce.--The principal negotiating 
        objectives of the United States with respect to electronic 
        commerce are--
                    (A) to ensure that current obligations, rules, 
                disciplines, and commitments under the World Trade 
                Organization apply to electronic commerce;
                    (B) to ensure that--
                            (i) electronically delivered goods and 
                        services receive no less favorable treatment 
                        under trade rules and commitments than like 
                        products delivered in physical form; and
                            (ii) the classification of such goods and 
                        services ensures the most liberal trade 
                        treatment possible;
                    (C) to ensure that governments refrain from 
                implementing trade-related measures that impede 
                electronic commerce;
                    (D) where legitimate policy objectives require 
                domestic regulations that affect electronic commerce, 
                to obtain commitments that any such regulations are the 
                least restrictive on trade, nondiscriminatory, and 
                transparent, and promote an open market environment; 
                and
                    (E) to extend the moratorium of the World Trade 
                Organization on duties on electronic transmissions.
            (9) Reciprocal trade in agriculture.--(A) The principal 
        negotiating objective of the United States with respect to 
        agriculture is to obtain competitive opportunities for United 
        States exports of agricultural commodities in foreign markets 
        substantially equivalent to the competitive opportunities 
        afforded foreign exports in United States markets and to 
        achieve fairer and more open conditions of trade in bulk, 
        specialty crop, and value-added commodities by--
                    (i) reducing or eliminating, by a date certain, 
                tariffs or other charges that decrease market 
                opportunities for United States exports--
                            (I) giving priority to those products that 
                        are subject to significantly higher tariffs or 
                        subsidy regimes of major producing countries; 
                        and
                            (II) providing reasonable adjustment 
                        periods for United States import-sensitive 
                        products, in close consultation with the 
                        Congress on such products before initiating 
                        tariff reduction negotiations;
                    (ii) reducing tariffs to levels that are the same 
                as or lower than those in the United States;
                    (iii) reducing or eliminating subsidies that 
                decrease market opportunities for United States exports 
                or unfairly distort agriculture markets to the 
                detriment of the United States;
                    (iv) allowing the preservation of programs that 
                support family farms and rural communities but do not 
                distort trade;
                    (v) developing disciplines for domestic support 
                programs, so that production that is in excess of 
                domestic food security needs is sold at world prices;
                    (vi) eliminating Government policies that create 
                price-depressing surpluses;
                    (vii) eliminating state trading enterprises 
                whenever possible;
                    (viii) developing, strengthening, and clarifying 
                rules and effective dispute settlement mechanisms to 
                eliminate practices that unfairly decrease United 
                States market access opportunities or distort 
                agricultural markets to the detriment of the United 
                States, particularly with respect to import-sensitive 
                products, including--
                            (I) unfair or trade-distorting activities 
                        of state trading enterprises and other 
                        administrative mechanisms, with emphasis on 
                        requiring price transparency in the operation 
                        of state trading enterprises and such other 
                        mechanisms in order to end cross subsidization, 
                        price discrimination, and price undercutting;
                            (II) unjustified trade restrictions or 
                        commercial requirements, such as labeling, that 
                        affect new technologies, including 
                        biotechnology;
                            (III) unjustified sanitary or phytosanitary 
                        restrictions, including those not based on 
                        scientific principles in contravention of the 
                        Uruguay Round Agreements;
                            (IV) other unjustified technical barriers 
                        to trade; and
                            (V) restrictive rules in the administration 
                        of tariff rate quotas;
                    (ix) eliminating practices that adversely affect 
                trade in perishable or cyclical products, while 
                improving import relief mechanisms to recognize the 
                unique characteristics of perishable and cyclical 
                agriculture;
                    (x) taking into account whether a party to the 
                negotiations has failed to adhere to the provisions of 
                already existing trade agreements with the United 
                States or has circumvented obligations under those 
                agreements;
                    (xi) taking into account whether a product is 
                subject to market distortions by reason of a failure of 
                a major producing country to adhere to the provisions 
                of already existing trade agreements with the United 
                States or by the circumvention by that country of its 
                obligations under those agreements;
                    (xii) otherwise ensuring that countries that accede 
                to the World Trade Organization have made meaningful 
                market liberalization commitments in agriculture;
                    (xiii) taking into account the impact that 
                agreements covering agriculture to which the United 
                States is a party, including the North American Free 
                Trade Agreement, have on the United States agricultural 
                industry; and
                    (xiv) maintaining bona fide food assistance 
                programs and preserving United States market 
                development and export credit programs.
            (B)(i) Before commencing negotiations with respect to 
        agriculture, the United States Trade Representative, in 
        consultation with the Congress, shall seek to develop a 
        position on the treatment of seasonal and perishable 
        agricultural products to be employed in the negotiations in 
        order to develop an international consensus on the treatment of 
        seasonal or perishable agricultural products in investigations 
        relating to dumping and safeguards and in any other relevant 
        area.
            (ii) The negotiating objective provided in subparagraph (A) 
        applies with respect to agricultural matters to be addressed in 
        any trade agreement entered into under section 3(a) or (b), 
        including any trade agreement entered into under section 3(a) 
        or (b) that provides for accession to a trade agreement to 
which the United States is already a party, such as the North American 
Free Trade Agreement and the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement.
            (10) WTO extended negotiations.--The principal negotiating 
        objectives of the United States regarding trade in civil 
        aircraft are those set forth in section 135(c) of the Uruguay 
        Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3355(c)) and regarding rules of 
        origin are the conclusion of an agreement described in section 
        132 of that Act (19 U.S.C. 3552).
    (c) Other Presidential Objectives.--If the President determines 
that an issue not described in subsection (b) would be appropriate for 
trade negotiations, provisions relating to that issue may be included 
in a trade agreement or agreements entered into under section 3, if 
those provisions--
            (1) are directly related to trade;
            (2) are consistent with the sovereignty of the United 
        States;
            (3) are trade expanding and not protectionist; and
            (4) do not affect a country's ability to make changes to 
        its laws that are consistent with sound macroeconomic 
        development.
    (d) Consultations.--
            (1) Consultations with congressional advisers and 
        enforcement of the trade laws.--In the course of negotiations 
        conducted under this Act, the United States Trade 
        Representative shall--
                    (A) consult closely and on a timely basis with, and 
                keep fully apprised of the negotiations, the 
                Congressional Oversight Group appointed under section 7 
                with respect to the negotiations; and
                    (B) preserve the ability of the United States to 
                enforce rigorously its trade laws, including the 
                antidumping and countervailing duty laws, and avoid 
                agreements which lessen the effectiveness of domestic 
                and international disciplines on unfair trade, 
                especially dumping and subsidies, in order to ensure 
                that United States workers, agricultural producers, and 
                firms can compete fully on fair terms and enjoy the 
                benefits of reciprocal trade concessions.
            (2) Consultation before agreement initialed.--In the course 
        of negotiations conducted under this Act, the United States 
        Trade Representative shall--
                    (A) consult closely and on a timely basis 
                (including immediately before initialing an agreement) 
                with, and keep fully apprised of the negotiations, the 
                congressional advisers for trade policy and 
                negotiations appointed under section 161 of the Trade 
                Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2211), the Committee on Ways and 
                Means of the House of Representatives, and the 
                Committee on Finance of the Senate; and
                    (B) with regard to any negotiations and agreement 
                relating to agricultural trade, also consult closely 
                and on a timely basis (including immediately before 
                initialing an agreement) with, and keep fully apprised 
                of the negotiations, the Committee on Agriculture of 
                the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
    (e) Adherence to Obligations Under Uruguay Round Agreements.--In 
determining whether to enter into negotiations with a particular 
country, the President shall take into account the extent to which that 
country has implemented, or has accelerated the implementation of, its 
obligations under the Uruguay Round Agreements.

SEC. 3. TRADE AGREEMENTS AUTHORITY.

    (a) Agreements Regarding Tariff Barriers.--
            (1) In general.--Whenever the President determines that one 
        or more existing duties or other import restrictions of any 
        foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and 
        restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the 
        purposes, policies, and objectives of this Act will be promoted 
        thereby, the President--
                    (A) may enter into trade agreements with foreign 
                countries before--
                            (i) June 1, 2005; or
                            (ii) June 1, 2007, if trade authorities 
                        procedures are extended under subsection (c); 
                        and
                    (B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), 
                proclaim--
                            (i) such modification or continuance of any 
                        existing duty,
                            (ii) such continuance of existing duty-free 
                        or excise treatment, or
                            (iii) such additional duties,
                as the President determines to be required or 
                appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.
        The President shall notify the Congress of the President's 
        intention to enter into an agreement under this subsection.
            (2) Limitations.--No proclamation may be made under 
        paragraph (1) that--
                    (A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a rate of 
                duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad valorem on the 
                date of the enactment of this Act) to a rate of duty 
                which is less than 50 percent of the rate of such duty 
                that applies on such date of enactment; or
                    (B) increases any rate of duty above the rate that 
                applied on the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (3) Aggregate reduction; exemption from staging.--
                    (A) Aggregate reduction.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the aggregate reduction in the rate 
                of duty on any article which is in effect on any day 
                pursuant to a trade agreement entered into under 
                paragraph (1) shall not exceed the aggregate reduction 
                which would have been in effect on such day if--
                            (i) a reduction of 3 percent ad valorem or 
                        a reduction of one-tenth of the 
total reduction, whichever is greater, had taken effect on the 
effective date of the first reduction proclaimed under paragraph (1) to 
carry out such agreement with respect to such article; and
                            (ii) a reduction equal to the amount 
                        applicable under clause (i) had taken effect at 
                        1-year intervals after the effective date of 
                        such first reduction.
                    (B) Exemption from staging.--No staging is required 
                under subparagraph (A) with respect to a duty reduction 
                that is proclaimed under paragraph (1) for an article 
                of a kind that is not produced in the United States. 
                The United States International Trade Commission shall 
                advise the President of the identity of articles that 
                may be exempted from staging under this subparagraph.
            (4) Rounding.--If the President determines that such action 
        will simplify the computation of reductions under paragraph 
        (3), the President may round an annual reduction by an amount 
        equal to the lesser of--
                    (A) the difference between the reduction without 
                regard to this paragraph and the next lower whole 
                number; or
                    (B) one-half of 1 percent ad valorem.
            (5) Other limitations.--A rate of duty reduction that may 
        not be proclaimed by reason of paragraph (2) may take effect 
        only if a provision authorizing such reduction is included 
        within an implementing bill provided for under section 5 and 
        that bill is enacted into law.
            (6) Other tariff modifications.--Notwithstanding paragraphs 
        (1)(B) and (2) through (5), and subject to the consultation and 
        layover requirements of section 115 of the Uruguay Round 
        Agreements Act, the President may proclaim the modification of 
        any duty or staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in 
        Schedule XX, as defined in section 2(5) of that Act, if the 
        United States agrees to such modification or staged rate 
        reduction in a negotiation for the reciprocal elimination or 
        harmonization of duties under the auspices of the World Trade 
        Organization.
            (7) Authority under uruguay round agreements act not 
        affected.--Nothing in this subsection shall limit the authority 
        provided to the President under section 111(b) of the Uruguay 
        Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3521(b)).
    (b) Agreements Regarding Tariff and Nontariff Barriers.--
            (1) In general.--(A) Whenever the President determines 
        that--
                    (i) one or more existing duties or any other import 
                restriction of any foreign country or the United States 
                or any other barrier to, or other distortion of, 
                international trade unduly burdens or restricts the 
                foreign trade of the United States or adversely affects 
                the United States economy; or
                    (ii) the imposition of any such barrier or 
                distortion is likely to result in such a burden, 
                restriction, or effect;
        and that the purposes, policies, and objectives of this Act 
        will be promoted thereby, the President may enter into a trade 
        agreement described in subparagraph (B) during the period 
        described in subparagraph (C).
            (B) The President may enter into a trade agreement under 
        subparagraph (A) with foreign countries providing for--
                    (i) the reduction or elimination of a duty, 
                restriction, barrier, or other distortion described in 
                subparagraph (A), or
                    (ii) the prohibition of, or limitation on the 
                imposition of, such barrier or other distortion.
            (C) The President may enter into a trade agreement under 
        this paragraph before--
                    (i) June 1, 2005; or
                    (ii) June 1, 2007, if trade authorities procedures 
                are extended under subsection (c).
            (2) Conditions.--A trade agreement may be entered into 
        under this subsection only if such agreement makes progress in 
        meeting the applicable objectives described in section 2(a) and 
        (b) and the President satisfies the conditions set forth in 
        section 4.
            (3) Bills qualifying for trade authorities procedures.--(A) 
        The provisions of section 151 of the Trade Act of 1974 (in this 
        Act referred to as ``trade authorities procedures'') apply to a 
        bill of either House of Congress which contains provisions 
        described in subparagraph (B) to the same extent as such 
        section 151 applies to implementing bills under that section. A 
        bill to which this paragraph applies shall hereafter in this 
        Act be referred to as an ``implementing bill''.
            (B) The provisions referred to in subparagraph (A) are--
                    (i) a provision approving a trade agreement entered 
                into under this subsection and approving the statement 
                of administrative action, if any, proposed to implement 
                such trade agreement; and
                    (ii) if changes in existing laws or new statutory 
                authority are required to implement such trade 
                agreement or agreements, provisions, necessary or 
                appropriate to implement such trade agreement or 
                agreements, either repealing or amending existing laws 
                or providing new statutory authority, except that an 
                implementing bill may include provisions to implement 
                provisions in a trade agreement to which section 2(c) 
                applies only if those provisions meet the criteria set 
                forth in paragraphs (1) through (4) of that section.
    (c) Extension Disapproval Process for Congressional Trade 
Authorities Procedures.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in section 5(b)--
                    (A) the trade authorities procedures apply to 
                implementing bills submitted with respect to trade 
                agreements entered into under subsection (b) before 
                July 1, 2005; and
                    (B) the trade authorities procedures shall be 
                extended to implementing bills submitted with respect 
                to trade agreements entered into under subsection (b) 
                after June 30, 2005, and before July 1, 2007, if (and 
                only if)--
                            (i) the President requests such extension 
                        under paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) neither House of the Congress adopts 
                        an extension disapproval resolution under 
                        paragraph (5) before June 1, 2005.
            (2) Report to congress by the president.--If the President 
        is of the opinion that the trade authorities procedures should 
        be extended to implementing bills described in paragraph 
        (1)(B), the President shall submit to the Congress, not later 
        than March 1, 2005, a written report that contains a request 
        for such extension, together with--
                    (A) a description of all trade agreements that have 
                been negotiated under subsection (b) and the 
                anticipated schedule for submitting such agreements to 
                the Congress for approval;
                    (B) a description of the progress that has been 
                made in negotiations to achieve the purposes, policies, 
                and objectives of this Act, and a statement that such 
                progress justifies the continuation of negotiations; 
                and
                    (C) a statement of the reasons why the extension is 
                needed to complete the negotiations.
            (3) Report to congress by the advisory committee.--The 
        President shall promptly inform the Advisory Committee for 
        Trade Policy and Negotiations established under section 135 of 
        the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2155) of the President's 
        decision to submit a report to the Congress under paragraph 
        (2). The Advisory Committee shall submit to the Congress as 
        soon as practicable, but not later than May 1, 2005, a written 
        report that contains--
                    (A) its views regarding the progress that has been 
                made in negotiations to achieve the purposes, policies, 
                and objectives of this Act; and
                    (B) a statement of its views, and the reasons 
                therefor, regarding whether the extension requested 
                under paragraph (2) should be approved or disapproved.
            (4) Reports may be classified.--The reports submitted to 
        the Congress under paragraphs (2) and (3), or any portion of 
        such reports, may be classified to the extent the President 
        determines appropriate.
            (5) Extension disapproval resolutions.--(A) For purposes of 
        paragraph (1), the term ``extension disapproval resolution'' 
        means a resolution of either House of the Congress, the sole 
        matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: 
        ``That the ____ disapproves the request of the President for 
        the extension, under section 3(c)(1)(B)(i) of the Trade 
        Promotion Authority Act of 2001, of the trade authorities 
        procedures under that Act to any implementing bill submitted 
        with respect to any trade agreement entered into under section 
        3(b) of that Act after June 30, 2005.'', with the blank space 
        being filled with the name of the resolving House of the 
        Congress.
            (B) Extension disapproval resolutions--
                    (i) may be introduced in either House of the 
                Congress by any member of such House; and
                    (ii) shall be referred, in the House of 
                Representatives, to the Committee on Ways and Means 
                and, in addition, to the Committee on Rules.
            (C) The provisions of sections 152(d) and (e) of the Trade 
        Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2192(d) and (e)) (relating to the floor 
        consideration of certain resolutions in the House and Senate) 
        apply to extension disapproval resolutions.
            (D) It is not in order for--
                    (i) the Senate to consider any extension 
                disapproval resolution not reported by the Committee on 
                Finance;
                    (ii) the House of Representatives to consider any 
                extension disapproval resolution not reported by the 
                Committee on Ways and Means and, in addition, by the 
                Committee on Rules; or
                    (iii) either House of the Congress to consider an 
                extension disapproval resolution after June 30, 2005.
    (d) Commencement of Negotiations.--In order to contribute to the 
continued economic expansion of the United States, the President shall 
commence negotiations covering tariff and nontariff barriers affecting 
any industry, product, or service sector, and to expand existing 
sectoral agreements to countries that are not parties to those 
agreements, in cases where the President determines that such 
negotiations are feasible and timely and would benefit the United 
States. Such sectors include agriculture, commercial services, 
intellectual property rights, industrial and capital goods, government 
procurement, information technology products, environmental technology 
and services, medical equipment and services, civil aircraft, and 
infrastructure products.

SEC. 4. CONSULTATIONS AND ASSESSMENT.

    (a) Notice and Consultation Before Negotiation.--
            (1) In general.--The President, with respect to any 
        agreement that is subject to the provisions of section 3(b), 
        shall--
                    (A) provide, at least 90 calendar days before 
                initiating negotiations, written notice to the Congress 
                of the President's intention to enter into the 
                negotiations and set forth therein the date the 
                President intends to initiate such negotiations, the 
                specific United States objectives for the negotiations, 
                and whether the President intends to seek an agreement, 
                or changes to an existing agreement; and
                    (B) before and after submission of the notice, 
                consult regarding the negotiations with the Committee 
                on Finance of the Senate and the  Committee on Ways and 
Means of the House of Representatives and such other committees of the 
House and Senate as the President deems appropriate.
            (2) Consultations regarding negotiations on certain 
        objectives.--
                    (A) Consultation.--In addition to the requirements 
                set forth in paragraph (1), before initiating 
                negotiations with respect to a trade agreement subject 
                to section 3(b) where the subject matter of such 
                negotiations includes any issue to which section 2(c) 
                applies, the President shall consult with the Committee 
                on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and 
                the Committee on Finance of the Senate and with the 
                appropriate advisory groups established under section 
                135 of the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to such 
                negotiations.
                    (B) Scope.--The consultations described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall concern how the negotiation will 
                address the issue identified in a manner that is 
                directly related to trade, is consistent with the 
                sovereignty of the United States, is trade expanding 
                and not protectionist, and does not affect any 
                country's ability to make changes to its laws that are 
                consistent with sound macroeconomic development.
            (3) Negotiations regarding agriculture.--Before initiating 
        negotiations the subject matter of which is directly related to 
        the subject matter under section 2(b)(6)(A)(i) with any 
        country, the President shall assess whether United States 
        tariffs on agricultural products that were bound under the 
        Uruguay Round Agreements are lower than the tariffs bound by 
        that country. In addition, the President shall consider whether 
        the tariff levels bound and applied throughout the world with 
        respect to imports from the United States are higher than 
        United States tariffs and whether the negotiation provides an 
        opportunity to address any such disparity. The President shall 
        consult with the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee 
        on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
        Committee on Finance and the Committee on Agriculture, 
        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate concerning the results of 
        the assessment, whether it is appropriate for the United States 
        to agree to further tariff reductions based on the conclusions 
        reached in the assessment, and how all applicable negotiating 
        objectives will be met.
    (b) Consultation With Congress Before Agreements Entered Into.--
            (1) Consultation.--Before entering into any trade agreement 
        under section 3(b), the President shall consult with--
                    (A) the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the 
                Senate; and
                    (B) each other committee of the House and the 
                Senate, and each joint committee of the Congress, which 
                has jurisdiction over legislation involving subject 
                matters which would be affected by the trade agreement.
            (2) Scope.--The consultation described in paragraph (1) 
        shall include consultation with respect to--
                    (A) the nature of the agreement;
                    (B) how and to what extent the agreement will 
                achieve the applicable purposes, policies, and 
                objectives of this Act; and
                    (C) the implementation of the agreement under 
                section 5, including the general effect of the 
                agreement on existing laws.
    (c) Advisory Committee Reports.--The report required under section 
135(e)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974 regarding any trade agreement 
entered into under section 3(a) or (b) of this Act shall be provided to 
the President, the Congress, and the United States Trade Representative 
not later than 30 days after the date on which the President notifies 
the Congress under section 3(a)(1) or 5(a)(1)(A) of the President's 
intention to enter into the agreement.
    (d) ITC Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The President, at least 90 calendar days 
        before the day on which the President enters into a trade 
        agreement under section 103(b), shall provide the International 
        Trade Commission (referred to in this subsection as ``the 
        Commission'') with the details of the agreement as it exists at 
        that time and request the Commission to prepare and submit an 
        assessment of the agreement as described in paragraph (2). 
        Between the time the President makes the request under this 
        paragraph and the time the Commission submits the assessment, 
        the President shall keep the Commission current with respect to 
        the details of the agreement.
            (2) ITC assessment.--Not later than 90 calendar days after 
        the President enters into the agreement, the Commission shall 
        submit to the President and the Congress a report assessing the 
        likely impact of the agreement on the United States economy as 
        a whole and on specific industry sectors, including the impact 
        the agreement will have on the gross domestic product, exports 
        and imports, aggregate employment and employment opportunities, 
        the production, employment, and competitive position of 
        industries likely to be significantly affected by the 
        agreement, and the interests of United States consumers.
            (3) Review of empirical literature.--In preparing the 
        assessment, the Commission shall review available economic 
        assessments regarding the agreement, including literature 
        regarding any substantially equivalent proposed agreement, and 
        shall provide in its assessment a description of the analyses 
        used and conclusions drawn in such literature, and a discussion 
        of areas of consensus and divergence between the various 
        analyses and conclusions, including those of the Commission 
        regarding the agreement.

SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF TRADE AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Notification and submission.--Any agreement entered 
        into under section 3(b) shall  enter into force with respect to 
the United States if (and only if)--
                    (A) the President, at least 90 calendar days before 
                the day on which the President enters into the trade 
                agreement, notifies the House of Representatives and 
                the Senate of the President's intention to enter into 
                the agreement, and promptly thereafter publishes notice 
                of such intention in the Federal Register;
                    (B) within 60 days after entering into the 
                agreement, the President submits to the Congress a 
                description of those changes to existing laws that the 
                President considers would be required in order to bring 
                the United States into compliance with the agreement;
                    (C) after entering into the agreement, the 
                President submits to the Congress a copy of the final 
                legal text of the agreement, together with--
                            (i) a draft of an implementing bill 
                        described in section 3(b)(3);
                            (ii) a statement of any administrative 
                        action proposed to implement the trade 
                        agreement; and
                            (iii) the supporting information described 
                        in paragraph (2); and
                    (D) the implementing bill is enacted into law.
            (2) Supporting information.--The supporting information 
        required under paragraph (1)(C)(iii) consists of--
                    (A) an explanation as to how the implementing bill 
                and proposed administrative action will change or 
                affect existing law; and
                    (B) a statement--
                            (i) asserting that the agreement makes 
                        progress in achieving the applicable purposes, 
                        policies, and objectives of this Act; and
                            (ii) setting forth the reasons of the 
                        President regarding--
                                    (I) how and to what extent the 
                                agreement makes progress in achieving 
                                the applicable purposes, policies, and 
                                objectives referred to in clause (i);
                                    (II) whether and how the agreement 
                                changes provisions of an agreement 
                                previously negotiated;
                                    (III) how the agreement serves the 
                                interests of United States commerce; 
                                and
                                    (IV) how the implementing bill 
                                meets the standards set forth in 
                                section 3(b)(3).
            (3) Reciprocal benefits.--In order to ensure that a foreign 
        country that is not a party to a trade agreement entered into 
        under section 3(b) does not receive benefits under the 
        agreement unless the country is also subject to the obligations 
        under the agreement, the implementing bill submitted with 
        respect to the agreement shall provide that the benefits and 
        obligations under the agreement apply only to the parties to 
        the agreement, if such application is consistent with the terms 
        of the agreement. The implementing bill may also provide that 
        the benefits and obligations under the agreement do not apply 
        uniformly to all parties to the agreement, if such application 
        is consistent with the terms of the agreement.
    (b) Limitations on Trade Authorities Procedures.--
            (1) For lack of notice or consultations.--
                    (A) In general.--The trade authorities procedures 
                shall not apply to any implementing bill submitted with 
                respect to a trade agreement entered into under section 
                3(b) if during the 60-day period beginning on the date 
                that one House of Congress agrees to a procedural 
                disapproval resolution for lack of notice or 
                consultations with respect to that trade agreement, the 
                other House separately agrees to a procedural 
                disapproval resolution with respect to that agreement.
                    (B) Procedural disapproval resolution.--For 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term ``procedural 
                disapproval resolution'' means a resolution of either 
                House of Congress, the sole matter after the resolving 
                clause of which is as follows: ``That the President has 
                failed or refused to notify or consult (as the case may 
                be) with Congress in accordance with section 4 or 5 of 
                the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2001 on 
                negotiations with respect to ____________ and, 
                therefore, the trade authorities procedures under that 
                Act shall not apply to any implementing bill submitted 
                with respect to that trade agreement.'', with the blank 
                space being filled with a description of the trade 
                agreement with respect to which the President is 
                considered to have failed or refused to notify or 
                consult.
            (2) Procedures for considering resolutions.--(A) Procedural 
        disapproval resolutions--
                    (i) in the House of Representatives--
                            (I) shall be introduced by the chairman or 
                        ranking minority member of the Committee on 
                        Ways and Means or the chairman or ranking 
                        minority member of the Committee on Rules;
                            (II) shall be referred to the Committee on 
                        Ways and Means and, in addition, to the 
                        Committee on Rules; and
                            (III) may not be amended by either 
                        Committee; and
                    (ii) in the Senate shall be original resolutions of 
                the Committee on Finance.
            (B) The provisions of section 152(d) and (e) of the Trade 
        Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2192(d) and (e)) (relating to the floor 
        consideration of certain resolutions in the House and Senate) 
        apply to procedural disapproval resolutions.
            (C) It is not in order for the House of Representatives to 
        consider any procedural disapproval resolution not reported by 
        the Committee on Ways and Means and, in addition, by the 
        Committee on Rules.
    (c) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate.--Subsection (b) 
of this section and section 3(c) are enacted by the Congress--
            (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of 
        Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such are 
        deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and 
        such procedures supersede other rules only to the extent that 
        they are inconsistent with such other rules; and
            (2) with the full recognition of the constitutional right 
        of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the 
        procedures of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and 
        to the same extent as any other rule of that House.

SEC. 6. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN TRADE AGREEMENTS.

    (a) Certain Agreements.--Notwithstanding section 3(b)(2), if an 
agreement to which section 3(b) applies--
            (1) is entered into under the auspices of the World Trade 
        Organization regarding the rules of origin work program 
        described in Article 9 of the Agreement on Rules of Origin 
        referred to in section 101(d)(10) of the Uruguay Round 
        Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(10)),
            (2) is entered into with Chile,
            (3) is entered into with Singapore, or
            (4) establishes a Free Trade Area for the Americas,
and results from negotiations that were commenced before the date of 
the enactment of this Act, subsection (b) shall apply.
    (b) Treatment of Agreements.--In the case of any agreement to which 
subsection (a) applies--
            (1) the applicability of the trade authorities procedures 
        to implementing bills shall be determined without regard to the 
        requirements of section 4(a), and any procedural disapproval 
        resolution under section 5(b)(1)(B) shall not be in order on 
        the basis of a failure or refusal to comply with the provisions 
        of section 4(a); and
            (2) the President shall consult regarding the negotiations 
        described in subsection (a) with the committees described in 
        section 4(a)(1)(B) as soon as feasible after the enactment of 
        this Act.

SEC. 7. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT GROUPS.

    (a) Appointment and Functions.--Not later than 30 days after the 
date on which the President provides notice under section 4(a)(1) of 
the President's intention to enter into negotiations with respect to a 
trade agreement--
            (1) the Speaker of the House of Representatives, upon the 
        recommendation of the chairman of the Committee on Ways and 
        Means, shall appoint 5 members (not more than 3 of whom are 
        members of the same political party) of such committee, and
            (2) the President pro tempore of the Senate, upon the 
        recommendation of the chairman of the Committee on Finance, 
        shall appoint 5 members (not more than 3 of whom are members of 
        the same political party) of such committee,
 to serve as members of a Congressional Oversight Group for the 
negotiations. Each such member shall be accredited by the United States 
Trade Representative on behalf of the President as official advisers to 
the United States delegation in the negotiations. Members of the 
Congressional Oversight Group shall consult with and provide advice to 
the Trade Representative regarding the formulation of specific 
objectives, negotiating strategies and positions, and the development 
of the trade agreement.
    (b) Additional Members.--
            (1) Authority to appoint.--In addition to the members 
        appointed under subsection (a) for a Congressional Oversight 
        Group--
                    (A) the Speaker of the House of Representatives may 
                appoint additional members of the House from any other 
                committee of the House or joint committee of Congress 
                to serve as members of the Congressional Oversight 
                Group; and
                    (B) the President pro tempore of the Senate may 
                appoint additional members of the Senate from any other 
                committee of the Senate or joint committee of Congress 
                to serve as members of the Congressional Oversight 
                Group.
        Members of the House and Senate appointed under this paragraph 
        shall be accredited by the United States Trade Representative 
        in the same manner as the members designated under subsection 
        (a).
            (2) Consultations.--Before appointing any member under 
        paragraph (1), the Speaker or the President pro tempore (as the 
        case may be) shall consult with--
                    (A) the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
                Committee on Ways and Means or the Committee on 
Finance, as appropriate; and
                    (B) the chairman and ranking minority member of the 
                committee from which the member will be appointed.
            (3) Affiliation.--Not more than 2 members from any 
        committee of Congress may be appointed under this subsection as 
        members of any Congressional Oversight Group. If 2 members are 
        appointed from a committee, they must be from different 
        political parties, and the number of members appointed for any 
        Congressional Oversight Group under this subsection from any 
        political party may not exceed by more than 2 the number of 
        members appointed for that Congressional Oversight Group from 
        any other political party.
    (c) Guidelines.--
            (1) Purpose and revision.--Within 120 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, the United States Trade 
        Representative shall develop written guidelines, in 
        consultation with the chairmen and ranking minority members of 
        the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives 
        and the Committee on Finance of the Senate, to facilitate the 
        useful and timely exchange of information between the Trade 
        Representative and the Congressional Oversight Groups 
        established under this section. The Trade Representative may 
        revise the guidelines from time to time as needed following 
        further such consultation.
            (2) Content.--The guidelines developed under paragraph (1) 
        shall provide for, among other things--
                    (A) regular, detailed briefings of each 
                Congressional Oversight Group regarding negotiating 
                objectives and positions and the status of the 
                negotiations with respect to which the group was 
                appointed, beginning as soon as practicable after the 
                appointment of the members of the group, with more 
                frequent briefings as trade negotiations enter the 
                final stage;
                    (B) access by members of each Congressional 
                Oversight Group, and staff with proper security 
                clearances, to pertinent documents relating to the 
                negotiations, including classified materials; and
                    (C) the closest practicable coordination between 
                the Trade Representative and each Congressional 
                Oversight Group at all critical periods during the 
                negotiations, including at negotiation sites.

SEC. 8. ADDITIONAL IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) In General.--At the time the President submits to the Congress 
the final text of an agreement pursuant to section 5(a)(1)(C), the 
President shall also submit a plan for implementing and enforcing the 
agreement. The implementation and enforcement plan shall include the 
following:
            (1) Border personnel requirements.--A description of 
        additional personnel required at border entry points, including 
        a list of additional customs and agricultural inspectors.
            (2) Agency staffing requirements.--A description of 
        additional personnel required by Federal agencies responsible 
        for monitoring and implementing the trade agreement, including 
        personnel required by the Office of the United States Trade 
        Representative, the Department of Commerce, the Department of 
        Agriculture (including additional personnel required to 
        implement sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to 
        obtain market access for United States exports), the Department 
        of the Treasury, and such other agencies as may be necessary.
            (3) Customs infrastructure requirements.--A description of 
        the additional equipment and facilities needed by the United 
        States Customs Service.
            (4) Impact on state and local governments.--A description 
        of the impact the trade agreement will have on State and local 
        governments as a result of increases in trade.
            (5) Cost analysis.--An analysis of the costs associated 
        with each of the items listed in paragraphs (1) through (4).
    (b) Budget Submission.--The President shall include a request for 
the resources necessary to support the plan described in subsection (a) 
in the first budget that the President submits to the Congress after 
the submission of the plan.

SEC. 9. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Title I of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 
et seq.) is amended as follows:
            (1) Implementing bill.--
                    (A) Section 151(b)(1) (19 U.S.C. 2191(b)(1)) is 
                amended by striking ``section 1103(a)(1) of the Omnibus 
                Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, or section 282 
                of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act'' and inserting 
                ``section 282 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, or 
                section 5(a)(1) of the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 
                2001''.
                    (B) Section 151(c)(1) (19 U.S.C. 2191(c)(1)) is 
                amended by striking ``or section 282 of the Uruguay 
                Round Agreements Act'' and inserting ``, section 282 of 
                the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, or section 5(a)(1) of 
                the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2001''.
            (2) Advice from international trade commission.--Section 
        131 (19 U.S.C. 2151) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``section 
                        123 of this Act or section 1102 (a) or (c) of 
                        the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 
                        1988,'' and inserting ``section 123 of this Act 
                        or section 3(a) or (b) of the Trade Promotion 
                        Authority Act of 2001,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                        ``section 1102 (b) or (c) of the Omnibus Trade 
                        and Competitiveness Act of 1988'' and inserting 
                        ``section 3(b) of the Trade Promotion Authority 
                        Act of 2001'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``section 
                1102(a)(3)(A)'' and inserting ``section 3(a)(3)(A) of 
                the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2001'' before the 
                end period; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``section 1102 
                of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988,'' 
                and inserting ``section 3 of the Trade Promotion 
                Authority Act of 2001,''.
            (3) Hearings and advice.--Sections 132, 133(a), and 134(a) 
        (19 U.S.C. 2152, 2153(a), and 2154(a)) are each amended by 
        striking ``section 1102 of the Omnibus Trade and 
        Competitiveness Act of 1988,'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``section 3 of the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 
        2001,''.
            (4) Prerequisites for offers.--Section 134(b) (19 U.S.C. 
        2154(b)) is amended by striking ``section 1102 of the Omnibus 
        Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988'' and inserting ``section 
        3 of the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2001''.
            (5) Advice from private and public sectors.--Section 135 
        (19 U.S.C. 2155) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by striking ``section 
                1102 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 
                1988'' and inserting ``section 3 of the Trade Promotion 
                Authority Act of 2001'';
                    (B) in subsection (e)(1)--
                            (i) by striking ``section 1102 of the 
                        Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988'' 
                        each place it appears and inserting ``section 3 
                        of the Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2001''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 1103(a)(1)(A) of 
                        such Act of 1988'' and inserting ``section 
                        5(a)(1)(A) of the Trade Promotion Authority Act 
                        of 2001''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e)(2), by striking ``section 
                1101 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 
                1988'' and inserting ``section 2 of the Trade Promotion 
                Authority Act of 2001''.
            (6) Transmission of agreements to congress.--Section 162(a) 
        (19 U.S.C. 2212(a)) is amended by striking ``or under section 
        1102 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988'' and 
        inserting ``or under section 3 of the Trade Promotion Authority 
        Act of 2001''.
    (b) Application of Certain Provisions.--For purposes of applying 
sections 125, 126, and 127 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2135, 
2136(a), and 2137)--
            (1) any trade agreement entered into under section 3 shall 
        be treated as an agreement entered into under section 101 or 
        102, as appropriate, of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 
        or 2112); and
            (2) any proclamation or Executive order issued pursuant to 
        a trade agreement entered into under section 3 shall be treated 
        as a proclamation or Executive order issued pursuant to a trade 
        agreement entered into under section 102 of the Trade Act of 
        1974.

SEC. 10. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen;
                    (B) a partnership, corporation, or other legal 
                entity organized under the laws of the United States; 
                and
                    (C) a partnership, corporation, or other legal 
                entity that is organized under the laws of a foreign 
                country and is controlled by entities described in 
                subparagraph (B) or United States citizens, or both.
            (2) Uruguay round agreements.--The term ``Uruguay Round 
        Agreements'' has the meaning given that term in section 2(7) of 
        the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3501(7)).
            (3) World trade organization.--The term ``World Trade 
        Organization'' means the organization established pursuant to 
        the WTO Agreement.
            (4) WTO agreement.--The term ``WTO Agreement'' means the 
        Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization entered 
        into on April 15, 1994.
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