# Patent

## Title
Pyrazolopyridines and analogs thereof

## Abstract

Pyrazolopyridin-4-amines, pyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, pyrazolonaphthyridin-4-amines, and 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazoloquinolin-4-amines, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, intermediates, methods of making, and methods of use of these compounds as immunomodulators, for inducing or inhibiting cytokine biosynthesis in animals and in the treatment of diseases including viral and neoplastic diseases, are disclosed.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/097,715, filed Apr. 1, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,544,697, which is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application Number PCT/US04/32480, with an international filing date of Oct. 1, 2004, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60/508,352, filed Oct. 3, 2003, 60/554,680, filed Mar. 19, 2004 and 60/603,303, filed Aug. 20, 2004, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND
In the 1950's the 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline ring system was developed, and 1-(6-methoxy-8-quinolinyl)-2-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline was synthesized for possible use as an antimalarial agent. Subsequently, syntheses of various substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines were reported. For example, 1-[2-(4-piperidyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline was synthesized as a possible anticonvulsant and cardiovascular agent. Also, several 2-oxoimidazo[4,5-c]quinolines have been reported.
Certain 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines and 1- and 2-substituted derivatives thereof were later found to be useful as antiviral agents, bronchodilators and immunomodulators. Subsequently, certain substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4-amine, quinolin-4-amine, tetrahydroquinolin-4-amine, naphthyridin-4-amine, and tetrahydronaphthyridin-4-amine compounds as well as certain analogous thiazolo and oxazolo compounds were synthesized and found to be useful as immune response modifiers (IRMs), rendering them useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders.
But despite important progress in the effort to find immunomodulating compounds, there is still a scientific and medical need for compounds that have an ability to modulate the immune response, by induction or inhibition of cytokine biosynthesis or other mechanisms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A new class of compounds useful for modulating cytokine biosynthesis has now been found. In one aspect, the present invention provides such compounds, which are of the Formulas I and Ia:




and more specifically the following compounds of the Formulas II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and LXXX:








wherein RA, RB, R′, R′′, RA1, RB1, R1, R2, R3, R3a, R, RA2, RB2, RA3, RB3, n, and m are as defined below; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and LXXX are useful as immune response modifiers (IRMs) due to their ability to modulate cytokine biosynthesis (e.g., induce or inhibit the biosynthesis or production of one or more cytokines) and otherwise modulate the immune response when administered to animals. Compounds can be tested per the test procedures described in the Examples Section. Compounds can be tested for induction of cytokine biosynthesis by incubating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a culture with the compound(s) at a concentration range of 30 to 0.014 μM and analyzing for interferon (α) or tumor necrosis factor (α) in the culture supernatant. Compounds can be tested for inhibition of cytokine biosynthesis by incubating mouse macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 in a culture with the compound(s) at a single concentration of, for example, 5 μM and analyzing for tumor necrosis factor (α) in the culture supernatant. The ability to modulate cytokine biosynthesis, for example, induce the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines, makes the compounds useful for treating various conditions such as viral diseases and neoplastic diseases, that are responsive to such changes in the immune response.
In another aspect, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions that contain the immune response modifier compounds, and methods of modulating (e.g., inducing or inhibiting) cytokine biosynthesis in an animal, treating a viral disease in an animal, and treating a neoplastic disease in an animal, by administering an effective amount of one or more compounds of the Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and/or LXXX and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to the animal.
In another aspect, the invention provides methods of synthesizing compounds of the Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and LXXX and intermediates useful in the synthesis of these compounds.
In another aspect, the invention provides prodrugs of compounds of the invention as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the prodrugs.
As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” are used interchangeably.
The terms “comprising” and variations thereof do not have a limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and claims.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The description that follows more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. Guidance is also provided herein through lists of examples, which can be used in various combinations. In each instance, the recited list serves only as a representative group and should not be interpreted as an exclusive list.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (I):




wherein:

RA and RB are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        hydrogen,
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R′′′ groups;
or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups;
R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R′ and R′′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and non-interfering substitutents;
R′′′ is a non-interfering substituent; and
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
with the proviso that at least one of RA, RB, R′, or R′′ is other than hydrogen; and with the further proviso that when RA and RB form a benzene ring unsubstituted or substituted with chloro, and R′ is hydrogen, then R′′ is other than phenyl or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxy, chloro, or fluoro;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (II):




wherein:

RA1 and RB1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        hydrogen,
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups, or substituted by one R3 group, or substituted by one R3 group and one R group;
or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups;
R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R3 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —Z—R4,
        —Z—X—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —Z—X—R5;
    
    


X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






Z is a bond or —O—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
with the proviso that at least one of RA1, RB1, R1, or R2 is other than hydrogen; and with the further proviso that when RA1 and RB1 form a fused benzene ring unsubstituted or substituted with chloro, and R1 is hydrogen, then R2 is other than phenyl or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxy, chloro, or fluoro;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments of Formula II, the above group from which Y is selected further includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (III):




wherein:

R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R3 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —Z—R4,
        —Z—X—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —Z—X—R5;
    
    


n is 0 to 4;
m is 0 or 1; with the proviso that when m is 1, then n is 0 or 1;
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






Z is a bond or —O—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7; with the proviso that when R1 is hydrogen, m is 0, and R is chloro, then R2 is other than phenyl or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxy, chloro, or fluoro;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments of Formula III, the above group from which Y is selected further includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—.
In other embodiments, the present invention provides compounds of the formulas (IV, V, VI, and VII):




wherein:

R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R3 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —Z—R4,
        —Z—X—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —Z—X—R5;
    
    


n is 0 or 1;
m is 0 or 1;
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(OR8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






Z is a bond or —O—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments of Formulas IV, V, VI, and VII, the above group from which Y is selected further includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. For certain of these embodiments, the compound or salt is selected from the group consisting of the formulas (IV and VII):




or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (VIII):




wherein:

R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


n is 0 to 4;
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments of Formula VIII, the above group from which Y is selected further includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (IX):




wherein:

RA2 and RB2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        hydrogen,
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
with the proviso that at least one of RA2, RB2, R1, or R2 is other than hydrogen;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments of Formula IX, the above group from which Y is selected further includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the formula (Ia):




wherein:

RA3 and RB3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        hydrogen,
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


or when taken together, RA3 and RB3 form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom or 5 to 7 membered saturated ring optionally containing one heteroatom wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of N and S and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, or 5 to 7 membered saturated ring optionally containing one heteroatom is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more non-interfering substituents;
R′ and R′′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and non-interfering substitutents; and
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
with the proviso that at least one of RA3, RB3, R′, or R′′ is other than hydrogen; and with the further proviso that when RA3 and RB3 form a benzene ring unsubstituted or substituted with chloro, and R′ is hydrogen, then R′′ is other than phenyl or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxy, chloro, or fluoro;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides compounds of the following formula (LXXX):




wherein:

R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        trifluoromethyl, and
        dialkylamino;
    
    


n is 0 or 1;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R3a is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —Y′—R4,
    
    






X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R9)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






Y′ is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(R8)—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Compounds of Formula LXXX are not only useful for modulating cytokine biosynthesis, but certain of these compounds are useful, for example, as prodrugs and/or intermediates in the preparation of compounds of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, and VIII.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides compound of the formula (II-1):




wherein:

Y′′ is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(═NR9)—;
R11 is alkyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, C1-4 alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, arylC1-4 alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl, haloC1-4 alkyl, haloC1-4 alkoxy, —O—C(O)—CH3, —CO2CH3, —CONH2, —O—CH2—CONH2, —NH2, and —SO2—NH2;
RA1 and RB1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        hydrogen,
        halogen,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups, or substituted by one R3 group, or substituted by one R3 group and one R group;
or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups;
R is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        halogen,
        hydroxy,
        alkyl,
        alkenyl,
        haloalkyl,
        alkoxy,
        alkylthio, and
        —N(R9)2;
    
    


R1 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R2 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —R4,
        —X—R4,
        —X—Y—R4, and
        —X—R5;
    
    


R3 is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —Z—R4,
        —Z—X—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—R4,
        —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
        —Z—X—R5;
    
    


X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:

    
    
        —O—,
        —S(O)0-2—,
        —S(O)2—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—,
        —C(R6)—O—,
        —O—C(R6)—,
        —O—C(O)—O—,
        —N(R8)-Q-,
        —C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
        —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
        —O—N(R8)-Q-,
        —O—N═C(R4)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—,
        —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—,
        —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,
    
    






Z is a bond or —O—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
with the proviso that at least one of RA1, RB1, R1, or R2 is other than hydrogen; and with the further proviso that when RA1 and RB1 form a fused benzene ring unsubstituted or substituted with chloro, and R1 is hydrogen, then R2 is other than phenyl or phenyl substituted with methyl, methoxy, chloro, or fluoro;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. For certain embodiments, Y′′ is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)— and —C(O)—O—, and R11 is C1-6 alkyl.
Compounds and salts of Formula II-1 are useful as prodrugs for compounds and salts of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX.
Herein, “non-interfering” means that the ability of the compound or salt, which contains a non-interfering substituent, to modulate (e.g., induce or inhibit) the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines is not destroyed by the non-interfering substitutent. Illustrative non-interfering R′ groups include those described herein for R1. Illustrative non-interfering R′′ groups include those described herein for R2. Illustrative non-interfering substituents (e.g., R′′′) for a substituted, fused aryl or heteroaryl ring, formed when RA and RB (in Formula I) or RA3 and RB3 (in Formula Ia) are taken together, include those described herein for R and R3. Illustrative non-interfering substituents for a substituted, fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring optionally containing one heteroatom, formed when RA and RB (in Formula I) or RA3 and RB3 (in Formula Ia) are taken together, include those described herein for R.
As used herein, the terms “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl” and the prefix “alk-” are inclusive of both straight chain and branched chain groups and of cyclic groups, i.e. cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, these groups contain from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with alkenyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and alkynyl groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, these groups have a total of up to 10 carbon atoms, up to 8 carbon atoms, up to 6 carbon atoms, or up to 4 carbon atoms. Cyclic groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic and preferably have from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary cyclic groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, and substituted and unsubstituted bornyl, norbornyl, and norbornenyl.
Unless otherwise specified, “alkylene”, “alkenylene”, and “alkynylene” are the divalent forms of the “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, and “alkynyl” groups defined above. The terms, “alkylenyl”, “alkenylenyl”, and “alkynylenyl” are use when “alkylene”, “alkenylene”, and “alkynylene”, respectively, are substituted. For example, an arylalkylenyl group comprises an alkylene moiety to which an aryl group is attached.
The term “haloalkyl” is inclusive of groups that are substituted by one or more halogen atoms, including perfluorinated groups. This is also true of other groups that include the prefix “halo-”. Examples of suitable haloalkyl groups are chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and the like.
The term “aryl” as used herein includes carbocyclic aromatic rings or ring systems. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl and indenyl.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroatom” refers to the atoms O, S, or N.
The term “heteroaryl” includes aromatic rings or ring systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N). In some embodiments, the term “heteroaryl” includes a ring or ring system that contains 2-12 carbon atoms, 1-3 rings, 1-4 heteroatoms, and O, S, and N as the heteroatoms. Suitable heteroaryl groups include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, triazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, purinyl, quinazolinyl, pyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and so on.
The term “heterocyclyl” includes non-aromatic rings or ring systems that contain at least one ring heteroatom (e.g., O, S, N) and includes all of the fully saturated and partially unsaturated derivatives of the above mentioned heteroaryl groups. In some embodiments, the term “heterocyclyl” includes a ring or ring system that contains 2-12 carbon atoms, 1-3 rings, 1-4 heteroatoms, and O, S, and N as the heteroatoms. Exemplary heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, quinuclidinyl, homopiperidinyl (azepanyl), 1,4-oxazepanyl, homopiperazinyl (diazepanyl), 1,3-dioxolanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, dihydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, octahydroisoquinolin-(1H)-yl, dihydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, octahydroquinolin-(2H)-yl, dihydro-1H-imidazolyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-3-yl, and the like.
The term “heterocyclyl” includes bicyclic and tricyclic heterocyclic ring systems. Such ring systems include fused and/or bridged rings and spiro rings. Fused rings can include, in addition to a saturated or partially saturated ring, an aromatic ring, for example, a benzene ring. Spiro rings include two rings joined by one spiro atom and three rings joined by two spiro atoms.
The terms “arylene,” “heteroarylene,” and “heterocyclylene” are the divalent forms of the “aryl,” “heteroaryl,” and “heterocyclyl” groups defined above. The terms, “arylenyl”, “heteroarylenyl”, and “heterocyclylenyl” are used when “arylene,” “heteroarylene,” and “heterocyclylene”, respectively, are substituted. For example, an alkylarylenyl group comprises an arylene moiety to which an alkyl group is attached.
The term “fused aryl ring” includes fused carbocyclic aromatic rings or ring systems. Examples of fused aryl rings include benzo, naphtho, fluoreno, and indeno. In certain embodiments, the fused aryl ring is benzo.
The term “fused heteroaryl ring” includes the fused forms of 5 or 6 membered aromatic rings that contain one heteroatom selected from S and N. In certain embodiments, the fused heteroaryl ring is pyrido or thieno. In certain embodiments, the fused heteroaryl ring is pyrido. In certain of these embodiments, the pyrido ring is




wherein the highlighted bond indicates the position where the ring is fused.

The term “fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring” includes rings which are fully saturated except for the bond where the ring is fused. In certain embodiments, the ring is a cyclohexene ring. In certain embodiments wherein one heteroatom (N or S) is present, the ring is tetrahydropyrido or dihydrothieno. In certain embodiments, the ring is tetrahydropyrido. In certain of these embodiments, the ring is




wherein the highlighted bond indicates the position where the ring is fused.

When a group (or substituent or variable) is present more than once in any formula described herein, each group (or substituent or variable) is independently selected, whether explicitly stated or not. For example, for the formula —N(R8)—C(R6)—N(R8)— each R8 group is independently selected. In another example, when an R2 and an R3 group both contain an R4 group, each R4 group is independently selected. In a further example, when more than one Y group is present (i.e., R2 and R3 both contain a Y group) and each Y group contains one or more R8 groups, then each Y group is independently selected, and each R8 group is independently selected.
The invention is inclusive of the compounds described herein and salts thereof, in any of their pharmaceutically acceptable forms, including isomers (e.g., diastereomers and enantiomers), solvates, polymorphs, prodrugs, and the like. In particular, if a compound is optically active, the invention specifically includes each of the compound's enantiomers as well as racemic mixtures of the enantiomers. It should be understood that the term “compound” or the term “compounds” includes any or all of such forms, whether explicitly stated or not (although at times, “salts” are explicitly stated).
The term “prodrug” means a compound that is transformed in vivo to yield a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compound. The transformation may occur by various mechanisms, such as through hydrolysis, for example, in the blood. A discussion of the use of prodrugs is provided by T. Higuchi and W. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” Vol. 14 of the A. C. S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.
For example, if a compound of the present invention contains a carboxylic acid functional group, a prodrug can comprise an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as C1-8 alkyl, C2-12 alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, 1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, 1-methyl-1-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms, 1-(N-(alkoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, 3-phthalidyl, 4-crotonolactonyl, gamma-butyolacton-4-yl, di-N,N—C1-2 alkylaminoC2-3 alkyl (such as dimethylaminoethyl), carbamoyl-C1-2 alkyl, N,N-diC1-2 alkylcarbamoyl-C1-2 alkyl and piperidino-, pyrrolidino-, or morpholinoC2-3 alkyl.
If a compound of the present invention contains an alcohol functional group, a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the alcohol group with a group such as C1-6 alkanoyloxymethyl, 1-(C1-6 alkanoyloxy)ethyl, 1-methyl-1-(C1-6 alkanoyloxy)ethyl, C1-6 alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N—(C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl, succinoyl, C1-6 alkanoyl, α-aminoC1-4 alkanoyl, arylacyl and α-aminoacyl, or α-aminoacyl-α-aminoacyl, where each α-aminoacyl group is independently selected from the naturally occurring L-amino acids, P(O)(OH)2, P(O)(O—C1-6 alkyl)2 or glycosyl (the radical resulting from the removal of a hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal form of a carbohydrate).
A prodrug can also be formed by replacement of a hydrogen atom in the 4-amino group or in another amino group in a compound of the present invention with a group such as R′′′′-carbonyl, R′′′′—O-carbonyl, N(R′′′′)(R′′′′′)-carbonyl where R′′′′ and R′′′′′ are each independently C1-10 alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, benzyl, or R′′′′-carbonyl is a natural α-aminoacyl or natural α-aminoacyl-natural α-aminoacyl, —C(OH)C(O)OY′′′ wherein Y′′′ is H, C1-6alkyl or benzyl, —C(OY0)Y1 wherein Y0 is C1-4 alkyl and Y1 is C1-6 alkyl, carboxyC1-16 alkyl, aminoC1-4 alkyl or mono-N— or di-N,N—C1-6 alkylaminoalkyl, —C(Y2)Y3 wherein Y2 is H or methyl and Y3 is mon-N— or di-N,N—C1-6 alkylamino, morpholino, piperidin-1-yl or pyrrolidin-1-yl.
Compounds and intermediates of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the invention. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example proton tautomers (protrotropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations. In another example, when compounds of the present invention have a hydrogen atom at the 2-position, proton migration between the 2- and 3-positions may occur.
The compounds of the present invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. The present invention embraces both solvated and unsolvated forms.
In some embodiments, compounds of the invention (for example, compounds of Formulas Ia and I-IX, including embodiments thereof described herein) induce the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines, for example, IFN-α and/or TNF-α.
In some embodiments, compounds of the invention (for example, compounds of Formulas Ia and I-IX, including embodiments thereof described herein) inhibit the biosynthesis of one or more cytokines, for example, TNF-α.
For any of the compounds presented herein, each one of the following variables (e.g., R, R′, R′′, R′′′, R1, R2, R3, n, m, A, X, Y, Z, and so on) in any of its embodiments can be combined with any one or more of the other variables in any of their embodiments and associated with any one of the formulas described herein, as would be understood by one of skill in the art. Each of the resulting combinations of variables is an embodiment of the present invention.
For certain embodiments of Formula I, each of R, R′, R′′, and R′′′ is independently a non-interfering substituent. For certain embodiments, each R′ and R′′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and non-interfering substituents.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2; or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more non-interfering substituents; or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2; or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R′′′ groups; or when taken together, RA and RB form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups; wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB form a fused aryl or heteroaryl ring.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB form a fused aryl ring.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB form a fused heteroaryl ring.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring.
In some embodiments of Formula I, RA and RB form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S. In certain embodiments the heteroatom is N.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio and —N(R9)2; or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S wherein the aryl or heteroaryl ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups, or substituted by one R3 group, or substituted by one R3 group and one R group; or when taken together, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, and unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups; wherein R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2; and R3 is selected from the group consisting of —Z—R4, —Z—X—R4, —Z—X—Y—R4, —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and —Z—X—R5.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused aryl ring.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused benzene ring which is unsubstituted.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused heteroaryl ring.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused pyridine ring which is unsubstituted.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S, wherein the ring is unsubstituted.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring.
In some embodiments of Formula II, RA1 and RB1 form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring containing one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N and S. In certain embodiments the heteroatom is N.
In some embodiments of Formula IX, RA2 and RB2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2. In certain of these embodiments, RA2 and RB2 are each independently alkyl. In certain of these embodiments, RA2 and RB2 are each methyl.
In some embodiments of Formula Ia, RA3 and RB3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2; or when taken together, RA3 and RB3 form a fused aryl ring or heteroaryl ring containing one heteroatom or a 5 to 7 membered saturated ring containing one heteroatom wherein the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of N and S and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, or 5 to 7 membered saturated ring is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more non-interfering substituents.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas I through VIII), R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, and —N(R9)2.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas I through VIII and particularly Formula III), R is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and methoxy. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formula III), m is 0. In certain of these embodiments, m is 0 and n is 1.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formula LXXX), R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, trifluoromethyl, and dialkylamino.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. In certain of these embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




R5 is selected from the group consisting of





and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain of these embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,





R5 is selected from the group consisting of





R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—.

In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, —X—Y—X1—Y1—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one —O— group;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—,




X1 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and arylene;
Y1 is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —C(O)—N(R8)—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, and —N(R8)—C(O)—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, and —N(R4)—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—S—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene; Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo; and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl.

In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two oxo groups, aryloxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, aminoalkylenyl, haloalkylenyl, alkylsulfonylalkylenyl, —X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein X is alkylene; Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—C(S)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—N(R8)—, or




R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and R5 is





In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of C1-5 alkyl, C2-5 alkynyl, arylC1-4 alkylenyl, cycloalkylC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, haloC1-4 alkylenyl, aminoC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two halogen groups, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and oxo. In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, the above group from which R′ is selected also includes hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, cyanoC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkoxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, amino(hydroxyimino)C2-5 alkylenyl, NH2—C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-O—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heterocyclyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl; and wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and alkyl; and wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and oxo.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, pent-4-ynyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminobutyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl, 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl, 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, and 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl. In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, the above group from which R′ is selected also includes hydrogen, hydroxymethyl, 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl, 2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl, 3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(acetylamino)ethyl, 2-(propionylamino)ethyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl, 2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 4-(hydroxyimino)butyl, 4-(methoxyimino)butyl, and 5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl. In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, the above group from which R′ is selected also includes 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. In certain of these embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R9)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R9)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




R5 is selected from the group consisting of




and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain of these embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR8)—,





R5 is selected from the group consisting of





R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—.

In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, and —X—Y—R4; wherein:
X is alkylene that is optionally terminated by arylene or heterocyclylene;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—, and




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and in the case of heterocyclyl, oxo;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is in selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, and —S(O)2—N(R8)—.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and hydroxyalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and alkoxyalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alkoxyalkylenyl.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, and arylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl, and arylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments of Formulas I and Ia, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and benzyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and benzyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. In certain embodiments, R′′ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl.
In some embodiments of Formula I, one or more R′′′ groups are present. In certain of these embodiments, R′′′ is one or more R groups, or one R group and one R3 group, or one R3 group.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, —X—Y—X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R4)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




R5 is selected from the group consisting of





and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain of these embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,





R5 is selected from the group consisting of





R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—.

In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, —X—Y—X—Y1—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one —O— group;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—,




X1 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and arylene;
Y1 is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —C(O)—N(R8)—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, and —N(R8)—C(O)—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, and —N(R4)—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—S—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene; Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo; and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl.

In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclylalkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two oxo groups, aryloxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, aminoalkylenyl, haloalkylenyl, alkylsulfonylalkylenyl, —X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein X is alkylene; Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—C(S)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—N(R8)—, or




R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and R5 is





In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkylenyl, —X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein X is alkylene; Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—, or




R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and R5 is





In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —X—R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —X—Y—R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —X—Y—X—Y—R5.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —X—Y—X1—Y1—R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is —X—R5.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-5 alkyl, C2-5 alkynyl, arylC1-4 alkylenyl, cycloalkylC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, haloC1-4 alkylenyl, aminoC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two halogen groups, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and oxo. In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), the above group from which R1 is selected also includes hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, cyanoC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkoxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, amino(hydroxyimino)C2-5 alkylenyl, NH2—C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-O—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heterocyclyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl; and wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and alkyl; and wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, and oxo.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-5 alkyl, arylC1-4 alkylenyl, cycloalkylC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, haloC1-4 alkylenyl, aminoC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and oxo.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, aminoC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, and di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two oxo groups.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, pent-4-ynyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminobutyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl, 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl, 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, and 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl. In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), the above group from which R1 is selected also includes hydrogen, hydroxymethyl, aminomethyl, 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl, 2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl, 3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(acetylamino)ethyl, 2-(propionylamino)ethyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl, 2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, (1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, 1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl, [1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, 2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 4-(hydroxyimino)butyl, 4-(methoxyimino)butyl, and 5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formula VIII), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, pent-4-ynyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminobutyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl, 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl, 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, and 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, and 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl. In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), the above group from which R1 is selected also includes 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, and 2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, ethyl, and 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, and ethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and 2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is 2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is straight chain C1-4 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is branched C1-4 alkyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, and butyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of pent-4-ynyl and 2-phenylethyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is 2-phenylethyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl and 2-amino-2-methylpropyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is 2-amino-2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminobutyl, 4-chlorobutyl, and 4-acetoxybutyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is phenyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, and 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkyleneoxyC1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is diC1-4 alkyl-N—S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, and 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is NH2—C(O)-alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is alkyl-C(O)-alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is hydrogen.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, and 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is C1-6 alkyl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is N(C1-4 alkyl)2-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is heteroaryl-NH—C(R6)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is heterocyclyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, and 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, and 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, and 4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl, and 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl.
Each of the embodiments for R1 described above can be combined with one or more embodiments for R2 described below. Each of the resulting combinations is an embodiment.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, —X—Y—R4, and —X—R5; wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




R5 is selected from the group consisting of





and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,





R5 is selected from the group consisting of





R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—.

In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of —R4, —X—R4, and —X—Y—R4; wherein:
X is alkylene that is optionally terminated by arylene or heterocyclylene;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—, and




R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and in the case of heterocyclyl, oxo;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is in selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, and —S(O)2—N(R8)—.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is —R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is —X—R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is —X—Y—R4.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and hydroxyalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and alkoxyalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alkoxyalkylenyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, and arylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl.
In some embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl, and arylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl.
In some embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and benzyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and benzyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R2 is methyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and benzyl. In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), the above group from which R1 is selected also includes 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl and 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl. In certain of these embodiments, m and n are 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and benzyl. In certain of these embodiments, m and n are 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, ethyl, and 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl. In certain of these embodiments m and n are 0. In certain of these embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, and ethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through IX and LXXX), R1 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III through VII), R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl. In certain of these embodiments, m and n are 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III through VII), R1 is 2-methylpropyl;

    and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. In certain of these embodiments, m and n are 0.


In some embodiments of Formula VIII, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl. In certain of these embodiments, n is 0.
In some embodiments of Formula VIII, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, and 2-methylpropyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl. In certain of these embodiments, n is 0.
In some embodiments of Formula VIII, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and 2-methylpropyl; R2 is methyl. In certain of these embodiments, n is 0.
In some embodiments of Formula IX, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and 2-methylpropyl; and R2 is methyl. In certain of these embodiments, RA2 and RB2 are each methyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of —Z—R4, —Z—X—R4, —Z—X—Y—R4, —Z—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and —Z—X—R5 wherein:
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




Z is a bond or —O—;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In certain of these embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




R5 is selected from the group consisting of





and R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain of these embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,





R5 is selected from the group consisting of





R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—.

In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VIII), R3 is at the 7-position of the pyrazoloquinoline or pyrazolonaphthyridine.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkylsulfonylalkyleneoxy, alkylsulfonylaminoalkyleneoxy, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyleneoxy, aryl, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkyleneoxy; wherein aryl and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, heterocyclylcarbonyl, and dialkylaminocarbonyl; and wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and oxo.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, arylalkyleneoxy, and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and halogen, m is 1, and n is 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyleneoxy, and heteroaryl, wherein aryl, arylalkyleneoxy, and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl and halogen.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyloxy, 3-furyl, pyridin-3-yl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 6-chloropyridin-3-yl, 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl, 6-methylpyridin-3-yl, 3-quinolin-3-yl, thiazol-4-ylmethoxy, p-toluoyl, (4-chlorobenzyl)oxy, and (4-methylbenzyl)oxy.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyloxy, 3-furyl, pyridin-3-yl, p-toluoyl, (4-chlorobenzyl)oxy, and (4-methylbenzyl)oxy.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is selected from the group consisting of benzyloxy, (4-chlorobenzyl)oxy, (4-methylbenzyl)oxy, thiazol-4-ylmethoxy, phenyl, p-toluoyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl, 3-furyl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, 6-chloropyridin-3-yl, 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl, 6-methylpyridin-3-yl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl, and quinolin-3-yl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl, 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl, quinolin-3-yl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, or 3-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)phenyl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is 1,3-thiazol-4-ylmethoxy, (1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methoxy, or pyridin-3-ylmethoxy.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas I through VII), R3 is 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy, 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy, 2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethoxy, 2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy, 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy, 3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy, 3-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)propoxy, 3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy, 2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethoxy, and




wherein R is alkylsulfonyl or alkylcarbonyl.

In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R3 is alkyl-S(O)2—NH—(CH2)2-3—O—, alkyl-S(O)2—(CH2)2-3—O—, or alkyl-C(O)—NH—(CH2)2-3—O—.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas II through VII), R1 is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl,

    R2 is 2-hydroxyethyl, and R3 is phenyl which is substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from chloro and fluoro.


In some embodiments, including any one of the above embodiments which particularly defines R3, R3 is at the 7-position of the pyrazoloquinoline or pyrazolonaphthyridine. In certain of these embodiments, m is 1, and n is 0.
In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo. In certain of these embodiments, R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.
In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo.
In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo.
In some embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and in the case of heterocyclyl, oxo.
In some embodiments, R4 is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R4 is alkyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is aryl. In certain embodiments, R4 is heteroaryl.
In some embodiments, R5 is selected from the group consisting of




In some embodiments, R5 is selected from the group consisting of




In some embodiments, R5 is selected from the group consisting of




In some embodiments, R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S. In certain embodiments, R6 is ═O. In certain embodiments, R6 is ═S.
In some embodiments, R7 is C2-7 alkylene. In certain embodiments, R7 is C3-4 alkylene.
In some embodiments, R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is hydrogen, alkyl, or hydroxyalkylenyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R8 is alkyl.
In some embodiments, R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl. In certain embodiments, R9 is alkyl. In certain embodiments, R9 is hydrogen.
In some embodiments, R10 is C3-8 alkylene. In certain embodiments, R10 is C4-5 alkylene.
In some embodiments, A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—. In certain embodiments, A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, and —N(R4)—. In certain embodiments, A is —O—.
In some embodiments, A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—.
In some embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—. In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—. In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—S—. In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, and —S(O)2—N(R8)—. In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, and —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—. In certain embodiments, Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, —S(O)2—, and —C(O)—N(R8)—.
In some embodiments, V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—. In certain embodiments, V is —C(R6)—. In certain embodiments, V is —N(R8)—C(R6)—.
In some embodiments, W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—. In certain embodiments, W is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—. In certain embodiments, W is a bond.
In some embodiments, X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups.
In some embodiments, X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one —O— group.
In some embodiments, X is alkylene that is optionally terminated by arylene or heterocyclylene.
In some embodiments, X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene.
In some embodiments, X is alkylene. In certain embodiments, X is C1-4 alkylene.
In some embodiments, X1 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and arylene. In certain embodiments, X1 is alkylene. In certain embodiments, X1 is C1-4 alkylene. In certain embodiments, X1 is arylene.
In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—, —O—N(R8)-Q-, —O—N═C(R4)—, —C(═N—O—R8)—, —CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,




In some embodiments, the above group from which Y is selected also includes —C(═N—O—R8)—NH—.
In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)0-2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—O—, —O—C(R6)—, —O—C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, —O—C(R6)—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—N(OR9)—,




In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—,




In some embodiments, Y is selected from the group consisting of —S(O)2—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —N(R8)-Q-, —C(O)—N(R8)—, and




In some embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—C(S)—N(R8)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—N(R8)—, or




In some embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—, or




In some embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—, —N(R8)—S(O)2—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, or —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—. In certain embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—. In certain embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—S(O)2—. In certain embodiments, Y is —S(O)2—N(R8)—. In certain embodiments, Y is —N(R8)—C(O)—N(R8)—.
In some embodiments, Y1 is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, —C(O)—N(R8)—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, and —N(R8)—C(O)—. In some embodiments, Y1 is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —C(O)—, and —C(O)—O—.
In some embodiments, Z is a bond or —O—. In certain embodiments, Z is a bond. In certain embodiments, Z is —O—.
In some embodiments, a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7. In some embodiments, a and b are each the integer 2.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III-VII), n is 0, or m is 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III-VII), m and n are 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III-VII), m is 0, and n is 1.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formulas III-VII), m is 1, and n is 0.
In some embodiments (e.g., of Formula VIII), n is 0.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of any one of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, LXXX, II-1, or any one of the above embodiments in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt of any one of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, LXXX, II-1, or any one of the above embodiments or administering any one of the above pharmaceutical compositions to the animal.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a viral disease in an animal in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of any one of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, LXXX, II-1, or any one of the above embodiments or administering any one of the above pharmaceutical compositions to the animal.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of any one of Formulas I, Ia, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, LXXX, II-1, or any one of the above embodiments or administering any one of the above pharmaceutical compositions to the animal.
Preparation of Compounds
Compounds of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme I, where R, R1, R2, and n are defined as above. Ketoesters of Formula X in Reaction Scheme I and their sodium salts are known and can be prepared from a variety of ketones using conventional methods, such as the Claisen condensation, Claisen, L., Berichte, 42, 59 (1909).
Numerous functionalized ketones useful as Claisen condensation starting materials are commercially available; others can be prepared by known methods. For example, tert-butyl 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutylcarbamate, also called (1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester, has been reported, Peschke, B. et al, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, pp. 363-380, (1999). In another example, 4-(propylthio)butan-2-one can be prepared by combining 1-propanethiol and 4-chloro-2-butanone at ambient temperature in the presence of sodium hydride in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and isolating the product using conventional methods. In a third example, a Michael addition can be carried out with phenyl vinyl sulfone and a carbanion generated from methyl acetoacetate and sodium methoxide. The resulting Michael adduct can be decarboxylated under acidic conditions, for example hydrochloric acid in methanol, to provide 5-(phenylsulfonyl)pentan-2-one.
In step (1) of Reaction Scheme I, a sodium salt of a compound of Formula X reacts with a hydrazine of Formula R2NHNH2 to provide a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI. The reaction is conveniently carried out by slowly adding the hydrazine to a solution of the salt of a compound of Formula X in a suitable solvent such as acetic acid. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
If step (1) is carried out using hydrazine, the resulting pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI where R2 is hydrogen can be alkylated using known synthetic methods, Auwers, K. v., Hollman, H., Berichte, 59, 606 (1926), to provide a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI where R2 is defined as above. The alkylation is conveniently carried out by treating a solution of the pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI, where R2 is hydrogen, with a base such as sodium ethoxide followed by an alkylating agent of Formula R2—Halide. The reaction is run in a suitable solvent such as ethanol and can be carried out at an elevated temperature, for example, the reflux temperature of the solvent, or at ambient temperature. Numerous reagents of Formula R2—Halide are commercially available; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. The pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI can be isolated from the reaction and separated from its isomer using conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme I, the ester group of a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI is converted to an amide. The amination is conveniently carried out by adding ammonium hydroxide to the pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI in a suitable solvent such as methanol and heating at an elevated temperature such as 100° C. The reaction can be carried out in a pressure vessel. The resulting pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII can be isolated using conventional methods.
Alternatively, step (2) can be carried out by first hydrolyzing a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI to a carboxylic acid and then converting the carboxylic acid to an amide. The ester hydrolysis can be carried out under basic conditions by combining a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI with lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in water and in a suitable solvent such as methanol or ethanol. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the carboxylic acid product can be isolated using conventional methods. The conversion of the carboxylic acid to a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII can be carried out by first treating the carboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane to generate an acid chloride, which can then be treated with ammonium hydroxide at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. Alternatively, the conversion of the carboxylic acid to a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII can be carried out under coupling conditions by adding 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to a solution of the carboxylic acid in a suitable solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at ambient temperature and then adding concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme I, a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII is dehydrated to a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII. Suitable dehydrating agents include thionyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, and phosphorous oxychloride. The reaction is conveniently carried out by treating the pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII with phosphorous oxychloride and heating the reaction at an elevated temperature such as 90° C. The reaction can also be carried out by combining the pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XII with trifluoroacetic anhydride in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme I, a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII is brominated to provide a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV. The bromination is conveniently carried out by adding bromine to a solution of the pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII and potassium acetate in acetic acid. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (5) of Reaction Scheme I, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XV to form a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula XVI. Reagents of Formula XV, where M is, for example, —B(OH)2, —B(O-alkyl)2, —Sn(alkyl)3, and —Zn-Halide, are known to undergo coupling reactions. Several reagents of Formula XV are commercially available; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. For example, tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected anilines undergo directed ortho metalation in the presence of butyllithium reagents. The resulting organolithium intermediate reacts with electrophiles such as B(O-alkyl)3 and ClSn(alkyl)3 to provide compounds of Formula XV, where M is —B(O-alkyl)2 or —B(OH)2 and —Sn(alkyl)3, respectively, after removal of the Boc protecting group.
In step (5), a Suzuki coupling reaction is conveniently carried out by heating a mixture of the bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV, palladium (II) acetate, triphenylphosphine, and a boron reagent of Formula XV, where M is —B(OH)2 or —B(O-alkyl)2, in the presence of a base such as sodium carbonate. The reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture such as n-propanol:water and can be heated at an elevated temperature such as 100° C. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme I, the amine and nitrile functionalities of a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula XVI react under acidic conditions to form a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVII, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. The intramolecular addition is conveniently carried out by stirring acetyl chloride in ethanol and adding the resulting acidic solution to the pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula XVI. The reaction is then heated at reflux to provide the pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVII. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Alternatively, in steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme I, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV undergoes a Suzuki coupling with a reagent of Formula XLII.




Some compounds of Formula XLII are known or can be prepared by known synthetic methods; see, Rocca, P. et al, Tetrahedron, 49, pp. 49-64 (1993). The Suzuki coupling reaction can be carried out according to the method described above. The resulting pivaloylamino-substituted compound undergoes a base-promoted intramolecular cyclization in step (6) of Reaction Scheme I and subsequent cleavage of the pivaloyl group to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVII. The reaction is conveniently carried out by heating the pivaloylamino-substituted coupling product with potassium tert-butoxide in a suitable solvent such as ethanol at an elevated temperature such as the reflux temperature of the solvent. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.

For some embodiments, compounds in Reaction Scheme I can be further elaborated using conventional synthetic methods. For example, R1 can be a 2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl group if tert-butyl 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutylcarbamate is used as the starting ketone to make the ketoester of Formula X. The tert-butoxycarbonyl group is removed under the acidic cyclization conditions described in step (6) to provide a 2-amino-2-methylpropyl group, which can be converted to an amide, a sulfonamide, a sulfamide, or a urea using the methods described below in step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII.
In another example, an olefin-containing R1 group may be oxidized to an epoxide by conventional methods. The oxidation is conveniently carried out prior to step (4) of Reaction Scheme I by adding 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to a solution of a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII, which contains an olefin substituent, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction may be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated by conventional methods. The epoxide can be opened during the bromination in step (4) by combining the compound of Formula XIII, which contains an epoxide substituent, with two equivalents of bromine in acetic acid at ambient temperature to provide a compound of Formula XIV substituted at R1 with a vicinal bromohydrin. The bromohydrin may then be reduced under free radical conditions to provide a compound of Formula XIV substituted with a hydroxyalkyl group. The reduction may be carried out by adding tributyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile at ambient temperature to a bromohydrin-substituted compound of Formula XIV in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The product may be isolated by conventional methods and then subjected to steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme I. Using these methods an R1 2-methylpropenyl group can be converted into a 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl group.
A hydroxy group introduced at the R1 position according to the above method can be treated with sodium hydride to form an alkoxide, which is reacted with a vinyl sulfone of Formula CH2═CH—S(O)2—R4 to provide a compound in which R1 is —X—Y—R4, wherein Y is —SO2—. The reaction can be carried out by adding catalytic sodium hydride dispersed in mineral oil to a solution of a compound of Formula XIV, wherein R1 has hydroxy group, and a vinyl sulfone in a suitable solvent such DMF or tetrahydrofuran. The reaction can be run at ambient temperature. The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods and then subjected to steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme I. Many vinyl sulfones are commercially available or can be prepared using known synthetic methods. These methods can be used to provide a compound of Formula XVII, wherein R1 is a 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl group.
In another example, R1 can be —X—Y—R4, wherein Y is —S—. The thioether group may be oxidized to a sulfone prior to step (2) of Reaction Scheme I to provide a compound where R1 is —X—Y—R4 and Y is —SO2—. The oxidation is conveniently carried out by adding 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to a solution of a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XI in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform. The product may be isolated by conventional methods and then subjected to steps (2) through (6) of Reaction Scheme I.




Pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridines of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme II, where R, R1, R2, and n are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme II, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XVIII or a positional isomer thereof, where M is as defined above, to form a pyrazole-substituted aminopyridine of Formula XIX. Reagents of Formula XVIII and its isomers can be prepared using known methods, for example, by directed ortho metalation of Boc-protected aminopyridines and subsequent electrophilic substitution. Alternatively, for some isomers, halogen-lithium exchange and subsequent electrophilic substitution can be used. For example, halogen-lithium exchange can be carried out on a 2-bromopyridine that has a protected amino group in the 3-position; subsequent electrophilic substitution with tributyltin chloride and deprotection of the amino group provides 3-amino-2-tri-n-butylstannylpyridine, a useful reagent for step (1) of Reaction Scheme II. The coupling reaction in step (1) of Reaction Scheme II can be carried out as described for step (5) of Reaction Scheme I.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme II, the amine and nitrile functionalities of a pyrazole-substituted aminopyridine of Formula XIX react under acidic conditions to form a pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridine of Formula XX, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, VI, and Ia, or an isomer thereof. Step (2) of Reaction Scheme II can be carried out as described for step (6) of Reaction Scheme I, and the product can be isolated by conventional methods.




Compounds of the invention can also be prepared according to Reaction Scheme III, where n is defined as above and Ra, R1a, and R2a are subsets of R, R1, and R2 as defined above that do not include those substituents which one skilled in the art would recognize as being susceptible to oxidation in step (5). These susceptible substituents include —S— or heteroaryl groups.
Acetals of Formula XXI are reported in the literature and can be prepared using known synthetic methods, Royals, E. E., Robinson, A. G. III, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 78, 4161 (1956). For example, a ketone of Formula CH3C(O)R1a can be condensed with ethyl diethoxyacetate under Claisen condensation conditions to provide an acetal of Formula XXI. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding sodium tert-butoxide to a solution of ethyl diethoxyacetate and the ketone of Formula CH3C(O)R1a in ethanol and heating the reaction at reflux. Numerous ketones of Formula CH3C(O)R1a are commercially available. Others can be readily prepared using known synthetic methods. Amido ketones can be prepared according to the literature procedure, Ritter, J. J. and Minieri, P. P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 4045, (1948) by adding a nitrile of Formula R4—CN to an α,β-unsaturated ketone under acidic conditions.
In step (1) of Reaction Scheme III, an acetal of Formula XXI is reacted with a hydrazine of Formula R2a—NH—NH2 to provide a pyrazole of Formula XXII. The reaction is conveniently carried out by slowly adding the hydrazine to a solution of an acetal of Formula XXI in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The reaction can be run at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme III, the acetal in the pyrazole of Formula XXII is converted to an aldehyde under acidic conditions. The reaction is conveniently carried out by treating the acetal-substituted pyrazole of Formula XXII with hydrochloric acid in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature to provide an aldehyde-substituted pyrazole of Formula XXIII. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme III, a pyrazole of Formula XXIII is brominated to provide a bromo-substituted pyrazole of Formula XXV. The reaction can be carried out as described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme I.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme III, a bromo-substituted pyrazole of Formula XXIV undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XV, where M is defined as above. The reaction is conveniently carried out using the Suzuki reaction conditions described in step (5) of Reaction Scheme I. Under these reaction conditions, intramolecular condensation of the amine with the aldehyde group takes place to form a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XXV. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (5) of Reaction Scheme III, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XXV is oxidized to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XXVI using a conventional oxidizing agent capable of forming N-oxides. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid to a solution of a compound of Formula XXV in a solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme III, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XXVI is aminated to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XVIIa, a subgenus of Formulas I, I, III, and Ia. Step (6) can be carried out by the activation of an N-oxide of Formula XXVI by conversion to an ester and then reacting the ester with an aminating agent. Suitable activating agents include alkyl- or arylsulfonyl chlorides such as benzenesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. Suitable aminating agents include ammonia, in the form of ammonium hydroxide, for example, and ammonium salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphate. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding ammonium hydroxide to a solution of the N-oxide of Formula XXVI in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform and then adding p-toluenesulfonyl chloride. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Alternatively step (6) can be carried out by the reaction of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-5N-oxide of Formula XXVI with trichloroacetyl isocyanate followed by base-promoted hydrolysis of the resulting intermediate to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XVIIa. The reaction is conveniently carried out in two steps by (i) adding trichloroacetyl isocyanate to a solution of the N-oxide of Formula XXVI in a solvent such as dichloromethane and stirring at ambient temperature to provide an isolable amide intermediate. In step (ii), a solution of the intermediate in methanol is treated with a base such as sodium methoxide at ambient temperature. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




Pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridines of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme IV, where Ra, R1a, R2a, and n are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme IV, a bromo-substituted pyrazole of Formula XXIV undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XVIII, where M is defined as above, or one of its isomers. Step (1) of Reaction Scheme IV can be carried out as described for step (5) of Reaction Scheme I, and under these reaction conditions an intramolecular addition can take place to provide the pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridine of Formula XXVII.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme IV, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridine of Formula XXVII is oxidized to a pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridine-5N-oxide of Formula XXVIII, which is aminated in step (3) to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridin-4-amine of Formula XXa, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, VI, and Ia, or an isomer thereof. Steps (2) and (3) of Reaction Scheme IV can be carried out as described for steps (5) and (6), respectively, of Reaction Scheme III.




Tetrahydroquinolines of the invention may be prepared according to Reaction Scheme V, where n is as defined above and Rb, R1b, and R2b are subsets of R, R1, and R2 as defined above that do not include those substituents that one skilled in the art would recognize as being susceptible to reduction under the acidic hydrogenation conditions of the reaction. These susceptible groups include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl groups and groups bearing nitro substituents. However, a compound of Formula XVII bearing an aryl substituent at R1, for example, may be used as a substrate in the reaction to provide a compound of Formula XXIX where the aryl group is reduced. In this manner, a phenylethyl group at R1 may be converted to a cyclohexylethyl group.
As shown in Reaction Scheme V, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XVIIb can be reduced to a 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula XXIX, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, VIII, and Ia. The reaction may be carried out under heterogeneous hydrogenation conditions by adding platinum (IV) oxide to a solution or suspension of the compound of Formula XVIIb in a suitable solvent such as trifluoroacetic acid and placing the reaction under hydrogen pressure. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.




Pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme VI, where R1, R2, RA2, and RB2 are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme VI, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV undergoes a Sonogashira coupling reaction with (trimethylsilyl)acetylene to provide a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XXX. The reaction can be carried out according to the literature procedure, Sonogashira, K.; Tohda, Y.; Hagihara, N., Tetrahedron Lett., 4467 (1975).
Alternatively, an iodo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIVa may be used as a starting material for Reaction Scheme VI. A compound of Formula XIVa is prepared from a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII, shown in Reaction Scheme I. The iodination is conveniently carried out by treating a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIII with iodine monochloride in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme VI, the trimethylsilyl group of the pyrazole of Formula XXX is removed to provide the pyrazole of Formula XXXI. Potassium carbonate in methanol or tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran can be used to carry out the transformation.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme VI, the acetylene of the pyrazole of Formula XXXI is alkylated using conventional synthetic methods, Jacobs, T. L. in Organic Reactions, 5, 1, (1949), to provide a pyrazole of Formula XXXII. The reaction can be carried out by deprotonation of the compound of Formula XXXI with a base and reaction of the resulting carbanion with an electrophile of Formula RB2-Halide, for example, iodomethane. Step (3) can be omitted when RB2 is hydrogen.
For some embodiments, steps (1) through (3) of Reaction Scheme VI may be replaced with one step from a compound of Formula XIVa using a Sonogashira coupling reaction. The coupling is conveniently carried out by combining an alkyne of Formula RB2—C≡C—H, copper(I) iodide, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), and triethylamine in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile and then heating at an elevated temperature, such as the reflux temperature of the solvent. The product of Formula XXXII can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme VI, a pyrazole of Formula XXXII reacts with ammonia to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula XIII, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, IX, and Ia. The reaction can be carried out by adding a solution of ammonia in methanol to the pyrazole of Formula XXXII and heating at an elevated temperature, such as 150° C. The reaction may be carried out in a pressure vessel. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
Steps (5) and (6) may be carried out to provide a compound of Formula IX in which RA2 is other than hydrogen. In step (5) of Reaction Scheme VI, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula XXXIII is brominated under conventional bromination conditions to provide a bromo-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula XXXIV, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, IX, and Ia. The reaction can be carried out as described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme I.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme VI, a bromo-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula XXXIV undergoes a transition metal catalyzed coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula RA2-M, where RA2 is alkenyl, alkoxy, and —N(R9)2 to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula IX. Reagents of Formula RA2-M, where M is, for example, —B(OH)2, —B(O-alkyl)2, —Sn(alkyl)3, and —Zn-Halide, are known to undergo coupling reactions. The transformation can be carried out by first protecting the amino group of the compound of Formula XXXIV, treating the protected compound with a reagent of Formula RA2-M in the presence of a transition metal catalyst using conditions described in step (5) of Reaction Scheme I, and deprotecting the amine to provide the pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-4-amine of Formula IX. Alternatively, step (6) can be carried out by coupling a compound of Formula XXXIV with an alkyne under Sonogashira conditions as described in step (1) of this reaction scheme. The resulting alkyne can be reduced under conventional hydrogenation conditions to provide a compound of Formula IX, where RA2 is alkenyl or alkyl. Step (6) may also be carried out by (i) protecting the amino group of the compound of Formula XXXIV, for example, with a Boc group; (ii) performing a lithium-halogen exchange; (iii) treating with an electrophile of the Formula RA2-Halide, for example iodomethane; and (iv) deprotecting the amine to provide a compound of Formula IX. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention are prepared according to Reaction Scheme VII, wherein R, R2, R4, R8, Q, M, and n are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme VII, 4-phthalimido-2-butanone, which is obtained from the literature procedure, Eriks et al, J. Med. Chem., 35, 3239-3246, (1992), undergoes a Claisen condensation with diethyl oxalate under conventional conditions to yield a compound of Formula XXXV.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme VII, a compound of Formula XXXV reacts with a hydrazine of Formula R2NHNH2 to provide a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XXXVI. The reaction is conveniently carried out as described in Step (1) of Reaction Scheme I.
In steps (3) and (4) of Reaction Scheme VII, a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XXXVI is converted to a pyrazole carboxamide. In step (3) the pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XXXVI is first hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to provide a carboxylic acid of Formula XXXVII. The reaction is conveniently carried out by heating a mixture of the carboxylate of Formula XXXVI in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid at an elevated temperature, such as 100-120° C. The product can be isolated by conventional methods. In step (4), a carboxylic acid of Formula XXXVII is then converted to its acid chloride. The reaction is conveniently carried out by heating (115° C.) the carboxylic acid of Formula XXXVII with thionyl chloride in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The acid chloride can be isolated by conventional methods before converting it to a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula xXXVIII. The conversion to the amide is conveniently carried out by adding concentrated ammonium hydroxide to a solution of the acid chloride in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (5) of Reaction Scheme VII, a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XXXVIII is dehydrated to a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XXXIX. Suitable dehydrating agents include thionyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, and phosphorous oxychloride. The reaction is conveniently carried out by treating a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula XXXVIII with excess thionyl chloride in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The reaction can be run at elevated temperature, for example, at the reflux temperature of the solvent, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme VII, a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XXXIX is brominated according to the method described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme I to provide a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XL.
In step (7) of Reaction Scheme VII, the phthalimide protecting group of the pyrazole of Formula XL is removed to reveal an amine, which is then protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group. The deprotection is conveniently carried out by treating the compound of Formula XL with hydrazine in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The reaction can be run at an elevated temperature, such as the reflux temperature of the solvent, and the amine can be isolated using conventional methods. The Boc protection is then conveniently carried out by treating the amine with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a suitable solvent such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product of Formula XLI can be isolated by conventional methods.
In steps (8) and (9a) of Reaction Scheme VII, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XLI undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XV to form a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula XLIII, which undergoes intramolecular cyclization and removal of the Boc group under acidic conditions in step (9a) to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. Steps (8) and (9a) of Reaction Scheme VII can be carried out as described in steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme I.
Alternatively, in step (8) of Reaction Scheme VII, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XLI undergoes a Suzuki coupling with a reagent of Formula XLII.




The resulting pivaloylamino-substituted compound undergoes a base-promoted intramolecular cyclization in step (9) of Reaction Scheme VII and subsequent cleavage of the pivaloyl group to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLIV, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. The reaction with XLII and the base-promoted cyclization are carried out as described in steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme I. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.

In step (10) of Reaction Scheme VII, the Boc protecting group on a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLIV is removed to provide an aminoethyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. The deprotection is conveniently carried out under acidic conditions by adding hydrogen chloride in ethanol to a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLIV in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The reaction can be run at ambient temperature, and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII, an aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is converted to an amide, sulfonamide, sulfamide, or urea of Formula XLVI using conventional methods. Formula XLVI represents a subgenus of Formula I, II, III, and Ia. In step (11), an aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV can react with an acid chloride of Formula R4C(O)Cl to provide a compound of Formula XLVI in which -Q- is —C(O)—. In addition, an aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV can react with sulfonyl chloride of Formula R4S(O)2Cl or a sulfonic anhydride of Formula (R4S(O)2)2O to provide a compound of Formula XLVI in which -Q- is —S(O)2—. Numerous acid chlorides of Formula R4C(O)Cl, sulfonyl chlorides of Formula R4S(O)2Cl, and sulfonic anhydrides of Formula (R4S(O)2)2O are commercially available; others can be readily prepared using known synthetic methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding the acid chloride of Formula R4C(O)Cl, sulfonyl chloride of Formula R4S(O)2Cl, or sulfonic anhydride of Formula (R4S(O)2)2O to a solution of the aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV in a suitable solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane, or DMF. Optionally a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine can be added. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Ureas of Formula XLVI, where -Q- is —C(O)—N(R8)— and R8 is as defined above, can be prepared by reacting an aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with isocyanates of Formula R4N═C═O or with carbamoyl chlorides of Formula R4N—(R8)—C(O)Cl. Numerous isocyanates of Formula R4N═C═O and carbamoyl chlorides of Formula R4N—(R8)—C(O)Cl are commercially available; others can be readily prepared using known synthetic methods. The reaction can be conveniently carried out by adding the isocyanate of Formula R4N═C═O or carbamoyl chloride of Formula R4N—(R8)—C(O)Cl to a solution of the aminoethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XLV in a suitable solvent such as DMF or chloroform. Optionally a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine can be added. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. Alternatively, a compound of Formula XLV can be treated with an isocyanate of Formula R4(CO)N═C═O, a thioisocyanate of Formula R4N═C═S, or a sulfonyl isocyanate of Formula R4S(O)2N═C═O to provide a compound of Formula XLVI, where -Q- is —C(O)—N(R8)—(CO)—, —C(S)—N(R8)—, or —C(O)—N(R8)—S(O)2—, respectively. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Sulfamides of Formula XLVI, where -Q- is —S(O)2—N(R8)—, can be prepared by reacting a compound or salt of Formula XLV with sulfuryl chloride to generate a sulfamoyl chloride in situ, and then reacting the sulfamoyl chloride with an amine of formula HN(R8)R4. Alternatively, sulfamides of Formula XLVI can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula XLV with a sulfamoyl chloride of formula R4(R8)N—S(O)2Cl. The product or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods. Many amines of Formula HN(R8)R4 and some sulfamoyl chlorides of formula R4(R8)N—S(O)2Cl are commercially available; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention are prepared according to Reaction Scheme VII; wherein R, R2, R4, R8, Q, M, Y, and n are as defined above; Xa is alkylene optionally interrupted with one or more —O— groups, wherein there are at least three atoms in the linking chain; and R4a is heterocyclyl that is unsubstituted or substituted as defined in R4 above, wherein the heterocyclyl is attached at a nitrogen atom. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme VIII, a chloro-substituted ketoester of Formula XLVII reacts with a hydrazine of Formula R2NHNH2 to provide a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XLVIII. Compounds of Formula XLVII are readily prepared by reacting diethyl oxalate with ketones of Formula CH3—C(O)—Xa—Cl under Claisen condensation conditions. Some ketones of Formula CH3—C(O)—Xa—Cl are commercially available; others can be prepared by known synthetic methods. The reaction in step (1) is conveniently carried out as described in step (1) of Reaction Scheme I.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme VIII, a chloro-substituted pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XLVIII is converted to an acetate-substituted pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XLIX. The reaction is conveniently carried out by treating a chloro-substituted pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XLVIII with potassium acetate and sodium iodide in a suitable solvent such as DMF. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 90° C., and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme VIII, the ester group of a pyrazole carboxylate of Formula XLIX is converted to an amide according to the reaction conditions described in step (2) of Reaction Scheme I. Under the reaction conditions, the acetate group of the compound of Formula XLIX is converted to a hydroxyl group to provide a compound of Formula L, which can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme VIII, a pyrazole carboxamide of Formula L is dehydrated to a pyrazole carbonitrile according to the reaction conditions described in step (3) of Reaction Scheme I. Under these reaction conditions, the hydroxyl group of the compound of Formula L is converted to a chloro group to provide a compound of Formula LI, which can be isolated using conventional methods.
In steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme VII, a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula LI is first brominated to provide a pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula LII, which then undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction to provide a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula LIII. Steps (5) and (6) of Reaction Scheme VIII are conveniently carried out as described in steps (4) and (5) of Reaction Scheme I.
In step (7) of Reaction Scheme VIII, the amine and nitrile functionalities of a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula LIII react under acidic conditions to form a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV, which is a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. The intramolecular addition is conveniently carried out by heating at reflux a pyrazole-substituted aniline of Formula LIII in the presence of hydrogen chloride in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The reaction may also be carried out as described in step (6) of Reaction Scheme I. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (8) or (8a) of Reaction Scheme VIII, a chloro-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV reacts with a nucleophile to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LV or LVa, subgenera of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. For example, a compound of Formula LIV can react with methanesulfonamide to provide a compound of Formula LV, wherein —Y—R4 is —NH—S(O)2—CH3. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining sodium hydride and methanesulfonamide in a suitable solvent such as DMF and then adding a compound of Formula LIV and sodium iodide. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 80-90° C. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
Also, in step (8) of Reaction Scheme VIII, the chloro group on a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV can be displaced by a thiol under basic conditions to provide a compound of Formula LV where —Y— is —S—. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding a thiol to a solution of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV in the presence of a base such as potassium tert-butoxide in a suitable solvent such as DMF. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods. A compound of Formula LV where —Y— is —S— can then be oxidized to a compound of Formula LV where —Y— is —S(O)2— using conventional oxidizing agents. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding peracetic acid to the compound of Formula LV where —Y— is —S— in a suitable solvent. The conversion of a compound of Formula LIV to a compound of Formula LV where —Y— is —S(O)2— can conveniently be carried out in one pot without isolating the thioether from the reaction mixture. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
Alternatively, the chloro group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV can displaced with potassium thioacetate. The reaction is conveniently carried out at ambient temperature by adding potassium thioacetate to a solution of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV in a suitable solvent such as DMF. The thioacetate group can then be cleaved under basic conditions at ambient temperature by adding a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol to provide a compound of Formula LV wherein —Y—R4 is —SH. A thiol-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LV can then be oxidized by treatment with chlorine, prepared in situ from benzyltributylammonium chloride and trichloroisocyanuric acid, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane at 0° C. to provide a sulfonyl chloride, which is then treated with an amine hydrochloride of Formula (R4)(R8)NH.HCl followed by aqueous potassium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane to provide a compound of Formula LV wherein —Y— is —S(O)2—N(R8)—. The reaction with the amine hydrochloride can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
The chloro group on a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV can also be displaced by an amine of Formula




several of which are commercially available. Other amines of this formula can be prepared by conventional methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV and the amine in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate and in a suitable solvent such as DMF. Catalytic sodium iodide can optionally be added. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 50° C. or 90-100° C., and the product can be isolated by conventional methods. These reaction conditions can also be used employing a variety of tertiary amines to provide compounds of Formula LV wherein Y is —N(R8)—, a variety of phenols to provide compounds of Formula LV wherein Y is —O— and R4 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group, or employing a variety of commercially available cyclic amines in step (8a) to provide compounds of Formula LVa.

In step (9) of Reaction Scheme VIII, the chloro group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV is displaced by potassium phthalimide to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LVI. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining potassium phthalimide, sodium iodide, and a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIV in a suitable solvent such as DMF and heating at an elevated temperature such as 90-100° C. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (10) of Reaction Scheme VIE, the phthalimide protecting group of the pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LVI is removed to reveal an amine of Formula LVII, a subgenus of Formula I, II, III, and Ia. The deprotection is conveniently carried out by treating the compound of Formula LVI with hydrazine in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The reaction can be run at an elevated temperature, such as the reflux temperature of the solvent, and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (11) of Reaction Scheme VIII, an aminoalkylpyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LVII or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is converted to an amide, sulfonamide, sulfamide, or urea of Formula LVIII, which is a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. Step (11) of Reaction Scheme VIII can be carried out using the procedures described for step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




Compounds of the invention are also prepared by Reaction Scheme IX, wherein R2c is —R4, —Xc—R4, and —Xc—Y—R4; Xc is alkylene optionally terminated with arylene; and R, R1, Y, R4, and n are as defined above. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme IX, the benzyl group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIX is cleaved to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LX, which is a subgenus of Formulas I, II, III, and Ia. Benzyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LIX are available from the reactions shown in Reaction Schemes I, III, VII, and VIII using benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride in steps (1), (1), (2), and (1), respectively. Step (1) is conveniently carried out by heating the benzyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIX in the presence of hydrogen bromide and a suitable solvent such as acetic acid at an elevated temperature such as 150° C. Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out under hydrogenolysis conditions by exposing the benzyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIX to hydrogen pressure in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent such as methanol. The reaction is conveniently carried out in a Parr vessel at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature such as 50° C. The product of Formula LX or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
In addition to 2-benzyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LIX, 2-tert-butyl pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines are also convenient starting materials for Reaction Scheme IX. The cleavage of a tert-butyl group is conveniently carried out with aqueous hydrochloric acid at an elevated temperature, such as 100° C., and the product of Formula LX can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme IX, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LX is alkylated to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXI, a subgenus of Formulas I, II, II, and Ia. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding an alkyl halide of Formula Halide-R4, Halide-Xc—R4, or Halide-Xc—Y—R4 to a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LX in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as DMF. The reaction can be run at ambient temperature. Several alkyl halides of the Formulas Halide-R4, Halide-Xc—R4, and Halide-Xc—Y—R4 are commercially available, including many substituted alkyl iodides and bromides and substituted benzyl iodides and bromides. Other alkyl halides can be prepared by known synthetic methods. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Various functional groups can be introduced in step (2) of Reaction Scheme IX, and further synthetic elaboration is possible. For example, an alkyl halide of Formula Cl-alkylene-I can be used in step (2) to provide a compound of Formula LXI, wherein R2c is a chloroalkylenyl group. The chloro group can then be displaced using one of a variety of methods described in steps (8) or (8a) of Reaction Scheme VIII. In another example, 4-bromobutylphthalimide can be used as the alkyl halide in step (2), and the resulting compound of Formula LXI bearing a phthalimide-protected amino group can be treated with hydrazine monohydrate to remove the phthalimide group. The deprotection is conveniently carried out in a suitable solvent such as ethanol at an elevated temperature, such as the reflux temperature. The resulting aminoalkyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXI can then be treated according to step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII to provide a compound of Formula LXI wherein R2c is -alkylene-N(R8)-Q-R4, and R4, R8, and Q are as defined above.
For some preferred embodiments, a compound of Formula LXI wherein R2c is an ethoxy- or methoxyalkylenyl group is treated with boron tribromide to provide a compound of Formula LXI wherein R2c is a hydroxyalkylenyl group. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding a solution of boron tribromide to a compound of Formula LXI, wherein R2c is an alkoxyalkylenyl group, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be run at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C., and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




For some embodiments, tetrahydroquinolines of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme X, wherein Rb, R2b, and n are as defined above and Xb is alkylene optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups. Amino-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LXII or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be prepared using any of the methods shown in Reaction Schemes I, VII, and VIII.
In step (1) of Reaction Scheme X, an amino-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXII is reduced to a tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXIII according to the method described in Reaction Scheme V. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme X, an amino-substituted tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXIII is converted to an amide, sulfonamide, sulfamide, or urea of Formula LXIV, which is a subgenus of Formulas I, II, VIII, and Ia. Step (2) of Reaction Scheme X can be carried out using the procedures described for step (1) of Reaction Scheme VII. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme XI, wherein n is as defined above; Rc is R for pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines or Rb for tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines; R2d is R2 for pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines or R2b for tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines; R4s is R4 as defined above, with the proviso that the substituent on the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, or heterocyclyl group is not amino or alkylamino, or two R4s groups in the same molecule can join to form a saturated ring or partially saturated ring system optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; Xd is alkylene optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups, wherein there are at least two atoms in the linking chain; Boc is tert-butoxycarbonyl; and the bonds represented by dashed lines may be present or absent.
In step (1) of Reaction Scheme XI, the amino group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIVa is protected with two Boc groups to provide a compound of Formula LXV. Pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LIVa can be prepared according to steps (1) through (7) of Reaction Scheme VIII. Tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LIVa can be prepared by reducing a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIVa according to the method described in Reaction Scheme V. The protection reaction is conveniently carried out by combining a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or for tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LIVa with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of base, such as a combination of triethylamine and catalytic 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The product can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme XI, a chloro-substituted compound of Formula LXV is converted to an acetate-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVI according to the method described in step (2) of Reaction Scheme VIII.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme XI, the acetate protecting group of a compound of Formula LXVI is removed to provide a hydroxy-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVII. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining a compound of Formula LXVI and potassium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as methanol at ambient temperature. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme XI, the alcohol of Formula LXVII is oxidized to an aldehyde-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVIII using conventional methods, for example, Swern oxidation conditions. The Swern oxidation is conveniently carried out by adding a compound of Formula LXVII followed by triethylamine to a mixture of oxalyl chloride and dimethylsulfoxide in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at sub-ambient temperatures, such as −78° C., and the product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (5) of Reaction Scheme XI, an aldehyde-substituted compound of Formula LXVIII is converted to an alkenyl- or alkynyl-substituted compound of Formula LXIX. The conversion to an alkynyl-substituted compound is conveniently carried out by adding diethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate to the aldehyde-substituted compound of Formula LXVIII in the presence of a mild base such as potassium carbonate. The reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or methanol at ambient temperature. The aldehyde-substituted compound of Formula LXVIII can be converted to an alkenyl-substituted compound of Formula LXIX using synthetic methods well known to those skilled in the art; such methods include the Wittig reaction. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme XI, the alkene or alkyne dipolarophile of Formula LXIX undergoes a cycloaddition reaction with a nitrone of Formula LXX or a nitrile oxide formed from an α-chloroaldoxime of Formula LXXI to provide a isoxazole, isoxazoline, or isoxazolidine-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXII. Nitrones of Formula LXX are known and can be prepared by known methods. See, for example, Dicken, C. M. and DeShong, P., J. Org. Chem., 47, pp. 2047-2051 (1982). Nitrones of Formula LXX wherein two vicinal R4, groups join to form a saturated carbon ring can be prepared according to the literature procedures: Thesing, J.; Sirrenberg, W., Chem. Ber., 92, p. 1748, (1959) and Iwashita, T. et al., J. Org. Chem., 47, p. 230, (1982). The cycloaddition reaction shown in step (6) can be carried out by combining the nitrone of Formula LXX with a compound of Formula LXIX in a suitable solvent such as toluene and heating at an elevated temperature, for example, the reflux temperature of the solvent. Nitrones of Formula LXX can also be prepared in situ by combining a hydroxylamine of Formula R4s—NH—OH or a hydrochloride salt thereof and an aldehyde or ketone of Formula (R4s)2C═O with a compound of Formula LXIX in the presence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate and alumina. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
α-Chloroaldoximes of Formula LXXI can be prepared by treating an aldoxime of Formula R4s(H)C═N—OH with N-chlorosuccinimide at ambient temperature or at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. in a suitable solvent such as DMF or THF. The resulting α-chloroaldoxime of Formula LXXI is combined with a compound of Formula LXIX in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to generate a nitrile oxide in situ and effect the cycloaddition reaction. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or THF. The product can be isolated using conventional methods. When an alkynyl-substituted compound of Formula LXIX is combined with an α-chloroaldoxime of Formula LXXI under these conditions, the product is an isoxazole of Formula LXXII.
In step (7) of Reaction Scheme XI, the Boc protecting groups are removed from a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXII according to the method described in step (10) of Reaction Scheme VII. The reaction may be run at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature such as 60° C., and the product of Formula LXXIII or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
The Boc groups can be removed from other compounds shown in Reaction Scheme XI to provide pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of the invention. For example, the conditions described in step (7) can be used to treat compounds of Formula LXVII, LXVII, or LXIX to reveal pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amines or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amines with a hydroxy, aldehyde, alkene, or alkyne group at R1.
Some compounds shown in Reaction Scheme XI are useful starting materials for the preparation of other compounds of the invention. For example, a hydroxyalkyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVII can be treated with N-hydroxyphthalimide under Mitsunobu reaction conditions to provide an N-phthalimide-protected hydroxylamine. The reaction is conveniently carried out by adding triphenylphosphine and N-hydroxyphthalimide to a solution of the alcohol of Formula LXVII in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or DMF and then slowly adding diisopropyl azodicarboxylate. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature, such as 60° C. The phthalimide group can then be removed from the resulting N-phthalimide-protected hydroxylamine by treatment with hydrazine at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as ethanol. The resulting hydroxylamine can then be treated with one of numerous commercially available aldehydes or ketones in a suitable solvent such as methanol to provide an oxime. The Boc protecting groups of the resulting compound can then be removed as described in step (7) of Reaction Scheme XI to provide a compound of the invention, wherein R1 is —X—Y—R4 or —X—R5, where X is Xd, which is defined above, Y is
—O—N═C(R4)—, R5 is




and R4 a, b, and A′ are as defined above. Alternatively, the hydroxylamine prepared after the hydrazine deprotection may be treated with one of numerous acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides, or sulfamoyl chlorides as described in step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII to provide, after removal of the Boc protecting groups, a compound of the invention wherein R1 is —X—Y—R4 where X is Xd, Y is —O—NH-Q-, and Q and R4 are as defined above.

In another example, an aldehyde-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVIII can optionally be treated with a Grignard reagent of Formula R4—Mg—X under conventional Grignard conditions to provide a secondary alcohol. It may be necessary to remove the Boc groups prior to this reaction and install different amine protecting groups known to one skilled in the art to be less reactive toward Grignard reagents. The secondary alcohol can then be oxidized under Swern conditions as described in step (4) of Reaction Scheme XI, and the protecting groups may subsequently be removed to provide a ketone, which is a compound of the invention wherein R1 is —X—Y—R4 where X is Xd, Y is —C(O)—, and R4 is as defined above. The ketone can then be converted to an oxime by adding an aqueous solution of a hydroxylamine salt of Formula NH2OR8.HCl to a solution of the ketone in a suitable solvent such as methanol or ethanol and then adding a base such as sodium hydroxide and heating at an elevated temperature to provide a compound of the invention, wherein R1 is —X—Y—R4 where X is Xd, Y is —C(═N—OR8)—, and R4 and R8 are as defined above. The oxime so prepared may be reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride in a mixture of ethanol or methanol in acetic acid to provide a hydroxylamine, which may be treated with one of numerous acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides, or sulfamoyl chlorides as described in step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII to provide a compound of the invention wherein R1 is —X—Y—R4 where X is Xd, Y is —CH(—N—(OR8)-Q-R4)—, and Q, R4, and R8 are as defined above.




Compounds of the invention can also be prepared according to Reaction Scheme XII, wherein Rc, R2d, Boc, R4s, Xa, and n are as defined above, and the bonds represented by dashed lines may be present or absent. In steps (1) and (2) of Reaction Scheme XII, a 1-chloroalkyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXVa, prepared according to the method described in step (1) of Reaction Scheme XI, is converted to a 1-aminoalkyl-substituted compound of Formula LXXV. Step (1) is conveniently carried out by adding sodium azide and sodium iodide to a 1-chloroalkyl-substituted compound of Formula LXVa in a suitable solvent such as DMF. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 90° C., and the azide of Formula LXXIV can be isolated by conventional methods prior to reduction in step (2). Step (2) is conveniently carried out by adding triphenylphosphine to an azide-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXIV in a suitable solvent or solvent mixture such as tetrahydrofuran/water. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature, and the product can be isolated using conventional methods. Aminoalkyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolines of Formula LXXV may also be prepared using methods shown in Reaction Scheme VIII.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme XII, an aminoalkyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXV is converted to an imine by reaction with a ketone or aldehyde of Formula (R4s)2C═O and subsequently treated with an α-chloroaldoxime of Formula LXXI. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining an aminoalkyl-substituted compound of Formula LXXV with a ketone or aldehyde of Formula (R4s)2C═O at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can optionally be carried out in the presence of magnesium sulfate. The resulting imine is then combined with an α-chloroaldoxime of Formula LXXI according to the procedure described in step (6) of Reaction Scheme XI. The product of Formula LXXVI can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme XII, the Boc protecting groups are removed from a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline or tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXVI according to the method described in step (7) of Reaction Scheme XI. The product of Formula LXXVII or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention are prepared according to Reaction Scheme XIII, wherein R1, R2, and n are defined as above; R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, trifluoromethyl, and dialkylamino; and R3a and R3b are defined below. In step (1) of Reaction Scheme XIII, a bromo-substituted pyrazole carbonitrile of Formula XIV undergoes a transition-metal catalyzed cross coupling reaction with a reagent of Formula XLIIa. Some compounds of Formula XLIIa are known; see, Adams, L., J. Heterocyclic Chem., 32, p. 1171 (1995). Others can be prepared by known synthetic methods; see, Rocca, P. et al, Tetrahedron, 49, pp. 49-64 (1993). The Suzuki coupling reaction can be carried out as described in step (5) of Reaction Scheme I to provide a compound of Formula LXXVIII, and the product can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme XIII, a pivaloylamino-substituted compound of Formula LXXVIII undergoes a base-promoted intramolecular cyclization and subsequent cleavage of the pivaloyl group to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIa. The reaction can be carried out as described in Reaction Scheme I, and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme XIII, the methoxy group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIa is demethylated to provide a hydroxy-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIb. The demethylation is conveniently carried out by treating the compound of Formula XVIIa with a solution of boron tribromide in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C., and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods. Alternatively, the demethylation is carried out by heating the compound of Formula XVIIa with anhydrous pyridinium chloride at an elevated temperature, such as 210° C. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme XIII, the hydroxy group of a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIb is activated by conversion to a trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) group. The reaction is conveniently carried out by treating a hydroxy-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIb with N-phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) in the presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature in a suitable solvent such as DMF, and the triflate of Formula LXXX can be isolated using conventional methods. The activation in step (4) may also be accomplished by converting the hydroxy group to another good leaving group.
Step (5) of Reaction Scheme XIII can be carried out using known palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions such as the Suzuki coupling, Heck reaction, the Stille coupling, and the Sonogashira coupling. For example, a triflate-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXX undergoes Suzuki coupling with a boronic acid of Formula R3a—B(OH)2, an anhydride thereof, or a boronic acid ester of Formula R3a—B(O-alkyl)2; wherein R3a is —R4b, —Xe—R4, —Xf—Y—R4, or —Xf—R5; where Xe is alkenylene; Xf is arylene, heteroarylene, and alkenylene interrupted or terminated by arylene or heteroarylene; R4b is aryl or heteroaryl where the aryl or heteroaryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted as defined in R4 above; and R4, R5, and Y are as defined above. The coupling is carried out by combining a compound of Formula LXXX with a boronic acid or an ester or anhydride thereof in the presence of palladium (II) acetate, triphenylphosphine, and a base such as aqueous sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as n-propanol. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature, for example, at the reflux temperature. Numerous boronic acids of Formula R3a—B(OH)2, anhydrides thereof, and boronic acid esters of Formula R3a—B(O-alkyl)2 are commercially available; others can be readily prepared using known synthetic methods. The product of Formula XVIIc or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.
A compound of Formula XVIIc wherein R3a is a heterocycle attached through a nitrogen atom can be prepared in step (5) by reacting a compound of Formula LXXX with a nitrogen-containing heterocycle in the presence of copper (I) iodide, potassium phosphate, and racemic trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane in a suitable solvent such as 1,4-dioxane. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 110° C. In addition, this coupling can be carried out using a palladium-mediated coupling by combining a compound of Formula LXXX and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl compound in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, (±)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, sodium tert-butoxide, and a suitable solvent such as toluene. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 80° C. The compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Alternatively, the Heck reaction can be used in step (5) of Reaction Scheme XIII to provide compounds of Formula XVIIc, wherein R3a is —Xe—R4b or —Xe—Y—R4, wherein Xe, Y, R4, and R4b are as defined above. The Heck reaction is carried out by coupling a compound of Formula LXXX with a compound of the Formula H2C═C(H)—R4b or H2C═C(H)—Y—R4. Several of these vinyl-substituted compounds are commercially available; others can be prepared by known methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining the compound of Formula LXXX and the vinyl-substituted compound in the presence of palladium (II) acetate, triphenylphosphine or tri-ortho-tolylphosphine, and a base such as triethylamine in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile or toluene. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 100-120° C. under an inert atmosphere. The product of Formula XVIIc or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
Compounds of Formula XVIIc, wherein R3a is —Xg—R4, Xg is alkynylene, and R4 is as defined above, can also be prepared by palladium catalyzed coupling reactions such as the Stille coupling or Sonogashira coupling. These reactions are carried out by coupling a compound of Formula LXXX with a compound of the Formula (alkyl)3Sn—C≡C—R4, (alkyl)3Si—C≡C—R4, or H—C≡C—R4.
Compounds of Formula XVIIc prepared as described above by palladium-mediated coupling reactions, wherein R3a is —Xe—R4, —Xe—Y—R4, —Xf2—Y—R4, —Xf2—R5, or —Xg—R4, where Xf2 is alkenylene interrupted or terminated by arylene or heteroarylene, and Xe, Xg, Y, R4, and R5 are as defined above, can undergo reduction of the alkenylene or alkynylene group present to provide compounds of Formula XVIIc wherein R3a is —Xh—R4, —Xh—Y—R4, —Xi—Y—R4, or —Xi—R5, where Xh is alkylene; Xi is alkylene interrupted or terminated by arylene or heteroarylene; and R4, R5, and Y are as defined above. The reduction can be carried out by hydrogenation using a conventional heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon. The reaction can conveniently be carried out on a Parr apparatus in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, methanol, or mixtures thereof. The product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.
In step (4a) of Reaction Scheme XIII, a hydroxy-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIb is converted to a compound of Formula XVIId, wherein R3b is —O—R4, —O—X—R4, —O—X—Y—R4, or —O—X—R5, and X, Y, R4, and R5 are as defined above, using a Williamson-type ether synthesis. The reaction is effected by treating a hydroxy-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula XVIIb with an aryl, alkyl, or arylalkylenyl halide of Formula Halide-R4, Halide-alkylene-R4, Halide-alkylene-Y—R4, or Halide-alkylene-R5 in the presence of a base. Numerous alkyl, arylalkylenyl, and aryl halides of these formulas are commercially available, including substituted benzyl bromides and chlorides, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or arylalkylenyl bromides and chlorides, bromo-substituted ketones, esters, and heterocycles, and substituted fluorobenzenes. Other halides of these formulas can be prepared using conventional synthetic methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by combining an alkyl, arylalkylenyl, or aryl halide with the hydroxy-substituted compound of Formula XVIIb in a solvent such as DMF or N,N-dimethylacetamide in the presence of a suitable base such as cesium carbonate. Optionally, catalytic tetrabutylammonium bromide can be added. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature, for example 50° C. or 85° C., depending on the reactivity of the halide reagent.
Step (4a) of Reaction Scheme XIII can alternatively be carried out by treating a compound of Formula XVIII with an alcohol of Formula HO—R3b under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. Numerous alcohols of formulas HO—Z—Y—R4, HO—Z—R5, HO—Z-Het, and
HO—Z-HetAr are commercially available; for example, 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, tert-butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate, and 3-pyridylcarbinol. Other alcohols of formula HO—R3b can be prepared using conventional synthetic methods. The reaction is conveniently carried out by out by adding triphenylphosphine and an alcohol of Formula HO—R3b to a solution of a compound of Formula XVIIb in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and then slowly adding diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or diethyl azodicarboxylate. The reaction can be carried out at ambient temperature or at a sub-ambient temperature, such as 0° C. The product can be isolated using conventional methods.
Compounds prepared in step (4a) can undergo further synthetic elaboration. For example, in a compound of Formula XVIId wherein —R3b is —Z—N(R8)-Boc, prepared as described above, the Boc protecting group can be removed to provide an amino-substituted compound wherein —R3b is —Z—N(R8)H. A compound of Formula XVIId wherein —R3b is —Z—N(R8)H can be converted to a compound of Formula XVIId wherein —R3b is —Z—N(R8)-Q-R4 using conventional methods such as the methods described in step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII. A compound of Formula XVIId wherein —R3b is




prepared by methods described above, can be converted to a compound of Formula XVIId wherein —R3b is





using these same methods.

Alternatively, step (4a) may be carried out using the Ullmann ether synthesis, in which an alkali metal aryloxide prepared from the hydroxy-substituted compound of Formula XVIIb reacts with an aryl halide in the presence of copper salts, to provide a compound of Formula XVIId, where R3b is —O—R4b, —O—Xj—R4, or —O—Xj—Y—R4, wherein Xj is an arylene or heteroarylene and R4b is as defined above. Numerous substituted and unsubstituted aryl halides are commercially available; others can be prepared using conventional methods. The product of Formula XVIId, prepared by either of these methods, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated using conventional methods.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme XIV, where R, R1, R2, R3, n and m are as defined above.
In step (1) of Reaction Scheme XIV, an indole of Formula LXXXI is acylated to provide an oxalated indole of Formula LXXXII. The reaction can be carried out by adding ethyl chlorooxoacetate to a solution of an indole of Formula LXXXI in a suitable solvent such as diethyl ether in the presence of pyridine. The reaction can be carried out at a sub-ambient temperature such as 0° C. Many indoles of Formula LXXXI are known. Some are commercially available and others can be readily prepared using known synthetic methods.
In step (2) of Reaction Scheme XIV, an oxalated indole of Formula LXXXII is rearranged to a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIII. The reaction can be carried out by adding a hydrazine of Formula R2NHNH2 to a solution of an oxalated indole of Formula LXXXII in a solvent or solvent mix such as ethanol/acetic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as at reflux.
If step (2) is carried out using hydrazine, the resulting pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXII where R2 is hydrogen can be further elaborated using known synthetic methods. For example, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXII where R2 is hydrogen can be alkylated, for example, as described in step (1) of Reaction Scheme I. Alternatively, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIII where R2 is hydrogen can undergo a Buchwald amination with an aryl halide or heteroaryl halide. Numerous alkyl halides, aryl halides, and heteroaryl halides are commercially available; others can be prepared using known synthetic methods.
Step (2) can also be carried out using a hydrazine that will install a removable group at R2. Examples of such hydrazines include benzylhydrazine and tert-butylhydrazine. At a later point in the synthetic pathway the group can be removed using conventional methods to provide a compound in which R2 is hydrogen. The compound may then be further elaborated using the methods described above.
In step (3) of Reaction Scheme XIV, an aldehyde group is installed on a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIII to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIV. The reaction can be carried out by deprotonating a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIII with 2 equivalents of n-butyl lithium followed by treatment with DMF and quenching with hydrochloric acid. The reaction can be carried out at an elevated temperature such as 50° C. in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
In step (4) of Reaction Scheme XIV, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXIV undergoes further elaboration using conventional synthetic methods to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXV. For example, the aldehyde can be reacted with several different classes of nucleophiles such as phosphonium ylides (Wittig olefination) or phosphonates (Horner Wadsworth olefination) to provide alkenes; amines using reductive amination to provide secondary or tertiary amines; and Grignard reagents or lithiated alkynes or alkenes to provide alcohols which may then be oxidized to provide ketones. When reaction with a nucleophile provides a substituted olefin, the olefin may be reduced using conventional methods such as hydrogenation using a conventional heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon. Alternatively, the aldehyde can be reduced to the alcohol using known methods, for example, treating a solution of the aldehyde with sodium borohydride. The alcohol can then be converted to a halide or an oxygen based leaving group such as a triflate, mesylate, or tosylate using conventional methods. The halide or oxygen based leaving group can then be reacted with a variety of nucleophiles.
In step (5) of Reaction Scheme XIV, a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXV is chlorinated to provide to provide a 4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXXVI. The reaction can be carried out by combining a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one of Formula LXXXV with phosphorous oxychloride and heating.
In step (6) of Reaction Scheme XIV, a 4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline of Formula LXXXVI is aminated to provide a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine of Formula LXXXVII. The reaction can be carried out by treating a compound of Formula LXXXVI with ammonia in a suitable solvent such as ethanol at an elevated temperature, such as 100° C. to 170° C. Pyrazolo[3,4-c]naphthyridines of the invention can be prepared by using an azaindole as the starting material in Reaction Schemes XIV. Azaindoles are known compounds. Some are commercially available and others can be prepared using known synthetic methods. Compounds of Formula LXXXVI wherein R3 is a benzyloxy group are readily prepared using the methods of Reaction Scheme XIV starting with a commercially available compound of Formula LXXXI. The benzyloxy group can be cleaved by hydrogenolysis, and the resulting hydroxy-substituted compound can be treated according to steps (4) and (5) or (4a) of Reaction Scheme XIII.




For some embodiments, compounds of the invention can be prepared according to Reaction Scheme XV, wherein R1, R2, RA1, RB1, Y′′, and R11 are as defined above. In Reaction Scheme XV, a pyrazole of Formula II is converted to a compound of Formula II-1 using one of the methods described in step (11) of Reaction Scheme VII. For example, a compound of Formula II can be treated with ethyl chloroformate or acetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. The reaction can be carried out at room temperature, and the product or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated by conventional methods.




Some compounds of the invention may be transformed in vivo to other compounds of the invention by mechanisms such as hydrolysis in the blood. For example, a compound wherein R2 is —X—O—C(R6)—R4, —X—O—C(R6)—O—R4, or —X—O—C(R6)—N(R8)—R4 would likely be transformed in vivo to a compound wherein R2 is —X—OH and therefore would be considered a prodrug of the hydroxy-substituted compound. Compounds of Formula II-1 would be converted to compounds of Formula II.
Other prodrugs can be made from compounds of the invention. For example, a compound bearing a hydroxy substituent may be converted to an ester, a carbonate, a carbamate, or a sulfonate. Particularly useful esters are made from carboxylic acids containing one to six carbon atoms or naturally occurring L-amino acids. In addition, the amino group on the 4-position of the imidazo ring compounds can be converted to an amide, amidine, or a carbamate to prepare a prodrug of a compound of the invention. Particularly useful amides and carbamates contain one to four carbon atoms. The preparation of these prodrugs can be carried out by methods well known to one of skill in the art.
Compounds of the invention may be synthesized by synthetic routes that include processes analogous to those well known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein. The starting materials are generally available from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, Wis., USA) or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g. prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-19, Wiley, New York, (1967-1999 ed.); Alan R. Katritsky, Otto Meth-Cohn, Charles W. Rees, Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, v 1-6, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1995); Barry M. Trost and Ian Fleming, Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, v. 1-8, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, (1991); or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. Ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, including supplements (also available via the Beilstein online database)).
For illustrative purposes, the reaction schemes depicted below provide potential routes for synthesizing the compounds of the present invention as well as key intermediates. For more detailed description of the individual reaction steps, see the EXAMPLES section below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the compounds of the invention. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted in the reaction schemes and discussed below, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
Conventional methods and techniques of separation and purification can be used to isolate compounds of the invention, as well as various intermediates related thereto. Such techniques may include, for example, all types of chromatography (high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography using common absorbents such as silica gel, and thin layer chromatography), recrystallization, and differential (i.e., liquid-liquid) extraction techniques.
Compounds of the invention can also be prepared using variations of the synthetic routes shown in Reaction Schemes I through XIII that would be apparent to one of skill in the art. For example, the synthetic routes shown in Reaction Schemes VII or VIII for the preparation of quinolines can be used to prepare naphthyridines by using a compound of Formula XVIII or a position isomer thereof in lieu of a compound of Formula XV. Compounds of the invention can also be prepared using the synthetic routes described in the EXAMPLES below.
Pharmaceutical Compositions and Biological Activity
Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention contain a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of the invention as described above in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The terms “a therapeutically effective amount” and “effective amount” mean an amount of the compound or salt sufficient to induce a therapeutic or prophylactic effect, such as cytokine induction, immunomodulation, antitumor activity, and/or antiviral activity. Although the exact amount of active compound or salt used in a pharmaceutical composition of the invention will vary according to factors known to those of skill in the art, such as the physical and chemical nature of the compound or salt, the nature of the carrier, and the intended dosing regimen, it is anticipated that the compositions of the invention will contain sufficient active ingredient to provide a dose of about 100 nanograms per kilogram (ng/kg) to about 50 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), preferably about 10 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) to about 5 mg/kg, of the compound or salt to the subject. A variety of dosage forms may be used, such as tablets, lozenges, capsules, parenteral formulations, syrups, creams, ointments, aerosol formulations, transdermal patches, transmucosal patches and the like.
The compounds or salts of the invention can be administered as the single therapeutic agent in the treatment regimen, or the compounds or salts of the invention may be administered in combination with one another or with other active agents, including additional immune response modifiers, antivirals, antibiotics, antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, etc.
Compounds or salts of the invention have been shown to induce or inhibit the production of certain cytokines in experiments performed according to the tests set forth below. These results indicate that the compounds or salts are useful as immune response modifiers that can modulate the immune response in a number of different ways, rendering them useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders.
Cytokines whose production may be induced by the administration of compounds or salts of the invention generally include interferon-α (IFN-α) and/or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as certain interleukins (IL). Cytokines whose biosynthesis may be induced by compounds or salts of the invention include IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12, and a variety of other cytokines. Among other effects, these and other cytokines can inhibit virus production and tumor cell growth, making the compounds or salts useful in the treatment of viral diseases and neoplastic diseases. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt or composition of the invention to the animal. The animal to which the compound or salt or composition is administered for induction of cytokine biosynthesis may have a disease as described infra, for example a viral disease or a neoplastic disease, and administration of the compound or salt may provide therapeutic treatment. Alternatively, the compound or salt may be administered to the animal prior to the animal acquiring the disease so that administration of the compound or salt may provide a prophylactic treatment.
In addition to the ability to induce the production of cytokines, compounds or salts of the invention can affect other aspects of the innate immune response. For example, natural killer cell activity may be stimulated, an effect that may be due to cytokine induction. The compounds or salts may also activate macrophages, which in turn stimulate secretion of nitric oxide and the production of additional cytokines. Further, the compounds or salts may cause proliferation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes.
Compounds or salts of the invention can also have an effect on the acquired immune response. For example, the production of the T helper type 1 (TH1) cytokine IFN-γ may be induced indirectly and the production of the T helper type 2 (TH2) cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 may be inhibited upon administration of the compounds or salts.
Other cytokines whose production may be inhibited by the administration of compounds or salts of the invention include tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Among other effects, inhibition of TNF-α production can provide prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment of TNF-α mediated diseases in animals, making the compounds or salt useful in the treatment of, for example, autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of inhibiting TNF-α biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt or composition of the invention to the animal. The animal to which the compound or salt or composition is administered for inhibition of TNF-α biosynthesis may have a disease as described infra, for example an autoimmune disease, and administration of the compound or salt may provide therapeutic treatment. Alternatively, the compound or salt may be administered to the animal prior to the animal acquiring the disease so that administration of the compound or salt may provide a prophylactic treatment.
Whether for prophylaxis or therapeutic treatment of a disease, and whether for effecting innate or acquired immunity, the compound or salt or composition may be administered alone or in combination with one or more active components as in, for example, a vaccine adjuvant. When administered with other components, the compound or salt and other component or components may be administered separately; together but independently such as in a solution; or together and associated with one another such as (a) covalently linked or (b) non-covalently associated, e.g., in a colloidal suspension.
Conditions for which IRMs identified herein may be used as treatments include, but are not limited to:
(a) viral diseases such as, for example, diseases resulting from infection by an adenovirus, a herpesvirus (e.g., HSV-I, HSV-II, CMV, or VZV), a poxvirus (e.g., an orthopoxvirus such as variola or vaccinia, or molluscum contagiosum), a picornavirus (e.g., rhinovirus or enterovirus), an orthomyxovirus (e.g., influenzavirus), a paramyxovirus (e.g., parainfluenzavirus, mumps virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)), a coronavirus (e.g., SARS), a papovavirus (e.g., papillomaviruses, such as those that cause genital warts, common warts, or plantar warts), a hepadnavirus (e.g., hepatitis B virus), a flavivirus (e.g., hepatitis C virus or Dengue virus), or a retrovirus (e.g., a lentivirus such as HIV);
(b) bacterial diseases such as, for example, diseases resulting from infection by bacteria of, for example, the genus Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Shigella, Listeria, Aerobacter, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, Clostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Serratia, Providencia, Chromobacterium, Brucella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, or Bordetella; 
(c) other infectious diseases, such chlamydia, fungal diseases including but not limited to candidiasis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or parasitic diseases including but not limited to malaria, pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, and trypanosome infection;
(d) neoplastic diseases, such as intraepithelial neoplasias, cervical dysplasia, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, leukemias including but not limited to myelogeous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia, and other cancers;
(e) TH2-mediated, atopic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis or eczema, eosinophilia, asthma, allergy, allergic rhinitis, and Ommen's syndrome;
(f) certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, essential thrombocythaemia, multiple sclerosis, discoid lupus, alopecia areata; and
(g) diseases associated with wound repair such as, for example, inhibition of keloid formation and other types of scarring (e.g., enhancing wound healing, including chronic wounds).
Additionally, an IRM compound or salt of the present invention may be useful as a vaccine adjuvant for use in conjunction with any material that raises either humoral and/or cell mediated immune response, such as, for example, live viral, bacterial, or parasitic immunogens; inactivated viral, tumor-derived, protozoal, organism-derived, fungal, or bacterial immunogens, toxoids, toxins; self-antigens; polysaccharides; proteins; glycoproteins; peptides; cellular vaccines; DNA vaccines; autologous vaccines; recombinant proteins; and the like, for use in connection with, for example, BCG, cholera, plague, typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, polio, rabies, measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, hemophilus influenza b, tuberculosis, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines, adenovirus, HIV, chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, dengue, feline leukemia, fowl plague, HSV-1 and HSV-2, hog cholera, Japanese encephalitis, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, papilloma virus, yellow fever, and Alzheimer's Disease.
Certain IRM compounds or salts of the present invention may be particularly helpful in individuals having compromised immune function. For example, certain compounds or salts may be used for treating the opportunistic infections and tumors that occur after suppression of cell mediated immunity in, for example, transplant patients, cancer patients and HIV patients.
Thus, one or more of the above diseases or types of diseases, for example, a viral disease or a neoplastic disease may be treated in an animal in need thereof (having the disease) by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of the invention to the animal.
An amount of a compound or salt effective to induce or inhibit cytokine biosynthesis is an amount sufficient to cause one or more cell types, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B-cells to produce an amount of one or more cytokines such as, for example, IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 that is increased (induced) or decreased (inhibited) over a background level of such cytokines. The precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 10 μg/kg to about 5 mg/kg. The invention also provides a method of treating a viral infection in an animal and a method of treating a neoplastic disease in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt or composition of the invention to the animal. An amount effective to treat or inhibit a viral infection is an amount that will cause a reduction in one or more of the manifestations of viral infection, such as viral lesions, viral load, rate of virus production, and mortality as compared to untreated control animals. The precise amount that is effective for such treatment will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 10 μg/kg to about 5 mg/kg. An amount of a compound or salt effective to treat a neoplastic condition is an amount that will cause a reduction in tumor size or in the number of tumor foci. Again, the precise amount will vary according to factors known in the art but is expected to be a dose of about 100 ng/kg to about 50 mg/kg, preferably about 10 μg/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
In addition to the formulations and uses described specifically herein, other formulations, uses, and administration devices suitable for compounds of the present invention are described in, for example, International Publication Nos. WO 03/077944 and WO 02/036592, U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,776, and U.S. Publication Nos. 2003/0139364, 2003/185835, 2004/0258698, 2004/0265351, 2004/076633, and 2005/0009858.
Objects and advantages of this invention are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention.
EXAMPLES
Chromatographic purification was carried out by flash chromatography on either a HORIZON HPFC system (an automated, modular high-performance flash purification product available from Biotage, Inc, Charlottesville, Va., USA) or an Analogix INTELLIFLASH Flash Chromatography System (IFC). The eluent used for each purification is given in the example. In some chromatographic separations, the solvent mixture 80:18:2 chloroform/methanol/concentrated ammonium hydroxide (CMA) was used as the polar component of the eluent. In these separations, CMA was mixed with chloroform in the indicated ratio. For Examples 1 through 6, chromatographic purification was carried out on a HORIZON HPFC system using either a FLASH 40+M cartridge, a FLASH 25+M, or a FLASH 651 Silica cartridge.
Examples 1-4
Part A
Ethyl 6-methyl-2,4-dioxoheptanoate, sodium salt is available from the literature procedure (Claisen, L., Berichte, 1909, 42, 59) or can be prepared by the following method. A solution of diethyl oxalate (1 equivalent) and 3-methyl-2-butanone (1 equivalent) was added dropwise with vigorous stirring to a solution of sodium tert-butoxide (1 equivalent) in ethanol. Following the addition, the reaction was stirred for one hour; a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol and diethyl ether, and dried to provide ethyl 6-methyl-2,4-dioxoheptanoate, sodium salt.
Part B
Anhydrous hydrazine (3.58 g, 112 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 30 minutes to a solution of ethyl 6-methyl-2,4-dioxoheptanoate, sodium salt (24.8 g, 112 mmol) in acetic acid (160 mL). The reaction was stirred overnight at ambient temperature, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of diethyl ether and water, and solid sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate were added to adjust the mixture to pH 8. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether; the combined organic fractions were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 65I cartridge, eluting with 50:50 ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide 21.0 g of ethyl 5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a solid.
Part C
The alkylating agent from the table below (1.5 equivalents) and a solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21%, 1.1 equivalents) were added to a solution of ethyl 5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (1 equivalent) in ethanol (1M), and the reaction was heated at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 90 minutes to two hours. An analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated the presence of starting material. Additional sodium ethoxide solution (0.1-0.3 equivalents) was added, and the reaction was heated at reflux for an additional 30 minutes to two hours. For example 3, the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight instead of heating at reflux. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between aqueous sodium chloride and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether, and the combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 65I cartridge, eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate ranging in ratios from 80:20 to 50:50) to provide the alkylated pyrazole as a yellow oil.
Part D
Excess 30% ammonium hydroxide was added to a Parr vessel containing the material from Part C and methanol (1-2 M). The vessel was sealed, and the reaction was heated at 100° C. for 12 hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature over a period of three hours, and then cooled to 0° C. A solid formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water and hexanes, and air-dried to provide the carboxamides listed below.
Example 1
5-(2-Methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide was obtained as white crystals, mp 141-142.5° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C11H19N3O: C, 63.13; H, 9.15; N, 20.08. Found: C, 62.93; H, 8.89; N, 20.01.
Example 2
1-Ethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide was obtained as white crystals, mp 125-126° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C10H17N3O: C, 61.51; H, 8.78; N, 21.52. Found: C, 61.50; H, 8.86; N, 21.58.
Example 3
At the completion of the reaction, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 65I cartridge, eluting with ethyl acetate/methanol ranging in ratios from 97:3 to 95:5) and subsequently recrystallized from tert-butyl methyl ether to provide 1-methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as white crystals, mp 118.5-119.5° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C9H15N3O: C, 59.65; H, 8.34; N, 23.18. Found: C, 59.66; H, 8.66; N, 23.25.
Example 4
At the completion of the reaction, water was added to precipitate the product, 1-butyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, which was isolated as white crystals, mp 122.5-124° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C12H21N3O: C, 64.54; H, 9.48; N, 18.82. Found: C, 64.65; H, 9.52; N, 18.77.
Part E
A mixture of the carboxamide from Part D (5-10 g, 28-45 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (21-38 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 90 minutes. The solution was then poured into ice water (250-500 mL), and concentrated ammonium hydroxide was added to adjust the mixture to pH 7-8. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (4×), and the combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide an oil.
Part F
Potassium acetate (1.5 equivalents) and bromine (1:1 equivalents) were added to a solution of the carbonitrile from Part E in acetic acid (0.6 M), and the reaction was stirred for 15-24 hours. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred until it became colorless. The acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure, and 2M aqueous sodium carbonate was added to the residue. The resulting solution was extracted with dichloromethane (4×). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 65I cartridge, eluting with hexane/ethyl acetate ranging in ratios from 98:2 to 65:35) to provide an oil. In Example 2, 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile crystallized under vacuum and was obtained as a white solid, mp 50-51° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C10H14N3Br: C, 46.89; H, 5.51; N, 16.40. Found: C, 46.95; H, 5.64; N, 16.75.
Part G
Triphenylphosphine (24 mg, 0.09 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (7 mg, 0.03 mmol) were added to a mixture of the carbonitrile from Part F (10.0 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid (12.0 mmol, Examples 2 and 3) or 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (12.0 mmol, Examples 1 and 4), aqueous sodium carbonate (6 mL of 2 M, Examples 2 and 3 or 12 mL of 2M, Examples 1 and 4), propanol (17.5 mL) and water (3.5 mL). The reaction was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. for 12 to 33 hours; in Examples 3 and 4 additional triphenylphosphine, palladium (II) acetate, and boronic acid were added to drive the reaction to completion. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and then partitioned between water and chloroform. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (3×). The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The residue from Example 2 was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate ranging in ratios from 100:0 to 85:15). The residue from Example 3 was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA ranging in ratios from 99:1 to 95:5).
Part H
A solution of acetyl chloride (1.5 equivalents) in ethanol (0.3 M) was stirred for 15 minutes and added to the material from Part G, and the reaction was heated at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5 to 14 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between chloroform and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform, and the combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA ranging in ratios from 100:0 to 75:25) and subsequently recrystallized from acetonitrile. The crystals were dried overnight at 6.65 Pa and 98° C. to provide the products listed below.
Example 1
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as white needles, mp 199-200° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C17H22N4: C, 72.31; H, 7.85; N, 19.84. Found: C, 72.13; H, 8.03; N, 19.78.
Example 2
2-Ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as white needles, mp 208-209° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C16H20N4: C, 71.61; H, 7.51; N, 20.88. Found: C, 71.38; H, 7.83; N, 20.79.
Example 3
2-Methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as light pink crystals, mp 213-214° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C15H18N4: C, 70.84; H, 7.13; N, 22.03. Found: C, 70.59; H, 7.19; N, 22.05.
Example 4
2-Butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as white needles, mp 165-166° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C18H24N4: C, 72.94; H, 8.16; N, 18.90. Found: C, 72.89; H, 7.99; N, 19.08.
Examples 1-4
















 









Example
Alkylating agent in Part C
R












1
1-Iodopropane
—CH2CH2CH3


2
1-Bromoethane
—CH2CH3


3
Iodomethane
—CH3


4
1-Iodobutane
—CH2CH2CH2CH3









Example 5
1,2-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride




Part A

Ethyl 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate is available from the literature procedure (Huppatz, J. L., Aust. J. Chem., 1983, 36, 135-147). The general method described in Part D of Examples 1 through 4 was used to convert ethyl 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate to 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part B
The method described in Part E of Examples 1 through 4 was used to treat 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (5.0 g, 36 mmol) with phosphorous oxychloride (20 mL) to afford 3.9 g of 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile. A small portion was recrystallized from hexane to provide the following data.
Anal. Calcd. for C6H7N3: C, 59.49; H, 5.82; N, 34.69. Found: C, 59.31; H, 5.75; N, 34.48.
Part C
A solution of bromine (5.1 g, 32 mmol) in acetic acid (10 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of potassium acetate (3.9 g, 40 mmol) and 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile in acetic acid (50 mL). Following the addition, the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added, and the mixture was stirred until it became colorless. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was stirred with water to form a solid. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and recrystallized from ethanol and then from hexane to provide 2.5 g of 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as colorless needles, mp 92-94° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C6H6BrN3: C, 36.03; H, 3.02; N, 21.01. Found: C, 36.04; H, 2.86; N, 20.99.
Part D
Triphenylphosphine (2.4 mg, 0.09 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (7 mg, 0.03 mmol) were added to a mixture of 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (0.600 g, 3.00 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid (0.719 g, 5.25 mmol), aqueous sodium carbonate (1.8 mL of 2 M), propanol (5.25 mL) and water (1.1 mL). The reaction was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. for three hours and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The work-up procedure described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was followed. The resulting orange oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge, eluting with ethyl acetate/hexane ranging in ratios from 50:50 to 75:25) to provide 371 mg of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a pale yellow solid.
Part E
A solution of acetyl chloride (0.150 g, 1.9 mmol) in ethanol (6.4 mL) was stirred for 15 minutes. 4-(2-Aminophenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (0.270 g, 1.27 mmol) was added, and the reaction was heated at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for two hours. A precipitate formed. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and then cooled to 0° C. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried to provide 285 mg of 1,2-dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride as a white solid, mp>250° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C12H12N4.HCl: C, 57.95; H, 5.27; N, 22.53. Found: C, 57.78; H, 5.23; N, 22.34.
Example 6
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide




Part A

4-Methyl-4-benzamido-2-pentanone is available from the literature procedure (Scheuer, P. J. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 22, 674-676) or from the following method. A mixture of mesityl oxide (19.6 g, 0.200 mol) and benzonitrile (22.0 g, 0.210 mol) was cooled to 0° C.; concentrated sulfuric acid (20 mL) was added in 2 mL increments over a period of ten minutes. The reaction was heated to 35° C., and the reaction temperature rose quickly to 55° C. The reaction temperature was maintained at between 50 and 55° C. for one hour. The viscous liquid was poured into ice water (800 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 90 minutes. A solid formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, washed with 2M aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL), washed again with water until the filtrate was pH neutral, and dried under nitrogen overnight. The solid was then recrystallized from tert-butyl methyl ether (150 mL) to provide 19.0 g of 4-methyl-4-benzamido-2-pentanone as beige needles.
Part B
Sodium tert-butoxide (5.98 g, 62.2 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-methyl-4-benzamido-2-pentanone (12.4 g, 56.5 mmol) and ethyl diethoxyacetate (11.0 g, 62.2 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL), and the reaction was heated at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and tert-butyl methyl ether. The aqueous solution was extracted twice with tert-butyl methyl ether, and the combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 17.5 g of N-(6,6-diethoxy-1,1-dimethyl-3,5-dioxohexyl)benzamide as a brown oil.
Part C
Methyl hydrazine (2.60 g, 56.5 mmol) was added over a period of ten minutes to a solution of the material from Part B in ethanol (56 mL), and the reaction was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (FLASH 65I cartridge, eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes ranging in ratios from 50:50 to 90:10) to provide 8.74 g of N-[1-(5-diethoxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide as a viscous, yellow oil.
Part D
Hydrochloric acid (40 mL of 1 M) was added to a solution of N-[1-(5-diethoxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide (8.7 g, 24 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), and the reaction was stirred for ten minutes. tert-Butyl methyl ether and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (20 mL) were added. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with tert-butyl methyl ether, and the combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. Hexane was added, and the cloudy mixture was stored overnight in the refrigerator. Crystals formed and were isolated in two crops by filtration to provide 5.24 g of N-[1-(5-formyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide as a white powder, mp 150-151° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C16H19N3O2: C, 67.35; H, 6.71; N, 14.73. Found: C, 67.22; H, 6.89; N, 14.73.
Part E
The method described in Part F of Examples 1-4 was used to brominate N-[1-(5-formyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide (4.87 g, 17.1 mmol). The crude product was recrystallized from 50:50 hexane/ethyl acetate (140 mL), and the crystals were washed with hexane and dried for two hours under nitrogen to provide 4.91 g of N-[1-(4-bromo-5-formyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide as white crystals, mp 150-151° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C16H18N3O2Br: C, 52.76; H, 4.98; N, 11.54. Found: C, 52.85; H, 5.33; N, 11.54.
Part F
The method described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was used to couple N-[1-(4-bromo-5-formyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide (3.64 g, 10.0 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.08 g, 12.0 mmol). The reaction was heated for 4 hours. The product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting sequentially with ethyl acetate and 99:1 ethyl acetate/methanol) to provide 1.81 g of N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]benzamide as an orange solid.
Part G
3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (2.12 g, available as a 77% pure mixture) (mCPBA) was added to a solution of N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]benzamide (2.28 g, 6.36 mmol) in chloroform (25 mL), and the reaction was stirred for 45 minutes at ambient temperature. Brine and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate were added, and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with chloroform (6×). The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
Part H
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, trichloroacetyl isocyanate (7.63 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part G in anhydrous dichloromethane (30 mL), and the reaction was stirred for 90 minutes at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (15 mL), and a solution of sodium methoxide (1.5 mL, 25% in methanol) was added. The reaction was stirred for two hours, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous sodium chloride. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (5×), and the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting yellow solid was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA ranging in ratios from 100:0 to 70:30) and recrystallized twice from acetonitrile (23 mL/g and 14 mL/g). The crystals were dried overnight at 6.65 Pa and 98° C. to provide 687 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]benzamide as beige needles, mp 194-196° C.
Anal. Calcd. for C22H23N5O: C, 70.76; H, 6.21; N, 18.75. Found: C, 70.54; H, 6.09; N, 18.85.
Example 7
2-Butyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Butylhydrazine oxalate (25 g, 140 mmol) was added over a period of 15 minutes to a solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxovalerate (22.2 g, 140 mmol) and triethylamine (210 mmol) in ethanol (140 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. Hexane was added, and an insoluble solid was removed by filtration. The hexane was removed under reduced pressure; the residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 80:20 to 45:55) to provide 18.1 g of ethyl 1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a pale yellow oil.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (18.1 g, 86.1 mmol) in methanol (25 mL) was treated with ammonium hydroxide (25 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part D of Examples 1-4. At the end of the reaction, the methanol was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was cooled in a refrigerator. A precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and was washed with water. The solid (9 g) was recrystallized from hexane (300 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL), isolated by filtration, washed with hexane, and air-dried to provide 6.95 g of 1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as colorless plates, mp 113.5-114.5° C.
Anal. Calcd for C9H15N3O: C, 59.65; H, 8.34; N, 23.18. Found: C, 59.79; H, 8.21; N, 23.28.
Part C
A mixture of 1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (6.9 g, 38 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (34.0 mL) was heated at 90° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for two hours and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was poured into ice water (300 mL); concentrated ammonium hydroxide (115 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3×), and the combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 6.58 g of 1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a pale yellow oil.
Part D
1-Butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (6.58 g, 38 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (57.2 mmol) and bromine (41.9 mmol) in acetic acid (50 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. The reaction provided 9.3 g of 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil that crystallized upon standing. The crystals were used without purification.
Part E
A modification of the method described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was used to couple 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.42 g, 10.0 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.43 g, 14.0 mmol). Palladium (II) acetate was added as a 5 mg/mL solution in toluene (1.3 mL). The reaction was heated under nitrogen for 17 hours and combined with the product mixture from another run before being subjected to the work-up procedure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform:CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 80:20) to provide 3.17 g of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an orange oil. A small amount (0.21 g) of 2-butyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was also obtained as a beige powder.
Part F
Acetyl chloride (15 mmol) and ethanol (50 mL) were combined and added to 4-(2-aminophenyl)-1-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.17 g) according to the method described in Part H of Examples 1-4. The reaction was heated for 16 hours. Following the work-up procedure, chromatographic purification, and recrystallization from acetonitrile (195 mL/g) 873 mg of 2-butyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine were obtained as white needles, mp 220-222° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 255 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C15H18N4: C, 70.84; H, 7.13; N, 22.03. Found: C, 70.64; H, 6.94; N, 22.14.
Example 8
2-Benzyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Potassium acetate (49.1 g, 0.500 mol) was added with stirring to a solution of ethyl 6-methyl-2,4-dioxoheptanoate, sodium salt (44.4 g, 0.200 mol), prepared as described in Part A of Examples 1-4, in acetic acid (280 mL). The solution was cooled to 10° C., and benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (39.0 g, 0.200 mol) was added in portions over a period of ten minutes while the reaction temperature was maintained between 10° C. and 13.5° C. The reaction was stirred for 90 minutes at between 6° C. and 13.6° C., allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred overnight, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (900 mL) and tert-butyl methyl ether (600 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (2×300 mL), and the combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 56.6 g of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an oil orange. The product contained 10 mol % of ethyl 2-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (30 g) in methanol (60 mL) was treated with ammonium hydroxide (60 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part D of Examples 1-4. The reaction was heated for 14 hours. At the end of the reaction, the methanol was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (3×). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Toluene was added twice and removed under reduced pressure to remove residual water. Hexane was added to the residue; crystals formed and were isolated by filtration, washed with hexane, and air-dried overnight to provide 6.93 g of 1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as small, off-white crystals.
Part C
A mixture of 1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (6.77 g, 26.3 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (19 mL) was heated at 90° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 90 minutes and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The reaction was poured into ice water (250 mL); concentrated ammonium hydroxide (64 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (3×150 mL), and the combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 6.28 g of 1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a pale orange oil.
Part D
1-Benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (6.28 g, 26.2 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (3.9 g, 39 mmol) and bromine (4.61 g, 28.8 mmol) in acetic acid (52 mL) according to the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. Following chromatographic purification (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 95:5 to 70:30) 7.8 g of 4-bromo-1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile were obtained as a colorless oil containing 11 mol % of the starting material.
Part E
The method described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was used to couple 4-bromo-1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.18 g, 10.0 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.60 g, 15.0 mmol) in the presence of palladium (II) acetate (22.5 mg), triphenylphosphine (79 mg), and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (15 mL). The product, 4-2(-aminophenyl)-1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, was used without purification.
Part F
The material from Part E was treated according to the method described in Part H of Examples 1-4. Following the work-up procedure and chromatographic purification (eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 97:3 to 87:13), 1.81 g of product were obtained as a beige solid. A portion (0.63 g) was recrystallized from acetonitrile (28.6 mL/g), isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried for 36 hours in a vacuum oven at 65° C. to provide 559 mg of 2-benzyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as large, beige needles, mp 194-196° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 331 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H22N4: C, 76.33; H, 6.71; N, 16.96. Found: C, 76.03; H, 6.84; N, 16.97.
Example 9
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Hydrogen bromide (10 mL of 30% by weight in acetic acid) and 2-benzyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.75 g, 2.27 mmol) were combined in a TEFLON-lined Parr vessel and heated at 150° C. for 24 hours and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature over five hours. The reaction was filtered to remove a solid, and the filtrate was adjusted to pH 7 with the addition of 50% sodium hydroxide and 2M aqueous sodium carbonate. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and air-dried. The solid was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 80:20 to 40:60) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile (19 mL/g) and a small amount of methanol. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried for 36 hours in a vacuum oven at 65° C. to provide 139 mg of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as small, pale orange needles, mp 248-249° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 241 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C14H16N4.0.17 CH3OH.0.16H2O: C, 68.45; H, 6.89; N, 22.53. Found: C, 68.43; H, 6.87; N, 22.53.
Example 10
1-Ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Sodium tert-butoxide (66.64 g, 0.693 mol) was added over a period of 20 minutes to ethanol (450 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. When all solids had dissolved, a mixture of diethyl oxalate (101.28 g, 0.693 mol) and 2-butanone (50.0 g, 0.693 mol) was added over a period of 12 minutes. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours and then used in the next step.
Part B
The solution from Part A was treated with glacial acetic acid (115 mL) and then cooled to 0° C. Methylhydrazine (36.5 mL, 0.693 mmol) was slowly added over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for two hours, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (3×400 mL). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 100 g of a red oil. Half of the oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with hexanes:ethyl acetate in a gradient from 100:0 to 0:100 to provide 6.53 g of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil.
Part C
A mixture of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (5.03 g, 27.6 mmol) and ammonium hydroxide (28 mL of 30%) was stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature. A precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and washed with cold hexanes to provide 2.60 g of 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid, mp 170-172° C.
Anal. Calcd for C7H11N3O: C, 54.89; H, 7.24; N, 27.43. Found: C, 54.87; H, 7.56; N, 27.58.
The product was mixed with material from another run.
Part D
5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (3.8 g, 25 mmol) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (18 mL, 0.19 mol) according to the method described in Part C of Example 8 to provide 2.68 g of 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part E
5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.68 g, 19.8 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (2.91 g, 29.7 mmol) and bromine (3.16 g, 19.8 mmol) in acetic acid (25 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. The extraction was carried out with tert-butyl methyl ether, and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 3.8 g of a white solid. A small portion of the solid was recrystallized from ethanol to provide 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as long, white needles, mp 72-74° C.
Anal. Calcd for C7H8BrN3: C, 39.28; H, 3.77; N, 19.63. Found: C, 39.26; H, 3.55; N, 19.63.
Part F
A modification of the method described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was used to couple 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.65 g, 7.7 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.01 g, 11.6 mmol) in the presence of palladium (II) acetate (17.3 mg, 0.077 mmol), triphenylphosphine (60.6 mg, 0.23 mmol), and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (11.6 mL). At the end of the reaction, tert-butyl methyl ether was added. The aqueous phase was separated and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (2 x); the combined organic fractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a mixture of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part G
Ethanol (12 mL) was cooled to 0° C., and acetyl chloride (0.91 g, 12 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 30 minutes. A suspension of the material from Part F in ethanol (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was heated at reflux for four hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate was present, isolated by filtration, and combined with material from another run. Chloroform (4 mL) and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate were added, and the mixture was stirred for six hours. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed sequentially with cold water and cold hexanes, and dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. to provide 0.85 g of 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 257-259° C.
Anal. Calcd for C13H14N4.0.2H2O: C, 67.92; H, 6.31; N, 24.37. Found: C, 67.69; H, 6.40; N, 24.76.
Example 11
1,2-Diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate ( ̃0.345 mol), prepared as described in Part A of Example 10, in glacial acetic acid (350 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Ethylhydrazine oxalate (41.43 g, 0.276 mol) was added over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for 20 hours, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate, and chloroform was added. The mixture was filtered to remove a solid. The aqueous filtrate was extracted with chloroform (3×), and the combined organic fractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 29.4 g of ethyl 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an orange oil, which was used without purification.
Part B
A mixture of ethyl 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (29.4 g, 0.150 mol) and ammonium hydroxide (150 mL of 30%) was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. An analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) indicated the reaction was incomplete. The reaction was then heated for 14 hours at 125° C. in a pressure vessel, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and cooled to 0° C. A precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and washed with cold hexanes to provide 8.3 g of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid, mp 129-131° C.
Anal. Calcd for C8H13N3O: C, 57.47; H, 7.84; N, 25.13. Found: C, 57.37; H, 8.04; N, 25.43.
Part C
1,5-Diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (8.3 g, 0.050 mol) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (35 mL) according to the method described in Part C of Example 7. The reaction was heated for 2.5 hours to provide 7.6 g of 1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil, which was used without purification.
Part D
The material from Part C was treated with potassium acetate (7.30 g, 7.44 mmol) and bromine (7.92 g, 49.6 mmol) in acetic acid (60 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath during the addition of bromine. After the addition, the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature over three days. The extraction was carried out with chloroform (3×100 mL), and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 9.4 g of 4-bromo-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an orange oil, which crystallized to an orange solid. The product was used without purification.
Part E
4-Bromo-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (4.56 g, 20.0 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (5.20 g, 30.0 mmol) were coupled in the presence of palladium (II) acetate (45 mg, 0.20 mmol), triphenylphosphine (157 mg, 0.599 mmol), and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (30 mL) according to the method described in Part F of Example 10. The product, 4-(2-aminophenyl)-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, was used without purification.
Part F
The material from Part E was added to a solution of acetyl chloride (2.36 g, 30.0 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part G of Example 10. The reaction was heated at reflux for six hours and then heated at 81° C. overnight. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with a gradient of chloroform/CMA) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile. The crystals were heated a second time in acetonitrile in the presence of activated charcoal, which was removed by hot filtration, and recrystallized to provide 0.440 g of 1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white crystalline solid, mp 234-236° C.
Anal. Calcd for C14H16N4: C, 69.97; H, 6.71; N, 23.31. Found: C, 69.93; H, 7.03; N, 23.61.
Example 12
2-Ethyl-1-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Diethyl oxalate (19.8 g, 135 mmol) and 4-methylthio-2-butanone (16 g, 135 mmol) were added to a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (13 g, 135 mmol) in ethanol (97 mL) according to the method described in Part A of Example 10.
Part B
Acetic acid (38 mL) and potassium acetate (20 g, 200 mmol) were sequentially added to the solution from Part A. The resulting suspension was cooled to 0° C., and ethylhydrazine oxalate (20.3 g, 135 mmol) was added with vigorous stirring over a period of ten minutes. The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0° C. and for one hour at ambient temperature and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Saturated aqueous sodium carbonate was added to adjust the residue to pH 9, and water was added. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×100 mL), and the combined extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting dark oil was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide 8.8 g of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an orange oil.
Part C
mCPBA (17.9 g, 72.6 mmol,  ̃70% pure) was added in portions to a solution of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (8.8 g, 36 mmol) over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction was then stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes and partitioned between chloroform (100 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with ethyl acetate) to provide 4.6 g of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a white solid.
Part D
The method described in Part C of Example 10 was used to treat ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (4.6 g, 17 mmol) with ammonium hydroxide (100 mL). The solid was isolated by filtration and washed with water to provide 3.0 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white powder, which was mixed with material from another run.
Part E
A modification of the method described in Part E of Examples 1-4 was used to treat 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (3.46 g, 14.1 mmol) with phosphorous oxychloride (10 mL). The reaction was heated for 2.5 hours. After the addition of ammonium hydroxide (35 mL of 28%) a precipitate formed. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and the precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with water to provide 3.1 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white powder.
Part F
A modification of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4 was used to treat a solution of 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.1 g, 14 mmol) in acetic acid (27 mL) with potassium acetate (2 g, 20 mmol) and bromine (2.2 g, 14 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 20 minutes before the addition of aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite (1 mL). After the addition of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate, a precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and washed with water to provide 2.4 g of a 2:1 mixture of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and 1-ethyl-5-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, which was used without purification.
Part G
Triphenylphosphine (6.1 mg, 0.023 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (1.75 mg, 0.0018 mmol) were added to a mixture of the material from Part F, 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.03 g, 11.8 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (23 mL), water (3 mL) and n-propanol (14 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part G of Examples 1-4. The work-up procedure was carried out by partitioning between dichloromethane (100 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL) and extracting with dichloromethane (50 mL). Following the work-up procedure, the crude product mixture was triturated with ethyl acetate, and a white solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 90:10 dichloromethane/methanol) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried under vacuum for 20 hours at 60° C. to provide 0.05 g of 2-ethyl-1-(2-methanesulfonylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as pale yellow needles, mp 220-222° C.
Anal. Calcd for C15H18N4O2S.0.25H2O: C, 55.80; H, 5.77; N, 17.35. Found: C, 55.71; H, 5.60; N, 17.41.
Example 13
2-Methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine trifluoroacetate




A solution of 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.6 g, 2 mmol), prepared as described in Example 3, in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) was treated with platinum (IV) oxide (0.5 g) and shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform (20 mL) and filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dissolved in chloroform (50 mL). The solution was adjusted to pH 12 with the addition of ammonium hydroxide and stirred for 20 minutes. The organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 0.3 g of 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine trifluoroacetate as a white powder, mp 204-206° C.
Anal. Calcd for C15H22N4.0.76 CF3COOH: C, 57.51; H, 6.65; N, 16.24. Found: C, 57.11; H, 7.04; N, 16.23.
Example 14
1,2-Dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A modification of the method described in Example 13 was used to reduce 1,2-dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.0 g, 4.7 mmol), prepared as described in Example 5. During the work-up procedure, the residue from the filtrate was suspended in 6 M hydrochloric acid and stirred for 30 minutes. The suspension was adjusted to pH 13 with the addition of 50% sodium hydroxide. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, air-dried, and recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 0.74 g of 1,2-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white solid, mp 258-259° C.
Anal. Calcd for C12H16N4.0.1H2O: C, 66.09; H, 7.49; N, 25.69. Found: C, 65.87; H, 7.52; N, 25.51.
Example 15
2-Methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine




Part A

tert-Butyl N-(2-pyridyl)carbamate is available from the literature procedure (Moraczewski, A. L. et al, J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 7258) or can be prepared by the following method. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (225 mL of a 1.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran) was added over a period of 20 minutes to a solution of 2-aminopyridine (10.61 g, 108.0 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) (150 mL). The solution was stirred for 15 minutes and then cooled to 0° C. A solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (24.60 g, 112.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added slowly, and the reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature slowly and stirred overnight. The THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (500 mL) and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (250 mL). The organic layer was separated; washed sequentially with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (250 mL), water (250 mL), and brine (250 mL); dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with 80:20 hexanes/ethyl acetate to provide 17.43 g of tert-butyl N-(2-pyridyl)carbamate as a white solid.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of tert-butyl N-(2-pyridyl)carbamate (15.71 g, 80.9 mmol) and N,N,N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA, 25.3 g, 218 mmol) in THF (400 mL) was cooled to −78° C. n-Butyllithium (81 mL of a 2.5 M solution in hexanes) was added dropwise over a period of 20 minutes. The solution was stirred for ten minutes, and then the addition funnel was rinsed with additional THF (20 mL). The solution was warmed to −6° C., stirred for two hours, and cooled again to −78° C. Triisopropyl borate (57.7 g, 307 mmol) was added over a period of ten minutes. The resulting solution was warmed to 0° C. and then poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (500 mL). A yellow solid formed and was stirred with diethyl ether (300 mL), isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether and water, and air-dried overnight to provide 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid as a yellow solid.
Part C
A solution of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (7.2 g) and hydrogen chloride (4 M in ethanol) was heated at reflux for 20 minutes. Toluene (50 mL) was added, and the solvents were removed by distillation. The resulting oil was dissolved in water and adjusted to pH 8 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of 20 mL.
Part D
4-Bromo-1-methyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.42 g, 10.0 mmol), prepared as described in Example 3, solid sodium carbonate (1.6 g, 15 mmol), 1-propanol (25 mL), palladium (II) acetate (22 mg, 0.1 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (79 mg, 0.3 mmol) were added to the solution from Part C, and the reaction was heated at 100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 6.5 hours. Additional palladium (II) acetate (22 mg, 0.1 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (79 mg, 0.3 mmol) were added, and the reaction was heated at 100° C. overnight. The work-up procedure described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was followed. The crude product was obtained as a semi-solid and was stirred with tert-butyl methyl ether to form a solid, which was isolated by filtration. The solid was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge (eluting with acetone/methanol in a gradient from 99:1 to 85:1). The resulting solid (450 mg) was triturated with hot acetonitrile (10 mL), cooled to 0° C., isolated by filtration, and air-dried to provide 365 mg of 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine as a white powder, mp>250° C. MS (APCI) m/z 256 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C14H17N5.0.4H2O: C, 64.05; H, 6.83; N, 26.68. Found: C, 64.04; H, 7.27; N, 26.70.
Example 16
2-Ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine




Hydrochloric acid (15 mL of 1M) was added to a solution of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (3.31 g, 13.9 mmol), prepared as described in Parts A and B of Example 15, in 1-propanol (15 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. for one hour and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Solid sodium carbonate (2.69 g, 25.4 mmol) was added with stirring followed by a solution of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.78 g, 6.95 mmol), prepared as described in Example 2, in 1-propanol (4 mL). Triphenylphosphine (109 mg, 0.42 mmol) was added, and the reaction was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times and stirred for five minutes. A solution of palladium (II) acetate (31 mg, 0.14 mmol) in warm toluene (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction was twice evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen and then heated at 100° C. overnight. An analysis by HPLC indicated the reaction was incomplete, and additional triphenylphosphine (109 mg, 0.42 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (31 mg, 0.14 mmol) were added. The reaction was twice evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen at heated at reflux for three days. The 1-propanol was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in chloroform (100 mL). The resulting solution was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system as described in Example 15. The resulting solid (200 mg) was recrystallized from acetonitrile (20 mL) after hot filtration, isolated by filtration, washed with cold acetonitrile, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 60° C. to provide 0.17 g of 2-ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 273-276° C.
Anal. Calcd for C15H19N5: C, 66.89; H, 7.11; N, 26.00. Found: C, 66.77; H, 6.94; N, 26.34.
Example 17
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine




A modification of the method described in Example 16 was used to treat 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (11.33 mmol) in 1-propanol (10 mL) with hydrochloric acid (12 mL of 1 M) followed by sodium carbonate (1.99 g, 18.8 mmol), 4-bromo-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.53 g, 5.66 mmol, prepared as described in Example 1) in 1-propanol (5 mL), triphenylphosphine (44.5 mg, 0.17 mmol), and palladium (II) acetate (13 mg, 0.057 mmol) in toluene (0.25 mL). The reaction was complete after it was heated overnight. Following the work-up procedure and purification, 0.18 g of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine was obtained as off-white needles, mp 257-260° C.
Anal. Calcd for C16H21N5: C, 67.82; H, 7.47; N, 24.71. Found: C, 67.77; H, 7.59; N, 24.52.
Example 18
2-Butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine




A modification of the method described in Example 16 was used to treat 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (2.98 g, 12.5 mmol) in 1-propanol (15 mL) with hydrochloric acid (15 mL of 1 M) followed by sodium carbonate (2.66 g, 25.1 mmol), 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.91 g, 6.72 mmol, prepared as described in Example 4) in 1-propanol (4 mL), triphenylphosphine (105 mg, 0.400 mmol), and palladium (II) acetate (30 mg, 0.13 mmol). The reaction was complete after it was heated over two nights, and no additional reagents were added. Following the work-up procedure and purification, the crude solid was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 75:25 to provide 0.48 g of a light yellow solid, which was recrystallized and isolated as described in Example 16 to provide 0.29 g of 2-butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 219-222° C.
Anal. Calcd for C17H23N5: C, 66.86; H, 7.80; N, 23.55. Found: C, 68.56; H, 8.05; N, 23.88.
Example 19
1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture sodium tert-butoxide (39.0 g, 0.406 mol) and ethanol (135 mL) was stirred for 30 minutes; most of the solid was dissolved. A solution of diethyl oxalate (25.6 mL, 0.189 mol) and 6-chloro-2-hexanone (25.6 mL, 0.189 mol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour, and potassium acetate (28.0 g, 283 mmol) and acetic acid (95 mL of 2 M) were sequentially added. The reaction was cooled to 0° C., and ethylhydrazine oxalate (31.0 g, 208 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for two hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added, and the resulting solution was adjusted to pH 11 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with chloroform; the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil that was used without purification.
Part B
Potassium acetate (92.6 g, 943 mmol), sodium iodide (7.0 g, 47 mmol), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (943 mL) were added to the material from Part A, and the reaction was heated at 90° C. for four hours under a nitrogen atmosphere and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Water was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with water (3×), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ethyl 5-(4-acetoxybutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, which was used without purification.
Part C
A solution of the material from Part B in methanol (150 mL) was treated with ammonium hydroxide (150 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part D of Examples 1-4. The reaction was heated overnight at 125° C. and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The methanol and some water were removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining solution was extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 18.0 g of 1-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a dark oil that was used without purification.
Part D
A modification of the method described in Part E of Examples 1-4 was used to treat 1-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (18.2 g, 86.1 mmol) with phosphorous oxychloride (60 mL). The reaction was heated for three hours before cooling to 0° C. and pouring into ice water. The mixture was adjusted to pH 12 with the addition of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate and extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were passed through a layer of silica gel (eluting first with chloroform and then with 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to provide 10.8 g of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark oil.
Part E
5-(4-Chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (10.8 g, 51.0 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (10.0 g, 102 mmol) and bromine (2.9 mL, 56 mmol) in acetic acid (102 mL), and the reaction was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between water and chloroform. The mixture was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform, and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting yellow oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 95:5 to 50:50) to provide 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part F
2-Aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.88 g, 10.8 mmol), potassium phosphate (6.9 g, 32 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (186 mg, 0.18 mmol), and bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (116 mg, 0.217 mmol) were added to a solution of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.1 g, 7.2 mmol) in toluene (45 mL). Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture, and then the reaction was heated at 110° C. for 48 hours. The mixture was filtered through a layer of silica gel (eluting with 3:2 chloroform/methanol). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dissolved in ethanol (36 mL). Hydrogen chloride (5.4 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to the resulting solution, and the reaction was heated at reflux for two hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was adjusted to pH 11 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was diluted with brine and extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 70:30). The resulting dark semi-solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 175 mg of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan solid.
Anal. Calcd for C16H19ClN4: C, 63.47; H, 6.32; N, 18.50. Found: C, 63.80; H, 6.58; N, 18.38.
Example 20
N-[4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide




Methanesulfonamide (1.14 g, 12.0 mmol) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 480 mg, 12.0 mmol) in DMF (5 mL); the reaction was stirred for five minutes. 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.70 g, 2.4 mmol, prepared as described in Example 19) in DMF (2 mL) and sodium iodide (90 mg, 0.6 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was heated at 80° C. for one hour and 90° C. for three hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and poured into ice water (70 mL). A precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was washed with diethyl ether. A precipitate formed in the aqueous layer over a period of 24 hours and was isolated by filtration and washed with water to provide 200 mg of N-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide as tan crystals, mp 192-194° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 362 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C17H23N5O2S: C, 56.49; H, 6.41; N, 19.37. Found: C, 56.40; H, 6.56; N, 19.24.
Example 21
4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol




Part A

Potassium acetate (1.69 g, 17.2 mmol), sodium iodide (255 mg, 1.7 mmol), and DMF (17 mL) were added to 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.0 g, 3.4 mmol, prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 19), and the reaction was heated at 100° C. for two hours under a nitrogen atmosphere and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Water was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 90:10 to 60:40) to provide 0.86 g of 4-(4-bromo-5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)butyl acetate.
Part B
Triphenylphosphine (21 mg, 0.082 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (710 mg, 4.1 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (4.1 mL), n-propanol (4.8 mL), and water (1 mL) were added to 4-(4-bromo-5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)butyl acetate (0.86 mg, 2.7 mmol), and the flask was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen five times before the addition of palladium (II) acetate (6.0 g, 0.027 mmol). The reaction was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three more times and then heated overnight at 100° C. An analysis by HPLC indicated that the reaction was incomplete. Additional triphenylphosphine (10 mg, 0.038 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (300 mg, 1.73 mmol), solid sodium carbonate (500 mg), and palladium (II) acetate (3.0 g, 0.013 mmol) were added at ambient temperature, and the reaction was heated at reflux for three hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The reaction was diluted with brine and extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Methanol (10 mL) and sodium methoxide (2.2 mL of a 47% solution in methanol) were added to the resulting dark oil. The reaction was heated at reflux for three hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 75:25) to provide an oil. The oil was crystallized from acetonitrile and recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 250 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol as gold-colored crystals, mp 159-160° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 285 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C16H20N4O: C, 67.58; H, 7.09; N, 19.70. Found: C, 67.32; H, 7.41; N, 19.80.
Example 22
2-[4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]isoindole-1,3-dione




Part A

Potassium phthalimide (954 mg, 5.15 mmol), sodium iodide (130 mg, 0.86 mmol), and DMF (5 mL) were added to 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.0 g, 3.4 mmol, prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 19), and the reaction was heated at 100° C. for 45 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Water (50 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. A precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and was dissolved in chloroform. The resulting solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. An analysis by nuclear resonance spectroscopy (NMR) indicated that starting material was present. The solid was treated with potassium phthalimide (1.27 g, 6.88 mmol), sodium iodide (130 mg, 0.86 mmol), and DMF (5 mL) and heated at 90° C. for three hours. Water (50 mL) was added, and the resulting solid was isolated by filtration to provide 0.97 g of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(4-phthalimidobutyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a gray, crystalline solid.
Part B
4-Bromo-1-ethyl-5-(4-phthalimidobutyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (0.97 g, 2.4 mmol) was treated with 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (839 mg, 4.84 mmol), potassium phosphate (2.56 g, 12.1 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (124 mg, 0.12 mmol), and bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (75 mg, 0.14 mmol) according to the method described in Part F of Example 19. The reaction was heated for 24 hours. Following the purification and recrystallization, 0.157 g of 2-[4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]isoindole-1,3-dione was obtained as brown crystals, mp 216-217° C.
Anal. Calcd for C24H23N5O2: C, 69.72; H, 5.61; N, 16.94. Found: C, 69.47; H, 5.89; N, 16.94.
Example 23
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride




Part A

4-Phthalimido-2-butanone was obtained from the literature procedure, Eriks et al, J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 3239-3246. Sodium tert-butoxide (20.75 g, 0.216 mol) was added over a period of 12 minutes to ethanol (160 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. When all solids had dissolved, diethyl oxalate (31.55 g, 0.216 mol) and a suspension of 4-phthalimido-2-butanone (46.9 g, 0.216 mol) were sequentially added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 2.5 hours. A precipitate was present and was isolated by filtration to provide 37.4 g of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-phthalimidohexanoate, sodium salt as a light orange solid.
Part B
A modification of the method described in Part A of Example 11 was followed. A solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-phthalimidohexanoate, sodium salt (37.64 g, 0.110 mol) in glacial acetic acid (160 L) was cooled to 10° C. before the addition of ethylhydrazine oxalate (16.52 g, 0.110 mol). During the addition, the reaction temperature was maintained between 9 and 11° C. The reaction was complete in two hours. The crude product, a reddish-orange oil, was treated with diethyl ether (150 mL) to form a solid, which was isolated by filtration to provide 26.5 g of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a tan solid.
Part C
A solution of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (10.0 g, 29.3 mmol) in hydrochloric acid (20 mL of 1 M) and acetic acid (60 mL) was heated at 105° C. for 14.5 hours. An analysis by HPLC indicated the presence of starting material; the reaction was heated at 115° C. for three hours and cooled to ambient temperature. The reaction was poured into ice water (200 mL). A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried in the filter funnel for 1.5 hours to provide 7.64 g of white solid. Toluene (40 mL) and thionyl chloride (20 mL) were added to the white solid, and the mixture was heated at 115° C. for 40 minutes, cooled to ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Toluene was added and removed under reduced pressure. Dichloromethane (60 mL) was added to the residue, and the resulting solution was cooled to 0° C. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (20 mL) was added, a precipitate formed, and the reaction was stirred for five minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting solid was washed with water twice and dried on the filter funnel. The solid was combined with material from another run and recrystallized from ethanol (45 mL/g) to provide 8.5 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part D
A solution of 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (8.5 g, 27.2 mmol) and thionyl chloride (20 mL) in toluene (40 mL) was heated at reflux for five hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in chloroform and made basic with the addition of 2 M sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was separated at extracted with chloroform (4×), and the combined organic fractions were washed with brine. The brine was extracted with chloroform (4×). The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product (8.08 g) was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 80:20) to provide 7.73 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part E
Potassium acetate (3.9 g, 39.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (7.73 g, 26.3 mmol) in acetic acid (37.5 mL) and dichloromethane (75 mL). Bromine (5.88 g, 36.8 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred for 14 hours. A precipitate was present. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added, and the dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure. Water (500 mL) was added with stirring, and the resulting solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried on the filter funnel to provide 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part F
Hydrazine hydrate (4.26 g, 85.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (6.35 g, 17.0 mmol) in ethanol, and the solution was heated at reflux for one hour and cooled to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration and washed with cold ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting white solid was twice treated with toluene and concentrated under reduced pressure. The combined solids were dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) (30 mL), and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (4.37 g, 20.0 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred overnight, and additional di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.50 g, 2.3 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 25 minutes and cooled to 0° C. Water (350 mL) was added to form a precipitate, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 60:40 to 40:60) to provide 5.73 g of [2-(4-bromo-5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethyl]tert-butyl carbamate as a white solid.
Part G
2-[(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (also known as 2-pivaloylaminobenzene)boronic acid) was prepared using the literature procedure of Rocca, P. et al, Tetrahedron, 1993, 49, 49-64. The method described in Part G of Examples 1-4 was used to couple [2-(4-bromo-5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethyl]tert-butyl carbamate (5.50 g, 16.0 mmol) and (2-pivaloylaminobenzene)boronic acid (5.3 g, 24 mmol) in the presence of palladium (II) acetate (72 mg, 0.32 mmol), triphenylphosphine (252 mg, 0.96 mmol), and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (12 mL). After the reaction was heated for nine hours, additional palladium (II) acetate (72 mg, 0.32 mmol), triphenylphosphine (252 mg, 0.96 mmol), and 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (1.8 g, 8.1 mmol) were added, and the reaction was heated for an additional 15 hours. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 70:30 to 35:65) to provide 4.35 g of tert-butyl 2-(3-cyano-4-{2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenyl}-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate containing small amounts of [2-(4-bromo-5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethyl]tert-butyl carbamate and [2-(5-cyano-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethyl]tert-butyl carbamate.
Part H
A solution of the material from Part G in ethanol (50 mL) was treated with sodium tert-butoxide (2 mmol) and heated at 100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and the ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between chloroform and brine. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with chloroform (4×). The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 95:5 to 60:40) to provide 1.71 g of 2-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl tert-butyl carbamate as a white solid containing a small amount of hexane.
Part I
Hydrogen chloride (5 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to a suspension of 2-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl tert-butyl carbamate (1.71 g) in ethanol (10 mL), and the reaction was heated at reflux for one hour and cooled to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed, and the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. The solid was isolated by filtration and washed with diethyl ether to provide 1.521 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride.
Examples 23-33
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (32 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.068 mL, 0.4 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped, shaken for four hours at ambient temperature, and allowed to stand overnight. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation.
The compounds were purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep HPLC) using a Waters FractionLynx automated purification system. The prep HPLC fractions were analyzed using a Micromass LC/TOF-MS, and the appropriate fractions were combined and centrifuge evaporated to provide the trifluoroacetate salt of the desired compound. Column: Zorbax BonusRP, 21.2×50 millimeters (mm), 5 micron particle size; non-linear gradient elution from 5 to 95% B where A is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/water and B is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile; fraction collection by mass-selective triggering. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 23-33
















 










Example
Reagent
R
Measured Mass (M + H)













23
none




256.1570


 


24
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




324.1846


 


25
Benzoyl chloride




360.1835


 


26
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




361.1784


 


27
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




362.1665


 


28
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




363.1611


 


29
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




396.1493


 


30
Isopropyl isocyanate




341.2103


 


31
Phenyl isocyanate




375.1952


 


32
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




392.1692


 


33
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




327.1965









Example 34
1,2-Dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Triphenylphosphine (0.10 g, 0.45 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (3.89 g, 22.0 mmol), and 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared as described in Parts A-C of Example 5, 3.00 g, 15.0 mmol) were placed in a flask. After 1-propanol was added (22 mL), the flask was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen three times. Palladium (II) acetate (30 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added, followed by aqueous sodium carbonate (22.5 mL of 2 M) and water (4.4 mL). The reaction was heated overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. Additional 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.0 g), palladium (II) acetate (approximately 10 mg), aqueous sodium carbonate (10 mL of 2 M), and water (5 mL) were added. The reaction was heated at 100° C. for 8 hours, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was partioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-30% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and concentrated under reduced pressure, which resulted in the formation of a solid. Hexanes were added to the solid, which was isolated by filtration and crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.637 g of 1,2-dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white needles, mp>250° C.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.99 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (br s, 2H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 213 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for Cl2H12N4.0.19H2O: C, 66.83; H, 5.79; N, 25.98. Found: C, 66.47; H, 5.64; N, 26.02.
Example 35
2-Ethyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Ethylhydrazine oxalate (23.7 g, 158 mmol) was added slowly to an 11° C. solution of ethyl acetopyruvate (50.0 g, 316 mmol) in ethanol so that the internal temperature did not exceed 14° C. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred overnight. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M sodium carbonate was added to adjust the mixture to pH 9. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The aqueous phase was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (3×600 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 28.94 g of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an orange oil that was used without purification in the next reaction.
Part B
A mixture of the material prepared in Part A (28.94 g) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (275 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 2 days in a pressure vessel. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration but was found to contain a mixture of material. The filtrate was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and a white solid formed. The solid was isolated, washed with water, and dried to yield 10.22 g of 1-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid.
Part C
1-Ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (10.2 g, 66.7 mmol) was treated with phosphorus oxychloride (41 mL) according to the method described in Part C of Example 8. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 1-21% ethyl acetate/hexanes followed by 2-25% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 8.17 g of 1-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as clear colorless crystals.
Part D
1-Ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.98 g, 22.0 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (4.93 g, 31.0 mmol) and bromine (3.87 g, 24.0 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (43 mL) according to the general method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. Methyl tert-butyl ether was used instead of dichloromethane in the extraction during the work-up. The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Anal. calcd for C7H8BrN3: C, 39.28; H, 3.77; N, 19.63. Found: C, 39.30; H, 3.60; N, 19.77.
Part E
4-Bromo-1-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.00 g, 14.0 mmol) was treated with triphenylphosphine (0.10 g, 0.42 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (3.64 g, 21.0 mmol), 1-propanol (22 mL), palladium (II) acetate (30 mg, 0.14 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (22.5 mL, 45 mmol), and water (4.4 mL) according to the general procedure described in Example 34. The reaction time was approximately 18 hours and no additional reagents were added. The crude product mixture was used in the next step without purification.
Part F
A solution of ethanolic HCl, generated from the addition of acetyl chloride (1.65 g, 21.0 mmol) to ethanol (21 mL), was added to the material from Part E according to a modification of the method described in Part G of Example 10. The reaction was heated at reflux and then heated at 81° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and a white solid was isolated by filtration and stirred in 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel where it was extracted with chloroform twice. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting light brown solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile and isolated to yield 0.564 g of 2-ethyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off white powder, mp 217.0-218.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.01 (dd, J=7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (td, J=7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (td, J=7.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (br s, 2H), 4.43 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 1.43 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 227 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C13H14N4: C, 69.00; H, 6.24; N, 24.76. Found: C, 68.69; H, 6.21; N, 24.81.
Example 36
2-Benzyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Benzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (123.3 g, 0.632 mol) was added in batches to a 12° C. solution of ethyl acetopyruvate (100.0 g, 0.632 mol) and potassium acetate (155.1 g, 1.58 mol) in glacial acetic acid (1.044 L) so that the internal temperature did not exceed 16° C. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to stir overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an orange oil to which 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added until pH 9 was reached. The mixture was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (3×1 L). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield 102.5 g of slightly impure ethyl 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A mixture of ethyl 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (57.57 g, 0.236 mol), concentrated ammonium hydroxide (114 mL), and methanol (114 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 39 hours in a pressure vessel. After cooling to ambient temperature, the vessel was placed in an ice bath and the reaction solution was stirred for 30 minutes until a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with water to yield 28.22 g of 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part C
1-Benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (28.22 g, 0.131 mol) was treated with phosphorus oxychloride (112 mL) according to the general method described in Part C of Example 8. The mixture was heated for 3 hours at 90° C. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 1-25% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 3.38 g of 1-benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part D
1-Benzyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.38 g, 17.1 mmol) was treated with potassium acetate (2.35 g, 24.0 mmol) and bromine (3.01 g, 18.9 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (48 mL) according to the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. After the 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added in the work-up, a white solid was isolated by filtration and washed with water to yield 4.49 g of 1-benzyl-4-bromo-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Anal. calcd for C12H10BrN3: C, 52.20; H, 3.65; N, 15.22. Found: C, 51.98; H, 3.45; N, 15.27.
Part E
1-Benzyl-4-bromo-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.00 g, 10.9 mmol) was treated with triphenylphosphine (85 mg, 0.32 mmol), 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (prepared as described in Part G of Example 23, 2.15 g, 16.3 mmol), 1-propanol (22 mL), palladium (II) acetate (24 mg, 0.11 mmol), aqueous sodium carbonate (6.5 mL of 2 M, 13 mmol), and water (4.4 mL) according to the general procedure described in Example 34. The reaction time was approximately 16 hours and no additional reagents were added. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and methyl tert-butyl ether (25 mL) was added. After the mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes, the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield a brown oil. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution 1-30% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield 2.40 g of N-[2-(1-benzyl-3-cyano-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as an oil that solidified upon standing at ambient temperature.
Part F
A solution of N-[2-(1-benzyl-3-cyano-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (2.40 g, 6.44 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.743 g, 7.73 mmol) in ethanol (28 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 day, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration and washed with water followed by water/ethanol (8:1) to provide 1.33 g of 2-benzyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp>250° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.00 (dd, J=7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 3H), 6.70 (br s, 2H), 5.70 (br s, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 289 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H16N4: C, 74.98; H, 5.59; N, 19.43. Found: C, 74.80; H, 5.65; N, 19.55.
Examples 37-39
Part A
Diethyl oxalate and 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone were treated with sodium tert-butoxide in ethanol according to the procedure described in Part A of Examples 1-4. The product was isolated, washed with ethanol, and dried under vacuum to provide ethyl 4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxohept-3-enoate, sodium salt as a white solid.
Part B
A hydrazine reagent from the table below (1 equivalent) was added slowly to a 11° C. stirred 0.65 M solution of ethyl 4-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxohept-3-enoate, sodium salt (1 equivalent) in glacial acetic acid such that the internal temperature did not exceed 14° C. In Example 38, the acetic acid solution also contained potassium acetate (1.5 equivalents). When the addition was complete, the ice bath was removed and the reaction was allowed to stir overnight at ambient temperature. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the resulting oil was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate the mixture reached pH 9. The mixture was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether three times. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield an oil.
Part C
The material from Part B (37.8-45.4 g, 169-190 mmol) in a 1:1 mixture of concentrated ammonium hydroxide/methanol (150-200 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 24 hours in a pressure vessel. After cooling to ambient temperature, the vessel was placed in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with water to yield a carboxamide.
Part D
A mixture of the carboxamide (7.05-13.27 g, 29.7-63.5 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (28-52 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was poured onto ice water (360-680 mL). Additional ice was added. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide was added to adjust the mixture to pH 8-9. The mixture was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide an oil.
Part E
Potassium acetate (1.4 equivalents) followed by bromine (1.1 equivalents) were added to a 0.4 M solution of the material from Part D in acetic acid. The reaction was stirred for 18-72 hours at ambient temperature. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added to reduce the residual bromine. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added to adjust the mixture to pH 9. A white solid formed and was isolated by filtration and washed with water to provide a 1-alkyl-4-bromo-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Example 38
4-Bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile was obtained as a white solid.
Anal. calcd for C11H16BrN3: C, 48.90; H, 5.97; N, 15.55. Found: C, 48.88; H, 6.26; N, 15.52.
Example 39
4-Bromo-1-butyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile was obtained as a white solid.
Anal. calcd for C13H20BrN3: C, 52.36; H, 6.76; N, 14.09. Found: C, 52.06; H, 7.02; N, 13.78.
Part F
Triphenylphosphine (0.03 equivalent), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.5-2.0 equivalents), and the material from Part E (1 equivalent) were placed in a flask. After 1-propanol was added (so that the concentration of material from Part E was 0.55 M), the flask was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen three times. Palladium (II) acetate (0.01 equivalent) was added, followed by 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (3 equivalents) and water (1/5 of the amount of 1-propanol). The reaction was heated overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and methyl tert-butyl ether was added. After the mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes, the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield a brown oil. In Examples 37 and 38 the oil was used directly in the next step. In Example 39, the crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield an oil.
Part G
The oil prepared in Part F was converted into a 2-alkyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine using the general procedure described in Part H of Examples 1-4.
Example 37
2-Methyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as an off-white powder, mp 254.0-255.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.16 (dd, J=7.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (td, J=7.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (td, J=8.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (br s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 2H), 1.02 (s, 9H);
MS (APCI) m/z 269 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H20N4: C, 71.61; H, 7.51; N, 20.88. Found: C, 71.37; H, 7.50; N, 21.04.
Example 38
No chromatographic purification was necessary. After crystallization from acetonitrile, 2-ethyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as a off-white needles, mp 239.8-240.2° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.15 (dd, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dt, J=7.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dt, J=8.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (br s, 2H), 4.43 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (br s, 2H), 1.46 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.01 (s, 9H).
Anal. calcd for C17H22N4: C, 72.31; H, 7.85; N, 19.84. Found: C, 71.94; H, 8.01; N, 19.80.
Example 39
No chromatography or crystallization steps necessary. 2-Butyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as a white powder, mp 163.0-164.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.15 (dd, J=7.9, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (td, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (td, J=8.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (br s, 2H), 4.39 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (br s, 2H), 1.87 (pentet, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.28 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.89 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 311 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H26N4: C, 73.51; H, 8.44; N, 18.05. Found: C, 73.34; H, 8.21; N, 18.19.
Examples 37-39
















 









Example
Hydrazine reagent in Part B
R












37
Methylhydrazine
—CH3


38
Ethylhydrazine oxalate
—CH2CH3


39
Butylhydrazine oxalate
—CH2CH2CH2CH3









Examples 40-42
Part A
Diethyl oxalate and benzylacetone were treated with sodium tert-butoxide in ethanol according to the procedure described in Part A of Examples 1-4. The reaction solution was stirred for 90 minutes and a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated to provide ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-phenylhex-3-enoate, sodium salt as a white solid.
Part B
A hydrazine reagent from the table below (1 equivalent) was added to a solution of ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-phenylhex-3-enoate, sodium salt (1 equivalent) in glacial acetic acid according to the procedure described in Part B of Examples 37-39. The product was isolated as an oil.
Part C
The material from Part B was treated with a 1:1 mixture of concentrated ammonium hydroxide/methanol (150-200 mL) according to the procedure described in Part C of Examples 37-39 to yield a carboxamide. Example 40 was heated for 2 days, Example 41 was heated for 18 hours, and Example 42 was heated for 1 day.
Part D
The carboxamide from Part C was treated with phosphorous oxychloride according to the procedure described in Part D of Examples 37-39 to yield the nitrile as an oil.
Part E
The material from Part D was brominated according to the procedure described in Part E of Examples 37-39. During the work-up in Examples 41 and 42, the mixture at pH 9 was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether twice. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to give a brown oil.
Part F
The material from Part E (3.00 g) was treated with triphenylphosphine (0.03 equivalent), 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (prepared as described in Part G of Example 23, 1.5 equivalents), 1-propanol (22 mL), palladium (II) acetate (0.01 equivalent), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (1.2 equivalents), and water (4.4 mL) according to the general procedure described in Examples 37-39. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-25% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield an oil.
Part G
To a 0.2 M solution of the material from Part F in ethanol was added sodium tert-butoxide (1.2 equivalents). The solution was heated at reflux for 1 day, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration and washed with a small amount of water and ethanol. The solid was dried at 70° C. in a vacuum oven overnight to provide the product products listed below.
Example 40
2-Methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as pale yellow powder, mp 210.5-212.5° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.97 (dd, J=7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.15 (m, 7H), 6.67 (br s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.51 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H);
MS (APCI) m/z 303 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H18N4.0.17H2O: C, 74.71; H, 6.05; N, 18.34. Found: C, 74.40; H, 5.83; N, 18.31.
Example 41
2-Ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as a white powder, mp 179.0-181.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.97 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.20 (m, 7H), 6.65 (br s, 2H), 4.17 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H);
Anal. calcd for C20H20N4: C, 75.92; H, 6.37; N, 17.71. Found: C, 75.71; H, 6.75; N, 17.82.
Example 42
1-(2-Phenylethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as a white powder, mp 175.0-176.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.97 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J=8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.20 (m, 7H), 6.65 (br s, 2H), 4.07 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (sextet, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.85 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
Anal. calcd for C21H22N4: C, 76.33; H, 6.71; N, 16.96. Found: C, 76.10; H, 6.69; N, 16.90.
Examples 40-42
















 









Example
Hydrazine reagent in Part B
R












40
Methylhydrazine
—CH3


41
Ethylhydrazine oxalate
—CH2CH3


42
Propylhydrazine oxalate
—CH2CH2CH3









Example 43
1-Butyl-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Diethyl oxalate and 2-hexanone were treated with sodium tert-butoxide in ethanol according to the procedure described in Part A of Examples 1-4. The reaction solution was stirred for 90 minutes and a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated to provide 1-ethoxy-1,2-dioxooct-3-en-4-olate, sodium salt as a white solid.
Part B
1-Ethoxy-1,2-dioxooct-3-en-4-olate, sodium salt (332.8 g, 1.50 mol) was treated with tert-butylhydrazine hydrochloride (186.6 g, 1.50 mol) according to the procedure described in Part B of Examples 37-39 to yield ethyl 5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a brown oil.
Part C
Ethyl 5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (60 g, 0.24 mol) in a 1:1 mixture of concentrated ammonium hydroxide/methanol (238 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 37 hours in a pressure vessel. After cooling to ambient temperature, the vessel was placed in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then was concentrated under reduced pressure to a brown oil. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane and the solution was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a wet brown solid. Hexanes were added, the mixture was stirred, and 18.67 g of 5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide was isolated by filtration as an off-white solid.
Part D
A solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (13.5 mL, 95.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (84 mL) was added over 15 minutes to a 0° C. solution of 5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (18.7 g, 86.7 mmol) and triethylamine (36.3 mL, 260 mmol) in dichloromethane (167 mL). The reaction was allowed to stir for 10 minutes before the ice bath was removed. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour and then 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and was extracted with dichloromethane three times. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, eluted with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 11.00 g of 5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an orange oil.
Part E
5-Butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (11.00 g, 53.6 mmol) was converted into 4-bromo-5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile using the procedure described in Part E of Examples 37-39.
Part F
4-Bromo-5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.0 g, 10.6 mmol) was treated with triphenylphosphine (0.085 g, 0.32 mmol), 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (prepared as described in Part G of Example 23, 2.41 g, 15.8 mmol), 1-propanol (22 mL), palladium (II) acetate (0.024 g, 0.11 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (6.5 mL, 13.0 mmol), and water (4.4 mL) according to the general procedure described in Examples 37-39. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-25% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield 1.63 g of N-[2-(5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as an oil.
Part G
To a solution of N-[2-(5-butyl-1-tert-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (1.63 g, 4.28 mmol) in ethanol was added sodium tert-butoxide (0.494 g, 5.14 mmol). The solution was heated at reflux for 1 day, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration and washed with a small amount of water (24 mL) and ethanol (3 mL) to yield 0.4667 g of 1-butyl-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as off-white crystals, mp 222.0-223.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6 at 46° C.) δ 7.83 (dd, J=7.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (td, J=7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (td, J=7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (br s, 2H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 2H), 1.76 (s, 9H), 1.72-1.56 (m, 4H), 1.01 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 297 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H24N4: C, 72.94; H, 8.16; N, 18.90. Found: C, 72.67; H, 8.29; N, 19.01.
Example 44
1-Ethyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate ( ̃0.464 mol), prepared as described in Part A of Example 10, in glacial acetic acid (300 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Hydrazine (8.91 g, 0.278 mol) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred overnight, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3×250 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 27.0 g of ethyl 5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, which was used without purification.
Part B
Propyl iodide (0.43 mL, 4.46 mmol) and a solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21%, 0.95 g, 3.27 mmol) were added to a solution of ethyl 5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (0.5 g, 2.97 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) at ambient temperature. The reaction was stirred overnight, and additional propyl iodide (0.05 mL) and sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21%, 0.1 g) were added. After 3 hours, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between an aqueous sodium chloride solution and methyl tert-butyl ether. The aqueous phase was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether twice. The organic phases were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield impure ethyl 5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part C
Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (13.0 g, 62 mmol) in a 4:1 mixture of concentrated ammonium hydroxide/methanol (50 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 18 hours in a pressure vessel. After cooling to ambient temperature, the contents of the vessel were poured into a flask and a precipitate formed immediately. The precipitate was isolated by filtration to yield 5.02 g of analytically pure 5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as off-white crystals, mp 105-106° C. MS (APCI) m/z 182.1 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C9H15N3O: C, 59.64; H, 8.34; N, 23.19. Found: C, 59.59; H, 8.54; N, 23.39. An additional 0.50 g of product was obtained in the second crop from the filtrate.
Part D
5-Ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (5.50 g, 30.35 mmol) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (20 mL) according to the procedure described in Part D of Examples 37-39 to yield 4.89 g of 5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an oil.
Part E
5-Ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (4.89 g, 30.0 mmol) was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (30 mL) and treated with potassium acetate (4.41 g, 44.9 mmol) and bromine (4.79 g, 30.0 mmol). During the slow addition of bromine, an exotherm occurred and ice bath was used to cool the reaction. After the addition of bromine was complete, the reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir for 5 hours. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added to reduce the residual bromine. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added to adjust the mixture to pH 9. The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3×100 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield 6.12 g of 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part F
A mixture of 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (4.00 g, 16.5 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (4.30 g, 24.8 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.26 g, 0.99 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (0.074 g, 0.33 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (24.8 mL, 49.5 mmol), 1-propanol (35 mL), and water (5 mL) was heated at reflux for 18 hours. Additional triphenylphosphine (0.26 g) and palladium (I) acetate (0.074 g) were added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 22 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and methyl tert-butyl ether (100 mL) was added. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was isolated and washed with water and brine. The aqueous layers were combined and back-extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (2×40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide a red oil that was used in the next step without purification.
Part G
The oil prepared in Part F was converted into 1-ethyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine using the general procedure described in Part H of Examples 1-4. 1-Ethyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.34 g) was isolated an off-white solid, mp 219-220° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.91 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.64 (br s, 2H), 4.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (sextet, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 150.5, 143.7, 139.0, 135.5, 125.5, 121.6, 119.6, 116.0, 50.7, 23.6, 18.2, 13.1, 10.9.
MS (APCI) m/z 255.2 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C15H18N4: C, 70.84; H, 7.13; N, 22.03. Found: C, 70.49; H, 7.38; N, 22.12.
Example 45
2-Butyl-1-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate (approximately 60% pure, 45.0 g, 0.232 mol), prepared as described in Part A of Example 10, in glacial acetic acid (150 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Butylhydrazine oxalate (25.0 g, 0.139 mol) was added slowly. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred overnight, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with chloroform and an emulsion that contained solid material formed. The solid was isolated by filtration, and the filtrate was transferred to the separatory funnel. The organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform three times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide an oil that was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with CMA in chloroform) to yield 13.27 g of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil.
Part B
Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (13.27 g, 59.2 mmol) in concentrated ammonium hydroxide (50 mL) was heated at 125° C. for 14 hours in a pressure vessel. After the vessel was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, methanol (40 mL) was added and the vessel was heated at 125° C. for 1 day. After cooling to ambient temperature, the vessel was cooled in an ice bath and the product began to crystallize from the reaction mixture. Two crops of crystals were isolated to provide 5.50 g of 5-ethyl-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as off-white crystals, mp 60-61° C. MS (APCI) m/z 196.1 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C10H17N3O: C, 61.51; H, 8.78; N, 21.52.
Found: C, 61.32; H, 9.04; N, 21.71.
Part C
5-Ethyl-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (5.44 g, 27.9 mmol) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (20 mL) according to the procedure described in Part D of Examples 37-39 to yield 5.20 g of an oil. Chloroform was used in place of methyl tert-butyl ether in the work-up.
Part D
Potassium acetate (4.11 g, 41.9 mmol) followed by bromine (4.46 g, 27.9 mmol) were added to a cooled solution of the material from Part C in acetic acid (35 mL). The reaction was stirred for 48 hours at ambient temperature. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added to adjust the mixture to pH 9-10. The mixture was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether (250 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 5.87 g of 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil that was used in the next step without purification.
Part E
A flask containing a mixture of 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.56 g, 10 mmol), 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]phenylboronic acid (2.87 g, 15 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.079 g, 0.30 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (15 mL, 30 mmol), water (3 mL) and 1-propanol (20 mL) was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen three times. Palladium (II) acetate (0.023 g, 0.10 mmol) was added. Again, the flask was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen. The mixture was heated overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and methyl tert-butyl ether was added. After the mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes, the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield a brown oil. Hexanes were added to the brown oil, causing the formation of a tan solid that was isolated by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to an oil that was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide 0.45 g of N-[2-(5-ethyl-1-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide, which was used in the next step without further purification.
Part F
To a solution of N-[2-(5-ethyl-1-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (0.45 g, 1.28 mmol) in ethanol (8 mL) was added sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21 wt % solution in ethanol, 1.03 g, 3.19 mmol). The solution was heated at reflux overnight, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with water. A precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration and washed with water, then was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-35% CMA in chloroform) to yield 0.14 g of 1-ethyl-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white crystalline solid, mp 215-216° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90 (dd, J=7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.63 (br s, 2H), 4.37 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.93-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 150.5, 143.7, 138.8, 135.4, 125.5, 121.6, 119.6, 116.0, 49.0, 32.3, 19.3, 18.3, 13.5, 13.1;
MS (APCI) m/z 269.3 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H20N4: C, 71.61; H, 7.51; N, 20.88. Found: C, 71.5; H, 7.54; N, 20.94.
Example 46
1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate was prepared using a modification of the procedure described in Part A of Example 19. Propylhydrazine oxalate was used instead of ethylhydrazine oxalate. After all the reagents were added, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight instead of two hours. Crude ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate was isolated as an impure brown oil, MS (APCI) m/z 273.1 (M+H)+.
Part B
To a solution of the material from Part A (85.05 g, 0.312 mol) in ethanol (500 mL) was added 6 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (104 mL, 0.624 mol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and water (200 mL) was added. The aqueous solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with diethyl ether (100 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with 6 M aqueous hydrochloric acid to pH 3, causing a precipitate to form. After 10 minutes, the precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum at 60° C. overnight to yield 57.1 g of a brown oil which was used without purification in the next step.
Part C
To a solution of the material from Part B (57.1 g, 0.233 mmol) in dichloromethane (600 mL) at 0° C. was added slowly a solution of oxalyl chloride (61.0 mL, 0.700 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL). The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0° C., then at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, then was concentrated from dichloromethane twice. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 mL) and added dropwise to a flask containing concentrated ammonium hydroxide (250 mL) cooled in an ice bath. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (600 mL, then 2×100 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a brown solid that was purified by trituration with diethyl ether/hexanes. A tan solid was isolated by filtration to provide 30.98 g of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.70 (br s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.32 (br s, 1H), 3.99 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.61-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.59 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.76 (m, 6H), 0.94 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).
Part D
5-(4-Chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (30.95 g, 0.127 mmol) in toluene (250 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (24.86 mL, 0.267 mol). The solution was heated at reflux for 40 minutes. The reaction was worked-up as described in Part D of Examples 37-39, with the exception that chloroform was used in place of methyl tert-butyl ether, to yield 5.20 g of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an oil. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.43 (s, 1H), 4.04 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.62-3.53 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.58 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.76 (m, 6H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).
Part E
5-(4-Chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (14.00 g, 62.0 mmol) was converted into 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile according the procedure described in Part F of Examples 1-4. Chloroform was used instead of dichloromethane in the extraction step during the work-up. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 10-25% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 14.80 g of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.07 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.69 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.69 (m, 6H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).
Part F
To a mixture of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (8.25 g, 27.1 mmol) and powdered molecular sieves (1 g) in toluene (170 mL) was added 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (9.40 g, 54.2 mmol), potassium phosphate (28.62 g, 135 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)-chloroform adduct (0.701 g, 0.677 mmol) and bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (0.437 g, 0.812 mmol). Nitrogen gas was bubbled through the mixture for 5 minutes. The mixture was heated at 110° C. for 22 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was filtered through a plug of CELITE filter agent with 3:2 chloroform/methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a residue that was used in the next step.
Part G
Acetyl chloride (6.38 g, 81.3 mmol) was added to ethanol (20 mL) at 0° C. The resulting solution was added to the residue from Part F. The solution was heated at reflux overnight. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between chloroform and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform, and the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to afford 4.31 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as off-white crystals, mp 172-173° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.93 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=8.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.62 (br s, 2H), 4.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.31-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.86 (m, 4H), 1.84-1.72 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 150.5, 143.7, 137.3, 135.5, 125.60, 125.55, 121.7, 121.5, 119.5, 116.3, 50.7, 44.9, 31.3, 25.7, 23.9, 23.5, 10.9;
MS (APCI) m/z 317.1 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H21ClN4: C, 64.45; H, 6.68; N, 17.68. Found: C, 64.44; H, 6.88; N, 17.79.
Example 47
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A solution of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.8 g, 3 mmol), prepared as described in Example 1, in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) was treated with platinum (IV) oxide (0.5 g) and shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 24 hours on a Parr apparatus. The reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform (20 mL) and methanol (10 mL) and filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (5 mL), stirred for 30 minutes, and treated with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide to adjust the mixture to pH 13. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-35% CMA in chloroform) to yield 0.55 g of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white powder, mp 167-168° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.02 (br s, 2H), 4.26-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.79-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.89-1.76 (m, 4H), 0.97 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 6H) 0.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 148.3, 141.2, 135.3, 134.9, 123.1, 112.1, 51.9, 34.2, 32.0, 30.7, 25.5, 23.9, 23.3, 23.0, 22.3, 11.2;
MS (APCI) m/z 287.2 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H26N4.0.01 CF3COOH: C, 71.09; H, 9.12; N, 19.48; F, 0.20. Found: C, 70.77; H, 9.37; N, 19.27; F, 0.22.
Example 48
2-Ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




2-Ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.700 g, 1.61 mmol), prepared as described in Example 2, was reduced using the procedure described in Example 47. After chromatographic purification, the product was crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.39 g of 2-ethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white crystalline solid, mp 206-207° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 14.58 (br s, 1H), 10.88 (br s, 1H), 6.21 (br s, 1H), 4.33 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.71 (m, 4H), 1.95 (heptet, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.88-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.56 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 6H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 149.2, 137.0, 133.2, 131.6, 122.7, 112.2, 45.9, 33.9, 30.5, 26.5, 24.4, 22.3, 22.0, 21.6, 15.4;
MS (APCI) m/z 273.2 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H24N4.1.02 CF3COOH: C, 55.74; H, 6.49; N, 14.41; F, 14.96. Found: C, 55.41; H, 6.90; N, 14.38; F, 14.68.
Example 49
1-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




2-Methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.79 g, 2.6 mmol), prepared as described in Example 40, was reduced using the procedure described in Example 47. After chromatographic purification, the product was crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.44 g of 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 230-231° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.96 (br s, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 3.03-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.68 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.61 (m, 9H), 1.54-1.10 (m, 6H), 1.08-0.89 (m, 2H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 148.0, 141.3, 136.4, 135.2, 122.8, 112.0, 38.2, 37.8, 37.3, 33.1, 31.9, 26.5, 26.2, 25.1, 23.3, 22.9;
MS (APCI) m/z 313.2 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H28N4 0.12H2O: C, 72.53; H, 9.05; N, 17.81. Found: C, 72.27; H, 9.16; N, 17.41.
Example 50
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A modification of the method described in Part A of Example 11 was followed. A mixture of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-phthalimidohexanoate, sodium salt (prepared as described in Part A of Example 23, 100 g, 295 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (0.3 L) was cooled to 9° C. before the addition of methylhydrazine (16.0 mL, 300 mmol). During the addition, the reaction temperature did not exceed 16° C. Solids were rinsed from the inside of the flask walls into the mixture with acetic acid (50 mL) and the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir overnight. Water was added to the mixture and additional solid precipitated. The solid was isolated by filtration, dried, and recrystallized from ethanol. The solid was isolated and dried to yield 75.2 g of ethyl 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (75.2 g, 230 mmol) in 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (450 mL) and acetic acid (450 mL) was heated at 100° C. (internal temperature) for 5.2 hours, cooled to ambient temperature, and stirred for about 12 hours. A white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to provide 52.6 g of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Part C
Toluene (250 mL) and thionyl chloride (30.4 mL, 418 mmol) were added to 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (50.0 g, 167 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours, cooled to ambient temperature, and poured onto ice. A solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to afford 47.5 g of a white solid.
Part D
To a solid from Part C (25.0 g) in dichloromethane (250 mL) at 0° C. was added concentrated ammonium hydroxide (50 mL) in one portion. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes, then hexanes (200 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered, washed with water, then dried to provide 13.07 g of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white powder.
Part E
To a mixture of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (10.5 g, 35.2 mmol) and pyridine (5.69 mL, 70.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) at 0° C. was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (5.47 mL, 38.7 mmol) over two minutes. The solution was stirred at 0° C. for about 20 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 2 hours, more pyridine (2.8 mL) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.5 mL) were added. The reaction was quenched by adding 2 M sodium carbonate (200 mL). The mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of about 50 mL. A white solid was present. Heptane (150 mL) was added, and the mixture was concentrated to a volume of about 25 mL, then hexanes were added and the solid was collected by filtration. The white solid was washed with hexanes and dried to provide 8.50 g of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile that contained a small amount of an impurity.
Part F
To a mixture of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (8.50 g, 30.3 mmol) and potassium acetate (4.50 g, 45.5 mmol) in acetic acid (40 mL) and dichloromethane (120 mL) was slowly added bromine (6.79 g, 42.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added until the mixture became colorless, then the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to form a slurry. Water (200 mL) was added to the slurry and a white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to afford 9.15 g of 4-bromo-5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part G
A mixture of hydrazine hydrate (6.40 g, 127 mmol) and 4-bromo-5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (9.15 g, 25.5 mmol) in ethanol (200 mL) was heated at reflux for 80 minutes, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature in a water bath. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration and washed with cold ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting white solid was twice treated with toluene and concentrated under reduced pressure then dried under vacuum to provide 5.74 g of 5-(2-aminoethyl)-4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an off-white solid.
Part H
Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (13.3 g, 60.9 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5-(2-aminoethyl)-4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (11.62 g, 50.7 mmol) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 0° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred for 20 minutes; a solution formed. Water was added to the stirred solution, causing a solid to form. The mixture was cooled and the solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 60-75% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 12.0 g of tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part I
A mixture of tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate (19.1 g, 58.0 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (15.09 g, 87.03 mmol), triphenylphosphine (1.37 g, 5.22 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (390 mg, 1.74 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (87 mL, 174 mmol), 1-propanol (100 mL), and water (20 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Additional 1-propanol (100 mL) and water (20 mL) were added and the mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and chloroform (200 mL) was added. After 10 minutes, the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was isolated and washed with water (200 mL) and brine (200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide an oil that was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, eluting sequentially with chloroform, 10% CMA in chloroform, and finally 40% CMA in chloroform) to yield an oil that was used in the next step.
Part J
Acetyl chloride (7.8 g, 100 mmol) was added to ethanol (100 mL) at 0° C. The resulting solution was added to the oil from Part I. The solution was heated at reflux overnight. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, a precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration, washed with a small amount of cold ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 75° C. for 4 hours to give 7.34 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride as a white solid.
Part K
A solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (7.20 g, 22.9 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (75 mL) was treated with platinum (IV) oxide (7.0 g) and shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 24 hours on a Parr apparatus. The reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform (50 mL) and methanol (25 mL) and filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mL), stirred for 2 hours, treated with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 13, and stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with water (100 mL) and was extracted with chloroform (5×150 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 5.10 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white foam.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.12-3.20 (br abs., 4H), 4.04 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.76 (m, 4H), 2.61-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.67 (m, 4H);
MS (APCI) m/z 246.3 (M+H)+.
Example 51
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A modification of the method described in Part A of Example 11 was followed. A mixture of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-phthalimidohexanoate, sodium salt (prepared as described in Part A of example 23, 67.9 g, 200 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (0.2 L) was cooled to 9° C. before the addition of propylhydrazine oxalate (32.8 g, 200 mmol). During the addition, the reaction temperature did not exceed 17° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir for 4 hours. Water (600 mL) was added to the mixture and additional solid precipitated. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to yield 67.4 g of a yellow solid. The solid was stirred in 1 M aqueous potassium acetate (311 mL), isolated by filtration, washed with water, dried, and recrystallized from ethanol/heptane. The final solid was isolated, washed with 2:1 heptane/ethyl acetate, and dried to yield 45.2 g of ethyl 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A stirred solution of ethyl 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (45.1 g, 127 mmol) in 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (157 mL) and acetic acid (157 mL) was heated at 95° C. (internal temperature) for 10 hours and then cooled to 10° C. Water (300 mL) was added and a white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water and diethyl ether, and dried. The solid was treated with toluene (150 mL) and heated at reflux for 3 hours with a Dean-Stark trap. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath to 10° C. and a solid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 28.85 g of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Part C
Toluene (70 mL) and thionyl chloride (70 mL) were added to 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (28.8 g, 87.8 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour, cooled to ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a yellow solid. The solid was dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL). The solution was cooled to 0° C., then concentrated ammonium hydroxide (125 mL) was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0° C. The dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure. A solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to afford 28.70 g of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part D
To a mixture of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (16.3 g, 50.0 mmol) and pyridine (20.9 mL, 150 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at 0° C. was added a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (9.89 mL, 70.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) over ten minutes. The solution was stirred at 0° C. for about 15 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 45 minutes, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) was added and the dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure. A white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The solid was recrystallized from 1:1 heptane/ethyl acetate to yield 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part E
To a solution of 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (14.1 g, 45.7 mmol) and potassium acetate (6.73 g, 68.6 mmol) in acetic acid (91 mL) and dichloromethane (46 mL) was slowly added bromine (3.28 g, 64.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for one day. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite was added until the mixture became colorless, then the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to form a slurry. Water (450 mL) was added to the slurry and a white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to afford 17.24 g of 4-bromo-5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part F
A mixture of hydrazine hydrate (11.1 g, 222 mmol) and 4-bromo-5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (17.2 g, 44.4 mmol) in ethanol (570 mL) was heated at reflux for 90 minutes, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with cold ethanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to generate an off-white solid that was suspended in dichloromethane (133 mL). Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (11.6 g, 53.3 mmol) was added to the mixture, which was then stirred overnight. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a yellow oil. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 40-60% ethyl acetate in hexanes). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 15.8 g of tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate as a colorless oil.
Part G
A flask containing a mixture of tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate (15.8 g, 44.2 mmol), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (11.5 g, 66.3 mmol), triphenylphosphine (1.04 g, 3.98 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (299 mg, 1.33 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (67 mL, 133 mmol), 1-propanol (77.4 mL), and water (15.5 mL) was heated overnight under a nitrogen atmosphere in a 100° C. oil bath. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and water (300 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with chloroform, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide an oil that was purified twice by flash chromatography (silica gel, first column: eluted sequentially with 0-10% CMA in chloroform, and then 25% CMA in chloroform; second column: gradient elution with 50-60% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield 7.3 g of tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate as a yellow resin.
Part H
Acetyl chloride (7.1 mL, 100 mmol) was added to ethanol (100 mL) at 0° C. The resulting solution was added to the tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate from Part G. The solution was heated at reflux for 9.5 hours. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, a precipitate formed that was isolated after two days by filtration, washed with a small amount of cold ethanol, and dried to yield 5.78 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride as a white solid.
Part I
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (2.50 g, 7.30 mmol) was reduced using the procedure described in Example 47. After the reaction was filtered and concentrated, the residue was triturated with diethyl ether to precipitate a solid that was isolated by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried under vacuum. After chromatographic purification, the product was crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.44 g of the bis-trifluoroacetic acid salt of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, 228-230° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.13 (s, 1H), 9.30-6.50 (br peaks, 5H), 4.42 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.47-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.11-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.86 (m, 2H) 1.86-1.68 (m, 4H);
MS (APCI) m/z 274.3 (M+H)+.
Examples 52-55
A mixture of tert-butyl N-(2-pyridyl)carbamate (prepared as described in Part A of Example 15, 1.9 equivalents) in 1-propanol (15 mL) and 1 M aqueous HCl (15 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and solid sodium carbonate (1.5 equivalents) was added with stirring. A solution of a 4-bromo-1,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.51-2.07 g, 6.63-7.80 mmol, 1 equivalent) shown in the table below in 1-propanol (4-5 mL) was added, followed by triphenylphosphine (0.06 equivalent) and palladium (II) acetate (0.02 equivalent). In Example 55, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.05 equivalent) was used instead of triphenylphosphine and palladium (II) acetate. The flask was fitted with a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet line, then was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen three times. The pale yellow solution was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. for 18-21 hours. The 1-propanol was evaporated under reduced pressure. The remaining liquid was dissolved in chloroform (100 mL), washed with water (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution using 0-30% CMA in chloroform). In Example 55, a gradient elution with 0-25% CMA in chloroform was used. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to yield a pale yellow solid that was recrystallized from boiling acetonitrile. White crystals were isolated, washed with cold acetonitrile, and dried overnight at 60° C. in a vacuum oven to provide the product.
Example 52
Isolated 0.18 g of 1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 286-288° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.46 (dd, J=4.7, 1.9, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J=7.8, 1.9, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=7.8, 4.7, 1H), 7.05 (s, 2H), 4.42 (q, J=7.1, 2H), 3.24 (q, J=7.5, 2H), 1.47 (t, J=7.1, 3H), 1.24 (t, J=7.5, 3H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 154.6, 153.0, 146.9, 139.8, 135.2, 129.8, 117.0, 115.8, 114.2, 44.5, 18.2, 15.9, 13.1;
Anal. calcd for C13H15N5: C, 64.71; H, 6.27; N, 29.02. Found: C, 64.49; H, 6.31; N, 29.19.
Example 53
Isolated 90 mg of 1-ethyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 303-305° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.46 (dd, J=4.7, 1.9, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J=7.8, 1.9, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=7.8, 4.7, 1H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 4.34 (q, J=6.9, 2H), 3.24 (q, J=7.5, 2H), 1.90 (sextet, J=7.1, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.8, 3H), 0.91 (t, J=7.5, 3H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 153.0, 149.5, 146.9, 140.3, 135.2, 129.8, 117.0, 115.7, 114.2, 50.9, 23.6, 18.2, 13.1, 10.9;
Anal. calcd for C14H17N5: C, 65.86; H, 6.71; N, 27.43. Found: C, 65.80; H, 6.67; N, 27.50.
Example 54
Isolated 0.156 g of 2-methyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 323-326° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.49 (dd, J=7.9, 1.9, 1H), 8.44 (dd, J=4.6, 1.6, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=7.8, 4.7, 1H), 7.08 (s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 2H), 0.99 (s, 9H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 154.8, 153.0, 147.0, 137.5, 135.0, 130.5, 117.5, 116.4, 114.4, 38.4, 37.0, 35.3, 29.4;
Anal. calcd for C15H19N5: C, 66.89; H, 7.11; N, 26.00. Found: C, 66.95; H, 6.95; N, 26.08.
Example 55
Isolated 0.24 g of 2-benzyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine as off-white needles, mp 232-235° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.46 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J=7.8, 1.9, 1H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.19-7.13 (m, 5H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 3.12 (d, J=8.5, 2H), 1.95 (septet, J=6.9, 1H), 0.92 (d, J=6.6, 6H);
13C NMR (75 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 154.8, 153.1, 147.1, 138.9, 136.9, 135.6, 130.2, 128.6, 127.6, 126.7, 116.9, 114.1, 53.3, 33.2, 28.6, 21.8;
Anal. calcd for C20H21N5: C, 72.48; H, 6.39; N, 21.13. Found: C, 72.24; H, 6.56; N, 21.18.
Examples 52-55
















 










Example
Starting Material
R1
R2





52
4-Bromo-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-
—CH2CH3
—CH2CH3



carbonitrile (prepared Example 11)


53
4-Bromo-5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-
—CH2CH3
—CH2CH2CH3



carbonitrile (prepared in Example 44)


54
4-Bromo-1-methyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-
—CH2C(CH3)3
—CH3



pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared in Example



37)


55
4-Bromo-1-benzyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-
—CH2CH(CH3)2
—CH2C6H5



pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared in Example 8)









Example 56
2-Butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,6-naphthyridin-4-amine




Part A

A 2.5 M solution of n-butyl lithium in hexane (100 mL, 250 mmol) was added over 20 minutes to a stirred solution of tert-butyl pyridin-4-ylcarbamate (19.4 g, 100 mmol) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (31.4 g, 270 mmol) in THF (500 mL) at −78° C. tert-Butyl pyridin-4-ylcarbamate is available from a literature procedure (Spivey, A. C. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 9430-9443). A white solid appeared and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at −78° C., then was allowed to warm slowly to −4° C. before cooling to −78° C. again. Trimethyl borate (39.5 g, 380 mmol) was added over 15 minutes. The solution was allowed to warm to 0° C., then was poured into saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (500 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 minutes. After standing at ambient temperature overnight, the mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether and brine. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine. A white solid formed in the organic layer and was isolated by filtration. The solid was washed sequentially with diethyl ether, water, and diethyl ether, then was dried to provide 17.1 g of 4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyridin-3-ylboronic acid as a white solid.
Part B
2-Butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,6-naphthyridin-4-amine was synthesized from 4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyridin-3-ylboronic acid (2.48 g, 10.4 mmol) and 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared as described in Parts A-F of Example 4, 1.56 g, 5.49 mmol) according to the reaction conditions described in Examples 52-54. Additional palladium (II) acetate (50 mg) and triphenylphosphine (170 mg) were added after the reaction had been heated for 23 hours. After the addition, the flask was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen twice. The solution was heated at 100° C. for an additional 29 hours. The reaction was worked-up and purified as described in Example 54, but was not recrystallized from acetonitrile, to provide 25 mg of 2-butyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,6-naphthyridin-4-amine as an off-white solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=5.4, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=5.4, 1H), 7.25 (s, 2H), 4.37 (t, J=7.2, 2H), 3.17 (d, J=7.5, 2H), 2.10-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.39-1.32 (m, 2H), 0.99 (d, J=6.6, 6H), 0.92 (t, J=7.6, 3H);
HRMS Measured Mass (M+H)+ 298.2023.
Example 57
2-Propyl-1-[3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 46, 5.00 g, 15.8 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.04 g, 0.316 mmol), di-tert-butyldicarbonate (13.8 g, 63.12 mmol), and triethylamine (5.50 mL, 39.5 mmol) was heated at 90° C. for 20 minutes and a solution formed. The temperature was decreased to 60° C. and the solution was heated for 1 hour. The solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was partitioned between dichloromethane and 1 M aqueous potassium hydroxide. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to a yield an oil that was dried under vacuum. The oil was triturated with an approximately 1:1 diethyl ether/hexanes solution, resulting in the formation of a solid that was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 5.68 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a tan solid.
Part B
Potassium acetate (0.83 g, 8.432 mmol) and sodium iodide (16 g, 1.05 mmol) was added to a solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (2.18 g, 4.22 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 4.5 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was isolated and washed with water (2×25 mL) and brine (3×20 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil that was dried under vacuum to provide 1.76 g of 4-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl}butyl acetate.
Part C
Potassium carbonate (6 mg, 0.041 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl}butyl acetate (0.8823 g, 1.632 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.3 hours. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, eluted with 100% ethyl acetate) to yield 0.1466 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate in about 87% purity.
Part D
To dichloromethane (5 mL) at −78° C. was added dimethylsulfoxide (0.12 mL, 1.6 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.11 mL, 1.2 mmol). After several minutes, a solution di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (0.5449 g, 1.093 mmol) and triethylamine (0.46 mL, 3.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added dropwise to the −78° C. solution. After 15 minutes, the cooling bath was removed and the solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, during which time more dichloromethane (20 mL) was added. The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with aqueous potassium carbonate, water, and brine. The solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was dried under vacuum to yield 0.5845 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-oxobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate that contained a small amount of dimethylsulfoxide, but was used without further purification.
Part E
Diethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate (0.28 g, 1.3 mmol) was prepared by the method of Bestmann, H. J. et al., Synlett, 1996, 6, 521-522 and added to a stirred mixture of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-oxobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (0.543 g, 1.09 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.31 g, 2.2 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) at ambient temperature. After 4 hours, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, eluted with 5% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane) to yield 0.2498 g of a white solid that was used without further purification in the next step.
Part F
N-Chlorosuccinimide (0.15 g, 1.0 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-pyridine aldoxime (0.13 g, 1.0 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 day. The material from Part E (0.2498 g, 0.5071 mmol) and anhydrous triethylamine (0.16 mL, 1.1 mmol) were added and the solution was heated at 60° C. for 20 hours. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to yield a brown oil that was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, sequential elution with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes, 40% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, and finally 100% ethyl acetate) to yield 0.1105 g of material that was used without further purification in the next step.
Part G
A solution of the material from Part F (0.1105 g) in a solution of 1:1 ethanol/concentrated hydrochloric acid was heated at 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was dissolved in water and 1 drop of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH to 14. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane several times. The organic layers were combined, washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. The oil was dried under vacuum, then triturated with hexanes to yield a solid that was isolated by filtration. The solid was dried under vacuum at 70° C. to yield 0.0376 g of 2-propyl-1-[3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 192.0-193.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.99 (dm, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.68 (dm, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (dm, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.28 (m, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.36 (s, 2H), 4.29 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 412 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C24H24N6O.0.2C2H6O: C, 69.50; H, 6.02; N, 19.93. Found: C, 69.15; H, 5.75; N, 20.09.
Example 58
1-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A mixture of 2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 41, 575 mg, 1.81 mmol) and platinum (IV) oxide (290 mg) in trifluoroacetic acid (8 mL) was shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 22.5 hours on a Parr apparatus. The reaction mixture was filtered through a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane to remove the catalyst. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution using 0-30% CMA in chloroform) and the appropriate fractions were concentrated to yield a solid that was slurried in hot acetonitrile. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature with stirring, then 318 mg of 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was isolated as a white powder, mp 177.0-179.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 327 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C20H30N4: C, 73.58; H, 9.26; N, 17.16. Found: C, 73.48; H, 9.01; N, 17.16.
Example 59
1-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A mixture of 1-(2-phenylethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 42, 400 mg, 1.21 mmol) and platinum (IV) oxide (200 mg) in trifluoroacetic acid (8 mL) was shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) on a Parr apparatus for 18 hours and worked up using the method described in Example 58 to afford 217 mg of 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 173-174.5° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 341 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C21H32N4: C, 74.07; H, 9.47; N, 16.45. Found: C, 73.77; H, 9.73; N, 16.49.
Example 60
2-Butyl-1-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Solid sodium hydride (60% dispersion in oil, 2.90 g, 72.3 mmol) was added in portions over 5 minutes to a stirred solution of 1-propanethiol (6.00 g, 78.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (262 mL). After 15 minutes, a thick white suspension had formed. To the suspension was added 1-chloro-3-butanone (7.00 g, 65.7 mmol), which caused the reaction mixture to warm and a cloudy solution to form. After 30 minutes, the cloudy solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a pale brown oil. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, elution with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 9.0 g of 4-(propylthio)butan-2-one as a clear liquid.
Part B
A neat mixture of 4-(propylthio)butan-2-one (9.00 g, 61.5 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (9.00 g, 61.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of sodium tert-butoxide (5.90 g, 61.5 mmol) in ethanol (44 mL) at ambient temperature. Following the addition, the reaction was stirred for two hours. Acetic acid (35 mL) was added, followed by potassium acetate (7.24 g, 73.8 mmol). The mixture was cooled in a cold water bath. Butylhydrazine (11.0 g, 61.5 mmol) was added in portions. After 15 minutes, the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred for 2 hours. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to yield an oil. Saturated aqueous sodium carbonate was added to the oil until a pH of 10 was reached. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The orange oil was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, elution with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 10.6 g of ethyl 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylthio)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an orange oil.
Part C
To a stirred solution of 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylthio)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (10.6 g, 35.5 mmol) in chloroform (355 mL) was added mCPBA (20.4 g, 71.0 mmol) in portions over 15 minutes. After 1 hour, the mixture was partitioned between chloroform and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an oil. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, elution with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford 5.65 g of ethyl 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part D
To a solution of ethyl 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (5.00 g, 15.1 mmol) in ethanol (76 mL) at ambient temperature was added 6 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (5.0 mL, 30 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 hours, then the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was dissolved in water (100 mL). The aqueous solution was washed with dichloromethane (50 mL) and then the pH was adjusted with 1 M hydrochloric acid to pH 4. A precipitate formed and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to provide 4.6 g of 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a white powder.
Part E
To a solution of 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (4.00 g, 13.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (66 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (3.5 mL, 39.7 mmol) and a drop of DMF. The solution bubbled vigorously and was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (66 mL) and the resulting solution was cooled in an ice bath, then concentrated ammonium hydroxide (66 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to afford a slurry that was extracted with chloroform (2×100 mL). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 4.0 g of 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid.
Part F
1-Butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (4.00 g, 13.27 mmol) in toluene (66 mL) was treated with phosphorous oxychloride (2.50 mL, 26.5 mol). The solution was heated at reflux for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was diluted with water (50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 3.8 g of 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a brown oil.
Part G
Bromine (0.8 mL, 14.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of potassium acetate (2.00 g, 20.1 mmol) and 1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.80 g, 13.4 mmol) in acetic acid (27 mL). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature, then was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a solid. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added to the solid until the mixture was pH 9. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 mL). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a brown oil. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, elution with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to yield 2.85 g of 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part H
To a mixture of 4-bromo-1-butyl-5-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.35 g, 6.49 mmol) and powdered molecular sieves (1 g) in toluene (41 mL) was added 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.25 g, 12.97 mmol), potassium phosphate (6.90 g, 32.5 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.148 g, 0.162 mmol) and bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (0.105 g, 0.195 mmol). Nitrogen gas was bubbled through the mixture for 5 minutes. The mixture was heated at 110° C. for 20 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was filtered through a plug of CELITE filter agent, which was rinsed until clear with a solution of dichloromethane and methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a residue that was used in the next step.
Part I
The material from Part H was dissolved in ethanol (24 mL) and a solution of hydrogen chloride in ethanol (2.7 M, 7.0 mL, 19 mmol) was added. The solution was heated at reflux for 2.5 hours. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was dissolved in water and the pH was adjusted with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate to pH 10. The solution was extracted with dichloromethane (3×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, elution with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to yield an off-white foam (1.50 g) that was crystallized from ethanol (20 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for 10 hours to yield 2-butyl-1-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as tan crystalline plates, mp 169-171° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (bs, 2H), 4.42 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.18 (m, 2H) 1.90 (pentet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.37 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H);
MS (ESI) m/z 375 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C19H26N4O2S: C, 60.94; H, 7.00: N, 14.96. Found: C, 60.85; H, 6.92; N, 14.90.
Example 61
2-Butyl-1-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A solution of 2-butyl-1-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 60, 0.50 g, 1.3 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (6 mL) was treated with platinum (IV) oxide (0.5 g) and shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 20 hours on a Parr apparatus. The reaction mixture was filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent, and the CELITE filter agent was rinsed with dichloromethane (100 mL) until the rinses were clear. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil was suspended in water (20 mL) and treated with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide to adjust the mixture to pH 14, causing a precipitate to form. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour, then the precipitate was isolated by filtration and washed with water. The white powder was recrystallized from acetonitrile (5 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. to afford 0.40 g of 2-butyl-1-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white crystals, mp 173-175° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.02 (bs, 2H), 4.28 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 4H), 3.19-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.85 (bs, 2H) 2.56 (bs, 2H), 1.85 (pentet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.33 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H);
MS (ESI) m/z 379 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C19H30N4O2S: C, 60.29; H, 7.99: N, 14.80. Found: C, 59.98; H, 8.34; N, 15.11.
Example 62
1-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

A solution of mesityl oxide (30.0 mL, 262 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (35.6 mL, 262 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of sodium tert-butoxide (54.1 g, 563 mmol) in ethanol (187 mL) at ambient temperature according to the procedure described in Part B of Example 60. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour, then was treated with acetic acid (131 mL), potassium acetate (38.6 g, 393 mmol), and ethylhydrazine oxalate (43.2 g, 288.2 mmol) according to the procedure described in Part B of Example 60. The mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water and chloroform. 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added until pH 11 was reached. The mixture was extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a black oil that was used without purification in the next step.
Part B
A mixture of the material from Part A, concentrated ammonium hydroxide (500 mL) and methanol (200 mL) were stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. A white solid was isolated from the mixture by filtration. More solid was isolated from the filtrate to yield a total for 13.9 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part C
A mixture of 1-ethyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (5.0 g, 25.9 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (18.5 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 20 minutes. The reaction vessel was cooled in an ice bath and reaction mixture was poured over ice (100 mL). The quenched reaction mixture was made basic with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate and was extracted with chloroform. The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-ethyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, all of which was used in the next step.
Part D
A solution of the material from Part C and mCPBA (11.7 g, 34.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (115 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water and the pH was made basic with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The solution was extracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 5-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, all of which was used in the next step.
Part E
Bromine (1.7 mL, 33.0 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part D in chloroform at 0° C. The red solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, then saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite was added and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with chloroform (100 mL) and the pH was adjusted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate to pH 11. The cloudy mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and was extracted with chloroform (3×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 4.4 g of a cloudy oil that was used without purification in the next step.
Part F
To a mixture of the material from Part E in toluene (62 mL) at ambient temperature was added azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 512 mg, 3.12 mmol) and tributyltin hydride (4.0 mL, 15.0 mmol). Bubbles were observed for a short period of time. The pale yellow solution was heated at 90° C. for 1 hour. The solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and subjected to chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1.1 g of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil.
Part G
To a mixture of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol) and powdered molecular sieves (1 g) in toluene (23 mL) was added 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.28 g, 7.4 mmol), potassium phosphate (3.92 g, 18.5 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (96 mg, 0.093 mmol) and bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (60 mg, 0.111 mmol). Nitrogen gas was bubbled through the mixture for 5 minutes. The mixture was heated at 110° C. for 1 day. After cooling to ambient temperature, the mixture was filtered through a plug of silica gel, which was rinsed with a solution of 3:2 chloroform/methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a residue that was used in the next step.
Part H
The material from Part G was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL) and a solution of hydrogen chloride in ethanol (4 M, 2.8 mL, 11 mmol) was added. The solution was heated at reflux for 2 hours. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the resulting oil was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate until the pH was basic, then brine was added and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) then was recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.2 g of 1-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as light tan crystals, mp 223-225° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 285 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H20N4O: C, 67.58; H, 7.09; N, 19.70. Found: C, 67.38; H, 7.39; N, 19.94.
Example 63
2-Ethyl-1-[4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 19, 1.0 g, 3.3 mmol), 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (0.752 mL, 4.95 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.8 g, 13.2 mmol), and sodium iodide (123 mg, 0.825 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1 hour, then at 90° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and white solid formed. Water (100 mL) was added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred for 30 min and the solid was isolated by filtration and dried to yield 1.4 g of 2-ethyl-1-[4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine monohydrate as a white solid, mp 183-184° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 430 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C25H31N7.H2O: C, 67.09; H, 7.43; N, 21.91. Found: C, 66.86; H, 7.66; N, 22.11.
Example 64
1-(2-Amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A neat mixture of tert-butyl 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutylcarbamate (prepared as described in B. Peschke et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 34, 363-380, 14.0 g, 65.0 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (9.50 g, 65.0 mmol) was added in one portion, followed by an ethanol rinse (20 mL), to a stirred solution of sodium tert-butoxide (6.25 g, 65.0 mmol) in ethanol (46 mL). A precipitate formed immediately. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours, then acetic acid (66.4 mL) was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 10° C. and propylhydrazine oxalate (10.7 g, 65.0 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction was stirred for 45 minutes and the internal temperature reached 19° C. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and water was added. The mixture was stirred while 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added until carbon dioxide evolution ceased. The mixture was extracted three times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield 17.9 g of a yellow solid that was recrystallized from hexanes (130 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with cold hexanes, and dried to yield 11.68 g of ethyl 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a white solid, mp 109-111° C. MS (APCI) m/z 354 (M+H)+; Anal. cacld for C18H31N3O4: C, 61.17; H, 8.84; N, 11.89. Found: C, 61.18; H, 9.17; N, 11.97.
Part B
Methanol (39.9 mL), lithium hydroxide (5.06 g, 121 mmol), and water (13.3 mL) were added to ethyl 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (10.65 g, 30.1 mmol) in a 500 mL round bottom flask. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 5.5 hours. Acetic acid (8.0 mL) and water (200 mL) were added. A white solid formed and more acetic acid (61 mL) was added. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. A second crop of solid was isolated from the filtrate. The crops were combined to yield 8.77 g of 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a white solid, mp 151-152° C. MS (APCI) m/z 326 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C16H27N3O4: C, 59.06; H, 8.36; N, 12.91. Found: C, 58.93; H, 8.59; N, 12.94.
Part C
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (5.68 g, 29.6 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (8.77 g, 27.0 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (4.00 g, 29.6 mmol) in DMF (44 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 5.5 hours until a solution formed, then was cooled in an ice bath. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (5.5 mL) was added and the cloudy solution was stirred for 10 minutes, then was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir overnight. Water (150 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with chloroform (4×75 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was concentrated twice from xylene under reduced pressure to afford an oil that was purified on chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, elution with ethyl acetate) to yield 8.21 g of tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part D
A solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (3.93 mL, 27.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (51 mL) was added slowly to a 0° C. solution of tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (8.21 g, 25.3 mmol) and triethylamine (10.6 mL, 75.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (51 mL). After the addition was complete, the cooling bath was removed and the solution was stirred for 90 minutes. The solution was transferred to a separatory funnel and washed with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an off white solid that was recrystallized from 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes, isolated by filtration, and dried to yield 6.77 g of tert-butyl 2-(3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as a white crystals, mp 115-116° C. MS (ESI) m/z 307 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C16H26N4O2: C, 62.72; H, 8.55; N, 18.28. Found: C, 62.61; H, 8.46; N, 18.52.
Part E
tert-Butyl 2-(3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (5.15 g, 16.8 mmol) was brominated using a modified version of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. In the reaction, 1.4 equivalents of bromine were used instead of 1.1 equivalents, chloroform was used instead of dichloromethane in the work-up, and no chromatographic purification was performed. The product, tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (6.97 g), was isolated as a clear, colorless oil that may have contained some chloroform.
Part F
The material from Part E (approximately 16.8 mmol) was dissolved in 1-propanol and concentrated under reduced pressure twice, then was diluted with approximately 29 mL of 1-propanol. To the resulting solution was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (25.2 mL, 50.4 mmol), then water (5.88 mL), triphenylphosphine (397 mg, 1.51 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (113 mg, 0.504 mmol), and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (4.37 g, 25.2 mmol). The flask was equipped with a reflux condenser with a nitrogen inlet and was placed under vacuum and back-filled with nitrogen four times. The reaction was heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 100° C. for 8 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (388 mg), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (25.2 mL), and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (4.37 g) were added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 11 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, then was extracted with chloroform four times. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield a brown oil. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 40-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes followed by 20% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to yield an oil that was purified again by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 35-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford 2.65 g of a light brown oil.
Part G
A solution of the material from Part F in 1 M HCl in ethanol (50 mL) was heated at reflux for 3 hours, then was allowed to stand at ambient temperature overnight before being concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a solid suspended in ethanol (approximately 5 mL). The suspension was cooled in an ice bath and diethyl ether (75 mL) was added. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and dried to yield 2.3 g of a white solid. The solid was dissolved in water and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added. The mixture was extracted with chloroform five times. The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a white solid that was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 20-30% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to a volume of a few mL. A solid was precipitated with hexanes and was isolated by filtration and dried. The white powder was recrystallized form acetonitrile to yield 1.17 g of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white granular crystals, mp 193-195° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 298 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C17H23N5: C, 68.66; H, 7.80; N, 23.55. Found: C, 68.59; H, 7.50; N, 23.30.
Example 65
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acetamide




Acetyl chloride (221 μL, 3.14 mmol) was added to a 0° C. stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 840 mg, 2.82 mmol) and triethylamine (591 μL, 4.24 mmol) in dichloromethane (25.2 mL). The solution was stirred for 20.5 h at ambient temperature, then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a foam that was dissolved in methanol. To the solution was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 90 minutes, then heated at reflux for 40 minutes. After cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added until the pH was basic. The solution was extracted with chloroform. The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichlormethane (10 mL), then triethylamine (786 mL) and acetyl chloride (300 mL) were added. The reaction was worked up as before, then methanol (20 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL) were added. The solution was heated at reflux for 30 minutes, left to stand at ambient temperature overnight, then heated at reflux again for 30 minutes. After cooling to ambient temperature, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added until the pH was adjusted to pH 10-11. The solution was extracted with chloroform three times. The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified twice by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 20-30% CMA in chloroform for the first column; gradient elution with 4-10% methanol in chloroform for the second column). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a colorless foam that was crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes. A white solid was isolated and dried under vacuum at elevated temperature to yield 698 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acetamide as a white solid, mp 182-183° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 340 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C19H25N5O.0.25H2O: C, 66.35; H, 7.47; N, 20.36. Found: C, 66.29; H, 7.68; N, 20.09.
Example 66
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]methanesulfonamide




Methanesulfonyl chloride (232 μL, 3.00 mmol) was added to a 0° C. stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 892 mg, 3.00 mmol) and triethylamine (627 μL, 4.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (26.7 mL). After 3 hours at 0° C., the solution was stirred for 2 days at ambient temperature. To the solution was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with chloroform four times. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a white solid. The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel, elution with 10% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white foam that was crystallized from acetonitrile, isolated by filtration, and dried to yield 600 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]methanesulfonamide as a white solid, mp 130-139° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 376 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C18H25N5O2S.0.25H2O: C, 56.89; H, 6.76; N, 18.43. Found: C, 56.85; H, 7.09; N, 18.40.
Example 67
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide




Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride (401 μL, 3.00 mmol) was added to a 0° C. stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 892 mg, 3.00 mmol) and triethylamine (627 μL, 4.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (26.7 mL). After 3 hours at 0° C., the solution was stirred for 2 days at ambient temperature. More triethylamine (697 μL) and cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride (602 μL) was added. After 30 minutes, 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added to the solution. The mixture was extracted with chloroform four times. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Methanol (20 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL) were added. The solution was heated at reflux for 4 hours, then left to stand at ambient temperature overnight, then heated at reflux again for brief periods of time during the next 2 days. In all, the solution was heated at reflux for a total of 7 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added to adjust the mixture to pH 10-11. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the methanol. Water was added and a solid was isolated from the mixture by filtration. The solid was washed with water. Chloroform was added to the solid, and the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by IFC. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to a white solid that was recrystallized from 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. The crystals were isolated by filtration and dried to yield 896 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide as a white solid, mp 190-191° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 408 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C24H33N5O: C, 70.73; H, 8.16; N, 17.18. Found: C, 70.58; H, 8.30; N, 16.91.
Example 68
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]nicotinamide




Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (1.62 g, 9.08 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 1.08 g, 3.63 mmol) and triethylamine (2.8 mL, 20 mmol) in dichloromethane (32.4 mL). After 2 h, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (20 mL). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (4 mL) was added and the solution was heated at reflux for 30 minutes, then was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. To the solution was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate until the pH was basic, then water was added. The mixture was extracted with chloroform four times. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield a brown oil that was purified by IFC (silica gel, elution with CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to produce a yellow foam that was crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to yield 418 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]nicotinamide as a pale yellow solid, mp 203-205° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 403 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C23H26N6O.1.5H2O: C, 64.31; H, 6.80; N, 19.57. Found: C, 64.06; H, 6.56; N, 19.64.
Example 69
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2-methylpropanamide




2-Methylpropanoyl chloride (786 μL, 7.50 mmol) was added to a 0° C. stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 892 mg, 3.00 mmol) and triethylamine (1.32 mL, 9.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (26.7 mL). After 10 minutes at 0° C., the solution was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The solution was concentrated to afford a white solid that was dissolved in methanol (20 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (4 mL). The solution was heated at reflux for 3.5 hours, then was left to stand at ambient temperature overnight. To the solution was added 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate until the pH was basic. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the methanol. The mixture was extracted with chloroform four times. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield an off-white solid that was purified by IFC (silica gel, eluted with CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a white foam that was crystallized from 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes, and dried to yield 815 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2-methylpropanamide as a white solid, mp 177-178.5° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 368 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H29N5O: C, 68.64; H, 7.95; N, 19.06. Found: C, 68.49; H, 8.23; N, 18.97.
Example 70
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-N′-isopropylurea




Isopropyl isocyanate (255 mg, 3.00 mmol) was added to a 0° C. stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 892 mg, 3.00 mmol) in dichloromethane (26.7 mL). After 4 hours at 0° C., the solution was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The solution was concentrated to afford a colorless resin that was purified by IFC (silica gel, elution with CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to yield a solid that was recrystallized from ethyl acetate in hexanes. The solid was isolated by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate/hexanes, and dried to yield 130 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-N′-isopropylurea as a white solid, mp 190-191° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 383 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H30N6O.0.25H2O: C, 65.17; H, 7.94; N, 21.72. Found: C, 65.15; H, 8.03; N, 21.76.
Examples 71-85
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 9, 23 mg, 0.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 40 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). A stirbar was added to each test tube. The test tubes were capped and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation.
The compounds were purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep HPLC) using a Waters FractionLynx automated purification system. The prep HPLC fractions were analyzed using a Waters LC/TOF-MS, and the appropriate fractions were centrifuge evaporated to provide the trifluoroacetate salt of the desired compound. Reversed phase preparative liquid chromatography was performed with non-linear gradient elution from 5-95% B where A is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/water and B is 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile. Fractions were collected by mass-selective triggering. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 71-85
















 










Ex-


Measured


am-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)





71
none
—H
241.1455


 


72
Benzyl bromide




331.1935


 


73
1-Bromopropane




283.1894


 


74
1-Bromopentane




311.2221


 


75
5-Bromovaleronitrile




322.2037


 


76
2-Iodobutane




297.2060


 


77
4-Methylbenzyl bromide




345.2080


 


78
4-Cyanobenzyl bromide




356.1867


 


79
1-Iodo-3-methylbutane




311.2220


 


80
3-Methoxybenzyl bromide




361.2035


 


81
beta-Bromophenetole




361.2040


 


82
4-Chlorobenzyl bromide




365.1545


 


83
Methyl 4- (bromomethyl)benzoate




389.1986


 


84
4- (Trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide




399.1820


 


85
3,4-Dichlorobenzyl bromide




399.1148









Examples 86-197
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (prepared as described in Parts A-J of Example 50, 31 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.069 mL, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The test tubes were capped, shaken for four hours at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 86-197
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)













86
none




242.1400


 


87
Acetyl chloride




284.1511


 


88
Methyl chloroformate




300.1460


 


89
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




310.1672


 


90
Butryl chloride




312.1812


 


91
Ethyl chloroformate




314.1607


 


92
Methoxyacetyl chloride




314.1599


 


93
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




324.1807


 


94
Pivaloyl chloride




326.1982


 


95
2-Furoyl chloride




336.1455


 


96
3-Furoyl chloride




336.1483


 


97
Benzoyl chloride




346.1654


 


98
Cyclopentylacetyl chloride




352.2130


 


99
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




352.2140


 


100
m-Toluoyl chloride




360.1840


 


101
p-Toluoyl chloride




360.1839


 


102
Phenylacetyl chloride




360.1836


 


103
o-Toluoyl chloride




360.1823


 


104
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




371.1636


 


105
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




371.1608


 


106
Cinnamoyl chloride




372.1824


 


107
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




374.1956


 


108
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




376.1795


 


109
p-Anisoyl chloride




376.1804


 


110
2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




380.1255


 


111
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




380.1294


 


112
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




380.1310


 


113
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




347.1617


 


114
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




347.1597


 


115
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




347.1585


 


116
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




386.1975


 


117
4-Dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride




389.2125


 


118
3-Dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride




389.2104


 


119
(Phenylthio)acetyl chloride




392.1530


 


120
2-Naphthoyl chloride




396.1837


 


121
2,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl chloride




406.1906


 


122
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride




414.1536


 


123
3,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




414.0906


 


124
2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




414.0908


 


125
2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




414.0900


 


126
3,5-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




414.0910


 


127
4-Biphenylcarbonyl chloride




422.2006


 


128
Methanesulfonyl chloride




320.1184


 


129
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




334.1332


 


130
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




348.1492


 


131
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




348.1521


 


132
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




349.1465


 


133
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




362.1653


 


134
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




374.0089


 


135
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




382.1341


 


136
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




388.1060


 


137
2-Thiophenesulfonyl chloride




388.0883


 


138
3-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




396.1499


 


139
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




396.1493


 


140
o-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




396.1525


 


141
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




396.1475


 


142
2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




400.1256


 


143
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




400.1277


 


144
4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




400.1235


 


145
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




407.1299


 


146
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




407.1327


 


147
beta-Styrenesulfonyl chloride




408.1498


 


148
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




412.1471


 


149
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




412.1478


 


150
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




416.0967


 


151
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




416.0960


 


152
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




416.0978


 


153
1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




432.1494


 


154
2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




432.1490


 


155
2,5-Dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




442.1533


 


156
3,4-Dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




442.1549


 


157
3- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




450.1183


 


158
2- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




450.1194


 


159
4- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




450.1187


 


160
2,3-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




450.0583


 


161
2,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




450.0587


 


162
2,5-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




450.0571


 


163
2,6-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




450.0598


 


164
3,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




450.0583


 


165
10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride




456.2094


 


166
4- (Trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonyl chloride




466.1161


 


167
Methyl isocyanate




299.1630


 


168
Ethyl isocyanate




313.1789


 


169
Isopropyl isocyanate




327.1940


 


170
Pentyl isocyanate




355.2246


 


171
Phenyl isocyanate




361.1775


 


172
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




367.2263


 


173
Benzyl isocyanate




375.1959


 


174
m-Tolyl isocyanate




375.1939


 


175
o-Tolyl isocyanate




375.1937


 


176
p-Tolyl isocyanate




375.1939


 


177
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




378.1530


 


178
4-Cyanophenyl isocyanate




386.1752


 


179
Benzoyl isocyanate




389.1724


 


180
(R)-(+)-alpha-Methylbenzyl isocyanate




389.2057


 


181
2-Phenyl ethylisocyanate




389.2061


 


182
2-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




391.1881


 


183
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




391.1856


 


184
4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




391.1888


 


185
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




395.1394


 


186
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




395.1395


 


187
4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




395.1357


 


188
3,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate




397.1572


 


189
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




401.2105


 


190
3-Acetylphenyl isocyanate




403.1882


 


191
1-Naphthyl isocyanate




411.1963


 


192
2-Morpholinoethyl isothiocyanate




414.2108


 


193
3-Carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate




419.1846


 


194
4-(Dimethylamino)isothiocyanate




420.1989


 


195
3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl isocyanate




421.1974


 


196
3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl isocyanate




421.1998


 


197
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




368.2194









Examples 198-270
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 50, 25 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.035 mL, 0.20 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped, shaken for four hours at ambient temperature, and then were shaken overnight. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 198-270
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





198
none




246.1712


 


199
Acetyl chloride




288.1845


 


200
Propionyl chloride




302.1989


 


201
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




314.1982


 


202
Butyryl chloride




316.2153


 


203
Methoxyacetyl chloride




318.1920


 


204
Methyl chlorothiolformate




320.1528


 


205
Cyclopentylacetyl chloride




356.2448


 


206
m-Toluoyl chloride




364.2139


 


207
p-Toluoyl chloride




364.2139


 


208
Phenylacetyl chloride




364.2135


 


209
3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




368.1854


 


210
4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




368.1859


 


211
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




375.1942


 


212
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




378.2286


 


213
2-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




380.2076


 


214
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




380.2078


 


215
p-Anisoyl chloride




380.2050


 


216
2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




384.1574


 


217
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




351.1942


 


218
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




351.1934


 


219
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




351.1912


 


220
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




390.2289


 


221
3,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl chloride




410.2179


 


222
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride




418.1834


 


223
2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




418.1243


 


224
Methanesulfonyl chloride




324.1476


 


225
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




338.1645


 


226
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




352.1780


 


227
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




353.1751


 


228
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




366.1972


 


229
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




378.1198


 


230
1-Methylimidazole-4-sulphonyl chloride




390.1730


 


231
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




392.1344


 


232
3-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




400.1787


 


233
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




400.1801


 


234
2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




404.1536


 


235
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




404.1560


 


236
4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




404.1543


 


237
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




411.1613


 


238
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




411.1631


 


239
beta-Styrenesulfonyl chloride




412.1797


 


240
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




416.1752


 


241
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




416.1774


 


242
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




420.1244


 


243
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




420.1227


 


244
2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




436.1782


 


245
N-Acetylsulfanilyl chloride




443.1829


 


246
3,4-Dimethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




446.1832


 


247
3- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




454.1510


 


248
3,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




454.0905


 


249
3,5-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




454.0891


 


250
Methyl isocyanate




303.1942


 


251
Ethyl isocyanate




317.2078


 


252
Isopropyl isocyanate




331.2234


 


253
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




345.1847


 


254
Cyclopropylmethyl isothiocyanate




359.2050


 


255
Phenyl isocyanate




365.2102


 


256
Benzyl isocyanate




379.2238


 


257
m-Tolyl isocyanate




379.2245


 


258
p-Tolyl isocyanate




379.2234


 


259
Phenyl isothiocyanate




381.1844


 


260
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




382.1807


 


261
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




395.2202


 


262
4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




395.2234


 


263
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




399.1696


 


264
1-Naphthyl isocyanate




415.2243


 


265
2-Morpholinoethyl isothiocyanate




418.2388


 


266
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




317.2071


 


267
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride




357.2418


 


268
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride




359.2209


 


269
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




372.2527


 


270
N-Methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chloride




379.2267









Examples 271-306
A reagent (0.14 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 9, 32 mg, 0.13 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). A stirbar was added to each test tube. The test tubes were capped and stirred overnight (approximately 18 hours) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 271-306
















 













Measured


Example
Reagent
R
Mass (M + H)





271
2-Bromoethyl methyl ether




299.1857


 


272
Iodomethane
—CH3
255.1599


 


273
Cyclobutylmethyl bromide




309.2067


 


274
2-Bromopropanamide




312.1841


 


275
Methyl bromoacetate




313.1661


 


276
Iodoethane




269.1758


 


277
2-Iodoethanol




285.1724


 


278
2-Bromo-4-hydroxvaleric acid gamma-lactone




339.1794


 


279
1-Iodobutane




297.2073


 


280
(1-Bromoethyl)benzene




345.2084


 


281
alpha-Bromo-m-xylene




345.2065


 


282
alpha-Bromo-o-xylene




345.2049


 


283
Iodoacetic acid




299.1503


 


284
2-Cyclohexylethyl bromide




351.2532


 


285
alpha-Bromo-m-tolunitrile




356.1871


 


286
2-Chlorobenzyl bromide




365.1530


 


287
3-Chlorobenzyl bromide




365.1534


 


288
2,3-Difluorobenzyl bromide




367.1741


 


289
2,4-Difluorobenzyl bromide




367.1734


 


290
2,6-Difluorobenzyl bromide




367.1718


 


291
3,4-Difluorobenzyl bromide




367.1704


 


292
4-Nitrobenzyl bromide




376.1784


 


293
2-(Bromomethyl)naphthalene




381.2071


 


294
1-Iodo-3,3,3-trifluoropropane




337.1628


 


295
4-(tert-Butyl)benzyl bromide




387.2564


 


296
Methyl 3- (bromomethyl)benzoate




389.1986


 


297
2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide




399.1796


 


298
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide




399.1790


 


299
2,6-Dichlorobenzyl bromide




399.1157


 


300
4-Bromomethylbiphenyl




407.2252


 


301
Bromodiphenylmethane




407.2248


 


302
3-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzyl bromide




415.1747


 


303
4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzyl bromide




415.1759


 


304
1-Adamantyl bromomethyl ketone




417.2643


 


305
4- (Bromomethyl)benzophenone




435.2195


 


306
2-(Bromoacetyl)pyridine hydrobromide




332.1870









Examples 307-348
A solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (prepared as described in Example 23, 33 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL) was treated with a reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below using the procedure described in Examples 23-33. The test tubes were capped and shaken overnight at ambient temperature, then were worked up and purified as described in Examples 23-33. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 307-348
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





307
Acetyl chloride




298.1668


 


308
Propionyl chloride




312.1841


 


309
Methyl chloroformate




314.1601


 


310
Butryl chloride




326.1995


 


311
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




338.1966


 


312
Cyclopentylacetyl chloride




366.2291


 


313
m-Toluoyl chloride




374.2002


 


314
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




385.1764


 


315
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




388.2147


 


316
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




390.1935


 


317
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




394.1436


 


318
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




394.1441


 


319
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




361.1778


 


320
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




361.1762


 


321
3-Dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride




403.2254


 


322
Methanesulfonyl chloride




334.1329


 


323
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




348.1497


 


324
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




362.1642


 


325
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




376.1806


 


326
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




388.1048


 


327
1-Methylimidazole-4- sulfonyl chloride




400.1549


 


328
3-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




410.1651


 


329
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




410.1644


 


330
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




421.1447


 


331
3- Methoxylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




426.1591


 


332
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




430.1097


 


333
Methyl isocyanate




313.1771


 


334
Ethyl isocyanate




327.1921


 


335
Methyl isothiocyanate




329.1542


 


336
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




355.1706


 


337
Pentyl isocyanate




369.2397


 


338
Cyclopropylmethyl isothiocyanate




369.1848


 


339
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




381.2404


 


340
Benzyl isocyanate




389.2104


 


341
m-Tolyl isocyanate




389.2086


 


342
Phenyl isothiocyanate




391.1704


 


343
Cyclohexyl isothiocyanate




397.2166


 


345
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




405.2052


 


346
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




415.2250


 


347
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride




369.2028


 


348
N-Methyl-N- phenylcarbamoyl chloride




389.2051









Examples 349-453
Part A
2-[4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]isoindole-1,3-dione (prepared as described in Example 22, 7. 10 g, 17.2 mmol), hydrazine hydrate (4.20 mL, 85.9 mmol), and ethanol (213 mL) were combined and heated at reflux for 30 minutes. The solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, then was cooled to 0° C. A white solid precipitated from the solution and was isolated by filtration and washed with ethanol. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica, gradient elution with 10%-75% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 4.25 g of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part B
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (28 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.026 mL, 0.15 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and the test tubes were shaken overnight at room temperature and then two drops of water were added to each test tube. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 349-453
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





349
none




284.1877


 


350
Acetyl chloride




326.1978


 


351
Propionyl chloride




340.2140


 


352
Methyl chloroformate




342.1937


 


353
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




352.2149


 


354
Butyryl chloride




354.2276


 


355
Methoxyacetyl chloride




356.2112


 


356
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




366.2305


 


357
Pivaloyl chloride




368.2444


 


358
3-Furoyl chloride




378.1927


 


359
Hexanoyl chloride




382.2627


 


360
Benzoyl chloride




388.2150


 


361
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




394.2607


 


362
m-Toluoyl chloride




402.2298


 


363
p-Toluoyl chloride




402.2291


 


364
Phenylacetyl chloride




402.2286


 


365
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




413.2110


 


366
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




413.2065


 


367
Cinnamoyl chloride




414.2303


 


368
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




416.2462


 


369
2-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




418.2260


 


370
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




418.2227


 


371
Benzyl chloroformate




418.2251


 


372
p-Anisoyl chloride




418.2253


 


373
2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




422.1730


 


374
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




422.1746


 


375
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




422.1752


 


376
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




389.2069


 


377
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




389.2081


 


378
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




389.2097


 


379
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




428.2440


 


380
3-Dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride




431.2560


 


381
2-Naphthoyl chloride




438.2295


 


382
3,4-Dimethoxybenzoyl chloride




448.2343


 


383
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride




456.2019


 


384
4-Biphenylcarbonyl chloride




464.2492


 


385
3-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride




472.1953


 


386
Methanesulfonyl chloride




362.1651


 


387
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




376.1832


 


388
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




390.1955


 


389
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




390.1954


 


390
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




391.1898


 


391
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




404.2154


 


392
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




416.1362


 


393
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




424.1826


 


394
1-Methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride




428.1883


 


395
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




430.1515


 


396
3-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




438.1981


 


397
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




438.1944


 


398
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




438.2003


 


399
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




442.1712


 


400
4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




442.1740


 


401
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




449.1736


 


402
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




449.1800


 


403
beta-Styrenesulfonyl chloride




450.1969


 


404
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




454.1942


 


405
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




454.1910


 


406
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




458.1417


 


407
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




458.1423


 


408
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




458.1418


 


409
2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




474.1969


 


410
3,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




492.1036


 


411
10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride




498.2510


 


412
3-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulphonyl chloride




508.1635


 


413
Methyl isocyanate




341.2076


 


414
Ethyl isocyanate




355.2278


 


415
Methyl isothiocyanate




357.1883


 


416
Isopropyl isocyanate




369.2388


 


417
Ethyl isothiocyanate




371.2035


 


418
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




383.2018


 


419
Isopropyl isothiocyanate




385.2171


 


420
Pentyl isocyanate




397.2738


 


421
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




397.2174


 


422
Isobutyl isothiocyanate




399.2336


 


423
Phenyl isocyanate




403.2256


 


424
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




409.2725


 


425
Benzyl isocyanate




417.2388


 


426
m-Tolyl isocyanate




417.2409


 


427
o-Tolyl isocyanate




417.2403


 


428
p-Tolyl isocyanate




417.2428


 


429
Phenyl isothiocyanate




419.2035


 


430
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




420.1951


 


431
Benzoyl isocyanate




431.2180


 


432
2-Phenylethyl isocyanate




431.2529


 


433
2-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




433.2350


 


434
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




433.2338


 


435
4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




433.2359


 


436
2-(Thien-2-yl)ethyl isocyanate




437.2132


 


437
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




437.1870


 


438
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




437.1870


 


439
4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




437.1896


 


440
3,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate




439.2064


 


441
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




443.2563


 


442
3-Cyanophenyl isothiocyanate




444.1997


 


443
3-Acetylphenyl isocyanate




445.2336


 


444
2-Morpholinoethyl isothiocyanate




456.2535


 


445
3-Carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate




461.2263


 


446
4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl isocyanate




462.2433


 


447
N.N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




355.2226


 


448
Dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride




371.2020


 


449
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride




395.2556


 


450
2-Oxo-1-imidazolidinecarbonyl chloride




396.2154


 


451
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




410.2647


 


452
N-Methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chloride




417.2386


 


453
N-Methyl-N-phenylthiocarbamoyl chloride




433.2192









Example 454-488
Part A
Ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate was prepared from 6-chloro-2-hexanone (50.0 g, 357 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (48.4 mL, 357 mmol) according to the procedure described in Part A of Example 19 using methyl hydrazine (19.0 mL, 357 mmol) in place of ethylhydrazine oxalate. Ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate was isolated as a dark oil that was used without purification in the next step.
Part B
The material from Part A was converted into ethyl 5-[4-(acetyloxy)butyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate according to the procedure used in Part B of Example 19. The crude product was used without purification in the next step.
Part C
A solution of the material from Part B in methanol (175 mL) was treated with ammonium hydroxide (250 mL) according to a modification of the method described in Part D of Examples 1-4. The reaction was heated overnight at 125° C. and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The methanol and water were removed under reduced pressure. Acetonitrile was added and the mixture was filtered through a plug of silica gel (eluted with 20% methanol in chloroform). The filtrate was concentrated to yield 5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide that was used in the next step without further purification.
Part D
A modification of the method described in Part E of Examples 1-4 was used to treat 5-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (42.9 g, 218 mmol) with phosphorous oxychloride (130 mL). The reaction was heated for two hours at 90° C. before cooling to 0° C. and pouring into ice water. The mixture was adjusted to pH 12 with the addition of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were passed through a layer of silica gel (eluting first with chloroform and then with ethyl acetate to provide 23.0 g of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark oil that was used in the next step without further purification.
Part E
A modification of the method described in Part E of Example 19 was used to convert the material from Part D (23.0 g) into 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile. The reaction was allowed to stir for one day before an aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite was added to quench the excess bromine. The reaction was worked up as described for Part E of Example 19, except that after the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, they were passed through a plug of silica gel (eluted with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes). The filtrate was concentrated and the crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 10-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to yield 7.3 g of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a clear oil.
Part F
2-Aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (9.20 g, 53.0 mmol), potassium phosphate (28.0 g, 133 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (685 mg, 0.662 mmol), and bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (428 mg, 0.795 mmol) were added to a mixture of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (7.30 g, 26.5 mmol) and powdered molecular sieves (1 g) in toluene (165 mL). Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture, and then the reaction was heated at 110° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered through a layer of silica gel (eluting with 3:2 chloroform/methanol). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dissolved in ethanol (130 mL). Hydrogen chloride (20 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to the solution and the reaction was heated at reflux for two hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The reaction was worked up as described in Part F of Example 19. After purification by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system, the solid was stirred in acetonitrile and filtered to provide 1.0 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine that was used in the next step. The filtrate was concentrated to provide an additional 4.0 g of product.
Part G
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (29 mg, 0.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 100° C. for approximately 22 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 454-488
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





454
none




289.1205


 


455
Piperidine




338.2332


 


456
(R)-3-Hydroxypiperidine




340.2130


 


457
Morpholine




340.2120


 


458
Thiazolidine




342.1721


 


459
1-Methylpiperazine




353.2425


 


460
4-Hydroxypiperidine




354.2310


 


461
3-Hydroxypiperidine




354.2268


 


462
Thiomorpholine




356.1884


 


463
N-Methylfurfurylamine




364.2134


 


464
N,N′-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine




367.2619


 


465
2,6-Dimethylmorpholine




368.2448


 


466
2-Piperidinemethanol




368.2426


 


467
3-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine




368.2443


 


468
4-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine




368.2437


 


469
3-Azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane




378.2622


 


470
1-Acetylpiperazine




381.2406


 


471
Isonipecotamide




381.2375


 


472
Nipecotamide




381.2426


 


473
1-Methyl-4- (methylamino)piperidine




381.2733


 


474
Nipecotic acid




382.2213


 


475
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine




383.2571


 


476
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline




386.2333


 


477
2-(2-Methylaminoethyl)pyridine




389.2438


 


478
N-(2-Piperidylmethyl)dimethylamine




395.2915


 


479
4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)-piperidine




407.2894


 


480
1-(2-Ethoxyethyl)piperazine




411.2862


 


481
1-Phenylpiperazine




415.2572


 


482
1-(2-Pyridyl)piperazine




416.2568


 


483
4-Benzylpiperidine




428.2816


 


484
1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine




433.2371


 


485
2-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl-piperidine




435.3229


 


486
N,N-Diethylnipecotamide




437.3021


 


487
N-Isopropyl-1- piperazineacetamide




438.3000


 


488
1-Cinnamylpiperazine




455.2915









Example 489-518
Part A
Potassium phthalimide (4.90 mg, 26.4 mmol), sodium iodide (495 mg, 3.30 mmol), and DMF (22 mL) were added to 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (4.00 g, 13.2 mmol, prepared as described in Parts A-F of Examples 454-489), and the reaction was heated at 90° C. for two hours under a nitrogen atmosphere and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Water (100 mL) was added and a precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration to yield 3.7 g of 2-[4-(4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that was used in the next step.
Part B
A solution of the material from Part A (3.7 g, 8.9 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (2.15 mL, 44.5 mmol) in ethanol (111 mL) was heated at reflux for 30 minutes, then was cooled to 0° C. and a white solid formed. The solid was isolated and washed with ethanol. The solid was combined with some material from another experiment and was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 5-50% CMA in chloroform). The appropriate fractions were combined, concentrated, and triturated with acetonitrile to afford a solid that was isolated by filtration to yield 880 mg of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan powder.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.23 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (td, J=7.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (td, J=8.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (br s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H);
MS (APCI) m/z 270 (M+H)+.
Part C
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (27 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.033 mL, 0.20 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken overnight at room temperature and then two drops of water were added to each test tube. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 489-518
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





489
none
H
270.1720


 


490
Acetyl chloride




312.1822


 


491
Propionyl chloride




326.1971


 


492
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




338.1985


 


493
Butyryl chloride




340.2134


 


494
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




352.2128


 


495
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




408.1593


 


496
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




408.1610


 


497
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




375.1924


 


498
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




375.1945


 


499
Methanesulfonyl chloride




348.1503


 


500
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




362.1656


 


501
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




376.1838


 


502
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




390.1973


 


503
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




402.1238


 


504
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




410.1693


 


505
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




428.1566


 


506
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




435.1588


 


507
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.1227


 


508
Methyl isocyanate




327.1951


 


509
Ethyl isocyanate




341.2088


 


510
Isopropyl isocyanate




355.2279


 


511
Pentyl isocyanate




383.2570


 


512
Phenyl isocyanate




389.2083


 


513
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




395.2576


 


514
Benzyl isocyanate




403.2261


 


515
2-Phenylethyl isocyanate




417.2420


 


516
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




341.2114


 


517
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride




383.2235


 


518
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




396.2516









Examples 519-572
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing the bis-trifluoroacetic acid salt of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (50 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 51) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.070 mL, 0.40 mmol) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken overnight at room temperature and then two drops of water were added to each test tube. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
Examples 519-572
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





519
none
H
274.2038


 


520
Acetyl chloride




316.2154


 


521
Propionyl chloride




330.2310


 


522
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




342.2291


 


523
Butyryl chloride




344.2472


 


524
Benzoyl chloride




378.2303


 


525
Cyclopentylacetyl chloride




384.2774


 


526
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




384.2748


 


527
Phenylacetyl chloride




392.2445


 


528
3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




396.2219


 


529
4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




396.2224


 


530
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




403.2255


 


531
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




403.2243


 


532
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




408.2416


 


533
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




412.1931


 


534
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




412.1929


 


535
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2278


 


536
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2258


 


537
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2265


 


538
Methanesulfonyl chloride




352.1819


 


539
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




366.1990


 


540
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




380.2133


 


541
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




380.2134


 


542
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




381.2080


 


543
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




394.2316


 


544
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




406.1540


 


545
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




414.1985


 


546
1-Methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride




418.2029


 


547
3-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




428.2123


 


548
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




432.1890


 


549
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




439.1953


 


550
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.2095


 


551
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




448.1604


 


552
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




448.1575


 


553
Methyl isocyanate




331.2267


 


554
Ethyl isocyanate




345.2419


 


555
Isopropyl isocyanate




359.2592


 


556
Pentyl isocyanate




387.2903


 


557
Phenyl isocyanate




393.2431


 


558
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




399.2892


 


559
Benzyl isocyanate




407.2554


 


560
m-Tolyl isocyanate




407.2596


 


561
3-Pyridyl isothiocycante




410.2142


 


562
2-Phenylethyl isocyanate




421.2730


 


563
2-Methoxylphenyl isocyanate




423.2517


 


564
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




423.2527


 


565
4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




423.2525


 


566
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




427.2018


 


567
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




427.2028


 


568
3,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate




429.2248


 


569
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




345.2408


 


570
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride




387.2500


 


571
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




400.2845


 


572
N-Methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl chloride




407.2571









Example 573
1,2-Diethyl-7-methoxy-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

To a stirred solution of N-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (2.82 g, 9.85 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at −78° C. was added slowly a solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes (2.5 M, 8.30 mL, 20.7 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes in a −40° C. bath, then was cooled back to −78° C. Triisopropyl borate (6.82 mL, 29.6 mmol) was added slowly. The solution was stirred for 1 hour at −40° C., then was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added. The mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford a residue that was triturated with hexanes. The hexanes were decanted and the residue was stirred in methanol/water to precipitate a white solid that was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to yield 1.36 g of 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]-4-methoxyphenylboronic acid, m.p. 256-257° C. The material was used in the next step without further purification.
Part B
A 50 mL round bottom flask containing a mixture of 4-bromo-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared as described in Part E of Example 11, 1.12 g, 4.91 mmol) and 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]-4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (1.36 g, 5.40 mmol) in 1-propanol (25 mL) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen. To the flask was added triphenylphosphine (38.6 mg, 0.147 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (7.4 mL), water (5 mL), and palladium (II) acetate (11 mg, 0.048 mmol). The yellow suspension was heated at 100° C. After 3 hours, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water (10 mL) was added, and the 1-propanol was removed under reduced pressure. The water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL), water (50 mL), and brine (50 mL), then dried over sodium sulfate. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 0.54 g of N-[2-(3-cyano-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as a colorless liquid.
MS (ESI) m/z 355.28 (M+H)+
Part C
A solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (21% by weight, 2.29 mL, 13.9 mmol) was added to a solution of N-[2-(3-cyano-1,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (0.5 g, 1.41 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes and then heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was triturated with water to provide a solid that was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The material was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-20% CMA in chloroform) followed by crystallization from acetonitrile to yield 0.23 g of 1,2-diethyl-7-methoxy-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as beige needles, mp 210-211° C.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.8 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.0 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (dd, J=8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 2H), 4.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.28 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H);
13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ158.0, 151.4, 145.6, 137.9, 135.3, 122.8, 116.8, 113.6, 110.6, 108.7, 55.3, 44.7, 18.6, 16.4, 13.6;
MS (ESI) m/z 271.2 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C15H18N4O: C, 66.65; H, 6.71; N, 20.73. Found: C, 66.27; H, 6.59; N, 20.72.
Example 574
2-Ethyl-7-methoxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Using a modification on the method described in Part B of Example 573, 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (prepared as described in Part E of Example 41, 10.3 g, 33.9 mmol) was coupled with 2-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)amino]-4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (prepared as described in Part A of Example 573, 15.3 g, 60.9 mmol). The reaction was worked up and purified as described in Part B of Example 573 to yield 1.7 g of N-{2-[3-cyano-1-ethyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-5-methoxyphenyl}-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as a colorless liquid, MS (ESI) m/z 431.17 (M+H)+.
Part B
A modification of the method described in Part C of Example 573 was used to convert the material from Part A into 2-ethyl-7-methoxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) followed by crystallization from acetonitrile to yield 0.57 g of 2-ethyl-7-methoxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an off-white solid, mp 162-163° C. MS (ESI) m/z 347.32 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C21H22N4O: C, 72.81; H, 6.40; N, 16.17. Found: C, 72.60; H, 6.53; N, 16.32.
Example 575
4-Amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol hydrochloride




2-Ethyl-7-methoxy-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.37 g, 1.07 mmol) was added in one portion to boiling pyridinium chloride (3.70 g, 32.0 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hours, and then was allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was triturated with ice water and the precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to yield 0.38 g of 4-amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol hydrochloride as a light grey solid, mp>300° C.
MS (ESI) m/z 333.31 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C20H20N4O.1.1HCl.0.25H2O: C, 63.72; H, 5.78; N, 14.86; Cl, 10.34.
Found: C, 63.75; H, 5.96; N, 15.10; Cl, 10.61.
Example 576
4-Amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate




N-Phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonamide (0.187 g, 0.447 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4-amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol hydrochloride (0.15 g, 0.41 mmol) and triethylamine (0.280 mL, 2.03 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After 6 hours, water (25 mL) was added and a precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried to yield 0.175 g of 4-amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a white powder, mp 178-179° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.05 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (m, 6H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 4.18 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).
MS (APCI) m/z 465.13 (M+H)+.
Example 577
1-(4-Aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A mixture of potassium phthalimide (6.61 g, 35.7 mmol), sodium iodide (0.669 g, 4.46 mmol) and 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 46, 5.65 g, 17.8 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature overnight, then was diluted with ice water (300 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes. A solid formed that was collected by filtration and dried to yield 7.14 g of 2-[4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione as a tan solid, mp 204-206° C. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.86-7.70 (m, 5H), 7.69-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 1H), 5.37 (br s, 2H), 4.30 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.31-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.75 (m, 6H), 0.98 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).
Part B
A mixture of 2-[4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (7.21 g, 16.9 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (4.22 g, 84.3 mmol) in ethanol (400 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 hours. The resulting solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 3.52 g of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow solid, mp 137-139° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 298.2 (M+H)+.
Example 578
1-(4-Aminobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A solution of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (2.40 g, 8.06 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) was treated with platinum (IV) oxide. The mixture was hydrogenated on a Parr apparatus at 50 psi (3.5×105 Pa) for 1 day, and then was diluted with chloroform (50 mL) and methanol (25 mL). The mixture was filtered through CELITE filter agent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 6.0 g the bis-trifluoroacetic acid salt of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine in residual trifluoroacetic acid as a yellow liquid.
MS (APCI) m/z 302.3 (M+H)+.
Examples 579-581
Part A
A solution of 1-butyl-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 43, 1.43 g, 4.60 mmol) in 6 M HCl in water (40 mL) was heated at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was allowed too cool to room temperature and a white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water to provide 1-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride that was used in the next step without extensive drying. Alternatively, the product can be dried in a vacuum oven at 95° C.
Anal. calcd for C14H16N4.0.8HCl: C, 56.31; H, 5.67; N, 18.76. Found: C, 56.64; H, 5.10; N, 18.68.
Part B
A solution of 1-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride (I equivalent, 0.06 M), sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents), and an alkyl iodide from the table below (3 equivalents) in ethanol was heated at reflux for 1-4 days. Additional alkyl iodide was added if necessary. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and a precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel, gradient elution with CMA in chloroform). In Example 579, the product was further purified by precipitation from ethanol/water. In Examples 580 and 581, the product was further purified by reverse phase chromatography (gradient elution with acetonitrile in water containing 0.5% formic acid). In all examples, the final product was dried at 90° C. under vacuum.
Example 579
1,2-Dibutyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as a white powder, mp 143.0-145.0° C.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.89 (dd, J=7.9, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (td, J=7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (td, J=8.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (br s, 2H), 4.36 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 1.91-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.48 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (sextet, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 297 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H24N4: C, 72.94; H, 8.16; N, 18.90. Found: C, 72.70; H, 8.08; N, 19.05.
Example 580
The formic acid salt of 1-butyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as a white powder, mp 164-166° C.
1H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.17 (s, 0.8H), 7.90-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.83 (br s, 2H), 4.34 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (sextet, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (pentet, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (175 MHz, DMSO) δ 163.34, 150.49, 143.04, 137.98, 135.33, 125.69, 125.12, 121.74, 121.65, 119.48, 116.25, 50.76, 30.62, 24.57, 23.53, 21.83, 13.66, 10.89;
MS (APCI) m/z 283 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H22N4.1.0 CH2O2.0.2H2O: C, 65.12; H, 7.41; N, 16.87. Found: C, 64.73; H, 7.53; N, 16.92.
Example 581
The formic acid salt of 1-butyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was obtained as a white powder, mp 202-203° C.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.17 (s, 0.8H), 7.92 (dd, J=7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (td, J=7.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (td, J=7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (br s, 2H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (pentet, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (sextet, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO) δ 163.29, 150.38, 142.94, 138.15, 134.96, 125.70, 125.05, 121.73, 121.54, 119.39, 116.46, 37.23, 30.10, 24.67, 21.76, 13.62;
MS (APCI) m/z 255 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C15H18N4.0.8 CH2O2.0.02H2O: C, 65.10; H, 6.79; N, 19.22. Found: C, 64.75; H, 6.74; N, 19.22.
Examples 579-581
















 










Alkylating agent



Example
in Part B
R





579
1-iodobutane
—CH2CH2CH2CH3


580
1-iodopropane
—CH2CH2CH3


581
iodomethane
—CH3









Examples 582
2-Isopropyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-lined steel pressure vessel containing a solution of 2-benzyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 36, 0.8821 g, 3.06 mmol) in anhydrous hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (10 mL) was heated in a 140° C. oven for 17 hours. The vessel was allowed to cool to room temperature. A solid formed that was isolated by filtration and washed with water to yield 1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine that was used in the next step.
Part B
The general method described in Part B of Examples 579-581 was used to convert the material from Part A into 2-isopropyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine, using 2-iodopropane as the alkyl iodide. The purification method described for Example 579 was used to provide 0.0398 g of 2-isopropyl-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 221.0-222.0° C.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.02 (dd, J=7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (td, J=7.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (td, J=7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (br s, 2H), 4.94 (septet, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 1.53 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H);
MS (APCI) m/z 241 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C14H16N4.0.15H2O: C, 69.21; H, 6.76; N, 23.06. Found: C, 68.81; H, 6.60; N, 22.85.
Example 583
4-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl acetate




1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (3.8 g, 12.5 mmol, prepared as described in Example 19) was combined with potassium acetate (3.68 g, 37.5 mmol), sodium iodide (470 mg, 3.12 mmol), and DMF (21 mL). The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 2 hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with water (100 mL), stirred for 20 minutes, and then filtered to remove a black solid. The filtrate was allowed to stand for 1 week at which time crystals had formed. The crystals were isolated by filtration, purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 70:30), and then recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 55 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl acetate as a tan crystalline solid, mp 128-129° C. MS (APCI) m/z 327 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H22N4O2: C, 66.24; H, 6.79; N, 17.17. Found: C, 66.01; H, 6.89; N, 17.24.
Example 584
N-[3-(4-Amino-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)propyl]methanesulfonamide




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture sodium tert-butoxide (88.45 g, 0.920 mol) and ethanol (625 mL) was stirred for 5 minutes and then cooled to 0° C. A solution of diethyl oxalate (119 mL, 0.877 mol) and 6-chloro-2-pentanone (100 mL, 0.877 mol) in a minimal amount of ethanol was added and a precipitate formed immediately. The reaction was stirred for 5 minutes, then acetic acid (438 mL of 2 M) was added and a solution was obtained. Potassium acetate (129.0 g, 1.314 mol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 3 minutes at which time it solidified. tert-Butylhydrazine oxalate hydrochloride (120.1 g, 0.964 mol) was added. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring overnight and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane and water and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane; the combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ethyl 1-tert-butyl-5-(3-chloropropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate that was used without purification.
Part B
The material from Part A was combined with 6 M sodium hydroxide (292 mL) and ethanol (219 mL), stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water. The solution was extracted with diethyl ether (2×100 mL) and then acidified to pH 4 with 3 N hydrochloric acid. A precipitate formed; the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then filtered. The isolated solid was washed with water and then air dried for 48 hours to provide 65.9 g of 1-tert-butyl-5-(3-chloropropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a tan solid.
Part C
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (8.63 g, 45.0 mmol) was added to a solution of material from Part B (10 g, 40.9 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (6.08 g, 45.0 mmol) in DMF (70 mL). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes and then cooled to 0° C. Ammonium hydroxide (8.1 mL of 15 M, 123 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and then extracted with diethyl ether (4×150 mL). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-tert-butyl-5-(3-chloropropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a brown oil.
Part D
The material from Part C, triethylamine (17.1 mL, 123 mmol), and dichloromethane (136 mL) were combined and then cooled to 0° C. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (6.3 mL, 45 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 1 minute. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours and then quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (30 mL). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-tert-butyl-5-(3-chloropropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part E
Bromine (2.5 mL, 49 mmol) was added in a single portion to a mixture of the material from Part D, potassium acetate (8.0 g, 82 mmol), and acetic acid (82 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours, quenched with sodium bisulfite, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane and water and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11 with aqueous sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a black oil. The oil was purified by column chromatography (silica gel eluting with 7:3 hexanes:ethyl acetate) to provide 7.5 g of a dark yellow oil. Analysis by NMR indicated that the oil contained 4-bromo-1-tert-butyl-5-(3-chloropropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and starting material in about a 9:1 ratio.
Part F
2-Aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (8.5 g, 49.2 mmol), potassium phosphate (15.6 g, 73.8 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (563 mg, 0.615 mmol), and bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (397 mg, 0.738 mmol) were added to a solution of the material from Part E in toluene (153 mL) containing powdered molecular sieves (1 g). Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture, and then the reaction was heated at 110° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and then filtered through a layer of silica gel (eluting with 3:2 chloroform/methanol). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethanol (120 mL). Hydrogen chloride (20 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to the resulting solution, and the reaction was heated at reflux for two hours and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was diluted with brine and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65+M cartridge, eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 70:30). The cleanest fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 250 mg of off white crystals. The remaining fractions and the mother liquor from the recrystallization were combined and concentrated to provide 2 g of 2-tert-butyl-1-(3-chloropropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow solid.
Part G
Methanesulfonamide (3.0 g, 31.5 mmol) was added to a chilled (0° C.) suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.2 g, 31.5 mmol) in DMF (10 mL); the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for five minutes. The yellow solid from Part F, DMF (4 mL) and sodium iodide (235 mg, 1.57 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was heated at 90° C. for three hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and then poured into ice water (100 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour at which time a precipitate formed. The solid was isolated by filtration and then dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane and chloroform. The solution was dried over sodium sulfate and then purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 70:30). The resulting solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 80 mg of N-[3-(4-amino-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)propyl]methanesulfonamide as gray crystals, mp 223-224° C. MS (APCI) m/z 376 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C18H25N5O2S: C, 57.58; H, 6.71; N, 18.65 Found: C, 57.71; H, 7.00; N, 18.81.
Example 585
1-(4-Amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, sodium tert-butoxide (54.1 g, 0.564 mol) and ethanol (187 mL) were combined at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. A mixture of mesityl oxide (30 mL, 0.26 mol) and diethyl oxalate (35.6 mL, 0.26 mol) in ethanol (40 mL) was added over a period of 1 minute. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours at ambient temperature and then cooled to 0° C. Acetic acid (131 mL) and methyl hydrazine (15.3 mL, 0.288 mol) were added. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature with stirring overnight and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with chloroform (500 mL) and water (1 L) and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11 with the addition of 50% sodium hydroxide. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (3×250 mL); the combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ethyl 1-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a black oil that was used without purification.
Part B
The material from Part B was combined with 6 M sodium hydroxide (87 mL) and ethanol (655 mL), stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water and the solution acidified to pH 4 by the addition of 3 N hydrochloric acid. A precipitate formed; the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then filtered. The isolated solid was washed with water and then air dried for 24 hours to provide 39 g of 1-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a tan solid.
Part C
The material from Part B was combined with dichloromethane (870 mL) and a drop of DMF. Oxalyl chloride (45.8 mL, 525 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes and then cooled to 0° C. Chilled (0° C.) ammonium hydroxide (250 mL of 15 M) was added in a single portion. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then extracted with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 31.9 g of 1-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a brown oil.
Part D
The material from Part C was combined with toluene (250 mL) and stirred until a solution was obtained. Phosphorous oxychloride (28.5 mL, 302 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hours. The toluene layer was poured into ice water; the mixture was made basic by the addition of 2 N aqueous sodium carbonate and then extracted with chloroform. The extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark oil.
Part E
mCPBA (57 g of 50%) was added in a single portion to a solution of the material from Part D in dichloromethane (750 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then filtered to remove the chlorobenzoic acid. The filter cake was rinsed with a small amount of dichloromethane. The filtrate was washed with aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (1×200 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 5-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part F
Bromine (16.14 mL, 315 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part E in acetic acid (300 mL) at 0° C. The red solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, and then saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite was added until the red color was gone. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the acetic acid. The residue was diluted with chloroform (100 mL) and the pH was adjusted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate to pH 11. The cloudy mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with chloroform (3×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a cloudy oil. The oil was combined with acetonitrile (300 mL) and aqueous hydrogen bromide (35 mL of 48%) and stirred for 1 hour. Aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate was added until the mixture was basic. The resulting solution was diluted with water and then extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a dark yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from 9:1 to 1:1) to provide 10.5 g of crude 4-bromo-5-(1-bromo-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part G
Azobisisobutyronitrile (600 mg, 3.6 mmol) and tributyltin hydride (7.3 mL, 27.3 mmol) were added to a mixture of portion of the material from Part E (6.4 g, 18 mmol) and toluene (91 mL). After bubbling had ceased, the pale yellow solution was heated at 90° C. for 1 hour. Analysis by TLC indicated that starting material was still present. An additional equivalent of tributyltin hydride was added and the reaction mixture was heated for an additional 30 minutes; this was repeated. The reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65+M cartridge eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate in a gradient from all hexane to 1:1) to provide 2.7 g of 4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil.
Part H
2-Aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (3.6 g, 20.8 mmol), potassium phosphate (11.0 g, 52.0 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform adduct (238 mg, 0.26 mmol), and bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (167 mg, 0.312 mmol) were added to a solution of the material from Part G in toluene (65 mL) containing powdered molecular sieves (1 g). Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture, and then the reaction was heated at 110° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and then filtered through a layer of silica gel (eluting with 3:2 chloroform/methanol). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dissolved in ethanol (52 mL). Hydrogen chloride (4.8 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to the resulting solution, and the reaction was heated at reflux for two hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was adjusted to pH 10 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The mixture was diluted with brine and chloroform. A white solid that did not dissolve in either layer was isolated by filtration and then recrystallized from ethanol to provide 300 mg of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as gray crystals, mp 256-257° C. MS (APCI) m/z 271 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C15H18N4O: C, 66.65; H, 6.71; N, 20.73. Found: C, 66.51; H, 6.89; N, 20.79.
Example 586
1-(4-Amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




The mother liquor from Example 585 Part H was concentrated to provide 1 g of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol. This material was combined with platinum oxide (750 mg) and trifluoroacetic acid (25 mL) and shaken under hydrogen pressure on a Parr apparatus for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent and the filter cake was rinsed with dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (10 mL), the pH was adjusted to pH 12 with 50% sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and then purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 0 to 30% CMA in chloroform). The resulting solid was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 160 mg of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as tan crystals, mp 228-234° C. MS (APCI) m/z 275 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C15H22N4O: C, 65.67; H, 8.08; N, 20.42. Found: C, 65.53; H, 8.19; N, 20.47.
Example 587
1-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Using the method of Example 586, 1-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (100 mg, prepared as described in Example 62) was reduced and purified to provide 25 mg of 1-(4-amino-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as a white powder, mp 202-204° C. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.96 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 4.46 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (s, 2H), 2.82 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 4H), 1.39 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.34 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 149.11, 141.0, 135.20, 132.16, 123.77, 110.30, 70.70, 45.56, 37.93, 32.09, 30.18, 25.10, 23.46, 23.15, 15.91; MS (APCI) m/z 289 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C16H24N4O: C, 66.64; H, 8.39; N, 19.43. Found: C, 66.46; H, 8.58; N, 19.23.
Example 588
5-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7-amine




Part A

Methylhydrazine (6.2 mL, 117 mmol) was added to a chilled (0° C.) solution of methyl pyruvic acetate (15.0 mL, 107 mmol) in acetic acid (210 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, made basic (pH 11) by the addition of aqueous saturated sodium carbonate, and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 14.6 g of ethyl 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a dark oil.
Part B
The material from Part A (3.0 g, 17.8 mmol) was combined in a stainless steel reactor with 7 N ammonia in methanol (30 mL). The reaction was sealed and heated at 150° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 2.5 g of crude 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a dark brown solid.
Part C
The material from Part B, triethylamine (7.5 mL, 54 mmol), and dichloromethane (60 mL) were combined and then cooled to 0° C. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (3.8 mL, 27 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 1 minute. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours and then quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (30 mL). The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part D
A solution of iodine monochloride (3.9 g, 24.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (12 mL) was added to a mixture of material from Part C (1.5 g, 12.3 mmol), dichloromethane (20 mL) and freshly ground potassium carbonate (3.2 g, 23 mmol). After 1 hour the reaction mixture was quenched with sodium bisulfite until all color was gone, diluted with water, and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 2.5 g of 4-iodo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part E
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, material from Part D (200 mg, 0.81 mmol), hexyne (0.18 mL, 1.6 mmol), copper(I) iodide (30 mg, 0.16 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (57 mg, 0.081 mmol), triethylamine (0.24 mL, 2.4 mmol) and acetonitrile (4 mL) were combined and then heated at reflux for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with 7:3 hexanes:ethyl acetate, and then filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 140 mg of 4-(hex-1-ynyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a brown oil.
Part F
The material from Part E was combined in a stainless steel reactor with 7 N ammonia in methanol (10 mL). The reaction was sealed and heated at 150° C. for 58 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a brown oil. The oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 20% CMA in chloroform) to provide a tan solid. This material was triturated with acetonitrile to provide 60 mg of 5-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7-amine as a tan powder, mp 130-131° C. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 2.46-2.49 (m, 5H), 1.16 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.25 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 149.15, 146.42, 133.04, 129.13, 122.17, 97.71, 36.10, 36.05, 30.44, 20.79, 12.80, 8.39; MS (APCI) m/z 219.2 (M+H)+; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C12H18N4+H, 219.161, found 219.1594. Anal. calcd for C12H18N4.0.15H2O: C, 65.22; H, 8.35; N, 25.35. Found: C, 65.52; H, 8.72; N, 25.64.
Example 589
N-[4-(4-Amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin 1-yl)butyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide




Part A

A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (2.8 g, 8.6 mmol, prepared as described in Part F of Examples 454-488), platinum oxide, and trifluoroacetic acid was shaken under hydrogen pressure on a Parr apparatus for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent and the filter cake was rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (10 mL), the pH was adjusted to pH 12 with 50% sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 0 to 20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 2.0 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine as a yellow solid.
Part B
A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (385 mg, 1.31 mmol), potassium phthalimide (362 mg, 1.96 mmol), sodium iodide (50 mg, 0.327 mmol), and DMF (2 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and then diluted with water (30 mL) while stirring in an ice bath. A precipitate was isolated by filtration to obtain 2-[4-(4-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione as a yellow solid.
Part C
The material from Part B was combined with hydrazine hydrate (0.3 mL, 6.55 mmol) and ethanol (15 mL) and heated at reflux for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was chilled to 0° C. A precipitate was removed by filtration and the filter cake was rinsed with ethanol. The filtrate was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 0 to 40% CMA in chloroform) to provide 290 mg of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine.
Part D
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of the material from Part C, triethylamine (290 μL, 2.12 mmol), and dichloromethane (5 mL) was cooled to 0° C. 4-Morpholinecarbonyl chloride (124 μL, 1.06 mmol) was added in 3 portions spaced 5 minutes apart. The reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, diluted with water, and then extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (25+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 0 to 20% CMA in chloroform) to provide a clear oil. The oil was dissolved in acetonitrile. The acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was placed under high vacuum with gentle heating to provide N-[4-(4-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide as a white powder, mp 95° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.48 (t, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.51 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 4H), 3.22 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 4H), 3.07 (q, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (bs, 2H), 2.56 (bs, 2H), 1.74 (m, 4H) 1.51 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6)  156.51, 147.42, 139.56, 134.11, 133.45, 120.94, 108.33, 64.81, 42.72, 39.56, 36.15, 30.41, 28.38, 26.42, 23.40, 23.23, 21.90, 21.57; MS (APCI) m/z 387 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C20H30N6O2.H2O: C, 59.39; H, 7.97; N, 20.78. Found: C, 59.04; H, 7.89; N, 20.74.
Example 590
1-(2-Amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2-bromoethyl methyl ether (19.7 g, 142 mmol) was added to a mixture of ethyl 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (40 g, 129 mmol, prepared according to the method of Example 64 Part A using hydrazine hydrate in lieu of propylhydrazine oxalate) and sodium tert-butoxide (12.4 g, 129 mmol) in ethanol (128 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 5 hours; an additional 0.2 equivalents of both sodium tert-butoxide and 2-bromoethyl methyl ether were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for an additional 21 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between water and tert-butyl methyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (×3). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 46.0 g of a yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in 1:1 tert-butyl methyl ether:hexanes and purified by IFC (65 cartridge eluting with 1:1 tert-butyl methyl ether:hexanes) to provide a pale yellow oil. This material was triturated with 40 mL of 1:1 tert-butyl methyl ether:hexanes, seeded with product from an earlier run, stirred until a white solid formed, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 24.83 g of ethyl 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a white solid, mp 92-93° C. MS (APCI) m/z 370 (M+H)+; Anal. Cacld for C18H31N3O5: C, 58.52; H, 8.46; N, 11.37. Found: C, 58.65; H, 8.69; N, 11.47.
Part B
Lithium hydroxide (17.1 g, 407 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (37.6 g, 102 mmol) in methanol (141 mL) and water (47 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 days and then most of the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue was cooled in an ice bath and then combined with 1 N hydrochloric acid (350 mL) and tert-butyl methyl ether. The layers were separated. The volume of the organic layer was reduced under vacuum and then diluted with hexanes. A precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and suction dried to provide 13.09 g of 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a white solid. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform while maintaining the pH of the aqueous layer at pH 4-5 by the addition of 1 N hydrochloric acid. The chloroform extracts were combined, dried over sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in tert-butyl methyl ether, diluted with hexanes, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. A white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes, and suction dried to provide an additional 21.8 g of product.
Part C
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (21.5 g, 112 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl}-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (34.8 g, 102 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (15.2 g, 112 mmol) in DMF (174 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours until a solution formed and then it was cooled in an ice bath. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide (20.4 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Water (445 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (×12). The extracts were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was concentrated twice from xylene under reduced pressure to provide 38 g of an oil. The oil was combined with 100 mL of 1:1 tert-butyl methyl ether:hexanes, warmed until a solution was obtained, and then let stand. An oil formed; the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dried under vacuum at 50° C. until a solid formed. The solid was slurried with hexanes, isolated by filtration, washed with hexanes, and suction dried to provide 31.3 g of tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part D
Using the method of Example 64 Part D, tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (31.1 g) was dehydrated. The crude product was purified by IFC (65+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 50 to 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 28.12 g of tert-butyl 2-[3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part E
Bromine (19.5 g, 122 mmol) was added in a single portion to a solution of tert-butyl 2-[3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (28.07 g, 87.1 mmol) and potassium acetate (12.8 g, 131 mmol) in acetic acid (174.2 mL). After 16 hours saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite was added until the reaction mixture was colorless. The acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure at about 30° C. The residue was made basic with 2 M sodium carbonate and then extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (×3). The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Analysis by HPLC indicated that the BOC group had been partially removed. The material was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), combined with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, and stirred for 9 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by IFC (65+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 40 to 50% tert-butyl methyl ether in hexanes) to provide 32.1 g of tert-butyl 2-[4-bromo-3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as a colorless, viscous resin.
Part F
Using the method of Example 64 Part F, tert-butyl 2-[4-bromo-3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (32.1 g, 80.0 mmol) was coupled with 2-aminophenylboronic acid. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and tert-butyl methyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether (×2). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide a brown oil. The oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 1 to 20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 11.4 g of an orange resin. This material was purified IFC (65+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 35 to 55% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 4.85 g of tert-butyl 2-[4-(2-aminophenyl)-3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate as an orange glassy resin.
Part G
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, acetyl chloride (100 mmol) was added to ice cold ethanol (100 mL). The ice bath was removed; the mixture was stirred for 3 hours and then combined with the material from Part F. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was combined with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (50 mL) and then extracted with chloroform (×4). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide 3.84 g of an orange solid. This material was purified by IFC (40+M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 25 to 55% CMA in chloroform) to provide 2.15 g of a white solid. This material was refluxed with 3:1 ethyl acetate:hexanes (100 mL), chilled in an ice bath, isolated by filtration, rinsed with a small amount of the solvent mixture, and then suction dried to provide 1.94 g of a white solid. A portion (165 mg) of this material was recrystallized from acetonitrile (10 mL) to provide 109 mg of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 199-200° C. MS (APCI) m/z 314 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C17H23N5O: C, 65.15; H, 7.40; N, 22.35.
Found: C, 64.83; H, 7.38; N, 22.70.
Example 591
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}isonicotinamide




Using the method of Example 68, isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (710 mg, 4.00 mmol) was reacted with 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (500 mg, 1.60 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590). The crude product was purified as described in Example 68 to provide 551 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}isonicotinamide as a white solid, mp 166-168° C. MS (ESI) m/z 419 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C23H26N6O2: C, 66.01; H, 6.26; N, 20.08. Found: C, 65.93; H, 6.41; N, 20.44.
Example 592
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide




Using the method of Example 66, methanesulfonyl chloride (399 mg, 3.48 mmol) was reacted with 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.09 g, 3.48 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590). The crude product was purified by IFC (40M cartridge eluting with a gradient of 15 to 35% CMA in chloroform) to provide a white foam. The foam was refluxed with 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (50 mL), ethyl acetate was added until a free flowing white solid appeared, and then the mixture was cooled on ice. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 809 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide as a white solid, mp 211-213° C. MS (ESI) m/z 392 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C18H25N5O3S: C, 55.22; H, 6.44; N, 17.89. Found: C, 55.05; H, 6.38; N, 17.98.
Example 593
4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol




A solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Parts A-C of Example 57, 0.507 g, 1.02 mmol) in 6 M HCl in ethanol (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1.5 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. The oil was triturated with ether to obtain a solid that was isolated by filtration. The solid was dissolved in methanol and the solution was adjusted to approximately pH 14 with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with 5% CMA in chloroform) followed by crystallization from hexanes/ethyl acetate to provide 0.084 g of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol as white needles, mp 135.0-136.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.92 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (q, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.85-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.66 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 299 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H22N4O: C, 68.43; H, 7.43; N, 18.78. Found: C, 68.47; H, 7.62; N, 18.84.
Example 594
4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol




4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol (prepared as described in Example 593, 0.118 g, 0.396 mmol) was hydrogenated for 1.8 days using the method described in Example 59. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil that was dissolved in 6 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 day, then a white solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried at 70° C. under vacuum to provide 0.719 g of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butan-1-ol as a white powder, mp 194.0-200.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 5.95 (s, 2H), 4.41 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 2H), 1.82-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.74 (s, 4H), 1.49-1.59 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 303 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H26N4O.0.2H2O.0.3 C2F3HO2: C, 62.13; H, 7.91; N, 16.47. Found: C, 62.10; H, 7.75; N, 16.40.
Example 595
1-[3-(3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A solution of acetaldoxime (1.00 g, 16.9 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (2.26 g, 16.9 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 1.5 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature and was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to yield 1.0545 g of α-chloroacetaldoxime as a clear colorless oil that was used directly in the next step.
Part B
The oil from Part A (0.14 g, 1.5 mmol) was added to a solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 57, 0.590 g, 1.20 mmol) and triethylamine (0.25 mL, 1.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL). The solution was heated at 40° C. for 42 hours, during which time more of the material from Part A (0.357 g) was added. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then was diluted with dichloromethane. The solution was washed with an aqueous potassium carbonate solution, water, and brine, then was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, eluted with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 0.4705 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a colorless oil.
Part C
A solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (0.471 g, 0.856 mmol) in 6 M HCl in ethanol (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1 hour. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil that was dissolved in water (20 mL). The solution was adjusted to pH 12 with a few drops of 50% aqueous potassium hydroxide and then to pH 14 with 1 M aqueous potassium hydroxide. A precipitate formed that was isolated by filtration and crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes. The crystals were isolated by filtration and dried under vacuum at 70° C. to afford 0.123 g 1-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white needles, mp 183.0-184.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.78 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.30 (m, 1H), 5.85 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 4.26 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.93-2.04 (m, 2H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 350 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C20H23N5O: C, 68.75; H, 6.63; N, 20.04. Found: C, 68.62; H, 6.80; N, 20.00.
Example 596
1-[3-(3-Phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

α-Chlorobenzaldoxime was prepared according to the method described in Part A of Example 595 by reacting benzaldoxime (11.5 g, 94.9 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) with N-chlorosuccinimide (12.6 g, 94.9 mmol). α-Chlorobenzaldoxime (13.7 g, 93%) was obtained as a white solid.
Part B
α-Chlorobenzaldoxime (0.64 g, 4.1 mmol) was added to a solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 57, 1.36 g, 2.76 mmol) and triethylamine (0.60 mL, 4.14 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL). The solution was heated at 40° C. for 19 hours, during which time additional α-chlorobenzaldoxime (0.65 g) was added. The reaction was worked up as described in Part B of Example 595. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, sequential elution with 20% then 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 1.35 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-[3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a white solid.
Part C
A solution of the material from Part B in 6 M hydrochloric acid in ethanol (10 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with 1 N potassium hydroxide for 16 hours. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, rinsed with a 6:4 mixture of hexanes/ethyl acetate, and dried at 80° for 3 hours to provide 0.7353 g of 1-[3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 176-178.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.77-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.71 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.80 (m, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 4.27 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (p, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 412 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C25H25N5O.0.6H2O: C, 71.10; H, 6.25; N, 16.58. Found: C, 70.93; H, 6.36; N, 16.48.
Example 597
1-Pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 57, 0.400 g, 0.812 mmol) in 6 M HCl in ethanol (3 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1.7 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. The oil was treated with 1 M aqueous potassium hydroxide to generate a white precipitate, which was isolated by filtration. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, gradient elution with 5-10% CMA in chloroform) followed by crystallization from hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.061 g of 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white crystals, mp 144.0-145.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.96 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 4.34 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.35-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.14 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.00 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 293 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H20N4: C, 73.94; H, 6.89; N, 19.16. Found: C, 73.58; H, 6.90; N, 19.24.
Example 598
1-[4-(3-Methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A mixture of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Part A of Example 57, 6.82 g, 13.2 mmol), sodium azide (1.74 g, 26.4 mmol), and sodium iodide (0.50 g, 3.30 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 21 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, then was poured into water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined, washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried under vacuum to afford 6.21 g of a brown solid that was used without further purification in the next step.
Part B
A mixture of the material from Part A (6.21 g, 11.9 mmol), triphenylphosphine (4.7 g, 17.8 mmol), water (7 mL), and tetrahydrofuran (70 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was placed onto a column of silica gel and was eluted with ethyl acetate, followed by 5% methanol in dichloromethane, followed by 15% methanol in dichloromethane. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated to afford 3.37 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate.
Part C
A mixture of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (1.50 g, 3.01 mmol), cyclopentanone (1 mL, 11.31 mmol), and magnesium sulfate in dichloromethane (9 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure; and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL). To the solution was added α-chloroacetaldoxime (prepared as described in Part A of Example 595, 0.56 g, 6.03 mmol). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and triethylamine (1.00 mL, 7.54 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 day. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, washed with an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate, water, and brine, then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with 40% hexanes in ethyl acetate) to afford a 0.75 g of material that was used in the next step.
Part D
A solution of the material from Part C (0.75 g, 1.21 mmol) in 6 M HCl in ethanol (6 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 2 hours. The solution was allowed to cool to room temperature, then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield an oil. The oil was treated with 6 M aqueous potassium hydroxide. The aqueous solution was extracted with dichloromethane several times. The organic layers were combined, washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, gradient elution with 5-15% CMA in chloroform) to afford 0.131 g of 1-[4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 101.0-105.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.87 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 4.29 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.56-1.89 (m, 15H), 1.00 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H);
MS (APCI) m/z 421 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C24H32N6O.0.8H2O: C, 66.27; H, 7.79; N, 19.32. Found: C, 66.34; H, 7.62; N, 19.21.
Example 599
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}acetamide




Triethylamine (5 mmol) and acetyl chloride (4.0 mmol) were added to a solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (496 mg, 1.60 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590) in dichloromethane (20 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (10 mL), and then combined with concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours, diluted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by IFC(RS-90 column, eluting with a gradient of 20 to 35% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.67 g of a colorless resin. This material was refluxed with 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (50 mL), cooled to ambient temperature, and then the mixture was cooled on ice. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, rinsed with some of the solvent mix, and dried to provide 443 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}acetamide as a white solid, mp 170-171° C. MS (ESI) m/z 356 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C19H25N5O2: C, 64.20; H, 7.09; N, 19.70. Found: C, 63.89; H, 7.41; N, 19.63.
Example 600
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}nicotinamide




Using the method of Example 68, nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (668 mg, 4.75 mmol) was reacted with 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (470 mg, 1.5 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590). The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 10 to 40% CMA in chloroform) to provide a pale yellow resin. The resin was refluxed with 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (75 mL) and cooled to ambient temperature with stirring. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, rinsed with 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes, and dried to provide 278 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}nicotinamide as a light beige solid, mp 212-214° C. MS (APCI) m/z 419 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C23H26N6O2: C, 66.01; H, 6.26; N, 20.08. Found: C, 65.74; H, 6.50; N, 20.09.
Example 601
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide




Using the general method of Example 68, except that the acid chloride was added at 0° C., 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 770 mg, 2.59 mmol) was reacted with 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride (1.03 g, 6.48 mmol) to provide 2.1 g of crude product as pale yellow resin. This material was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 5 to 20% CMA in chloroform) to provide about 1 g of a white foam. The foam was stirred with 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, rinsed with the same solvent mix, and then dried to provide 503 mg of a white solid (A). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white solid. This material was dissolved in dichloromethane, precipitated with hexanes, isolated by filtration, rinsed with hexanes, and dried to provide 340 mg of a white solid (B). White solids A and B were combined, refluxed in 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes, cooled to ambient temperature, and then in an ice bath. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration, rinsed with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes, and dried to provide 706 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide as a white solid, mp 168-169° C. MS (APCI) m/z 420 (M+H)+, Anal. Calcd for C24H26FN5O: C, 68.72; H, 6.25; N, 16.69. Found: C, 68.69; H, 6.15; N, 16.90.
Example 602
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-3,4-difluorobenzamide




Using the method of Example 601, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 770 mg, 2.59 mmol) was reacted with 3,4-difluorobenzoyl chloride (1.14 g, 6.48 mmol). The crude product was purified as described in Example 601 to provide 896 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]-3,4-difluorobenzamide as a white solid, mp 165-166° C. MS (APCI) m/z 438 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C24H25F2N5O: C, 65.89; H, 5.76; N, 16.01. Found: C, 65.84; H, 5.58; N, 15.92.
Example 603
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]isonicotinamide




Using the method of Example 68, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 770 mg, 2.59 mmol) was reacted with isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (1.15 mg, 6.48 mmol). The crude product was purified as described in Example 68 to provide 708 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]isonicotinamide as an off-white solid, mp 148-150° C. MS (APCI) m/z 403 (M+H)+; Anal. Cacld for C23H26N6O: C, 68.63; H, 6.51; N, 20.88. Found: C, 68.30; H, 6.49; N, 20.92.
Example 604
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}-3,4-difluorobenzamide




Using the general method of Example 599, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.52 g, 1.66 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590) was reacted with 3,4-difluorobenzoyl chloride. The crude product was purified as described in Example 599 to provide 382 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}-3,4-difluorobenzamide as a white solid, mp 199-200° C. MS (ESI) m/z 454 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C24H25F2N5O2: C, 63.57; H, 5.56; N, 15.44. Found: C, 63.37; H, 5.50; N, 15.58.
Example 605
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]propionamide




Using the method of Example 68, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 595 mg, 2.00 mmol) was reacted with propionyl chloride (463 mg, 5.00 mmol). The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 15 to 25% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide 545 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]propionamide as a white solid, mp 158-159° C. MS (APCI) m/z 354 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C20H27N5O: C, 67.96; H, 7.70; N, 19.81. Found: C, 67.80; H, 8.08; N, 19.77
Example 606
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}propionamide




Using the general method of Example 599, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (500 mg, 1.60 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590) was reacted with propionyl chloride (370 mg, 4.00 mmol). The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 15 to 50% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide 434 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}propionamide as a white solid, mp 157-158° C. MS (APCI) m/z 370 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C20H27N5O2: C, 65.02; H, 7.37; N, 18.96. Found: C, 64.79; H, 7.58; N, 18.94.
Example 607
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide




Using the general method of Example 599, 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (500 mg, 1.60 mmol, prepared as described in Example 590) was reacted with 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride (634 mg, 4.00 mmol). The crude product was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 5 to 20% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide 551 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide as a white solid, mp 187-189° C. MS (ESI) m/z 436 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C24H26FN5O2: C, 66.19; H, 6.02; N, 16.08. Found: C, 65.92; H, 5.93; N, 15.87.
Example 608
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide




Boron tribromide (1 M in dichloromethane, 2.15 mL, 2.15 mmol) was added over a period of 2 minutes to a chilled (0° C.) slurry of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide (337 mg, 0.861 mmol, prepared as described in Example 592) in dichloromethane (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 14 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was combined with 6 M hydrochloric acid and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The resulting precipitate was isolated by filtration and rinsed with water and chloroform. The precipitate was combined with the chloroform layer and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexanes/acetonitrile to provide 184 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}methanesulfonamide as a white solid, mp 203-204° C. MS (ESI) m/z 378 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C27H23N5O3S: C, 54.09; H, 6.14; N, 18.55. Found: C, 54.11; H, 5.97; N, 18.42.
Example 609
2-(4-Amino-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-2-yl)ethanol




Part A

A solution of 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine (15.2 g, 200 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was added over a period of 30 minutes to a solution of ethyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate (31.6 g, 200 mmol) in ethanol (200 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 20 minutes and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 45 g of ethyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate a light brown oil. A portion (31.1 g) of this material was combined in a Parr vessel with methanol (25 mL) and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (25 mL). The vessel was sealed and the mixture was heated for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a brown resin. The resin was stirred with a mixture of chloroform and methanol until a solid appeared. The solid was isolated by filtration and then recrystallized from isopropanol to provide 7.01 g of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. The rest of the ester was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 50 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 6.6 g of a pale yellow oil. This material was dissolved in concentrated ammonium hydroxide (25 mL) and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 48 hours. A precipitate was isolated by filtration, rinsed with water, and dried to provide 3.74 g of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as white needles, mp 170-172° C. Anal. Calcd for C7H11N3O2: C, 49.70; H, 6.55; N, 24.84. Found: C, 49.59; H, 6.65; N, 24.92.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, triethylamine (17.9 g, 177 mmol) was added to a slurry of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (7.0 g, 41.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (70 mL). The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and then a solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (15.6 g, 74.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (70 mL) was added over a period of 10 minutes. All of the solids dissolved to provide a cloudy solution. After 1 hour additional triethylamine (70.6 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (35.3 mmol) was added neat over a period of 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes then the ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (100 mL) and water (100 mL) then extracted with chloroform (×3). The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 11.5 g of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile a brown oil.
Part C
Potassium acetate (5.2 g, 53 mmol) and bromine (7.9 g, 49.4 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of the material from Part B in acetic acid (70 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours and then quenched with aqueous saturated sodium bisulfite. The acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate and then extracted with chloroform (×3). The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 11 g of a brown oil. The oil was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 50 to 75% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 3.48 g of 4-bromo-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part D
2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (11.8 mL), 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (2.04 g, 11.8 mmol), water (2.76 mL), triphenylphosphine (186 mg, 0.709 mmol), and palladium (II) acetate (53 mg, 0.236 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 4-bromo-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.812 g, 7.88 mmol) in propanol (13.8 mL) in a 100 mL round bottom flask. The flask was evacuated then filled with nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform (×4). The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a yellow oil. The oil was refluxed with tert-butyl methyl ether to provide about 1 g of a gummy solid. This material was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 30 to 75% CMA in chloroform) to provide about 400 mg of a pale yellow solid. This material was recrystallized from acetonitrile (50 mL) to provide 187 mg of 2-(4-amino-1-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-2-yl)ethanol as a white solid, mp 226-228° C. MS (APCI) m/z 243 (M+H)+; Anal. Calcd for C13H14N4O: C, 64.45; H, 5.82; N, 23.12.
Found: C, 64.31; H, 6.01; N, 23.18.
Example 610
2-Ethyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,7-naphthyridin-4-amine




Propanol (5 mL) and 2 M hydrochloric acid (1.6 mL) were added to 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyridin-4-ylboronic acid (1.04 g, 4.37 mmol), prepared as described in Example 15 using tert-butyl N-(3-pyridyl)carbamate in lieu of tert-butyl N-(2-pyridyl)carbamate. The mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes to remove the BOC group. Solid sodium carbonate (710 mg, 6.7 mol), 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (786 mg, 2.91 mmol), prepared as described in Example 38, bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (47 mg, 0.087 mmol), and palladium (II) acetate (19.5 mg, 0.087 mmol) were added. The flask was evacuated and then filled with nitrogen three times. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours and then partitioned between water and chloroform. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (×3). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a yellow oil. The oil was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 2 to 45% CMA in chloroform) to provide 180 mg of a yellow resin. This material was purified by IFC (silica gel eluting with 15% CMA in chloroform) to provide 120 mg of product. This material was refluxed in 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (15 mL) then diluted with hexanes (15 mL) and chilled. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 54 mg of a white solid. Analysis by 1H NMR and IR indicated the presence of the biaryl intermediate and a nitrile group. Acetyl chloride (393 mg) and anhydrous ethanol (5 mL) were combined and stirred for 30 minutes. The white solid was added and the mixture was refluxed under nitrogen for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 48 hours; then it was diluted with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with chloroform (×4). The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white solid. This material was dissolved in a minimal amount of dichloromethane and then precipitated with hexanes. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 28 mg of 2-ethyl-1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,7-naphthyridin-4-amine as a white solid, mp>260° C. HRMS (ESI) Cacld for C16H21N5+H 284.1875, found 284.1860.
Example 611
1-(3-Benzenesulfonylpropyl)-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Sodium metal (23 mg, 1 mmol) was added to 25 mL of methanol. After the sodium metal was consumed, methyl acetoacetate (1.16 g, 10 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for 15 minutes. A solution of phenyl vinyl sulfone (1.68 g, 10 mmol) was added dropwise to the solution and maintained for several hours. The slightly yellow solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford a clear oil. The material was purified via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with hexane:ethyl acetate in a gradient from 3:2 to 2:3) to afford 1.40 g of ethyl 2-(2-benzenesulfonylethyl)-3-oxo-butyrate.
Part B
Hydrochloric acid was added (150 mL of 3 N) to a solution of ethyl 2-(2-benzenesulfonylethyl)-3-oxo-butyrate (21.7 g, 76.3 mmol) in 100 mL of ethanol and heated to reflux overnight. The reaction was cooled to ambient temperature and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with several portions of ethyl acetate, and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 16.8 g of 5-benzenesulfonylpentan-2-one as a yellow oil.
Part C
Sodium tert-butoxide (15.4 g, 160 mmol) was combined with ethanol (53 mL) and allowed to stir for 30 minutes. 5-Benzenesulfonylpentan-2-one (16.8 g, 74.2 mmol) and diethyl oxalate (10.1 mL, 74.2 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture in 20 mL of ethanol via an addition funnel. The reaction was maintained for 1 hour and the solution changed in color from orange to red. Potassium acetate (10.9 g, 111 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by addition of acetic acid (37 mL, 2M). The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0° C. and butyl hydrazine oxalate (13.2 g, 74.2 mmol) was added. The resultant slurry was stirred for 2 hours and turned yellow. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with water, and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 11 by addition of sodium carbonate. The reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform while adding additional water to minimize elusion formation. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a red oil. The material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with hexane:ethyl acetate in a gradient from 3:1 to 1:1) to yield 13.3 g of ethyl 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an orange oil.
Part D
Sodium hydroxide (12 mL, 6M) was added to a solution of ethyl 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (13.3 g, 35.1 mmol) in 100 mL of ethanol and heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with 100 mL of water. The aqueous layer was extracted with several portions of ethyl acetate. The pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to approximately 2-3 with aqueous hydrochloric acid and was then extracted with several portions of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers originating from extraction of the aqueous layer were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 10.5 g of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Part E
Oxalyl chloride (7.8 mL, 90.0 mmol) was added slowly via syringe to a solution of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (10.5 g, 30.0 mmol) in 100 mL of dichloromethane containing one drop of DMF. After 2 hours of stirring, saturated ammonium chloride (100 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and the reaction was maintained for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 10.4 g of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part F
Phosphorus oxychloride (25 mL) was added to 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (10.4 g, 30.0 mmol) and heated to 90° C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature and poured into ice water cooled by an ice bath. Additional ice was added to the reaction mixture and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8-9 by addition of 30% saturated aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 8.60 g of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part G
Potassium acetate (3.82 g, 38.9 mmol) was added to a solution of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (8.60 g, 25.9 mmol) in 50 mL of acetic acid. The reaction mixture was stirred until all solids had dissolved, followed by dropwise addition of bromine (1.33 mL, 25.9 mmol) over 5 minutes. The resultant red solution was stirred for 5 hours and aqueous sodium thiosulfate was added to quench excess bromine. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with 200 mL of water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8-9 by slow addition of solid sodium carbonate followed by extraction with several portions of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an orange oil. Purification via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with hexane:ethyl acetate in a gradient from 3:1 to 1:1) afforded 4.80 g of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-4-bromo-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil that crystallized upon standing.
Part H
2-Aminophenyl boronic acid hydrochloride (693 mg, 4.00 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.12 g, 10.0 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-4-bromo-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (550 mg, 1.30 mmol) in 15 mL of toluene in a pressure tube. Nitrogen was bubbled through the resultant slurry for 15 minutes. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (104 mg, 0.10 mmol), bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (65 mg, 0.12 mmol), and 4 angstrom molecular sieves were then added to the reaction mixture. The pressure tube was sealed and heated in a 110° C. oil bath. After 20 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through CELITE filter aid. The filtrate was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to an orange oil. Purification via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with hexane:ethyl acetate in a gradient from 2:1 to 2:3) afforded 550 mg of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a thick pale yellow oil.
Part I
Hydrochloric acid (0.98 mL, 3.90 mmol) in ethanol was added dropwise to a solution of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (550 mg, 1.30 mmol) in 10 mL of ethanol. The resultant solution was stirred for 2 hours, concentrated under reduced pressure, and diluted with water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8-9 by slow addition of solid sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with several portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a pale yellow solid. The material was purified via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with a 97:3 mixture of dichloromethane/methanol) to afford 350 mg of 1-(3-benzenesulfonylpropyl)-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white crystalline solid, mp 206-207° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.87 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (dd, J=1.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=0.9, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 5.37 (br s, 2H), 4.35 (app t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.22 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.40 (qd, J=7.2, 14.6 Hz, 2H), 0.98 (t. J=7.3 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 423 (M+H+); Anal. calcd for C23H26N4O2S: C, 65.38; H, 6.20; N, 13.26. Found: C, 65.40; H, 6.01; N, 13.26.
Example 612
1-(4-Methanesulfonylbutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

2-Aminophenyl boronic acid hydrochloride (9.10 mg, 26.3 mmol) and freshly ground potassium phosphate tribasic (27.8 g, 131 mmol) were added sequentially to a solution of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (8.00 g, 26.3 mmol), prepared as described in Example 46, in 100 mL of toluene in a pressure tube. Nitrogen was bubbled through the resultant slurry for 15 minutes. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (1.36 g, 1.31 mmol), bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (851 mg, 1.58 mmol), and 4 angstrom molecular sieves were then added to the reaction mixture. The pressure tube was sealed and heated in a 110° C. oil bath. After 24 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through CELITE filter aid. The filtrate was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to a red oil. Purification via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 2:1 hexane:ethyl acetate) afforded 7.60 g of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a red oil.
Part B
Hydrochloric acid (18 mL, 71.0 mmol) in ethanol was added dropwise to a solution of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (7.50 g, 23.7 mmol) in 150 mL of ethanol. The resultant solution was heated to reflux overnight, concentrated under reduced pressure, and diluted with water. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 9-10 by slow addition of solid sodium carbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with several portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a reddish solid. The material was purified via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with a 96:4 mixture of dichloromethane/methanol) to afford 4.78 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part C
Sodium thiomethoxide (0.3 g, 3.79 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.0 g, 3.16 mmol) in 15 mL of DMF and heated for 3 hours at 80° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with dichloromethane, and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with several additional portions of dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were washed with water, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to afford 1.04 g of 1-(4-methylthiobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow solid.
Part D
3-Chloroperoxybenozic acid (mCPBA) (75% pure, 1.60 g, 6.97 mmol, 2.2 eq) was added portion wise to a solution of 1-(4-methylthiobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.04 g, 3.16 mmol) in 50 mL of chloroform over several minutes. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and became darker red in color. The mixture was then washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was further extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a dark oil. The material was purified via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with dichloromethane/methanol in a gradient from 97:3 to 93:7), diluted with acetonitrile, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and purified a second time via flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with dichloromethane/methanol in a gradient from 97:3 to 93:7). The product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to afford 960 mg of 1-(4-methanesulfonylbutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a yellow crystalline solid, mp 155-157° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.73 (dd, J=1.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dt, J=1.2, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dt, J=1.2, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (br s, 2H), 4.31 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.07 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.12-1.93 (m, 6H), 1.02 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 361 (M+H+); Anal. calcd for C18H24N4O2S (containing 0.5 CH3CN): C, 59.90; H, 6.75; N, 16.54. Found: C, 59.89; H, 6.83; N, 16.77.
Example 613
Alternative preparation of 1-(4-Aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Using the method of Example 593, the protecting groups were removed from di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (0.368 mg), prepared as described in Example 598. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient of 95:5 to 8:2) to provide 0.0993 g of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 156.0-157.0° C. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (s, 2H), 4.34 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.67-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.57 (m, 4H), 0.92 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 298 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C17H23N5.0.3H2O: C, 67.43; H, 7.86; N, 23.13. Found: C, 67.61; H, 7.98; N, 23.20.
Example 614
2-Propyl-1-[4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Using the general method of Example 598 Part C, di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (1.50 g, 3.01 mmol), prepared as described in Example 598, was reacted with acetone to form an imine intermediate and the imine was treated with α-chloroacetaldoxime. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 40 to 80% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 0.66 g of di(tert-butyl) 2-propyl-1-[4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a white solid.
Part B
The Boc protecting groups were removed from the material from Part A by acid hydrolysis as described in Example 598 Part D. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with 9:1 chloroform/CMA) and dried under high vacuum at 65° C. to provide 0.0874 g of 2-propyl-1-[4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 144.0-146.0° C.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.77 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 4.22 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.63-1.77 (m, 7H), 1.32 (s, 6H), 0.93 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 395 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C22H30N6O.0.3H2O: C, 66.07; H, 7.71; N, 21.01. Found: C, 65.82; H, 7.74; N, 20.90.
Example 615
1-Pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (19.45 g, 61.39 mmol), prepared as described in Example 46, platinum oxide (10.00 g) and trifluoroacetic acid (200 mL) was placed under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE filter aid. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a dark oil. The oil was chilled in an ice bath, ice was added, and the mixture was made basic (pH 14) by the addition of 1 N potassium hydroxide. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration and then dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was washed sequentially with 1 N potassium hydroxide, water, and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dried under vacuum for 2 days to provide 18.0 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as an oil.
Part B
Using the method of Example 57 Part A, the material from Part A was reacted with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (49 g, 4 eq) to provide a quantitative yield of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a black oil.
Part C
Using the method of Example 57 Part B, the material from Part B was reacted with potassium acetate (11.0 g, 2.0 eq) to provide 29.25 g of 4-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl}butyl acetate as a black oil.
Part D
Using the method of Example 57 Part C, the acetate protecting group was removed from the material from Part C to provide 24.2 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a brown solid.
Part E
The material from Part D was oxidized using the method of Example 57 Part D. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with 1:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) and dried under vacuum at ambient temperature over the weekend to provide 15.5 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-oxobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as an amber, glassy, semi-solid.
Part F
Using the method of Example 58 Part E, the material from Part E was reacted with freshly prepared diethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate (10.22 g, 1.5 eq) to provide 15.33 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a tan solid.
Part G
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of a portion (0.75 g) of the material from Part F in 6 M hydrochloric acid in ethanol (10 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1.7 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with 1 N potassium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 5-20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.327 g of a tan solid. This material was twice triturated with boiling diethyl ether and isolated by filtration to provide 0.2823 g of 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 167.0-169.0° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.25 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.81-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.00 (t, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.81-1.87 (m, 6H), 0.97 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 297 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C18H24N4.0.3H2O: C, 71.63; H, 8.22; N, 18.56. Found: C, 71.60; H, 7.96; N, 18.71.
Example 616
1-[3-(3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Using the method of Example 595 Part B, di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (4.00 g, 8.05 mmol), prepared as described in Example 615, was reacted with α-chloroacetaldoxime (1.13 g, 12.1 mmol). The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 20-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 1.55 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a glassy solid.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of the material from Part A in 6 M hydrochloric acid in ethanol (10 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with 1 N potassium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dried under vacuum over the weekend and then triturated with a mixture of hexanes and diethyl ether. The resulting solid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide 0.3342 g of 1-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 144.0-145.0° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.86 (s, 1H), 5.06 (bs, 2H), 4.17 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.86 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.84 (m, 4H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 354 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C20H27N5O: C, 67.96; H, 7.70; N, 19.81. Found: C, 67.67; H, 7.83; N, 19.68.
Example 617
1-[3-(3-Phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (4.00 g, 8.05 mmol), prepared as described in Example 615, α-chlorobenzaldoxime (2.51 g, 16.1 mmol), prepared as described in Example 596, anhydrous triethylamine (1.7 mL, 12.1 mmol), and anhydrous dichloromethane (25 mL) was heated at 40° C. for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed sequentially with potassium carbonate, water, and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was loaded onto a silica gel column (250 g) and eluted with a gradient of 30-40% ethyl acetate in hexanes. The fractions containing product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 2.97 g of di(tert-butyl) 1-[3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate as a pale yellow solid.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of the material from Part A in 6 M hydrochloric acid in ethanol (20 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1.7 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with 1 N potassium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1.75 g of a yellow solid. This material was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 10-20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 1.324 g of product. This material was triturated twice with hot diethyl ether to provide 0.85 g of a pale yellow solid. The solid was recrystallized twice from ethanol to provide 1-[3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 154.0-155.0° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.49 (m, 3H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 5.01 (bs, 2H), 4.19 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.73 (m, 2H), 2.09 (p, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.80-1.84 (m, 4H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 416 (M+H)+.
Example 618
2-Propyl-1-[3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, N-chlorosuccinimide (2.1 g, 16 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-pyridine aldoxime (2.0 g, 16 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours. A solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (4.00 g, 8.05 mmol), prepared as described in Example 615, and anhydrous triethylamine (2.5 mL, 18 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added and the reaction solution was heated at 60° C. for 18 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a black oil. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed sequentially with potassium carbonate, water, and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 20-80% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 1.0877 g of di(tert-butyl) 2-propyl-1-[3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of the material from Part A in 6 M hydrochloric acid in ethanol (20 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic with 1 N potassium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, elution with a gradient of 5-20% CMA in chloroform) to provide 0.385 g of product. This material was triturated twice with hot diethyl ether to provide 0.2185 g of 2-propyl-1-[3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white solid, mp 168.0-170.0° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.98-9.01 (md, 1H), 8.68-8.7 (mt, 1H), 8.11-8.15 (md, 1H), 7.38-7.43 (m, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.17 (bs, 2H), 4.20 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.11 (p, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.70-1.89 (m, 4H), 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (APCI) m/z 417 (M+H)+; Anal. calcd for C24H29N6O.0.6H2O: C, 67.46; H, 6.89; N, 19.67. Found: C, 67.19; H, 6.61; N, 19.65.
Examples 619-643
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (32 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 615 Part A) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 90° C. for approximately 16 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Exam-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)





619
None- starting material




321.1830


 


620
Pyrrolidine




356.2833


 


621
Piperidine




370.2978


 


622
Morpholine




372.2796


 


623
Hexamethyl- eneimine




384.3158


 


624
3- Hydroxypiperidine




386.2952


 


625
4- Hydroxypiperidine




386.2952


 


626
Thiomorpholine




388.2558


 


627
1-Methylpiperazine




385.3067


 


628
3- (Dimethylamino) pyrrolidine




399.3262


 


629
N,N′-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine




399.3273


 


630
N-Methylhomo- piperazine




399.3264


 


631
3-(Hydroxymethyl) piperidine




400.3107


 


632
Isonipecotamide




413.3041


 


633
Nipecotamide




413.3047


 


634
1-Acetylpiperazine




413.3029


 


635
bis(2-Methoxyethyl) amine




418.3217


 


636
2-(2- Methylaminoethyl) pyridine




421.3109


 


637
1-(2-Methoxyethyl) piperazine




429.3309


 


638
4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)- piperidine




439.3506


 


639
4-Phenylpiperidine




446.3255


 


640
1-(2-Pyridyl) piperazine




448.3183


 


641
1-(4-Pyridyl)- piperazine




448.3232


 


642
1-(2-Pyrimidyl) piperazine




449.3107


 


643
4-Chlorophenol




413.2120









Examples 644-700
Part A
A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (3 g, prepared as described in Example 19), platinum (IV) oxide (3 g), and trifluoroacetic acid (50 mL) was placed under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) on a Parr shaker for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent and the filter cake was rinsed with dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was made basic (pH 14) by the addition of 50% sodium hydroxide and then extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate and then purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 70:30) to provide 1.75 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a light yellow solid.
Part B
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (31 mg, 0.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 70° C. for approximately 17 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Exam-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)





644
None- starting material




307.1694


 


645
Pyrrolidine




342.2682


 


646
Piperidine




356.2845


 


647
Morpholine




358.2638


 


648
Thiazolidine




360.2237


 


649
1- Methylpiperazine




371.2937


 


650
4-Hydroxy- piperidine




372.2795


 


651
3- (Dimethylamino) pyrrolidine




385.3103


 


652
N,N′-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine




385.3098


 


653
N-Ethylpiperazine




385.3092


 


654
N-Methylhomo- piperazine




385.3118


 


655
2-Piperidine- methanol




386.2896


 


656
3- (Hydroxymethyl) piperidine




386.2888


 


657
4- (Hydroxymethyl) piperidine




386.2893


 


658
N-Methyl- benzylamine




392.2845


 


659
Isonipecotamide




399.2902


 


660
Nipecotamide




399.2894


 


661
(3S)-(−)-3- Acetamido- pyrrolidine




399.2876


 


662
1- Acetylpiperazine




399.2906


 


663
1-Methyl-4- (Methylamino) piperidine




399.3218


 


664
2- Piperidineethanol




400.3098


 


665
4- Piperidineethanol




400.3116


 


666
N-(2- Hydroxyethyl) piperazine




401.3050


 


667
1,2,3,4- Tetrahydro- isoquinoline




404.2845


 


668
(R)-(+)-N- Methyl-1- Phenylethylamine




406.3002


 


669
(S)-(−)-N- Methyl-1- Phenylethylamine




406.3007


 


670
4- (Ethylamino- methyl)pyridine




407.2958


 


671
4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)- piperidine




425.3405


 


672
1-(2-Ethoxyethyl) piperazine




429.3372


 


673
1- Phenylpiperazine




433.3121


 


674
1-(2-Pyridyl) piperazine




434.3068


 


675
1-(4-Pyridyl)- piperazine




434.3066


 


676
1-(2-Pyrimdyl) piperazine




435.3006


 


677
4-Piper- idinopiperidine




439.3589


 


678
4- Benzylpiperidine




446.3323


 


679
4-Hydroxy-4- phenylpiperidine




448.3083


 


680
1-(2-Furoyl) piperazine




451.2848


 


681
Phenol




365.2370


 


682
2-Cyanophenol




390.2276


 


683
3-Cyanophenol




390.2332


 


684
4-Cyanophenol




390.2289


 


685
3-Methoxyphenol




395.2413


 


686
4-Methoxyphenol




395.2477


 


687
Guaiacol




395.2485


 


688
2-Chlorophenol




399.1955


 


689
3-Chlorophenol




399.1946


 


690
4-Chlorophenol




399.1913


 


691
4-Hydroxy- benzamide




408.2427


 


692
Salicylamide




408.2430


 


693
2- Acetamidophenol




422.2584


 


694
3- Acetamidophenol




422.2597


 


695
4-Hydroxyphenyl- acetamide




422.2587


 


696
Acetaminophen




422.2594


 


697
2- Dimethylamino- methylphenol




422.2943


 


698
4- Dimethylamino- methylphenol




422.2960


 


699
3,4- Dichlorophenol




433.1546


 


700
4-Hydroxy- benzene- sulfonamide




444.2099









Examples 701-775
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (32 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 46) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 85° C. for approximately 18 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Exam-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)





701
None- starting material




317.1542


 


702
2-(Methylamino) ethanol




356.2476


 


703
Piperidine




366.2679


 


704
(R)-3-Hydroxy- pyrrolidine




368.2467


 


705
Morpholine




368.2443


 


706
2-Ethylamino- ethanol




370.2610


 


707
1- Methylpiperazine




381.2777


 


708
4-Hydroxy- piperidine




382.2585


 


709
3-Hydroxy- piperidine




382.2575


 


710
Thiomorpholine




384.2242


 


711
N-Methylfurfuryl- amine




392.2450


 


712
N-Methylcyclo- hexylamine




394.2995


 


713
N- Propylcyclo- propanemethyl- amine




394.3004


 


714
N,N′-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine




395.2964


 


715
N-Ethylpiperazine




395.2957


 


716
N-Methylhomo- piperazine




395.2915


 


717
2,6-Dimethyl- morpholine




396.2796


 


718
3- (Hydroxymethyl)- piperidine




396.2732


 


719
4- (Hydroxymethyl)- piperidine




396.2764


 


720
N-Ethylaniline




402.2686


 


721
N-Methylbenzyl- amine




402.2680


 


722
1- Acetylpiperazine




409.2697


 


723
Isonipecotamide




409.2709


 


724
Nipecotamide




409.2695


 


725
1-Methyl-4- (methylamino) piperidine




409.3067


 


726
2- Piperidineethanol




410.2938


 


727
4- Piperidineethanol




410.2953


 


728
N- (2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine




411.2862


 


729
N-Methyl- phenethylamine




416.2831


 


730
2-(2-Methyl- aminoethyl) pyridine




417.2759


 


731
4-(Ethyl- aminomethyl) pyridine




417.2796


 


732
2-Amino-1- phenylethanol




432.2751


 


733
1-(2-Ethoxyethyl) piperazine




439.3194


 


734
1- Phenylpiperazine




443.2926


 


735
1-(2-Pyridyl) piperazine




444.2854


 


736
4-Piperidino- piperidine




449.3390


 


737
4- Benzylpiperidine




456.3132


 


738
4-Hydoxy-4- phenylpiperidine




458.2898


 


739
1-(2-Furoyl) piperazine




461.2658


 


740
N-Isopropyl-1- piperazine- acetamide




466.3321


 


741
Dibenzylamine




478.3015


 


742
2,2′- Dipicolylamine




480.2880


 


743
Phenol




375.2155


 


744
m-Cresol




389.2325


 


745
o-Cresol




389.2318


 


746
p-Cresol




389.2358


 


747
2-Fluorophenol




393.2096


 


748
3-Fluorophenol




393.2087


 


749
4-Fluorophenol




393.2070


 


750
2-Cyanophenol




400.2164


 


751
3-Cyanophenol




400.2127


 


752
4-Cyanophenol




400.2151


 


753
2,4- Dimethylphenol




403.2482


 


754
3,4- Dimethylphenol




403.2458


 


755
3-Methoxyphenol




405.2332


 


756
2-Methoxyphenol




405.2296


 


757
4-Methoxyphenol




405.2310


 


758
2-Chlorophenol




409.1817


 


759
3-Chlorophenol




409.1787


 


760
4-Chlorophenol




409.1805


 


761
4-Hydroxy- benzamide




418.2222


 


762
Salicylamide




418.2272


 


763
3-Dimethyl- aminophenol




418.2630


 


764
3-tert- Butylphenol




431.2794


 


765
4- Hydroxyphenyl- acetamide




432.2422


 


766
4- Acetamidophenol




432.2377


 


767
2- Acetamidophenol




432.2415


 


768
3- Acetamidophenol




432.2396


 


769
2- Dimethylamino- methylphenol




432.2734


 


770
3- Hydroxybenzo- trifluoride




443.2042


 


771
4- Hydroxybenzo- trifluoride




443.2050


 


772
2,3- Dichlorophenol




443.1438


 


773
2,4- Dichlorophenol




443.1372


 


774
2,5- Dichlorophenol




443.1427


 


775
3,4- Dichlorophenol




443.1422









Examples 776-799
Part A
Platinum (IV) oxide (4 g) was added to a solution of 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (approximately 24 mmol, prepared as described in Part A of Examples 349-453) in trifluoroacetic acid (80 mL), and the mixture was shaken under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) for two days and subsequently filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent. The filter cake was washed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water (10 mL) was added, and the resulting solution was adjusted to pH 14 with the addition of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part B
A reagent (0.048 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-ethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (12.5 mg, 0.044 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 15 mL, 2 equivalents) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for four hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Exam-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)





776
Acetyl chloride




330.2275


 


777
Cyclopropane- carbonyl chloride




356.2417


 


778
Isobutyryl chloride




358.2600


 


779
Cyclopentane- carbonyl chloride




384.2771


 


780
Cyclohexane- carbonyl chloride




398.2882


 


781
Phenylacetyl chloride




406.2586


 


782
3- (Trifluoromethyl) benzoyl chloride




460.2296


 


783
1- Propanesulfonyl chloride




394.2255


 


784
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




394.2260


 


785
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




408.2441


 


786
Trifluoro- methanesulfonyl chloride




420.1678


 


787
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




428.2078


 


788
2,2,2- Trifluoro- ethanesulfonyl chloride




434.1819


 


789
alpha- Toluenesulfonyl chloride




442.2266


 


790
Ethyl isocyanate




359.2540


 


791
Isopropyl isocyanate




373.2689


 


792
N- Propyl isocyanate




373.2713


 


793
N- Butyl isocyanate




387.2856


 


794
Cyclopentyl isocyanate




399.2846


 


795
Phenyl isocyanate




407.2519


 


796
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




413.3038


 


797
p-Tolyl isocyanate




421.2720


 


798
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




437.2661


 


799
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




441.2194









Examples 800-819
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride (27.6 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Part A of Examples 579-581) and potassium carbonate (55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





800
None-starting
—H
241.1441



material


 


801
1-Bromopentane




311.2222


 


802
2-Iodoethanol




285.1711


 


803
1-Iodobutane




297.2054


 


804
2-Iodobutane




297.2053


 


805
1-(3- Bromopropyl)pyrrole




348.2174


 


806
2-Cyclohexylethyl bromide




351.2527


 


807
2-Cyanobenzyl bromide




356.1855


 


808
2-Bromoacetophenone




359.1871


 


809
1-Bromo-3- Phenylpropane




359.2220


 


810
3-Chlorobenzyl bromide




365.1521


 


811
4-Chlorobenzyl bromide




365.1548


 


812
2,6-Difluorobenzyl bromide




367.1742


 


813
2-Bromo-4′- methylacetophenone




373.1996


 


814
2-Bromo-4′- fluoroacetophenone




377.1789


 


815
4-Cyanophenacyl bromide




384.1801


 


816
2-Bromo-3′- Methoxyacetophenone




389.2006


 


817
2-Bromo-4′- Methoxyacetophenone




389.1953


 


818
2,6-Dichlorobenzyl bromide




399.1115


 


819
3,4-Dichlorobenzyl bromide




399.1170









Examples 820-904
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride (34 mg, 0.098 mmol, prepared as described in Parts A through H of Example 51) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 70 μl, 4 equivalents) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for six hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Example
Reagent
R
Mass (M + H)





820
None-starting material




270.1707


 


821
Acetyl chloride




312.1855


 


822
Propionyl chloride




326.1965


 


823
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




338.1994


 


824
Butyryl chloride




340.2110


 


825
Methoxyacetyl chloride




342.1953


 


826
Pivaloyl chloride




354.2304


 


827
Benzoyl chloride




374.1986


 


828
Cyclopentylacetyl chloride




380.2487


 


829
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




380.2419


 


830
m-Toluoyl chloride




388.2146


 


831
Phenylacetyl chloride




388.2168


 


832
3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




392.1925


 


833
4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




392.1896


 


834
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




399.1963


 


835
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




402.2307


 


836
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




404.2108


 


837
p-Anisoyl chloride




404.2093


 


838
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




408.1565


 


839
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




408.1616


 


840
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




375.1937


 


841
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




375.1913


 


842
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




375.1948


 


843
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




414.2304


 


844
3-Dimethylaminobenzoyl chloride




417.2423


 


845
4-Chlorophenylacetyl chloride




422.1747


 


846
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride




442.1840


 


847
3,4-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride




442.1196


 


848
4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride




458.1784


 


849
Methanesulfonyl chloride




348.1522


 


850
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




362.1672


 


851
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




376.1812


 


852
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




376.1808


 


853
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




377.1767


 


854
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




390.2003


 


855
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




402.1206


 


856
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




410.1689


 


857
1-Methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride




414.1732


 


858
2,2,2-Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




416.1376


 


859
2-Thiophenesulfonyl chloride




416.1233


 


860
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




424.1842


 


861
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




428.1556


 


862
4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




428.1568


 


863
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




435.1585


 


864
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




435.1617


 


865
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




440.1798


 


866
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




440.1721


 


867
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.1277


 


868
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.1272


 


869
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.1278


 


870
3- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




478.1482


 


871
4- (Trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride




478.1519


 


872
2,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




478.0887


 


873
2,6-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




478.0858


 


874
3,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




478.0838


 


875
3,5-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




478.0890


 


876
Methyl isocyanate




327.1915


 


877
Ethyl isocyanate




341.2110


 


878
Isopropyl isocyanate




355.2263


 


879
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




369.1870


 


880
Pentyl isocyanate




383.2596


 


881
Isobutyl isothiocyanate




385.2207


 


882
Phenyl isocyanate




389.2116


 


883
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




395.2597


 


884
Benzyl isocyanate




403.2283


 


885
m-Tolyl isocyanate




403.2268


 


886
o-Tolyl isocyanate




403.2238


 


887
Phenyl isothiocyanate




405.1867


 


888
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




406.1828


 


889
2-Phenethyl isocyanate




417.2416


 


890
2-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




419.2187


 


891
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




419.2167


 


892
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




423.1716


 


893
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




423.1736


 


894
4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




423.1716


 


895
3,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate




425.1877


 


896
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




429.2428


 


897
3-Carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate




447.2178


 


898
3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl isocyanate




449.2318


 


899
3,5-Dimethoxylphenyl isocyanate




449.2270


 


900
2-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl isocyanate




473.1876


 


901
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




341.2104


 


902
2-Oxo-1-imidazolidinecarbonyl chloride




382.1967


 


903
4-Methyl-1-piperazinecarbonyl chloride




396.2530


 


904
N-Methyl-N-Phenylcarbamoyl chloride




403.2245









Examples 905-941
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (31 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 19) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 50° C. for approximately 18 hours and then at 85° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





905
None-starting material




303.1352


 


906
2-(Methylamino)ethanol




342.2295


 


907
Cyclopentylamine




352.2509


 


908
Piperidine




352.2497


 


909
(R)-3- Hydroxypyrrolidine




354.2297


 


910
Morpholine




354.2301


 


911
Thiazolidine




356.1942


 


912
Cyclohexylamine




366.2661


 


913
1-Methylpiperazine




367.2617


 


914
4-Hydroxypiperidine




368.2452


 


915
Thiomorpholine




370.2053


 


916
Diethanolamine




372.2402


 


917
3-Picolylamine




375.2289


 


918
N-Methylfurfurylamine




378.2289


 


919
N-Ethylpiperazine




381.2749


 


920
N-Methylhomopiperazine




381.2764


 


921
2,6-Dimethylmorpholine




382.2625


 


922
N,N-Dimethyl-N′- ethylethylenediamine




383.2944


 


923
N-Methylbenzylamine




388.2493


 


924
3- Azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane




392.2816


 


925
1-Acetylpiperazine




395.2555


 


926
Isonipecotamide




395.2561


 


927
1-Methyl-4- (methylamino)piperidine




395.2888


 


928
4-Piperidineethanol




396.2765


 


929
4-(2- Aminoethyl)morpholine




397.2720


 


930
N-(2- Hydroxyethyl)piperazine




397.2731


 


931
bis(2- Methoxyethyl)amine




400.2716


 


932
1,2,3,4- Tetrahydroisoquinoline




400.2487


 


933
1,1- Dioxidotetrahydrothien- 3-ylamine




402.1963


 


934
Methyl isonipecotate




410.2554


 


935
N-(3- Aminopropyl)morpholine




411.2876


 


936
4-(1-Pyrrolindinyl)- piperidine




421.3071


 


937
1-(2- Ethoxyethyl)piperazine




425.3028


 


938
1-Phenylpiperazine




429.2729


 


939
1-(2-Pyridyl)piperazine




430.2732


 


940
4-Benyzylpiperidine




442.2974


 


941
1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine




447.2495









Examples 942-1019
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (27 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 589) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 34 μL, 2 equivalents) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 16 hours. Water (50 μL) was added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Example
Reagent
R
Mass (M + H)













942
None-starting material




274.2038


 


943
Propionyl chloride




330.2314


 


944
Methyl chloroformate




332.2068


 


945
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




342.2281


 


946
Butyryl chloride




344.2462


 


947
Isobutyryl chloride




344.2468


 


948
Methoxyacetyl chloride




346.2242


 


949
Methyl chlorothiolformate




348.1872


 


950
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




356.2471


 


951
Isovaleryl chloride




358.2617


 


952
Cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride




370.2637


 


953
Benzoyl chloride




378.2315


 


954
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




384.2777


 


955
2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




396.2228


 


956
3-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




396.2219


 


957
4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride




396.2228


 


958
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




403.2255


 


959
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




403.2274


 


960
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




406.2613


 


961
2-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




408.2415


 


962
3-Methoxybenzoyl chloride




408.2403


 


963
p-Anisoyl chloride




408.2409


 


964
2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




412.1929


 


965
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




412.1936


 


966
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




412.1929


 


967
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2263


 


968
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2217


 


969
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




379.2234


 


970
Methanesulfonyl chloride




352.1825


 


971
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




366.1987


 


972
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




380.2142


 


973
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




380.2150


 


974
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




381.2038


 


975
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




394.2293


 


976
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




414.1946


 


977
1-Methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride




418.2022


 


978
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




420.1650


 


979
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




428.2090


 


980
o-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




428.2122


 


981
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




428.2105


 


982
2-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




432.1891


 


983
3-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




432.1877


 


984
4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




432.1838


 


985
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




439.1921


 


986
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




439.1921


 


987
3-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.2036


 


988
4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




444.2082


 


989
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




448.1583


 


990
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




448.1584


 


991
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




448.1583


 


992
Methyl isocyanate




331.2276


 


993
Ethyl isocyanate




345.2416


 


994
Isopropyl isocyanate




359.2588


 


995
N-Propyl isocyanate




359.2568


 


996
Isopropyl isothiocyanate




375.2342


 


997
Cyclopentyl isocyanate




385.2722


 


998
Cyclopropylmethyl isothiocyanate




387.2356


 


999
Phenyl isocyanate




393.2427


 


1000
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




399.2901


 


1001
Benzyl isocyanate




407.2578


 


1002
m-Tolyl isocyanate




407.2584


 


1003
o-Tolyl isocyanate




407.2581


 


1004
p-Tolyl isocyanate




407.2563


 


1005
Phenyl isothiocyanate




409.2182


 


1006
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




410.2164


 


1007
2-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




423.2523


 


1008
3-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




423.2486


 


1009
4-Methoxyphenyl isocyanate




423.2512


 


1010
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




427.2027


 


1011
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




427.2027


 


1012
4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




427.2030


 


1013
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




433.2676


 


1014
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




345.2416


 


1015
1-Pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride




371.2584


 


1016
2-Oxo-1-imidazolidinecarbonyl chloride




386.2310


 


1017
4-Morpholinylcarbonyl chloride




387.2515


 


1018
4-Methyl-1-Piperazinecarbonyl chloride




400.2810


 


1019
N-Methyl-N-Phenylcarbamoyl chloride




407.2577









Examples 1020-1097
A reagent (0.12 mmol, 1.2 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine tris-trifluoroacetate (64 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 578) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 90 μL, 5 equivalents) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 16 hours. Water (30 μL) was added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





1020
None-starting material




302.2356


 


1021
Methyl chloroformate




360.2431


 


1022
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




370.2581


 


1023
Butryrl chloride




372.2793


 


1024
Isobutyryl chloride




372.2797


 


1025
Ethyl chloroformate




374.2581


 


1026
Methoxyacetyl chloride




374.2524


 


1027
Methyl chlorothiolformate




376.2200


 


1028
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




384.2800


 


1029
Isovaleryl chloride




386.2942


 


1030
Pentanoyl chloride




386.2930


 


1031
Pivaloyl chloride




386.2955


 


1032
tert-Butylacetyl chloride




400.3100


 


1033
Benzoyl chloride




406.2637


 


1034
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




412.3082


 


1035
3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




431.2566


 


1036
4-Cyanobenzoyl chloride




431.2582


 


1037
Cinnamoyl chloride




432.2789


 


1038
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




434.2884


 


1039
2-Methoxylbenzoyl chloride




436.2724


 


1040
2-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




440.2225


 


1041
3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




440.2231


 


1042
4-Chlorobenzoyl chloride




440.2261


 


1043
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




407.2575


 


1044
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




407.2576


 


1045
Picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride




407.2582


 


1046
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




446.2876


 


1047
Methanesulfonyl chloride




380.2112


 


1048
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




394.2269


 


1049
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




408.2450


 


1050
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




408.2448


 


1051
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




409.2384


 


1052
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




422.2617


 


1053
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




442.2272


 


1054
1-Methylimidazole-4- sulfonyl chloride




446.2353


 


1055
3- Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride




456.2474


 


1056
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




456.2435


 


1057
o-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




456.2475


 


1058
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




456.2390


 


1059
3-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




467.2200


 


1060
4-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl chloride




467.2187


 


1061
3- Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




472.2384


 


1062
4- Methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride




472.2398


 


1063
2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




476.1908


 


1064
3-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




476.1861


 


1065
4-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride




476.1846


 


1066
1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




492.2451


 


1067
2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride




492.2414


 


1068
N-Acetylsulfanilyl chloride




499.2519


 


1069
Methyl isocyanate




359.2596


 


1070
Ethyl isocyanate




373.2702


 


1071
Isopropyl isocyanate




387.2855


 


1072
N-Propyl isocyanate




387.2852


 


1073
N-Butyl isocyanate




401.3009


 


1074
sec-Butyl isocyanate




401.3026


 


1075
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




401.2458


 


1076
Cyclopentyl isocyanate




413.2993


 


1077
Cyclopropylmethyl isothiocyanate




415.2605


 


1078
Phenyl isocyanate




421.2702


 


1079
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




427.3229


 


1080
m-Tolyl isocyanate




435.2876


 


1081
Phenyl isothiocyanate




437.2459


 


1082
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




438.2480


 


1083
2-Tetrahydrofurfuryl isothiocyanate




445.2741


 


1084
Benzoyl isocyanate




449.2674


 


1085
2-Phenylethyl isocyanate




449.3064


 


1086
2-Methoxylphenyl isocyanate




451.2864


 


1087
3-Methoxylphenyl isocyanate




451.2798


 


1088
4-Methoxylphenyl isocyanate




451.2860


 


1089
3-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




455.2350


 


1090
4-Chlorophenyl isocyanate




455.2345


 


1091
trans-2- Phenylcyclopropyl isocyanate




461.3076


 


1092
3-Carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate




479.2800


 


1093
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride




373.2736


 


1094
1-Pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride




399.2891


 


1095
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride




413.2986


 


1096
4-Morpholinecarbonyl chloride




415.2802


 


1097
4-Methyl-1- Piperazinecarbonyl chloride




428.3176









Examples 1098-1115
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-aminobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (30 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 577) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 36 μL, 2 equivalents) in chloroform (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 4 hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





1098
None-starting material




298.2036


 


1099
Propionyl chloride




354.2326


 


1100
Cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride




380.2464


 


1101
Benzoyl chloride




402.2332


 


1102
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




408.2801


 


1103
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




403.2280


 


1104
Methanesulfonyl chloride




376.1839


 


1105
Propanesulfonyl chloride




404.2154


 


1106
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




404.2087


 


1107
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




405.2098


 


1108
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




438.1996


 


1109
1-Methylimidazole-4- sulfonyl chloride




442.2025


 


1110
2,2,2- Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




444.1700


 


1111
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




397.2207


 


1112
Cyclopentyl isocyanate




409.2737


 


1113
Phenyl isocyanate




417.2438


 


1114
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




423.2903


 


1115
3-Pyridyl isothiocyanate




434.2153









Examples 1116-1129
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (32 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in Example 64) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 27 μL, 1.5 equivalents) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 4 hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured





Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





1116
None-starting material




298.2029


 


1117
Acetyl chloride




340.2144


 


1118
Benzoyl chloride




402.2336


 


1119
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




430.2639


 


1120
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




403.2256


 


1121
trans-2-Phenyl-1- cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




442.2607


 


1122
Methanesulfonyl chloride




376.1814


 


1123
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




405.2071


 


1124
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




438.1994


 


1125
alpha- Toluenesulfonyl chloride




452.2145


 


1126
Isopropyl isocyanate




383.2566


 


1127
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




397.2189


 


1128
Phenyl isocyanate




417.2445


 


1129
N-Methyl-N- Phenylcarbamoyl chloride




431.2592









Examples 1130-1176
Part A
A mixture of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride (2.8 g, prepared as described in Examples 454-488), platinum (IV) oxide (2.1 g), and trifluoroacetic acid (43 mL) was placed under hydrogen pressure (50 psi, 3.4×105 Pa) on a Parr shaker for 2 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent and the filter cake was rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water (10 mL), made basic (pH 14) by the addition of 50% sodium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge eluting with chloroform/CMA in a gradient from 100:0 to 80:20) to provide 2.0 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a light yellow solid.
Part B
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (29 mg, 0.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 70° C. (amines) or 85° C. (phenols) for approximately 17 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured


Example
Reagent
R
Mass (M + H)





1130
None-starting material




293.1557


 


1131
Pyrrolidine




328.2524


 


1132
Piperidine




342.2643


 


1133
Morpholine




344.2464


 


1134
2-Ethylaminoethanol




346.2614


 


1135
3-Hydroxypiperidine




358.2613


 


1136
4-Hydroxypiperidine




358.2633


 


1137
3-(Dimethylamino)pyrrolidine




371.2914


 


1138
N-Methylhomopiperazine




371.2959


 


1139
2-Piperidinemethanol




372.2749


 


1140
3-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine




372.2794


 


1141
4-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine




372.2793


 


1142
N-Methylbenzylamine




378.2680


 


1143
Isonipecotamide




385.2697


 


1144
(3S)-(−)-3- Acetamidopyrrolidine




385.2710


 


1145
1-Acetylpiperazine




385.2723


 


1146
2-Piperidineethanol




386.2931


 


1147
4-Piperidmeethanol




386.2928


 


1148
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine




387.2910


 


1149
4-(Ethylaminomethyl)pyridine




393.2790


 


1150
1-(2-Methoxyethyl)piperazine




401.3011


 


1151
4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)-piperidine




411.3260


 


1152
1-(2-Ethoxyethyl)piperazine




415.3208


 


1153
1-Phenylpiperazine




419.2944


 


1154
1-(2-Pyridyl)piperazine




420.2886


 


1155
4-Piperidinopiperidine




425.3397


 


1156
1- Hydroxyethylethoxypiperazine




431.3148


 


1157
1-(2-Furoyl)piperazine




437.2685


 


1158
2-Piperidin-1-ylmethyl- piperidine




439.3556


 


1159
1-Cinnamylpiperazine




459.3239


 


1160
1-Phenyl-1,3,8- triazospiro[4.5]decan-4-one




488.3132


 


1161
Phenol




351.2188


 


1162
2-Cyanophenol




376.2125


 


1163
3-Cyanophenol




376.2157


 


1164
4-Cyanophenol




376.2140


 


1165
3-Methoxyphenol




381.2270


 


1166
4-Methoxyphenol




381.2278


 


1167
Guaiacol




381.2270


 


1168
2-Chlorophenol




385.1785


 


1169
4-Chlorophenol




385.1780


 


1170
4-Hydroxybenzamide




394.2255


 


1171
3-Dimethylaminophenol




394.2589


 


1172
2,4-Dichlorophenol




419.1378


 


1173
2,5-Dichlorophenol




419.1363


 


1174
3,4-Dichlorophenol




419.1374


 


1175
3,5-Dichlorophenol




419.1381


 


1176
4- Hydroxybenzenesulfonamide




430.1886









Examples 1177-1191
Part A
DMF (50 mL) was added to a mixture of 1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (3 g, 12.5 mmol, prepared as described in Example 9), 4-bromobutylphthalimide (3.9 g, 13.7 mmol), and potassium carbonate (5.2 g, 37.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere for about 18 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove excess potassium carbonate. The filtrate was diluted with water and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, eluting first with ethyl acetate and then with a gradient of methanol in ethyl acetate) to provide 2.0 g of 2-{4-[4-amino-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-2-yl]butyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione.
Part B
The material from Part A was combined with hydrazine monohydrate (1.1 mL. 5 eq) and ethanol (100 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.8 g of 2-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part C
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 2-(4-aminobutyl)-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (31 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 35 μL, 2 equivalents) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 16 hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 










Ex-


Measured


am-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)













1177
None- starting material




312.2203


 


1178
Acetyl chloride




354.2316


 


1179
Benzoyl chloride




416.2444


 


1180
Hydrocinnamoyl chloride




444.2769


 


1181
Nicontinoyl chloride hydrochloride




417.2406


 


1182
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




418.2296


 


1183
Dimethylsulfamoyl chloride




419.2213


 


1184
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride




444.1689


 


1185
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




452.2150


 


1186
alpha-Toluenesulfonyl chloride




466.2242


 


1187
Ethyl isocyanate




383.2586


 


1188
Cyclopropyl isothiocyanate




411.2358


 


1189
Cyclopropylmethyl isothiocyanate




425.2496


 


1190
Phenyl isocyanate




431.2590


 


1191
Benzyl isocyanate




445.2752









Examples 1192-1197
A reagent (0.12 mmol, 1.2 equivalents) from the table below and a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (150 μL of 1 M in THF, 1.5 eq) were added to a test tube containing 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (30 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The tubes were capped and stirred (magnetic stir bar) at ambient temperature for about 65 hours. Aqueous hydrochloric acid (300 μL of 1 N) and peracetic acid (57 μL of 32 wt %) were added to each tube; then stirring was continued for an additional 3 hours. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)













1192
None- starting material




303.1352


 


1193
Ethanethiol




361.1699


 


1194
2-Propanethiol




375.1861


 


1195
Methyl thioglycolate




405.1585


 


1196
Thiophenol




409.1690


 


1197
Furfuryl mercaptan




413.1659









Example 1198
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, potassium tert-butoxide (218 μL of 1 M in THF, 1.5 eq) was added to a solution of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-4-amine (44 mg, 0.145 mmol) and butanethiol (19 μL, 0.174 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Peracetic acid (76 μL of 32 wt %) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was acidified (pH 3) by the addition of 1 N hydrochloric acid and then loaded onto a solid phase extraction cartridge (Waters, MCX 6 cc). The reaction mixture was pushed through the cartridge with light nitrogen pressure to provide fraction 1. The cartridge was eluted sequentially with methanol (5 mL) and ammonia/methanol (5 mL of 1 N) to provide fractions 2 and 3 respectively. The solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation to provide 1-[4-(butylsulfonyl)butyl]-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine, measured mass (M+H): 389.1989.
Example 1199
4-Amino-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol




Dichloromethane (1 mL) was added to a vial containing 1,2-diethyl-7-methoxy-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (20 mg, 0.074 mmol, prepared as described in Example 573). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 minutes. Cold boron tribromide (370 μL of 1 M in dichloromethane, 0.37 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes. The ice bath was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred for about 3 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was combined with methanol (2 mL) and 6 N hydrochloric acid (500 μL); and then stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was made basic by the addition of 6 M sodium hydroxide and a portion of the solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane (25 mL) and water (25 mL). The layers were separated. The aqueous layer was evaporated to provide a yellow solid. The solid was suspended in methanol. The methanol was evaporated and the residue was purified as described in Examples 71-85 to provide the trifluoroacetate salt of 4-amino-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol, measured mass (M+H): 257.1408.
Example 1200
7-(Benzyloxy)-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Chloroform (2 mL) and cesium carbonate (32.6 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added to a vial containing 4-amino-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol (17 mg, 0.05 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes. Benzyl bromide (6.54 μL, 0.055 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 minutes. Analysis by LCMS indicated that only a small amount of product had formed. The chloroform was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 hour. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified as described in Examples 71-85 to provide the trifluoroacetate salt of 7-(benzyloxy)-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine, measured mass (M+H): 423.2190.
Examples 1201 & 1202
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (2 mL) and cesium carbonate (32.6 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added to vials containing 4-amino-1,2-diethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol (17 mg, 0.05 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes. A reagent (6.54 μL, 0.055 mmol) from the table below was added to a vial and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagents used, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)





1201
alpha-Bromo-p- xylene




437.2349


 


1202
4-Chlorobenzyl bromide




457.1809









Examples 1203-1206
A boronic acid (2.1 eq, 0.11 mmol) from the table below and n-propyl alcohol (720 μL) were added to a vial containing 4-amino-2-ethyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (23 mg, 0.05 mmol, prepared as described in Example 576). The vial was purged with nitrogen. Palladium (II) acetate (1.12 mg, 10 mole %), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (250 μL), water (50 μL), and triphenylphosphine (2.6 mg (20 mole %) in 100 μL of n-propyl alcohol) were sequentially added. The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. with stirring for 1 hour, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and then filtered through a plug of glass wool. The plug was washed with n-propyl alcohol, methanol, and dichloromethane. The filtrate was evaporated and the residue was purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagents used, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 










Ex-





am-


Measured Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)













1203
Phenylboronic acid




393.2108


 


1204
4-Methylphenylboronic acid




407.2201


 


1205
Pyridine-3-boronic acid




394.2031


 


1206
Furan-3-boronic acid




383.1852









Examples 1207-1216
Part A
1-(2-Methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (2.4 g, 9.99 mmol, prepared as described in Example 9), potassium carbonate (5.5 g, 39.9 mmol), 3-chloroiodopropane (1.2 mL, 11.0 mmol), and DMF (110 mL) were combined and heated at 40° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were washed with water and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified twice by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate) to provide 2-(3-chloropropyl)-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part B
A reagent (0.15 mmol, 1.5 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 2-(3-chloropropyl)-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (32 mg, 0.10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (approximately 55 mg, 0.40 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (1 mL). The test tubes were capped and heated at 70° C. (amines) or 85° C. (phenols) for approximately 18 hours. The reaction mixtures were filtered and the solvent was removed from the filtrates by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measured Mass


Example
Reagent
R
(M + H)













1207
Morpholine




368.2472


 


1208
2-(Propylamino)ethanol




384.2784


 


1209
N,N′-Dimethyl-3- aminopyrrolidine




395.2943


 


1210
3- (Hydroxymethyl)piperidine




396.2797


 


1211
N-Methylbenzylamine




402.2664


 


1212
1-Acetylpiperazine




409.2721


 


1213
Nipecotamide




409.2733


 


1214
Phenol




375.2200


 


1215
3-Methoxyphenol




405.2329


 


1216
3-Chlorophenol




409.1805









Examples 1217-1241
Part A
A mixture of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (11.37 g, 47.78 mmol, prepared as described in Example 15), n-propanol (80 mL), and 1 M hydrochloric acid (60 mL) was heated in an oil bath at 80° C. for 1 hour and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Solid sodium carbonate was added with stirring to neutralize the hydrochloric acid and to serve as a base in the next step.
Part B
tert-Butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethylcarbamate (11.36 g, 31.84 mmol, prepared as described in Example 51), n-propanol (20 mL), and palladium (HI) acetate (143 mg, 0.64 mmol) were added to the mixture from Part A. The reaction mixture was degassed and backfilled with nitrogen three times and then heated at 100° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the n-propanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with chloroform (250 mL), washed with water (2×100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a light yellow solid. This material was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0-45% of 80:20 CMA:chloroform in chloroform) to provide 2.47 g of a light yellow solid. This material was suspended in acetonitrile (25 mL), sonicated for about 15 seconds, isolated by filtration, rinsed with acetonitrile, and dried to provide 2.25 g of tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part C
Hydrochloric acid (3 mL of 2.7 M in ethanol) was added to a suspension of tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate (0.52 g) in ethanol (10 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for about 1 hour and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between water (50 mL) and dichloromethane (30 mL). The layers were separated. The aqueous layer was made basic with ammonium hydroxide and then extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (1×50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.29 g of crude product as a white solid. The reaction was repeated using 2.05 g of starting material to provide 1.18 g of crude product as a white solid. The two lots were combined and purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel eluting with a gradient of 20-60% of 80:20 CMA:chloroform in chloroform) to provide 0.48 g of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine as a white solid.
Part D
A reagent (0.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) from the table below was added to a test tube containing 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-4-amine (26 mg, 0.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (approximately 36 μL, 2 equivalents) in chloroform (2 mL). The test tubes were capped and shaken for about 4 hours. Two drops of water were added to each test tube, and the solvent was removed by vacuum centrifugation. The compounds were purified as described in Examples 71-85. The table below shows the reagent added to each test tube, the structure of the resulting compound, and the observed accurate mass for the isolated trifluoroacetate salt.
















 













Measure


Exam-


Mass


ple
Reagent
R
(M + H)













1217
None- starting material only




271.1696


 


1218
Acetyl chloride




313.1781


 


1219
Propionyl chloride




327.1962


 


1220
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride




339.1948


 


1221
Butyryl chloride




341.2108


 


1222
Isobutyryl chloride




341.2107


 


1223
Benzoyl chloride




375.1966


 


1224
Cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride




381.2433


 


1225
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride




376.1888


 


1226
Methanesulfonyl chloride




349.1472


 


1227
Ethanesulfonyl chloride




363.1638


 


1228
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride




377.1736


 


1229
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride




377.1794


 


1230
1-Butanesulfonyl chloride




391.1938


 


1231
Benzenesulfonyl chloride




411.1636


 


1232
2,2,2- Trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride




417.1358


 


1233
Methyl isocyanate




328.1909


 


1234
Ethyl isocyanate




342.2059


 


1235
Isopropyl isocyanate




356.2222


 


1236
N-Propyl isocyanate




356.2213


 


1237
Cyclopentyl isocyanate




382.2394


 


1238
Cyclohexyl isocyanate




396.2547


 


1239
1-Pyrrolidinecarbonyl chloride




368.2217


 


1240
1-Piperidinecarbonyl chloride




382.2379


 


1241
4-Morpholinecarbonyl chloride




384.2181









Example 1242
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]cyclopropylamide




Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (454 μL, 5.00 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 64, 595 mg, 2.00 mmol) and triethylamine (895 μL, 6.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (18 mL). The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature and then was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a yellow solid that was dissolved in methanol (20 mL). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (4 mL) was added to the resulting solution, and the reaction was heated at reflux for 20 hours and allowed to cool to room temperature. Aqueous sodium carbonate (15 mL of 2 M) was added, and the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting mixture was extracted four times with chloroform. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product (1.2 g) was purified by IFC using a silica cartridge followed by recrystallization from 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (50 mL). The crystals were dried overnight on the filter funnel and then dried overnight under vacuum at 98° C. to provide 463 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]cyclopropylamide as a white solid, mp 192-193° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 366 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H27N5O: C, 69.01; H, 7.45; N, 19.16. Found: C, 68.66; H, 7.46; N, 19.13.
Example 1243
N-{2-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}cyclopropylamide




The methods described in Example 1242 were used treat 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.500 g, 1.60 mmol), prepared as described in Example 590, with cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride and to isolate and purify the final product to provide 267 mg of N-{2-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl}cyclopropylamide as a white solid, mp 180-181° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 382 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H27N5O2: C, 66.12; H, 7.13; N, 18.36. Found: C, 66.06; H, 7.48; N, 18.35.
Example 1244
1-(2-Amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




The methods described in Parts A through C of Example 64 were followed using ethylhydrazine oxalate in lieu of propylhydrazine oxalate in Part A to provide tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate, which was recrystallized from 75:25 ethyl acetate:hexanes to yield a white solid, mp 178-180° C. Anal. Calcd for C15H26N4O3: C, 58.04; H, 8.44; N, 18.05. Found: C, 58.08; H, 8.72; N, 18.14.
The methods described in Parts D through G of Example 64 were then used to convert tert-butyl 2-[3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate to 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine. The final crude product (5.08 g) was recrystallized from a mixture of 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The mother liquor was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by IFC (silica cartridge) to provide 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a beige solid, mp 234-235° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 284 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C16H21N5: C, 67.82; H, 7.47; N, 24.71. Found: C, 67.60; H, 7.38; N, 24.57.
Examples 1245-1251
The method described in Example 65 can be used to treat 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine with the acid chlorides shown in the following table to provide the compounds shown in the following table.
















 










Example
Reagent
Name
R













1245
Acetyl chloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]acetamide






 


1246
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]nicotinamide






 


1247
Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]isonicotinamide






 


1248
4-Fluorobenzoyl chloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide






 


1249
3,4-Difluorobenzoyl chloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]-3,4- difluorobenzamide






 


1250
Propionyl chloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]propionamide






 


1251
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1- dimethylethyl]cyclopropylamide













Example 1252
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]methanesulfonamide




Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of 1-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (609 mg, 2.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Triethylamine (326 mg, 3.22 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (246 mg, 2.15 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for five hours and then allowed to warm to room temperature slowly and stirred overnight. Water was added, and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted four times with chloroform. The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by IFC (silica cartridge) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile. The crystals were dried overnight on the vacuum filter funnel to provide 363 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]methanesulfonamide as a white solid, mp 229-230° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 362 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C17H23N5O2S: C, 56.49; H, 6.41; N, 19.37. Found: C, 56.46; H, 6.77; N, 19.70.
Example 1253
1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (163 g) was prepared using a modification of the procedure described in Part A of Example 19. Methylhydrazine was used instead of ethylhydrazine oxalate. After all the reagents were added, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight instead of two hours. Dichloromethane was used for extraction during the work-up procedure, and the combined extracts were not dried. The product was obtained as a dark oil, which was treated according to the method of Part B of Example 46 to provide 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid.
Part B
To a solution of the carboxylic acid from Part A (0.666 mol) in dichloromethane (1 L) and DMF (0.5 mL) at 0° C. was added oxalyl chloride (64.0 mL, 0.73 mol). The reaction was stirred for one hour at ambient temperature. An analysis by HPLC indicated the presence of starting material, and additional oxalyl chloride (35 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in a small volume of dichloromethane and added slowly to concentrated ammonium hydroxide (888 mL of 15 M) cooled to approximately 0° C. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for two days. A precipitate was present and was isolated by filtration and washed with water. The filtrate was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic fraction was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a tan solid that was combined with the isolated precipitate to provide 103 g of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.
Part C
A solution of 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (39 g, 0.181 mol) and triethylamine (75 mL, 0.54 mol) in dichloromethane (600 mL) was cooled to approximately 0° C., and trifluoroacetic anhydride (31 mL, 0.22 mol) was added. The reaction was stirred for one hour, and then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (50 mL) was added. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic fractions were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark brown oil.
Part D
Potassium acetate (35.5 g, 0.362 mol) and bromine (12 mL, 0.235 mol) were added to a solution of the material from Part C in acetic acid (362 μL), and the reaction was stirred for two hours at ambient temperature. An analysis by LC/MS indicated the presence of starting material, and additional bromine (0.5 equivalent) was added. The reaction was stirred for two more hours and again was found to be incomplete. Additional bromine (0.5 equivalent) was added, and the reaction was stirred for one hour. Aqueous sodium bisulfite (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred until it became colorless. The acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure, and water was added to the residue. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified through a plug of silica gel (eluting with 70:30 hexanes:ethyl acetate) to provide 51 g of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark oil.
Part E
The method described in Part F of Example 46 was used to couple 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (16.0 g, 60.0 mmol) and 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (20.8 g, 0.120 mol). After the mixture was heated at 115° C. for 24 hours, it was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered through a plug of silica gel (eluting with 3:2 chloroform/methanol). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dissolved in ethanol (300 mL). Hydrogen chloride (45 mL of a 4 M solution in ethanol) was added to the solution, and the reaction was heated at reflux for two hours and then cooled to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration and washed with ethanol to provide 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and water. The pH of the solution was raised to 14 using 50% aqueous NaOH while keeping the temperature at 0° C. by adding ice. The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional dichloromethane, the organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to a dark yellow oily solid. The residue was purified by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine. This solid was purified as light tan crystals, mp 188-189° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 289 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C15H17ClN4: C, 62.39; H, 5.93; N, 19.40. Found: C, 62.60; H, 5.99; N, 19.67.
Example 1254
N-[4-(4-Amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide




Methanesulfonamide (1.5 g, 16.5 mmol) was added to a suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.660 g, 16.5 mmol) in DMF (10 mL); the reaction was stirred for five minutes. 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.952 g, 3.3 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) and sodium iodide (123 mg, 0.825 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was heated at 80° C. for four hours, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, and poured into ice water (70 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (6×50 mL), and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified twice by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with 0-30% CMA in chloroform first and 5-10% methanol in dichloromethane second) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 440 mg of N-[4-(4-amino-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butyl]methanesulfonamide as light tan crystals, mp 188-189° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 289 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C15H17ClN4: C, 62.39; H, 5.93; N, 19.40. Found: C, 62.60; H, 5.99; N, 19.67.
Example 1255
1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (175 g) was prepared using a modification of the procedure described in Part A of Example 19. Hydroxyethylhydrazine was used instead of ethylhydrazine oxalate. After all the reagents were added, the reaction mixture was stirred overnight instead of two hours.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (165 g, 0.600 mol) and iodomethane (187 mL, 3.00 mol) in THF (1.2 L) was cooled to 0° C. Sodium hydride (28.8 g of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.720 mol) was added slowly while maintaining the temperature below 10° C. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. Aqueous ammonium chloride and water were added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ethyl 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a dark brown oil.
Part C
A solution of the material from Part B in ethanol (500 mL) was combined with 6 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (200 mL, 1.20 mol), and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 hours. The ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was stirred with water for five minutes. The solution was adjusted with 3 N aqueous hydrochloric acid to pH 4; a precipitate formed. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and the precipitate was then isolated by filtration, washed with water, dried on the filter funnel for two hours to provide 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, which was dissolved in dichloromethane. The resulting solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then used in Part D.
Part D
A modification of the method described in Part B of Example 1253 was followed. After the second additional of oxalyl chloride, the reaction was stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature. After the reaction with ammonium hydroxide was stirred for three hours, the precipitate was not isolated by filtration, but the mixture was extracted several times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated to provide 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a dark oil, which was treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride according to the method of Part C of Examples 1253 to provide 5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark brown oil.
Part E
Potassium acetate (193 g, 1.97 mol) and bromine (69 mL, 1.4 mol) were added to a solution of the carbonitrile from Part D in acetic acid (1 L), and the reaction was stirred for 24 hours at ambient temperature. An analysis by LC/MS indicated the presence of starting material, and additional bromine (15 mL) was added. The reaction again was found to be incomplete. Additional bromine (15 mL) was added, and the reaction was then treated according to the work-up procedure described in Part D of Example 1253 to provide 144 g of 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a brown oil, which was used without purification.
Part F
2-Aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (16.2 g, 93.5 mmol), potassium carbonate (42.5 g, 308 mmol), DME (333 mL), water (166 mL), and 4-bromo-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (30 g, 93.5 mmol) were combined in a flask, which was then evacuated three times and filled with nitrogen. Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.65 g, 0.94 mmol) was then added, and the reaction was heated at 110° C. for one hour. An analysis by HPLC indicated the presence of starting material, and additional 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (16.2 g, 93.5 mmol) and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.65 g, 0.94 mmol) were added. The reaction was then heated at reflux overnight and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Water (30 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a layer of CELITE filter agent, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting sequentially with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes and 75% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 18 g of 4-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(4-chlorobutyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a maroon oil.
Part G
Acetyl chloride (15 mL, 216 mmol) was added to ethanol (170 mL) at 0° C. A solution of the material from Part F in ethanol (100 mL) was added, and the resulting solution was heated at reflux for two hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature overnight. The ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) and adjusted to pH 12 with the addition of ice and 50% w/w aqueous sodium hydroxide. The aqueous fraction was extracted with dichloromethane (3×100 mL), and the combined organic fractions dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a semi-solid. The semi-solid was triturated with diethyl ether and isolated by filtration to provide 10 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine. A small portion of the product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide white crystals, mp 156-157° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 333 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H21ClN4O: C, 61.35; H, 6.36; N, 16.83. Found: C, 61.51; H, 6.65; N, 17.01.
Example 1256
N-{4-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]butyl}methanesulfonamide




The method described in Example 1254 was used to treat 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.1 g, 3.3 mmol) with methanesulfonamide pretreated with sodium hydride in the presence of sodium iodide. The crude was purified by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 600 mg of N-{4-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]butyl}methanesulfonamide as white crystals, mp 159-161° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 392 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H25N5O3S: C, 55.22; H, 6.44; N, 17.89. Found: C, 55.40; H, 6.33; N, 18.13.
Example 1257
N-[3-(4-Amino-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)propyl]methanesulfonamide hydrochloride




A mixture of N-[3-(4-amino-2-tert-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)propyl]methanesulfonamide (Example 584, 0.410 g, 1.37 mmol), hydrogen bromide (0.7 mL of a 48% solution in water, 13.7 mmol) and acetonitrile (7 mL) was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in water and treated with 50% w/w aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting solution was washed with dichloromethane and then adjusted to pH 4 with the addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. A precipitate formed, was isolated by filtration, and was dried on the filter funnel to provide 0.39 g of N-[3-(4-amino-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)propyl]methanesulfonamide hydrochloride as a white powder, mp>250° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 320 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C14H17N5O2S.H2O.HCl: C, 44.98; H, 5.39; N, 18.73. Found: C, 44.88; H, 5.27; N, 18.57.
Example 1258
1-(4-Amino-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

A mixture sodium tert-butoxide (23.0 g, 0.240 mol) and ethanol (200 mL) was stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C.; most of the solid was dissolved. A mixture of diethyl oxalate (32.6 mL, 0.240 mol) and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (25.0 mL, 0.200 mol) was added slowly, and the reaction was stirred for ten minutes at 0° C. before the addition of acetic acid (100 mL). The reaction was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for ten minutes. Potassium acetate (29.4 g, 0.300 mol) and butylhydrazine oxalate (30.0 g, 0.200 mol) were sequentially added. The reaction was stirred overnight at ambient temperature, and the acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was adjusted to pH 14 with the addition of 50% w/w aqueous sodium hydroxide while maintaining the temperature at 0° C. with the addition of ice. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane; the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65+M cartridge, eluting with 0 to 70% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 26 g of ethyl 1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil.
Part B
Ethyl 1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (26 g, 97 mmol) and ammonia (160 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol) were heated at 150° C. in a stainless steel reactor for 42 hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to provide 1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a black oil, which was treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride (40 mL, 289 mmol) and triethylamine (53 mL, 386 mmol) according to a modification of the method of Part C of Example 1253 to provide 2-(1-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl trifluoroacetate as a dark brown oil. The reaction with trifluoroacetic anhydride was stirred for three hours.
Part C
Potassium carbonate (20 g, 145 mmol) was added to a solution of the trifluoroacetate from Part B in ethanol (192 mL) and water (57 mL), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for two hours and then filtered to remove a solid. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The aqueous fraction was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined organic fractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPLC system (60I cartridge, eluting with 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide 18 g of 1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part D
The method described in Part F of Examples 1 through 4 was used to treat 1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (18 g, 81 mmol) with potassium acetate (16.7 g, 171 mmol) and bromine (4.6 mL, 89 mmol). After the acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) and adjusted to pH 12 with the addition of 50% w/w aqueous sodium hydroxide and ice while maintaining the temperature at 0° C. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (60I cartridge, eluting with 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide 13 g of 1-butyl-4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part E
A modification of the method described in Part H of Example 1255 was used to treat 1-butyl-4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.7 g, 9.2 mmol). Two equivalents of 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (3.2 g, 18.4 mmol) and 2 mol % dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.126 g, 0.18 mmol) were added at the beginning of the reaction, and the reaction was heated at reflux for five hours. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide 4-(2-aminophenyl)-1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part F
The method described in Part G of Example 1255 was used to treat the material from Part E with the modification that the reaction was heated at reflux for three hours. The crude product was purified by chromatography and recrystallization according to the methods described in Example 1256 to provide 210 mg of 1-(4-amino-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as white crystals, mp 171-172° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 313 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H24N4O: C, 69.20; H, 7.74; N, 17.93. Found: C, 69.00; H, 8.07; N, 18.13.
The mother liquor from the recrystallization was concentrated to provide an additional 0.78 g of product.
Example 1259
1-(4-Amino-2-butyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




The methods described in Example 586 were used to hydrogenate 1-(4-amino-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.78 g, 2.5 mmol) in the presence of platinum (IV) oxide (0.78 g) and trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) and purify the product to provide 0.21 g of 1-(4-amino-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as off-white crystals, mp 130° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 317 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H28N4O.0.12H2O: C, 67.86; H, 8.93; N, 17.58. Found: C, 67.54; H, 9.15; N, 17.57.
Example 1260
1-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

The method described in Part A of Example 1258 was followed using hydroxyethylhydrazine (13.5 mL, 0.200 mol) instead of butylhydrazine oxalate. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65+M cartridge, eluting with 0 to 70% ethyl acetate in hexanes followed by ethyl acetate) to provide 24 g of ethyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a dark yellow oil.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (24.6 g, 95.9 mmol) in THF (191 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Sodium hydride (4.6 g of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 110 mmol) was added, and iodomethane (6.6 mL, 105 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of ten minutes. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for six hours. The work-up procedure described in Part B of Example 1255 was followed to provide ethyl 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a light brown oil.
Part C
The methods described in Part B of Example 1258 were used to treat the material from Part B with ammonia (160 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol) followed by trifluoroacetic anhydride (60 mL, 287 mmol) to provide 2-[3-cyano-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1,1-dimethylethyl trifluoroacetate.
Part D
The method described in Part C of Example 1258 was used to treat the trifluoroacetate from Part C with the modification that the reaction was stirred overnight. The product, 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, was treated according to the method described in Part D of Example 1258 with the modification that the crude product was not purified. 4-Bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (10 g) was obtained as a yellow oil.
Part E
The methods described in Parts E and F of Example 1258 were followed using 4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (7.0 g, 23 mmol) as the starting material to provide 2.0 g of 1-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol as tan crystals, mp 171-172° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 315 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H22N4O2: C, 64.95; H, 7.05; N, 17.82. Found: C, 64.79; H, 6.99; N, 17.89.
The mother liquor from the recrystallization of the final product was concentrated to provide additional material.
Example 1261
1-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol




The methods described in Example 586 were used to hydrogenate 1-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol (1.75 g, 5.5 mmol) in the presence of platinum (IV) oxide (1.5 g) and trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) and purify the product with the modification that before recrystallization, the product was also triturated with acetonitrile. 1-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol (1.0 g) was obtained as white crystals, mp 163-165° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 319 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H26N4O2: C, 64.13; H, 8.23; N, 17.6. Found: C, 64.01; H, 8.37; N, 17.74.
Example 1262
1-[4-Amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Under a nitrogen atmosphere, boron tribromide (6 mL of a 1 M solution in dichloromethane) was added to a solution of 1-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.500 g, 1.59 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL), and the reaction was stirred for four hours. The dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and 3 N hydrochloric acid. A solution of 7 N ammonia in methanol was added, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The treatment with ammonia and the concentration were repeated two more times. The crude product was purified by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with 0-30% CMA in chloroform) followed by trituration with acetonitrile and recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 115 mg of 1-[4-amino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol as white crystals, mp 196-198° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 301 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H20N4O: C, 63.98; H, 6.71; N, 18.65. Found: C, 64.05; H, 6.97; N, 18.82.
Example 1263
1-(7-Amino-2-ethyl-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

The method described in Part A of Example 1258 was followed using ethylhydrazine oxalate (100 g, 666 mmol) instead of butylhydrazine oxalate. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (1.6 kg, eluting sequentially with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes and ethyl acetate) to provide 75 g of ethyl 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
The methods described in Part B of Example 1258 were used to treat the material from Part A with ammonia (500 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol) followed by trifluoroacetic anhydride (132 mL, 936 mmol) and triethylamine (174 mL, 1.25 mol) to provide 2-(3-cyano-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl trifluoroacetate.
Part C
The method described in Part C of Example 1258 was used to treat the trifluoroacetate from Part B with potassium carbonate (65 g, 470 mmol). The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (600 g, eluting sequentially with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes and 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 44 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a dark yellow oil.
Part D
A solution of iodine monochloride in dichloromethane (10.8 mL of 2 M, 21.6 mmol) was added to a mixture of 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.0 g, 10.3 mmol), dichloromethane (17 mL) and freshly ground potassium carbonate (2.9 g, 22 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 18 hours. The work-up and purification procedures described in Part D of Example 588 were followed to provide 1.8 g of 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part E
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (900 mg, 2.81 mmol), propargyltrimethylsilane (0.8 mL, 5.6 mmol), copper(I) iodide (107 mg, 0.562 mmol), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (197 mg, 0.281 mmol), triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.4 mmol) and acetonitrile (14 mL) were combined and then heated at reflux for five hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, and then filtered through a layer of silica gel. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 80% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide 1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4-(3-trimethylsilylprop-1-ynyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a yellow oil.
Part F
The method described in Part F of Example 588 was used to treat the material from Part E with ammonia (30 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol) with the modification that the reaction was heated for 48 hours. Following chromatographic purification according to the method described in Part F of Example 588, the product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 40 mg of 1-(7-amino-2-ethyl-5-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-3-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as yellow crystals, mp 134-135° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 249 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C13H20N4O: C, 62.88; H, 8.12; N, 22.56. Found: C, 62.86; H, 8.03; N, 22.62.
Examples 1264-1273
Part A
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine dihydrochloride, prepared according to the method described in Parts A through H of Example 51 was stirred with aqueous sodium hydroxide at pH 13. The mixture was adjusted to pH 8 with the addition of hydrochloric acid, and the resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (1.0 equivalent) and triethylamine (3.0 equivalents) in chloroform (starting material is at a concentration of 0.008 M) was cooled to 0° C., and a solution of a reagent from the table below (1.0 equivalent) in chloroform was added. The reaction was stirred for between two and four hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. In some examples, the residue was mixed with water and extracted twice with chloroform or dichloromethane. The combined extracts were then concentrated under reduced pressure. For each example, the residue was purified by chromatography once or twice using an INTELLIFLASH system (eluting with a gradient of either CMA in chloroform or methanol in chloroform). The pure product was dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 75° C. to 90° C. to provide the product shown in the table below. Additional purification methods, and analytical data for each compound are given below the table.
Examples 1264-1273
















 









Example
Reagent
R











1264
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride






 


1265
Isopropyl isocyanate






 


1266
3,4-Difluorophenyl isocyanate






 


1267
Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride






 


1268
Acetyl chloride






 


1269
Propionyl chloride






 


1270
Methanesulfonyl chloride






 


1271
Ethyl isocyanate






 


1272
4-Fluorophenyl isocyanate






 


1273
Ethyl chloroformate













Example 1264
The reaction was carried out with the starting material at a concentration of 0.3 M. N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (4 equivalents) was used instead of triethylamine. The chromatography fractions were concentrated to a small volume, and hexanes were added to form a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried as described above to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide was obtained as a white powder, mp 215-217° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 338 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H23N5O1: C, 67.63; H, 6.87; N, 20.76. Found: C, 67.30; H, 6.73; N, 20.51.
Example 1265
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-isopropylurea was obtained as a white powder, mp 197.0-198.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 355 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H26N6O1: C, 64.38; H, 7.39; N, 23.71. Found: C, 64.06; H, 7.65; N, 23.73.
Example 1266
The chromatography fractions were concentrated to a small volume, and hexanes were added to form a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried as described above in Part B to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea as a white powder, mp 211-212° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 425 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C22H22F2N6O1: C, 62.25; H, 5.22; N, 19.8. Found: C, 61.90; H, 5.08; N, 19.57.
Example 1267
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]nicotinamide was obtained as a white powder, mp 219.0-221.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 375 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C21H22N6O1: C, 67.36; H, 5.92; N, 22.44. Found: C, 67.08; H, 5.84; N, 22.32.
Example 1268
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]acetamide was obtained as a white powder, mp 185.0-186.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 312 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H21N5O1: C, 65.57; H, 6.80; N, 22.49. Found: C, 65.42; H, 6.70; N, 22.69.
Example 1269
After the product was dried, it was dissolved in 2 M sodium carbonate, and the resulting solution was extracted twice with chloroform. The combined extracts were concentrated to a small volume, and hexanes were added to form a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried as described above in Part B to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]propanamide as an off-white solid, mp 184.0-185.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 326 (M+H)+1
Anal. calcd for C18H23N5O1: C, 64.44; H, 7.24; N, 20.88. Found: C, 64.13; H, 6.91; N, 20.94.
Example 1270
The addition purification methods described for Example 1269 were followed to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]methanesulfonamide as a white powder, mp 187.0-188.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 355 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C16H21N5O2S1: C, 55.31; H, 6.09; N, 20.16. Found: C, 55.05; H, 6.22; N, 20.13.
Example 1271
After the product was purified twice by chromatography as described in Part B above, it was recrystallized from acetonitrile. The crystals were dried in a vacuum oven for two days at 90° C. to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-ethylurea as a white powder, mp 206.0-207.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 341 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H24N6O1: C, 63.51; H, 7.11; N, 24.69. Found: C, 63.58; H, 6.89; N, 24.78.
Example 1272
The addition purification methods described for Example 1269 were followed. Before the precipitate was dried, it was purified by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with 0% to 15% methanol in chloroform). It was then dried as described in Part B above to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-(4-fluorophenyl)urea as a white solid, mp 201.0-202.0° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 407 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C22H23F1N6O1: C, 65.01; H, 5.70; N, 20.68. Found: C, 64.64; H, 5.72; N, 20.63.
Example 1273
It was determined that much of the product remained in the aqueous layer during the work-up procedure. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 9 with the addition of 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate and then extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were concentrated to a small volume, and hexanes were added to form a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried as described above in Part B to provide ethyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate as a light yellow solid, mp 143-144° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 342 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H23N5O2: C, 63.32; H, 6.79; N, 20.51. Found: C, 62.98; H, 6.84; N, 20.37.
Example 1274
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide




Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.250 g, 0.928 mmol), triethylamine (0.30 g, 3.0 mmol), and 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride (0.18 g, 1.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL) was stirred for two hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol, and 1 N hydrochloric acid was added. The reaction was stirred for three days at room temperature and then heated at reflux overnight. A precipitate was present and was isolated by filtration and stirred with 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography using an INTELLIFLASH system (eluting with 0% to 30% CMA in chloroform). The pure product was dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 90° C. to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide as a white powder, mp 198-199° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 392 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C22H22FN5O: C, 67.50; H, 5.66; N, 17.89. Found: C, 67.20; H, 6.01; N, 18.10.
Example 1275
1-[2-(1,1-Dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (0.228 g, 0.848 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.604 mL, 3.39 mmol) in chloroform (6.67 mL) was cooled to 0° C. A solution of 3-chloropropanesulfonyl chloride (0.113 mL, 0.933 mmol) in chloroform (10 mL) was added. An analysis by HPLC indicated that the reaction was not progressing. N-Methylpyrrolidone (12 mL) was added, and the reaction went to completion. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-3-chloropropane-1-sulfonamide.
Part B
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of the material from Part A and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (0.161 g, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (2.5 mL). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography twice using an INTELLIFLASH system (eluting with 0% to 40% CMA in chloroform). The chromatography fractions were concentrated to a small volume, and hexanes were added to form a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 90° C. to provide 1-[2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 201-202° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 374 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H23N5O2S: C, 57.89; H, 6.21; N, 18.75. Found: C, 57.78; H, 6.51; N, 18.56.
Example 1276
(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)methanol




Part A

Pyridine (40 mL, 492 mmol) was added in a single portion to a chilled solution (0° C.) solution of indole (48 g, 410 mmol) in diethyl ether (820 mL). Ethyl chlorooxoacetate (50 mL, 451 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting suspension was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over a period of 20 hours. The solid was isolated by filtration and washed with diethyl ether. The solid was combined with water (1 L), stirred for 1 hour, and then isolated by filtration to provide 75 g of ethyl (1H-indol-3-yl)(oxo)acetate.
Part B
Acetyl chloride (19 mL, 273 mmol), acetic acid (30 mL), and ethylhydrazine oxalate (41 g, 272 mmol) were added sequentially to a suspension of methyl 1H-indol-3-yl(oxo)acetate (37 g, 180 mmol) in ethanol (910 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours, cooled to ambient temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a small volume. Dichloromethane (100 mL) and ice were added, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 14 with the addition of 50% w/w sodium hydroxide. A precipitate formed. The dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure, and the precipitate was isolated by filtration, triturated with hot acetonitrile, and isolated by filtration to provide 26 g of 2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one as a tan solid.
Part C
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one (10 g, 46.8 mmol), N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine (31 mL), and THF (520 mL) was chilled to 0° C. A solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes (56 mL of 2.5 M) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete the reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and then DMF (72 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 1 hour. 1 N hydrochloric acid was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to about half the original volume and then diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a dark yellow oil. The oil was combined with acetonitrile and stirred for 20 minutes. A bright yellow solid was isolated by filtration to provide 4 g of 2-ethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1-carbaldehyde as a yellow powder. An additional 3 g of material was isolated from the mother liquor.
Part D
2-Ethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1-carbaldehyde (1.0 g, 4.1 mmol) was combined with phosphorus oxychloride (4 mL) and heated at 90° C. for 10 minutes. Analysis by LCMS showed the desired product with a small amount of a trichloro species in which chloride had replaced the 4-hydroxy group and the aldehyde to provide a geminal dichloride group. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, poured into a mixture of ammonium hydroxide (50 mL) and ice, and then stirred for 20 minutes. A solid was isolated by filtration and air dried to provide a tan solid.
Part E
Sodium borohydride (310 mg) was added in portions over a period of 20 minutes to a suspension of material from Part D in methanol (20 mL). The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes; a precipitate was present. The precipitate was isolated by filtration and dried on the vacuum filter funnel to provide (4-chloro-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)methanol.
Part F
The material from Part E was combined with ammonia (50 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol), and the reaction was heated in a pressure vessel for 18 hours at 150° C., allowed to cool to room temperature, and further cooled to 0° C. A precipitate was present and was isolated by filtration, washed with a small volume of methanol, and recrystallized from a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol to provide 0.19 g of (4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)methanol as gold crystals, mp 255-256° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 243 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C13H14N4O: C, 64.45; H, 5.82; N, 23.12. Found: C, 64.31; H, 5.66; N, 23.14.
Examples 1277-1281
Part A
Acetyl chloride (2 equivalents), acetic acid (methyl 1H-indol-3-yl(oxo)acetate is at a concentration of 6 M), and the hydrazine or hydrazine salt indicated in the table below (1.5 equivalents) were added sequentially to a 0.2 M suspension of methyl 1H-indol-3-yl(oxo)acetate in ethanol. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, and further cooled to 0° C. if necessary to form a precipitate. For Examples 1278 and 1281, acetonitrile was added after most of the reaction solvent was removed under reduced pressure to cause the precipitate to form. The product was purified according to the method shown in the table below.
Part B
A 0.3 M solution of the material from Part A in phosphorus oxychloride was heated at 90° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into a mixture of ammonium hydroxide (50 mL) and ice, and then stirred for 20 minutes to one hour. A solid was isolated by filtration and air-dried. For Example 1278, the reaction was heated at reflux for three hours, and the ammonium hydroxide mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M column, eluting with 0% to 30% CMA in chloroform), and dried under high vacuum.
Part C
The material from Part B was combined with ammonia (7 N solution in methanol), and the reaction was heated in a pressure vessel for 18 to 24 hours at 150° C. and allowed to cool to room temperature. The table below shows the structure of the product. The isolation and purification of the product are given below the table.
Examples 1277-1281
















 












Purification Method



Example
Hydrazine
in Part A
R





1277
Methylhydrazine
Trituration with acetonitrile
—CH3


1278
Ethylhydrazine oxalate
Chromatography (silica gel,
—CH2CH3




eluting with 0% to 30%




CMA in chloroform)


1279
Propylhydrazine oxalate
Recrystallized from
—CH2CH2CH3




acetonitrile


1280
Butylhydrazine oxalate
Recrystallized from
—CH2CH2CH2CH3




acetonitrile


1281
Methoxyethyl hydrazine
None
—CH2CH2OCH3



dihydrochloride









Example 1277
Upon cooling to room temperature, a precipitate formed. The precipitate was isolated by filtration and recrystallized from 9:1 acetonitrile:methanol to provide 2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as tan crystals, mp 218-219° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 199 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C11H10N4: C, 66.65; H, 5.08; N, 28.26. Found: C, 66.70; H, 5.13; N, 28.22.
Example 1278
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned dichloromethane and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane, and the combined organic fractions were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a white solid. The solid was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40+M column, eluting with 0% to 30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white crystals, mp 240-241° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 213 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C12H12N4: C, 67.91; H, 5.70; N, 26.40. Found: C, 67.69; H, 5.80; N, 26.60.
Example 1279
Crystals formed upon cooling to room temperature, and the crystals were dissolved in hot methanol and purified by chromatography using an INTELLIFLASH system (silica gel, eluting with 0% to 30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol to provide 2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as colorless needles, mp 225-227° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 227 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C13H14N4: C, 69.00; H, 6.24; N, 24.76. Found: C, 69.24; H, 6.27; N, 25.04.
Example 1280
Crystals formed upon cooling to room temperature, and the crystals were dissolved in hot methanol and purified by chromatography using an INTELLIFLASH system (silica gel, eluting with 0% to 30% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as pink crystals, mp 194-195° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 241 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C14H16N4: C, 69.97; H, 6.71; N, 23.31. Found: C, 69.92; H, 6.74; N, 23.49.
Example 1281
Upon cooling to 0° C., a precipitate formed. A portion of the precipitate was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as tan crystals, mp 230-231° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 243 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C13H14N4O: C, 64.45; H, 5.82; N, 23.12. Found: C, 64.43; H, 5.93; N, 23.02.
Example 1282
2-(4-Amino-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-2-yl)ethanol




2-(2-Methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine was treated with boron tribromide to give 2-(4-amino-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-2-yl)ethanol.
Anal. calcd for C12H12N4O: C, 63.15; H, 5.30; N, 24.55. Found: C, 63.06; H, 5.27; N, 24.69.
Example 1283
1-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,7]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




4-Bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (Parts A-F of Example 62) (1.36 g, 5.00 mmol), 4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyridin-3-ylboronic acid (Part A of Example 56) (2.38 g, 10.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.04 g, 7.50 mmol), DME (16 mL), water (8 mL), and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.0175 g, 0.025 mmol) were combined in a flask, which was then evacuated three times and filled with nitrogen. The reaction was heated at 95° C. for two days. Water was added, and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted four times with chloroform. The combined organic fractions were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by IFC (silica cartridge) to provide 211 mg of a yellow solid. The solid was heated at reflux in 1 M hydrogen chloride in ethanol for 19 hours. Aqueous sodium carbonate (35 mL of 2 M) was added, and the ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was extracted four times with chloroform, and the combined extracts were treated as described above. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica cartridge) followed by recrystallization from acetonitrile to provide 130 mg of 1-(4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,7]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as a white solid, mp 277-279° C. MS (APCI) m/z 286 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C15H19N5O: C, 63.14; H, 6.71; N, 24.54. Found: C, 62.98; H, 7.02; N, 24.77.
Example 1284
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,7]naphthyridin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide




Part A

A modification of the method described in Example 610 was used to couple tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate (2.08 g, 5.82 mmol) (Example 51, Parts A through G) with 3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyridin-4-ylboronic acid (2.77 g, 11.6 mmol). After the first purification by IFC, 0.44 g of tert-butyl 2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,7]naphthyridin-1-yl)ethylcarbamate was obtained as a yellow solid.
Part B
The material from Part A was mixed with methanol (20 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL) and heated at reflux for 30 minutes and allowed to cool to room temperature. Dichloromethane (25 mL), triethylamine (3 mL), and 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride (0.476 g, 3.0 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was carried out as described in Example 1242. Following purification by IFC, the product was purified by chromatography again using HORIZON HPFC system (40+M cartridge, eluting with methanol in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from 1:1 ethanol:propyl acetate. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol:propyl acetate, and dried overnight on the vacuum filter funnel to provide 114 mg of N-[2-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,7]naphthyridin-1-yl)ethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide as a white solid, mp 317-318° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 393 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C21H21FN6O: C, 64.27; H, 5.39; N, 21.41. Found: C, 64.11; H, 5.45; N, 21.67.
Example 1285
3-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile




Part A

4,4-Dimethyl-5-nitropentan-2-one was made according to the literature procedure; see Kloetzel, M. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69, pp. 2271-2275 (1947). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of nitropentanone (9.55 g, 60.0 mmol) was cooled to 0° C. Diethyl azodicarboxylate (11.5 g, 66 mmol) and tributylphosphine (26.71 g, 132 mmol) were sequentially added. The reaction was stirred for one hour at 0° C. and then for one hour at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with dichloromethane). The resulting oil was treated with hexane; a precipitate formed and was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with 45% to 55% ethyl acetate in hexane) to provide 5.17 g of 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentanenitrile as a pale yellow oil.
Part B
The methods described in Parts A through C of Example 64 were followed. In the final step, the product precipitated from the reaction mixture and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried on the vacuum filter funnel to provide 3.50 g of 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid.
Anal. Calcd for C12H18N4O: C, 61.52; H, 7.74; N, 23.91. Found: C, 61.31; H, 7.54; N, 24.18. The filtrate was concentrated and treated according to the work-up and purification procedures described in Part C of Example 64.
Part C
The methods described in Parts D and E of Example 64 were used to convert 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (4.9 g, 20.9 mmol) into 5.88 g of 4-bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile. Purification by IFC was carried out after each step.
Part D
A modification of the method described in Example 1283 was used to couple 4-bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.48 g, 5.00 mmol) with 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.73 g, 10.0 mmol). The reaction was completed in one hour. The coupling product was purified by IFC (silica cartridge, eluting with 40% to 60% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction with hydrogen chloride was heated at reflux for a total of about seven hours. 3-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (840 mg) was obtained as a white solid, mp 248-250° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 308 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C18H21N5: C, 70.33; H, 6.89; N, 22.78. Found: C, 70.18; H, 6.88; N, 23.02.
Example 1286
3-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile




Part A

The method described in Part A of Example 64 was used to convert 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentanenitrile (8.19 g, 65.4 mmol) into 13.7 g of ethyl 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A solution of ethyl 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (6.12 g, 23.1 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was cooled to approximately 0° C. under nitrogen, and iodomethane (3.28 g, 23.1 mmol) was added. Sodium hydride (0.924 g of 60% in mineral oil, 23.1 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature slowly and stirred overnight. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride was added, and the mixture was extracted three times with tert-butyl methyl ether. The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a yellow oil. The oil was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (65I cartridge, eluting with ethyl acetate) to provide 3.68 g of ethyl 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a pale yellow oil.
Part C
The methods described in Parts B and C of Example 64 were used to treat ethyl 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (3.66 g, 13.1 mmol). The final product was not purified by chromatography but was recrystallized from a mixture of 50% ethyl acetate in hexane (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (35 mL). The crystals were washed with 50% ethyl acetate in hexane and dried on the vacuum filter funnel to provide 2.676 g of 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, mp 130-131° C.
Anal. Calcd for C12H18N4O2: C, 57.58; H, 7.25; N, 22.38. Found: C, 57.78; H, 6.92; N, 22.44.
Part D
The methods described in Parts D and E of Example 64 were used to convert 5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide into 4-bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile. Purification by IFC was carried out after each step.
Part E
A modification of the method described in Part B of Example 1283 was used to couple 4-bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.56 g, 5.00 mmol) with 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.73 g, 10.0 mmol). The reaction was completed in one hour. The coupling product was purified by IFC (silica cartridge, eluting with 50% to 90% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction with hydrogen chloride was heated at reflux for two hours and allowed to cool to room temperature overnight. 3-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (676 mg) was obtained as white crystals, mp 206-208° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 324 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C18H21N5O: C, 66.85; H, 6.55; N, 21.66. Found: C, 66.81; H, 6.67; N, 21.82.
Example 1287
3-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide




3-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (657 mg, 2.14 mmol), ethanol (10 mL), concentrated ammonium hydroxide (2.1 mL), and 30% w/w hydrogen peroxide (2.8 g) were combined in a sealed glass tube and heated at 70° C. for seven hours. During this time, the reaction was periodically cooled and the pressure released. Additional hydrogen peroxide (1.4 g) was added, and the reaction was heated at 70° C. for five hours, with periodic cooling and venting. The reaction was cooled to 0° C., and water (25 mL) was added. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC instrument (40M cartridge), and recrystallized from acetonitrile. The crystals were dried on the vacuum filter funnel for two hours to provide 485 mg of 3-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as a white solid, mp 224-225° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 326 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C18H23N5O0.25H2O: C, 65.53; H, 7.18; N, 21.23. Found: C, 65.52; H, 7.30; N, 21.19.
Example 1288
3-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide




3-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (436 mg, 1.35 mmol), ethanol (5 mL), sodium hydroxide (0.056 mL of 6 N), and 30% w/w hydrogen peroxide (0.54 mL, 4.7 mmol) were combined and heated at 50° C. for 18.5 hours. Water was added, and the ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The mixture was extracted with chloroform, and the combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by IFC (silica cartridge) and recrystallized from 75% ethyl acetate in hexane. The crystals were washed with 50% ethyl acetate in hexane, dried on the vacuum filter funnel overnight, and further dried under vacuum at 9 Pa and 98° C. to provide 3-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as a white solid, mp 225-226° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 342 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C18H23N5O2: C, 63.32; H, 6.79; N, 20.51. Found: C, 63.05; H, 6.86; N, 20.55.
Example 1289
1-(Aminomethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride




Part A

The method of Examples 1-4 Part A was followed to treat 2-(2-oxopropyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (10.2 g, 50.0 mmol) with a solution of sodium tert-butoxide (5.77 g, 60.0 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL) and diethyl oxalate (8.77 g, 60.0 mmol). Ethyl 5-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-2,4-dioxopentanoate sodium salt (14.00 g) was obtained as an orange solid.
Part B
The method described in Part B of Examples 1-4 was used to treat a 0° C. solution of the material from Part A (14.00 g, 43 mmol) in acetic acid (43 mL) with methylhydrazine (1.98 g, 43 mmol). During the addition over a period of ten minutes, the reaction temperature was maintained below 15° C. The crude product was treated with 50% ethyl acetate in hexane to yield a powder. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was recrystallized from ethanol to provide 8.13 g of ethyl 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part C
A solution of ethyl 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (8.13 g, 25.9 mmol) in hydrochloric acid (33 mL of 1 M) and acetic acid (33 mL) was heated at reflux intermittently for six hours and allowed to cool to room temperature; a precipitate formed. Water was added, and the solid was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried on the vacuum filter funnel for two days to provide 3.79 g of 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid as a brown solid.
Part D
A solution of 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3.79 g, 13.3 mmol) and thionyl chloride (10 mL) in toluene (10 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 30 minutes under nitrogen and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A precipitate formed upon cooling, and the precipitate was isolated by filtration, washed with toluene, and suspended in dichloromethane (40 mL). The suspension was poured into concentrated ammonium hydroxide (40 mL) that was cooled to 0° C. The reaction was stirred for ten minutes. A precipitate formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (40M cartridge) to provide 1.67 g of 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as an off-white solid.
Part E
A solution of trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.996 mL, 7.05 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) was added slowly to a 0° C. solution of 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (1.67 g, 5.87 mmol) and triethylamine (1.78 g, 17.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 30 minutes, and water (50 mL) was added. The work-up procedure described in Part D of Example 64 was followed. Hexane (100 mL) was added to the resulting off-white solid, which was isolated by filtration and washed with hexane. The resulting light-brown solid was purified by chromatography using a HORIZON HPFC system (40M cartridge, eluting with 1% to 10% CMA in chloroform) to provide 1.57 g of 5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as an off-white solid.
Part F
5-[(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.57 g, 5.90 mmol) was brominated using a modified version of the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4. In the reaction, 1.4 equivalents of bromine were used instead of 1.1 equivalents. After the reaction was stirred for two days, additional potassium acetate (1.31 g) and bromine (0.211 mL) were added, and the reaction was stirred for five more days. After the addition of sodium hydrogensulfate, most of the acetic acid was removed under reduced pressure, and 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate was added. A solid formed and was isolated by filtration, washed with water, and dried on the vacuum filter funnel to provide 1.85 g of 4-bromo-5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a white solid.
Part G
The method described in Part F of Example 23 was followed using 4-bromo-5-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1.85 g, 5.36 mmol) as the starting material with the modification that dichloromethane (25 mL) was used as the solvent for the reaction with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.75 g, 8.00 mmol); this reaction was stirred overnight and filtered to remove a solid. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by IFC to provide 1.438 g of tert-butyl (4-bromo-3-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methylcarbamate as a white solid.
Part H
A modification of the method described in Example 1283 was used to couple tert-butyl (4-bromo-3-cyano-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methylcarbamate (1.43 g, 4.53 mmol) with 2-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (1.57 g, 9.06 mmol). The reaction was completed in 70 minutes. tert-Butyl methyl ether was used instead of chloroform in the work-up procedure. The coupling product was purified by IFC (silica cartridge, eluting with 40% to 60% ethyl acetate in hexane). The reaction with hydrogen chloride was heated at reflux for 24 hours. Diethyl ether (50 mL) was added after the reaction cooled to room temperature. A precipitate was present and was isolated by filtration and dried on the vacuum filter funnel for three hours to provide 1.13 g of 1-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine hydrochloride as a white solid, mp>250° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 228 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C12H13N5.2HCl.0.20H2O: C, 47.44; H, 5.11; N, 23.06. Found: C, 47.80; H, 4.90; N, 22.68.
Example 1290
1-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




Part A

The method described in Part A of Example 1258 was followed on a 0.215 mmol scale using propylhydrazine (35.3 g, 0.215 mmol) instead of butylhydrazine oxalate. After propylhydrazine was added, the reaction was stirred for one hour. The chromatographic purification was carried out on silica gel (eluting with 40% to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane) to provide 15 g of ethyl 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as a brown oil.
Part B
The methods described in Parts D and E of Example 60 were used to convert ethyl 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (14.4 g, 56.6 mmol) to 10 g of 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as an off-white powder. After the saponification in Part D, the product was obtained as an oil after extraction of the acidified solution with dichloromethane.
Part C
A modification of the method described in Part C of Example 1253 was used to treat 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (9.5 g, 42.2 mmol) with trifluoroacetic anhydride (10.6 g, 50.6 mmol) in the presence of triethylamine (12.8 g, 127 mmol). After the reaction was stirred for one hour, additional trifluoroacetic anhydride (3 mL) was added to drive the reaction to completion. The resulting product was brominated according to the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4 to provide 2-(4-bromo-1-butyl-3-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethyl trifluoroacetate as a brown oil.
Part D
A modification of the method described in Part C of Example 1258 was used to treat the trifluoroacetate from Part C with potassium carbonate. Chloroform was used in the work-up procedure, and the final product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in hexane) to provide 5.5 g of 4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile.
Part E
The methods described in Parts H and I of Example 60 were followed using 5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.75 g, 9.61 mmol) as the starting material with the following modifications. Chloroform was used instead of dichloromethane in the extraction at the end of Part I. Following purification by column chromatography, the product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for four hours to yield 1.2 g of 1-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as off-white crystals, mp 188-190° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 299 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C17H22N4O: C, 68.43; H, 7.43: N, 18.78. Found: C, 68.16; H, 7.34; N, 18.67.
Example 1291
1-(4-Amino-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol




A modification of the method described in Example 61 was followed using 1-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (0.65 g, 2.18 mmol) as the starting material. The hydrogenation was repeated after the product obtained after chromatographic purification of the first reaction mixture (silica gel, eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) yielded mostly starting material. The product obtained after the second hydrogenation (0.27 g) was recrystallized from ethyl acetate (5 mL) to provide 1-(4-amino-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as white crystals, mp 143-145° C.
MS (ESI) m/z 303 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C17H26N4O: C, 67.52; H, 8.67: N, 18.53. Found: C, 67.21; H, 8.85; N, 18.58.
Example 1292
1-{2-Methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl}-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

A solution of 4-bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.7 g, 9.43 mmol) in THF (38 mL) was purged with nitrogen, and sodium hydride (37 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added. The reaction was stirred for five minutes, and methyl vinyl sulfone (2.0 g, 19 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, and additional sodium hydride (0.11 g) was added. The reaction was stirred for one hour, and additional sodium hydride (0.07 g) was added. The reaction was stirred for one hour, and a few drops of water were added. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 50% to 60% ethyl acetate in hexane) to provide 2 g of mixture of 4-bromo-5-{2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl}-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and methyl vinyl sulfone.
Part B
The methods described in Parts H and I of Example 60 were followed using the material from Part A as the starting material with the following modifications. Chloroform was used instead of dichloromethane in the extraction at the end of Part I. Following purification by column chromatography, the product was recrystallized from acetonitrile. The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with acetonitrile, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for four hours to yield 0.6 g of 1-{2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl}-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 197-200° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 405 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C20H28N4O3S: C, 59.38; H, 6.98: N, 13.85. Found: C, 59.07; H, 6.68; N, 13.78.
Example 1293
2-Ethyl-1-(2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Hydrogen chloride (21 mL of a 3.6 M solution in ethanol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 2-(4-bromo-3-cyano-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylethylcarbamate (5.6 g, 15 mmol), prepared in Example 1244, in ethanol (75 mL), and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for two days and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in water (50 mL), and aqueous sodium hydroxide (50% w/w) was added to adjust the mixture to pH 12. The basic mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 mL), and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 4.1 g of 5-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-4-bromo-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil.
Part B
A solution of 5-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)-4-bromo-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (4.1 g, 15.1 mmol) and methyl vinyl sulfone (3.2 g, 30.2 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated at reflux for 15 hours, allowed to cool to room temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified twice by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting first with 5% methanol in dichloromethane and secondly with ethyl acetate) to provide 2.75 g of 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil.
Part C
The methods described in Parts F and G of Example 1255 were followed using 4-bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (2.75 g, 7.29 mmol) as the starting material with the following modifications. The reaction with hydrogen chloride was stirred overnight at room temperature and then heated at reflux for eight hours. Following the work-up procedure, a brown oil was isolated and was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) followed by recrystallization from butyl acetate (10 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with butyl acetate, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for 14 hours to yield 0.8 g of 2-ethyl-1-(2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 155-157° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 405 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C19H27N5O2S: C, 58.59; H, 6.99: N, 17.98. Found: C, 58.41; H, 7.00; N, 18.13.
Example 1294
1-[2-Methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

The method described in Part B of Example 60 was followed using 4-methyl-4-(methylthio)pentan-2-one (10.0 g, 68.4 mmol) instead of 4-(propylthio)butan-2-one and propylhydrazine (11.2 g, 68.4 mmol) instead of butylhydrazine with the modification that the reaction with sodium tert-butoxide (6.6 g, 68 mmol) was stirred for one hour. Propylhydrazine was added at room temperature. Following chromatographic purification, 10.6 g of ethyl 5-[2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate were obtained and was treated with mCPBA (15 g of 60% pure material) according to the method of Part C of Example 60 to provide 9.4 g of ethyl 5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate.
Part B
A pressure vessel containing ethyl 5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (9.4 g, 29.7 mmol) and ammonia (50 mL of a 7 N solution in methanol), and the vessel was sealed and heated at 150° C. for 41 hours and allowed to cool to room temperature. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to provide 8.5 g of 5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as a brown oil.
Part C
A modification of the method described in Part C of Example 1253 was used to treat 5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (8.5 g, 29.7 mmol) with trifluoroacetic anhydride (7.5 g, 35.6 mmol) in the presence of triethylamine (9 g, 90 mmol). After the reaction was stirred for one hour, additional trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.5 mL) was added to drive the reaction to completion. The resulting product was brominated according to the method described in Part F of Examples 1-4 to provide 4-bromo-5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile as a colorless oil.
Part D
The methods described in Parts F and G of Example 1255 were followed using 4-bromo-5-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (5.8 g, 17 mmol) as the starting material with the following modifications. Following the work-up procedure, an oil was isolated and was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) followed by recrystallization from ethanol (32 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for 17 hours to yield 1.1 g of 1-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 202-204° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 361 (M+H)+;
Anal. Cacld for C18H24N4O2S: C, 59.97; H, 6.71: N, 15.54. Found: C, 60.07; H, 6.38; N, 15.52.
Example 1295
1-[2-Methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




A modification of the method described in Example 61 was followed using 1-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin 4-amine (0.45 g, 1.25 mmol) as the starting material. The crude product (0.4 g) was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) followed by recrystallization from ethanol (6 mL). The crystals were isolated by filtration, washed with ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 65° C. for four hours to yield 0.1 g of 1-[2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as white crystals, mp 209-211° C.
Anal. Cacld for C18H28N4O2S: C, 59.31; H, 7.74: N, 15.37. Found: C, 59.17; H, 7.51; N, 15.65.
Examples 1296-1297
A mixture of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (prepared as described in Parts A and B of Example 15, 2.0 equivalents) in 1-propanol (20 mL) and 1 M aqueous HCl (15 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and solid sodium carbonate (1.5 equivalents) was added with stirring. A 4-bromo-1,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (3.3-3.5 g, 14 mmol, 1 equivalent) shown in the table below, bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (0.05 equivalent), and palladium (II) acetate (0.05 equivalent) were added. The reaction and work-up procedures were carried out as described in Examples 52 through 55. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution using 0-40% CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from the solvent shown in the table below. Crystals were isolated, washed with cold solvent, and dried overnight at 60° C. in a vacuum oven to provide the product.
Example 1296
1-(4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol was isolated as white needles, mp 283-286° C.
Anal. calcd for C15H19N5O.0.4H2O: C, 61.60; H, 6.82; N, 23.94. Found: C, 61.77; H, 6.75; N, 23.96.
Example 1297
1-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol was isolated as white needles, mp 252-255° C.
Anal. calcd for C16H21N5O: C, 64.19; H, 7.07; N, 23.39. Found: C, 63.88; H, 7.23; N, 23.25.
Examples 1296-1297
















 












Recrystallization



Example
Starting Material
solvent
R2





1296
4-Bromo-1-ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-
acetonitrile
—CH2CH3



methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile



(Example 62 Parts A-F)


1297
4-Bromo-5-ethyl-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-
2-propanol
—CH2CH2CH3



carbonitrile (Example 1290 Parts A-D)









Examples 1298-1300
A mixture of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-pyridylboronic acid (prepared as described in Parts A and B of Example 15, 2.0 equivalents) and 1 M aqueous was heated at 80° C. for 45 minutes. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and solid sodium carbonate (3.3 equivalents) was added with stirring. A 4-bromo-1,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (1 equivalent) shown in the table below, DME, and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (0.05 equivalent) were added. The reaction and work-up procedures were carried out as described in Examples 52 through 55. The crude product was purified by chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (silica gel, gradient elution using CMA in chloroform) followed by recrystallization from the solvent indicated below. Crystals were isolated, washed with cold solvent, and dried overnight at 60° C. in a vacuum oven to provide the product.
Example 1298
Recrystallization was carried out with acetonitrile to provide 1-(4-amino-2-butyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol as white needles, mp 232-235° C.
Anal. calcd for C17H23N5O: C, 65.15; H, 7.40; N, 22.35. Found: C, 64.97; H, 7.59; N, 22.63.
Example 1299
Recrystallization was carried out with propyl acetate to provide 3-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile as white needles, mp 249-252° C.
Anal. calcd for C17H20N6: C, 66.21; H, 6.54; N, 27.25. Found: C, 66.15; H, 6.43; N, 27.41.
Example 1300
Recrystallization was carried out with acetonitrile to provide 1-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol as light yellow needles, mp 233-236° C.
Anal. calcd for C16H21N5O2: C, 60.94; H, 6.71; N, 22.21. Found: C, 60.64; H, 6.72; N, 22.20.
Examples 1298-1300
















 










Example
Starting Material
R1
R2





1298
4-Bromo-1-butyl-5-(2-hydroxy-2-
—CH2C(CH3)2OH
—CH2CH2CH2CH3



methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile



(Example 1258 Parts A-D)


1299
4-Bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-
—CH2C(CH3)2CN
—CH2CH2OCH3



propyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile



(Example 1285 Parts A-C)


1300
4-Bromo-5-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-
—CH2C(CH3)2OH
—CH2CH2CH3



1-(2-methoxyethyl)- 1H-pyrazole-3-



carbonitrile (Example 1260 Parts A-D)









Example 1301
3-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide




Hydrogen peroxide (0.8 mL of 30%) was added to a suspension of 3-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanenitrile (0.54 g, 1.75 mmol) in 6 N aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction and work-up procedures described in Example 1288 were followed with the modification that the reaction was heated for 5.5 hours. Following chromatographic purification (eluting with 0% to 55% CMA in chloroform) and drying under high vacuum, 0.16 g of 3-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,8]naphthyridin-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide was obtained as a white solid, mp 254-257° C.
Anal. calcd for C17H22N6O.0.1H2O: C, 62.21; H, 6.82; N, 25.61. Found: C, 62.01; H, 7.09; N, 25.54.
Example 1302
3-[4-Amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide




The method of Examples 1298-1300 and the method of Example 1301 were used to convert 4-bromo-5-(2-cyano-2-methylpropyl)-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile to 3-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide. Following chromatographic purification the product was recrystallized from acetonitrile to provide 3-[4-amino-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide as a white solid, mp 254-257° C. 1H NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 8.50 (dd, J=7.9, 1.9, 1H), 8.46 (dd, J=4.4, 1.6, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=7.9, 4.4, 1H), 7.15-7.00 (m, 4H), 4.56 (t, J=4.4, 2H), 3.77 (t, J=5.10, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 1.12 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ 178.3, 154.9, 153.0, 147.1, 136.9, 135.5, 130.5, 117.7, 116.5, 114.3, 71.0, 58.3, 50.0, 43.9, 33.6, 24.8; HRMS (EI) calcd for C17H22N6O2 343.1882, found 343.1886.
Example 1303
4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylbutane-1-sulfonamide




Part A

Potassium thioacetate (595 mg, 5.20 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 46) (1.50 g, 4.73 mmol) in DMF (24 mL) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours and became a light yellow and cloudy mixture. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with methylene chloride (200 mL), and washed with water (75 mL), and the resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 1.92 g of a tan material.
Part B
The material from part A (1.92 g) was dissolved in methanol (47 mL) and degassed with nitrogen for several minutes at ambient temperature. Sodium methoxide in methanol solution (1.20 mL, 25 wt % in MeOH) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by degassing with nitrogen. After 1 hour, 7M HCl (0.9 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for a few minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with methylene chloride (80 mL), washed with water (75 mL), and the resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 1.37 g of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol as a light yellow solid.
Part C
Water (0.2 mL) was added to a suspension of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol (1.37 g, 4.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (22 mL) maintained at 0° C. In a separate container, trichloroisocyanuric acid (1.11 g, 4.80 mmol) and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (2.75 g, 14.8 mmol) were added at ambient temperature to dichloromethane (22 mL), stirred for 45 minutes, and the resulting solution was added dropwise to the reaction mixture containing 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol over 2 minutes. After 25 minutes, dimethylamine hydrochloride (1.55 g, 13.1 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. Potassium carbonate (6M, 44 mL) was added to the reaction mixture with vigorous stirring over 2 minutes at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours and potassium carbonate (6M, 0.5 mL) was added and the mixture was maintained for an additional hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (250 mL), washed with water (200 mL, pH 10), and the resulting layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1.13 g of a tan foam. The resulting material was purified by column chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with methanol and ethyl acetate) to provide 460 mg of a white foam. The material was dissolved and triturated from acetonitrile, and dried under reduced pressure to yield 146 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylbutane-1-sulfonamide as a white solid, mp 144-146° C.
MS (EI) m/z 390 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H27N5O2S: C, 58.59; H, 6.99; N, 17.98. Found: C, 58.53; H, 7.13; N, 18.04.
Example 1304
4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N-methylbutane-1-sulfonamide




Water (0.10 mL) was added to a suspension of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol (1.37 g, 4.36 mmol) (prepared as described in Part B of Example 1303) in dichloromethane (24 mL) maintained at 0° C. In a separate container, trichloroisocyanuric acid (600 mg, 2.58 mmol) and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (1.48 g, 8.0 mmol) were added at ambient temperature to dichloromethane (12 mL), stirred for 45 minutes, and the resulting solution was added dropwise to the reaction mixture containing 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol over 2 minutes. After 30 minutes, methylamine hydrochloride (475 mg, 7.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. Potassium carbonate (6M, 1.6 mL) was added to the reaction mixture with vigorous stirring over 2.5 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (300 mL), washed with water (300 mL), and the resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2×300 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.65 g of foam. The resulting material was purified by column chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with CMA:chloroform ranging in ratios from 0:100 to 20:80) to provide 190 mg of material. The material was recrystallized from isopropanol, dried in a vacuum oven, recrystallized from acetonitrile and dried in a vacuum oven to yield 88 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N-methylbutane-1-sulfonamide as a light yellow solid, mp 166-169° C. MS (EI) m/z 376 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H25N5O2S.0.02 CH3CN: C, 57.58; H, 6.71; N, 18.68. Found: C, 57.49; H, 6.85; N, 19.01.
Example 1305
4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonamide




Part A

A suspension of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol (1.37 g, 4.36 mmol) (prepared as described in Part B of Example 1303) in dichloromethane (24 mL) was maintained at 0° C. In a separate container, trichloroisocyanuric acid (632 g, 2.72 mol) and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (1.56 g, 8.4 mmol) were added at ambient temperature to dichloromethane (12 mL), stirred for 45 minutes, and the resulting solution was added dropwise to the reaction mixture containing 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-thiol over 2 minutes. Water (0.09 mL) was then added to the red solution. After about 1 hour, 4-methoxybenzylamine (2.10 mL, 16.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, which was maintained for 15 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (225 mL) and water (300 mL), and the resulting layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3×100 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 1.8 g of material. The resulting material was suspended in chloroform (20 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was purified by column chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with CMA:chloroform ranging in ratios from 0:100 to 15:85) to provide 420 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-butane-1-sulfonamide.
Part B
Anisole (108 μL, 1.0 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-butane-1-sulfonamide (400 mg, 0.83 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (8 mL) at ambient temperature and stirred for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was diluted with methanol (5-7 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 420 mg of material. The material was triturated with ethyl acetate (12 mL) to afford 234 mg of material. The material was then triturated with hot ethyl acetate, recrystallized from methanol (10 mL) and dried in a vacuum oven to provide 155 mg of colorless crystals. The material was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by column chromatography on a HORIZON HPFC system (eluting with CMA:chloroform ranging in ratios from 0:100 to 30:70) and dried in a vacuum oven to yield 128 mg of 4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonamide as a white solid, mp 211-213° C.
MS (EI) m/z 362 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H23N5O2S: C, 56.49; H, 6.41; N, 19.37. Found: C, 56.48; H, 6.56; N, 19.40.
Example 1306
(1E,Z)-4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butanal oxime




Part A

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.9 g, 27.4 mmol) was added to a solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-oxobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (12.39 g, 24.95 mmol) (prepared as described in Parts A through D of Example 57) in ethanol (300 mL) and water (200 mL). A 50% w/w solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide (3 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases were washed with water, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 11.2 g of a dark yellow solid. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel eluting with hexane and ethyl acetate. The material was then triturated with ether to obtain 5.9 g of a white powder and used as is for subsequent reactions.
Part B
6 N Hydrochloric acid solution (4 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part A (0.75 g, 1.466 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 3.5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between 1 N potassium hydroxide solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with water, washed with brine, dried over potassium carbonate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 0.4458 g of amber oil. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (60 g) eluting with CMA:chloroform in a 10:90 ratio to provide 0.1405 g of material. The material was triturated with ether, filtered, and dried at 70° C. for 18 hours to yield 0.0771 g of (1E,Z)-4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butanal oxime as a white powder, mp 211-213° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 312 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H21N5O: C, 65.57; H, 6.80; N, 22.49. Found: C, 65.12; H, 7.08; N, 22.36.
Example 1307
1-[3-(5-Phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

N-Chlorosuccinimide (0.33 g, 2.47 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part A of Example 1306 (1.15 g, 2.25 mmol) in DMF and heated to 50° C. for 2.5 hours. Phenylacetylene (0.5 mL, 4.50 mmol) and anhydrous triethylamine (0.8 mL, 5.62 mmol) were then added to the reaction mixture and heated for an additional hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel eluting with hexane and ethyl acetate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 0.70 g of material and used as is for subsequent reactions.
Part B
6 M Hydrochloric acid solution in ethanol (20 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part A (0.70 g, 1.144 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, heated to 50° C. for 6 hours and maintained overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue and the pH of the water was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. Material precipitated out of the solution and was filtered and collected. The precipitate was triturated with ether and dried under reduced pressure at 80° C. for 22 hours to yield 0.3982 g of 1-[3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 172-173° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 412 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C25H25N5O.0.3H2O: C, 72.02; H, 6.19; N, 16.80. Found: C, 71.83; H, 6.42; N, 16.81.
Example 1308
1-[3-(5-Butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

N-Chlorosuccinimide (0.38 g, 2.82 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part A of Example 1306 (1.31 g, 2.56 mmol) in DMF and heated to 50° C. for 2 hours. 1-Hexyne (0.6 mL, 5.12 mmol) and anhydrous triethylamine (0.9 mL, 6.40 mmol) were then added to the reaction mixture and heated for an additional hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (200 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate several times. The combined organic layers were washed with water, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (60 g) eluting with hexane and ethyl acetate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 0.44 g of material and used as is for subsequent reactions.
Part B
6 M Hydrochloric acid solution in ethanol (20 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part A (0.44 g, 0.7435 mmol) and stirred at 25° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue and the pH of the water was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature. Material precipitated out of the solution and was filtered and collected. The precipitate was dried under reduced pressure at 85° C. for 18 hours to yield 0.2852 g of 1-[3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan powder, mp 132-133° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 392 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C22H29N5O.0.3H2O: C, 69.60; H, 7.52; N, 17.64. Found: C, 69.52; H, 7.22; N, 17.74.
Example 1309
2-Propyl-1-[3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

N-Chlorosuccinimide (0.33 g, 2.47 mmol) was added to a solution of the material from Part A of Example 1305 (1.15 g, 2.25 mmol) in DMF and heated to 50° C. for 1.7 hours. 3-Ethynylpyridine (0.46 g, 4.50 mmol) and anhydrous triethylamine (0.8 mL, 5.62 mmol) were then added to the reaction mixture and heated for an additional hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with dichloromethane, washed sequentially with potassium carbonate solution, water, and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (60 g) eluting with hexane and ethyl acetate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 0.77 g of material and used as is for subsequent reactions.
Part B
6 M Hydrochloric acid solution in ethanol (20 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part A (0.77 g, 1.257 mmol) and stirred at 50° C. for 1.7 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue and the pH of the water was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and stirred for 45 minutes at ambient temperature. Material precipitated out of the solution and was filtered and collected. The precipitate was triturated with ether, then purified via column chromatography over silica gel (60 g eluting with CMA in chloroform in a ratio ranging from 1:99 to 10:90) to yield 0.1638 g of 2-propyl-1-[3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white crystalline solid, mp 196-198° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 413 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C24H24N6O.0.5CH4O: C, 68.75; H, 6.01; N, 19.64. Found: C, 68.58; H, 6.11; N, 19.97.
Example 1310
(1E,Z)-4-(4-Amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butanal O-methyloxime




Part A

O-Methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.18 g, 2.10 mmol) was added to a solution of di(tert-butyl) 1-(4-oxobutyl)-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (0.9462 g, 1.90 mmol) (prepared as described in Parts A through D of Example 57) in ethanol (6 mL) and water (4 mL). A 50% w/w solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 0.84 g of a dark amber solid. The material was used as is for subsequent reactions.
Part B
6 N Hydrochloric acid solution in ethanol (10 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part A (0.84 g, 1.59 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, 50° C. for 1.5 hours, and ambient temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and the pH was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and material oiled out of solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were washed with water, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 0.450 g of an amber oil. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (40 g) eluting with 1% CMA in chloroform and recrystallized for hexane/ethyl acetate. The material was further purified via column chromatography over silica gel (40 g) eluting with 1% methanol in ethyl acetate and recrystallized for hexane/ethyl acetate to provide 0.032 g of (1E,Z)-4-(4-amino-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)butanal O-methyloxime as a white crystalline solid, mp 117-119° C.;
MS (APCI) m/z 326 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H23N5O: C, 66.44; H, 7.12; N, 21.52. Found: C, 66.57; H, 7.40; N, 21.43.
Example 1311
1-[3-(1-Benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Benzylamine (51.5 g, 480 mmol) was added to (chloromethyl)trimethylsilane (19.64 g, 160 mmol) and heated at 200° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and ether and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure to afford 23.00 g of N-benzyl-N-trimethylsilanylmethyl-amine.
Part B
1 N Hydrochloric acid solution (119 mL) was added to N-benzyl-N-trimethylsilanylmethyl-amine (23.00 g, 119 mmol) and white precipitate formed. Tetrahydrofuran (650 mL), potassium cyanide (9.3 g, 143 mmol), and aqueous formaldehyde solution (37 wt. %, 12 mL, 155 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and stirred at ambient temperature for 15 hours. The mixture was extracted with ether and separated and the combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated sequentially under reduced pressure and high vacuum at ambient temperature to afford 27.80 g of (N-Benzyl-N-trimethylsilanylmethyl-amino)acetonitrile.
Part C
Di(tert-butyl) 1-pent-4-ynyl-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylimidodicarbonate (prepared as described in Parts A-E of Example 57) (6.40 g, 13.0 mmol), silver fluoride (3.6 g, 28.6 mmol), and acetonitrile (30 mL) were added sequentially to a solution of (N-Benzyl-N-trimethylsilanylmethyl-amino)acetonitrile (6.6 g, 28.6 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) and stirred at ambient temperature in the dark for 22 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a bed of activated carbon and CELITE filter agent rinsed with dichloromethane to obtain 9.43 g of a yellow oil. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (40 g) eluting with ethyl acetate to provide 4.7 g of product as a light amber solid and used as is in subsequent reactions.
Part D
6 N Hydrochloric acid in ethanol (75 mL, 75.1 mmol) was added to the material prepared in part C (4.7 g, 7.51 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with water and the pH was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford 3.12 g of white solid. The material was purified via recrystallization from isopropanol to obtain 0.5868 g of 1-[3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 150-152° C.
Anal. calcd for C27H3, N5: C, 76.20; H, 7.34; N, 16.46. Found: C, 75.95; H, 7.40; N, 16.45.
Example 1312
1-[3-(1-Benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (1.13 g, 4.98 mmol) was added to a mixture of 1-[3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example *S-35465) (2.12 g, 4.98 mmol) in toluene (60 mL) stirred and heated to 70° C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with dichloromethane, and washed with potassium carbonate solution and the phases were separated. The aqueous layers were washed with chloroform and the combined organic layers were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The dried organic mixture was filtered through a bed of activated carbon with CELITE filter agent and rinsed with hot chloroform and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 0.556 g of brown oil. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (40 g) eluting with 2-10% CMA in chloroform, recrystallized from isopropanol, and dried under reduced pressure over 1 week to afford 0.2674 g of 1-[3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a brown crystalline solid, mp 138-140° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 424 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C27H29N5: C, 76.56; H, 6.90; N, 16.53. Found: C, 76.34; H, 6.83; N, 16.41.
Example 1313
2-Propyl-1-[3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

1-[3-(1-Benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 1311) (0.475 g, 1.117 mmol) was added to dioxane (10 mL) and heated at 70° C. open to the atmosphere for 21 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, dried under high vacuum for 18 hours, triturated with ether, and filtered to afford 0.3916 g of material used as is in subsequent reactions.
Part B
Sodium metal (0.058 mg) was dissolved in a solution of liquid ammonia at −78° C. for several minutes and the solution became a dark blue color. The material from Part A (0.3916 g, 0.924 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture as a solution in THF (5 mL), and the mixture became a dark red color within minutes. After 5 minutes and 15 minutes, additional sodium metal (0.015 g and 0.023 g, respectively) was added to the reaction mixture and maintained at −78° C. for 1 hour as a light red solution. Solid ammonium chloride was added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature. The resulting slurry was diluted with dichloromethane, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure to afford 0.32 g of a yellow oil. The material was purified via column chromatography over silica gel (10 g) eluting with 2-5% CMA in chloroform, and concentrated under reduced pressure for 1 week to yield 0.1103 g of 2-propyl-1-[3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl]-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan powder, mp 173-174° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 334 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C20H23N5.0.5H2O: C, 70.15; H, 7.06; N, 20.45. Found: C, 69.90; H, 6.95; N, 20.13.
Example 1314
1-[3-(3-Isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Isobutyraldehyde (3 mL, 33.0 mmol) and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (50% w/w, 1.5 mL) were added sequentially to a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.52 g, 36.3 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) and water (80 mL) and stirred at ambient temperature for 17 hours. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 12 with 5 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic portions were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure and high vacuum to obtain 1.863 g of 2-methyl-propionaldehyde oxime.
Part B
N-Chlorosuccinimide (2.85 g, 21.4 mmol) was added in one portion to 2-methyl-propionaldehyde oxime (1.863 g, 21.4 mmol) in DMF contained in a reaction vessel cooled with an ice bath. After 10 minutes, the ice bath was removed, and the mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The solution was added to a solution of the alkyne prepared in Parts A through F of Example 614 (3.74 g, 7.53 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) cooled by an ice bath. After 1 minute, triethylamine was added to the solution which precipitated. After a couple of minutes, the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 4.7 hours, followed by stirring at ambient temperature for 3 days. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with 1 N potassium hydroxide, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and purified via column chromatography on silica gel (450 g eluting with 30-40% ethyl acetate in hexane) to afford 1.84 g of material as an amber oil.
Part C
6 M Hydrochloric acid solution in ethanol (10 mL) was added to the material obtained from Part B (1.84 g, 3.16 mmol) and stirred at 60° C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture pH was adjusted to 14 with dropwise addition of 1 N potassium hydroxide solution and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford a white solid. The material was triturated with ether, filtered, and dried to yield 0.9737 g of 1-[3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl]-2-propyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a white powder, mp 147.0-149° C.
Anal. calcd for C22H31N5O.0.05 CH2Cl2: C, 68.65; H, 8.13; N, 18.15. Found: C, 68.47; H, 8.31; N, 18.19.
Example 1315
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-isopropylurea




Triethylamine (2.84 mL, 20.4 mmol) was added to a suspension of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 50) (1.0 g, 4.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) and cooled to 4° C. Isopropyl isocyanate (0.44 mL, 4.48 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with chloroform (50 mL) and the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under reduced pressure to afford N-[2-(4-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]-N′-isopropylurea as tan needles, mp 237-238° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 331.24 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H26N6O.0.06CHCl3: C, 60.70; H, 7.78; N, 24.89. Found: C, 60.34; H, 8.36; N, 24.64.
Example 1316
N-[2-(4-Amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide




Triethylamine (2.84 mL, 20.4 mmol) was added to a suspension of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 50) (1.0 g, 4.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) and cooled to 4° C. 4-Morpholinecarbonyl chloride (0.61 g, 4.08 mmol) was added in dichloromethane (5 mL) dropwise over 5 minutes to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed sequentially with water (50 mL), 4% sodium bicarbonate (2×50 mL), water (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (80 g, eluting with mixtures of chloroform and CMA). The material was crystallized from acetonitrile to provide N-[2-(4-amino-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-yl)ethyl]morpholine-4-carboxamide as orange needles, mp 187-188° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 359.21 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H26N6O2: C, 60.32; H, 7.31; N, 23.45. Found: C, 60.10; H, 7.34; N, 23.68.
Example 1317
N-(1-Isobutyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-yl)acetamide




Triethylamine (0.49 mL, 3.53 mmol) was added to a suspension of 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 3) (0.75 g, 2.95 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) and cooled to 4° C. Acetyl chloride (0.255 g, 3.24 mmol) was added in dichloromethane (5 mL) dropwise over 5 minutes to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (25 mL) and washed sequentially with water (25 mL), 4% sodium bicarbonate (2×25 mL), water (25 mL), and brine (25 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (80 g, eluting with 0-20% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and recrystallized from diethyl ether to yield 0.49 g of N-(1-isobutyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-yl)acetamide as white crystals, mp 130-131° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 297.16 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C17H20N4O: C, 68.90; H, 6.80; N, 18.90. Found: C, 68.96; H, 6.64; N, 19.14.
Example 1318
Ethyl 1-isobutyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylcarbamate




Triethylamine (0.49 mL, 3.53 mmol) was added to a suspension of 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine (prepared as described in Example 3) (0.75 g, 2.95 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) and cooled to 4° C. Ethyl chloroformate (0.352 g, 3.24 mmol) was added in dichloromethane (5 mL) dropwise over 5 minutes to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (25 mL) and washed sequentially with water (25 mL), 4% sodium bicarbonate (2×25 mL), water (25 mL), and brine (25 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (80 g, eluting with 0-10% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and recrystallized from diethyl ether to afford 0.45 g of ethyl 1-isobutyl-2-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylcarbamate as white crystals, mp 120-121° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 327.18 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C18H22N4O2: C, 66.24; H, 6.79; N, 17.16. Found: C, 66.32; H, 6.62; N, 17.48.
Example 1319
Ethyl 2-methyl-1-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylcarbamate




Triethylamine (0.044 g, 0.4 mmol) was added to a suspension of the amine of Example 128 (0.07 g, 0.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) and cooled to 4° C. Ethyl chloroformate (0.024 g, 0.2 mmol) was added in dichloromethane (1 mL) dropwise over 5 minutes to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL) and washed sequentially with water (5 mL), 4% sodium bicarbonate (2×5 mL), water (5 mL), and brine (5 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (80 g, eluting with 5-30% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.044 g of ethyl 2-methyl-1-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylcarbamate as a white solid, mp 214-215° C.
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.41 (br s, 1H), 7.29 (br s, 1H), 4.11-4.05 (m, 5H), 3.27-3.21 (m, 4H), 2.99 (br s, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.72 (br s, 2H), 1.81 (br s, 4H), 1.21 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).
MS (APCI) m/z 396.16 (M+H)+.
Example 1320
7-(Benzyloxy)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine




Part A

Pyridine (1.30 mL, 16.12 mmol) was added to a suspension of 6-benzyloxyindole (3.0 g, 13.44 mmol) in diethylether (20 mL) cooled to 4° C. Chloroethyl oxalate (2.02 g, 14.78 mmol) was added in diethylether (7 mL) dropwise over 5 minutes to the reaction mixture and maintained at ambient temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with diethylether (30 mL) and the yellow precipitate was collected via filtration and washed with diethylether. The solid was suspended in water (20 mL), stirred for 10 minutes, and the solid was harvested by filtration and dried to provide 3.5 g of 6-benzyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-oxo-acetic acid ethyl ester as a yellow solid.
Part B
Acetyl chloride (1.49 mL, 21.02 mmol), acetic acid (6M, 1.75 mL), and ethylhydrazine oxalate (3.2 g, 21.02 mmol) were sequentially added to a suspension of 6-benzyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-oxo-acetic acid ethyl ester (3.4 g, 10.51 mmol) in ethanol (53 mL) and heated at reflux temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the insoluble material was removed via filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, purified via column chromatography on silica gel (80 g, eluting with 0-10% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield 1.34 g of 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one as a brown solid, mp 240-241° C.
Part C
Phosphorous oxychloride (15 mL) was added to 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one (1.20 g, 3.76 mmol) and heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the poured onto crushed ice while stirring. 6 N Sodium hydroxide solution was added to the suspension at 4° C. and the solid was harvested by filtration and dried to afford 1.23 g of 7-benzyloxy-4-chloro-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline as a yellow solid, mp 155-157° C.
Part D
A mixture of 7-benzyloxy-4-chloro-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline (1.20 g, 3.55 mmol) and 7 N ammonia in methanol (25 mL) was heated in a pressure vessel at 150° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, purified via column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 0-35% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.93 g of 7-(benzyloxy)-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-amine as a tan solid, mp 229-230° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 319.13 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C19H18N4O.0.1HCl: C, 70.87; H, 5.67; N, 17.40. Found: C, 70.66; H, 5.92; N, 17.57.
Example 1321
4-Amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol




A suspension of 7-benzyloxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-ylamine (prepared as described in Example 1320) (0.80 g, 2.51 mmol) in ethanol (80 mL) and methanol (20 mL) and palladium on carbon (10% palladium w/w on carbon) (0.4 g,) were combined in a pressure vessel and placed under hydrogen pressure ((50 psi (3.4×105 Pa)) for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with DMF (50 mL), filtered through CELITE filter agent, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (eluting with 20-50% CMA/chloroform), concentrated under reduced pressure, and crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 0.31 g of 4-amino-2-ethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-7-ol as a light-yellow solid, mp 214-215° C.
MS (APCI) m/z 229.10 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for C12H12N4O: C, 63.15; H, 5.30; N, 24.55. Found: C, 62.91; H, 4.99; N, 24.65.
Exemplary Compounds
Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (IIIa, IIIb, IVa, VIIa, VIIa, VIIIa, or IXa) and the following R1, and R2 substituents, wherein each line of the table represents a specific compound.














IIIa








 



IIIb








 



IVa








 



VIa








 



VIIa








 



VIIIa








 



IXa








 








R1
R2





methyl
hydrogen


methyl
methyl


methyl
ethyl


methyl
n-propyl


methyl
n-butyl


methyl
benzyl


methyl
2-methoxyethyl


methyl
2-hydroxyethyl


ethyl
hydrogen


ethyl
methyl


ethyl
ethyl


ethyl
n-propyl


ethyl
n-butyl


ethyl
benzyl


ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
hydrogen


2-methanesulfonylethyl
methyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
ethyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
n-propyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
n-butyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
benzyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methanesulfonylethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
hydrogen


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
methyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
ethyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
n-propyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
n-butyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
benzyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-hydroxybutyl
hydrogen


4-hydroxybutyl
methyl


4-hydroxybutyl
ethyl


4-hydroxybutyl
n-propyl


4-hydroxybutyl
n-butyl


4-hydroxybutyl
benzyl


4-hydroxybutyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-hydroxybutyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-aminoethyl
hydrogen


2-aminoethyl
methyl


2-aminoethyl
ethyl


2-aminoethyl
n-propyl


2-aminoethyl
n-butyl


2-aminoethyl
benzyl


2-aminoethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-aminoethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(cyclopropanecarbonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(benzoylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(2-propanecarbonylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
methyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
ethyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
benzyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
methyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
ethyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
benzyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(3-phenylureido)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
methyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
ethyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
benzyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(3-pyridinylureido)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
methyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
ethyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
benzyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[3,3-(dimethyl)ureido]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl









Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (IIIa, IIIb, IVa, VIa, VIIa, VIIIa, or IXa) and the following R1, and R2 substituents, wherein each line of the table represents a specific compound.














IIIa








 



IIIb








 



IVa








 



VIa








 



VIIa








 



VIIIa








 



IXa








 








R1
R2





2-(propvlsulfonvl)ethvl
hydrogen


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
methyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
ethyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
benzyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
hydrogen


2,2-dimethylpropyl
methyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
ethyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
n-propyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
n-butyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
benzyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2,2-dimethylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-phenylethyl
hydrogen


2-phenylethyl
methyl


2-phenylethyl
ethyl


2-phenylethyl
n-propyl


2-phenylethyl
n-butyl


2-phenylethyl
benzyl


2-phenylethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-phenylethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
methyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
ethyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
benzyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl









Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (IIIa, IIIb, IVa, VIa, VIIa, VIIIa, or IXa) and the following R1, and R2 substituents, wherein each line of the table represents a specific compound.














IIIa








 



IIIb








 



IVa








 



VIa








 



VIIa








 



VIIIa








 



IXa








 








R1
R2





n-butyl
hydrogen


n-butyl
methyl


n-butyl
ethyl


n-butyl
n-propyl


n-butyl
n-butyl


n-butyl
benzyl


n-butyl
2-methoxyethyl


n-butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-aminobutyl
hydrogen


4-aminobutyl
methyl


4-aminobutyl
ethyl


4-aminobutyl
n-propyl


4-aminobutyl
n-butyl


4-aminobutyl
benzyl


4-aminobutyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-aminobutyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-amino-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-acetoxybutyl
hydrogen


4-acetoxybutyl
methyl


4-acetoxybutyl
ethyl


4-acetoxybutyl
n-propyl


4-acetoxybutyl
n-butyl


4-acetoxybutyl
benzyl


4-acetoxybutyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-acetoxybutyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
methyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
ethyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
benzyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
methyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
ethyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
benzyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
methyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
ethyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
benzyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
hydrogen


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
methyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
ethyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
n-propyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
n-butyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
benzyl


4-[(mcthylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
hydrogen


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
methyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
ethyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
n-propyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
n-butyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
benzyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-(propionylaniino)propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyetbyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(3-isopropyllisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
methyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
ethyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
benzyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
hydrogen


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
methyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
ethyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
n-propyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
n-butyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
benzyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]on-2-en-4-yl)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


pent-4-ynyl
hydrogen


pent-4-ynyl
methyl


pent-4-ynyl
ethyl


pent-4-ynyl
n-propyl


pent-4-ynyl
n-butyl


pent-4-ynyl
benzyl


pent-4-ynyl
2-methoxyethyl


pent-4-ynyl
2-hydroxyethyl









Certain exemplary compounds, including some of those described above in the Examples, have the following Formula (IIIa, IIIb, IVa, VIa, VIIa, VIIIa, or IXa) and the following R1, and R2 substituents, wherein each line of the table represents a specific compound.














IIIa








 



IIIb








 



IVa








 



VIa








 



VIIa








 



VIIIa








 



IXa








 








R1
R2





aminomethyl
hydrogen


aminomethyl
methyl


aminomethyl
ethyl


ammomethyl
n-propyl


aminomethyl
n-butyl


aminomethyl
benzyl


aminomethyl
2-methoxyethyl


aminomethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
hydrogen


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
methyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
ethyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
n-propyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
n-butyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
benzyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
2-methoxyethyl


piperidin-4-ylmethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
hydrogen


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
methyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
ethyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
n-propyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
n-butyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
benzyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
2-methoxyethyl


(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
2-hydroxyethyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
hydrogen


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
methyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
ethyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
n-propyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
n-butyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
benzyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
2-methoxyethyl


(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl
2-hydroxyethyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
hydrogen


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
methyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
ethyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
n-propyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
n-butyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
benzyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
2-methoxyethyl


{1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)}methyl
2-hydroxyethyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
hydrogen


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
methyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
ethyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
n-propyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
n-butyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
benzyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
2-methoxyethyl


[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
methyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
ethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
benzyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
methyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
ethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
benzyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(acetylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
methyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
ethyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
benzyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(propionylamino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
methyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
ethyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
benzyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
hydrogen


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
methyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
ethyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
n-propyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
n-butyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
benzyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
hydrogen


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
methyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
ethyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
n-propyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
n-butyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
benzyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
methyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
ethyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
benzyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
hydrogen


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
methyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
ethyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
n-propyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
n-butyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
benzyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
hydrogen


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
methyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
ethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
n-propyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
n-butyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
benzyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
methyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
ethyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
benzyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
hydrogen


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
methyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
ethyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-propyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
n-butyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
benzyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


hydroxymethyl
hydrogen


hydroxymethyl
methyl


hydroxymethyl
ethyl


hydroxymethyl
n-propyl


hydroxymethyl
n-butyl


hydroxymethyl
benzyl


hydroxymethyl
2-methoxyethyl


hydroxymethyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
hydrogen


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
methyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
ethyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
n-propyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
n-butyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
benzyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
hydrogen


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
methyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
ethyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
n-propyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
n-butyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
benzyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
hydrogen


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
methyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
ethyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
n-propyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
n-butyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
benzyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
2-methoxyethyl


2-cyano-2-methylpropyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(hydroxylmino)butyl
hydrogen


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
methyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
ethyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
n-propyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
n-butyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
benzyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(hydroxyimino)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
hydrogen


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
methyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
ethyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
n-propyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
n-butyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
benzyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
2-methoxyethyl


4-(methoxyimino)butyl
2-hydroxyethyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
hydrogen


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
methyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
ethyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
n-propyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
n-butyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
benzyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
2-methoxyethyl


5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
hydrogen


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
methyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
ethyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-propyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
n-butyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
benzyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-methoxyethyl


3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl
2-hydroxyethyl









Compounds of the invention have been found to modulate cytokine biosynthesis by inducing the production of interferon α and/or tumor necrosis factor α when tested using the method described below.
Cytokine Induction in Human Cells
An in vitro human blood cell system is used to assess cytokine induction. Activity is based on the measurement of interferon (α) and tumor necrosis factor (α) (IFN-α and TNF-α, respectively) secreted into culture media as described by Testerman et. al. in “Cytokine Induction by the Immunomodulators Imiquimod and S-27609”, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 58, 365-372 (September, 1995).
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
Whole blood from healthy human donors is collected by venipuncture into vacutainer tubes or syringes containing EDTA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are separated from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation using HISTOPAQUE-1077 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) or Ficoll-Paque Plus (Amersham Biosciences Piscataway, N.J.). Blood is diluted 1:1 with Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) or Hank's Balanced Salts Solution (HBSS). Alternately, whole blood is placed in Accuspin (Sigma) or LeucoSep (Greiner Bio-One, Inc., Longwood, Fla.) centrifuge frit tubes containing density gradient medium. The PBMC layer is collected and washed twice with DPBS or HBSS and re-suspended at 4×106 cells/mL in RPMI complete. The PBMC suspension is added to 96 well flat bottom sterile tissue culture plates containing an equal volume of RPMI complete media containing test compound.
Compound Preparation
The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO concentration should not exceed a final concentration of 1% for addition to the culture wells. The compounds are generally tested at concentrations ranging from 30-0.014 μM. Controls include cell samples with media only, cell samples with DMSO only (no compound), and cell samples with reference compound.
Incubation
The solution of test compound is added at 60 μM to the first well containing RPMI complete and serial 3 fold dilutions are made in the wells. The PBMC suspension is then added to the wells in an equal volume, bringing the test compound concentrations to the desired range (usually 30-0.014 μM). The final concentration of PBMC suspension is 2×106 cells/mL. The plates are covered with sterile plastic lids, mixed gently and then incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 37° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.
Separation
Following incubation the plates are centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 rpm (approximately 200×g) at 4° C. The cell-free culture supernatant is removed and transferred to sterile polypropylene tubes. Samples are maintained at −30 to −70° C. until analysis. The samples are analyzed for IFN-α by ELISA and for TNF-α by IGEN/BioVeris Assay.
Interferon (α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (α) Analysis
IFN-α concentration is determined with a human multi-subtype calorimetric sandwich ELISA (Catalog Number 41105) from PBL Biomedical Laboratories, Piscataway, N.J. Results are expressed in pg/mL.
The TNF-α concentration is determined by ORIGEN M-Series Immunoassay and read on an IGEN M-8 analyzer from BioVeris Corporation, formerly known as IGEN International, Gaithersburg, Md. The immunoassay uses a human TNF-α capture and detection antibody pair (Catalog Numbers AHC3419 and AHC3712) from Biosource International, Camarillo, Calif. Results are expressed in pg/mL.
Assay Data and Analysis
In total, the data output of the assay consists of concentration values of TNF-α and IFN-α (y-axis) as a function of compound concentration (x-axis).
Analysis of the data has two steps. First, the greater of the mean DMSO (DMSO control wells) or the experimental background (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-α and 40 pg/mL for TNF-α) is subtracted from each reading. If any negative values result from background subtraction, the reading is reported as “*”, and is noted as not reliably detectable. In subsequent calculations and statistics, “*”, is treated as a zero. Second, all background subtracted values are multiplied by a single adjustment ratio to decrease experiment to experiment variability. The adjustment ratio is the area of the reference compound in the new experiment divided by the expected area of the reference compound based on the past 61 experiments (unadjusted readings). This results in the scaling of the reading (y-axis) for the new data without changing the shape of the dose-response curve. The reference compound used is 2-[4-amino-2-ethoxymethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-α,α-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]ethanol hydrate (U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,784; Example 91) and the expected area is the sum of the median dose values from the past 61 experiments.
The minimum effective concentration is calculated based on the background-subtracted, reference-adjusted results for a given experiment and compound. The minimum effective concentration (1 molar) is the lowest of the tested compound concentrations that induces a response over a fixed cytokine concentration for the tested cytokine (usually 20 pg/mL for IFN-α and 40 pg/mL for TNF-α). The maximal response (pg/mL) is the maximal response attained in the dose response curve.
Certain compounds of the invention may modulate cytokine biosynthesis by inhibiting production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) when tested using the method described below.
TNF-α Inhibition in Mouse Cells
The mouse macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 is used to assess the ability of compounds to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Single Concentration Assay:
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
Raw cells (ATCC) are harvested by gentle scraping and then counted. The cell suspension is brought to 3×105 cells/mL in RPMI with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cell suspension (100 μL) is added to 96-well flat bottom sterile tissues culture plates (Becton Dickinson Labware, Lincoln Park, N.J.). The final concentration of cells is 3×104 cells/well. The plates are incubated for 3 hours. Prior to the addition of test compound the medium is replaced with colorless RPMI medium with 3% FBS.
Compound Preparation
The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO concentration should not exceed a final concentration of 1% for addition to the culture wells. Compounds are tested at 5 μM. LPS (Lipopolysaccaride from Salmonella typhimurium, Sigma-Aldrich) is diluted with colorless RPMI to the EC70 concentration as measured by a dose response assay.
Incubation
A solution of test compound (1 μl) is added to each well. The plates are mixed on a microtiter plate shaker for 1 minute and then placed in an incubator. Twenty minutes later the solution of LPS (1 μL, EC70 concentration  ̃10 ng/ml) is added and the plates are mixed for 1 minute on a shaker. The plates are incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 37° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.
TNF-α Analysis
Following the incubation the supernatant is removed with a pipet. TNF-α concentration is determined by ELISA using a mouse TNF-α kit (from Biosource International, Camarillo, Calif.). Results are expressed in pg/mL. TNF-α expression upon LPS stimulation alone is considered a 100% response.
Dose Response Assay:
Blood Cell Preparation for Culture
Raw cells (ATCC) are harvested by gentle scraping and then counted. The cell suspension is brought to 4×105 cells/mL in RPMI with 10% FBS. Cell suspension (250 μL) is added to 48-well flat bottom sterile tissues culture plates (Costar, Cambridge, Mass.). The final concentration of cells is 1×105 cells/well. The plates are incubated for 3 hours. Prior to the addition of test compound the medium is replaced with colorless RPMI medium with 3% FBS.
Compound Preparation
The compounds are solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO concentration should not exceed a final concentration of 1% for addition to the culture wells. Compounds are tested at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 5 and 10 μM. LPS (Lipopolysaccaride from Salmonella typhimurium, Sigma-Aldrich) is diluted with colorless RPMI to the EC70 concentration as measured by dose response assay.
Incubation
A solution of test compound (200 μl) is added to each well. The plates are mixed on a microtiter plate shaker for 1 minute and then placed in an incubator. Twenty minutes later the solution of LPS (200 μL, EC70 concentration  ̃10 ng/ml) is added and the plates are mixed for 1 minute on a shaker. The plates are incubated for 18 to 24 hours at 37° C. in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.
TNF-α Analysis
Following the incubation the supernatant is removed with a pipet. TNF-α concentration is determined by ELISA using a mouse TNF-α kit (from Biosource International, Camarillo, Calif.). Results are expressed in pg/mL. TNF-α expression upon LPS stimulation alone is considered a 100% response.
The complete disclosures of the patents, patent documents, and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each were individually incorporated. The present invention has been described with reference to several embodiments thereof. The foregoing illustrative embodiments and examples have been provided for clarity of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations are to be understood therefrom. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention is intended to be limited only by the claims that follow.

## Claims

1. A compound of the formula (II):




wherein:
RA1 and RB1 taken together form a fused 5 to 7 membered saturated ring, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more R groups;
R is selected from the group consisting of:
halogen,
hydroxy,
alkyl,
alkenyl,
haloalkyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, and
—N(R9)2;

R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4,
—X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
—X—R5;

R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4, and
—X—R5;

X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
—O—,
—S(O)0-2—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—,
—C(R6)—O—,
—O—C(R6)—,
—O—C(O)—O—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
—O—N(R8)-Q-,
—O—N═C(R4)—,
—C(═N—O—R8)—,
—C(═N—O—R8)—NH—,
—CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,





R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4,
—X—Y—X1—Y1—R4, and
—X—R5; wherein
X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one —O— group;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
—O—,
—S(O)2—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—,
—C(O)—,
—C(O)—O—,
—O—C(O)—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(O)—N(R8)—,





X1 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and arylene;
Y1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—S—,
—C(O)—,
—C(O)—O—,
—C(O)—N(R8)—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—, and
—N(R8)—C(O)—;

R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, and N(R4)—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—S—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7.

3. The compound or salt of claim 2 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5alkyl, C2-5alkynyl, arylC1-4alkylenyl, cycloalkylC1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl-O—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl-NH—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4alkylenyl, haloC1-4alkylenyl, aminoC1-4alkylenyl, cyanoC1-4alkylenyl, hydroxyiminoC2-5alkylenyl, C1-4alkoxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, amino(hydroxyimino)C2-5alkylenyl, NH2—C(O)—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-C(O)—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkyl-C(O)—O—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-6alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-6alkyl-O—C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl and aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two halogen groups, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, di(C1-4alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, di(C1-4alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkylamino-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl, di(C1-4alkyl)amino-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl, C1-4alkylamino-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl, amino-S(O)2—C1-4alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and alkyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl and heterocyclyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, and oxo.

4. The compound or salt of claim 3 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, pent-4-ynyl, 2-phenylethyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminoethyl, 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl, 2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino)propyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, 2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl, 3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 4-[dimethylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(acetylamino)ethyl, 2(propionylamino)ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamino)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(3,4-difluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino)ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]euyl, 2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, (1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, 1-(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl, [1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, 2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-lyl)butyl, 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(3 isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(SH)-yl)butyl, 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-1[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 4-(hydroxyimino)butyl, 4(methoxyimino)butyl, and 5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl.

5. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4, and
—X—Y—R4; wherein
X is alkylene that is optionally terminated by arylene or heterocyclylene;
Y is selected from the group consisting of
—S(O)2—,
—C(O)—,
—C(O)—O—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(O)—N(R8)—, and





R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, aryloxyalkylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and in the case of heterocyclyl, oxo;
R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is in selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, and arylalkylenyl; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—, and —S(O)2—N(R8)—.

6. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and hydroxyalkylenyl.

7. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5alkyl, C1-4alkoxyC1-4alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4alkylenyl, and arylC1-4alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl.

8. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino/butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and benzyl.

9. A compound of the formula (VIII):




wherein:
R is selected from the group consisting of:
halogen,
hydroxy,
alkyl,
alkenyl,
haloalkyl,
alkoxy,
alkylthio, and
—N(R9)2;

R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4,
−X—Y—X—Y—R4, and
—X—R5;

R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4, and
—X—R5;

n is 0 to 4;
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
—O—,
—S(O)0-2—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—,
—C(R6)—O—,
—O—C(R6)—,
—O—C(O)—O—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
—O—N(R8)-Q-,
—O—N═C(R4)—,
—C(═N—O—R8)—,
—C(═N—O—R8)—NH—,
—CH(—N(−O—R8)-Q-R4)—,





R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxy, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2—, and N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of claim 1 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

11. A method of inducing cytokine biosynthesis in an animal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or salt of claim 1 to the animal.

12. The compound or salt of claim 1 wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4, and
—X—R5; wherein
X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, heteroarylene, and heterocyclylene wherein the alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene groups can be optionally interrupted or terminated by arylene, heteroarylene or heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one or more —O— groups;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
—O—,
—S(O)0-2—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—,
—C(R6)—O—,
—O—C(R6)—,
—O—C(O)—O—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—O—C(R6)—N(R8)—,
—C(R6)—N(OR9)—,
—O—N(R8)-Q-,
—O—N═C(R4)—,
—C(═N—O—R8),
—C(═N—O—R8)—NH—,
—CH(—N(—O—R8)-Q-R4)—,





R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, aryloxyalkylenyl, alkylarylenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, heteroaryloxyalkylenyl, alkylheteroarylenyl, and heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, hydroxyl, mercapto, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyleneoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyleneoxy, heterocyclyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (dialkylamino)alkyleneoxy, and in the case of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, —S(O)0-2, and —N(R4)—;
A′ is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S(O)0-2—, —N(-Q-R4)—, and —CH2—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —C(R6)—C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(R6)—O—, —C(R6)—S—, and —C(R6)—N(OR9)—;
V is selected from the group consisting of —C(R6)—, —O—C(R6)—, —N(R8)—C(R6)—, and —S(O)2—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(O)—, and —S(O)2—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7.

13. The compound or salt of claim 9, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and methoxy, and n is 1.

14. The compound or salt of claim 9, wherein n is 0.

15. The compound or salt of claim 9, 13, or 14, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—R4,
—X—R4,
—X—Y—R4,
—X—Y—X1−Y1—R4, and
—X—R5; wherein
X is alkylene that is optionally interrupted or terminated by heterocyclylene and optionally interrupted by one —O— group;
Y is selected from the group consisting of:
—O—,
—S(O)2—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—,
—C(O)—,
—C(O)—O—,
—O—C(O)—,
—N(R8)-Q-,
—C(O)—N(R8)—,





X1 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene and arylene;
Y1 is selected from the group consisting of:
—S—,
—C(O)—,
—C(O)—O—,
—C(O)—N(R8)—,
—S(O)2—N(R8)—, and
—N(R8)—C(O)—;

R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkylenyl, alkynyl, arylalkylenyl, and arylalkenylenyl, wherein the alkyl, aryl, arylalkylenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heteroarylalkylenyl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, dialkylamino, and in the case of alkyl and heterocyclyl, oxo;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of:




R6 is selected from the group consisting of ═O and ═S;
R7 is C2-7 alkylene;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, hydroxyalkylenyl, arylalkylenyl, and heteroarylalkylenyl;
R10 is C3-8 alkylene;
A is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C(O)—, and —N(R4)—;
Q is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R6)—, —S(O)2—, —C(R6)—N(R8)—W—, —S(O)2—N(R8)—, —C(O)—O—, and —C(O)—S—;
W is selected from the group consisting of a bond and —C(O)—; and
a and b are independently integers from 1 to 6 with the proviso that a+b is ≦7.

16. The compound or salt of claim 15, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C2-5 alkynyl, arylC1-4 alkylenyl, cycloalkylC1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl-NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, haloC1-4 alkylenyl, aminoC1-4 alkylenyl, cyanoC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkoxyiminoC2-5 alkylenyl, amino(hydroxyimino)C2-5 alkylenyl, NH2—C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—O—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-6 alkyl-O—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl and aryl-NH—C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two halogen groups, heteroaryl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, aryl-S(O)2—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroaryl-NH—C(S)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4 alkyl)amino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl, di(C1-4alkyl)amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, C1-4 alkylamino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, amino-S(O)2—C1-4 alkylenyl, heteroarylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, and alkyl, and heterocyclylC1-4 alkylenyl and heterocyclyl-C(O)—NH—C1-4 alkylenyl wherein heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of arylalkylenyl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, and alkylaminocarbonyl, and oxo.

17. The compound or salt of claim 16, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, pent-4-ynyl, 2-phenylethy, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-amino-2-methylpropyl, aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 4-aminobutyl, 2-cyano-2-methylpropyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 4-(methylsulfonyl)butyl, 3-(phenylsulfonyl)propyl, 2-methyl-2-{2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy]propyl, 2-methyl-2-{[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]amino}propyl, 4-acetoxybutyl, 2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl, 3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)aminopropyl, 2-(2-propanesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzenesulfonylamino)ethyl, 2-(dimethylaminosulfonylamino)ethyl, 4-(aminosulfonyl)butyl, 4-[(methylamino)sulfonyl]butyl, 4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyllbutyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-(acetylamino)ethyl, 2-(propionylamino)ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-methyl-2-(propionylamnio)propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-methyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]propyl, 2-(acetylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 2-(benzoylamino)-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]ethyl, 2-[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(3,4-difluororobenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-[(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 2-(isobutyrylamino)ethyl, 2-{[(ethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino/butyl, 2-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, (1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, 1-[(propylamino)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl, [1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, 2-(1,1-dioxidoisothiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl, 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(1-benzyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propyl, 4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl, 3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-butylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 3-(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)propyl, 3-(5-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-3-yl)propyl, 4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-4(5H)-yl)butyl, 4-(3-methyl-1-oxa-2,4-diazaspiro[4.4]non-2-en-4-yl)butyl, 2-{[(pyridin-3-ylamino)carbonothioyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-{[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 2-({[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)ethyl, 2-({[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino}ethyl, 4-(hydroxyimino)butyl, 4-(methoxyimino)butyl, and 5-amino-5-(hydroxyimino)pentyl.

18. The compound or salt of claim 9, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, alkoxyalkylenyl, and hydroxyalkylenyl.

19. The compound or salt of claim 9, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxyC1-4 alkylenyl, hydroxyC1-4 alkylenyl, and arylC1-4 alkylenyl wherein aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, cyano, and methoxycarbonyl.

20. The compound or salt of claim 9 or 14 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl, 2-methanesulfonylethyl, 2-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]propyl, 2-[(cyclohexylcarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, 2-{[(isopropylamino)carbonyl]amino}ethyl, 4-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino/butyl, 2-(benzoylamino)ethyl, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxopentyl, and 4-methanesulfonylaminobutyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and 2-hydroxyethyl.