1 Defendant Boey was defaulted by order dated January 18,

2007 (document no. 122), and judgment was entered against Barber

by order dated September 3, 2008 (document no. 147).

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Securities and Exchange

Commission,

Plaintiff

v. Civil No. 07-cv-39-SM

Opinion No. 2009 DNH 101

Piyush G. Patel; David J.

Kirkpatrick; Eric Jaeger;

Lawrence Collins; Michael A.

Skubisz; Jerry A. Shanahan;

and Hor Chong (David) Boey,

Defendants

O R D E R

Before the court are motions to dismiss the SEC’s First

Amended Complaint filed by defendants Patel, Kirkpatrick, Jaeger,

Collins, and Shanahan, as well as a motion for judgment on the

pleadings filed by defendant Skubisz.1 All six motions are duly

opposed.

The amended complaint appears to be drafted in much the same

style as the original complaint. In each of four orders on the

initial round of motions to dismiss, the court described the

SEC’s pleading strategy and commented on its unhelpfulness. For

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 1 of 7
2

example, in the order on Collins’ motion to dismiss, the court

observed: 

Given the way the SEC has stated its claims in

Counts I and III – incorporating by reference all 187

paragraphs of factual allegations and closely

paraphrasing the statutes and rule upon which it relies

– it is difficult to determine whether the alleged

fraudulent conduct underlying those claims consists of 

an untrue statement of fact, the omission of a fact

necessary to make a prior statement not misleading, or

some other manipulative or deceptive act. It is

similarly difficult to discern precisely what

statements by Collins, if any, the SEC alleges to have

been false. 

(Order on Collins’ Mot. to Dismiss (document no. 130) at 21-22.) 

This court is not alone in struggling to decipher the SEC’s

pleading style; the Northern District of California recently

observed:

[B]ecause the complaint alleges the facts in a

narrative form, and the claims in question do not refer

specifically to any particular filings, it is difficult

to discern which filings form the bases for each claim. 

Moreover, it is not entirely clear what role Skaer

played in each filing. Because she is not alleged to

have signed any of the filings, but rather to have

assisted in their drafting and preparation, specificity

regarding her conduct is particularly important. 

Accordingly, the Court will grant the motions to

dismiss as to these claims, with leave to amend. 

SEC v. Mercury Interactive, LLC, No. C 07-2822 JF (RS), 2008 WL

4544443, at *8 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 30, 2008) (citations to the

record omitted).

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 2 of 7
3

The amended complaint contains twice as many paragraphs

reciting factual allegations as the original complaint, and

virtually the same generic claims for relief, each of which

merely incorporates by reference the 374 paragraphs of factual

background followed by a recitation or paraphrase of the statute

or rule on which it is based. That is, none of the claims

specifically identifies the conduct for which the SEC seeks to

hold each defendant liable. Moreover, while there are eight

numbered claims for relief, they encompass nearly twice as many

theories of recovery, due to the inclusion of multiple statutory

or regulatory provisions in a single claim and liberal use of the

disjunctive. All but one of the claims is directed against

“[t]he Defendants” collectively, and none of them states

particularized theories of liability against specific defendants. 

In other words, the amended complaint is not “a short and plain

statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to

relief.” FED. R. CIV. P. 8(a)(2), but a long, tedious narrative

more suited to confusing than informing.

In an ideal world, the SEC would have provided the necessary

clarification in its objections to the pending dispositive

motions. That is, plaintiff would have gone through the

complaint, count by count (or theory by theory), stating the

elements of each claim and then identifying the specific factual

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 3 of 7
2 The actual number of claims the SEC has brought is

anybody’s guess. Seven numbered claims multiplied by six

remaining defendants, plus one claim brought against four

defendants, yields a total of forty-six claims. But, several

counts are based upon two or more statutory or regulatory

provisions, and several are pled in the disjunctive, which

further increases the count. Then, with regard to the various

false-statement claims, the SEC appears to suggest that each

defendant was responsible for a dozen or more communications

containing false statements, and several of those communications

are alleged to have contained multiple misrepresentations.

4

allegations in the complaint which, if proved, would subject a

particular defendant to liability under each challenged claim. 

The court could then determine whether, under the applicable

pleading standard, plaintiff had stated a claim under one or more

of the asserted legal theories. 

Regrettably, the SEC’s objections do not work that way,

which places the court in an untenable position. Among the SEC’s

claims,2 it would appear that there are a good number that are

insufficiently supported by factual allegations and a good number

that may have been adequately stated. But, to reasonably

determine that any particular claim should not be dismissed would

require the court to first comb the complaint in search of

factual support for each element of the multiple claims pled as

to each defendant, and then evaluate the adequacy of that factual

support. That is, of course, plaintiff’s job in the first

instance, not the court’s. 

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 4 of 7
5

Plaintiff could be directed to do its job by means of

additional briefing, but, frankly, I am pessimistic about the

likely result, fearing yet more paper and as little

enlightenment. It would seem similarly ineffective to grant the

pending motions without prejudice and invite yet another amended

complaint of similar style. Accordingly, the court will schedule

a hearing at which plaintiff will, on the record, efficiently and

effectively review its claims against Patel, Kirkpatrick, Jaeger,

Collins, Skubisz, and Shanahan, defendant by defendant, and

distinct legal theory by distinct legal theory, pointing out,

element by element, the specific factual allegations pled in the

amended complaint (by paragraph number) that support each claim. 

Plaintiff will then be bound by its representations.

Because the six pending motions are in the nature of motions

to dismiss, plaintiff will avoid dismissal of any particular

claim by identifying at least one set of adequately pled factual

allegations to support it. See SEC v. Nacchio, 438 F. Supp. 2d

1266, 1279 n.7 (D. Colo. 2006) (“Where the SEC has asserted

claims supported by numerous discrete acts, each of which would

be sufficient on its own to state the claim, this Court will only

determine whether any of the acts is sufficiently pled. The

Court expresses no opinion on the sufficiency of the many

allegations in the Complaint that are not specifically discussed

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 5 of 7
6

herein.”). Here, the SEC will be held to the factual allegations

it identifies as pertinent — the court will not consider any

other potential combinations of facts pled here and there among

the hundreds of paragraphs to decide whether dismissal is

appropriate. Accordingly, the SEC should come to the hearing

prepared. Based upon the record of the hearing, in conjunction

with the briefs that have been filed, the court will rule on the

six pending motions.

SO ORDERED.

____________________________

Steven J. McAuliffe

Chief Judge

July 7, 2009

cc: Peter D. Anderson, Esq.

John R. Baraniak, Jr., Esq.

William Cintolo, Esq.

Philip G. Cormier, Esq.

Victor W. Dahar, Esq.

Maria R. Durant, Esq.

Nancy J. Gegenheimer, Esq.

Andrew Good, Esq.

Steven M. Gordon, Esq.

Miranda Hooker, Esq.

Leslie J. Hughes, Esq.

Lucy J. Karl, Esq.

William H. Kettlewell, Esq.

John C. Kissinger, Esq.

Diana K. Lloyd, Esq.

Jeffrey S. Lyons, Esq.

Richard J. McCarthy, Esq.

Peter B. Moores, Esq.

Ann Pauly, Esq.

Michelle R. Peirce, Esq.

Michael D. Ramsdell, Esq.

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 6 of 7
7

Jeffrey B. Rudman, Esq.

Jennifer M. Ryan, Esq.

James A. Scoggins, II, Esq.

Jonathan A. Shapiro, Esq.

Kevin E. Sharkey, Esq.

Bruce A. Singal, Esq.

Peter A. Spaeth, Esq.

Case 1:07-cv-00039-SM Document 182 Filed 07/07/09 Page 7 of 7