UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD 

STEVEN A. MCKINNIS,

Appellant,

v.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

Agency.

DOCKET NUMBER

DA-0432-18-0199-I-1

DATE: September 7, 2023

THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL1

Susan L. Kruger, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the appellant.

Conor Cleary, Esquire, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for the agency.

BEFORE

Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman

Raymond A. Limon, Member

Tristan L. Leavitt, Member2

Member Leavitt recused himself and

did not participate in the adjudication of this appeal.

 

1 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add 

significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders, 

but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not 

required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a 

precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board 

as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).

2 Member Leavitt’s name is included in decisions on which the three-member Board 

completed the voting process prior to his March 1, 2023 departure.
2

FINAL ORDER

¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which 

dismissed his performance-based removal appeal for lack of jurisdiction. 

Generally, we grant petitions such as this one only in the following 

circumstances: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact; 

the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation 

or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the administrative 

judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision 

were not consistent with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, 

and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material 

evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due 

diligence, was not available when the record closed. Title 5 of the Code of 

Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully 

considering the filings in this appeal, we conclude that the petitioner has not 

established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. 

Therefore, we DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, 

which is now the Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

BACKGROUND

¶2 The appellant was a GS-12 Auditor for the agency’s Office of Natural 

Resources Revenue. McKinnis v. Department of the Interior, MSPB Docket 

No. DA-0432-18-0199-I-1, Initial Appeal File (0199 IAF), Tab 1 at 1, 9. On 

October 14, 2016, the appellant filed a whistleblower complaint with the Office 

of Special Counsel (OSC), challenging a July 19, 2016 letter of reprimand. Id.

at 21-33. Throughout the following year, the appellant amended his complaint to 

include several other alleged personnel actions, culminating in a December 14,

2017 notice of proposed removal under 5 U.S.C. chapter 43. 0199 IAF, Tab 8 

at 13-17, Tab 28 at 4-56.
3

¶3 On January 10, 2018, OSC sent the appellant a preliminary determination 

letter, informing him that it planned to close its inquiry without taking corrective

action and giving him 13 days to respond. 0199 IAF, Tab 1 at 34, Tab 28 

at 57-58. Then, on January 18, 2018, the agency issued a decision to remove the

appellant from service, which the appellant forwarded to OSC on January 22,

2018. 0199 IAF, Tab 8 at 5-9, Tab 33 at 12-15. On January 30, 2018, outside the 

13 days but before OSC issued its close-out letter, the appellant received his 

separation folder from the agency. 0199 IAF, Tab 33 at 16. He forwarded the 

information to OSC in an email stating, “I received the following separation 

folder today. Please see attached. Is there anything that can be done on my 

behalf? Please advise.” 0199 IAF, Tab 33 at 16-26. The following day, 

January 31, 2018, the OSC attorney handling the appellant’s case responded by

email, informing the appellant that there was insufficient information to 

demonstrate that the removal was unfounded and that OSC would issue a 

close-out letter later that day. Id. at 66. OSC issued the close-out letter as 

promised, summarizing the appellant’s complaint as pertaining to a written 

reprimand, a 14-day suspension, a performance improvement plan (PIP), and a 

proposed removal. 0199 IAF, Tab 1 at 35. The close-out letter did not mention 

the removal action per se.

¶4 On February 16, 2018, the appellant filed an individual right of action

(IRA) appeal with the Board, which he apparently intended to encompass his 

removal as well as the various other personnel actions discussed above. 

McKinnis v. Department of the Interior, MSPB Docket No. DA-1221-18-0200-

W-1, Initial Appeal File (0200 IAF), Tab 1. Because OSC’s close-out letter did 

not specifically mention the removal action, the regional office docketed a 

separate appeal for the removal under the procedures of 5 U.S.C. chapter 43. 

0199 IAF, Tab 35, Initial Decision (ID) at 2. However, upon review of the record 

as requested by the appellant’s attorney, the administrative judge determined that 

the appellant had exhausted his administrative remedies with OSC with respect to 
4

his removal. 0200 IAF, Tab 12 at 2. She advised the parties of her intention to 

adjudicate the removal in the context of the IRA appeal and to dismiss the 

chapter 43 appeal on the basis that the appellant had made a binding election to 

challenge his removal before OSC. Id. Over the appellant’s objection, the 

administrative judge issued an initial decision dismissing the chapter 43 appeal 

for lack of jurisdiction. 0199 IAF, Tab 33; ID.

¶5 The appellant has filed a petition for review, arguing that he did not make a 

knowing and informed decision to seek corrective action from OSC on the 

removal decision. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The agency has filed a 

response the petition for review, PFR File, Tab 3, and the appellant has filed a 

reply to the agency’s response, PFR File, Tab 4.

ANALYSIS

¶6 Under 5 U.S.C. § 7121(g), an employee who has been subjected to an action

appealable to the Board and who alleges that he has been affected by a prohibited

personnel practice other than a claim of discrimination under 5 U.S.C.

§ 2302(b)(1) may elect to pursue a remedy through one, and only one, of the 

following remedial processes: (1) an appeal to the Board under 5 U.S.C. § 7701; 

(2) a grievance filed pursuant to the provisions of the negotiated grievance 

procedure; or (3) a complaint following the procedures for seeking corrective 

action from OSC under 5 U.S.C. §§ 1211–1222. Agoranos v. Department of

Justice, 119 M.S.P.R. 498, ¶ 14 (2013). Whichever remedy is sought first by an 

aggrieved employee is deemed an election of that procedure and precludes 

pursuing the matter in either of the other two forums. Agoranos, 119 M.S.P.R. 

498, ¶ 14. To be binding, however, the election must be knowing and informed; 

the employee must be aware of all of his options, and of the effect that pursuing a 

particular option will have on his ability to pursue other options. Id., ¶ 15.

¶7 The administrative judge found, and the appellant does not dispute, that the 

agency’s decision letter fully apprised him of his options for challenging the 
5

removal and of the limitations of those options. ID at 5. We agree. The decision 

letter informed the appellant that he had the right to appeal to the Board or to 

seek corrective action before OSC, but if he sought corrective action before OSC, 

the issue would be limited to whether the removal was in retaliation for 

whistleblowing, and the appellant would be forgoing his right to otherwise 

challenge the removal. 0199 IAF, Tab 8 at 7-8. We find that these provisions 

satisfy the notice requirement of 5 C.F.R. § 1201.21(d)(4).

¶8 The appellant argues, however, that his communications with OSC 

regarding the removal did not actually constitute an election to proceed in that 

forum. His argument is essentially in two parts: First, that although he apprised 

OSC of his removal, he did not request that OSC investigate the matter but 

instead asked whether anything could be done, and second, that OSC did not 

investigate the removal and did not include it in its close-out letter. PFR File, 

Tab 1 at 9-12. For the following reasons, we disagree.

¶9 Regarding the appellant’s apprising OSC of his removal, we agree that he 

did not specifically request that OSC “investigate” the matter. PFR File, Tab 1 

at 9-10; 0199 IAF, Tab 33 at 15-16. However, the governing statute does not 

require a complainant to use any particular words to invoke OSC’s remedial 

authority; it requires only an “allegation of a prohibited personnel practice.” 

5 U.S.C. § 1214(a)(1)(A). In this case, the appellant not only informed OSC of 

the January 18, 2018 removal action, but also did so in the context of his ongoing 

whistleblower complaint and asked OSC whether it could do anything about the 

removal. 0199 IAF, Tab 33 at 12-16. We agree with the administrative judge 

that this was a rather unambiguous request for corrective action. ID at 4-5.

¶10 Regarding OSC’s handling of the removal, we agree with the appellant that 

OSC did not mention the removal in its close-out letter and does not appear to

have conducted a separate investigation of it. 0199 IAF, Tab 1 at 35; PFR File,

Tab 1 at 10-12. Nevertheless, OSC’s failure to specifically mention removal in

its close-out letter is not dispositive of the issue. In McVay v. Arkansas National 
6

Guard, 80 M.S.P.R. 120, 124 (1998), the Board found that the appellant’s 

submissions to OSC were sufficient to show that he had exhausted his 

administrative remedy regarding a personnel action that was not mentioned in 

OSC’s close-out letter. Accord Costin v. Department of Health and Human 

Services, 72 M.S.P.R. 525, 534-35 (1996), modified on other grounds by Costin v. 

Department of Health and Human Services, 75 M.S.P.R. 242 (1997). As 

explained above, the appellant’s submissions to OSC are sufficient to show that 

he elected to seek corrective action rather than file a Board appeal.

¶11 We also find that election of remedies is not predicated on OSC conducting 

a full investigation into the allegations at issue. Under 5 U.S.C. § 1214(a)(1)(A), 

OSC “shall investigate the allegation to the extent necessary to determine whether 

there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has 

occurred, exists, or is to be taken.” In this case, OSC had been in possession of 

the underlying PIP documents and notice of proposed removal for some time 

before the appellant was removed, and indeed had already issued a preliminary 

determination letter concerning those matters. 0199 IAF, Tab 28 at 51 -52, 57, 61. 

When the appellant forwarded OSC the information concerning the removal 

decision itself, the OSC attorney reviewed that information and found that there 

was nothing in there to warrant further investigation. Id. at 66. We therefore find 

that OSC carried out its statutory duty with respect to the appellant’s removal. 

Furthermore, after reviewing the appellant’s removal-related information, the 

OSC attorney replied to him as follows:

I have reviewed all of the documents you sent, but unfortunately I do 

not think that OSC has enough to demonstrate that your assignments 

were not late.[3] However, just because OSC does not take on your 

case, does not mean you cannot continue to challenge the removal. 

Later today, I will be sending you a closure letter and an Individual 

Right of Action. An individual right of action gives you the ability 

to file with the Merit Systems Protection Board.

 

3

The appellant’s removal was based on his alleged failure to complet e or timely 

complete his work assignments. 0199 IAF, Tab 8 at 7, 15-16.
7

Id. Clearly, the OSC attorney handling the appellant’s case contemplated that he 

would be able to challenge his removal in an IRA appeal, and had thus exhausted

his administrative remedies with respect to the removal. See Yunus v. 

Department of Veterans Affairs, 242 F.3d 1367, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (finding 

that the Board has jurisdiction over an IRA appeal if, among other things, the 

appellant has exhausted his administrative remedies before OSC).

¶12 For these reasons, we find that it was both the appellant’s intention and 

OSC’s understanding that he had elected to seek corrective action regarding his 

removal. We therefore agree with the administrative judge that the appellant is 

precluded from challenging his removal as an otherwise appealable action 

pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 4303(e) under the provisions of 5 U.S.C. § 7701. See 

5 U.S.C. § 7121(g).

NOTICE OF APPEAL RIGHTS4

You may obtain review of this final decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(a)(1). By 

statute, the nature of your claims determines the time limit for seeking such 

review and the appropriate forum with which to file. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b). 

Although we offer the following summary of available appeal rights, the Merit 

Systems Protection Board does not provide legal advice on which option is most 

appropriate for your situation and the rights described below do not represent a 

statement of how courts will rule regarding which cases fall within their 

jurisdiction. If you wish to seek review of this final decision, you should 

immediately review the law applicable to your claims and carefully follow all 

filing time limits and requirements. Failure to file within the applicable time 

limit may result in the dismissal of your case by your chosen forum. 

 

4

Since the issuance of the initial decision in this matter, the Board may have updated 

the notice of review rights included in final decisions. As indicated in the notice, the 

Board cannot advise which option is most appropriate in any matter.
8

Please read carefully each of the three main possible choices of review 

below to decide which one applies to your particular case. If you have questions 

about whether a particular forum is the appropriate one to review your case, you 

should contact that forum for more information. 

(1) Judicial review in general. As a general rule, an appellant seeking 

judicial review of a final Board order must file a petition for review with the U.S. 

Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which must be received by the court 

within 60 calendar days of the date of issuance of this decision. 5 U.S.C. 

§ 7703(b)(1)(A). 

If you submit a petition for review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 

Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the 

following address: 

U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit 

717 Madison Place, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20439 

Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal 

Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular 

relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is 

contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11. 

If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to 

the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at 

http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation 

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The 

Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that 

any attorney will accept representation in a given case. 

(2) Judicial or EEOC review of cases involving a claim of 

discrimination. This option applies to you only if you have claimed that you 
9

were affected by an action that is appealable to the Board and that such action 

was based, in whole or in part, on unlawful discrimination. If so, you may obtain 

judicial review of this decision—including a disposition of your discrimination 

claims—by filing a civil action with an appropriate U.S. district court (not the 

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit), within 30 calendar days after you 

receive this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2); see Perry v. Merit Systems 

Protection Board, 582 U.S. 420 (2017). If you have a representative in this case, 

and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file 

with the district court no later than 30 calendar days after your representative

receives this decision. If the action involves a claim of discrimination based on 

race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or a disabling condition, you may be 

entitled to representation by a court-appointed lawyer and to waiver of any 

requirement of prepayment of fees, costs, or other security. See 42 U.S.C. 

§ 2000e-5(f) and 29 U.S.C. § 794a. 

Contact information for U.S. district courts can be found at their respective 

websites, which can be accessed through the link below: 

http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx. 

Alternatively, you may request review by the Equal Employment 

Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of your discrimination claims only, excluding 

all other issues. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). You must file any such request with the 

EEOC’s Office of Federal Operations within 30 calendar days after you receive

this decision. 5 U.S.C. § 7702(b)(1). If you have a representative in this case, 

and your representative receives this decision before you do, then you must file 

with the EEOC no later than 30 calendar days after your representative receives

this decision. 

If you submit a request for review to the EEOC by regular U.S. mail, the 

address of the EEOC is: 
10

Office of Federal Operations 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 

P.O. Box 77960 

Washington, D.C. 20013 

If you submit a request for review to the EEOC via commercial delivery or 

by a method requiring a signature, it must be addressed to: 

Office of Federal Operations 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 

131 M Street, N.E. 

Suite 5SW12G 

Washington, D.C. 20507 

(3) Judicial review pursuant to the Whistleblower Protection 

Enhancement Act of 2012. This option applies to you only if you have raised 

claims of reprisal for whistleblowing disclosures under 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8) or 

other protected activities listed in 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D). 

If so, and your judicial petition for review “raises no challenge to the Board’s 

disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in

section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 

2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D),” then you may file a petition for judicial 

review either with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court 

of appeals of competent jurisdiction.5The court of appeals must receive your 

petition for review within 60 days of the date of issuance of this decision. 

5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(B). 

 

5

The original statutory provision that provided for judicial review of certain 

whistleblower claims by any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction expired on 

December 27, 2017. The All Circuit Review Act, signed into law by the President on 

July 7, 2018, permanently allows appellants to file petitions for judicial review of 

MSPB decisions in certain whistleblower reprisal cases with the U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit or any other circuit court of appeals of competent jurisdiction. 

The All Circuit Review Act is retroactive to November 26, 2017. Pub. L. No. 115 -195, 

132 Stat. 1510. 
11

If you submit a petition for judicial review to the U.S. Court of Appeals for 

the Federal Circuit, you must submit your petition to the court at the 

following address: 

U.S. Court of Appeals 

for the Federal Circuit 

717 Madison Place, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20439 

Additional information about the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal 

Circuit is available at the court’s website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular 

relevance is the court’s “Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is 

contained within the court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, 10, and 11. 

If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for an appeal to 

the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, you may visit our website at 

http://www.mspb.gov/probono for information regarding pro bono representation 

for Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the Federal Circuit. The 

Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor warrants that 

any attorney will accept representation in a given case. 

Contact information for the courts of appeals can be found at their 

respective websites, which can be accessed through the link below: 

http://www.uscourts.gov/Court_Locator/CourtWebsites.aspx.

FOR THE BOARD:

Washington, D.C.

 /s/ for 

Jennifer Everling

Acting Clerk of the Board