2023 IL App (2d) 230074-U 

No. 2-23-0074 

Order filed December 26, 2023

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent 

except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT

______________________________________________________________________________ 

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court

OF ILLINOIS, ) of Kane County. 

) 

Plaintiff-Appellee, ) 

) 

v. ) No. 21-CF-88 

) 

REYNALDO TORRES, ) Honorable 

) Salvatore LoPiccolo Jr.,

Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.

______________________________________________________________________________ 

JUSTICE MULLEN delivered the judgment of the court.

Justices Hutchinson and Kennedy concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶ 1 Held: The State proved beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant committed aggravated 

criminal sexual abuse by touching his stepdaughter’s breast for sexual gratification 

or arousal.

¶ 2 After a bench trial, defendant, Reynaldo Torres, was convicted of aggravated criminal 

sexual abuse (720 ILCS 5/11-1.60(b) (West 2020)) and sentenced to 48 months’ probation. On 

appeal, he contends that he was not proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. We affirm.

¶ 3 I. BACKGROUND
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¶ 4 The State charged defendant with three counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse 

involving B.H., a family member, between February 5, 2016, and February 5, 2020. Count I 

alleged that defendant placed his hand on B.H.’s vagina. Count II alleged that he placed his hand 

on her breast. Count III alleged that he placed his hand on her thigh.

¶ 5 We summarize the trial evidence. David Smith testified as follows. He was a criminal 

investigator for the Kane County Child Advocacy Center (Center). On May 3, 2021, the Center 

began investigating defendant and his stepdaughter B.H., who was then 15 years old and had 

accused defendant of sexually abusing her in their house in Elgin. On May 6, 2021, Smith 

interviewed defendant. 

¶ 6 B.H. testified as follows through a translator. She was born on February 6, 2005. Between 

ages 7 and 17, she resided in a house in Elgin with her mother and defendant. On three occasions, 

he touched her inappropriately. The first incident occurred when she was 12 years old. She woke 

when she heard defendant in her bedroom. She then felt him touching her over the blankets on the 

side of her thigh “towards the vagina.” He did not touch her anywhere else. B.H. pushed him off 

and told him to get out of the room. He quietly left. 

¶ 7 B.H. initially testified that, when the second incident occurred, she was 15, but she later 

testified that she was 14. B.H. explained the sleeping arrangements on the night of the second 

incident: “[Defendant] had been drinking the night before, heavily, so my mom and my brother, 

they stayed in my room. They slept in my room, and I slept on the floor while they slept on the 

bed.” Her mother and her brother rarely spent the night in her room; when they did so, it was 

“[u]sually when [defendant] [was] very, very heavily drunk.” B.H. testified that she woke up

during the night and saw defendant standing over her. She felt him touch her. Asked where 

defendant touched her, B.H. initially testified, “Towards my breasts.” Asked by the trial court, 
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“Did he touch you on the breast?” she testified, “Yes, he did.” Once defendant saw that she was 

awake, he left the room.

¶ 8 B.H. testified that the third incident occurred when she was 15. Defendant entered her room 

late at night and touched her on her inner right thigh. He tried to move his hand farther, but she 

pushed him away and started yelling. Defendant left.

¶ 9 B.H. testified on cross-examination as follows. In the first incident, she woke up startled

and felt defendant touching her over the blanket. There was no skin-to-skin contact. The touch 

lasted about a second. B.H. shouted and pushed defendant away, and he left. He did not touch her 

vagina during this incident.

¶ 10 B.H. testified that the second incident occurred when she was 14. She felt a “very quick 

touch.” She did not have a blanket over her. She was wearing a tank top but no bra. There was no 

skin-to-skin contact. B.H. did not tell her mother or her brother after the incident.

¶ 11 B.H. testified that, shortly before each incident, she saw defendant drinking hard liquor.

The first two times, he appeared to be intoxicated. Before the third incident, he was drinking with 

B.H.’s mother. That same day, after the third incident, B.H. argued with her mother about 

defendant’s drinking. Defendant was present for the argument. At that time, B.H. had become 

unhappy that her mother had married defendant and hoped that she would divorce him.

¶ 12 B.H. testified that, on the day of the third incident, defendant told her that her biological 

father had abandoned her and that she should be grateful that defendant had taken her in. B.H. 

could not recall whether she told defendant that she would complain to the police about him, but 

she admitted that she might have. She emphasized that she had intended to go to the police for a 

“different reason,” namely that her mother had told her that defendant had pointed a gun at her.
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¶ 13 B.H. stated that defendant had been her stepfather since she was two or three. She liked 

him in the early years but stopped liking him after he began abusing her. Now, she “despise[s] 

him.”

¶ 14 On redirect examination, B.H. testified that a fourth and nonsexual incident occurred. B.H. 

left the house after the third incident. One night after she returned , her mother and defendant 

argued. Later that night, defendant entered B.H.’s room and asked her to drink with him. B.H. said 

no and went to her aunt’s house for the night.

¶ 15 The State’s questioning then turned to the second incident: 

“Q. Can you describe that second touch?

A. It was right here between one of the breasts [sic].

*** 

THE COURT: I didn’t get to see it. Could you show it again? So on top of your 

breast, your left breast?

THE WITNESS: Yes.

THE COURT: So the record should reflect that she placed her hand on the top 

portion of her left breast. 

BY MS. WILKINSON [(ASSISTANT STATE’S ATTORNEY)]:

Q. And, again, was that a quick touch, a rub, or something else?

A. A rub.”

¶ 16 On recross-examination, B.H. agreed with defense counsel that the second incident lasted 

only a “split second.” After the third incident, B.H. did not tell her mother what had happened, but 

she did tell her aunt. It was immediately after the third incident that defendant made his disparaging 

remarks to B.H. about her biological father.
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¶ 17 Sandra Navarrete testified that, in May 2021, she assisted Smith as a translator at 

defendant’s interview. Defendant came to the Center voluntarily and was cooperative throughout.

He admitted that he had a drinking problem and that he needed help because he would get into 

arguments with his wife. Defendant also admitted that, on two occasions, he entered B.H.’s room 

after he had been drinking. B.H. hated it when he hugged and kissed her, but he did it anyway.

When Navarrete confronted defendant with B.H.’s allegations and asked whether he “thought 

[B.H.] was a liar,” he said no. 

¶ 18 The State rested. Defendant moved for directed findings on all counts. The trial court 

granted the motion on count I, finding a lack of evidence that defendant touched B.H.’s vagina, as 

alleged. The court denied the motion on the remaining counts.

¶ 19 Defendant testified as follows. One day, his wife told him that he “could not return home” 

and that “the children were in danger.” He came home, retrieved some possessions, and rented a 

hotel room. About two weeks later, he was asked to come to the Center for an interview. He did 

so. He told Smith and Navarrete that he had a drinking habit that was causing him problems, 

namely that he would get into arguments with his wife and speak harshly to B.H.

¶ 20 Defendant testified that, in 2019 or 2020, B.H. took a trip to Mexico against his wishes; 

when she returned, she was hostile and cold toward him. She refused to do chores and spent a great 

deal of time with her grandparents. Defendant frequently scolded and argued with her. Their last 

argument occurred on “[t]he day [B.H.] fought with her mother.” On that date, defendant told B.H. 

that her biological father was irresponsible and would not take care of her.

¶ 21 Defendant testified that he never touched B.H. on her breasts or thigh for the purpose of 

sexual gratification or arousal.
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¶ 22 On cross-examination, defendant admitted that, on at least two occasions, he went to B.H.’s 

room and stood in the doorway to talk to her. Defendant could not recall the exact date he spoke 

to Smith and Navarrete. Asked whether, before he spoke to the investigators, he had a FaceTime 

conversation in which B.H. told him, “ ‘You know what you did to me,’ ” defendant responded, 

“Completely false. A lie.” Defendant testified that, on one occasion, he entered B.H.’s room and 

took a blanket off her because he was looking for his wife. He denied that he touched B.H. by 

accident while removing the blanket, but he admitted telling investigators that he might have 

touched B.H. by accident while removing the blanket. 

¶ 23 On redirect examination, defendant denied that he told investigators that he needed to stop

his drinking because he was touching B.H.; rather, he told them that he needed to stop because of 

his health problems. Defendant admitted that less than two weeks might have passed between

when he heard that his children were in danger and his interview with investigators.

¶ 24 Defendant rested. In rebuttal, Navarrete testified that defendant told her and Smith that, 

“when [defendant] goes to sleep, he’s passed out drunk.”

¶ 25 B.H., also called in rebuttal, testified that, after the third incident, she called a friend and 

left the house. The next morning, her mother and defendant called her on FaceTime and asked why 

she had left. She did not tell them. On cross-examination, B.H. stated that she told her mother on 

the FaceTime call that she left the house because she “ ‘couldn’t deal with it because of what 

[defendant] said.’ ” Defendant asked B.H. what he had said, and she told him, “ ‘You know what 

you said.’ ” She never told him, “ ‘You know what you did.’ ” 

¶ 26 After hearing arguments, the trial court found defendant not guilty on count III but guilty 

on count II. The court stated initially that it found B.H. to be “a credible witness,” partly because 

she admitted disliking defendant. The court credited her testimony that she came to dislike 
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defendant because of his inappropriate touching, his drinking, and his treatment of her mother. 

These were all sound reasons, the court found. 

¶ 27 The trial court specifically found that defendant “did touch” B.H. on the occasions relating 

to counts I and II (and even on the occasion relating to count I, on which the court entered a directed 

finding for defendant). However, the court noted that the State had to prove, under each count, that 

defendant touched B.H. for his sexual gratification or arousal. (The court found the other elements 

clearly proved beyond a reasonable doubt.) Addressing count III first, the court noted that 

defendant touched B.H. over both her clothes and a blanket of undisclosed thickness. The court 

recognized that “[a] defendant’s intent to arouse or gratify himself sexually can be inferred solely 

from the nature of the act.” However, the court was unable to find that defendant “actually kn[ew] 

where [on her body] he was touching [B.H.].” Thus, the court could not infer a sexual purpose 

from the touching.

¶ 28 Addressing count II, the court found that the State had proved that defendant touched 

B.H.’s breast for his sexual gratification or arousal. The court noted that B.H. testified that, on this 

occasion, she was sleeping on the floor without a blanket and woke up to discover that defendant 

was “rubbing her left breast through her clothes.” When she woke up, he left. The court cited case 

law holding that touching a female’s breast generally involves a sexual purpose, “[t]he only 

possible exception [being] a medical examination.” Moreover, “if the defendant’s intent was 

merely to wake up [B.H.], then why did he leave once she woke up?” Thus, the State proved count 

II beyond a reasonable doubt.

¶ 29 Defendant moved for a new trial. The trial court denied the motion and sentenced him to 

48 months’ probation. He timely appealed.

¶ 30 II. ANALYSIS
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¶ 31 On appeal, defendant contends that the evidence was insufficient to prove him guilty 

beyond a reasonable doubt on count II. Defendant’s arguments essentially focus on B.H.’s 

credibility. For the following reasons, we affirm.

¶ 32 In addressing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we ask only whether, after 

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any reasonable fact finder 

could have found the essential elements of the charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt. People 

v. Hopkins, 201 Ill. 2d 26, 40 (2002). The credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given 

to the evidence are within the prerogative of the fact-finder. People v. Holmes, 141 Ill. 2d 204, 242 

(1990). Moreover, we must allow all reasonable inferences from the evidence in favor of the 

prosecution. People v. Baskerville, 2012 IL 111056, ¶ 31. 

¶ 33 A person commits aggravated criminal sexual abuse as charged here when he commits an 

act of “sexual conduct” with a victim who is a family member under 18 years of age. 720 ILCS 

5/11-1.60(b) (West 2020). “ ‘Sexual conduct’ ” means “any knowing touching or fondling by the 

victim or the accused, either directly or through clothing, of the sex organs, anus, or breast of the 

victim *** for the purpose of sexual gratification or arousal of the victim or the accused.” Id. § 11-

0.1. 

¶ 34 Defendant first notes that, on direct examination, B.H. stated initially that defendant 

touched her “[t]owards [her] breasts.” When asked specifically if defendant touched her “on the 

breast,” she said yes. On redirect examination, B.H. said that the touch was “between one of the 

breasts [sic],” an oxymoron that required clarification. Asked to demonstrate, she placed her hand 

“on the top portion of her left breast,” as the trial court described it. She then described the touch 

as a “rub.” In explaining the finding of guilt, the court stated that defendant had been “rubbing” 

B.H.’s breast.
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¶ 35 Defendant contends that the foregoing testimony created a reasonable doubt of his guilt.

He emphasizes that the trial court described defendant’s conduct as “rubbing,” but B.H. did not 

use the term “rub” until redirect examination.

¶ 36 We hold that the evidence on count II was sufficient. Viewing the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the prosecution and deferring as we must to the trial court’s prerogative to decide 

witness credibility, we conclude that its description of defendant’s action as “rubbing” was 

supported by the evidence. In any case, the State was not required to prove that defendant “rubbed” 

B.H.’s breast, but only that he “touched” it (see id.). B.H. testified more than once that defendant 

touched her breast, and she also demonstrated his action. Moreover, “touching” and “rubbing” are 

not mutually exclusive. Any inconsistency in B.H.’s account of how defendant made contact with 

her breast did not require the court to find a reasonable doubt that he made contact at all.

¶ 37 Defendant also argues that the State failed to prove that he touched B.H.’s breast for his 

sexual gratification or arousal. Defendant notes B.H.’s testimony that the touching was very brief.

He then cites several opinions in which courts reversed convictions of sexual offenses. As

defendant does not explain why these opinions are pertinent here, and each case turns on its unique 

facts, we focus on the particular evidence here of defendant’s purpose. We find that evidence 

sufficient to sustain the conviction. 

¶ 38 A defendant’s intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires can be inferred from circumstantial 

evidence. People v. Burton, 399 Ill. App. 3d 809, 813 (2010). Indeed, such intent can be inferred 

solely from the nature of the act. Id. As the trial court noted in explaining its finding of guilt, case 

law recognizes that touching a female breast can be sufficient by itself to prove a sexual purpose, 

at least when, as here, there is no evidence of some other purpose. See id.; People v. Goebel, 161 
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Ill. App. 3d 113, 125 (1987). The trial court was well within its prerogative in finding that 

defendant’s touching B.H.’s breast as she slept was done for a sexual purpose.

¶ 39 Next, defendant contends that B.H.’s testimony was inherently unbelievable because she 

did not tell her mother about defendant’s conduct and admittedly despises defendant. Defendant 

again asks us to reweigh the evidence, which we may not do. Also, B.H. testified that she told her 

aunt about the incident. The trial court reasonably found that B.H. despises defendant because he 

had abused her, not that her hostility motivated her to accuse him of abusing her. The court credited 

B.H. as a witness, and we have no basis to disturb its credibility finding. 

¶ 40 Finally, defendant argues that his acquittal on count III cast doubt on his conviction on 

count II. He intimates that the touching underlying both counts was “a split-second touching over 

B.H.’s clothes.” Defendant’s comparison is faulty. The counts were based on different acts under 

different circumstances. Notably, the basis of the acquittal on count III was not whether he touched 

her or the duration of the touching but whether defendant knew what part of B.H.’s body he was 

touching while she was covered by both a blanket and clothes (in contrast, relative to count II, 

B.H. testified that she was not covered by a blanket when defendant touched her through her tank 

top).

¶ 41 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 42 For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Kane County.

¶ 43 Affirmed.