UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Dana Hanson,

Claimant

v. Civil No. 07-cv-106-SM

Opinion No. 2008 DNH 114

Michael J. Astrue, Commissioner,

Social Security Administration

Defendant

O R D E R

Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), Dana Hanson moves to reverse

the Commissioner’s decision denying his application for Social

Security Disability Insurance Benefits under Title II of the

Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 423 (the “Act”). The

Commissioner objects and moves for an order affirming his

decision. 

Factual Background

I. Procedural History.

On August 27, 2004, claimant filed an application for

disability insurance benefits under Title II of the Act, alleging

that he had been unable to work since May 30, 2000, due to

shoulder pain, numbness in some of his fingers, and anxiety. His

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application was denied and he requested a hearing before an

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). 

In August of 2006, claimant, his attorney, and a vocational

expert appeared before an ALJ, who considered claimant’s

application de novo. On September 18, 2006, the ALJ issued his

written decision, concluding that claimant retained the residual

functional capacity to perform the physical and mental demands of

his prior work as a manager of a truck stop. Accordingly, the

ALJ concluded that claimant was not disabled, as that term is

defined in the Act, at any time through the expiration of his

insured status on December 31, 2003. 

Claimant then sought review of the ALJ’s decision by the

Appeals Council, which denied his request. Accordingly, the

ALJ’s denial of claimant’s application for benefits became the

final decision of the Commissioner, subject to judicial review. 

Subsequently, claimant filed a timely action in this court,

asserting that the ALJ’s decision was not supported by

substantial evidence and seeking a judicial determination that he

is disabled within the meaning of the Act. Claimant then filed a

“Motion for Order Reversing Decision of the Commissioner”

(document no. 8). In response, the Commissioner filed a “Motion

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1 Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229

(1938). It is something less than the weight of the evidence,

and the possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from

the evidence does not prevent an administrative agency’s finding

from being supported by substantial evidence. Consolo v. Federal

3

for Order Affirming the Decision of the Commissioner” (document

no. 10). Those motions are pending. 

II. Stipulated Facts.

Pursuant to this court’s Local Rule 9.1(d), the parties have

submitted a statement of stipulated facts which, because it is

part of the court’s record (document no. 11), need not be

recounted in this opinion. Those facts relevant to the

disposition of this matter are discussed as appropriate. 

Standard of Review

I. Properly Supported Findings by the ALJ are

Entitled to Deference. 

Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), the court is empowered “to

enter, upon the pleadings and transcript of the record, a

judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the

Commissioner of Social Security, with or without remanding the

cause for a rehearing.” Factual findings of the Commissioner are

conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.1 See 42 U.S.C.

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Maritime Comm’n., 383 U.S. 607, 620 (1966).

4

§ 405(g); Irlanda Ortiz v. Secretary of Health & Human Services,

955 F.2d 765, 769 (1st Cir. 1991). Moreover, provided the ALJ’s

findings are supported by substantial evidence, the court must

sustain those findings even when there may also be substantial

evidence supporting the contrary position. See Tsarelka v.

Secretary of Health & Human Services, 842 F.2d 529, 535 (1st Cir.

1988) (“[W]e must uphold the [Commissioner’s] conclusion, even if

the record arguably could justify a different conclusion, so long

as it is supported by substantial evidence.”). See also

Rodriguez v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 647 F.2d 218,

222-23 (1st Cir. 1981). 

In making factual findings, the Commissioner must weigh and

resolve conflicts in the evidence. See Burgos Lopez v. Secretary

of Health & Human Services, 747 F.2d 37, 40 (1st Cir. 1984)

(citing Sitar v. Schweiker, 671 F.2d 19, 22 (1st Cir. 1982)). It

is “the responsibility of the [Commissioner] to determine issues

of credibility and to draw inferences from the record evidence. 

Indeed, the resolution of conflicts in the evidence is for the

[Commissioner], not the courts.” Irlanda Ortiz, 955 F.2d at 769

(citation omitted). Accordingly, the court will give deference

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to the ALJ’s credibility determinations, particularly where those

determinations are supported by specific findings. See

Frustaglia v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 829 F.2d 192,

195 (1st Cir. 1987) (citing Da Rosa v. Secretary of Health &

Human Services, 803 F.2d 24, 26 (1st Cir. 1986)). 

II. The Parties’ Respective Burdens. 

An individual seeking Social Security disability benefits is

disabled under the Act if he or she is unable “to engage in any

substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically

determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected

to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last

for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C.

§ 423(d)(1)(A). The Act places a heavy initial burden on the

claimant to establish the existence of a disabling impairment. 

See Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 146-47 (1987); Santiago v.

Secretary of Health & Human Services, 944 F.2d 1, 5 (1st Cir.

1991). To satisfy that burden, the claimant must prove that his

impairment prevents him from performing his former type of work. 

See Gray v. Heckler, 760 F.2d 369, 371 (1st Cir. 1985) (citing

Goodermote v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 690 F.2d 5, 7

(1st Cir. 1982)). Nevertheless, the claimant is not required to

establish a doubt-free claim. The initial burden is satisfied by

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the usual civil standard: a “preponderance of the evidence.” See

Paone v. Schweiker, 530 F. Supp. 808, 810-11 (D. Mass. 1982). 

If the claimant has shown an inability to perform his

previous work, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that

there are other jobs in the national economy that he can perform. 

See Vazquez v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 683 F.2d 1,

2 (1st Cir. 1982). If the Commissioner shows the existence of

other jobs that the claimant can perform, then the overall burden

to demonstrate disability remains with the claimant. See

Hernandez v. Weinberger, 493 F.2d 1120, 1123 (1st Cir. 1974);

Benko v. Schweiker, 551 F. Supp. 698, 701 (D.N.H. 1982). 

In assessing a disability claim, the Commissioner considers

both objective and subjective factors, including: (1) objective

medical facts; (2) the claimant’s subjective claims of pain and

disability, as supported by the testimony of the claimant or

other witnesses; and (3) the claimant’s educational background,

age, and work experience. See, e.g., Avery v. Secretary of

Health & Human Services, 797 F.2d 19, 23 (1st Cir. 1986);

Goodermote, 690 F.2d at 6. When determining whether a claimant

is disabled, the ALJ is also required to make the following five

inquiries: 

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(1) whether the claimant is engaged in substantial

gainful activity;

(2) whether the claimant has a severe impairment;

(3) whether the impairment meets or equals a listed

impairment;

(4) whether the impairment prevents the claimant from

performing past relevant work; and

(5) whether the impairment prevents the claimant from

doing any other work.

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520. Ultimately, a claimant is disabled only if

his:

physical or mental impairment or impairments are of

such severity that he is not only unable to do his

previous work but cannot, considering his age,

education, and work experience, engage in any other

kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the

national economy, regardless of whether such work

exists in the immediate area in which he lives, or

whether a specific job vacancy exists for him, or

whether he would be hired if he applied for work. 

42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(A). 

With those principles in mind, the court reviews claimant’s

motion to reverse and the Commissioner’s motion to affirm his

decision. 

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2 “RFC is what an individual can still do despite his or her

functional limitations. RFC is an administrative assessment of

the extent to which an individual’s medically determinable

impairment(s), including any related symptoms, such as pain, may

cause physical or mental limitations or restrictions that may

affect his or her capacity to do work-related physical and mental

8

Discussion

I. Background - The ALJ’s Findings.

In concluding that Mr. Hanson was not disabled within the

meaning of the Act, the ALJ properly employed the mandatory fivestep sequential evaluation process described in 20 C.F.R.

§ 404.1520. Accordingly, he first determined that claimant had

not been engaged in substantial gainful employment since May 30,

2000. Next, he concluded that claimant suffers from pain,

particularly in his left shoulder and right hip, as a result of

injuries he sustained in a work-related accident in May of 2000. 

Administrative Record (“Admin. Rec.”) at 21-22. Nevertheless,

the ALJ determined that those impairments, regardless of whether

they were considered alone or in combination, did not meet or

medically equal one of the impairments listed in Part 404,

Subpart P, Appendix 1. Admin. Rec. at 22. 

Next, the ALJ concluded that claimant retained the residual

functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform the exertional demands of

light and sedentary work.2 He noted, however, that claimant’s

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activities. Ordinarily, RFC is the individual’s maximum

remaining ability to do sustained work activities in an ordinary

work setting on a regular and continuing basis, and the RFC

assessment must include a discussion of the individual’s

abilities on that basis.” Social Security Ruling (“SSR”), 96-8p,

Policy Interpretation Ruling Titles II and XVI: Assessing

Residual Functional Capacity in Initial Claims, 1996 WL 374184 at

*2 (July 2, 1996) (citation omitted). 

9

RFC was limited by his inability to lift more than 20 pounds,

perform tasks requiring hyper-flexing, telescoping, or extending

the neck, and work overhead or at heights. Admin. Rec. at 22. 

The ALJ also concluded that claimant could not return to his most

recent job as a forklift operator. Despite those restrictions,

however, the ALJ concluded that claimant retained the ability to

perform the physical and mental tasks associated with his prior

job as a truck stop manager - at least as of the date his insured

status expired. Admin. Rec. at 23. Consequently, the ALJ

concluded that claimant was not “disabled,” as that term is

defined in the Act, through his date last insured (December 31,

2003). 

II. Claimant’s Ability to Perform His Prior Work. 

In support of his assertion that the ALJ’s decision is not

supported by substantial evidence, claimant says the ALJ: failed

to make sufficient specific findings of fact regarding the

physical demands of claimant’s past relevant work; neglected to

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fully evaluate claimant’s mental impairment; and failed to point

to adequate factual support in the record for his determination

of claimant’s residual functional capacity. The court disagrees. 

In his motion to reverse the decision of the Commissioner,

claimant points to various aspects of the ALJ’s decision and/or

analysis he feels were inadequate. He does not, however, provide

any developed argument, based upon the record, that he is

actually disabled. He is, of course, correct in pointing out

that the hearing process is intended to be non-adversarial and

that the ALJ has an obligation to fully develop the record. But,

at the same time, at step four of the sequential evaluation

process - the step at which the ALJ resolved claimant’s

application - the claimant bears the burden of showing that he

suffers from a disabling impairment (or combination of

impairments) that prevents him from engaging in prior forms of

employment. See, e.g., Bowen, 482 U.S. at 146 n.5 (“The claimant

first must bear the burden at step one of showing that he is not

working, at step two that he has a medically severe impairment or

combination of impairments, and at step four that the impairment

prevents him from performing his past work.”); Santiago, 944 F.2d

at 5 (“not only must the claimant lay the foundation as to what

activities her former work entailed, but she must point out

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(unless obvious) - so as to put in issue - how her functional

incapacity renders her unable to perform her former usual

work.”). See also 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A).

Here, even reading the record evidence in the light most

favorable to claimant, it simply does not support the conclusion

that he was disabled at any time prior to the expiration of his

insured status. Stated somewhat differently, the ALJ’s decision,

despite its alleged shortcomings, is supported by substantial

record evidence. 

As a result of his workplace accident, claimant suffered a

right vertebral artery dissection, fractures to his left

clavicle, right sacroiliac joint, right pelvis, and cervical

fractures at C2 and C7. There is no doubt that his injuries were

severe. He was hospitalized for eight days and then transferred

to a rehabilitation facility. By the fall of 2000, however,

claimant had made a substantial recovery. During that recovery

process, his various treating physicians reported that: 

He was “doing extremely well,” had “full range of

motion about his left shoulder,” and “may resume light

duties.” Admin. Rec. at 224 (Dr. Wallach, orthopaedic

evaluation, July 25, 2000);

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“Today in clinic, he does have one complaint, and that

is that his right first finger and the medial aspect of

his right second finger on occasion are numb. 

Otherwise, he has no complaints, including headache,

nausea, vomiting, neck pain, or dizziness,” and “his

motor strength is 5/5 in all extremities.” Admin. Rec.

at 144 (Dr. Sumas, neurosurgeon, July 25, 2000); 

Claimant reported some mild anxiety, but was “improving

on the BuSpar without side effects” and “he seems less

anxious, in general today. I think we’re seeing

improvement.” Admin. Rec. at 192 (Dr. Brock, August

10, 2000). 

Claimant “reports that he is doing well, using his cane

for ambulation, but not needing it for short trips. He

reports that he really has very minimal-to-no pain in

his right pelvis except with certain motions. His left

shoulder is not bothering him at all.” Admin. Rec. at

143 (Dr. Wallach, August 29, 2000). 

Claimant “does have some mild pain with internal

rotation of the bilateral hips but otherwise has good

range of motion and no pain with external rotation,

full flexion or extension. He is able to do a singleleg stance bilaterally, able to walk on his toes and

heels, and able to squat and rise from a squatting

position without difficulty.” Id. 

Claimant “can return to activity as tolerated and

return to work on medium duty.” Id. 

By September of 2000, the right vertebral artery

dissection had healed and it was reported that

claimant’s “coordination is good and symmetric. There

is no pronar drift. Extremity strength is full. His

gait, including tandem walking, is normal and steady.” 

Admin. Rec. 142. (Dr. Cockroft, September 5, 2000). 

And, by October of 2000, it was reported that claimant

“demonstrates 5/5 strength in abduction and has no

instability of his left clavicle. He has some mild

tenderness over his prominent callus. He is able to

squat and has no tenderness in his pelvis. His gait is

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without a limp.” Admin. Rec. 138. (Dr. Wallach,

October 6, 2000). 

“Impression: A man who has healed his fractures and can

return to employment as far as I am concerned as soon

as possible [once cleared by neurosurgery to return to

work].” Id. 

By the summer of 2001, about a year after his accident,

claimant’s most serious complaints appear to have related to the

continued numbness in two fingers and some mild anxiety that was

well-controlled with medication. In July of 2001, an MRI

revealed that he had some mild degenerative disc disease, which

restricted him from performing any heavy lifting and overhead

reaching. Dr. Powers, Chief of the Division of Neurosurgery at

Hershey Medical Center, stated that: 

It is my recommendation that this patient be allowed to

return to sedentary or light duty activities in the

future. He will not improve to the point where he can

do more work than that. He should be limited to 20

pounds of lifting or carrying and should not work

overhead at all and should not work at heights, as I

stated above. He may drive a vehicle but should not be

involved in driving any trucks or big rigs. He should

definitely not drive a forklift, since he is, as has

already been shown, prone to injury in that setting. 

I’m releasing him from our care. 

Admin. Rec. at 133. Finally, in September of 2001, Dr. Brock’s

notes reveal that claimant reported experiencing some mild

depression. But, claimant stated that he was coping with it and

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did not wish to take any medication. Admin. Rec. at 188. See

also Admin. Rec. at 273-74 (claimant acknowledged that, after

taking medication for his anxiety for about six months, he

stopped because he believed he no longer needed it). There are

no other significant medical reports or records prior to

claimant’s date last insured.

In April of 2005, Dr. Barton Nault, reviewed all of

claimant’s medical records and prepared an assessment of his

residual functional capacity. Admin. Rec. at 197-203. Based on

that review, Dr. Nault concluded that, “within 12 months of

[claimant’s accident] and prior to his [date last insured],

claimant had recovered well from his injuries and it would appear

that he was capable of doing light work.” Admin. Rec. at 203. 

With regard to exertional limitations, Dr. Nault opined that

claimant could: occasionally lift up to 20 pounds, frequently

lift up to 10 pounds; stand and/or walk for about six hours in an

eight-hour day; and sit (with normal breaks) for about six hours

during an eight-hour day. Admin. Rec. at 198. Finally, Dr.

Nault opined that claimant could occasionally climb, balance,

stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl. Admin. Rec. at 199. 

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Little, if any, evidence in the record contradicts those

opinions. None of claimant’s treating physicians opined that he

was disabled; at most, some of them thought he could return to

work with only minor restrictions (e.g., no heavy lifting and no

working overhead). And, while claimant points to his anxiety as

being either disabling or contributing to his disability, the

record (at least through his date last insured) provides little

support. For example, by June of 2001, claimant had stopped

taking any medications for anxiety and/or depression. Admin.

Rec. at 188. Three months later, in a follow-up visit with Dr.

Brock, claimant reported that, while he had some mild depression,

he was coping with it well and declined any medication for it. 

Id. Subsequently, in April of 2005, more than a year after

claimant’s insured status expired, a psychologist, Dr. Michael

Schneider, reviewed claimant’s medical records and completed a

“Psychiatric Review Technique” form. Dr. Schneider concluded

that there was insufficient evidence in the record to determine

whether claimant suffered from a psychiatric condition. Admin.

Rec. at 206. 

The balance of the medical records submitted by claimant

(including psychological records) covered the period of time

between August, 2006 and January, 2007 - well after his insured

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status had lapsed. Additionally, those materials were not

submitted to the ALJ and, consequently, he did not have those

materials before him when he rendered his decision. Rather,

those materials were provided to the Appeals Council, as a

supplement to claimant’s medical history. 

Importantly, however, claimant does not challenge the

Appeals Council’s refusal to review the ALJ’s decision. That is,

he does not assert that the Appeals Council’s decision was based

upon an “egregiously mistaken ground.” Mills v. Apfel, 244 F.3d

1, 5, (1st Cir. 2001). Instead, claimant challenges only the

ALJ’s decision to deny his application for disability insurance

benefits, which was, of course, based solely on the medical

records that existed at the time. Consequently, the ALJ’s

decision must be measured against the record that was actually

before him when he rendered it. See Mills 244 F.3d at 5 (“[W]e

may review the ALJ decision solely on the evidence presented to

the ALJ.”). Finally, it probably bears noting that because

claimant’s insured status had expired approximately two and onehalf years before the ALJ rendered his decision, there was little

the ALJ could have done to “further develop” the record before

him - all of claimant’s relevant medical records prepared during

that period were already before the ALJ. 

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Conclusion

While there is little doubt that claimant continues to

suffer pain and adverse effects - both physical and emotional -

from his accident, the record evidence simply does not support

his assertion that he was, as of his date last insured, disabled

from performing his past relevant work as a store manager. ALJs

have heavy workloads and while, in a less demanding time, the

ALJ’s decision might have been more detailed and might have

provided a more substantial discussion of the medical records and

the extent of claimant’s limitations, the critical question

presented to this court remains the same: whether the ALJ’s

adverse disability determination is supported by substantial

evidence in the record. It plainly is. 

The ALJ’s assessment of claimant’s RFC, Admin. Rec. at 22-

23, is entirely consistent with, and well supported by, the

opinions rendered by claimant’s treating and examining

physicians, as well as the Functional Capacity Assessment

prepared by Dr. Nault. That assessment of claimant’s RFC is also

entirely consistent with claimant’s description of his prior work

as a store manager. See Admin. Rec. at 68. See also Dictionary

of Occupational Titles, 185.167-046, “Manager, Retail Store,”

Admin. Rec. at 87. Finally, the record evidence does not support

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claimant’s assertion that, prior to his date last insured, he

suffered from an anxiety disorder of the sort or intensity that

might reasonably be expected to impact his ability to work. 

Having carefully reviewed the administrative record and the

arguments advanced by both the Commissioner and claimant, the

court concludes that there is substantial evidence in the record

to support the ALJ’s determination that claimant was not disabled

at any time prior to the expiration of his insured status. For

the foregoing reasons, as well as those set forth in the

Commissioner’s memorandum, claimant’s motion to reverse the

decision of the Commissioner (document no. 8) is denied, and the

Commissioner’s motion to affirm his decision (document no. 10) is

granted. The Clerk of the Court shall enter judgment in

accordance with this order and close the case. 

SO ORDERED.

____________________________

Steven J. McAuliffe

Chief Judge

June 6, 2008

cc: Seth R. Aframe, Esq.

Raymond J. Kelly, Esq.

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