Third District Court of Appeal

State of Florida

Opinion filed July 8, 2015.

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

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No. 3D15-636

Lower Tribunal No. 12-15351A-B-C

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S.V., the father,

Petitioner,

vs.

Department of Children and Families, et al.,

Respondents.

On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade

County, Alan S. Fine, Judge.

Brandon A. Rotbart, for petitioner.

Karla F. Perkins, for the Department of Children and Families; Kele

Stewart, Attorney Ad Litem University of Miami School of Law; Laura E.

Lawson, for the Guardian ad Litem Program, for respondents.

Before ROTHENBERG, SALTER and SCALES, JJ.

SCALES, J.
The petitioner, S.V. (the “Father”), seeks certiorari review of the trial court’s

non-final order that: (i) set aside a general magistrate’s report and

recommendations on the Father’s motion for reunification with his two sons; and

(ii) denied the Father’s motion for reunification.1 

Essentially, the Father asserts that the trial court impermissibly substituted

its judgment for that of the general magistrate. Because we conclude that the trial

court did not depart from the essential requirements of law, we deny the petition.

I. Facts

The Father left his family in April of 2012, and moved from South Florida to

North Carolina. The following month, the Department of Children and Families

(DCF) filed a Petition of Dependency, seeking to adjudicate the Father’s two

children as dependent under section 39.501 of the Florida Statutes.2

DCF’s Petition for Dependency of the children suggests that the Father’s

departure was abrupt and without concern for the immediate well-being of the

children. Once in North Carolina and in the vicinity of his parents, the Father

1 While rule 9.130(a)(3)(C)(iii)b. of the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure

allows for appellate review of non-final child custody orders in family law matters,

this rule is inapplicable to the trial court’s order in the instant proceeding. Common

law certiorari is the appropriate avenue of review in this situation. See, e.g., E.H. v.

Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 979 So. 2d 363 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008).

2 At the time, the children’s mother was unable to care for them due to her own

medical and mental health issues.

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created a new life for himself, though his direct involvement with his sons waned

during the ensuing two years.3

DCF placed the children in the care of a maternal aunt. At the time of this

placement, the children suffered from diagnosed disabilities, were found to be

“emotionally disturbed,” and functioned poorly in both the home and at school.

Since that time, the children have received extensive therapeutic, medical and

educational services. They continue to receive these services and are making

progress.

In October of 2014, DCF, the Guardian Ad Litem and the Attorney Ad

Litem jointly filed a motion to modify the case plan to a permanent guardianship,

and the Father filed a motion for reunification with his children. The underlying

question of this case is whether the Father, in his quest for reunification, has

developed the capacity and preparation to address the extraordinary needs of the

children at this time.

On November 7 and 17, 2014, a general magistrate conducted an evidentiary

hearing on the two motions. On December 15, 2014, the general magistrate issued

his report and recommendations, including the specific recommendation to grant

the Father’s motion for reunification. On February 17, 2015, the trial court set

3 The Father indicated in an October 2012 status hearing that he wanted custody of

his sons. He obtained a positive homestudy in North Carolina in 2014.

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aside the general magistrate’s report and recommendations and denied the Father’s

motion for reunification. On March 17, 2015, the trial court entered an order

placing the children into a permanent guardianship.

The petition before this Court seeks review of both the trial court’s February

17, 2015 Order Setting Aside General Magistrate’s Report and Recommendation

and Denying Father’s Motion for Reunification; and the March 17, 2015 Order

Placing Child(ren) in a Permanent Guardianship.

II. Standard of Review

When a trial court reviews the recommendations of a general magistrate it

takes on the role of an appellate court. Cerase v. Dewhurst, 935 So. 2d 575, 578

(Fla. 3d DCA 2006). Thus, the trial court’s review of the general magistrate’s

recommendations is limited to determining whether the general magistrate’s

findings of fact are supported by competent substantial evidence, and whether the

general magistrate either made clearly erroneous legal conclusions or

misconceived the legal effect of the evidence. Id.

Hence, this Court’s certiorari review of the trial court’s non-final order is

limited to whether the trial court departed from the essential requirements of law in

conducting its review of the general magistrate’s report and recommendations,

resulting in irreparable harm to the petitioner that cannot be remedied on direct

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appeal. G.D. v. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 870 So. 2d 235 (Fla. 2d DCA

2004).

Stated another way, in order to grant the Father’s petition in this case, we

must determine that the trial court failed to apply the correct legal standards when

the trial court reviewed the general magistrate’s recommendations.

III. Analysis

Because the parties generally did not dispute the underlying facts of the case,

the trial court focused its review of the general magistrate’s report and

recommendations primarily on whether the general magistrate misconceived the

legal effect of the evidence. In a detailed sixteen-page order, the trial court

painstakingly analyzed the legal issue raised by the evidence4 and concluded that

the general magistrate misapplied the law.

In Cerase, this Court reversed an order of the trial court, concluding that the

trial court had substituted its judgment for the general magistrate by reweighing the

evidence. Cerase, 935 So. 2d at 578. The instant case is distinguishable in two

critical ways: (i) in Cerase, we exercised appellate review rather than certiorari

review; and, more fundamentally, (ii) the record in Cerase plainly evidenced that

4 The trial court reviewed whether the general magistrate’s interpretation of section

39.521(3)(b) of the Florida Statutes was correct. This statute establishes a child’s

endangerment as the legal standard governing reunification of a child and a parent

not residing with that child at the time that child came within the jurisdiction of the

court.

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the trial court had done nothing more than substitute its judgment for that of the

general magistrate. Id.

It is clear in this case that the trial court conducted a thoughtful, detailed,

and comprehensive analysis of the applicable law. The trial court determined that

the general magistrate misconceived the legal effect of the evidence. Accordingly,

the trial court found that competent substantial evidence did not support the

general magistrate’s finding that the Father, at this time, has the capacity to meet

the children’s extensive and unremitting therapeutic needs. On this record, we are

unable to conclude that the trial court departed from the essential requirements of

law by rejecting the general magistrate’s report and recommendations.

We deny the Father’s petition without prejudice to the Father filing another

motion for reunification at an appropriate time in the future.

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