IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 20-0749

Filed July 22, 2020

IN THE INTEREST OF A.V.,

Minor Child,

K.S., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Cerro Gordo County, Adam D. 

Sauer, District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. 

AFFIRMED.

Barbara J. Westphal, Belmond, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Meredith L. Lamberti, Assistant 

Attorney General, for appellee State.

David Grooters, Mason City, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Bower, C.J., and Doyle and Schumacher, JJ.
2

DOYLE, Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. She 

challenges the denial of her motion to continue the termination hearing, contests 

each of the requirements for terminating her parental rights, and asks for more 

time for reunification. We address each claim in turn.

I. Continuance.

We begin with the juvenile court’s denial of the mother’s motion to continue 

the termination hearing. “A motion for continuance shall not be granted except for 

good cause.” See Iowa Ct. R. 8.5. We review the juvenile court’s ruling for an 

abuse of discretion. See In re M.D., 921 N.W.2d 229, 232 (Iowa 2018). An abuse 

of discretion occurs when the court’s ruling hinges on reasons that are clearly 

untenable or unreasonable or when the court misapplies the law. See id. The 

court must weigh due process protections against the best interests of the children 

in determining whether to continue the termination hearing. See id. at 232-33. We 

reverse the juvenile court only if the denial of a continuance is unreasonable under 

the circumstances and causes injustice to the party seeking it. See In re C.W., 

554 N.W.2d 279, 281 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996). 

The juvenile court scheduled the termination hearing for April 7, 2020. But 

in response to supervisory orders issued by the Iowa Supreme Court,1the juvenile 

 

1 On April 2, the supreme court issued a supervisory order: “juvenile matters set to 

commence before June 15 shall be either continued to a date no earlier than June 

15 or conducted with the parties and/or participants appearing remotely using 

video or phone conferencing at the discretion of the court.” Iowa Supreme Ct. 

Supervisory Order, In the Matter of Ongoing Provisions for Coronavirus/COVID-19 

Impact on Court Services ¶ 29 (Apr. 2, 2020). On April 6, it issued a new 

supervisory order, stating that child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) proceedings 

scheduled between April 6 and June 15 “should either be continued until after June 
3

court ordered that the hearing would be conducted entirely by teleconference. At

the start of the termination hearing, the juvenile court asked if any parties objected 

to proceeding telephonically. Neither the State nor the child’s attorney objected to 

the telephonic hearing, and the father’s attorney stated he took no position on the 

matter. But the mother’s attorney objected and stated that the mother did not waive 

her personal presence at the hearing. Despite the mother’s objection, the juvenile 

court determined that the matter should not be postponed, noting that two and onehalf months had passed since the State filed the termination petition. The court 

found that continuing the hearing another two and one-half months—five months 

after the filing of the termination petition and one year after the CINA adjudication—

was not appropriate based on the child’s young age. We are unable to find the

juvenile court abused its discretion by ordering the termination hearing to continue 

by telephone conference. The decision was neither unreasonable nor untenable. 

We therefore affirm the denial of the motion to continue.

II. Termination of Parental Rights.

We turn then to the mother’s challenges to the order terminating her 

parental rights. We review these claims de novo. See In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 

472 (Iowa 2018).

 

15, 2020, or should ONLY be conducted by video or phone conferencing.” Iowa 

Supreme Ct. Supervisory Order, In the Matter of Ongoing Provisions for 

Coronavirus/COVID-19 Impact on Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Youth and 

Families ¶ 7 (Apr. 6, 2020). The order also states that termination hearings “may 

be conducted via remote technology if all parties agree, and thereafter file a written 

waiver of personal appearance or waive such appearance on the record.” Id. But 

“[i]f one party objects to proceeding by phone, and the juvenile court believes the 

matter should nonetheless go forward and not be postponed,” the order states that 

“the court can order telephonic testimony.” Id.
4

Termination of parental rights involves three steps. See Iowa Code 

§ 232.116 (2020); In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). The first step is to 

determine whether a ground for termination exists under section 232.116(1). See 

P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 40. The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights 

under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(e) and (h). We may affirm as long as the 

evidence supports termination on one of these grounds. See In re A.B., 815 

N.W.2d 764, 774 (Iowa 2012). Because the mother’s petition only argues the 

juvenile court erred in terminating her parental rights under section 232.116(1)(e), 

she has waived any objection to termination of her parental rights under section 

232.116(1)(h). See L.N.S. v. S.W.S., 854 N.W.2d 699, 703 (Iowa Ct. App. 2013) 

(“Where a party has failed to present any substantive analysis or argument on an 

issue, the issue has been waived.”); see also Richardson v. Neppl, 182 N.W.2d 

384, 390 (Iowa 1970) (“A proposition neither assigned nor argued presents no 

question and need not be considered by us on review.”). We may therefore affirm 

termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h).

The second step in the termination analysis is to consider whether 

termination is in the child’s best interests. See Iowa Code § 232.116(2); P.L., 778 

N.W.2d at 40. In making this determination, we “give primary consideration to the 

child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and 

growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs 

of the child.” Iowa Code § 232.116(2). The “defining elements” are the child’s 

safety and “need for a permanent home.” In re H.S., 805 N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 

2011) (citation omitted). 
5

The child was removed and adjudicated CINA based on the parents’ 

substance use. The mother admitted she was using methamphetamine three to 

four times per week. She began outpatient treatment for her substance use but 

was removed from the program in September 2019 based on her failure to attend. 

The mother relapsed, testing positive for methamphetamine in November 2019 

and January 2020. At the time of the termination hearing, the mother had yet to 

complete treatment or to participate in treatment in a meaningful way, preventing 

her from providing the safety and stability the child needs. Considering the child’s 

young age, the time the mother had to address the reasons for the child’s removal 

and CINA adjudication, and the mother’s minimal progress nearly one year later, 

we agree termination is in the child’s best interests. 

Finally, we must decide whether any of the provisions of section 232.116(3) 

apply. See P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 41. Section 232.116(3) states that the court “need 

not terminate the relationship between the parent and child” in some cases. The 

mother seeks to avoid termination under section 232.116(3)(a), which applies 

when “[a] relative has legal custody of the child,” and section 232.116(3)(c), which 

applies when “[t]here is clear and convincing evidence that the termination would 

be detrimental to the child at the time due to the closeness of the parent-child 

relationship.” But these provisions are not mandatory. See A.S., 906 N.W.2d at 

475. If any of the circumstances outlined in section 232.116(3) apply, the court 

may decline to terminate parental rights depending on the facts of the case before 

it and the child’s best interests. See id. 

The juvenile court found that none of the circumstances listed in section 

232.116(3) existed. Although the child was placed with a relative during the CINA 
6

proceedings, the court noted that the relative did not have legal custody of the child 

as required by section 232.116(3)(a). Even assuming the relative had legal 

custody of the child, an otherwise appropriate decision to terminate “is not to be 

countermanded by the ability and willingness of a family relative to take the child.” 

Id. (citation omitted). The mother also claims termination is not in the child’s best 

interests because she and the child are bonded. To the extent a parent-child bond 

exists, we disagree that terminating it would hurt the child. The child was just three 

years old at the time of the termination hearing and had been out of the mother’s 

care for nearly one year. The mother did not attend every visit offered and declined 

more time for visitation when offered. We decline to apply section 232.116(3) to 

preserve the parent-child relationship.

III. More Time.

Finally, the mother asks for more time to allow her to regain custody of the 

child. See Iowa Code § 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue the child’s 

placement for another six months if doing so will eliminate the need for the child’s 

removal). But like the juvenile court, we are unable to find that the need for removal 

of the child will be eliminated if we grant the mother more time. The mother has 

already had one year to address the issues that led to the child’s removal and 

CINA adjudication. She made no significant improvement during that time. There 

is no reason to believe that she would make those changes if allowed six more 

months. See In re C.K., 558 N.W.2d 170, 172 (Iowa 1997) (“[W]e look to the 

parents’ past performance because it may indicate the quality of care the parent is 

capable of providing in the future.”). 
7

Children are not equipped with pause buttons; delaying a child’s 

permanency in favor of a parent goes against the child’s best interests. See In re 

A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 112 (Iowa 2014) (noting children must not be deprived

permanency on the hope that someday the parent will be able to provide a stable 

home); In re A.C., 415 N.W.2d 609, 614 (Iowa 1987). Once the grounds for 

termination have been proved, time is of the essence. See A.C., 415 N.W.2d at 

614 (“It is unnecessary to take from the children’s future any more than is 

demanded by statute. Stated otherwise, plans which extend the twelve-month 

period during which parents attempt to become adequate in parenting skills should 

be viewed with a sense of urgency.”); see also In re R.J., 436 N.W.2d 630, 636 

(Iowa 1989) (noting that once the time for reunification set by the legislature has 

expired, “patience on behalf of the parent can quickly translate into intolerable 

hardship for the children”). The statutory grounds for termination afforded the 

mother six months. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(e)(2), (h)(3). The mother had 

twice that long. Another six months is not warranted and would be contrary the 

child’s best interests. 

AFFIRMED.