1 The background information is drawn from the Joint

Statement of Material Facts (Doc. No. 12) submitted by the

parties. Citations to the Administrative Record Transcript are

indicated by “Tr.”. 

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

Tammy Laflamme

v. Civil No. 07-cv-122-PB

Opinion No. 2007 DNH 142

Commissioner of Social Security

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Tammy Laflamme moves to reverse the Commissioner of Social

Security’s determination that she is not eligible for

Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”). Laflamme argues that the

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) erred when he found that she is

not disabled and can perform sedentary work. For the reasons set

forth below, I conclude that the ALJ’s decision is supported by

substantial evidence. Therefore, I deny Laflamme’s motion to

reverse and grant the Commissioner’s motion to affirm. 

I. BACKGROUND1

A. Procedural History

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Laflamme received “adult child” disability benefits on the

record of her father from 1987 to 1996, but the benefits were

terminated in 1996 when she married. Tr. at 227-28. She applied

for SSI in October 2004 and July 2005, claiming that she was

unable to work because of scoliosis and arthritis. Tr. at 39-44,

225. Laflamme’s SSI claims were denied and she sought review

before an ALJ. Tr. at 30. A hearing before ALJ Frederick Harap

was held on August 21, 2006, where Laflamme was represented by

counsel. Tr. at 222. On August 30, 2006, ALJ Harap issued a

written decision applying the five-step sequential analysis from

20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a) and concluding that Laflamme is not

disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. Tr. at

11.

Laflamme requested review of the hearing decision and her

attorney submitted a letter in support of the appeal. Tr. at

219. The Appeals Council denied Laflamme’s request for review on

March 16, 2007. Tr. at 5. Laflamme now brings this action,

seeking review of the agency’s final determination pursuant to 42

U.S.C. § 405(g). 

B. Education and Work History

Tammy Laflamme (née Atwood) was born on May 5, 1966. She

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graduated from Berlin High School in Berlin, New Hampshire, at

age 20, having attended some mainstream classes and some special

education classes where she had individual instruction. Tr. at

95. Laflamme has never held a job. Tr. at 228. 

C. Medical History

Laflamme was born with mild cerebral palsy and

kyphoscoliosis (lateral and posterior curvature of the spine). 

Tr. at 114. At age three, Laflamme had tibial derotation

osteotomy surgery on both of her legs to correct the position of

her feet. Tr. at 118. When she was a teenager, she also had

foot surgery for bunions and ankle surgery to correct subluxing

peroneal tendons. Tr. at 118. 

In 1986, when Laflamme was 20 years old, she had fusion

surgery to correct kyphoscoliosis, fusing her spine at T4-T12. 

Tr. at 100, 102-03, 109-10. As a result of the surgery, Laflamme

has a metal rod implanted in her back. Tr. at 102. Laflamme did

not require ongoing medical treatment after recovering from the

surgery, but she did see the doctor who had been her spinal

surgeon in 1997, Dr. Clark, complaining of back pain. Tr. at

192-205. Laflamme began wearing a back brace, walking and doing

home exercises, and using over-the-counter pain remedies as

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needed. Tr. at 192-205. Laflamme and Dr. Clark discussed other

treatment possibilities including surgery and physical therapy,

but Laflamme stopped going to physical therapy and never had

additional surgery. Tr. at 200, 205. Laflamme saw Dr. Paul

Urbanek for a second opinion in October 1998. Dr. Urbanek

confirmed Dr. Clark’s diagnosis and recommended stretching and

strengthening exercises and the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Tr. at 203-04. 

In 1999, Laflamme was in a car accident where she slightly

injured her neck. Tr. at 148-49. Nevertheless, by 2001,

Laflamme’s medical records indicate that she was doing well and

that her back was stable. Tr. at 147. At her 2003 checkup, she

complained of intermittent right hip pain, but no special

treatment was undertaken for this and she continued to walk for

exercise. Tr. at 140. Laflamme slipped and fractured her ankle

in 2004; her fracture healed without any complications or

problems. Tr. at 133, 135-36. 

D. Application for SSI and Related Proceedings

1. 2004 Application

Laflamme first applied for SSI in October 2004. Tr. at 54. 

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She filled out an Activities of Daily Living statement where she

reported that she requires help with some household chores such

as carrying groceries up to her third-floor apartment, lifting

heavy laundry baskets, and vacuuming. Tr. at 54-58. Laflamme

also stated that she walks in the woods, walks to her mother’s

house, goes to church, goes shopping with her husband, reads, and

watches television. Tr. at 54-58. 

A Residual Functional Capacity (“RFC”) Assessment was

completed by Disability Adjudicator Linda Ellsworth on November

3, 2004. Tr. at 59-68. Ellsworth found that Laflamme could

occasionally lift 10 pounds, frequently lift 10 pounds, stand or

walk at least 2 hours in an 8-hour workday, and sit about 6 hours

in an 8-hour workday. Ellsworth also found that Laflamme could

only occasionally engage in climbing, balancing, stooping,

kneeling, crouching, or crawling, but had unlimited ability to

push and or pull and no manipulative, visual, communicative, or

environmental limitations. Ellsworth concluded that Laflamme had

an RFC for sedentary work. On November, 4, 2004, Laflamme’s

claim for SSI was denied. Tr. at 31.

2. 2005 Application

Laflamme again applied for SSI in July 2005. She filled out

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another Activities of Daily Living statement, providing

substantially similar answers to the ones she had provided in

2004. Tr. at 69-74 (see above description).

A second RFC Assessment was completed by Disability Examiner

Patty Skidmore on July 7, 2005. Tr. 75-83. Skidmore found that

Laflamme could occasionally lift 20 pounds, frequently lift 10

pounds, stand or walk about 6 hours in an 8-hour workday, and sit

about 6 hours in an 8-hour workday. Skidmore also found that

Laflamme had occasional postural limitations with 

climbing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, and crawling, 

but that Laflamme was unlimited in her ability to push or pull

and had no manipulative, visual, communicative, or environmental

limitations. Skidmore concluded that Laflamme had an RFC for

unskilled light work including work as a flagger, mail clerk, or

photocopy machine operator.

 Dr. Gary Francke examined Laflamme in connection with her

claim for SSI on September 12, 2005. Tr. at 190-91. Dr. Francke

concluded that Laflamme “does preserve the ability to do basic

work related activities such as sitting, standing, walking,

lifting, carrying, and bending. She does not like to lift heavy

weights and probably should be restricted from heavy lifting.” 

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Tr. at 191. On September 26, 2005, Laflamme’s claim for SSI was

denied. Tr. at 35.

3. Appeals Process

Laflamme retained Attorney Francis Jackson as her

representative on October 20, 2005. Tr. at 28. Through her

attorney, Laflamme promptly requested a hearing to review the

denial of her SSI claim. Tr. at 30. In preparation for this

hearing, Laflamme reconnected with Dr. Keith Shute, who had been

her primary care doctor but whom she had not seen since 2003. 

Tr. at 212. Dr. Shute conducted a disability evaluation on July

27, 2006, at Laflamme’s request. Tr. at 212-14. 

In connection with the evaluation, Dr. Shute filled out a

Medical Source Statement of Ability To Do Work-Related Activities

(Physical), where he stated that Laflamme could occasionally lift

10 pounds, frequently lift less than 10 pounds, stand for a

maximum of 30 minutes without needing to change position due to

back pain, sit for less than 6 hours in an 8-hour workday with

need to periodically alternate sitting and standing to relieve

pain or discomfort, occasionally kneel, and never climb, balance,

crouch, crawl, or stoop. Tr. at 206-09. Dr. Shute also noted

that Laflamme has occasional problems reaching, but no visual,

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communicative, attention, or concentration problems. Tr. at 208. 

Finally, Dr. Shute noted that temperature extremes, vibration,

humidity/wetness, and environmental hazards could exacerbate

Laflamme’s back pain. Tr. at 209.

Dr. Shute’s final conclusion was that Laflamme would be

unable to reliably and consistently perform sedentary light work

for 8 hours per day, five days per week. Tr. at 209. He

recommended a functional capacity evaluation for a more detailed

assessment, but this evaluation was never completed. Tr. at 14,

209.

D. The ALJ Decision

The hearing before ALJ Harap was held on August 21, 2006, in

Littleton, New Hampshire. Tr. at 222. Laflamme was represented

by counsel and the only two witnesses were Laflamme and her

mother, Maureen Atwood. Tr. at 222-37.

ALJ Harap applied the following five-step sequential

evaluation process in determining whether or not Laflamme should

be considered disabled: (1) whether the claimant is engaged in

substantial gainful activity; (2) whether the claimant has a

severe impairment; (3) whether the impairment meets or equals a

specific impairment listed in the SSA regulations and meets the

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duration requirement; (4) assessment of RFC and whether the

claimant can still do past relevant work; and (5) assessment of

claimant’s RFC, age, education, and work experience, to see if

claimant can make an adjustment to other work. 20 C.F.R. §

416.920(a). The burden of proof is on the claimant for the first

four steps of the evaluation, but, at the fifth step, the burden

is on the Commissioner to demonstrate that there are jobs in the

national economy that the claimant can perform. See, e.g.,

Freeman v. Barnhart, 274 F.3d 606, 608. 

ALJ Harap concluded at step one that Laflamme had not

engaged in any substantial gainful activity as of the alleged

onset date (October 1, 2004). Tr. at 13. He concluded at step

two that Laflamme’s scoliosis post-fusion surgery and mild

cerebral palsy are severe impairments within the meaning of 20

C.F.R. § 416.920(c). Tr. at 13. At step three, the ALJ found

that Laflamme has normal sensory, motor, and reflex function, is

able to walk without assistance, and demonstrates normal gait and

station. Tr. at 14. Therefore, the impairment did not meet the

SSA requirements described in step three. Tr. at 14; see 20

C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(iii). The ALJ concluded that Laflamme

retains the RFC to sit for at least 6 hours during the day,

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consistent with sedentary exertional activity, and to lift 10

pounds occasionally with occasional standing and walking. Tr. at

14.

The ALJ found that while Laflamme’s impairments could

produce the symptoms that Laflamme was alleging, Laflamme’s

statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects

of the symptoms were not credible. Tr. at 14. The ALJ placed

more weight on Dr. Francke’s opinion than on Dr. Shute’s opinion,

reasoning that the clinical observations and reports by both

doctors supported the conclusions of Dr. Francke more than the

conclusions of Dr. Shute. Tr. at 14. He noted that Laflamme has

an active daily life, is not under regular medical care, and

takes no prescription medication. Tr. at 14. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

I am authorized pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) to review the

pleadings submitted by the parties and the transcript of the

administrative record and enter a judgment affirming, modifying,

or reversing the decision of the ALJ. My review is limited to

whether the ALJ used the proper legal standards and found facts

based upon the proper quantum of evidence. Ward v. Comm’r of

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Soc. Sec., 211 F.3d 652, 655 (1st Cir. 2000); Nguyen v. Chater,

172 F.3d 31, 35 (1st Cir. 1999). 

The ALJ’s findings of fact are accorded deference as long as

they are supported by substantial evidence. Ward, 211 F.3d at

655. The ALJ’s factual findings must be upheld “if a reasonable

mind, reviewing the evidence in the record as a whole, could

accept it as adequate to support his conclusion.” Ortiz v. Sec’y

of Health & Human Servs., 955 F.2d 765, 769 (1st Cir. 1991)

(quoting Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 647 F.2d

218, 222 (1st Cir. 1981)). The ALJ’s factual findings are

conclusive if there is substantial evidence to support his or her

decision, even if the record “arguably could support a different

conclusion.” Id. at 770. The ALJ’s findings are not conclusive,

however, when they are derived by “ignoring evidence, misapplying

the law, or judging matters entrusted to experts.” Nguyen, 172

F.3d at 35.

The ALJ is responsible for determining issues of credibility

and for drawing inferences from evidence on the record. Ortiz,

955 F.2d at 769. It is the role of the ALJ, not the role of this

court, to resolve conflicts in the evidence. Id.

III. ANALYSIS

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Laflamme argues that the ALJ erred by: (1) improperly

interpreting raw medical evidence, (2) improperly rejecting the

opinion of Dr. Shute, the treating physician, (3) failing to

discuss or assess the significance of certain limitations found

by Dr. Shute, and (4) failing to properly develop the record and

make sufficient inquiry into the effects of Laflamme’s

impairments. Additionally, Laflamme argues that the ALJ erred in

failing to assess the severity of Laflamme’s mental impairments. 

Each of Laflamme’s claims is addressed in turn.

A. Interpretation of Raw Medical Evidence

Plaintiff is correct that, ordinarily, an ALJ is not

qualified to interpret raw data from a medical record. See

Manso-Pizarro v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 76 F.3d 15, 17

(1st Cir. 1996). This does not mean, however, that medical data

must be diregarded entirely unless it is viewed through the lens

of expert testimony. “Of course, where the medical evidence

shows relatively little physical impairment, an ALJ permissibly

can render a commonsense judgment about functional capacity even

without a physician’s assessment.” Id.

In this case, there was ample evidence in the record to

support the ALJ’s common sense conclusion that Laflamme has the

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2There is some ambiguity in Dr. Shute’s report as to

Laflamme’s daily exercise. Under “Exercise per Week,” Shute

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RFC to perform sedentary work. The ALJ’s conclusion is supported

by Dr. Francke’s 2005 report and by the data contained in Dr.

Shute’s reports from 2001 to 2006.

Laflamme’s medical records from 2001 until the present

demonstrate that her back was stable and required no intervention

or specialty doctor’s visit. See Tr. at 138 (2003 annual exam),

142 (2002 annual exam), 147 (2001 two year follow-up). In her

Activities of Daily Living statements made in both 2004 and 2005,

Laflamme stated that she needed help with some household tasks

including carrying groceries up to their third-floor apartment,

vacuuming, and laundry, but that she walked for exercise in the

mornings and walked to her mother’s house often. See Tr. at 54-

58, 69-74. Laflamme stated that she was able to cook, go grocery

shopping with her husband, watch television, and go to church. 

See Tr. at 54-58, 69-74. Prior to her July 2006 appointment with

Dr. Shute in connection with her SSI claim, Laflamme had not been

under the regular care of a physician for nearly three years. 

See Tr. at 212. At that appointment, she stated to Dr. Shute

that she walked 1-2 miles, 7 times per week.2 See Tr. at 213. 

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noted: “walk x7 1-2 miles.” Tr. at 213. ALJ Harap interpreted

Shute’s notation to mean that Laflamme walks seven and one-half

miles each week, but I interpret the notation to indicate that

she walks 1-2 miles seven times per week. The discrepancy is not

significant to my conclusion. 

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Laflamme takes no medication for her back other than occasional

over-the-counter remedies and stated to Dr. Shute at her July

2006 appointment that she did not desire a prescription for any

medication. Tr. at 73, 212. 

Because the medical evidence in the record demonstrates

relatively little physical impairment, the ALJ did not err by

drawing his own conclusion about how Laflamme’s medical

impairments impact her functional capacity. 

B. Improper Rejection of Treating Physician’s Conclusion

A “treating source” is a physician with whom the claimant

has an ongoing treatment relationship. 20 C.F.R. § 416.902. A

treating source may be a physician who has evaluated a claimaint

only a few times or only after long intervals, if that is typical

for treatment or evaluation of the claimant’s condition. Id. A

physician is not considered a “treating source,” however, if the

relationship is based solely on the need to obtain a report in

support of a disability claim. Id.

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The Social Security Administration has determined that a

treating source’s medical opinion must be given controlling

weight if it is well-supported and not inconsistent with other

substantial evidence in the record. S.S.R. 96-2p (1996). It is

also true, however, that “[e]ven if a treating source’s medical

opinion is well-supported, controlling weight may not be given to

the opinion unless it is also ‘not inconsistent’ with the other

substantial evidence in the case record.” Id. Thus, the ALJ

must determine whether a medical opinion from a treating source

is both “well supported” and “not inconsistent” in a given case. 

Id. As the SSA states:

Sometimes, there will be an obvious inconsistency between

the opinion and the other substantial evidence; for example,

when a treating source’s report contains an opinion that the

individual is significantly limited in the ability to do

work-related activities, but the opinion is inconsistent

with the statements of the individual’s spouse about the

individual’s actual activities, or when two medical sources

provide inconsistent medical opinions about the same issue. 

Id. at 3.

The SSA also draws a distinction between medical source

statements and RFC assessments. Assessment of an individual’s

RFC is an issue that is reserved to the Commissioner. S.S.R. 96-

5p (1996). The relevant SSA policy interpretation states:

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“treating source opinions on issues that are reserved to the

Commissioner are never entitled to controlling weight or special

significance.” Id. at 2. 

Dr. Shute stated in Laflamme’s medical record in July 2006

that he did not consider himself to be Laflamme’s treating

physician capable to render a medical opinion about her

functional limitations because he had not seen her since December

2003. Tr. at 212. Even if Dr. Shute is considered a “treating

source,” his conclusion that Laflamme would be unable to reliably

and consistently perform sedentary or light work is inconsistent

with Dr. Francke’s opinion and is arguably inconsistent with

Laflamme’s own statements about her capacity and Dr. Shute’s own

recorded observations 2001-2003 and 2006. Therefore, Dr. Shute’s

opinion is not entitled to controlling weight. See S.S.R. 96-2p

(1996). Additionally, the ultimate conclusion as to Laflamme’s

RFC must made by the ALJ, not the treating physician. See S.S.R.

96-5p (1996) at 4. To permit such a conclusion to be drawn by a

treating physician “would be an abdication of the Commissioner’s

statutory responsibility to determine whether an individual is

disabled.” See id.

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C. Failure to Discuss or Assess Certain Limitations

Plaintiff correctly points out that the ALJ’s opinion failed

to discuss two types of limitations indicated by Dr. Shute: 1)

that Laflamme needs to periodically alternate sitting and

standing to relieve pain and discomfort, and 2) that Laflamme

must never stoop. The fact that the ALJ did not explicitly

discuss these two points in his opinion does not mean, however,

that he failed to assess these limitations. The record contains

substantial evidence from which the ALJ could conclude that

Laflamme’s RFC was not significantly impacted by these alleged

limitations.

It is the ALJ’s duty to evaluate the credibility of

witnesses and resolve conflicts in the evidence. Ortiz, 955 F.2d

at 769. ALJ Harap determined that while Laflamme’s symptoms

could reasonably be considered the product of her impairment

(scoliosis post-surgery), “the claimant’s statements concerning

the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms

are not entirely credible.” Tr. at 14. As the ALJ noted,

Laflamme walks 1-2 miles every day for exercise, is not currently

taking medication, and is an active person: she attends church,

goes shopping, performs light housekeeping tasks, watches

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television, and visits with her mother daily. Thus, there was

substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s conclusion that

Laflamme has the ability to sit and stand as required for

sedentary work. 

Dr. Shute’s conclusion regarding Laflamme’s inability to

“stoop” is contradicted by the 2004 and 2005 RFC assessments by

Ellsworth and Skidmore and by Dr. Francke’s assessment that

Laflamme can bend and tilt sideways to touch her knee. See Tr.

at 190-91. As discussed above, the ALJ was entitled to give more

weight to Dr. Francke’s opinion than to Dr. Shute’s.

D. Failure to Properly Develop the Record

Plaintiff argued that ALJ Harap erred by issuing his

decision without the benefit of medical or vocational testimony

at the hearing and without re-contacting Dr. Shute. Plaintiff

also argues that the ALJ failed to properly develop the record by

inquiring further into the effects of Laflamme’s impairments on

her ability to work.

Prior to the hearing, the ALJ notified Laflamme that at the

hearing she could submit documents, present and question

witnesses, and present written statements about the facts and the

law. Tr. at 23. Laflamme was represented by counsel at the

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hearing, but only Laflamme herself and her mother (as a lastminute addition) testified as witnesses. Laflamme could have

presented additional witnesses or evidence, but she did not. 

Although the hearing was short and there were few witnesses, 

there is substantial evidence in the record to support ALJ

Harap’s conclusion that Laflamme was not disabled.

Laflamme is correct that it is appropriate for an ALJ to recontact a treating source “if the evidence does not support a

treating source’s opinion on any issue reserved to the

Commissioner and the adjudicator cannot ascertain the basis of

the opinion from the case record....” S.S.R. 96-5p (1996) at 6. 

In this case, Dr. Shute did state the basis of his opinion: “My

opinion is based upon review of medical records, patient hx

[history], and PE [physical examination] today.” Tr. at 209. 

While the ALJ could have weighed the evidence in the record

differently to place more weight on Dr. Shute’s opinion, there is

substantial evidence in the record to support the ALJ’s decision. 

Therefore, I must uphold the ALJ’s decision. See Ortiz, 955 F.2d

at 770.

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E. Failure to Address Mental Impairments

Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ erred by failing to

assess the severity of her mental impairment. While the record

does show that Laflamme attended some special education classes

in high school, Tr. at 95, nothing in the record indicates that

Laflamme has a mental impairment that would indicate or

contribute to a disability. Laflamme is a high school graduate, 

able to read, write, and communicate in English, and there is no

suggestion from any physician or report in the record that she

suffers from, as her brief suggests, “borderline intellectual

functioning.” It would not have been appropriate for the ALJ to

address mental impairment when the issue was never raised in any

of Laflamme’s applications for SSI or at the hearing. The

impairment is not apparent, and no significant impairment has

been noted in Laflamme’s medical records.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the reasons discussed above, plaintiff’s motion to

reverse (Doc. No. 10) is denied and defendant’s motion to affirm

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(Doc. No. 11) is granted. The Clerk shall enter judgment

accordingly.

SO ORDERED.

/s/Paul Barbadoro 

Paul Barbadoro

United States District Judge

November 27, 2007

cc: Francis M. Jackson, Esq.

Karen B. Fitzmaurice, Esq.

David M. Broderick, AUSA

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