UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

PC Connection, Inc.,

Plaintiff

v. Civil No. 07-cv-306-SM

Opinion No. 2007 DNH 123

Branden Bartrug d/b/a

The PC Connection,

Defendant

O R D E R

PC Connection, Inc. has filed a verified complaint against

Branden Bartrug d/b/a The PC Connection, seeking preliminary and

permanent injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and damages. 

Before the court is plaintiff’s motion for temporary and

preliminary injunctive relief (document no. 3), filed

simultaneously with the complaint.

While plaintiff’s motion is captioned as a motion for

temporary and preliminary injunctive relief, and refers to

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(a), which pertains to

preliminary injunctions, the motion was filed without notice to

defendant, and the proposed order attached to the motion is

captioned “Proposed Temporary Restraining Order.” Accordingly,

plaintiff’s filing is deemed a motion for temporary restraining

Case 1:07-cv-00306-SM Document 6 Filed 10/03/07 Page 1 of 4
1 However, plaintiff’s counsel did note, in the second cease

and desist letter, that defendant gave her an “initial call” in

response to the first letter. (Compl., Ex. I.) 

2

order (“TRO”), pursuant to Rule 65(b). For the reasons given,

plaintiff’s motion is denied, without prejudice to filing a

motion for a preliminary injunction under Rule 65(a).

The issuance of a TRO requires, among other things, that

“the applicant’s attorney certifies to the court in writing the

efforts, if any, which have been made to give the notice and the

reasons supporting the claim that notice should not be required.” 

FED. R. CIV. P. 65(b). Here, plaintiff has sent defendant two

cease and desist letters but received no substantive response.1

On that basis, plaintiff asserts that “no point would be served

by further efforts to contact defendant prior to seeking relief

from this Court.” In other words, plaintiff concedes that no

efforts have been made to give defendant notice of this motion,

and argues that defendant’s failure to respond to the cease and

desist letters supports a determination that notice should not be

required in this case. 

“[O]ur entire jurisprudence runs counter to the notion of

court action taken before reasonable notice and an opportunity to

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be heard has been granted both sides of a dispute.” Granny Goose

Foods, Inc. v. Bhd. of Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers, Local No.

70, 415 U.S. 423, 439 (1974). Accordingly, Rule 65(b) places

“stringent restrictions . . . on the availability of ex parte

temporary restraining orders.” 415 U.S. at 438-39.

Consistent with this overriding concern, courts

have recognized very few circumstances justifying the

issuance of an ex parte TRO. For example, an ex parte

TRO may be appropriate “where notice to the adverse

party is impossible either because the identity of the

adverse party is unknown or because a known party

cannot be located in time for a hearing.” Am. Can Co.

v. Mansukhani, 742 F.2d 314, 322 (7th Cir. 1984). . . .

In cases where notice could have been given to the

adverse party, courts have recognized “a very narrow

band of cases in which ex parte orders are proper

because notice to the defendant would render fruitless

the further prosecution of the action.” Am. Can Co.,

742 F.2d at 322. In the trademark arena, such cases

include situations where an alleged infringer is likely

to dispose of the infringing goods before the hearing. 

See In the Matter of Vuitton et Fils S.A., 606 F.2d 1,

5 (2d Cir. 1979). 

Reno Air Racing Ass’n, Inc. v. McCord, 452 F.3d 1126, 1131 (9th

Cir. 2006). “Where there are no practical obstacles to giving

notice to the adverse party, an ex parte order is justified only

if there is no less drastic means for protecting the plaintiff’s

interests.” First Tech. Safety Sys., Inc. v. Depinet, 11 F.3d

641, 650 (6th Cir. 1993) (citation omitted).

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Because plaintiff has not shown that it is impossible to

provide notice to defendant – and probably could not do so, given

defendant’s telephone call in response to the first cease and

desist letter – and has also not shown that if it gave notice

further prosecution of this action would be fruitless, plaintiff

has failed to meet the requirements of Rule 65(b). Accordingly,

plaintiff’s motion for a TRO is denied, without prejudice to

seeking a preliminary injunction, relief to which it may well be

entitled. See, e.g., PC Connection, Inc. v. Programmer’s

Connection, Inc., No. CIV 92-206-M, 1994 WL 258656 (D.N.H.

Feb. 1, 1994).

SO ORDERED.

____________________________

Steven J. McAuliffe

Chief Judge

October 3, 2007

cc: Steven E. Grill, Esq.

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