I

107TH CONGRESS

1ST SESSION H. R. 1484

To implement the agreement establishing a United States-Jordan free trade

area.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

APRIL 4, 2001

Mr. LEVIN (for himself, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. GEPHARDT, Mr. BONIOR, Mr. MATSUI, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. JEFFERSON, Mr. BECERRA, Mr.

DOGGETT, Mr. TANNER, Mr. MORAN of Virginia, Ms. CARSON of Indiana,

Mrs. TAUSCHER, Mr. MEEKS of New York, Mr. LANTOS, Mr. FRANK,

Mr. HINCHEY, Mr. BERMAN, Mr. POMEROY, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr.

MCDERMOTT, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, and Mr. CARDIN) introduced the

following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means,

and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be

subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration

of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

A BILL

To implement the agreement establishing a United StatesJordan free trade area.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘United States-Jordan

5 Free Trade Area Implementation Act’’.
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1 SEC. 2. PURPOSES.

2 The purposes of this Act are—

3 (1) to implement the agreement between the

4 United States and Jordan establishing a free trade

5 area;

6 (2) to strengthen and develop the economic re7 lations between the United States and Jordan for

8 their mutual benefit; and

9 (3) to establish free trade between the 2 nations

10 through the removal of trade barriers.

11 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

12 For purposes of this Act:

13 (1) AGREEMENT.—The term ‘‘Agreement’’

14 means the Agreement between the United States of

15 America and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on

16 the Establishment of a Free Trade Area, entered

17 into on October 24, 2000.

18 (2) HTS.—The term ‘‘HTS’’ means the Har19 monized Tariff Schedule of the United States.

20 TITLE I—TARIFF MODIFICA21 TIONS; RULES OF ORIGIN

22 SEC. 101. TARIFF MODIFICATIONS.

23 (a) TARIFF MODIFICATIONS PROVIDED FOR IN THE

24 AGREEMENT.—The President may proclaim—

25 (1) such modifications or continuation of any

26 duty,
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1 (2) such continuation of duty-free or excise

2 treatment, or

3 (3) such additional duties,

4 as the President determines to be necessary or appropriate

5 to carry out article 2.1 of the Agreement and the schedule

6 of duty reductions with respect to Jordan set out in Annex

7 2.1 of the Agreement.

8 (b) OTHER TARIFF MODIFICATIONS.—The President

9 may proclaim—

10 (1) such modifications or continuation of any

11 duty,

12 (2) such continuation of duty-free or excise

13 treatment, or

14 (3) such additional duties,

15 as the President determines to be necessary or appropriate

16 to maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually

17 advantageous concessions with respect to Jordan provided

18 for by the Agreement.

19 SEC. 102. RULES OF ORIGIN.

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—

21 (1) ELIGIBLE ARTICLES.—

22 (A) IN GENERAL.—The reduction or elimi23 nation of any duty imposed on any article by

24 the United States provided for in the Agree25 ment shall apply only if—
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1 (i) that article is imported directly

2 from Jordan into the customs territory of

3 the United States; and

4 (ii) that article—

5 (I) is wholly the growth, product,

6 or manufacture of Jordan; or

7 (II) is a new or different article

8 of commerce that has been grown,

9 produced, or manufactured in Jordan

10 and meets the requirements of sub11 paragraph (B).

12 (B) REQUIREMENTS.—

13 (i) GENERAL RULE.—The require14 ments of this subparagraph are that with

15 respect to an article described in subpara16 graph (A)(ii)(II), the sum of—

17 (I) the cost or value of the mate18 rials produced in Jordan, plus

19 (II) the direct costs of processing

20 operations performed in Jordan,

21 is not less than 35 percent of the ap22 praised value of such article at the time it

23 is entered.

24 (ii) MATERIALS PRODUCED IN UNITED

25 STATES.—If the cost or value of materials
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1 produced in the customs territory of the

2 United States is included with respect to

3 an article to which this paragraph applies,

4 an amount not to exceed 15 percent of the

5 appraised value of the article at the time

6 it is entered that is attributable to such

7 United States cost or value may be applied

8 toward determining the percentage re9 ferred to in clause (i).

10 (2) EXCLUSIONS.—No article may be consid11 ered to meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A)

12 by virtue of having merely undergone—

13 (A) simple combining or packaging oper14 ations; or

15 (B) mere dilution with water or mere dilu16 tion with another substance that does not mate17 rially alter the characteristics of the article.

18 (b) DIRECT COSTS OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS.—

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—As used in this section, the

20 term ‘‘direct costs of processing operations’’ in21 cludes, but is not limited to—

22 (A) all actual labor costs involved in the

23 growth, production, manufacture, or assembly

24 of the specific merchandise, including fringe

25 benefits, on-the-job training, and the cost of en-
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1 gineering, supervisory, quality control, and

2 similar personnel; and

3 (B) dies, molds, tooling, and depreciation

4 on machinery and equipment which are allo5 cable to the specific merchandise.

6 (2) EXCLUDED COSTS.—The term ‘‘direct costs

7 of processing operations’’ does not include costs

8 which are not directly attributable to the merchan9 dise concerned, or are not costs of manufacturing

10 the product, such as—

11 (A) profit; and

12 (B) general expenses of doing business

13 which are either not allocable to the specific

14 merchandise or are not related to the growth,

15 production, manufacture, or assembly of the

16 merchandise, such as administrative salaries,

17 casualty and liability insurance, advertising,

18 and salesmen’s salaries, commissions, or ex19 penses.

20 (c) TEXTILE AND APPAREL ARTICLES.—

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—A textile or apparel article

22 imported directly from Jordan into the customs ter23 ritory of the United States shall be considered to

24 meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of sub25 section (a) only if—
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1 (A) the article is wholly obtained or pro2 duced in Jordan;

3 (B) the article is a yarn, thread, twine,

4 cordage, rope, cable, or braiding, and—

5 (i) the constituent staple fibers are

6 spun in Jordan, or

7 (ii) the continuous filament is ex8 truded in Jordan;

9 (C) the article is a fabric, including a fab10 ric classified under chapter 59 of the HTS, and

11 the constituent fibers, filaments, or yarns are

12 woven, knitted, needled, tufted, felted, entan13 gled, or transformed by any other fabric-making

14 process in Jordan; or

15 (D) the article is any other textile or ap16 parel article that is wholly assembled in Jordan

17 from its component pieces.

18 (2) DEFINITION.—For purposes of paragraph

19 (1), an article is ‘‘wholly obtained or produced in

20 Jordan’’ if it is wholly the growth, product, or man21 ufacture of Jordan.

22 (3) SPECIAL RULES.—(A) Notwithstanding

23 paragraph (1)(D) and except as provided in sub24 paragraphs (C) and (D) of this paragraph, subpara25 graph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1), as appro-
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1 priate, shall determine whether a good that is classi2 fied under one of the following headings or sub3 headings of the HTS shall be considered to meet the

4 requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of subsection (a):

5 5609, 5807, 5811, 6209.20.50.40, 6213, 6214,

6 6301, 6302, 6304, 6305, 6306, 6307.10, 6307.90,

7 6308, and 9404.90.

8 (B) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(D) and ex9 cept as provided in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of

10 this paragraph, a textile or apparel article which is

11 knit-to-shape in Jordan shall be considered to meet

12 the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of subsection

13 (a).

14 (C) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(D), a good

15 classified under heading 6117.10, 6213.00, 6214.00.

16 6302.22, 6302.29, 6302.52, 6302.53, 6302.59,

17 6302.92, 6302.93, 6302.99, 6303.92, 6303.99,

18 6304.19, 6304.93, 6304.99, 9404.90.85, or

19 9404.90.95 of the HTS, except for a good classified

20 under any such heading as of cotton or of wool or

21 consisting of fiber blends containing 16 percent or

22 more by weight of cotton, shall be considered to

23 meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of sub24 section (a) if the fabric in the good is both dyed and

25 printed in Jordan, and such dyeing and printing is
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1 accompanied by 2 or more of the following finishing

2 operations: bleaching, shrinking, fulling, napping,

3 decating, permanent stiffening, weighting, perma4 nent embossing, or moireing.

5 (D) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(C), a fabric

6 classified under the HTS as of silk, cotton, man7 made fiber, or vegetable fiber shall be considered to

8 meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of sub9 section (a) if the fabric is both dyed and printed in

10 Jordan, and such dyeing and printing is accom11 panied by 2 or more of the following finishing oper12 ations: bleaching, shrinking, fulling, napping,

13 decating, permanent stiffening, weighting, perma14 nent embossing, or moireing.

15 (4) MULTICOUNTRY RULE.—If the origin of a

16 textile or apparel article cannot be determined under

17 paragraph (1) or (3), then that article shall be con18 sidered to meet the requirements of paragraph

19 (1)(A) of subsection (a) if—

20 (A) the most important assembly or manu21 facturing process occurs in Jordan; or

22 (B) if the applicability of paragraph (1)(A)

23 of subsection (a) cannot be determined under

24 subparagraph (A), the last important assembly

25 or manufacturing occurs in Jordan.
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1 (d) EXCLUSION.—A good shall not be considered to

2 meet the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) of subsection

3 (a) if the good—

4 (1) is imported into Jordan, and, at the time of

5 importation, would be classified under heading 0805

6 of the HTS; and

7 (2) is processed in Jordan into a good classified

8 under any of subheadings 2009.11 through 2009.30

9 of the HTS.

10 (e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury,

11 after consultation with the United States Trade Rep12 resentative, shall prescribe such regulations as may be

13 necessary to carry out this section.

14 TITLE II—RELIEF FROM

15 IMPORTS

16 Subtitle A—General Provisions

17 SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

18 As used in this title:

19 (1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’

20 means the United States International Trade Com21 mission.

22 (2) JORDANIAN ARTICLE.—The term ‘‘Jor23 danian article’’ means an article that qualifies for

24 reduction or elimination of a duty under section 102.
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1 Subtitle B—Relief From Imports

2 Benefiting From The Agreement

3 SEC. 211. COMMENCING OF ACTION FOR RELIEF.

4 (a) FILING OF PETITION.—

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—A petition requesting action

6 under this part for the purpose of adjusting to the

7 obligations of the United States under the Agree8 ment may be filed with the Commission by an entity,

9 including a trade association, firm, certified or rec10 ognized union, or group of workers that is represent11 ative of an industry. The Commission shall transmit

12 a copy of any petition filed under this subsection to

13 the United States Trade Representative.

14 (2) PROVISIONAL RELIEF.—An entity filing a

15 petition under this subsection may request that pro16 visional relief be provided as if the petition had been

17 filed under section 202(a) of the Trade Act of 1974.

18 (3) CRITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES.—Any allegation

19 that critical circumstances exist shall be included in

20 the petition.

21 (b) INVESTIGATION AND DETERMINATION.—

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the filing of a petition

23 under subsection (a), the Commission, unless sub24 section (d) applies, shall promptly initiate an inves25 tigation to determine whether, as a result of the re-
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1 duction or elimination of a duty provided for under

2 the Agreement, a Jordanian article is being im3 ported into the United States in such increased

4 quantities, in absolute terms or relative to domestic

5 production, and under such conditions that imports

6 of the Jordanian article alone constitute a substan7 tial cause of serious injury or threat thereof to the

8 domestic industry producing an article that is like,

9 or directly competitive with, the imported article.

10 (2) CAUSATION.—For purposes of this part, a

11 Jordanian article is being imported into the United

12 States in increased quantities as a result of the re13 duction or elimination of a duty provided for under

14 the Agreement if the reduction or elimination is a

15 cause that contributes significantly to the increase in

16 imports. Such cause need not be equal to or greater

17 than any other cause.

18 (c) APPLICABLE PROVISIONS.—The following provi19 sions of section 202 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.

20 2252) apply with respect to any investigation initiated

21 under subsection (b):

22 (1) Paragraphs (1)(B) and (3) of subsection

23 (b).

24 (2) Subsection (c).

25 (3) Subsection (d).
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1 (d) ARTICLES EXEMPT FROM INVESTIGATION.—No

2 investigation may be initiated under this section with re3 spect to any Jordanian article if import relief has been

4 provided under this part with respect to that article.

5 SEC. 212. COMMISSION ACTION ON PETITION.

6 (a) DETERMINATION.—By no later than 120 days

7 (180 days if critical circumstances have been alleged) after

8 the date on which an investigation is initiated under sec9 tion 211(b) with respect to a petition, the Commission

10 shall make the determination required under that section.

11 (b) ADDITIONAL FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION IF

12 DETERMINATION AFFIRMATIVE.—If the determination

13 made by the Commission under subsection (a) with respect

14 to imports of an article is affirmative, the Commission

15 shall find, and recommend to the President in the report

16 required under subsection (c), the amount of import relief

17 that is necessary to remedy or prevent the injury found

18 by the Commission in the determination and to facilitate

19 the efforts of the domestic industry to make a positive ad20 justment to import competition. The import relief rec21 ommended by the Commission under this subsection shall

22 be limited to that described in section 213(c).

23 (c) REPORT TO PRESIDENT.—No later than the date

24 that is 30 days after the date on which a determination

25 is made under subsection (a) with respect to an investiga-
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1 tion, the Commission shall submit to the President a re2 port that shall include—

3 (1) a statement of the basis for the determina4 tion;

5 (2) dissenting and separate views; and

6 (3) any finding made under subsection (b) re7 garding import relief.

8 (d) PUBLIC NOTICE.—Upon submitting a report to

9 the President under subsection (c), the Commission shall

10 promptly make public such report (with the exception of

11 information which the Commission determines to be con12 fidential) and shall cause a summary thereof to be pub13 lished in the Federal Register.

14 (e) APPLICABLE PROVISIONS.—For purposes of this

15 part, the provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of sec16 tion 330(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1330(d))

17 shall be applied with respect to determinations and find18 ings made under this section as if such determinations and

19 findings were made under section 202 of the Trade Act

20 of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2252).

21 SEC. 213. PROVISION OF RELIEF.

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—No later than the date that is 30

23 days after the date on which the President receives the

24 report of the Commission containing an affirmative deter25 mination of the Commission under section 212(a), the
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1 President shall provide relief from imports of the article

2 that is the subject of such determination to the extent that

3 the President determines necessary to prevent or remedy

4 the injury found by the Commission and to facilitate the

5 efforts of the domestic industry to make a positive adjust6 ment to import competition, unless the President deter7 mines that the provision of such relief is not in the na8 tional economic interest of the United States or, in ex9 traordinary circumstances, that the provision of such relief

10 would cause serious harm to the national security of the

11 United States.

12 (b) NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEREST.—The President

13 may determine under subsection (a) that providing import

14 relief is not in the national economic interest of the United

15 States only if the President finds that taking such action

16 would have an adverse impact on the United States econ17 omy clearly greater than the benefits of taking such ac18 tion.

19 (c) NATURE OF RELIEF.—The import relief (includ20 ing provisional relief) that the President is authorized to

21 provide under this part with respect to imports of an arti22 cle is—

23 (1) the suspension of any further reduction pro24 vided for under the United States Schedule to Annex
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1 2.1 of the Agreement in the duty imposed on that

2 article;

3 (2) an increase in the rate of duty imposed on

4 such article to a level that does not exceed the lesser

5 of—

6 (A) the column 1 general rate of duty im7 posed under the HTS on like articles at the

8 time the import relief is provided; or

9 (B) the column 1 general rate of duty im10 posed under the HTS on like articles on the

11 day before the date on which the Agreement en12 ters into force; or

13 (3) in the case of a duty applied on a seasonal

14 basis to that article, an increase in the rate of duty

15 imposed on the article to a level that does not exceed

16 the column 1 general rate of duty imposed under the

17 HTS on the article for the corresponding season oc18 curring immediately before the date on which the

19 Agreement enters into force.

20 (d) PERIOD OF RELIEF.—The import relief that the

21 President is authorized to provide under this section may

22 not exceed 4 years.

23 (e) RATE AFTER TERMINATION OF IMPORT RE24 LIEF.—When import relief under this part is terminated

25 with respect to an article—
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1 (1) the rate of duty on that article after such

2 termination and on or before December 31 of the

3 year in which termination occurs shall be the rate

4 that, according to the United States Schedule to

5 Annex 2.1 of the Agreement for the staged elimi6 nation of the tariff, would have been in effect 1 year

7 after the initiation of the import relief action under

8 section 211; and

9 (2) the tariff treatment for that article after

10 December 31 of the year in which termination oc11 curs shall be, at the discretion of the President,

12 either—

13 (A) the rate of duty conforming to the ap14 plicable rate set out in the United States

15 Schedule to Annex 2.1; or

16 (B) the rate of duty resulting from the

17 elimination of the tariff in equal annual stages

18 ending on the date set out in the United States

19 Schedule to Annex 2.1 for the elimination of

20 the tariff.

21 SEC. 214. TERMINATION OF RELIEF AUTHORITY.

22 (a) GENERAL RULE.—Except as provided in sub23 section (b), no import relief may be provided under this

24 part after the date that is 15 years after the date on which

25 the Agreement enters into force.
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1 (b) EXCEPTION.—Import relief may be provided

2 under this part in the case of a Jordanian article after

3 the date on which such relief would, but for this sub4 section, terminate under subsection (a), but only if the

5 Government of Jordan consents to such provision.

6 SEC. 215. COMPENSATION AUTHORITY.

7 For purposes of section 123 of the Trade Act of 1974

8 (19 U.S.C. 2133), any import relief provided by the Presi9 dent under section 213 shall be treated as action taken

10 under chapter 1 of title II of such Act.

11 SEC. 216. SUBMISSION OF PETITIONS.

12 A petition for import relief may be submitted to the

13 Commission under—

14 (1) this part;

15 (2) chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act of

16 1974; or

17 (3) under both this part and such chapter 1 at

18 the same time, in which case the Commission shall

19 consider such petitions jointly.

20 Subtitle C—Cases Under Title II Of

21 The Trade Act of 1974

22 SEC. 221. FINDINGS AND ACTION ON JORDANIAN IMPORTS.

23 (a) EFFECT OF IMPORTS.—If, in any investigation

24 initiated under chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act of

25 1974, the Commission makes an affirmative determination
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1 (or a determination which the President may treat as an

2 affirmative determination under such chapter by reason

3 of section 330(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930), the Commis4 sion shall also find (and report to the President at the

5 time such injury determination is submitted to the Presi6 dent) whether imports of the article from Jordan are a

7 substantial cause of serious injury or threat thereof.

8 (b) PRESIDENTIAL ACTION REGARDING JORDANIAN

9 IMPORTS.—In determining the nature and extent of action

10 to be taken under chapter 1 of title II of the Trade Act

11 of 1974, the President shall determine whether imports

12 from Jordan are a substantial cause of the serious injury

13 found by the Commission and, if such determination is

14 in the negative, may exclude from such action imports

15 from Jordan.

16 SEC. 222. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.

17 Section 202(a)(8) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19

18 U.S.C. 2252(a)(8)) is amended in the first sentence—

19 (1) by striking ‘‘and part 1’’ and inserting ‘‘,

20 part 1’’; and

21 (2) by inserting before the period at the end ‘‘,

22 and title II of the United States-Jordan Free Trade

23 Area Implementation Act’’.
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1 TITLE III—TEMPORARY ENTRY

2 SEC. 301. NONIMMIGRANT TRADERS AND INVESTORS.

3 Upon the basis of reciprocity secured by the Agree4 ment, an alien who is a national of Jordan (and any

5 spouse or child (as defined in section 101(b)(1) of the Im6 migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(b)(1)) of

7 the alien, if accompanying or following to join the alien)

8 shall be considered as entitled to enter the United States

9 under and in pursuance of the provisions of the Agreement

10 as a nonimmigrant described in section 101(a)(15)(E) of

11 the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.

12 1101(a)(15)(E)), if the entrance is solely for a purpose

13 described in clause (i) or (ii) of such section and the alien

14 is otherwise admissible to the United States as such a non15 immigrant.

16 TITLE IV—GENERAL

17 PROVISIONS

18 SEC. 401. RELATIONSHIP OF THE AGREEMENT TO UNITED

19 STATES AND STATE LAW.

20 (a) RELATIONSHIP OF AGREEMENT TO UNITED

21 STATES LAW.—

22 (1) UNITED STATES LAW TO PREVAIL IN CON23 FLICT.—No provision of the Agreement, nor the ap24 plication of any such provision to any person or cir-
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1 cumstance, that is inconsistent with any law of the

2 United States shall have effect.

3 (2) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act shall

4 be construed—

5 (A) to amend or modify any law of the

6 United States, or

7 (B) to limit any authority conferred under

8 any law of the United States,

9 unless specifically provided for in this Act.

10 (b) RELATIONSHIP OF AGREEMENT TO STATE

11 LAW.—

12 (1) LEGAL CHALLENGE.—No State law, or the

13 application thereof, may be declared invalid as to

14 any person or circumstance on the ground that the

15 provision or application is inconsistent with the

16 Agreement, except in an action brought by the

17 United States for the purpose of declaring such law

18 or application invalid.

19 (2) DEFINITION OF STATE LAW.—For purposes

20 of this subsection, the term ‘‘State law’’ includes—

21 (A) any law of a political subdivision of a

22 State; and

23 (B) any State law regulating or taxing the

24 business of insurance.
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1 (c) EFFECT OF AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO PRI2 VATE REMEDIES.—No person other than the United

3 States—

4 (1) shall have any cause of action or defense

5 under the Agreement; or

6 (2) may challenge, in any action brought under

7 any provision of law, any action or inaction by any

8 department, agency, or other instrumentality of the

9 United States, any State, or any political subdivision

10 of a State on the ground that such action or inaction

11 is inconsistent with the Agreement.

12 SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

13 There are authorized to be appropriated for each fis14 cal year after fiscal year 2001 to the Department of Com15 merce not more than $100,000 for the payment of the

16 United States share of the expenses incurred in dispute

17 settlement proceedings under article 17 of the Agreement.

18 SEC. 403. IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.

19 After the date of enactment of this Act—

20 (1) the President may proclaim such actions,

21 and

22 (2) other appropriate officers of the United

23 States may issue such regulations,

24 as may be necessary to ensure that any provision of this

25 Act, or amendment made by this Act, that takes effect
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1 on the date the Agreement enters into force is appro2 priately implemented on such date, but no such proclama3 tion or regulation may have an effective date earlier than

4 the date the Agreement enters into force.

5 SEC. 404. EFFECTIVE DATES; EFFECT OF TERMINATION.

6 (a) EFFECTIVE DATES.—Except as provided in sub7 section (b), the provisions of this Act and the amendments

8 made by this Act take effect on the date the Agreement

9 enters into force.

10 (b) EXCEPTIONS.—Sections 1 through 3 and this

11 title take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

12 (c) TERMINATION OF THE AGREEMENT.—On the

13 date on which the Agreement ceases to be in force, the

14 provisions of this Act (other than this subsection) and the

15 amendments made by this Act, shall cease to have effect.

Æ