COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Beales, O’Brien and Raphael

JOHNNY WINSTON SWAIN, SOMETIMES KNOWN AS

 JOHNNY WINSTON SWAIN, JR.

MEMORANDUM OPINION*

v. Record No. 0916-23-3 PER CURIAM

MARCH 26, 2024

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY

Stacey W. Moreau, Judge

(Gregory T. Casker, on brief), for appellant.

(Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General; Ryan Beehler, Assistant 

Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

After a bench trial, the court convicted Johnny Winston Swain, Jr. (appellant) of knowingly 

receiving stolen goods valued at $1,000 or more. On appeal, appellant challenges the sufficiency of 

the evidence. Finding no error, we affirm the judgment and unanimously hold that oral argument is 

unnecessary because “the appeal is wholly without merit.” Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a); Rule 5A:27(a).

BACKGROUND1

At trial, Diana Stadler testified that she owned a 23-foot pontoon boat that she kept on a 

trailer on her property on Bibee Road in Pittsylvania County. She last saw the boat and trailer in 

August 2022. Stadler opined that the value of the boat alone was $15,000, excluding the trailer.

* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1-413(A).

1 On appeal, we recite the facts “in the ‘light most favorable’ to the Commonwealth, the 

prevailing party in the trial court.” Hammer v. Commonwealth, 74 Va. App. 225, 231 (2022) 

(quoting Commonwealth v. Cady, 300 Va. 325, 329 (2021)).

UNPUBLISHED
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Tonya Barbour, the office manager of a scrapyard, identified appellant as a regular customer 

and testified that she was familiar with his gray sport utility vehicle. Barbour identified a 

photograph taken from surveillance video in October 2022 showing appellant’s vehicle towing a 

trailer carrying a long metal object into the scrapyard. A second photograph taken approximately 

20 minutes later showed appellant driving out of the scrapyard. Stadler testified that the trailer in 

the photograph belonged to her and the object on the trailer in the photograph was a piece of her 

pontoon boat.

On October 20, Investigator William Chaney told appellant that he “needed to talk to him 

about a pontoon boat that was stolen on Bibee Road.” Appellant initially denied any knowledge of 

the stolen boat, but when Investigator Chaney told appellant that he had a video of appellant selling 

the boat for scrap, appellant admitted that “Devin Daniel had brought the pontoon boat to his house 

and asked him to get rid of it.” Appellant confessed that he “cut [the boat] up” and “sold it for 

scrap.” He also told the investigator where “other property” taken from Bibee Road could be found.

At the close of the evidence, the court denied appellant’s motion to strike and convicted him 

of knowingly receiving stolen property.

ANALYSIS

“When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘[t]he judgment of the trial court is 

presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to 

support it.’” McGowan v. Commonwealth, 72 Va. App. 513, 521 (2020) (alteration in original) 

(quoting Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018)). “[T]he relevant question [on 

appeal] is whether ‘any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime 

beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Vasquez v. Commonwealth, 291 Va. 232, 248 (2016) (quoting

Williams v. Commonwealth, 278 Va. 190, 193 (2009)).
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To convict a defendant of violating Code § 18.2-108, knowingly receiving stolen property, 

the Commonwealth must prove that the property “was (1) previously stolen by another, and 

(2) received by [the] defendant, (3) with knowledge of the theft, and (4) [with] a dishonest intent.” 

Shaver v. Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 789, 800 (1999) (quoting Bynum v. Commonwealth, 23 

Va. App. 412, 419 (1996)). Appellant does not argue that the Commonwealth failed to prove any 

specific element of the offense. Rather, he asserts that the Commonwealth failed to prove that the 

boat that appellant “admitted that he possessed” was “[Stadler’s] pontoon boat.”

We disagree. Based on Stadler’s testimony that she had not seen her pontoon boat after 

parking it on her property in August 2022, a rational fact finder could conclude that the boat was 

stolen. Further, Stadler testified that she recognized a piece of her pontoon boat, as well as her

trailer in the scrapyard photographs, and Barbour identified appellant as the person who brought the 

trailer and piece of the boat to the scrapyard.

Appellant’s admissions to Investigator Chaney during their interview bolstered the 

connection between appellant and Stadler’s stolen pontoon boat. Appellant contends that, although

he admitted receiving, cutting up, and selling “a pontoon boat,” for scrap, he “never acknowledged 

that [this] pontoon boat . . . came from Bibee Road.”2 A rational fact finder could conclude 

otherwise. Investigator Chaney asked appellant “about a pontoon boat that was stolen on Bibee 

Road.” After the investigator told appellant that he “had him on video” selling the boat for scrap, 

appellant admitted that Daniel “had brought the pontoon to his house and asked him to get rid of it.” 

A rational fact finder could determine that when appellant confessed to receiving, cutting up, and 

selling “the” stolen pontoon boat, he meant the boat that was the subject of the interview—the one 

stolen from Bibee Road. Moreover, appellant’s claimed knowledge of “other” items taken from the 

2 Appellant does not challenge Stadler’s ownership of the stolen pontoon boat.
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Bibee Road property further supports the conclusion that appellant’s admission referred to Stadler’s

stolen pontoon boat rather than some other boat.

In sum, Stadler, Barbour, and Investigator Chaney’s testimony, as well as the scrapyard 

photos, viewed together in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, established that appellant

received Stadler’s pontoon boat with knowledge of the theft and with dishonest intent. 

CONCLUSION

For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Affirmed.