FILED 

 U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 

 08/25/99 

 THOMAS K. KAHN 

 CLERK

PUBLISH

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

 

No. 98-8393

 

D. C. Docket No. 5:95-CV-454-2(DF)

THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, INC.,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

MARIE WARD, Individually and as a Trustee

of Brown Chapel African Methodist Episcopal 

Church, WILLIE M. REID, et al.,

Defendants-Appellees.

 

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Georgia

 

(August 25, 1999)

Before TJOFLAT and BIRCH, Circuit Judges, and BRIGHT*, Senior Circuit

Judge.

______________________________________________

*Honorable Myron H. Bright, Senior U.S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit,

sitting by designation.
1

 The complaint also sought damages, but the damages claim was

subsequently abandoned.

2

TJOFLAT, Circuit Judge:

This case arises out of a property dispute between the national African

Methodist Episcopal Church, Inc. (the “AME Church”), and a Eatonton, Georgia,

congregation currently known as Brown’s Chapel Community Church (“Brown’s

Chapel”). For over one hundred years, beginning in the late nineteenth century,

Brown’s Chapel was part of the AME Church. Then, in July 1994, the

membership of Brown’s Chapel voted to disassociate from the AME Church and

become an independent, unaffiliated congregation. The congregation continued to

meet in the building that it had used prior to the disassociation.

Im October 1995, the AME Church filed this suit in the United States

District Court for the Middle District of Georgia, seeking a declaratory judgment

stating that the AME Church is the legal and equitable owner of the property on

which Brown’s Chapel is meeting, and an injunction forbidding the Brown’s

Chapel congregation to cease using the property.1

 The named defendants in the

lawsuit were Marie Ward, individually and as a trustee of Brown’s Chapel African
2

 Under the internal operating rules of the AME Church, each local

congregation holds its property in trust for the AME Church; the trust is managed

by a board of trustees selected by the local congregation. Although there is some

dispute about the matter, Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid appear to have been the trustees

at the time that Brown’s Chapel separated from the AME Church.

3

Methodist Episcopal Church, and Willie M. Reid, individually and as a trustee of

Brown’s Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church.2

The AME Church then sent each of the defendants (via certified mail) a

copy of the complaint, a summons, a “notice of lawsuit” form, and a form asking

the defendants to waive formal service of process. See generally Fed. R. Civ. P.

4(d)(2). Each defendant returned the mail, unopened, with the notation “Refused. 

Do not send anymore.” Consequently, the AME Church had to resort to formal

service of process, and therefore asked the county sheriff to serve each defendant

with a copy of the complaint and summons. Defendant Ward repeatedly refused to

answer her door to accept service of process. Consequently, the sheriff served Ms.

Ward’s niece (Ms. Mary Alice Smith), explained to Ms. Smith the purpose and

importance of service of process, and accompanied Ms. Smith to Ms. Ward’s

house. Ms. Smith was granted admittance to Ms. Ward’s house, discussed the

lawsuit with Ms. Ward, and then gave the service papers to Ms. Ward. Defendant

Reid was personally served by the sheriff in February 1996. The sheriff explained

to Ms. Reid the significance of the service papers and her obligation to respond.
4

Neither defendant answered the AME Church’s complaint. (It later came to

light that the pastor of Brown’s Chapel had instructed the defendants to ignore any

legal papers they received from the AME Church.) Consequently, in January

1997, the clerk of court entered a default as to both defendants. Then, after a

hearing, a default judgment was entered against both defendants, granting the

declaratory and injunctive relief requested by the AME Church.

The following month (February 1997), the congregation at Brown’s Chapel

discovered that it had been locked out of the church building that it had been using,

on the basis of the default judgment obtained by the AME Church. The

defendants, along with Brown’s Chapel, responded by moving the court to (1) set

aside the default and the default judgment, and (2) allow Brown’s Chapel to

intervene in the lawsuit as a party defendant. Both motions were granted. The

defendants then moved for summary judgment; the motion was granted. The AME

Church appeals, contending, inter alia, that the district court abused its discretion in

setting aside the default and the default judgment. We agree.

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allow a court to set aside a default “for

good cause,” Fed R. Civ. P. 55(c), and to set aside a default judgment on the basis

of “mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect,” or for “any other reason

justifying relief from the judgment.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1), (6); see also Fed R.
3

 The fact that the lawsuit was brought against Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid in

both their individual capacity and “as trustee of Brown’s Chapel African Methodist

Episcopal Church” is of no moment. This means only that the AME Church has

superior title to these individuals as both individuals and trustees; it means nothing

in regard to the Brown’s Chapel organization.

4

 Preferably a quiet title action – which is what this lawsuit should have been

all along.

5

Civ. P. 55(c). Thus, a district court may set aside an entry of default only if the

defaulting party can provide a good reason for the district court to do so. See

Gower v. Knight (In re Knight), 833 F.2d 1515, 1516 (11th Cir. 1987).

The appellees contend that the district court properly granted their motion to

set aside the default because Brown’s Chapel, the alleged title holder of the

property in dispute, was not named as a defendant. It is certainly the case that

Brown’s Chapel should have been named as a defendant in this lawsuit. This,

however, is not a reason for setting aside the default. On the contrary, because

Brown’s Chapel was not named as a defendant, it is not bound by the judgment. 

Instead, the default judgment in this case binds only two individuals – Ms. Ward

and Ms. Reid. In other words, the default judgment means only that as between the

AME Church and Ms. Ward and Ms. Reid, the AME Church has superior title.3

 It

has no implications for Brown’s Chapel; if the AME Church wishes to establish

superior title as to Brown’s Chapel, it will need to bring a separate lawsuit.4
6

The district court, in granting the defendants’ motion to set aside the default

and the default judgment, provided no reason for granting the motion other than its

belief that the case ought to be decided on the merits. This is certainly a noble

sentiment; inherent in the adversary system of justice is the idea that each side

ought to be heard prior to a court’s entry of final judgment. However, that same

system requires that the court have the power to compel parties to appear before it. 

The threat of default (and default judgment) is the court’s primary means of

compelling defendants in civil cases to appear before the court. If these defaults

could be put aside without cause, the threat of default would be meaningless, and

courts would lose much of their power to compel participation by civil defendants.

In sum, the defendants have simply failed to provide a satisfactory reason for

the district court to set aside the default (or the subsequent default judgment). 

Consequently, the judgment of the district court is REVERSED and the case is

REMANDED with instructions to reinstate the default and the default judgment. 

SO ORDERED.