J-S03028-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

DYLAN CHIARAMONTE 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 839 WDA 2021

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 17, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-65-CR-0002709-2018

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED: APRIL 11, 2022

Dylan Chiaramonte appeals from the judgment of sentence imposed 

following his convictions for rape of a child and related offenses.1 We affirm. 

Between 2011 and 2016, Chiaramonte sexually abused his niece (“the 

victim”) beginning when she was four years old.2 The victim’s relative referred 

to the abuse when talking to a school counselor, who informed police. 

Chiaramonte was arrested and charged with numerous sexual offenses. 

____________________________________________

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3121(c), 3123(b), 3125(a)(7), 3126(a)(7),

6301(a)(1)(ii).

2 For a more detailed description of Chiaramonte’s sexual abuse of the victim, 

see Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/21, at 2-24. 
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Chiaramonte filed a pre-trial motion in limine to limit the testimony of 

the Commonwealth’s expert witness, Carol A. Hughes, M.A., (“Hughes”) a 

licensed psychologist who specializes in the treatment of sexual abuse victims 

and offenders. Therein, Chiaramonte generally sought to limit Hughes’s report 

and testimony to facts and opinions regarding specific types of victim 

responses and victim behaviors pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5920(b)(2). See

Motion in Limine, 3/11/20, at 1-2. The trial court scheduled a hearing on the 

motion. At the hearing, Chiaramonte sought the preclusion of specific portions 

of Hughes’s expert report, including her references to a certain “class of 

perpetrators.”

3

 N.T. Motions Hearing, 9/8/20, at 6-8. Following the hearing, 

the trial court denied the motion. Id. 

The matter proceeded to a jury trial in September 2020. At trial, the 

Commonwealth presented the testimony of Hughes, who testified without 

objection regarding general descriptions of false reports of abuse and the 

factors she uses to determine if a victim was coached. 

At trial, the Commonwealth also called Daisy Perez (“Perez”), a forensic 

interviewer at the Child Advocacy Center (“CAC”), who interviewed the victim 

on September 26, 2017. The Commonwealth did not call Perez as an expert 

witness. Perez testified about her education and described the process and 

____________________________________________

3

In the copy of Hughes’s expert report attached to Chiaramonte’s motion in 

limine, Hughes generally discussed a victim’s delayed reporting of abuse due 

to the relationships between the abuser and victim, including grooming 

behavior by the abuser and the victim’s fear of the consequences of reporting

the abuse. 
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nature of forensic interviews generally. She testified that she conducted over 

150 forensic interviews at CAC. She also testified about “red flags” she looked 

for in her experience as a forensic interviewer, specifically as it relates to 

children who are “coached.” N.T., 9/14-17/20, at 244. Over Chiaramonte’s 

objection,4 Perez testified that she did not recall any “red flags” during the 

interview with victim. Id. at 244-45. 

At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Chiaramonte guilty of one count 

of rape of a child, two counts of involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, and 

one count each of aggravated indecent assault, indecent assault, and 

corruption of minors. 

On February 17, 2021, the trial court sentenced Chiaramonte to an 

aggregate prison sentence of twenty to forty years followed by fourteen years 

of probation. Chiaramonte filed post-sentence motions, which the trial court 

denied.5 Chiaramonte filed a timely notice of appeal, and both he and the trial 

court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925. 

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4 Chiaramonte did not seek to limit Perez’s testimony in a pre-trial motion in 

limine, but his trial counsel objected to “credibility” when the Commonwealth 

asked whether she recalled “red flags” during the victim’s interview. The trial 

court overruled the objection. 

5 We note the trial court entered its opinion and order denying Chiaramonte’s

timely post-sentence motions after more than 120 days and without expressly 

extending the time for deciding the motions. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(2), 

(3)(a)-(b). Although the trial court should have denied Chiaramonte’s postsentence motions by operation, Chiaramonte timely appealed within the thirty 

days of trial court’s order. See Commonwealth v. Khalil, 806 A.2d 415, 

419 (Pa. Super. 2002).
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Chiaramonte raises the following issues for our review: 

1. Did the [c]ourt err in permitting the Commonwealth to elicit 

expert testimony regarding false reports and the coaching of 

sexual abuse victims, when such testimony encroached upon 

the jury’s determination of the subject child’s credibility? 

2. Did the [c]ourt err in permitting a forensic interviewer to testify 

that she did not observe any “red flags” during her forensic 

interview of the subject child, as such testimony encroached 

upon the jury’s determination of the subject child’s credibility? 

Chiaramonte’s Brief at 4. 

In both of the issues before us, Chiaramonte challenges the trial court’s 

admission of certain portions of witness testimony. Our standard of review is 

as follows: “The admission of evidence is committed to the sound discretion 

of the trial court[.]” Commonwealth v. Benvenisti-Zarom, 229 A.3d 14, 

25 (Pa. Super. 2020) (internal citation omitted), appeal denied, 239 A.3d 1095 

(Pa. 2020). “[A]n appellate court may only reverse upon a showing that the 

trial court abused its discretion. An abuse of discretion is not a mere error in 

judgment but, rather, involves bias, ill will, partiality, prejudice, manifest 

unreasonableness, or misapplication of law.” Commonwealth v. McGhee, 

230 A.3d 1277, 1283 (Pa. Super. 2020), appeal denied, 244 A.3d 345 (Pa. 

2021) (internal citation omitted).

Further, “expert testimony is generally admissible if: the witness has a 

specialized knowledge beyond that possessed by the average layperson; such 

knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to 

determine a fact in issue; and the expert’s methodology is generally accepted 
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in the relevant field.” Commonwealth v. Maconeghy, 171 A.3d 707, 712 

(Pa. 2017) (citing Pa.R.E. 702).

In cases of sexual assault, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5920 permits the following 

expert evidence: 

(b) Qualifications and use of experts.—

* * * *

(2) If qualified as an expert, the witness may testify to facts 

and opinions regarding specific types of victim responses and 

victim behaviors. 

(3) The witness’s opinion regarding the credibility of any other 

witness, including the victim, shall not be admissible. 

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5920(b); see also Commonwealth v. Jones, 240 A.3d 881, 

896-97 (Pa. 2020) (holding that that under Section 5920, “expert testimony 

on the issue of a witness’s credibility is impermissible, as it encroaches on the 

province of the jury to make such determinations,” but recognizing that such 

a determination must “be assessed on a case-by-case basis”).

In his first issue, Chiaramonte argues that Hughes’s testimony regarding 

general descriptions of false reports of abuse and the factors she uses to 

determine if a victim was coached impermissibly encroached on the jury’s 

function to consider the victim’s credibility. 

The trial court, in its opinion, found Chiaramonte’s issue waived because 

he failed to object at trial. See Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/21, at 29. A review 

of the instant record establishes that Chiaramonte did not preserve this 

particular challenge for our review. As explained above, the trial court denied 
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Chiaramonte’s motion in limine and arguments at the pre-trial hearing seeking

to limit Hughes’s testimony to facts and opinions regarding victim responses 

and victim behaviors under Section 5920(b)(2) and, specifically, Hughes’s

references to classes of potential perpetrators. See Motion in Limine, 

3/11/20, at 1-2; N.T. Motions Hearing, 9/8/20, at 6-8. Additionally, when 

Hughes testified about her general experiences with victims giving false 

reports and being coached, Chiaramonte did not object. See N.T. Trial, 9/14-

17/20, at 74-75. Thus, Chiaramonte’s first issue is waived. See Pa.R.E. 

103(a) (requiring contemporaneous objections to a trial court’s evidentiary 

ruling); Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issues not raised in the trial court are 

waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal); Commonwealth 

v. Radecki, 180 A.3d 441, 455 (Pa. Super. 2018) (holding that claims not 

raised in the trial court are waived).6

In his second issue, Chiaramonte challenges the trial court’s admission 

of testimony concerning “red flags” from Perez, whom the Commonwealth 

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6 Even if Chiaramonte had preserved his first issue for our review, we would 

have determined that Hughes’s expert opinions regarding the indicia of false 

reports and coaching constituted permissible testimony regarding victim 

responses and victim behaviors under Section 5920(b)(2) rather than an 

opinion regarding the credibility of other witnesses or the specific victim 

prohibited by Section 5920(b)(3). See Commonwealth v. Smith, 206 A.3d 

551, 562 (Pa. Super. 2019) (holding that an expert’s general testimony about 

the dynamics of sexual violence and victim responses did not improperly 

bolster the victim’s credibility); see also Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/21, at 28-

29 (concluding that Hughes offered proper opinions under Section 5920, 

because she did not opine on the specific victim’s credibility).
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called as a fact witness. In addition to her testimony regarding her forensic 

interview with the victim, Perez testified about her education, training, and 

experience as a forensic interviewer. N.T., 9/14-17/20, at 241. She described 

the process of forensic interviews as “unscripted” and “non-leading,” and 

noted that she received specialized training to conduct the forensic interviews. 

Id. at 242-43. She stated that she conducted 150 to 200 forensic interviews. 

See id. at 243.

The Commonwealth then engaged Perez in the following exchange: 

Q. And when you’re performing a forensic interview, are there any 

red flags that you look for in terms of whether a child has been 

coached as to what to say? 

A. Yes. I would look for what words the child used. Were they 

exactly the same as to what I was told, for example, by parents 

who brought the child in. That could possibly be a red flag. 

Another red flag would be the details. Children who are telling the 

truth tend to have a lot of details to their report. 

Q. I want to ask you, did you perform a forensic interview with

[the victim]? 

[Perez answered that she interviewed the victim on September 

26, 2017] 

A. And when you were performing this interview . . ., do you recall 

any red flags during that interview? 

[Chiaramonte’s counsel]: Objection, Your Honor. That goes 

way too close to credibility. Way too close. 

[Commonwealth]: She talked about her experience as a 

forensic interviewer. 

THE COURT: The objection is overruled. 

* * * * 

Q. Did you observe any red flags during your interview with [the 

victim]? 
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A. No, I didn’t. 

See N.T., 9/14-17/20, at 244-45. Perez continued to testify that she recalled 

the victim providing “a lot of detail” during the interview and that she talked 

to the victim’s mother and heard “a little bit from the mother’s perspective of 

things.” Id. at 245. 

Chiaramonte first claims that Perez offered expert opinions despite the 

Commonwealth’s failure to qualify her as an expert witness.

7

 Second, 

Chiaramonte contends that Perez’s general descriptions of “red flags” during 

forensic interviews, and her subsequent testimony that there were no “red 

flags” when she interviewed the victim in the instant case, “unquestionably 

amounted to testimony that the victim was not coached and was telling the 

truth in her forensic interview.” Chiaramonte’s Brief at 14, 16. 

The trial court considered Chiaramonte’s second issue both at trial and 

in its opinion and determined that it lacked merit. The court reasoned that 

“Perez’s testimony offered no conclusion as to the credibility of [the victim.]” 

Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/21, at 32. In reaching its conclusion, the trial court 

relied on Commonwealth v. T.B., 232 A.3d 915 (Pa. Super. 2020), appeal 

denied, 240 A.3d 98 (Pa. 2020). 

In T.B., the Commonwealth sought to introduce factual evidence 

describing the interview process and use of an interview summary report form. 

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7 To the extent Chiaramonte claims that the Commonwealth should have 

qualified Perez as an expert, we conclude that he waived this issue by failing 

to object to her testimony on this basis. See Pa.R.E. 103(a); Pa.R.A.P. 

302(a); Radecki, 180 A.3d at 455. 
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Id. at 920. The trial court permitted a forensic interviewer—who had spoken 

to the victim but was not qualified as an expert at trial—to explain the 

significance of a check mark on the interview summary report indicating that 

the victim “provided sensory details.” Id. at 918. Over the appellant’s 

objection, the interviewer testified that “[a] child’s ability to describe a

situation, including details of how something sounded or something 

tasted or something felt speaks to an experience having occurred.” 

Id. (emphasis in original). 

On appeal, the T.B. Court affirmed the trial court’s ruling on the basis 

that the interviewer testified to facts about the interview and did not offer an 

opinion on the victim’s veracity or credibility. Id. at 920. The Court

emphasized that “[t]echnical expertise does not ipso facto convert a fact 

witness, who might explain how data was gathered, into an expert witness, 

who renders an opinion based on the data.” Id. at 919 (citation and quotation 

marks omitted). 

In the instant matter, the trial court explained that Perez offered proper 

lay opinions similar to those in T.B. Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/21, at 31. In 

the court’s view, Perez’s testimony, when read as a whole, “stated that [the 

victim] offered a lot of details and did not mirror a parent’s or other person’s 

story . . ..” See id.

We discern no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s reasoning. Like the 

witness in T.B., Perez offered no opinions about whether Chiaramonte abused 

the victim or whether the victim was more credible due to the absence of “red 
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flags” during the forensic interview. See T.B., 232 A.3d at 920. For these 

reasons, we conclude Chiaramonte’s arguments concerning Perez’s testimony 

merit no relief. 

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 04/11/2022