1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

3 Plaintiff-Appellee,

4 v. NO. 29,185 

5 ROBERTO L. RAMIREZ,

6 Defendant-Appellant.

7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY

8 Don Maddox, District Judge

9 Gary K. King, Attorney General

10 Santa Fe, NM

11 for Appellee

12 Templeman & Crutchfield, PA

13 Barry C. Crutchfield

14 Lovington, NM

15 for Appellant

16 MEMORANDUM OPINION

17 KENNEDY, Judge.

18 Roberto Ramirez (Defendant) appeals from a judgment and sentence entered

19 December 17, 2008 following a jury trial where he was convicted of involuntary
2

1 manslaughter. [RP 217-18] We issued a proposed notice of summary disposition,

2 proposing to affirm. Defendant filed a memorandum in opposition on April 14, 2009.

3 Having duly considered Defendant’s arguments, we affirm.

4 DISCUSSION

5 Defendant argues on appeal that the facts presented at trial do not support a

6 conviction for involuntary manslaughter. [MIO unnumbered 3] In order for

7 Defendant to be found guilty of manslaughter, the State must present sufficient

8 evidence for a reasonable fact finder to surmise Defendant’s acts were, individually

9 or in combination with the acts of others, the but-for cause of death. See UJI 14-251

10 NMRA; State v. Montoya, 2003-NMSC-004, ¶ 18, 133 N.M. 84, 61 P.3d 793.

11 Defendant’s position is that although he inadvertently shot Victim in the face,

12 Victim’s cause of death was medical malpractice and not the wound Defendant

13 inflicted. [MIO unnumbered 3] 

14 The jury instructions in this case required the State to prove beyond a

15 reasonable doubt that Defendant’s act, “in a natural and continuous chain of events,

16 uninterrupted by an outside event, resulted in the death,” and absent Defendant’s act,

17 “the death would not have occurred.” UJI 14-251. [RP 129] UJI 14-251 also

18 instructs the jury “there may be more than one significant cause of death. If the acts

19 of two or more persons significantly contribute to the cause of death, each act is a
3

1 significant cause of death.” [RP129] UJI 14-252 NMRA states, “contributing

2 negligence [by another person or persons] does not relieve the defendant of

3 responsibility for an act that significantly contributed to the cause of the death so long

4 as the death was a foreseeable result of the defendant’s actions.” [RP 130]

5 Defendant contends that the evidence presented at trial shows medical

6 malpractice was an outside, interrupting event, without which Victim would not have

7 died. [MIO unnumbered 3-4] Defendant argues that due to the evidence of

8 malpractice, there was insufficient evidence to support a finding that he caused

9 Victim’s death. [MIO unnumbered 3-4] “The reviewing court does not weigh the

10 evidence or substitute its judgment for that of the fact finder as long as there is

11 sufficient evidence to support the verdict.” State v. Mora, 1997-NMSC-060, ¶ 27, 124

12 N.M. 346, 950 P.2d 789. A sufficiency of the evidence review involves a two-step

13 process. Initially, the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.

14 Then the appellate court must make a legal determination of “whether the evidence

15 viewed in this manner could justify a finding by any rational trier of fact that each

16 element of the crime charged has been established beyond a reasonable doubt.” State

17 v. Apodaca, 118 N.M. 762, 766, 887 P.2d 756, 760 (1994) (internal quotation marks

18 and citation omitted).

19 The elements of involuntary manslaughter are that Defendant pointed a loaded
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1 firearm at Victim that went off, shooting the Victim. Defendant should have known

2 of the danger involved in his actions; he acted with a willful disregard for the safety

3 of others; his act caused the death of Victim; and that the events occurred in New

4 Mexico on or about July 14, 2007. UJI 14-251. [RP 129] On appeal, Defendant

5 argues only that a reasonable jury could not have found that his act caused the death

6 of Victim; and the evidence presented supports a finding that the hospital’s failure to

7 administer an anti-coagulant was the but-for cause of death. [MIO unnumbered 3-4]

8 Defendant argues Victim was recovering and would not have died of his gunshot

9 wound absent medical malpractice. [MIO 2-4]

10 The jury instructions provided clear direction that there may have been more

11 than one significant cause of death and the negligence of another party does not

12 relieve Defendant of responsibility for his own negligence. [RP 129-30] This

13 principle is also supported by New Mexico case law. See State v. Simpson, 116 N.M.

14 768, 772, 867 P.2d 1150, 1154 (1993) (holding a defendant's conduct need not be the

15 sole cause of the crime. It is only required that the result be proximately caused by,

16 or the natural and probable consequence of the accused's conduct. The conduct of

17 other parties is relevant only if it is a superseding cause that negates the defendant's

18 conduct). 

19 We can only overturn Defendant’s conviction on appeal if we find clear
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1 evidence in the record that he played too minor a causal role in Victim’s death to

2 justify criminal punishment. See Montoya, 2003-NMSC-004, ¶ 19. However,

3 viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we cannot say the

4 evidence supports such a finding. We hold sufficient evidence was presented at trial

5 to support a finding that Defendant’s act was a significant cause of death, and but for

6 Defendant’s actions, Victim’s death would not have occurred. We affirm.

7 IT IS SO ORDERED.

8 

9 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge

10 WE CONCUR:

11 

12 MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge

13 

14 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Judge