TY  - ELEC
TI  - Creating a Culture of Safety
AU  - Pope, Leah
AU  - Duleney-Brumsey, Ayesha
T2  - Vera Institute
AB  - Since 2011, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), through its Sentinel Events Initiative, has been investigating the feasibility of using a sentinel events approach to review and learn from errors in the criminal justice system such as wrongful convictions, eyewitness misidentifications, or incidents of suicide and self-harm in custody. Recognizing that adverse situations are rarely caused by a single event or the actions of an individual person, NIJ defines a sentinel event as a significant negative outcome that: 1) signals underlying weaknesses in a system or process; 2) is likely the result of compound errors; and 3) may provide, if properly analyzed and addressed, important keys to strengthening the system and preventing future adverse events or outcomes. 
With funding from NIJ, the Vera Institute of Justice (Vera) has been examining the applicability and appropriateness of using sentinel event reviews for incidents of suicide and serious self-harm in detention. This report focuses on these incidents as prime opportunities to implement sentinel event reviews in the criminal justice context.
DA  - 2017/06/12/
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
M3  - text/html
UR  - https://www.vera.org/publications/culture-of-safety-sentinel-event-suicide-self-harm-correctional-facilities
Y2  - 2017/06/13/16:39:39
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sentinel Events, Serious Reportable Events, and Root Cause Analysis
AU  - Chen, Teresa C.
AU  - Schein, Oliver D.
AU  - Miller, Joan W.
T2  - JAMA Ophthalmology
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0672
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
SP  - 631
EP  - 632
SN  - 2168-6173
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=25742139&site=ehost-live
AN  - 25742139
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20150601. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, IL : American Medical Association, [2013]-</p>
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20150601. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, IL : American Medical Association, [2013]-</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - Medical Errors*
KW  - Ophthalmology/*standards
KW  - Patient Care Team
KW  - Quality Assurance, Health Care/*standards
KW  - Risk management
KW  - Root Cause Analysis/*methods
KW  - Sentinel Surveillance*
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Improving the Use of Quality Circles in Police Departments
AU  - Hatry, Harry P.
AU  - Greiner, John M.
AB  - This report examines the practical issues that police departments face when considering the adoption, design, and implementation of "quality circle" programs, in which small groups of employees, primarily nonmanagement personnel from the same work unit, meet regularly to identify, analyze, and recommend solutions to problems confronting their work unit. This book reports on a 2-year (1983 and 1984) study of quality circles that involved a relevant literature review, a mail survey of police departments, telephone interviews with department personnel responsible for quality circles, a review of materials, and onsite field work. The study resulted in indications of the likely outcomes of police quality circles and information about specific ways to better apply quality circles and similar employee participation programs in police departments. The study concludes that the use of quality circles in police departments has the potential to achieve a number of small-scale service improvements in work units that use them. The effective use of quality circles, however, requires modest expenditures for training, overtime pay, and other activities of quality circles. There is no evidence to date that quality circles produce any major improvements in service delivery or productivity. The circles have typically focused on improving working conditions and the resolution of relatively minor, narrowly focused operating problems. Absent continuing maintenance of the circles and the identification of issues that impact employees' work, quality circles tend to deteriorate after a year or two. The long-term survival of quality circles depends on voluntary participation, a motivated facilitator who is given time to devote to the circle's operation, and explicit support and recognition from upper management. Detailed recommendations are offered for the development and maintenance of quality circles so they can fulfill their potential for improving work unit operations and employee morale. 24 notes and 101 references
CY  - United States
DA  - 1986///
PY  - 1986
SP  - 83
EP  - 83
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9721407?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Improving the Use of Quality Circles in Police Departments<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849; National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR204052; 204052</p>
KW  - *Police management (04967)
KW  - Group dynamics (09286)
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Police agencies (04557)
KW  - Police work attitudes (08674)
KW  - Productivity (04751)
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Detective and the Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - , Making Justice: The Innocence Challenge to Criminal Justice Policy and Practice. Routledge.
DA  - 2013/02/02/
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDY0ODIyMjUwNjE4MjgyMDY2NDcBSURoN2J2dWZ4YmNKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:13:30
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Applying systems thinking to law enforcement safety: recommendation for a comprehensivesafety management framework
AU  - DeBoard, Maggie
AB  - Note: Maggie A. DeBoard
Chief of Police, Herndon Police Department, VA

hile the law enforcement profession has begun to place an emphasis on safety
with the goal of reducing injuries and fatalities, the approach has focused narrowly on the
development of programs in targeted high-risk areas, such as driving and health and
wellness. These safety programs often operate independently and without coordination
with other safety initiatives, and fail to incorporate dedicated and trained safety personnel
to provide oversight on safety programs and practices. Unfortunately, this approach
allows for gaps in safety management that lead to injuries and fatalities that could be
prevented.
With the goal of developing a framework for a comprehensive law-enforcement
safety management system, analysis was conducted to identify the best safety programs,
policies, and practices in private industry and government organizations. These programs
and practices were evaluated for effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and applicability to
the law enforcement profession.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
PB  - Naval Postgraduate School
UR  - https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/47932/15Dec_Deboard_Maggie.pdf?sequence=1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Highlights from the literature on accident causation and system safety: Review of major ideas, recent contributions, and challenges
AU  - Saleh, J. H.
AU  - Marais, K. B.
AU  - Bakolas, E.
AU  - Cowlagi, R. V.
T2  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
AB  - This work constitutes a short guide to the extensive but fragmented literature on accident causation and system safety. After briefly motivating the interest in accident causation and discussing the notion of a safety value chain, we delve into our multi-disciplinary review with discussions of Man Made Disasters, Normal Accident, and the High Reliability Organizations (HRO) paradigm. The HRO literature intersects an extensive literature on safety culture, a subject we then briefly touch upon. Following this discussion, we note that while these social and organizational contributions have significantly enriched our understanding of accident causation and system safety, they have important deficiencies and are lacking in their understanding of technical and design drivers of system safety and accident causation. These missing ingredients, we argue, were provided in part by the development of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). The idea of anticipating possible accident scenarios, based on the system design and configuration, as well as its technical and operational characteristics, constitutes an important contribution of PRA, which builds on and extends earlier contributions made by the development of Fault Tree and Event Tree Analysis. We follow the discussion of PRA with an exposition of the concept of safety barriers and the principle of defense-in-depth, both of which emphasize the functions and “safety elements [that should be] deliberately inserted” along potential accident trajectories to prevent, contain, or mitigate accidents. Finally, we discuss two ideas that are emerging as foundational in the literature on system safety and accident causation, namely that system safety is a “control problem”, and that it requires a “system theoretic” approach to be dealt with. We clarify these characterizations and indicate research opportunities to be pursued along these directions. We conclude this work with two general recommendations: (1) that more fundamental research and cross-talk across several academic disciplines must be supported and incentivized for tackling the multi-disciplinary issues of accident causation and system safety (e.g., through the creation “academic hubs” or “centers of excellence” dedicated to system safety); and (2) that more interactions and partnerships between academia, industry, and government (especially accident investigation agencies) on accident causation and system safety issues would be particularly useful for all involved in advancing the safety agenda, from both research and education perspectives, and for disseminating research results, safety recommendations, and lessons learned from accident investigations.
DA  - 2010/11/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.ress.2010.07.004
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 95
IS  - 11
SP  - 1105
EP  - 1116
J2  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
SN  - 0951-8320
ST  - Highlights from the literature on accident causation and system safety
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832010001675
Y2  - 2018/01/17/14:50:28
N1  - <p>The High-Reliability Organization (HRO) viewpoint was developed through research conducted by a University of California-Berkley group from a field study “analyzing the factors leading to safe operations in high-risk organizations such as nuclear power plants, aircraft carrier flight decks, and air traffic control centers in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).”50</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
KW  - Accident causation
KW  - Defense-in-depth
KW  - High reliability organizations
KW  - Normal accidents
KW  - Safety barriers
KW  - Safety value chain
KW  - System safety
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moving Beyond Normal Accidents and High Reliability Organizations: A Systems Approach to Safety in Complex Systems
AU  - Leveson, Nancy
AU  - Dulac, Nicolas
AU  - Marais, Karen
AU  - Carroll, John
T2  - Organization Studies
AB  - In this century society faces increasingly large-scale accidents and risks emerging from our own wondrous technologies. Two prominent organizational approaches to safety, Normal Accident Theory and High Reliability Organizations, have focused attention on a variety of industries that deal with hazardous situations, developed concepts to explicate organizational structure and culture, and debated whether accidents are inevitable in complex systems. We outline these approaches and identify some limitations, including narrow definitions, ambiguity about key concepts, confusion of reliability and safety, and overly pessimistic or optimistic conclusions. We believe that the debate between NAT and HRO can become a more productive three-way conversation by including a systems approach to safety emerging from engineering disciplines. The more comprehensive systems approach clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of NAT and HRO and offers a more powerful repertoire of analytic tools and intervention strategies to manage and control post modern risk in complex, high-tech, systems with their potential for catastrophic disruptions and losses.
DA  - 2009/02/01/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1177/0170840608101478
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 30
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 227
EP  - 249
J2  - Organization Studies
LA  - en
SN  - 0170-8406
ST  - Moving Beyond Normal Accidents and High Reliability Organizations
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478
Y2  - 2018/01/17/15:02:01
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk Management and Training Safety Officers | Hendon Publishing
AU  - Boe, Robert
AU  - Means, Randy
T2  - Law and Order
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.hendonpub.com/law_and_order/articles/2014/01/risk_management_and_training_safety_officers
Y2  - 2018/01/17/15:34:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Blame the worker: The rise of behavioral-based safety programs
AU  - Frederick, J
AU  - Lessin, N
T2  - Multinational Monitor
DA  - 2000/01/01/
PY  - 2000
DP  - ResearchGate
VL  - 21
SP  - 10
EP  - 17
ST  - Blame the worker
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309074889_Blame_the_worker_The_rise_of_behavioral-based_safety_programs
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - My Resolution for 2018: Less Piety, More Complexity
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
AB  - Those who study the criminal justice system frequently encounter what a colleague of mine calls “the pious stories.” These are the conventional criticisms of the system that all correct-thinking, libe...
DA  - 2018/01/08/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
ST  - My Resolution for 2018
UR  - https://verdict.justia.com/2018/01/08/resolution-2018-less-piety-complexity
Y2  - 2018/01/12/17:42:16
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Sentinel Events: Justice System Disasters
T2  - Criminal (In)Justice
AB  - In the criminal justice system, things can go terribly wrong: convictions of the innocent, or killings of unarmed suspects.  We use the courts and investigations try to see who’s to blame.  But we do little to learn ways to stop it from happening again.  Using procedures from the worlds of medicine and aviation as a guide, Attorney James Doyle has become the leading advocate for using Sentinel event analysis as way to understand and fix systemic problems in criminal justice.   

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/s1yK_QwT5lY
DA  - 2018/01/09/
PY  - 2018
ST  - Criminal (In)justice
UR  - http://criminalinjustice.libsyn.com/sentinel-events-justice-system-disasters
Y2  - 2018/01/16/14:33:55
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - He saw a dazed woman put out in the cold by a Baltimore hospital. He started filming. - The Washington Post
AU  - Cox, John
T2  - Baltimore SUn
AB  - The man hurried up the Baltimore sidewalk with a camera in his hand as four black-clad hospital security guards walked toward him, then past him. One of them was pushing an empty wheelchair.

“So wait, y’all just going to leave this lady out here with no clothes on?” said Imamu Baraka, referring to a dazed woman wearing only a thin hospital gown and socks whom they had left alone at a bus stop Tuesday night in mid-30s temperatures. Her face appeared bloody, her eyes empty.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/iRXJxw11Txo
DA  - 2018/01/12/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-media-fury-follows-video-of-dazed-woman-put-out-in-cold-by-baltimore-hospital/2018/01/11/b8a7866c-f70d-11e7-b34a-b85626af34ef_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_baltimorepatient746pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.0815cc52b769
Y2  - 2018/01/16/14:35:08
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Hawaii False Alarm Hints at Thin Line Between Mishap and Nuclear War
AU  - Fisher, Max
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Security experts called it a frightening warning of how a technical error could trigger an unintended conflict with North Korea.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/iayYvr7uF1I
DA  - 2018/01/14/
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Asia Pacific
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/14/world/asia/hawaii-false-alarm-north-korea-nuclear.html
Y2  - 2018/01/16/14:40:12
KW  - Cold War Era
KW  - False Alarms
KW  - Nuclear Weapons
KW  - Reagan, Ronald Wilson
KW  - United States International Relations
KW  - USSR (Former Soviet Union)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How to make an innocent client plead guilty
AU  - Stein, Jeffrey D.
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - It’s simple. Just let the criminal justice system work its magic.
DA  - 2018/01/12/
PY  - 2018
DP  - www.washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinions
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-innocent-people-plead-guilty/2018/01/12/e05d262c-b805-11e7-a908-a3470754bbb9_story.html
Y2  - 2018/01/16/14:43:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root Cause Analysis: A Tool to Promote Officer Safety and Reduce Officer Involved Shootings Over Time
AU  - Hollway, John
AU  - Smoot, Sean
AU  - Lee, Calvin
T2  - Villanova Law Review
AB  - To date, efforts to reduce OIS have taken two forms: improved training
protocols designed to improve officer decision-making, and a variety
of accountability mechanisms designed to deter officer misconduct (usually
defined as any departure from protocol, whether or not that departure
was intentional or whether the OIS itself was intentional).1 While
each approach seeks to reduce the incidence of OIS in its own way, it is not
clear that our systems for evaluating a past OIS through administrative reviews,
civilian oversight, or civil and criminal litigation are effective in understanding
how to learn from past OIS or how to prevent the next OIS from occurring.
In this Article, we propose a third form of evaluating OIS: Root Cause
Analysis (RCA). RCA is a method of problem solving designed to identify
core underlying factors, including environmental or systemic factors, that
contributed (along with individual decision-making) to generate an undesirable
outcome, organizational accident, or adverse event.2 Once these
core underlying causative factors have been identified, participants in the
system can fashion remedies that will reduce or remove them from the
system, thereby preventing future occurrences of the undesirable outcome
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 883
UR  - https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3362&context=vlr
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The essential role of leadership in developing a safety culture
AU  - Joint Commission
AB  - In any health care organization, leadership’s first priority is to be accountable
for effective care while protecting the safety of patients, employees, and
visitors. Competent and thoughtful leaders* contribute to improvements in
safety and organizational culture.1,2 They understand that systemic flaws exist
and each step in a care process has the potential for failure simply because
humans make mistakes.3-5 James Reason compared these flaws – latent
hazards and weaknesses – to holes in Swiss cheese. These latent hazards
and weaknesses must be identified and solutions found to prevent errors from reaching the patient and causing harm.6
Examples of latent hazards and
weaknesses include poor design, lack of supervision, and manufacturing or
maintenance defects.
DA  - 2017/03/01/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_57_Safety_Culture_Leadership_0317.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - City agrees to pay $9.3 million for wrongful conviction tied to Burge detectives - Chicago Tribune
AU  - Meisner, Jason
T2  - Chicago Tribune
DA  - 2018/11/23/
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-met-wrongful-conviction-jon-burge-20180110-story.html
Y2  - 2018/01/16/15:17:53
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Boeing Annual Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents - SKYbrary Aviation Safety
AU  - Flight Safety Foundation
AB  - Each year since 1959, Boeing Commercial Airplanes has published its “Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents Worldwide Operations”. The statistics presented in these Annual Summaries are based only on commercial jet airplanes which are heavier than 60000lb (27 tonnes) maximum gross weight. However, aircraft manufactured in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) or the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) are excluded because of the lack of operational data. Commercial aeroplanes operated in military service are excluded but if a military-owned commercial jet transport is used for civilian commercial service, it will be included in respect of such operations.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Boeing_Annual_Summary_of_Commercial_Jet_Airplane_Accidents
Y2  - 2018/01/19/14:40:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reducing Fatal Police Shootings as System Crashes: Research, Theory, and Practice
AU  - Sherman, Lawrence W.
T2  - Annual Review of Criminology
AB  - Can fatal shootings by American police be reduced? If so, what theoretical framework would be most useful in saving more lives? What research agenda would that framework suggest? The purpose of this review is to answer those three questions. It applies the system-accident framework (Perrow 1984) as a pathway to help police agencies reduce fatal police shootings, adapting it as system-crash prevention to encompass a wider range of systemic causes of catastrophic events. In contrast to deterrence, the dominant policy perspective on reducing fatal shootings, a system-crash prevention approach applies lateral thinking (Johnson 2010) from lessons learned about airplane crashes, surgical errors, nuclear power plant meltdowns, and other rare events in complex systems. This framework spotlights the rare combinations of risk factors and errors that can produce fatal shootings, the prevention of which may need to vary widely between large and small communities. Of the 986 fatal police shootings reported nationally in 2015 (Wash. Post 2016), an estimated half occurred in cities with fewer than 50,000 residents; only a third occurred in cities over 250,000 residents (Sherman 2015), where the majority of all research on police shootings has been done. The system designs for fewer police killings in very large versus very small police agencies require a general framework for policy-relevant criminology. The framework suggested by Sampson et al. (2013) requires research to identify (a) causal mechanisms that may generally help to reduce fatal police shootings but may also have (b) heterogeneous effects that may work differently on different subpopulations or when their application is (c) contextualized in different social settings. Future research must therefore include very small communities in order to understand and help prevent the majority of all fatal police shootings.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/BQP0SWofKCM
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092409
DP  - Annual Reviews
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 421
EP  - 449
ST  - Reducing Fatal Police Shootings as System Crashes
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092409
Y2  - 2018/01/19/17:06:44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Translating Causal Claims
AU  - Sampson, Robert J.
AU  - Winship, Christopher
AU  - Knight, Carly
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2013/11/01/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12027
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 587
EP  - 616
J2  - Criminology & Public Policy
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9133.12027/abstract
Y2  - 2018/01/19/21:39:52
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Judge: collapse of sex crime trials could lead to rapists going free
AU  - Greenfield, Patrick
T2  - the Guardian
AB  - Series of blunders by police and CPS may stop juries trusting the evidence, says Lord Judge

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hzBzK6KgQBc
DA  - 2018/01/20/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
ST  - Judge
UR  - http://www.theguardian.com/law/2018/jan/20/judge-collapse-of-sex-trials-could-lead-to-rapists-going-free
Y2  - 2018/01/22/16:46:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Public defenders plead for relief, claim continuing caseload crisis
AU  - Sheppard, Maggie
T2  - Albuquergue Journal
AB  - A security guard at the mental health treatment center swore it was resident Renita Padilla who'd punched a tourist and stole her ring in the parking lot across the street. Santa Fe police checked security...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hU0jQRAZKRY
DA  - 2018/01/19/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.abqjournal.com/1121713/public-defenders-plead-for-relief-claim-continuing-caseload-crisis.html
Y2  - 2018/01/22/16:48:08
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Rethinking Root Cause Analysis | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Gupta, Kiran
AU  - Lyndon, Audrey
AB  - Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic process to analyze adverse events and near misses. Initially developed for use in high-risk industries such as nuclear power and aviation, the technique was adapted for health care in the late 1990s during the early days of the patient safety movement. RCA takes a structured, systems-oriented approach to identify what happened (the course of events), why an incident happened (the root cause, or causes), and how to prevent it from recurring in the future (corrective actions). Often, multiple root causes and corrective actions are identified. Accrediting bodies and some state regulatory agencies mandate RCAs after sentinel events and when significant patient harm occurs.
DA  - 2017/01//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/perspectives/perspective/216/rethinking-root-cause-analysis
Y2  - 2018/01/18/14:32:44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hamilton acute pain service safety study: using root cause analysis to reduce the incidence of adverse events
AU  - Paul, James E.
AU  - Buckley, Norman
AU  - McLean, Richard F.
AU  - Antoni, Karen
AU  - Musson, David
AU  - Kampf, Marianne
AU  - Buckley, Diane
AU  - Marcoux, Michelle
AU  - Frketich, Rosemary
AU  - Thabane, Lehana
AU  - Cheng, Ji
T2  - Anesthesiology
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although intravenous patient-controlled analgesia opioids and epidural analgesia offer improved analgesia for postoperative patients treated on an acute pain service, these modalities also expose patients to some risk of serious morbidity and even mortality. Root cause analysis, a process for identifying the causal factor(s) that underlie an adverse event, has the potential to identify and address system issues and thereby decrease the chance of recurrence of these complications.
METHODS: This study was designed to compare the incidence of adverse events on an acute pain service in three hospitals, before and after the introduction of a formal root cause analysis process. The "before" cohort included all patients with pain from February 2002 to July 2007. The "after" cohort included all patients with pain from January 2009 to December 2009.
RESULTS: A total of 35,384 patients were tracked over the 7 yr of this study. The after cohort showed significant reductions in the overall event rate (1.47 vs. 2.35% or 1 in 68 vs. 1 in 42, the rate of respiratory depression (0.41 vs. 0.71%), the rate of severe hypotension (0.78 vs. 1.34%), and the rate of patient-controlled analgesia pump programming errors (0.0 vs. 0.08%). Associated with these results, the incidence of severe pain increased from 6.5 to 10.5%. To achieve these results, 26 unique recommendations were made of which 23 being completed, 1 in progress, and 2 not completed.
CONCLUSIONS: Formal root cause analysis was associated with an improvement in the safety of patients on a pain service. The process was effective in giving credibility to recommendations, but addressing all the action plans proved difficult with available resources.
DA  - 2014/01//
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a76f59
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 120
IS  - 1
SP  - 97
EP  - 109
J2  - Anesthesiology
LA  - eng
SN  - 1528-1175
ST  - Hamilton acute pain service safety study
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398730
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24398730
KW  - Humans
KW  - Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
KW  - Analgesics, Opioid
KW  - Anesthesia, Epidural
KW  - Causality
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Hypotension
KW  - Infusion Pumps
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Clinics
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Respiratory Insufficiency
KW  - Root Cause Analysis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Sentinel Event: The Joint Commission
AU  - Agency for Healtcare Research and Qaulity
T2  - |AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AB  - Since 1998, The Joint Commission has issued sentinel event alerts in response to unexpected incidents involving death or serious physical or psychological injury (or risk thereof). These events are identified as sentinel due to the gravity of the injury and the need for immediate investigation and response. The goal is often to determine the root causes involved and provide recommendations for future prevention. The Sentinel Event Alert Web site includes a complete library of previous sentinel event alerts, along with related statistics, podcasts, forms, tools, policy and procedures, and a frequently asked questions section reviewing selected recent topics.
DA  - 2005/03/06/
PY  - 2005
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/1337
Y2  - 2018/01/18/14:48:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Politics of Policing: Ensuring Stakeholder Collaboration in the Federal Reform of Local Law Enforcement Agencies
AU  - Simmons, Kami Chavis
T2  - The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)
AB  - Title 42 U.S.C. § 14141 authorizes the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ") to seek injunctive relief against local law enforcement agencies to eliminate a pattern or practice of unconstitutional conduct by these agencies. Rather than initiate lawsuits to reform these agencies, DOJ's current strategy is to negotiate reforms using a process that involves only DOJ representatives, municipality officials, and police management officials. While there are many benefits of negotiating the reforms, the current process excludes important stakeholders directly impacted by the reforms, including community members, who are the consumers of police services, and the rank-and-file police officers, whom the reforms may adversely impact. The exclusion of these groups is not only inconsistent with general norms of democratic inclusion, but it is also inconsistent with the paradigm of community policing that emphasizes the benefits of police-community partnerships. Ultimately, exclusion of these stakeholders undermines the legitimacy of the reforms, thereby threatening the implementation and permanence of the reforms. This Article advocates that in order to ensure broader stakeholder participation in the context of DOJ's enforcement of § 14141, DOJ should formally adopt the paradigm of regulatory negotiation, a process that has been used successfully in administrative rulemaking. Applying the regulatory negotiation model to police reform has important implications such as greater cooperation among those implementing the reforms and the creation of innovative solutions to address police misconduct that are specifically tailored to the respective community.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - JSTOR
VL  - 98
IS  - 2
SP  - 489
EP  - 546
SN  - 0091-4169
ST  - The Politics of Policing
UR  - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40042869
Y2  - 2018/01/19/14:48:40
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Freddie Gray and the rush to judgment -
AU  - Chapman, Steve
T2  - Chicago Tribune
DA  - 2016/06/24/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/chapman/ct-freddie-gray-justice-police-michael-brown-perspec-0626-md-20160624-column.html
Y2  - 2018/01/19/15:01:23
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Citizen Review of Police: Approaches and Implementation
AU  - Finn, Peter
AB  - In many communities, residents participate to some degree in overseeing their local law enforcement (LE) agencies. This report will help you understand the advantages and disadvantages of various oversight systems and components. Describes the operation of 9 different approaches to citizen oversight by: describing the types of citizen oversight; presenting programmatic info. from various jurisdictions with existing citizen oversight systems; and examines the social and monetary benefits and costs of different systems. Also addresses staffing; examines ways to resolve potential conflicts between oversight bodies and police; and explores monitoring, evaluation, and funding concerns.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 167
LA  - en
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice
SN  - 978-0-7567-2147-3
ST  - Citizen Review of Police
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=3k64MQEACAAJ
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecution of U.S. police for killings surges to highest in decade
AU  - Ian, Simpson
T2  - Reuters
AB  - The number of U.S. police officers charged in fatal shootings has hit the highest level in a decade in 2015, new research shows, driven by greater scrutiny over use of deadly force.
DA  - 2015/10/26/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Reuters
UR  - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police/prosecution-of-u-s-police-for-killings-surges-to-highest-in-decade-idUSKCN0SK17L20151026
Y2  - 2018/01/19/15:04:48
KW  - Arts / Culture / Entertainment
KW  - Civil Unrest
KW  - Conflicts / War / Peace
KW  - Crime
KW  - Crime / Law / Justice
KW  - Darren Wilson
KW  - Ezekiel Edwards
KW  - Features
KW  - Freddie Gray
KW  - Fundamental Rights / Civil Liberties
KW  - General News
KW  - Government / Politics
KW  - Grandpre
KW  - James Pasco
KW  - Judicial Process / Court Cases / Court Decisions
KW  - Loretta Lynch
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Michael Brown
KW  - Michael Slager
KW  - Murder / Suspected Murder
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Philip Stinson
KW  - Picture available
KW  - Pictures
KW  - POLICE
KW  - Race Relations / Ethnic Issues
KW  - Ray Tensing
KW  - Richard Combs
KW  - Society / Social Issues
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Stephen Rankin
KW  - Stuart Slotnick
KW  - United States
KW  - US
KW  - USA
KW  - Virginia
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Police Are Learning To Accept Civilian Oversight, But Distrust Lingers
AU  - Kaste, Martin
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - More than 200 civilian review boards investigate police misconduct in cities across the United States. Reformers say they're essential. But officers tend to be wary of them.
DA  - 2015/02/21/
PY  - 2015
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.npr.org/2015/02/21/387770044/police-are-learning-to-accept-civilian-oversight-but-distrust-lingers
Y2  - 2018/01/19/15:11:27
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - HOW CIVIL RIGHTS LAWSUITS HAVE IMPROVED AMERICAN POLICING
AU  - McCoy, Candace
T2  - in HOLDING POLICE ACCOUNTABLE 157, 165, 203–04 (Candace McCoy, ed. 2010)
AB  - When the U.S. Supreme Court decided in Monell v. Department of Social
Services (1978) that municipal agencies such as police departments could be sued when
a “custom, policy, or practice” violated the Constitution, it created a powerful device for
accountability to the law. Analyzing a database of lawsuits brought against police
departments prior to Monell and comparing them to records of lawsuits taken from the
post-Monell files of the nation’s leading expert witness on police practices, the author
concludes that great improvements evident nationwide over the past three decades -- in
police use of force, response to domestic violence, and internal discipline -- would not
have occurred but for this litigation. But litigation alone did not accomplish this
improvement. The operation of the insurance industry in conjunction with
“constitutional tort” lawsuits, not any federal administrative agency and not remedies
such as the exclusionary rule, is primarily responsible for the standardization of police
procedures under the litigation regime.
DA  - 2017/12/15/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3362&context=vlr
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ASRS - Aviation Safety Reporting System - Confidentiality
AU  - NASA
UR  - https://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/overview/confidentiality.html
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:08:17
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Minnesota Officer Acquitted in Killing of Philando Castile
AU  - Smith, Mitch
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The officer fatally shot Philando Castile, a black motorist, during a traffic stop last summer. Mr. Castile’s girlfriend live-streamed the aftermath.
DA  - 2017/06/16/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/us/police-shooting-trial-philando-castile.html
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:22:51
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Castile, Philando (1983-2016)
KW  - Falcon Heights (Minn)
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - St Paul (Minn)
KW  - Yanez, Jeronimo (1988- )
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing Accountability and Trust with Independent Investigations of Police Lethal Force
AU  - Katz, Walter
T2  - Harvard Law Review
AB  - There are few acts committed by local government that draw more controversy than a police department’s use of lethal force. Broad cross-sections of the public have lost trust in local law enforcement agencies due to their perception of biased investigations of such deadly-force incidents. This loss of trust can threaten the legitimacy of local law enforcement institutions. Systemic reforms are necessary to regain trust.
DA  - 2015/04/10/
PY  - 2015
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2015/04/enhancing-accountability-and-trust-with-independent-investigations-of-police-lethal-force/
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:25:03
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Making Just Culture a Reality: One Organization's Approach | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Page, Allison
AB  - We've all been there...something goes wrong, a patient is harmed, and we, as medical directors, managers, and administrators, are forced to judge the behavioral choices of another human being. Most of the time, we conduct this complex leadership function guided by little more than vague policies, personal beliefs, and intuition. Frequently, we are frustrated by the fact that many other providers have made the same mistake or behavioral choice, with no adverse outcome to the patient, and the behavior was overlooked. Quite understandably, the staff is frustrated by what appears to be inconsistent, irrational decision-making by leadership. The "just culture" concept teaches us to shift our attention from retrospective judgment of others, focused on the severity of the outcome, to real-time evaluation of behavioral choices in a rational and organized manner.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Agency For Healthcare Research and Quality
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/perspectives/perspective/50/making-just-culture-a-reality-one-organizations-approach
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:37:50
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Patient Safety and the "Just Culture": A Primer for Health Care Executives. | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Marx, D.
T2  - PSNet Patient Safety Network
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/1582/patient-safety-and-the-just-culture-a-primer-for-health-care-executives
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:38:15
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Improving patient safety by practicing in a just culture. | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Aorn, Duffy
T2  - PSNet Patient Safety Network
AB  - The importance of just culture is widely acknowledged throughout health care, but it remains difficult to implement and assess. This commentary discusses human factors that contribute to blame for errors and suggests roles for both frontline nurses and managers to instill elements of just culture in the practice environment.
DA  - 2017/07//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/31178/improving-patient-safety-by-practicing-in-a-just-culture
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:38:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Just Culture: A Foundation for Balanced Accountability and Patient Safety
AU  - Boysen, Philip G.
T2  - The Ochsner Journal
AB  - Background
The framework of a just culture ensures balanced accountability for both individuals and the organization responsible for designing and improving systems in the workplace. Engineering principles and human factors analysis influence the design of these systems so they are safe and reliable.

Methods
Approaches for improving patient safety introduced here are (1) analysis of error, (2) specific tools to enhance safety, and (3) outcome engineering.

Conclusion
The just culture is a learning culture that is constantly improving and oriented toward patient safety.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 400
EP  - 406
J2  - Ochsner J
SN  - 1524-5012
ST  - Just Culture
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776518/
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:41:01
L2  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776518/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Root Cause Analysis | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Agency for Healtcare Research and Qaulity
AB  - Root cause analysis (RCA) is a structured method used to analyze serious adverse events. Initially developed to analyze industrial accidents, RCA is now widely deployed as an error analysis tool in health care. A central tenet of RCA is to identify underlying problems that increase the likelihood of errors while avoiding the trap of focusing on mistakes by individuals. RCA thus uses the systems approach to identify both active errors (errors occurring at the point of interface between humans and a complex system) and latent errors (the hidden problems within health care systems that contribute to adverse events). It is one of the most widely used retrospective methods for detecting safety hazards.
DA  - 2017/06//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primers/primer/10
Y2  - 2018/01/19/16:45:39
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Value-Based Leadership and the Role of Internal Affairs
AU  - Lober, Richard E.
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 54 - 57, May 2002
AB  - This article discusses certain initiatives that law enforcement agencies should pursue to instill the critical importance of value-based leadership and the proper role of the internal affairs unit in this process. "Integrity" is defined as "always doing the right thing whether someone is watching or not." Edwin Delattre, an ethicist who has written on law enforcement, has identified two types of defenses that officers use when they engage in serious misconduct. One is the "noble cause" defense, in which officers claim their actions were not self-serving, but rather were done to ensure that a person they believed to be guilty of a crime was convicted. A second defense is the "politician's" defense. Under this defense officers may claim they didn't commit the offense, that they did it believing it was the right thing to do, that they did it but were not treated fairly by the department, that other officers have done the same thing and not been disciplined, that they did it because of a mental problem and should receive treatment rather than punishment. Internal affairs investigators and high-ranking law enforcement personnel believe there has been a decline in the character of persons entering law enforcement. Whereas most of the officers with a military background (the typical officer from 10-15 years ago) adhered to military values and would generally follow rules and regulation, many current recruits challenge authority or do not have traditional values of discipline, respect, and integrity. This article suggests ways in which police chiefs can instill values in officers, as well as how internal affairs units can impact the cultural values and the core values of the department. Police chiefs can ensure the core values are incorporated into all training, that field training officers and supervisors are carefully selected to reflect the highest values of policing, and conduct thorough performance evaluations.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 4-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9752774?accountid=26333http://www.theiacp.org
N1  - <p>Value-Based Leadership and the Role of Internal Affairs<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR195401; 195401</p>
N1  - <p>Value-Based Leadership and the Role of Internal Affairs<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR195401; 195401</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - *Police misconduct (10455)
KW  - Police internal affairs (04623)
KW  - Police internal investigations (00524)
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Police subculture (09668)
KW  - Professional conduct and ethics (05142)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An after-action review tool for EDs: learning from mass casualty incidents
AU  - Tami, Greenberg
AU  - Bruria, Adini
AU  - Fabiana, Eden
AU  - Tami, Chen
AU  - Tali, Ankri
AU  - Limor, Aharonson-Daniel
T2  - The American Journal Of Emergency Medicine
AB  - BACKGROUND: Conducting a thorough after-action review (AAR) process is an important component in improving preparedness for mass casualty incidents (MCIs). PURPOSES: The study aimed to develop a structured AAR tool for use by medical teams in emergency departments after an MCI and to identify the best possible procedure for its conduct. BASIC PROCEDURES: On the basis of knowledge acquired from an extensive literature review, a structured tool for conducting an AAR in the emergency department was developed. A modified Delphi process was conducted to achieve content validity of the tool, involving 48 medical professionals from all 6 level I trauma centers in Israel. The AAR tool was tested during a simulated MCI drill. MAIN FINDINGS: All experts support the conduct of an AAR in the ED after an MCI to build and maintain capacity for an adequate emergency response. More than 80% agreement was achieved regarding 14 components that were implemented in the proposed AAR tool. Ninety-four percent perceived that AARs should be conducted within 24 hours from the event using both written reports and face-to-face discussions. Both physicians and nurses should participate. The incident manager should lead the AAR, limiting the time allocated for each speaker and for the AAR in whole. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a structured AAR in all emergency departments after an MCI facilitates both learning lessons regarding the function of the medical staff and ventilation of feelings, thus mitigating anxieties and expediting a speedy return to normalcy.; Copyright Â© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
SN  - 1532-8171
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=23481154&site=ehost-live
AN  - 23481154. Language: English. Date Created: 20130313. Update Code: 20130315. Publication Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Journal ID: 8309942. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Am J Emerg Med. Linking ISSN: 07356757. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Mar 4. Current Imprints: Publication: 1983- : Philadelphia, PA : W B Saunders
N1  - <p>An after-action review tool for EDs: learning from mass casualty incidents<br/>23481154<br/>Original Imprints: Publication: [Philadelphia, PA. : Centrum Philadelphia, c1983]-</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Pilot program aims to address youth crime with restorative justice | Crime and Courts | host.madison.com
AU  - Treleven, Ed
T2  - Washington Post
DA  - 2015/09/02/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://host.madison.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/pilot-program-aims-to-address-youth-crime-with-restorative-justice/article_00577c75-8931-5d60-914e-aa86f8096eb1.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:32:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Group decision making: the potential for groupthink
AU  - Lunenburg, Fred C.
T2  - Int. J. of Management, Business and Administration
AB  - http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C.%20Group%20Decision%20Making%20IJMBA%20V13%20N1%202010.pdf One dysfunction of highly cohesive groups that has received considerable attention is a phenomenon known as groupthink. Essentially, groupthink is the tendency of cohesive groups to reach consensus on issues without offering, seekin g, or considering alternative viewpoints. As a result, groupthink has been blamed for decision making fiascoes in politics , the military, as well as in business. In this article, I discuss some famous examples of political and military fiascoes associated with groupthink, some symptoms of groupthink, and ways to avoid groupthink when making group decision s . ___________________________
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
N1  - <p>Group decision making: the potential for groupthink</p>
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Money for Nothing
AU  - Lehrer, Bryan
AB  - Each year New York City pays tens of millions of dollars to settle civil claims against the NYPD--but do those payouts change police practices? WNYC reporter Bob Hennelly talks about his investigation. Eugene O'Donnell, professor of law and police science at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and personal injury attorney Sanford Rubenstein share their experiences. And the commanding officer of the Los Angeles Police Department's risk management group, Stuart Maislin, discusses how that city makes connections between civil claims and police behavior.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0fWMg17TKFY
DA  - 2007/07/14/
PY  - 2007
DP  - www.wnyc.org
UR  - http://www.wnyc.org/story/26550-money-for-nothing/?utm_source=sharedUrl&utm_medium=metatag&utm_campaign=sharedUrl
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:49:02
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Bring Back the Autopsy
AU  - Jauhar, Sandeep
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - To identify diagnostic errors, we need more post-mortem exams.
DA  - 2016/03/03/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/03/opinion/bring-back-the-autopsy.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:45:21
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/03/opinion/bring-back-the-autopsy.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=72B036603561F6A4FA5FB96313B80248&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/03/opinion/bring-back-the-autopsy.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=72B036603561F6A4FA5FB96313B80248&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Autopsies
KW  - Death and Dying
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Health Insurance and Managed Care
KW  - Hospitals
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Stress may make you more likely to cheat
AU  - Anonymous
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/oEbdT4TJm5U
DA  - 2017/06/05/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2015/08/14/deep-breath-stress-may-make-you-more-likely-cheat/lDk9RwqgRNjT8jByqMqrCP/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/17:34:05
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - City invests $400K to prevent Rikers Island suicides - NY Daily News
AU  - Tracy, Thomas
T2  - New York Daily News
AB  - The three-year study will be funded by a federal grant from the National Institute of Justice and conducted by the Department of Correction, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Vera Institute of Justice
DA  - 2014/10/28/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/city-invests-400k-prevent-rikers-island-suicides-article-1.1990213
Y2  - 2016/08/23/13:53:41
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Chicago’s Top Prosecutor Minces No Words on His Way Out
AU  - Pérez-peña, Richard
AU  - Smith, Mitch
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Zachary Fardon, the United States attorney for Northern Illinois, made a fiery plea for law enforcement changes to address rising violence in Chicago.
DA  - 2017/03/14/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/19:14:46
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/chicagos-top-prosecutor-minces-no-words-on-his-way-out.html?ribbon-ad-idx=4&rref=us&module=Ribbon&version=context%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=U.S.&pgtype=article
KW  - Chicago (Ill)
KW  - Fardon, Zachary T
KW  - Police Department (Chicago, Ill)
KW  - United States Attorneys
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime,’ by Elizabeth Hinton
AU  - Perry, Imani
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - How decades of discriminatory policies and flawed studies led to an age of mass imprisonment.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JI33WldqSFs
DA  - 2016/05/27/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/books/review/from-the-war-on-poverty-to-the-war-on-crime-by-elizabeth-hinton.html
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/books/review/from-the-war-on-poverty-to-the-war-on-crime-by-elizabeth-hinton.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=911D5113D998A051A470D8711F479FAD&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/books/review/from-the-war-on-poverty-to-the-war-on-crime-by-elizabeth-hinton.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=911D5113D998A051A470D8711F479FAD&gwt=pay
KW  - Books and Literature
KW  - From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime (Book)
KW  - From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America (Book)
KW  - Hinton, Elizabeth
KW  - Hinton, Elizabeth K (1983- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Dustbin of history collects plenty of previous reports on racism
AU  - Green, Larry
T2  - Injustice Watch
AB  - Chicago police accountability task force makes many significant findings about racism and its pernicious impact of criminal justice.  But the pattern of crises leading to reports that end covered in dust seems never ending.
DA  - 2016/04/18/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/dustbin-of-history-collects-plenty-of-previous-reports-on-racism/
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:35:20
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/dustbin-of-history-collects-plenty-of-previous-reports-on-racism/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/dustbin-of-history-collects-plenty-of-previous-reports-on-racism/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Scrutiny on Prosecutors After Questions About Brooklyn Detective’s Work
AU  - Robles, Francis
AB  - Jon Shane: This one has been floating around for a while and is receiving some recent attention. The story indicates the "mistakes were largely pinned on Mr. Scaracella..." (the lead NYPD detective). This is the classic blame-the-individual response. Likely no one doubts the detective's responsibility, but, using Reason's model, issues surrounding supervision, policy and preconditions for unsafe acts (such as allowing informants to cavort with prostitutes; failing to take and preserve notes) abound. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/nyregion/scrutiny-on-prosecutors-after-questions-about-brooklyn-detectives-work.html?ref=nyregion&_r=1&
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Scrutiny on Prosecutors After Questions About Brooklyn Detective’s Work</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A Chicago cop is accused of framing 51 people for murder. Now, the fight for justice.
AU  - Segura, Melissa
T2  - BuzzFeed
AB  - Chicago Police Detective Reynaldo Guevara is accused of framing at least 51 people for murder. When a group of mothers, aunts and sisters found that no officials — not the state's attorney's office...
DA  - 2017/04/04/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses
Y2  - 2017/04/10/15:33:19
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
L2  - https://www.buzzfeed.com/melissasegura/detective-guevaras-witnesses?utm_term=.yv9pMVjVj#.hw6O2N7N7
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advising
AU  - Archbold, Carol A.
AB  - This national study examined the use of police legal advisors and risk managers by U.S. law enforcement agencies as a means to reduce officer exposure to liability risks. Telephone interviews with 354 law enforcement agencies found that half were using police legal advisors, risk managers, or some combination of both to manage police liability issues. The other half of the agencies relied only on city/county attorneys to handle liability issues. Data showed that the adoption of police legal advisors and risk managers occurred slowly but steadily from the early 1960s through 2000. Several agencies (14 out of 53) reported that an increase in lawsuits and resulting payouts prompted the implementation of liability-related programs. The most common change since the initiation of risk management and/or police legal advisors has been the addition of more personnel to the program. Findings on the characteristics of the programs pertain to their location in the organization, the education and experience of risk managers and police legal advisors, collaboration between risk managers/police legal advisors and other agencies, and their relationship with police oversight boards. Other findings address the role of risk managers and police legal advisors and their perceived impact on agency costs related to police liability. Regarding the latter finding, only 38 percent of the agencies with police advisers and/or risk managers reported that they kept official data on the financial impact of such personnel on the organization's financial payouts. These findings were derived from telephone interviews with agency representatives, a national survey of agencies that reported the use of police legal advisors and/or risk managers in the initial telephone interviews, and case studies of four agencies that used various combinations of risk management and police legal advisers. 3 tables, 112 references, a subject index, and appended study instruments
CY  - United States
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 188-188
SN  - 1-59332-038-8
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9738831?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2006-07-21 Availability - LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2472 Broadway, Suite 251, New York, NY 10025 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR235744; 235744; 1593320388</p>
N1  - <p>Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2006-07-21 Availability - LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, 2472 Broadway, Suite 251, New York, NY 10025 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR235744; 235744; 1593320388</p>
KW  - Accountability (04646)
KW  - Civil liability (04434)
KW  - Civil litigation (11223)
KW  - Civil remedies for police (08116)
KW  - Legal liability (04917)
KW  - Organization studies (04179)
KW  - Police civilian employees (04716)
KW  - Police internal organizations (04570)
KW  - Risk management (09228)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making Patient Safety the Centerpiece of Medical Liability Reform
AU  - Clinton, Hillary Rodham
AU  - Obama, Barack
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
AB  - We have visited doctors and hospitals throughout the country and heard firsthand from those who face ever-escalating insurance costs. Indeed, in some specialties, high premiums are forcing physicians to give up performing certain high-risk procedures, leaving patients without access to a full range of medical services. But we have also talked with families who have experienced errors in their care, and it has become clear to us that if we are to find a fair and equitable solution to this complex problem, all parties — physicians, hospitals, insurers, and patients — must work together. Instead of focusing on the few . . .
DA  - 2006/05/25/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1056/NEJMp068100
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 354
IS  - 21
SP  - 2205
EP  - 2208
SN  - 0028-4793
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp068100
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:31:05
L2  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp068100#t=article
L2  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp068100#t=article
L4  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp068100
L4  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp068100
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate
AU  - Allen, Joseph A.
AU  - Baran, Benjamin E.
AU  - Scott, Cliff W.
T2  - Accident Analysis & Prevention
AB  - Abstract: This study investigated the role of after-action reviews on perceptions of safety climate at the group and organizational levels. Moderated and mediated regression analyses of data from 67 firefighting crews suggest that after-action review frequency positively influenced both levels of safety climate. Safety-oriented group norms fully mediated the relationship between after-action review frequency and group-level safety climate. Fire-station busyness moderated the relationship between after-action review frequency and organizational-level safety climate, such that the relationship was non-existent for highly busy stations. These findings suggest that after-action reviews constitute a specific venue through which managers can promote safety climate in high-risk environments.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
SP  - 750
EP  - 757
SN  - 00014575
UR  - 10.1016/j.aap.2009.11.004http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48140805&site=ehost-live
AN  - 48140805
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After-action reviews: A venue for the promotion of safety climate<br/>Allen, Joseph A.; Email Address: jalle114@uncc.edu Baran, Benjamin E. 1; Email Address: bebaran@uncc.edu Scott, Cliff W. 1; Email Address: cwscott@uncc.edu; Affiliation: 1: Organizational Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p750; Subject Term: TRAFFIC safety; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FIRE fighters; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
KW  - FIRE fighters
KW  - Homicide Reviews
KW  - Incident reviews
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL change
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Los Angeles, Focusing on Violence Before It Occurs
AU  - Goode, Erica
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Mental health professionals, law enforcement agencies and schools collaborate in one of the nation’s most intensive efforts to identify potential perpetrators of violent crimes.
DA  - 2013/03/14/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:54:24
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=019C20FC8F2D738B8D9291C80F816682&gwt=pay
KW  - Los Angeles (Calif)
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - School Shootings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Local Perspective on Major Event Police Planning in a Post-September 11 Environment: Super Bowl XLI, Miami, Florida
AU  - Parker, Robert
AU  - Fischer, Russell
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 74, no. 9, pp. 38 - 41, September 2007
AB  - This article describes the planning and execution of security for Super Bowl XLI in Miami, FL. The Miami-Dade Police Department (MDPD) was designated the lead law enforcement agency in managing security for the event. The MDPD formed 40 committees, and each committee reported monthly on its progress and activities. Committees were divided into six functional areas of responsibility: tactical, support, event, command post, crime suppression, and special operations. This article describes the basic duties of the committees in each of the six functional areas. Committee activities included an operational plan and an anticipated budget. Modifications to the plan and budget could be and were made up to the day of the game. Consolidation of the various plans with attendant after-action reports and budget summaries became the MDPD's overall plan for the event. More than 25 local agencies provided some type of law enforcement support for the variety of pregame events, which included banquets, galas, fashion shows, VIP tours, and concerts. A formal production meeting was held in December, just over a month before the game. It was attended by local law enforcement representatives; National Football League management; managers of Dolphin Stadium; and a multitude of Super Bowl contractors, vendors, and event planners. This meeting began with a discussion and review of issues and plans. The meeting concluded with a discussion of hour-by-hour game-day activities by all stakeholders. A tabletop exercise 1 week before the game considered various potential security scenarios that tested the knowledge, flexibility, and preparedness of key decisionmakers. The security effort proved to be effective without being unduly intrusive.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 4-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9814982?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Local Perspective on Major Event Police Planning in a Post-September 11 Environment: Super Bowl XLI, Miami, Florida<br/>Date revised - 2008-01-15 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR242474; 242474</p>
KW  - Florida (12000)
KW  - Security management (08583)
KW  - Security systems (04501)
KW  - Special events policing (09815)
KW  - Stadium security (10468)
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Risk management in law enforcement: A model assessment tool
AU  - Hutto, John
AB  - The purpose of this research is threefold. The first purpose is to establish a practical ideal model to assess risk management practices in law enforcement agencies. Second, using case study, current risk management practices at the Austin Police Department will be assessed. The third purpose is to provide recommendations for improving the risk management practices at the Austin Police Department. A review of the literature has identified four key components of effective risk management programs. These components are program development, risk assessment, solution analysis, and program administration.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - Texas State University
N1  - <p>Risk management in law enforcement: A model assessment tool</p>
N1  - <p>Risk management in law enforcement: A model assessment tool</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Protecting the Innocent as the Primary Value of the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Bandes, Susan A.
T2  - Ohio St. J. Crim. L.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 7
SP  - 413
EP  - 849
N1  - <p>Protecting the Innocent as the Primary Value of the Criminal Justice System</p>
N1  - <p>Protecting the Innocent as the Primary Value of the Criminal Justice System</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organization at the Limit: Lessons from the Columbia Disaster
AU  - Banerjee, Preeta
AU  - Mahoney, Joseph
AB  - We review William Starbuck and Moshe Farjoun’s Organization at the Limit: Lessons from
the Columbia Disaster, a book that provides a unique look at a rare empirical phenomenon:
the total failure of a high−risk, high−reward organization. The National Aeronautics Space
Administration (NASA) is a large, elaborate, and mature organization, which operates risky
and complex technologies in an environment that emits ambiguous signals. In particular,
NASA’s space shuttle, Columbia, disintegrated during re−entry, after completing its 16−day
scientific research mission. All seven astronauts on board the Space Shuttle were killed. The
Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB, 2003) stated that this disaster was a product
of NASA’s history, cultural traits, and long−term organizational practices. The multiple
contributing factors give rise to eighteen chapters of various observers, interpretations, and
evaluation criteria.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/MRgdlP-Eprc
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://business.illinois.edu/working_papers/papers/07-0101.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:46:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Balancing "no blame" with accountability in patient safety
AU  - Wachter, Robert M.
AU  - Pronovost, Peter J.
T2  - The New England Journal of Medicine
DA  - 2009/10/01/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1056/NEJMsb0903885
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 361
IS  - 14
SP  - 1401
EP  - 1406
J2  - N. Engl. J. Med.
LA  - eng
SN  - 1533-4406
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797289
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797289
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Hand Disinfection
KW  - Safety
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Moral of the Kulluk - The New York Times
AU  - Nocera, Joe
T2  - New York Times
DA  - 2015/01/05/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/opinion/joe-nocera-the-moral-of-the-kulluk.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=c-column-top-span-region®ion=c-column-top-span-region&WT.nav=c-column-top-span-region
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:40:51
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - New Harvard Law School program aims for ‘systemic justice’ - The Boston Globe
AU  - Humpries, Courtney
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Inside an initiative to teach future lawyers to tackle society’s big problems.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2015/02/06/new-harvard-law-school-program-aims-for-systemic-justice/PeGBqIenWhqqCuJ37Y20kJ/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - OVERCOMING DAUBERT'S SHORTCOMINGS IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: MAKING THE ERROR RATE THE PRIMARY FACTOR IN DAUBERT'S VALIDITY INQUIRY
AU  - Jabbar, Munia
T2  - New York University Law Review
AB  - Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its progeny provide the federal standard for the admissibility of all expert evidence, including forensic evidence, that is proffered in criminal trials. The standard measures the validity of expert evidence through a flexible four-factor inquiry. Unfortunately, in the criminal context, Daubert fails to promote the goals of trial outcome accuracy and consistency, resulting in tragically unfair outcomes for criminal defendants. This Note proposes a doctrinal tweak that shifts the costs of admitting forensic evidence to the prosecution and promotes criminal justice goals. First, there should be a high presumption against the admission of forensic evidence that must be rebutted with a clear and convincing showing of its validity. Second, the Daubert validity inquiry needs to be reformulated so that the forensic methodology's "error rate" factor is the primary (and if possible, only) factor the court considers. Third, the error rate should be defined as the lab-specific error rate. The Note ends by considering further possible ways to specify the definition of "error rate" to better promote criminal justice goals.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 85
IS  - 6
SP  - 2034
EP  - 2064
SN  - 00287881
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=57956372&site=ehost-live
AN  - 57956372
N1  - <p>OVERCOMING DAUBERT'S SHORTCOMINGS IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: MAKING THE ERROR RATE THE PRIMARY FACTOR IN DAUBERT'S VALIDITY INQUIRY<br/>Jabbar, Munia; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 85 Issue 6, p2034; Subject Term: ADMISSIBLE evidence; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice policy; Subject Term: FORENSIC accounting; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: MERRELL Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. -- Trials, litigation, etc.; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>OVERCOMING DAUBERT'S SHORTCOMINGS IN CRIMINAL TRIALS: MAKING THE ERROR RATE THE PRIMARY FACTOR IN DAUBERT'S VALIDITY INQUIRY<br/>Jabbar, Munia; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 85 Issue 6, p2034; Subject Term: ADMISSIBLE evidence; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice policy; Subject Term: FORENSIC accounting; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: MERRELL Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. -- Trials, litigation, etc.; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ADMISSIBLE evidence
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - FORENSIC accounting
KW  - MERRELL Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. -- Trials, litigation, etc.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can We Reduce the Amount of Wrongfully Convicted People Without Acquitting Too Many Guilty?: Toward a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice: How the Innocence Movement Merges Crime Control and Due Process
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
T2  - Tex. Tech L. Rev.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 41
SP  - 133
EP  - 1275
N1  - <p>Can We Reduce the Amount of Wrongfully Convicted People Without Acquitting Too Many Guilty?: Toward a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice: How the Innocence Movement Merges Crime Control and Due Process</p>
N1  - <p>Can We Reduce the Amount of Wrongfully Convicted People Without Acquitting Too Many Guilty?: Toward a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice: How the Innocence Movement Merges Crime Control and Due Process</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Understanding police management: a typology of the underside of Compstat
AU  - Eterno, John A.
AU  - Silverman, Eli B.
T2  - Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal
AB  - https://kucampus.kaplan.edu/documentstore/Docs10/pdf/CJ/PICJ/PICJ_V5N2_3_Eterno_11_28.pdf Understanding Police Mana gement: A Typology of the Underside of Compstat John A. Eterno and Eli B. Silverman As Compstat becomes embedded as a police management tool accepted world- wide, it has been held to scrutiny by social scientists, reporters, and policy- makers. Some have favorable accounts, others not so favorable. In this study, we add to this literature significantly by documenting a typology of the lesser understood underside of Compstat. By using an anonymous survey of 491 retired commanders in New York City, we identify four (4) main themes that resonate throughout the responses: t op-down management; hierarchical pres- sure; commander morale, abuse, and embarrassment; and organizational in- efficiency. We then subject the qualitative findings to quantitative analysis and confirm all but organizational inefficiency as typical of the Compstat process as practiced in New York City.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 11
EP  - 28
N1  - <p>This article describes a qualitative and quantitative mixed methods study that couples the results of a survey administered to retired NYPD commanders (i.e., captains and above) with interviews with fifteen recent NYPD retirees. The research also involved analyzing unsolicited responses related to CompStat. Through these data, the authors develop four themes that they suggest are indicative of NYPD commanders’ experiences with CompStat.</p>
N1  - <p>Understanding police management: a typology of the underside of Compstat</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Losing My Leg to a Medical Error
AU  - Southwick, Frederick S.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - I lost my leg because of a preventable mistake.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0D9S3CnvzNk
DA  - 2013/02/19/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/16:54:50
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/losing-my-leg-to-a-medical-error.html?hp&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=95E2D93592CF855A3D223CD283A46975&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Losing My Leg to a Medical Error</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Losing My Leg to a Medical Error</p>
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Health Insurance and Managed Care
KW  - Amputation
KW  - Deaths (Fatalities)
KW  - Medicine and Health
KW  - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Regulating Death after Police Contact
AU  - Baker, David
T2  - Deaths After Police Contact
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
SP  - 53
EP  - 78
PB  - Springer
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Red Cross Responds To NPR/ProPublica Report On Storm Response Inefficiencies
AU  - Cypress, Alicia
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - An NPR investigation revealed how the emergency organization funneled its resources away from storm victims to create an "illusion of mass care." The Red Cross tells PBS NewsHour that's not true.
DA  - 2014/10/30/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/10/30/360193714/red-cross-responds-to-npr-propublica-report-on-storm-response-inefficiencies
Y2  - 2017/06/26/14:42:06
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - NearMissBias.pdf
AU  - Tinsley, Catherine H.
AU  - Dillion-Merrill, Robin
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1GmIwHT3kqA
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDA5Mjg2ODkxMzI0Nzg0MDQ0MDEBSXlzVWlXcTdfVWdKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:52:59
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Police shooting probes must be as independent as plane crash investigations, says Michael Bell
AU  - Schneider, Pat
T2  - madison.com
AB  - The retired Air Force pilot has worked for reform of investigations of police killings in the decade since his son was killed by an officer.
DA  - 2014/12/25/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://host.madison.com/news/local/writers/pat_schneider/police-shooting-probes-must-be-as-independent-as-plane-crash/article_a060a67b-d0c8-5798-9eb5-68fac6e5aab9.html
Y2  - 2017/03/13/17:07:39
L2  - http://host.madison.com/ct/news/local/writers/pat_schneider/police-shooting-probes-must-be-as-independent-as-plane-crash/article_a060a67b-d0c8-5798-9eb5-68fac6e5aab9.html
L2  - http://host.madison.com/ct/news/local/writers/pat_schneider/police-shooting-probes-must-be-as-independent-as-plane-crash/article_a060a67b-d0c8-5798-9eb5-68fac6e5aab9.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Los Angeles Police Department Meltdown: The Fall of the Professional-reform Model of Policing
AU  - Lasley, James
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 14
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 1-4398-9917-7
N1  - <p>Los Angeles Police Department Meltdown: The Fall of the Professional-reform Model of Policing</p>
N1  - <p>Los Angeles Police Department Meltdown: The Fall of the Professional-reform Model of Policing</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Loyalty to One’s Convictions: The Prosecutor and Tunnel Vision
AU  - Susan, Bandes
T2  - HOW L J
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 49
N1  - <p>Loyalty to One’s Convictions: The Prosecutor and Tunnel Vision</p>
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Assessing The $100 Million Upheaval Of Newark's Public Schools
A2  - Gross, Terry
T3  - Fresh Air
AB  - In 2010, Mayor Cory Booker, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg devised a plan to improve Newark's failing schools. Dale Russakoff recounts their efforts in The Prize.
DA  - 2015/09/21/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2015/09/21/442183080/assessing-the-100-million-upheaval-of-newarks-public-schools
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:45:30
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2015/09/21/442183080/assessing-the-100-million-upheaval-of-newarks-public-schools
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2015/09/21/442183080/assessing-the-100-million-upheaval-of-newarks-public-schools
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Lost Police File Helps Exonerate Man of Murder After 24 Years in Prison - The New York Times
AU  - Mele, Christopher
T2  - New York Times
DA  - 2017/05/25/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/us/shaurn-thomas-released-prison.html?_r=2
Y2  - 2017/06/01/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making sense of root cause analysis investigations of surgery-related adverse events
AU  - Cassin, Bryce R.
AU  - Barach, Paul R.
T2  - The Surgical Clinics Of North America
AB  - This article discusses the limitations of root cause analysis (RCA) for surgical adverse events. Making sense of adverse events involves an appreciation of the unique features in a problematic situation, which resist generalization to other contexts. The top priority of adverse event investigations must be to inform the design of systems that help clinicians to adapt and respond effectively in real time to undesirable combinations of design, performance, and circumstance. RCAs can create opportunities in the clinical workplace for clinicians to reflect on local barriers and identify enablers of safe and reliable outcomes.; Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1016/j.suc.2011.12.008
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
SP  - 101
EP  - 115
SN  - 1558-3171
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=22269264&site=ehost-live
AN  - 22269264
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20120201. Current Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders; Original Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia.</p>
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20120201. Current Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders; Original Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia.</p>
KW  - Patient Safety*
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Surgical Procedures, Operative/*adverse effects
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Secret Snitches: California case uncovers long-standing practice of planting jailhouse informants
AU  - Laird, Lorelei
T2  - ABA Journal
AB  - Nonetheless, Dekraai's attorney contends, prosecutors decided they wanted some insurance—so they planted an informant in the cell next to him at the Orange County Jail. "Inmate F" struck up a
DA  - 2016/05/01/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Secret Snitches
UR  - http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/secret_snitches_california_case_uncovers_long_standing_practice_of_planting/
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:19:14
L2  - http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/secret_snitches_california_case_uncovers_long_standing_practice_of_planting/?utm_source=maestro&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=weekly_email
L2  - http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/secret_snitches_california_case_uncovers_long_standing_practice_of_planting/?utm_source=maestro&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=weekly_email
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Use of Force Investigations: A Manual for Law Enforcement
AU  - Davis, Kevin
AB  - A comprehensive manual on the legal and practical aspects of police use of force investigations designed for street officers, front-line supervisors, investigators, attorneys, police unions and agency administrators. Suitable for basic academy and inservice training this manual contains information on constitutional parameters, teaching use of force, agency policy, street application, reporting and investigating incidents of the use of deadly or nondeadly force by police officers in the United States.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/22201014-use-of-force-investigations-a-manual-for-law-enforcement
Y2  - 2017/06/21/19:05:17
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wisconsin Takes the Lead in Improving the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Findley, Kenneth
T2  - Criminal Law News
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
N1  - <p>Wisconsin Takes the Lead in Improving the Criminal Justice System</p>
N1  - <p>Wisconsin Takes the Lead in Improving the Criminal Justice System</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Qualitatively estimating the incidence of wrongful convictions
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Analysis of unintended events in hospitals: inter-rater reliability of constructing causal trees and classifying root causes
AU  - Smits, Marleen
AU  - Janssen, Jasper
AU  - de Vet, Riekie
AU  - Zwaan, Laura
AU  - Timmermans, Danielle
AU  - Groenewegen, Peter
AU  - Wagner, Cordula
T2  - International Journal For Quality In Health Care: Journal Of The International Society For Quality In Health Care / Isqua
AB  - Background: Root cause analysis is a method to examine causes of unintended events. PRISMA (Prevention and Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis: is a root cause analysis tool. With PRISMA, events are described in causal trees and root causes are subsequently classified with the Eindhoven Classification Model (ECM). It is important that root cause analysis tools are reliable, because they form the basis for patient safety interventions.; Objectives: Determining the inter-rater reliability of descriptions, number and classifications of root causes.; Design: Totally, 300 unintended event reports were sampled from a database of 2028 events in 30 hospital units. The reports were previously analysed using PRISMA by experienced analysts and were re-analysed to compare descriptions and number of root causes (n = 150) and to determine the inter-rater reliability of classifications (n = 150).; Main Outcome Measures: Percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa (kappa).; Results: Agreement between descriptions of root causes was satisfactory: 54% agreement, 17% partial agreement and 29% no agreement. Inter-rater reliability of number of root causes was moderate (kappa = 0.46). Inter-rater reliability of classifying root causes with the ECM was substantial from highest category level (kappa = 0.71) to lowest subcategory level (kappa = 0.63). Most discrepancies occurred in classifying external causes.; Conclusions: Results indicate that causal tree analysis with PRISMA is reliable. Analysts formulated similar root causes and agreed considerably on classifications, but showed variation in number of root causes. More training on disclosure of all relevant root causes is recommended as well as adjustment of the model by combining all external causes into one category.;
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1093/intqhc/mzp023
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 292
EP  - 300
SN  - 1464-3677
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=19542181&site=ehost-live
AN  - 19542181
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 Jun 19. Current Imprints: Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press; Original Imprints: Publication: Kidlington, Oxford, UK ; Tarrytown, NY : Pergamon, c1994-</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 2009 Jun 19. Current Imprints: Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press; Original Imprints: Publication: Kidlington, Oxford, UK ; Tarrytown, NY : Pergamon, c1994-</p>
KW  - Causality
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Hospital Administration*
KW  - Medical Errors/*methods
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Quality Assurance, Health Care/*methods
KW  - Quality Indicators, Health Care*
KW  - Safety Management/*methods
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Best Practice: How the New Quality Movement is Transforming Medicine
AU  - Kenney, Charles C.
AB  - In the late 1990s, treatment-related deaths or “complications” were the fifth leading cause of death for Americans. Spurred by the crisis, a group of dedicated physicians like Paul Batalden and Don Berwick made it their goal to study the concepts of “quality improvement” used at Toyota and NASA, and to apply them to the practice of medicine. This book tells their story, and how these “heretical” ideas have blossomed into a movement, bringing the focus back to where it should have always been: the patient.
DA  - 2010/03/09/
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 334
LA  - en
PB  - PublicAffairs
SN  - 978-1-58648-797-3
ST  - The Best Practice
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=cc3SDQAAQBAJ
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=cc3SDQAAQBAJ
KW  - Business & Economics / Total Quality Management
KW  - Medical / Health Care Delivery
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A Father’s Fight to Stop the Cycle of Violence
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - After his daughter was murdered, Taylonn Murphy channelled his grief into stopping a feud in public-housing projects in Harlem.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/nUCHvMvaxzc
DA  - 2015/10/05/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/05/a-daughters-death
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:37:59
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/05/a-daughters-death?mbid=nl_092915_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8110753&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=763128287&spReportId=NzYzMTI4Mjg3S0
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/05/a-daughters-death?mbid=nl_092915_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8110753&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=763128287&spReportId=NzYzMTI4Mjg3S0
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rikers Inmate Found Dead Despite Suicide-Watch Alert
AU  - Schwirtz, Michael
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - According to jail policy, Fabian Cruz, 35, should have been on round-the-clock observation, called for by a mental-health clinician 24 hours earlier.
DA  - 2015/01/02/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/nyregion/rikers-inmate-found-dead-after-threatening-to-harm-himself.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:43:50
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Correction Department (NYC)
KW  - Cruz, Fabian (1979-2015)
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Rikers Island Prison Complex
KW  - Suicides and Suicide Attempts
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - First Follower: Leadership Lessons from Dancing Guy
AU  - Derek Sivers
AB  - Official transcript at http://sivers.org/ff
---
If you've learned a lot about leadership and making a movement, then let's watch a movement happen, start to finish, in under 3 minutes, and dissect some lessons:

A leader needs the guts to stand alone and look ridiculous. But what he's doing is so simple, it's almost instructional. This is key. You must be easy to follow!

Now comes the first follower with a crucial role: he publicly shows everyone how to follow. Notice the leader embraces him as an equal, so it's not about the leader anymore - it's about them, plural. Notice he's calling to his friends to join in. It takes guts to be a first follower! You stand out and brave ridicule, yourself. Being a first follower is an under-appreciated form of leadership. The first follower transforms a lone nut into a leader. If the leader is the flint, the first follower is the spark that makes the fire.

The 2nd follower is a turning point: it's proof the first has done well. Now it's not a lone nut, and it's not two nuts. Three is a crowd and a crowd is news.

A movement must be public. Make sure outsiders see more than just the leader. Everyone needs to see the followers, because new followers emulate followers - not the leader.

Now here come 2 more, then 3 more. Now we've got momentum. This is the tipping point! Now we've got a movement!

As more people jump in, it's no longer risky. If they were on the fence before, there's no reason not to join now. They won't be ridiculed, they won't stand out, and they will be part of the in-crowd, if they hurry. Over the next minute you'll see the rest who prefer to be part of the crowd, because eventually they'd be ridiculed for not joining.

And ladies and gentlemen that is how a movement is made! Let's recap what we learned:

If you are a version of the shirtless dancing guy, all alone, remember the importance of nurturing your first few followers as equals, making everything clearly about the movement, not you.

Be public. Be easy to follow!

But the biggest lesson here - did you catch it?

Leadership is over-glorified.

Yes it started with the shirtless guy, and he'll get all the credit, but you saw what really happened:

It was the first follower that transformed a lone nut into a leader.

There is no movement without the first follower.

We're told we all need to be leaders, but that would be really ineffective.

The best way to make a movement, if you really care, is to courageously follow and show others how to follow.

When you find a lone nut doing something great, have the guts to be the first person to stand up and join in.

---
Original video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GA8z7f...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5yCbSsG8d3w
DA  - 2010/02/11/
PY  - 2010
DP  - YouTube
ST  - First Follower
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW8amMCVAJQ
Y2  - 2017/06/27/17:02:16
KW  - dancing
KW  - derek
KW  - first
KW  - follower
KW  - guy
KW  - leader
KW  - leadership
KW  - sivers
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - 2015 National Crime Victims' Service Awards Ceremony
AU  - Office for Victims of Crime
AB  - Watch the video of the 2015 National Crime Victims’ Service Awards Ceremony, during which the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) recognized individuals and organizations that demonstrate outstanding service in supporting crime victims and victim services. The Ceremony was held on April 21, 2015, at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Speakers during the event included Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Assistant Attorney General Karol V. Mason, and OVC Director Joye E. Frost.

Each year, the Office for Victims of Crime leads the nation in an annual commemoration of victim rights and services. This year, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week was recognized April 19–25, 2015. For more information on National Crime Victims’ Rights Week and the Service Awards, visit the OVC Gallery at http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/gallery/.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DP  - YouTube
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNHoeB_jJ-o
KW  - crime victims rights
KW  - crime victims' rights
KW  - national center for victims of crime
KW  - National Crime Victims Service Awards
KW  - National Crime Victims' Service Awards
KW  - National Crime Victims' Service Awards Ceremony
KW  - Office For Victims Of Crime
KW  - Office Of Justice Programs
KW  - United States Department Of Justice (Government Agency)
KW  - victim assistance programs
KW  - victims assistance programs
KW  - victims of crime
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reporting and preventing medical mishaps: lessons from non-medical near miss reporting systems
AU  - Barach, Paul
AU  - Small, Stephen D
T2  - BMJ : British Medical Journal
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/4U8Q_osftpg
DA  - 2000/03/18/
PY  - 2000
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 320
IS  - 7237
SP  - 759
EP  - 763
J2  - BMJ
SN  - 0959-8138
ST  - Reporting and preventing medical mishaps
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117768/
L1  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117768/pdf/759.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1117768/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Hidden Toll of Stress on America’s Cops
AU  - Gest, Ted
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Police in the U.S. "encounter tragedy and chaos on a routine basis," says one expert, as a Washington DC -area meeting calls for more attention to cops' emotional health on the job.
DA  - 2017/02/24/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/24/the-hidden-toll-of-stress-on-americas-cops/
Y2  - 2017/03/13/17:02:58
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/24/the-hidden-toll-of-stress-on-americas-cops/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/24/the-hidden-toll-of-stress-on-americas-cops/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Evidence of Things Not Seen: Non-Matches as Evidence of Innocence
AU  - Liebman, James S
AU  - Blackburn, Shawn
AU  - Mattern, David
AU  - Waisnor, Jonathan
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Action Errors, Error Management, and Learning in Organizations | Annual Review of Psychology
AU  - Frese, Michael
AU  - Keith, Nina
T2  - Annual Review of Psychology
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 66
UR  - http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015205
Y2  - 2017/06/19/19:04:43
L2  - http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING CRIMINAL INJUSTICE: A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE
AU  - Cyrus R. Vance, Jr.
T2  - Albany Law Review
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 73
N1  - <p>WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING CRIMINAL INJUSTICE: A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE</p>
N1  - <p>WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING CRIMINAL INJUSTICE: A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Supreme Court Assumes Errant Prosecutors Will Be Disciplined by Their Offices or the Bar: Three Case Studies That Prove That Assumption Wrong
AU  - Rudin, Joel B.
T2  - Fordham Law Review
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 80
SP  - 537
J2  - Fordham L. Rev.
ST  - The Supreme Court Assumes Errant Prosecutors Will Be Disciplined by Their Offices or the Bar
UR  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/flr80&id=541&div=&collection=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/flr80&div=20&id=&page=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/flr80&div=20&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Measuring Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
PB  - Springer
SN  - 1-4614-5689-4
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Development of a Learning Culture in a Youth Detention Centre and Its Effects on Staff and Clients
AU  - Duggan, Frank
AU  - Campbell, Satch
AB  - This paper examines the process of successful change within a youth detention facility in Canberra, Australia through the development and implementation of a vital learning culture. This papered examined the Quamby Youth Detention Center located in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory to outline the effects of change management on both staff and clients. Quamby is a 32-bed residential facility for young males and females between the ages of 10 and 18 years. Within the facility a negative culture and philosophy had developed which was impacting poorly on both the youth and the staff. Management became focused on changing the environment and identifying the change management tool needed to effect change. The process for successful change within the facility was tracked using several explanations. Successful change was seen and demonstrated as the establishment of a vibrant learning culture. It was demonstrated how a vision can be grounded and the steps taken to strategically implement that vision. The creative use of effective education and training in tandem with cooperation throughout the facility led by an inclusive management approach established a vibrant learning culture. The learning culture in turn was used to include the clients in the decisionmaking process that built up the social capital within the facility. An empowerment process was encouraged for both staff and clients. The results of an established vibrant learning culture indicated that for both staff and clients, a more healthy organization developed.
CY  - Australia
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 11
EP  - 11
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9735062?accountid=26333http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/2003-juvenile/campbell.pdf
N1  - <p>Development of a Learning Culture in a Youth Detention Centre and Its Effects on Staff and Clients<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - Australian Institute of Criminology, GPO Box 2944 Canberra ACT, 2601 SuppNotes - Downloaded on March 25, 2004. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR204829; 204829</p>
KW  - Australia (90310)
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Juvenile detention reform (09374)
KW  - Organization development (05432)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE DUTY TO AVOID WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN THE REGULATION OF PROSECUTORS
AU  - Zacharias, Fred C.
AU  - Green, Bruce A.
T2  - Boston University Law Review
AB  - This Article explores the possible role of the attorney disciplinary process in discouraging prosecutorial conduct that contributes to false convictions. It asks what the impact would be, for better or worse, of disciplining prosecutors for incompetence when they fail to exercise reasonable care to prevent the conviction of the innocent. The inquiry provides a new vehicle for thinking about the nature of the disciplinary process, the work of prosecutors, the challenge of preventing erroneous convictions and, ultimately, the complexities of prosecutorial regulation. The Article demonstrates that it would be plausible to interpret the attorney competence rule as encompassing prosecutorial negligence and identifies various potential benefits of doing so. But the Article also identifies and analyzes significant normative and institutional objections that might be raised. The Article concludes that there are serious problems with employing the competence rule as proposed and that these problems are inherent in the use of discipline to regulate prosecutors. This analysis suggests that the historical under-utilization of discipline in regulating prosecutors may not result exclusively from insufficient resources or a lack of will on the part of disciplinary regulators, as some have argued. The Article's illustration of the inherent limitations of the disciplinary process highlights the need for renewed attention to alternative regulatory processes. These include civil liability, which currently is foreclosed by prosecutorial immunity doctrines, and more robust internal regulation.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 59
SN  - 00068047
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=36659869&site=ehost-live
AN  - 36659869
N1  - <p>THE DUTY TO AVOID WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN THE REGULATION OF PROSECUTORS<br />ZACHARIAS, FRED C. 1 GREEN, BRUCE A. 2; Affiliation: 1: Herzog Endowed Research Professor, University of San Diego Law School 2: Louis Stein Professor of Law and Director, Louis Stein Center for Law and Ethics, Fordham University School of Law; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MALICIOUS prosecution; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: DISCIPLINE; Subject Term: PROSECUTORS; Subject Term: CIVIL liability; Subject Term: PRIVILEGES & immunities; Number of Pages: 59p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - CIVIL liability
KW  - DISCIPLINE
KW  - MALICIOUS prosecution
KW  - PRIVILEGES & immunities
KW  - PROSECUTORS
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Aggressive police questioning may boost false accusations, study finds | Toronto Star
AU  - Gillis, Wendy
T2  - thestar.com
AB  - Research inspired by a wrongfully accused Peel man finds coercive tactics with witnesses may result in them telling interrogators “what they think you want to hear.”
DA  - 2015/02/15/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2015/02/15/aggressive-police-questioning-may-boost-false-accusations-study-finds.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Next Step in Accountability-Driven Leadership: "CompStating" the CompStat Data
AU  - Serpas, Ronald W.
AB  - Given that one of the criticisms of CompStat--which is designed to hold precinct commanders accountable for the effectiveness of crime-control strategies in their jurisdictions--is that precinct records can be manipulated to give a favorable impression of crime-fighting efforts, this article describes how the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (Tennessee) audits the efforts and actions of all components of the department. The Crime Analysis Unit of the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD) has implemented several processes for evaluating data generated from officers' activities. The Lieutenant Survey is the most basic of these audit processes. This survey randomly generates a list of crime victims each month. The main purpose of this process is to survey crime victims randomly in order to determine whether the police report on file accurately depicts the events that occurred, as reported to the original officer by the victim. Since January 2005, MNPD patrol lieutenants have contacted 70.8 percent of the targeted crime-victim population, who have confirmed at a 99-percent rate that the police report accurately describes the events of the crimes committed against them. Another auditing effort temporarily assigns police lieutenants and civilian equivalents to conduct full audits of organizational units throughout the department. Audit teams are trained to review random samples of police reports and supplemental police reports regarding the outcome of police investigations. Another component of data audit occurs when officers submit a report to their supervisors for review. After being signed by the supervisor, reports are sent to the Records Division, which reviews each report manually. If any errors are detected, a notice is sent to the officer to return to headquarters to correct the errors. 5 figures, 1 table, and 3 notes
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 75
SP  - 60
EP  - 66,68-70
N1  - <p>Next Step in Accountability-Driven Leadership: "CompStating" the CompStat Data<br/>Date revised - 2013-10-04 Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
N1  - <p>Next Step in Accountability-Driven Leadership: "CompStating" the CompStat Data<br/>Date revised - 2013-10-04 Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Accountability (04646)
KW  - Audits (08226)
KW  - Data integrity (02375)
KW  - Secondary data analysis (09468)
KW  - Tennessee (47000)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Self-Reported Wrongful Convictions among Prisoners
AU  - Loeffler, Charles
AU  - Hyatt, Jordan
AU  - Ridgeway, Greg
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Robocops and Robbers
AU  - Leovy, Jill
T2  - The American Scholar
AB  - Criminal justice in the age of digital spying and surveillance #bookreviews #criminaljustice #police
DA  - 2017/03/06/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://theamericanscholar.org/robocops-and-robbers/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Solving a Mystery Behind the Deadly ‘Tsunami of Molasses’ of 1919
AU  - Mccann, Erin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Researchers say they have figured out a piece of the puzzle of why a 2.3 million-gallon spill of molasses from a storage tank in Boston was so deadly, killing 21 people and destroying buildings.
DA  - 2016/11/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html
Y2  - 2017/03/24/15:12:50
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/26/science/boston-molasses-flood-science.html?emc=edit_th_20161128&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=51931157&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C0746916A71EC77AFD78CC96F7BE7FFA&gwt=pay
KW  - American Physical Society
KW  - Boston (Mass)
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - Explosions (Accidental)
KW  - Harvard University
KW  - Molasses
KW  - Rubinstein, Shmuel M
KW  - Sharp, Nicole (1985- )
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Daring to Fail: First-Person Storires of Criminal Justice Refor
AU  - Innovation, Center for Court
AB  - Several people interviewed for the book mention "trial and error" Hurbert Williams of the Police Foundation: "There’s always trial and error in any endeavor. The Police Foundation is the organization that opened up policing to research. We have found that when you’re working scientifically, you’re going to find that what you thought would work, didn’t." (p165) Can you give an example of a type of failure pitfall that is common to policing? Too often, there is a disconnect between policies and practices, a failure to monitor behavior and respond appropriately."
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/documents/Daring_2_Fail.pdf
N1  - <p>Daring to Fail: First-Person Storires of Criminal Justice Refor</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Death row: the lawyer who keeps losing
AU  - Rose, Dave
T2  - The Guardian
AB  - The Long Read: A single attorney has had more clients sentenced to death in federal court than any other defence lawyer in America. He’s part of a deeply flawed system that is about to get worse

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/g-f5x3xgijw
DA  - 2016/11/24/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Guardian
LA  - en-GB
SE  - World news
SN  - 0261-3077
ST  - Death row
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
Y2  - 2017/03/24/15:20:32
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/death-row-the-lawyer-who-keeps-losing
KW  - Capital punishment
KW  - US crime
KW  - US justice system
KW  - World news
ER  - 

TY  - MANSCPT
TI  - Policing Predictive Policing
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AB  - Predictive policing is sweeping the nation, promising the holy grail of policing – preventing crime before it happens. Police have embraced predictive analytics

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/uUBWYycbaD0
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/04/15/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2765525
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2765525
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2765525
KW  - Andrew Guthrie  Ferguson
KW  - Policing Predictive Policing
KW  - SSRN
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Review of Literature: Individual Blame vs. Organizational Function Logics in Accident Analysis
AU  - Catino, Maurizio
T2  - Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management
AB  - When an accident happens in an organization, two different approaches are possible to explain its origin and dynamics. The first approach, called individual blame logic aims at finding the guilty individuals. The second approach, called organizational function logic aims to identify the organizational factors that favoured the occurrence of the event. This article compares the two different logics of inquiry, the consequences that they produce, in particular in the case of accidents caused by unintentional actions. Though favoured by the scientists, the organizational function logic approach is in real life usually beaten by the individual blame logic. Reviewing the literature, this article brings together the arguments for using the organizational function logic from the perspective that learning from accidents is necessary to prevent them from happening again.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 53
EP  - 62
SN  - 09660879
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28857408&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>A Review of Literature: Individual Blame vs. Organizational Function Logics in Accident Analysis</p>
N1  - <p>A Review of Literature: Individual Blame vs. Organizational Function Logics in Accident Analysis</p>
KW  - BLAME
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL behavior
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - CMHA security officer wins $13.2 million verdict for civil rights violations by Cleveland detectives
AU  - McCarty, James
AB  - http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2013/03/post_113.html Note by Doyle: Here's a standard news account of a wrongful conviction and an enormous civil judgment. Characteristically, the news report identifies the "bad apples" responsible, but even in this laconic account there are indications of layer-upon-layer of bad decisions, failures to catch bad decisions, etc. There is also not much interest in why the bad decisions looked like good decisions at the time to the decision-makers. The hypothesis that the detectives were motivated by anti-gay bias in framing a gay man for the sex assault murder of an elderly woman seems to be open to question. (Among the questions whether---of why---the detectives would be indifferent to the escape of the actual murderer.)
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>CMHA security officer wins $13.2 million verdict for civil rights violations by Cleveland detectives</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>CMHA security officer wins $13.2 million verdict for civil rights violations by Cleveland detectives</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Defense Counsel, Trial Judges, and Evidence Protocols
AU  - Brown, D.
AB  - This essay, a contribution to the 2012 Texas Tech Symposium on the Sixth Amendment, argues that constitutional criminal adjudication provisions are fruitfully viewed not primarily as defendant rights but as procedural components that, when employed, maximize the odds that adversarial adjudication will succeed in its various goals, notably accurate judgments. On this view, the state has an interest in how those procedural mechanisms, especially regarding fact investigation and evidence gathering, are invoked or implemented. Deficient attorney performance, on this view, can be taken as a problem of the state’s adversarial adjudication process, for which public officials - notably judges, whose judgments depend on that process - should assume greater responsibility. The essay briefly sketches how judicial responsibility for the integrity of criminal judgments is minimized in various Sixth Amendment doctrines and aspects of adversarial practice. Then, instead of looking to Sixth Amendment doctrine to enforce minimal standards for attorney performance, the essay suggests that judges could improve routine adversarial process through modest steps to more closely supervise attorneys’ performance without infringing their professional discretion or adversarial role. One such step involves use of protocols, or checklists, through which judges would have attorneys confirm that they have performed some of their tasks essential to adversarial adjudication, such as fact investigation, before the court would rely on their performance to reach a judgment, whether through plea bargaining or trial.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>Defense Counsel, Trial Judges, and Evidence Protocols</p>
N1  - <p>Defense Counsel, Trial Judges, and Evidence Protocols</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Need for a New Learning Culture in Law Enforcement
AU  - Ramirez, S. M.
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 24-26, November 1996
AB  - Law enforcement culture should be promoting a learning environment that, through the use of vision and experimentation, helps police agencies to meet the challenges of today and tomorrow. Dr. Jack Mezirow of Columbia University has defined learning as "perspective transformation." This means that learning has occurred if the learner's perspective is changed by the assimilation of new knowledge. The format for most law enforcement training is based on the "Behaviorist Paradigm." The assumption is that the facilitator's task is to ensure that learners attain previously defined learning objectives, many of which are specified in terms of clearly observable behavioral outcomes. This type of training is most often used to teach children. Although it has some validity in task-oriented, instrumental learning, such as basic firearm instruction, it does not take into account that the student may have experiences that can be a valuable resource for learning. The most important skill that can be imparted in the learning process is the ability to learn, think, and solve problems in a self-directed manner. By embracing the "Humanistic Paradigm," which presents the instructor as a collaborative facilitator who works with the learners in creating objectives, methods, and evaluative criteria, law enforcement training can begin to give more validity to the experiences and perspectives that the students bring with them. Training should have built into it evaluation systems on at least two levels. The first is the evaluation of the training program itself. Formative evaluation is the process instructors use to make the training more effective. In this stage, the instructor collects data from the learners to determine its effectiveness. The analysis of these data provides the basis for the revision of the instructional program. The second form of evaluation concerns whether or not learning has occurred. Pre- and post-tests are one way to judge the learning experience. Some form of follow-up evaluation should also be developed to track the rate of retention of new skills or knowledge. 7 footnotes
CY  - United States
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
SP  - 3-3
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9764854?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Need for a New Learning Culture in Law Enforcement<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR164298; 164298</p>
KW  - Just culture
KW  - *Police training evaluation (09615)
KW  - Police training management (09808)
KW  - Police training programs (09810)
KW  - Teaching/training techniques (09233)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Beware the rule-following co-worker, Harvard study warns
AU  - Chu
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Harvard study on toxic employees lays out three characteristics that should make you suspicious.
DA  - 2015/12/15/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/12/15/beware-the-rule-following-co-worker-harvard-study-warns/
Y2  - 2017/05/12/16:52:05
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/12/15/beware-the-rule-following-co-worker-harvard-study-warns/?kwp_0=89555&kwp_1=257473&kwp_4=459663&tid=paid_fb_keywee&utm_term=.8ed32d37344a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Contamination of Eyewitness Self-Reports and the Mistaken-Identification Problem
AU  - Smalarz, Laura
AU  - Wells, Gary
T2  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/l_0DAj9tkDs
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 24
UR  - http://public.psych.iastate.edu/glwells/Wells%20pdfs/2010-/Smalarz&Wells_Current_Directions_2015.pdf
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - New details in fence-jumping reveal failures in security rings around White House
AU  - Leonnig, Carol D.
AU  - Fahrenthold, David A.
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The Secret Service has five protective rings around the mansion, but a fence-jumper crossed them all.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/wAvSaCGQfrU
DA  - 2014/09/23/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Politics
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/new-details-in-fence-jumping-reveal-failures-in-security-rings-around-white-house/2014/09/23/043518ea-434a-11e4-b47c-f5889e061e5f_story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:44:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moving down the wedge of injustice: A proposal for a third generation of wrongful convictions scholarship and advocacy
AU  - Siegel, Andrew
T2  - American Criminal Law Review
AB  - The Innocence Project and its allies in the wrongful convictions community have much to be proud of. In a first wave of case-specific advocacy, the innocence movement has freed more than 150 innocent people from prison and focused public attention on the prevalence of wrongful convictions. More recently, the movement has opened a second front in the battle against wrongful convictions, marshaling information culled from the many known exonerations to publicize the factors that lead to flawed evidence and wrongful convictions. While acknowledging and applauding these achievements, this Article argues that the time has come to open a crucial third front in the battle against wrongful convictions, one that shifts attention from post-conviction strategies and evidence-related flaws in our system of criminal justice to broader questions about the structure and administration of criminal justice. To make the case for this proposal, the Article raises and discusses a number of candidates for further study and advocacy, including indigent defense funding, plea bargaining practices, and jury instructions. The bulk of the Article, however, discusses prosecutorial docket control, a defining feature of South Carolina criminal practice that is, in many ways, the exemplar of the kind of broad, systemic, justice-warping practice upon which the wrongful convictions movement might appropriately focus its energies.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 42
SP  - 1219
N1  - <p>Moving down the wedge of injustice: A proposal for a third generation of wrongful convictions scholarship and advocacy</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Miscarriages of justice: a systems approach
AU  - Nobles, Richard
AU  - Schiff, David
T2  - Modern Law Review
AB  - Argues that whilst the manner in which miscarriages of justice are structured in the legal system, and by the media, will lead to inevitable and periodic crises, such crises are unlikely to provide significant opportunities for change. Despite attempts by commentators to appropriate miscarriages as 'lessons' for all kinds of reforms, the central understanding of miscarriage of justice, as constructed in the media, concerns 'decisions regarding the determination of guilt or innocence for specific offences'.
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
SP  - 299
EP  - 320
SN  - 0026-7961, 0026-7961
N1  - <p>Miscarriages of justice: a systems approach</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Miscarriages of justice
KW  - UK
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Something To See Here: Don’t Move Along
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The world of criminal justice and the media that monitor it act as if whenever there is no one to hang, there is nothing to learn. We think "accountability" is the same thing as punishment.
DA  - 2015/01/20/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Something To See Here
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/01/20/2015-01-something-to-see-here-dont-move-along/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/17:59:42
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/01/20/2015-01-something-to-see-here-dont-move-along/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/01/20/2015-01-something-to-see-here-dont-move-along/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chicago Law Department is sanctioned again for withholding police shooting records
AU  - Coen, Stacy St Clair, Jeff
T2  - chicagotribune.com
AB  - Mayor Rahm Emanuel 's Law Department again has been sanctioned for withholding records involving a fatal police shooting, marking the eighth time in recent years a federal judge has formally punished the city for failing to turn over potential evidence in a police misconduct lawsuit.
DA  - 2017/01/25/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:59:19
L2  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Doyle </span></p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">The city of Chicago reacts to claims of misconduct by refusing to provide discovery.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html" target="_blank"> http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-chicago-law-department-sanctions-20170104-story.html</a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">  There is no doubt that there are people who believe (as did one assistant attorney general I interviewed) that "My job is to keep things secret."  If frontline people in the litigation wars continue to believe this, change, reform, whatever you want to call it, is going to be very slow.  In the end---if the Chicago judge quoted here is any example---this is a losing strategy, and one that deserves to lose.  The alternative is to try to face facts and learn from them....</span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - What makes us get sick? Look upstream
AU  - Manchanda, Rishi
AB  - Rishi Manchanda has worked as a doctor in South Central Los Angeles for a decade, where he’s come to realize: His job isn’t just about treating a patient’s symptoms, but about getting to the root cause of what is making them ill—the “upstream" factors like a poor diet, a stressful job, a lack of fresh air. It’s a powerful call for doctors to pay attention to a patient's life outside the exam room.
DA  - 2014/08//
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.ted.com
ST  - What makes us get sick?
UR  - https://www.ted.com/talks/rishi_manchanda_what_makes_us_get_sick_look_upstream
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:31:40
L2  - https://www.ted.com/talks/rishi_manchanda_what_makes_us_get_sick_look_upstream
L2  - https://www.ted.com/talks/rishi_manchanda_what_makes_us_get_sick_look_upstream
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - This man sat in jail for 110 days—after he already did his time
AU  - Bookman, Marc
T2  - Mother Jones
AB  - The case of Eric Wyatt, Georgia's Cordele circuit, and why America's public defense system is disintegrating.
DA  - 2015/08/06/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/08/public-defender-cordele-georgia-eric-wyatt
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:00:15
L2  - http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/08/public-defender-cordele-georgia-eric-wyatt
L2  - http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/08/public-defender-cordele-georgia-eric-wyatt
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Science, Suspects, and Systems: Lessons from the Anthrax Investigation
AU  - Murphy, Erin
AU  - Sklansky, David Alan
AB  - The anthrax mailings of late 2001 triggered one of the costliest and most complex criminal investigations in the history of the United States Department of Just
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2009/05/17/
PY  - 2009
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 1405491
ST  - Science, Suspects, and Systems
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1405491
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1405491
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1405491
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1405491
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1405491
KW  - anthrax
KW  - bioterrorism
KW  - Department of Justice
KW  - DOJ
KW  - FBI
KW  - Federal Bureau of Investigation
KW  - institutional learning
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Brady in an Age of Innocence
AU  - Laurin, Jennifer E
T2  - NYU Rev. L. & Soc. Change
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
VL  - 38
SP  - 505
J2  - NYU Rev. L. & Soc. Change
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - F.B.I. Evidence Is Often Mishandled, an Internal Inquiry Finds
AU  - Apuzzo, Matt
AU  - Schmidt, Michael S.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - An internal investigation recounts tales of missing and mislabeled evidence that could have consequences for criminal investigations and prosecutions.
DA  - 2014/12/19/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Politics
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/20/us/politics/fbi-evidence-keeping-criticized.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/17:28:47
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/20/us/politics/fbi-evidence-keeping-criticized.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3As%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A5%22%7D
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Federal Bureau of Investigation
KW  - Forensic Science
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prisoners Seek Restitution for Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Healy, Jack
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - States are grappling with how to compensate the growing number of ex-prisoners for the years they spent locked up after being exonerated by DNA tests.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp
DA  - 2013/03/13/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:52:42
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/us/prisoners-seek-restitution-for-wrongful-convictions.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=53BC06E4E62F2BCF46037DB9BA49B77A&gwt=pay
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Forensic Science
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Dewey, Robert
KW  - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - States (US)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Limited Diagnosticity of Criminal Trials
AU  - Simon, Dan
T2  - Vanderbilt Law Review
AB  - A fundamental function of the criminal trial is to determine the facts correctly in order to distinguish between guilty and innocent defendants, and between strong and weak prosecutions. This Article seeks to answer a simple question: How good is the criminal trial at reaching accurate factual conclusions? The Article applies a body of experimental psychology to examine the ability of factfinders to assess the evidence and draw correct inferences from it. The psychological research indicates that the mental processes involved in determining facts in criminal trials are more complex and fickle than generally believed. Part I exposes the difficulties in deciphering the human testimony that is frequently encountered in criminal trials, including eyewitness identification, witness memory for the event, confessions, alibis, and witness demeanor. The task is further hindered by two systemic problems with the integrity of the evidence: false corroboration and the paucity of the investigative record. Part II demonstrates that the inference-making process is susceptible to distortion from the context of legal decisionmaking. Intrusive factors include courtroom persuasion, exposure to impermissible information, emotional arousal, racial prejudice, and the decisionmaker's cognitive process itself. In sum, the accuracy of the criminal trial falls short of the system's high epistemic demands and the certitude it exudes. The findings contribute to our understanding of the causes of mistaken verdicts, particularly wrongful convictions. The Article proposes ways to improve the diagnosticity of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
SP  - 141
EP  - 223
SN  - 00422533
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=59649024&site=ehost-live
AN  - 59649024
N1  - <p>The Limited Diagnosticity of Criminal Trials<br/>Simon, Dan; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p141; Subject Term: CRIMINAL trials; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: WITNESSES; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: DEFENDANTS; Subject Term: EYEWITNESS identification; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 82p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Criminal trials
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - DEFENDANTS
KW  - EYEWITNESS identification
KW  - WITNESSES
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Better Policing Can Improve Legitimacy and Reduce Mass Incarceration
AU  - Braga, Anthony
DA  - 2016/03/10/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:32:49
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/better-policing-can-improve-legitimacy-and-reduce-mass-incarceration/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Feud Between McCarthy and City's Lawyer Blocked Police Reform, Sources Say
AU  - Konkol, Mark
T2  - DNAinfo Chicago
AB  - Is mayor's new police accountability task force a repeat of 2014 study on police discipline?
DA  - 2015/12/09/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20151209/loop/feud-between-mccarthy-citys-lawyer-blocked-police-reform-sources-say
Y2  - 2017/05/25/19:58:44
L2  - https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20151209/loop/feud-between-mccarthy-citys-lawyer-blocked-police-reform-sources-say
L2  - https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20151209/loop/feud-between-mccarthy-citys-lawyer-blocked-police-reform-sources-say
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is It an Inside Job? An Examination of Internal Affairs Complaint Investigation Files and the Production of Nonsustained Findings
AU  - Liederbach, John
AU  - Boyd, Lorenzo M.
AU  - Taylor, Robert W.
AU  - Kawucha, Soraya K.
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
AB  - Data concerning the internal investigation of complaints against police have rarely been available to researchers. The present study uses information derived through an examination of Internal Affairs complaint investigation files obtained from a large Midwestern police agency in order to examine issues related to the processing of complaints against the police. The article includes an overview of existing literature concerning citizen complaints and internal complaint review structures. Data are presented concerning complainants and accused officers, investigative findings, and the factors cited by investigators in order to justify their findings. Issues regarding the interpretation of sustain rates for citizen complaints are discussed, as well as suggested improvements for the internal review of complaints against the police. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2007.]
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 353
EP  - 377
SN  - 0887-4034, 0887-4034
N1  - <p>Is It an Inside Job? An Examination of Internal Affairs Complaint Investigation Files and the Production of Nonsustained Findings</p>
KW  - *Investigations (Law Enforcement)
KW  - *Public Relations
KW  - complaints against police, internal affairs units, police complaint review
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Picking Cotton | A Memoir by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and Ronald Cotton with Erin Torneo
AU  - Thompson, Jennifer
AU  - Torneo, Erin
AU  - Cotton, Ronald
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://www.pickingcottonbook.com/home.html
Y2  - 2017/06/12/17:05:02
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Conviction Review Units: A National Perspective
AU  - Hollway, John
AB  - As Conviction Review Units have emerged across the United States, community and other observers have sought to evaluate their impact and to identify those CRUs that are sincere about investigating and resolving credible allegations of factual innocence among closed convictions. A skepticism prevails that some CRUs are units conducting “Conviction Review In Name Only,” or “CRINOs.” This skepticism is fueled by CRUs that lack the independence, flexibility, and transparency that is described herein.
CY  - Penn Legal Scholarship Repository
DA  - 2016/04//
PY  - 2016
PB  - Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice
SN  - Paper 1614
UR  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2615&context=faculty_scholarship
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:57:02
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Raised Hand: can a new approach curb domestic homicide?
AU  - Synder, Rachel
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/07/22/130722fa_fact_snyder
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>July 22<br/>A Raised Hand: can a new approach curb domestic homicide?</p>
N1  - <p>July 22<br/>A Raised Hand: can a new approach curb domestic homicide?</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - F.B.I. Says Killing Man Was Justified, but Not Shooting His Tire
AU  - Savage, Charlie
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The F.B.I. has faulted an agent who shot the tire of a suspect’s S.U.V. during an attempted arrest, but not two other agents who killed the man.
DA  - 2016/04/22/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/us/fbi-says-killing-man-was-justified-but-not-shooting-his-tire.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/19:07:06
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/us/fbi-says-killing-man-was-justified-but-not-shooting-his-tire.html?mabReward=CTM&moduleDetail=recommendations-2&action=click&contentCollection=Art%20%26%20Design%C2%AEion=Footer&module=WhatsNext&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&src=recg&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=03FDC9EC4AF6235558182A3697A6C048&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/23/us/fbi-says-killing-man-was-justified-but-not-shooting-his-tire.html?mabReward=CTM&moduleDetail=recommendations-2&action=click&contentCollection=Art%20%26%20Design%C2%AEion=Footer&module=WhatsNext&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&src=recg&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=03FDC9EC4AF6235558182A3697A6C048&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Federal Bureau of Investigation
KW  - Baltimore (Md)
KW  - Kalicharan, Navin (1977- )
KW  - Queens (NYC)
KW  - Ricketts, Adrian
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - TEAM POLICING - AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TECHNIQUES
AU  - Koverman, R. B.
T2  - JOURNAL OF POLICE SCIENCE AND ADMINISTRATION, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15-19, MARCH 1974
AB  - PROJECT OF THE DAYTON, OHIO POLICE TO DECENTRALIZE THE DEPARTMENT INTO TEAMS OF 'GENERALIST-SPECIALIST' OFFICERS WHO ARE SUFFICIENTLY SKILLED TO CONDUCT ALL TYPES OF INVESTIGATIONS FROM DISPATCH TO FINAL COURT DISPOSITION. THE EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT, WHICH BEGAN IN 1970, WAS LIMITED TO FOUR 10-MAN TEAMS IN ONE OF THE FIVE POLICE DISTRICTS OF THE CITY. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT WERE TO ALTER THE BUREAUCRATIC AND PARAMILITARY STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT, PRODUCE A COMMUNITY-CENTERED STRUCTURE RESPONSIVE TO NEIGHBORHOOD LIFE STYLES, AND TO TEST THE GENERALIST-SPECIALIST APPROACH TO POLICE WORK. TRADITIONAL PROCEDURES, IN WHICH A PATROL OFFICER NEVER HEARS ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING HIS INVESTIGATION, ARE THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO THE INCREASING MORALE PROBLEM FOUND IN MANY POLICE DEPARTMENTS. BESIDES BUILDING MORE CONFIDENT AND WELL-ROUNDED POLICEMEN, TEAM POLICING GIVE THE OFFICER THE OPPORTUNITY OF SEEING THE RESULTS OF HIS EFFORTS. IT ALSO REDUCES THE NUMBER OF PERSONNEL CONTACTING A CITIZEN TO A MAXIMUM OF TWO, WHICH REDUCES THE CITIZEN'S CONFUSION AND LEAVES MORE PERSONNEL AVAILABLE TO RESPOND TO HIGH PRIORITY INVESTIGATIONS. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)
CY  - United States
DA  - 1974///
PY  - 1974
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9822351?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>TEAM POLICING - AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TECHNIQUES<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR14140; 14140</p>
KW  - Community service officers (04361)
KW  - Crisis intervention (03945)
KW  - Family crisis (01294)
KW  - Ohio (39000)
KW  - Team policing (02060)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rift Between Officers and Residents as Killings Persist in South Bronx
AU  - Mueller, Benjamin
AU  - Baker, Al
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Trust ebbs in a precinct with many murders but too few detectives.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/A_QBKOcf7Es

Doyle:


But if it had been identified as a "sentinel event" and approached in an all-stakeholders, forward-looking,non-blaming  fashion (in other words from the orientation the reporter chooses) the examination of the event would naturally have led to the illumination of the system weaknesses.  "Accountability" of this kind would, among other things, provide a way for the understaff frontline to ask the higher ups to account for the consequences of their decisions.
DA  - 2016/12/31/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/19:16:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/nyregion/bronx-murder-40th-precinct-police-residents.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - South Bronx (Bronx, NY)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How Much Can Better Training Do to Improve Policing?
AU  - Lantigua-Williams, Juleyka
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - Two former police chiefs and a researcher discuss how to improve law-enforcement practices.
DA  - 2016/07/13/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/07/police-training/490556/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Partner Violence Against Women with Disabilities: Prevalence, Risk, and Explanations
AU  - Brownridge, Douglas A.
T2  - Violence Against Women: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal
AB  - This study examined the prevalence and possible causes of partner violence against women with disabilities. Results indicated that when compared to their nondisabled counterparts, women with disabilities had a 40 percent greater chance of experiencing partner violence in the 5 years preceding the interview. Moreover, the findings suggest that these women are at greater risk of severe violence than women without disabilities. The analysis also focused on whether relationship characteristics, victim-related characteristics, or perpetrator-related characteristics could explain the greater risk of partner violence experienced by women with disabilities. The results suggested that perpetrator-related characteristics alone accounted for the elevated risk of violence for these women. Male partners of women with disabilities were about 2.5 times more likely to behave in a patriarchal dominating manner and about 1.5 times more likely to exhibit sexually proprietary behaviors, both of which were significantly linked to partner violence. Policymakers and practitioners should be aware that women with disabilities tend to have partners who are more susceptible to partner violence and that patriarchal dominance may be the root cause. Data were drawn from the 1999 Canadian General Social Survey (GSS), in which 1,092 disabled heterosexual women living with a male partner and 5,935 nondisabled women living with a male partner were interviewed via the telephone about their experiences of criminal victimization, including partner violence. Data were analyzed using multivariate statistical models and the weighting scheme suggested by Statistics Canada was employed. Limitations of the study are discussed and include the absence of behavioral characteristics in the analysis and the use of survey methods. Tables, notes, references
DA  - 2013/10/09/
PY  - 2013
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
SP  - 805
EP  - 822
LA  - English
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9803076?accountid=26333
AN  - 9803076; 237105
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2013-10-04</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Battered wives (04834)
KW  - Discrimination against disabld prsns (10429)
KW  - Male offenders (03671)
KW  - Victims of violence (10218)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The never-ending 'Willie Horton effect' is keeping prisons too full for America's good
AU  - Pfaff, John
T2  - Los Angeles Times
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lL54VjrCWMY
DA  - 2017/05/14/
PY  - 2017
DP  - LA Times
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0458-3035
UR  - http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-pfaff-why-prison-reform-isnt-working-20170514-story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/15/15:26:55
L2  - http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-pfaff-why-prison-reform-isnt-working-20170514-story.html
L2  - http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-pfaff-why-prison-reform-isnt-working-20170514-story.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Criminal Injustice: Understanding the Causes, Effects, and Responses to Wrongful Conviction in Canada
AU  - Denov, Myriam S.
AU  - Campbell, Kathryn M.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 224 - 249, August 2005
AB  - Through an analysis of the literature and personal interviews, this article reviews the causes, effects, and responses to wrongful convictions in Canada. Despite the growing international interest in the problem of wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice, little empirical research has focused on this topic in Canada, even as high profile wrongful conviction cases have been splashed across Canadian media. Given the seriousness of the topic, the problem of wrongful conviction needs further exploration. The goal of the current article is to stimulate interest and knowledge on the subject by examining the causes and effects of wrongful conviction and by reviewing the Canadian response to wrongful convictions. Case material is analyzed to explore the factors that contribute to wrongful convictions, which include eyewitness error, professional misconduct, and false confessions. Qualitative interviews with five wrongfully convicted Canadians provide the data needed to analyze the long-term effects of wrongful conviction and imprisonment, both on the individuals wrongfully imprisoned and on their families. Overall, individuals and their families describe feelings of loss and anger and of a continued sense of imprisonment following release. Finally, the authors examine the Canadian responses to those wrongfully convicted, with a focus on post-conviction exoneration as it is established in the Criminal Code. The difficulties and limitations in the current system are highlighted as the authors call for a more expedient and accessible response on the problem of wrongful conviction from the Canadian criminal justice system. Table, notes, references
CY  - United States
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 26-26
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9787366?accountid=26333http://www.sagepub.com/
N1  - <p>Criminal Injustice: Understanding the Causes, Effects, and Responses to Wrongful Conviction in Canada<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Language of summary - English Pages - 26 ProQuest ID - 9787366 Last updated - 2012-09-06 British nursing index edition - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 224 - 249, August 2005 Corporate institution author - Denov, Myriam S; Campbell, Kathryn M DOI - NCJR210648; 210648</p>
N1  - <p>Criminal Injustice: Understanding the Causes, Effects, and Responses to Wrongful Conviction in Canada<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Language of summary - English Pages - 26 ProQuest ID - 9787366 Last updated - 2012-09-06 British nursing index edition - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 224 - 249, August 2005 Corporate institution author - Denov, Myriam S; Campbell, Kathryn M DOI - NCJR210648; 210648</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Former Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Tim McGinty knew Tamir Rice decision would cost him his job: Q&A
AU  - Shaffer, Cory
AU  - clevel
AU  - .com
T2  - cleveland.com
AB  - Former Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Timothy J. McGinty knew his decision not to charge the Cleveland police officer who shot Tamir Rice in 2014 would likely end his career as prosecutor.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
ST  - Former Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Tim McGinty knew Tamir Rice decision would cost him his job
UR  - http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html
Y2  - 2017/01/19/14:53:34
L2  - http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html
L2  - http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
N1  - <p>G. Group 1/18/17</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">The (former) District Attorney, bounced from office after failure to get an indictment in Tamir Rice shooting, looks back and sees the systems failures in hiring, dispatch, training, etc.  In other words, does a sketch of a sentinel event analysis.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html" target="_blank">http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/01/former_cuyahoga_county_prosecu.html</a>
<div>The question arises whether if an actual, all-stakeholders sentinel event routine might have saved his job is an interesting one.  Whether or not it would have has to remain an open question but it would at least have communicated the idea that "WE DON'T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN AGAIN."</div>
<div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":n0" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Limits of Team Policing?
AU  - Talarico, S. M.
AU  - Swanson, C. R.
T2  - Police Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 21-29, Summer 1980
AB  - Team policing is described, and a survey of traditional and team policing agencies is presented which shows that team policing is better for small than large police agencies. Team policing balances the need for police efficiency with the desire of citizens for decentralized, more reponsive policing. Under the system, a team of officers assumes 24-hour responsibility for planning, crime control, and police community services within an area. Team policing differs from traditional policing in that it makes less use of the quasi-military police structure, replacing 100-250 man precincts with several 20-40 man teams; emphasizes community relations and decentralized planning; and exercises some control over specialized police units. However, its results have been ambiguous and some cities, having tried it, have returned to the traditional police structure. To test team policing, the attitudes of police from four departments were surveyed as team policing and traditional departments were compared in Florida and New York. The New York departments served communities of over 250,000 people, while the Florida communities consisted of from 25,000 to 50,000 people. Results show that team policemen in Florida are more satisfied with their jobs, thus perhaps more effective, but also more authoritarian. However, attitudes in the New York departments did not vary substantially, suggesting that traditional bureaucracy remains in large police departments using team policing. Thus, it is concluded that team policing is not workable in these large departments. Tables and 36 notes are included.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1980///
PY  - 1980
SP  - 9-9
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9796804?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Limits of Team Policing?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR72898; 72898</p>
N1  - <p>Limits of Team Policing?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR72898; 72898</p>
KW  - Florida (12000)
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - Police attitudes (04543)
KW  - Services effectiveness (05353)
KW  - Surveys (01147)
KW  - Work attitudes (04546)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why Doctors Need Stories
AU  - Kramer, Peter
T2  - New York Times
AB  - In an era of systematic clinical research, medicine still requires the vignette.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UNtMfRjgUR0
DA  - 2014/10/18/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/18/why-doctors-need-stories/
Y2  - 2017/06/26/17:57:53
N1  - <p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">In psychiatry — and the same is true throughout medicine — randomized trials are rarely large enough to provide guidance on their own. Statisticians amalgamate many studies through a technique called meta-analysis. The first step of the process, deciding which data to include, colors the findings. On occasion, the design of a meta-analysis stacks the deck for or against a treatment. The resulting charts are polemical. Effectively, the numbers<span> </span></span><em style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">are<span> </span></em><span style="color: #333333; font-family: georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">narrative.</span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘We’re truly sorry’: Fla. apologizes for racial injustice of 1949 ‘Groveland Four’ rape case
AU  - Mettler, Katie
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Four black men, known as the “Groveland Four” were falsely accused of kidnapping and raping a white teen girl in 1949. Their families worked for decades to clear their names.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/OAfxc4L9aUI
DA  - 2017/04/19/
PY  - 2017
ST  - ‘We’re truly sorry’
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/04/19/were-truly-sorry-after-68-years-florida-apologizes-for-racist-history-of-groveland-four/
Y2  - 2017/05/19/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/04/19/were-truly-sorry-after-68-years-florida-apologizes-for-racist-history-of-groveland-four/?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.04d15f4b3049
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/04/19/were-truly-sorry-after-68-years-florida-apologizes-for-racist-history-of-groveland-four/?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.04d15f4b3049
KW  - Apologizing
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Arrested Development: A Veteran Police Chief Sounds About Protest, Racism, Corruption and the Seven Steps Necessary to Improve Our Nation's Police
AU  - Couper, David C.
AB  - Chief David Couper led the Madison (Wisc) Police Department for over twenty years. During this time, the Madison police became a world-class model of democratic policing. During his tenure, Madison officers handled hundreds of public protests and demonstrations with having to resort to violence and they implemented a collaborative, employee and citizen-oriented leadership style that remains in place and a model for police departments today. Since Couper’s retirement, he has continued to be concerned about the growing militarization of our nation’s police, corruption in the ranks of police, and an over-reliance on deadly force to get the job done. These and other actions he mentions in this book have literally arrested police development and the great potential they have to assure safe communities within the rule of law.
DA  - 2014/11/16/
PY  - 2014
DP  - Amazon
SP  - 346
LA  - English
PB  - CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
SN  - 978-1-5025-1295-6
ST  - Arrested Development
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Arrested-Development-Veteran-Corruption-Necessary/dp/1502512955
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Obama’s rhetoric on forensics is at odds with his record
AU  - Balko, Radley
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - The president's treatise in the Harvard Law Review only underscores how he missed a golden opportunity for reform.
DA  - 2017/01/05/
PY  - 2017
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/05/obamas-rhetoric-on-forensics-is-at-odds-with-his-record/?utm_term=.679780039b37
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:55:53
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Balko's follow-up piece uses the original to point out that President Obama has done less than he claims in his Harvard Law Review piece to reform criminal justice.</span></p>
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Balko's follow-up piece uses the original to point out that President Obama has done less than he claims in his Harvard Law Review piece to reform criminal justice.</span></p>
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Balko's follow-up piece uses the original to point out that President Obama has done less than he claims in his Harvard Law Review piece to reform criminal justice.</span></p>
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Balko's follow-up piece uses the original to point out that President Obama has done less than he claims in his Harvard Law Review piece to reform criminal justice.</span></p>
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Balko's follow-up piece uses the original to point out that President Obama has done less than he claims in his Harvard Law Review piece to reform criminal justice.</span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CAN AN ETHICAL PERSON BE AN ETHICAL PROSECUTOR? A SOCIAL COGNITIVE APPROACH TO SYSTEMIC REFORM
AU  - Cummings, Lawton P.
T2  - Cardozo Law Review
AB  - Information about the social cognitive approach to systemic reform in prosecution processes. It provides a brief overview of Moral Disengagement Theory, which pre-supposes that the decision-maker has an internalized code of ethics. It states that moral disengagement theory provides a useful lens to analyze the process by which an ethical prosecutor may be encouraged to engage in prosecutorial misconduct. It examines the factors present in the prosecutorial system that may support willful prosecutorial misconduct by encouraging moral disengagement in otherwise ethical prosecutors. It explores the possible reforms to the prosecutorial system that could mitigate such moral disengagement.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 2139
EP  - 2159
SN  - 02705192
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=54612537&site=ehost-live
AN  - 54612537
N1  - <p>CAN AN ETHICAL PERSON BE AN ETHICAL PROSECUTOR? A SOCIAL COGNITIVE APPROACH TO SYSTEMIC REFORM<br/>Cummings, Lawton P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Visiting Associate Professor of Law, George Washington University Law School; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p2139; Subject Term: LEGAL ethics; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: WORK values; Subject Term: MISCONDUCT in office; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: PROSECUTORIAL misconduct; Subject Term: JUDGMENT (Ethics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - JUDGMENT (Ethics)
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - LEGAL ethics
KW  - MISCONDUCT in office
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - prosecutorial misconduct
KW  - WORK values
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Buying Access: How Corporations Influence Decision Makers at Corrections Conferences, Trainings, and Meetings – In the Public Interest
AU  - Interest, In the Public
AB  - This report first details how companies spend millions of dollars sponsoring conferences, paying vendor fees, and providing other funding to gain access to

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tTbxcDThGx4
DA  - 2015/08/06/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Buying Access
UR  - https://www.inthepublicinterest.org/buying-access-how-corporations-influence-decision-makers-at-corrections-conferences-trainings-and-meetings/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:46:10
L2  - https://www.inthepublicinterest.org/buying-access-how-corporations-influence-decision-makers-at-corrections-conferences-trainings-and-meetings/
L2  - https://www.inthepublicinterest.org/buying-access-how-corporations-influence-decision-makers-at-corrections-conferences-trainings-and-meetings/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Coerced to Confess: The Psychology of False Confessions
AU  - Nasterak, Even
T2  - Behavioral Scientist
AB  - Why did the they confess to crimes they did not commit? Why did these confessions trump all other evidence in the case? Why did the judge, jury, and DA place so much emphasis on the confessions, despite conflicting DNA and non-existent physical evidence?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/SuxLe4ZgR_M
DA  - 2014/10/21/
PY  - 2014
ST  - Coerced to Confess
UR  - http://thepsychreport.com/conversations/coerced-to-confess-the-psychology-of-false-confessions/
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://thepsychreport.com/conversations/coerced-to-confess-the-psychology-of-false-confessions/
L2  - http://thepsychreport.com/conversations/coerced-to-confess-the-psychology-of-false-confessions/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Sheriffs Office as a Learning Organization
AU  - Crank, John P.
AU  - Giacomazzi, Andrew
T2  - Police Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 351 - 369, 2009
AB  - This article describes a strategic methodology, which is developed from learning organization theory and used to assess a Western Sheriff's Office. The purpose of this article is to describe a strategic methodology, which is developed from learning organization theory and used to assess a Western Sheriff's Office. The authors use learning organization theory to augment four programmatic innovations carried out by the Ada County Sheriff's Office in Idaho. The learning model is mixed method: Quantitatively, it makes use of a stratified citizen survey and a deputy survey. Qualitatively, citizen and sheriff's deputy focus groups provide meaning from the point of view of environmental actors. The primary products of this method are presented here as narratives that present a comprehensive perspective on the way in which environmental actors viewed programs carried out by the Sheriff's Office. Abstract published by arrangement with Sage Journals.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 19
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1316371434?accountid=26333http://pqx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/4/351
N1  - <p>Sheriffs Office as a Learning Organization<br />Date revised - 2013-03-13 Last updated - 2013-03-14</p>
N1  - <p>Sheriffs Office as a Learning Organization<br/>Date revised - 2013-03-13 Last updated - 2013-03-14</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - Organization studies (04179)
KW  - *Professional organizations (04196)
KW  - Public attitudes toward crime (08871)
KW  - Sheriffs (01086)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How can we stop algorithms telling lies? | Technology
AU  - O'Neil, Cathy
T2  - The Guardian
DA  - 2017/07/16/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/16/how-can-we-stop-algorithms-telling-lies
Y2  - 2017/07/19/14:57:18
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - D.C. police framed man imprisoned 27 years for 1981 murder, U.S. jury finds
AU  - Hsu, Spencer
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The District is liable for compensatory damages after the verdict in the civil rights claim filed by Donald E. Gates.
DA  - 2015/11/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/dc-police-framed-man-imprisoned-27-years-for-1981-murder-us-jury-finds/2015/11/18/7a454054-8e04-11e5-baf4-bdf37355da0c_story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/dc-police-framed-man-imprisoned-27-years-for-1981-murder-us-jury-finds/2015/11/18/7a454054-8e04-11e5-baf4-bdf37355da0c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_gates-130pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.270a59591046
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/dc-police-framed-man-imprisoned-27-years-for-1981-murder-us-jury-finds/2015/11/18/7a454054-8e04-11e5-baf4-bdf37355da0c_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_gates-130pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.270a59591046
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Rethinking Organizational Change in Policing, Summary
AU  - Davis, Mariah
AU  - Wood, Richard L.
AB  - This report summarizes the efforts and findings in the continuation of the APD-UNM (Albuquerque Police Department-University of New Mexico) research partnership's ethnographic study of the transformation of organizational culture as the APD pursued department-wide implementation of community policing. The initial study found that the APD had experienced only limited success in building a police culture guided by community policing over a 4-year period. Some significant changes had occurred in specific areas, but transformations in overall police culture were limited. The second phase of the study, which is profiled in the current report, continued tracking departmental efforts to embed community policing more deeply into the organization. In this effort, the APD-UNM research partnership contributed insights from the initial study as well as findings from academic research on policing nationwide, so as to contribute to informed decision making by police management and police leaders at all levels. The study assessed how this input from the research partnership influenced the ongoing implementation of community policing and the development of organizational culture. The format for these efforts involved focus groups at supervisory and management levels, so as to foster a culture of organizational learning guided by structured reflection on desirable policing models and current research on what works in policing. Objectives of this effort were to foment much greater civilian/sworn collaboration built on mutual respect and to foster the consolidation with APD of a "strong culture of policing" that combines the most effective elements of all the current subcultures into a coherent organizational culture of policing. The assessment did not find the depth of fundamental departmental transformation to which the objectives aspired. This report advises that police leaders may have to reorient their focus toward the slow cultivation of new officers from their initial training through years of career development. This can be done by inserting community policing orientations into the key institutions that reproduce police culture over the long-term.
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 16
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9812349?accountid=26333http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/193418.pdf
N1  - <p>Rethinking Organizational Change in Policing, Summary<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849; University of New Mexico, 1915 Roma NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 SuppNotes - For the full report, see NCJ-193422. Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Police subculture (09668)
KW  - Change management (05376)
KW  - New Mexico (35000)
KW  - NIJ final report (11336)
KW  - Police reform (05027)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE
AU  - Vance Jr, Cyrus R.
AB  - The article presents a speech by Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney of New York County, delivered at the Chief Judge Lawrence H. Cooke Fourth Annual State Constitutional Commentary Symposium, held in Albany, New York on March 4, 2010. Vance discussed issues of fairness in the justice system and the possibility of wrongful convictions. He also announced the creation of a Conviction Integrity Program that reflects the commitment to provide a structure and a framework to address issues.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 73
SP  - 1213
EP  - 1217
SN  - 00024678
UR  - https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-241945244/a-conviction-integrity-initiative
N1  - <p>A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE<br/>Albany Law Review<br/>Speech Accession Number: 59566582; Vance Jr., Cyrus R.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p1213; Subject Term: SPEECHES, addresses, etc.; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: ALBANY (N.Y.); Subject Term: NEW York (State); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; People: VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Speech</p>
N1  - <p>A CONVICTION INTEGRITY INITIATIVE<br/>Albany Law Review<br/>Speech Accession Number: 59566582; Vance Jr., Cyrus R.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p1213; Subject Term: SPEECHES, addresses, etc.; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: ALBANY (N.Y.); Subject Term: NEW York (State); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; People: VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Speech</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - ALBANY (N.Y.)
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - NEW York (State)
KW  - SPEECHES, addresses, etc.
KW  - VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - We Must Insist on Accountability for Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Conroy, John
T2  - Huffington Post
AB  - Former death row inmate Randy Steidl, sentenced to die for the 1986 murders of Dyke and Karen Rhodes in Paris, Ill., and released from prison seven years...
DA  - 2011/12/01/
PY  - 2011
LA  - en_US
UR  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-conroy/randy-steidl-settlement-wrongful-conviction_b_1123730.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:01:23
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-conroy/randy-steidl-settlement-wrongful-conviction_b_1123730.html
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-conroy/randy-steidl-settlement-wrongful-conviction_b_1123730.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - NTSB: Engineer in deadly 2015 Philadelphia Amtrak derailment lost track of where he was
AU  - Laris, Michael
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Brandon Bostian thought he already was past a fatal curve and opened the throttle, the federal safety board said.
DA  - 2016/05/17/
PY  - 2016
ST  - NTSB
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-expected-to-conclude-that-engineer-in-deadly-2015-amtrak-derailment-lost-track-of-where-he-was/2016/05/17/17c45356-1c35-11e6-9c81-4be1c14fb8c8_story.html
Y2  - 2017/04/24/21:01:05
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-expected-to-conclude-that-engineer-in-deadly-2015-amtrak-derailment-lost-track-of-where-he-was/2016/05/17/17c45356-1c35-11e6-9c81-4be1c14fb8c8_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_amtrak-1005am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.296cf03e9111
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-expected-to-conclude-that-engineer-in-deadly-2015-amtrak-derailment-lost-track-of-where-he-was/2016/05/17/17c45356-1c35-11e6-9c81-4be1c14fb8c8_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_amtrak-1005am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.296cf03e9111
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Ex-Justice Dept. Officials Argue Against Federal Prosecutors in Supreme Court Brief
AU  - Liptak, Adam
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The brief, by about 20 former officials, urged the court to hear an appeal in a 2010 case in which they said prosecutors had failed to turn over crucial evidence.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ot8V5pe2C3Q
DA  - 2015/08/03/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Politics
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/us/politics/ex-justice-dept-officials-argue-against-federal-prosecutors-in-supreme-court-brief.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:13:59
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/us/politics/ex-justice-dept-officials-argue-against-federal-prosecutors-in-supreme-court-brief.html?&hpw&rref=us&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region%C2%AEion=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/04/us/politics/ex-justice-dept-officials-argue-against-federal-prosecutors-in-supreme-court-brief.html?&hpw&rref=us&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region%C2%AEion=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well
KW  - Dellinger, Walter E
KW  - Mukasey, Michael B
KW  - Securities and Commodities Violations
KW  - Supreme Court (US)
KW  - United States Politics and Government
KW  - Waxman, Seth P
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
AU  - Multiple Authors
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Commentary and archival information about false arrests, convictions and imprisonments from The New York Times.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/false-arrests-convictions-and-imprisonments
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Violated Trust: Conceptualizing Prosecutorial Misconduct
AU  - Schoenfeld, Heather
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - This article focuses on a theoretical explanation of prosecutorial misconduct with the goal of prompting further research. Prosecutorial misconduct can occur during any part of the criminal justice process, including presentation to the grand jury, charging decisions, discovery, plea negotiations, trial, and postconviction appeals. The problem of prosecutorial misconduct is intimately linked to the role of the prosecutor in the U.S. legal system as the repository for delegated power. The nature of the trust relationship with its monopoly on information, necessary discretion, and role conflict generates conditions that can lead to prosecutorial misconduct.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 250
EP  - 271
SN  - 10439862
UR  - 10.1177/1043986205278722http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=17702015&site=ehost-live
AN  - 17702015
N1  - <p>Violated Trust: Conceptualizing Prosecutorial Misconduct<br/>Schoenfeld, Heather 1; Affiliation: 1: Steppenwolf Theatre, Artistic Director; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p250; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: GRAND jury; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: SOCIAL science research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crime, Criminal Justice, and Law Enforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal procedure; Author-Supplied Keyword: prosecution; Author-Supplied Keyword: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: white-collar crime; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - GRAND jury
KW  - SOCIAL science research
KW  - theory
KW  - white-collar crime
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Murder conviction overturned for 81-year-old - CNN.com
AU  - Shortall, David
DA  - 2016/05/03/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/us/brooklyn-exonerations/index.html
Y2  - 2017/06/18/03:18:19
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Wrongful Death Sentences: Rethinking Justice in Capital Cases
AU  - Burnett, Cathleen
AB  - This book explores the juxtaposition of three aspects of innocence. This book highlights problems such as the elicitation of false confessions, prosecutors who choose to ignore mitigating factors, and Supreme Court decisions that limit appeals to show why those accused of capital crimes frequently fail to receive a fair hearing. Chapter 1 introduces the proposed innocence framework. Chapter 2 explores the most familiar situation of actual innocence in which the condemned prisoner was not at the scene of the crime nor had anything to do with the crime; it discusses the systematic barriers to recognizing those who are actually innocent and offers suggestions for restoring balance in the administration of justice. Chapter 3 discusses innocence by investigating the special problems of false confessions and of plea bargaining, procedures that obstruct the recognition of an actually innocent person and contribute to the development of increasing risks for miscarriages of justice. Chapter 4 explores the circumstances of factual innocence in which the prisoner was in some way involved with the actual killer and is considered an accomplice, although not the actual killer. Chapters 5 and 6 present material that deals explicitly with the intentionality element of capital murder and explains that legal innocence applies to persons who have killed but as a matter of social policy do not deserve the ultimate penalty. Chapter 7 concludes by exploring the consequences of adopting this broader understanding of the spectrum of innocence for the administration of justice. Tables, references, and index
CY  - United States
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 200-200
SN  - 978-1-58826-716-0
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1025820267?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Wrongful Death Sentences: Rethinking Justice in Capital Cases<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Language of summary - English Pages - 200 ProQuest ID - 1025820267 Availability - Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301 Last updated - 2012-09-06 docISBN - 9781588267160 Corporate institution author - Burnett, Cathleen DOI - NCJR260771; 260771; 9781588267160</p>
N1  - <p>Wrongful Death Sentences: Rethinking Justice in Capital Cases<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Language of summary - English Pages - 200 ProQuest ID - 1025820267 Availability - Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, 1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, CO 80301 Last updated - 2012-09-06 docISBN - 9781588267160 Corporate institution author - Burnett, Cathleen DOI - NCJR260771; 260771; 9781588267160</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Reducing Mass Incarceration Requires Far-Reaching Reforms
AU  - Urban Institute
AB  - A new Urban Institute tool lets you explore how potential policy changes could affect the US prison population.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/KOx0b8WLlJ4
DA  - 2015/08//
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://urbn.is/massincarceration
Y2  - 2017/06/05/17:29:22
L2  - http://webapp.urban.org/reducing-mass-incarceration/index.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - When Brain Surgery Goes Wrong
AU  - Rothman, Joshua
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - In “Do No Harm,” one of Britain’s foremost neurosurgeons offers an anatomy of error.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/QFWNT3ef9pI
DA  - 2015/05/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/18/anatomy-of-error
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:28:39
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/18/anatomy-of-error?mbid=nl_051315_Daily&CNDID=35363772&mbid=nl_051315_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=7738118&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=681371763&spReportId=NjgxMzcxNzYzS0
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/18/anatomy-of-error?mbid=nl_051315_Daily&CNDID=35363772&mbid=nl_051315_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=7738118&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=681371763&spReportId=NjgxMzcxNzYzS0
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Prosecutors Falsely Push Prison Term for Innocent Teen
AU  - Washington, Linn
T2  - www.counterpunch.org
AB  - It’s Not About Justice, it’s Winning Convictions

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/B420KCtCgBk
DA  - 2014/11/26/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.counterpunch.org/2014/11/26/prosecutors-falsely-push-prison-term-for-innocent-teen/
Y2  - 2017/06/15/16:27:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions Then and Now: Lessons to be Learned
AU  - Acker, James
AB  - From conclusion of talk: "I‟ll conclude with this observation. There are many estimates about how good the criminal justice system is in terms of getting it right and I think among the more optimistic are that we get it right 99.5 percent of the time. The less optimistic estimates are about a three to five percent error rate. Even if we‟re talking about a one percent error rate, that means right now there are 2,000 New Yorkers in prison or jail doing time for crimes they did not commit; that every year 2,000 misdemeanor and felony defendants will be convicted for crimes they didn‟t commit. We can‟t purport to be perfect; this is a human system. But because it is a human system, we need to do better, we can do better, and I think we will do better as we see these partnerships move forward."
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 337
ST  - The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions/111
UR  - http://www.albanylawreview.org/articles/02%20Acker.pdf
N1  - <p>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions/111</p>
N1  - <p>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions/111</p>
N1  - <p>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions/111</p>
N1  - <p>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions/111</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond bad apples: Analyzing the role of forensic science in wrongful convictions
AU  - Thompson, W. C.
T2  - Sw. UL Rev.
AB  - Forensic science occupies a paradoxical position in the study of wrongful convictions-it is both part of the solution and part of the problem. DNA evidence, to take a prominent example, has helped to exonerate over 200 wrongfully convicted men.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 37
SP  - 1027
N1  - <p>Beyond bad apples: Analyzing the role of forensic science in wrongful convictions</p>
N1  - <p>Beyond bad apples: Analyzing the role of forensic science in wrongful convictions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Chicago tried to cover up a police execution
AU  - Black
T2  - Chicago Reporter
AB  - City officials' responses to the fatal shooting of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald expose systemic failures in police accountability.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/rxhv8FjhMdg
DA  - 2015/11/24/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://chicagoreporter.com/how-chicago-tried-to-cover-up-a-police-execution/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - http://chicagoreporter.com/how-chicago-tried-to-cover-up-a-police-execution/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - An Unbelievable Story of Rape
AU  - Armstrong, Ken
AU  - Miller, Christian
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - An 18-year-old said she was attacked at knifepoint. Then she said she made it up. That’s where our story begins.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JHFnM6lzGWw
DA  - 2015/12/16/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/12/16/an-unbelievable-story-of-rape
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:20:42
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/12/16/an-unbelievable-story-of-rape?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20151216-341#.VhPAbegjT
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/12/16/an-unbelievable-story-of-rape?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20151216-341#.VhPAbegjT
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/12/16/an-unbelievable-story-of-rape?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20151216-341#.VhPAbegjT
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/12/16/an-unbelievable-story-of-rape?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20151216-341#.VhPAbegjT
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Prisons overcrowded, but no hurry to release those who don’t belong
AU  - Tulsky, Rick
T2  - Injustice Watch
AB  - Two recent cases in the news have us pondering again how the criminal justice system works.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/FsL1ZZldH04
DA  - 2016/04/05/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/daily/2016/prisons-overcrowded-but-no-hurry-to-release-those-who-dont-belong/
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:26:24
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/daily/2016/prisons-overcrowded-but-no-hurry-to-release-those-who-dont-belong/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/daily/2016/prisons-overcrowded-but-no-hurry-to-release-those-who-dont-belong/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Conviction to Be Cleared in 1991 Brooklyn Murder Case
AU  - Clifford, Stephanie
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Kenneth P. Thompson, the Brooklyn district attorney, said on Monday that he would move to clear the conviction of Derrick Hamilton, who spent years in prison for a 1991 murder in Bedford-Stuyvesant.
DA  - 2015/01/05/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/06/nyregion/conviction-to-be-cleared-in-1991-brooklyn-murder-case.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:42:46
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Bedford-Stuyvesant (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Hamilton, Derrick (1965- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - In NC, protected records shield wrongful convictions of the innocent
AU  - Locke, y
T2  - newsobserver
AB  - Officials from the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission have required those claiming innocence to agree to keep their records in their case confidential. Legislators have sought to undo that stipulation; commission officials are resisting.
DA  - 2017/04/28/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/crime/article147352174.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/14:56:30
L2  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/crime/article147352174.html
L2  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/crime/article147352174.html
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Winston Pro Bono Team Prevents Possibility of Wrongful Conviction Based on Mistaken Identification
AU  - Winston and Strwan LLP
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/C_ePEGiwYh4
DA  - 2017/06/02/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.winston.com/en/thought-leadership/winston-pro-bono-team-prevents-possibility-of-wrongful.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:21:44
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Judge orders D.C. to pay $13.2 million in wrongful FBI hair conviction case
AU  - Hsu, Spence
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The award to Santae A. Tribble brings to $39 million damages for three men imprisoned decades due to FBI errors.
DA  - 2016/02/28/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/judge-orders-dc-to-pay-132-million-in-wrongful-fbi-hair-conviction-case/2016/02/28/da82e178-dcde-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:53:41
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/judge-orders-dc-to-pay-132-million-in-wrongful-fbi-hair-conviction-case/2016/02/28/da82e178-dcde-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html?hpid=hp_local-news_tribble-5pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.2998df2340c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/judge-orders-dc-to-pay-132-million-in-wrongful-fbi-hair-conviction-case/2016/02/28/da82e178-dcde-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html?hpid=hp_local-news_tribble-5pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.2998df2340c5
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - New York City’s Promising Step on Criminal Justice
AU  - The Editorial Board
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A new bill could make many “quality of life” violations civil, not criminal, offenses, helping to ease the overpolicing in communities of color.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/s0uyBzNj1u4
DA  - 2016/01/25/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/25/opinion/new-york-citys-promising-step-on-criminal-justice.html
Y2  - 2017/05/12/17:04:36
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/25/opinion/new-york-citys-promising-step-on-criminal-justice.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=FADC2C58D3A74E38ADC9AF4B6ED5228A&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/25/opinion/new-york-citys-promising-step-on-criminal-justice.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=FADC2C58D3A74E38ADC9AF4B6ED5228A&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - City Council (NYC)
KW  - de Blasio, Bill
KW  - Editorials
KW  - Fines (Penalties)
KW  - Mark-Viverito, Melissa
KW  - Minorities
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Ex-cop Peter Liang apologizes to partner of black man he killed after DA recommends no jail time
AU  - Wang, Yanan
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The fatal shooting of an unarmed black man at the hands of an Asian American cop has exposed racial fault lines.
DA  - 2016/03/25/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/25/convicted-cop-peter-liang-apologizes-to-partner-of-unarmed-man-he-killed-after-da-recommends-no-jail-time/
Y2  - 2017/05/08/18:55:52
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/25/convicted-cop-peter-liang-apologizes-to-partner-of-unarmed-man-he-killed-after-da-recommends-no-jail-time/?hpid=hp_no-name_morning-mix-story-g-duplicate%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.4a35da427640
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/25/convicted-cop-peter-liang-apologizes-to-partner-of-unarmed-man-he-killed-after-da-recommends-no-jail-time/?hpid=hp_no-name_morning-mix-story-g-duplicate%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.4a35da427640
KW  - Apologizing
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When a Gun Is Not a Gun - The New York Times
AU  - Barrett, Lisa
AU  - Wormwood, Jolie
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/V4GQQ257POE
DA  - 2015/04/17/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/19/opinion/sunday/when-a-gun-is-not-a-gun.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=c-column-top-span-region®ion=c-column-top-span-region&WT.nav=c-column-top-span-region
Y2  - 2017/06/09/14:20:03
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources and Remedies
AU  - Forest, Brian
AB  - Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences book of the year, 2006 From book review by Stoddard: "Forst concludes his book by discussing the state of legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Legitimacy of the criminal justice system is of the utmost importance. When the public perceives the justice system as illegitimate, the system can potentially break down. For example, when confidence in the police is shaken, individuals are less likely to work with the police by reporting crime and when courts are perceived as illegitimate, individuals are less likely to abide by their decisions and decrees. For Forst, errors of justice significantly contribute to the public perception of the criminal justice system. Thus, the proper course of action is to systematically study errors of justice and develop successful strategies to minimize their occurrence." http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol14is2/stoddard.pdf
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
PB  - Cambridge University
N1  - <p>Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources and Remedies</p>
N1  - <p>Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources and Remedies</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Constitutional Regulation of Forensic Evidence
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
AB  - The Constitution increasingly regulates the use of forensic evidence in criminal cases. This is a remarkable shift. In decades past, the U.S. Supreme Court de
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/02/08/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2729435
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2729435
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:24:49
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2729435
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2729435
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2729435
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2729435
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Brandon L. Garrett
KW  - The Constitutional Regulation of Forensic Evidence
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - ENSURING A RELIABLE AND EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
AU  - Mahoney, Barry
AB  - Followup on 2003 AJS Conference: The project has been conducted by The Justice Management Institute (JMI), with funding from the Open Society Institute and with significant help from two collaborating organizations—the American Judicature Society (AJS) and the National Judicial College. JMI as an organization and I personally are deeply appreciative for the cooperation and support that we received from each of these organizations. The project was planned as a complement and follow-up to the National Conference on Preventing the Conviction of Innocent Persons conducted by the American Judicature Society in January 2003, in Alexandria, Virginia.1 Because several of the states that participated in the national conference had made significant progress in addressing key systemic issues underlying the problem of wrongful convictions of innocent persons, the workshop deliberately sought to build on those experiences— together with the experiences of other groups and organizations that have examined systemic flaws in criminal justice system operations—in planning this workshop.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
PB  - Justice Management Institute
N1  - <p>ENSURING A RELIABLE AND EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM</p>
N1  - <p>ENSURING A RELIABLE AND EFFECTIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Wisconsin Criminal Justice Study Commission Charter Statement
AU  - State Bar of Wisconsin, Marquette University
AU  - Law School, Wisconsin Attorney General’s Office and the
AU  - School, University of Wisconsin Law
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
UR  - http://law.wisc.edu/fjr/clinicals/ip/wcjsc/files/charter.pdf
N1  - <p>Wisconsin Criminal Justice Study Commission Charter Statement</p>
N1  - <p>Wisconsin Criminal Justice Study Commission Charter Statement</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Race and Prosecution in Manhattan
AU  - Kutate, Besiki, Tymas Whitney and Mary Crowley
AB  - Since 2005, the Vera Institute of Justice (Vera) has worked with chief prosecutors
from Charlotte, North Carolina; Milwaukee; San Diego; San Francisco; and Lincoln,
Nebraska—at their invitation—to analyze how and if discretionary decision
making in their offices contributes to disparate outcome
DA  - 2014/07//
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://archive.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/race-and-prosecution-manhattan-research-summary-v2.pdf
Y2  - 2017/03/13/17:46:21
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - When Innocence Is No Defense - The New York Times
AU  - Seaman, Julie
DA  - 2015/08//
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/opinion/when-innocence-is-no-defense.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region®ion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region
Y2  - 2017/06/05/16:44:37
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Compstat and The New Penology A Paradigm Shift in Policing?
AU  - Willis, James J.
AU  - Mastrofski, Stephen D.
T2  - British Journal of Criminology
AB  - Using fieldwork data collected at seven police agencies in the United States, this study asks ‘To what extent is the operation of Compstat, a recent and highly touted police management and accountability system, consistent with the new penology?’. Examining a multidimensional reform in an area (police innovation) that has been relatively neglected helps illuminate to what degree Compstat is part of a new trend in criminal justice, and it gives theoretical insight into how the applicability of the new penology's elements may vary across different institutional settings. Our findings suggested support for the new penology at a general level but this weakened significantly upon closer examination. This article then provides a broader theoretical explanation for this looseness of fit with our observations of Compstat's operation.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
SP  - 73
EP  - 92
SN  - 0007-0955
N1  - <p>Compstat and The New Penology A Paradigm Shift in Policing?</p>
KW  - big data
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Undercover Officers Ask Addicts to Buy Drugs, Snaring Them but Not Dealers
AU  - Goldstein, Joseph
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Defense lawyers and jurors have vigorously questioned a strategy by the New York Police Department that prizes the pursuit of the addicts who use drugs over the people who supply them.
DA  - 2016/04/04/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/05/nyregion/undercover-officers-ask-addicts-to-buy-drugs-snaring-them-but-not-dealers.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:28:12
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/05/nyregion/undercover-officers-ask-addicts-to-buy-drugs-snaring-them-but-not-dealers.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/05/nyregion/undercover-officers-ask-addicts-to-buy-drugs-snaring-them-but-not-dealers.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Vance, Cyrus R Jr
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Fire LItigators Need to Know.pdf
AU  - Lentini, John
T2  - SciTech Lawyer
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/liDriZV-uqM
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - Summer
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDM3MTI1ODAxNzUxNzI5OTYwOTQBaHNCVm9oWG1CZ0FKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/07/14/17:44:07
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS--WHO CONDUCTS THEM?
AU  - Black, Anne E.
AU  - Sutcliffe, Kathleen
AU  - Barton, Michelle
T2  - Fire Management Today
AB  - The article analyzes a study on the After-Action Review (AAR), a formal reflection process that asked four questions regarding fire-response operations to help groups in absorbing lessons from task. The study, conducted on 668 participants, reveals that the staff on prescribed fire, fire suppression and wildland fire use events utilize AARs around 74 per cent of the time. These AARs are conducted after each shift or after the incident.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 69
IS  - 3
SP  - 15
EP  - 17
SN  - 15548996
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=47531928&site=ehost-live
AN  - 47531928
N1  - <p>Summer2009<br/>AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS--WHO CONDUCTS THEM?<br/>Authors: Black, Anne E. 1 Sutcliffe, Kathleen 2 Barton, Michelle 3; Affiliations: 1: Social science analyst and ecologist for the Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station in Missoula; 2: Associate dean and the Gilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professor of Business Administration, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 3: Doctoral candidate at the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Subject: FIRE prevention; Subject: WILDFIRES; Subject: EMPLOYEES; Subject: FIRE extinction; Subject: FIRE fighters; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs</p>
N1  - <p>Summer2009<br/>AFTER-ACTION REVIEWS--WHO CONDUCTS THEM?<br/>Authors: Black, Anne E. 1 Sutcliffe, Kathleen 2 Barton, Michelle 3; Affiliations: 1: Social science analyst and ecologist for the Forest Service's Rocky Mountain Research Station in Missoula; 2: Associate dean and the Gilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professor of Business Administration, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 3: Doctoral candidate at the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Subject: FIRE prevention; Subject: WILDFIRES; Subject: EMPLOYEES; Subject: FIRE extinction; Subject: FIRE fighters; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs</p>
KW  - FIRE fighters
KW  - EMPLOYEES
KW  - FIRE prevention
KW  - WILDFIRES
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Woman Dies After Being Taken to Police Station From Hospital
AU  - Southall, Ashley
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A 34-year-old who was to appear for arraignment was found unconscious in her holding cell. The cause of death was not immediately determined.
DA  - 2016/12/08/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/19:24:35
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/woman-dies-police-station-hospital-brooklyn.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A6BEA46B1FCA720BEA29BB68E7724B15&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Metropolitan Transportation Authority
KW  - Staten Island (NYC)
KW  - Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (NYC)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Did the Police Officers in the Freddie Gray Case Act Reasonably?
AU  - Neyfakh, Leon
T2  - Slate
AB  - It depends on whether you think not following department policy is reasonable.
DA  - 2015/12/16/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/12/did_william_porter_the_cop_in_the_first_freddie_gray_trial_act_reasonably.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:27:14
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/12/did_william_porter_the_cop_in_the_first_freddie_gray_trial_act_reasonably.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/12/did_william_porter_the_cop_in_the_first_freddie_gray_trial_act_reasonably.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Good, Smart Cops Can Hold the Keys to Freeing Innocent Inmates
AU  - Bolanos, Luis
AB  - http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/05/27/wrongful-convictions-police-can-set-them-right
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Good, Smart Cops Can Hold the Keys to Freeing Innocent Inmates</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Good, Smart Cops Can Hold the Keys to Freeing Innocent Inmates</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chisholm, Flynn differ on 911 call study findings
AU  - John Diedrich and Ashley Luthern
T2  - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
AB  - Milwaukee District Attorney John Chisholm wasn't surprised by the central finding in a new study that 911 calls plummeted in black Milwaukee neighborhoods after the police beating of Frank Jude Jr. became public nearly 12 years ago.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/o3RMfWMlDW4
DA  - 2016/09/30/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/investigations/2016/09/30/chisholm-flynn-differ-911-call-study-findings/91271766/
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:20:35
L2  - http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/investigations/2016/09/30/chisholm-flynn-differ-911-call-study-findings/91271766/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - INVALID FORENSIC SCIENCE TESTIMONY AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
AU  - Neufeld, Peter J.
T2  - Virginia Law Review
AB  - THIS is the first study to explore the forensic science testimony by prosecution experts in the trials of innocent persons, all convicted of serious crimes, who were later exonerated by post-conviction DNA testing. Trial transcripts were sought for all 156 exonerees identified as having trial testimony by forensic analysts, of which 137 were located and reviewed. These trials most commonly included testimony concerning serological analysis and microscopic hair comparison, but some included bite mark, shoe print, soil, fiber, and fingerprint comparisons, and several included DNA testing. This study found that in the bulk of these trials of innocent defendants-82 cases or 60%-forensic analysts called by the prosecution provided invalid testimony at trial-that is, testimony with conclusions misstating empirical data or wholly unsupported by empirical data. This was not the testimony of a mere handful of analysts: this set of trials included invalid testimony by 72 forensic analysts called by the prosecution and employed by 52 laboratories, practices, or hospitals from 25 states. Unfortunately, the adversarial process largely failed to police this invalid testimony. Defense counsel rarely cross-examined analysts concerning invalid testimony and rarely obtained experts of their own. In the few cases in which invalid forensic science was challenged, judges seldom provided relief. This evidence supports efforts to create scientific oversight mechanisms for reviewing forensic testimony and to develop clear scientific standards for written reports and testimony. The scientific community can through an official government entity promulgate standards to ensure the valid presentation of forensic science in criminal cases and thus the integrity and fairness of the criminal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Virginia Law Review is the property of Virginia Law Review Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 97
SN  - 00426601
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=37583670&site=ehost-live
AN  - 37583670
N1  - <p>INVALID FORENSIC SCIENCE TESTIMONY AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS<br/>Garrett, Brandon L. 1 Neufeld, Peter J.; Affiliation: 1: University of Virginia School of Law; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); Subject Term: WITNESSES; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL investigation; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: PROCEDURE (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 97p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>INVALID FORENSIC SCIENCE TESTIMONY AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS<br/>Garrett, Brandon L. 1 Neufeld, Peter J.; Affiliation: 1: University of Virginia School of Law; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); Subject Term: WITNESSES; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL investigation; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: PROCEDURE (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 97p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - WITNESSES
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - CRIMINAL investigation
KW  - CRIMINOLOGY
KW  - FORENSIC sciences
KW  - PROCEDURE (Law)
KW  - Research
KW  - TRIALS (Law)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Bronx Precinct Where Killings Persist
AU  - Mueller, Benjamin
AU  - Baker, Al
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The death of a woman at the Mott Haven Houses in the 40th Precinct reveals a swirl of deeper dysfunction.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/aLrOavf6Kic
DA  - 2016/02/18/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/nyregion/in-a-bronx-police-precinct-homicides-persist-as-crime-drops-elsewhere.html
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:21:57
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/nyregion/in-a-bronx-police-precinct-homicides-persist-as-crime-drops-elsewhere.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8D36F345991F90061767285206C3302D&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/nyregion/in-a-bronx-police-precinct-homicides-persist-as-crime-drops-elsewhere.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8D36F345991F90061767285206C3302D&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/nyregion/in-a-bronx-police-precinct-homicides-persist-as-crime-drops-elsewhere.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8D36F345991F90061767285206C3302D&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/nyregion/in-a-bronx-police-precinct-homicides-persist-as-crime-drops-elsewhere.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8D36F345991F90061767285206C3302D&gwt=pay
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - South Bronx (Bronx, NY)
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Feliz-Volquez, Angel
KW  - Mott Haven (Bronx, NY)
KW  - Murder in the 4-0 (Series)
KW  - Series
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - New York State Model of Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention With Local Jails and Police Lockups (From Correctional Psychiatry, P 89-108, 1989, Richard Rosner and Ronnie B Harmon, eds. -- See NCJ-135571)
AU  - Landsberg, G.
AU  - Cox, J. F.
AU  - McCarty, D. W.
AU  - Paravati, M. P.
AB  - This chapter profiles the problem of jail and police lockup suicides and presents a cooperative interagency model that has been developed in New York State to address this issue. The jail suicide rate is three and one-half times greater than that of the general population according to Danto (1983). New York State used an interagency model to address this problem. The New York State Office of Mental Health Bureau of Forensic Services, the New York State Office of Mental Health Bureau of Evaluation Research, the New York State Commission of Correction Medical Review Bureau, and Ulster County Mental Health Services collaborated with a statewide advisory committee in the initial design of the crisis model for jails, lockups, and mental health agencies. The statewide advisory committee had representatives from various criminal justice and social service agencies. The suicide prevention model eventually adopted consists of four major components: policies and procedures, a training program for correctional/police staff, screening guidelines, and a mental health practitioner training manual. A cornerstone of the model is the screening process that was developed to help jail or police staff identify high-risk inmates. This process focuses on three groups of risk variables: the personal characteristics of the inmate, such factors as intoxication that enhance the risk level at the time of intake, and high stress situations. The implementation of the model requires close cooperation between mental health agencies and local detention/correctional facilities. 27 references
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
SP  - 20
N1  - <p>New York State Model of Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention With Local Jails and Police Lockups (From Correctional Psychiatry, P 89-108, 1989, Richard Rosner and Ronnie B Harmon, eds. -- See NCJ-135571)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - Plenum Press, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - *Suicide prevention (10136)
KW  - Program implementation (04861)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld tripped up the DNA experts
AU  - Parloff, Roger
T2  - The American Lawyer
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
SP  - 50
J2  - The American Lawyer
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - SANE Peer Review: What is It? Do We Need It?
AU  - Gorham C F N, B. S. N. R. N. C. Sane- A. Lisa
AU  - Brown, C. F. N.
T2  - Forensic Examiner, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 20 - 23, Spring 2008
AB  - This article reports on a literature review of research on SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner) peer review programs, followed by an outline of reasons for having SANE peer review programs and advice on how to start such a program. SANE programs are well established as a means of having specially trained nurses evaluate and treat patients who report sexual assaults. For the purposes of this article, SANE peer review is defined as the review of the sexual assault report by an expert in the field of sexual assault that would include review of the photo-documentation. Although it is generally accepted that a SANE program should have a well-defined and consistent peer review process, the literature review found only two scientific literature sources that mentioned peer review specific to SANE practice. The strongest reason for doing SANE peer review is for the educational benefit of the individual SANE and/or the entire team. Other reasons for peer review are to build trust that the SANE program produces unbiased and well-prepared reports. Peer reviewers also add objectivity to the SANE process, since they view the photographs and documentation of the examining SANE removed from interaction with the patient, which may cause SANE examiners to assume an advocacy role on behalf of the patient. In starting a SANE peer review program, issues to be addressed are the qualifications of the reviewer, the development of policy and procedure for the peer review process, the determination of who will coordinate the peer review process, and the establishment of a procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of the peer review process itself. A 6-item bibliography
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 4-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9726263?accountid=26333http://www.theforensicexaminer.com/archive/spring08/4/
N1  - <p>SANE Peer Review: What is It? Do We Need It?<br/>[M.S.] Date revised - 2009-06-10 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR247272; 247272</p>
KW  - Peer assessment (08372)
KW  - Rape investigation training (09677)
KW  - Rape investigations (08380)
KW  - Sexual assault trauma (09397)
KW  - Sexual assault victims (05204)
KW  - Victim medical assistance (05048)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Twenty-five years of groupthink theory and research: Lessons from the evaluation of a theory
AU  - Turner, Marlene E.
AU  - Pratkanis, Anthony R.
T2  - Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
AB  - In this paper, we examine the historical development of the groupthink model and discuss recent responses to the body of empirical evidence amassed on the model. We conclude by articulating general lessons implied by the evolution of research on the groupthink model.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 105
EP  - 115
SN  - 0749-5978
N1  - <p>Twenty-five years of groupthink theory and research: Lessons from the evaluation of a theory</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews: From a Culture of Blame to a Culture of Safety
AU  - Websdale, N.
AU  - Town, M.
AU  - Johnson, B.
T2  - Juvenile and Family Court Journal
AB  - This article argues that establishing domestic violence fatality review teams is an effective way of reducing domestic violence homicides. The article briefly outlines the scope and extent of domestic violence related deaths, discusses the history of domestic violence fatality reviews and presents several models that appear to be both effective and fair, emphasizing that these models are part of an emerging process that will take years to unfold. It recommends judicial leadership in promoting and establishing local review processes, particularly in jurisdictions where a unified family court or closely coordinated juvenile/family court exists. The article does not present a formula for conducting such reviews; communities will review domestic violence deaths in their own ways. By raising key questions and presenting workable models, the article attempts to contribute to the discussion about domestic violence fatality reviews within the framework of a culture of safety rather than a culture of blame. Tables, notes
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
VL  - vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 61
IS  - Spring
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/juvfc50&div=22&g_sent=1&casa_token=
N1  - <p>Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews: From a Culture of Blame to a Culture of Safety</p>
N1  - <p>Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews: From a Culture of Blame to a Culture of Safety</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Felony justice: An organizational analysis of criminal courts
AU  - Eisenstein, J.
AU  - Jacob, H.
AB  - Based on an organizational theory of court operations, this study examines factors that impact felony case processing and dispositions in Baltimore, Chicago, and Detroit in 1972-73. Abstract: Based in a theory of organizational dynamics, this study focuses on the interaction and decisionmaking processes of courtroom workgroups as the primary factor in the nature of case processing and outcomes. The courtroom workgroup includes judges, prosecutors, defense counsel, clerks, bailiffs, and to a limited extent, defendants. The study concludes that the interaction of these persons in common tasks determines the outcome of criminal cases. The researchers collected as much information about a sample of defendants in each city as they could find in unpublished court records. They also observed the activities of the courtroom workgroups for approximately 1 week in each courtroom. In addition to detailing the organizational model that underlies the study and the data collection procedures, chapters examine the work of preliminary-hearing courtroom workgroups, analyze trial workgroups as they choose between plea negotiations and trials, and examine the ways in which punishment results from invocation of the felony disposition process. The study found that the felony disposition process is essentially a political process, as it mirrors the distribution of political power in American society. The differences found in case processing and outcomes among the three cities was, in the judgment of the researchers, the result of complex interaction among participants in the courtroom workgroup as it operated in the context of a particular organizational environment governed by local and State ordinances, laws, rules, and traditions. The researchers identify certain areas where reform is needed and suggest which reform strategies are most likely to achieve the desired effects. Chapter notes and a subject index
DA  - 1977///
PY  - 1977
PB  - Little, Brown Boston
N1  - <p>Felony justice: An organizational analysis of criminal courts</p>
N1  - <p>Felony justice: An organizational analysis of criminal courts</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Drugs and the Warlike Administration of Justice
AU  - Czajkoski, E. H.
T2  - Journal of Drug Issues, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 125-129, Winter 1990
AB  - The concept of a "war" on drugs is attacked for its professional approach which is said to threaten democratic precepts. The complex programming of the LEAA with respect to preventive detention, aversive conditioning, various forms of electronic monitoring, dealing with the pre-criminal, alternative sentencing, enormous expansion of computerized records on individuals, and actual deployment of military resources is criticized for infringing on liberty and privacy. It is noted that the concept of guilty property has sometimes implicated our government itself and that "zero tolerance" postures have taken drug seizures to the ridiculous. Shortcuts in the way government administration deals with the citizenry, sting operations, and drug testing in the workplace are used to illustrate a tendency towards disregard of human rights. It is questioned why a trend of establishing "czars" is necessary to accomplish the government's work when quality circles and other forms of participatory management are gaining acceptance in business. A search for alternatives to the war mentality is urged.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9704569?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Drugs and the Warlike Administration of Justice<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR122553; 122553</p>
N1  - <p>Drugs and the Warlike Administration of Justice<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR122553; 122553</p>
KW  - *Drug law enforcement (04285)
KW  - Federal drug laws (01795)
KW  - Law Enforcement Assistance Admin (01255)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Wrongful Convictions in Brooklyn Due to 'Systemic Failures,' DA Says
AU  - Weiss, Murray
T2  - DNAinfo New York
AB  - DA Kenneth Thompson said the system, not just Det. Louis Scarcella, is to blame for bad convictions.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/IO2HGvhm7TE
DA  - 2016/04/18/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160418/gramercy/wrongful-convictions-brooklyn-due-systemic-failures-da-says
Y2  - 2017/04/28/
L2  - https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160418/gramercy/wrongful-convictions-brooklyn-due-systemic-failures-da-says
L2  - https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160418/gramercy/wrongful-convictions-brooklyn-due-systemic-failures-da-says
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Oklahoma officer who mistook gun for Taser charged in killing of black man | US news | The Guardian
AU  - Dart, Tom
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/oL4p6YOCJRw
DA  - 2015/04/14/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/13/tulsa-police-shooting-eric-harris-district-attorney-weighs-charges
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Annals of Medicine: When Doctors Make Mistakes
AU  - Gawande, Atul
T2  - NEW YORKER-NEW YORKER MAGAZINE INCORPORATED-
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
SP  - 40
EP  - 43
J2  - NEW YORKER-NEW YORKER MAGAZINE INCORPORATED-
SN  - 0028-792X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Military Police Soldiers Share OIF/OEF Experiences With the Regiment
AU  - Stone, Heather
T2  - Military Police
AB  - The article discusses the increasing importance of the after-action review process in the U.S. due to military police soldiers' involvement in the early phases of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom and preparations for deployment in support of the later phases of those military operations.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 29
EP  - 30
SN  - 08954208
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=18979066&site=ehost-live
AN  - 18979066
N1  - <p>Military Police Soldiers Share OIF/OEF Experiences With the Regiment<br/>Authors: Stone, Heather 1; Affiliations: 1: Executive officer, Department of Plans and Operations, US Army Military Police School, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri; Subject: MILITARY police; Subject: POLICE; Subject: IRAQ War, 2003-2011; Subject: ARMED Forces; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 2p</p>
KW  - ARMED Forces
KW  - IRAQ War, 2003-2011
KW  - MILITARY police
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Lead prosecutor apologizes for role in sending man to death row
AU  - Stroad, Marty
T2  - shreveporttimes.com
AB  - Stroud: Death penalty is 'abomination that continues to scar the fibers of this society'

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/cYkf5bGT5Kk
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/readers/2015/03/20/lead-prosecutor-offers-apology-in-the-case-of-exonerated-death-row-inmate-glenn-ford/25049063/
Y2  - 2017/06/12/21:10:32
KW  - Apologizing
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Benefits of Fewer NYPD Arrests
AU  - Ford, Matt
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - New York cops started a "virtual work stoppage" to protest Mayor Bill de Blasio. That might be a good thing for New Yorkers.
DA  - 2014/12/31/
PY  - 2014
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/12/the-benefits-of-fewer-nypd-arrests/384126/#ad-jump-ad-mobile-instream-1
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - QUALITY CONTROL IN POLICE WORK
AU  - Diamond, H.
T2  - POLICE CHIEF, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 40-44, FEBRUARY 1968
AB  - STAFF INSPECTIONS AND REPORT REVIEWS ARE CITED AS MODES OF QUALITY CONTROL IN POLICE OPERATIONS AND SERVICES.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1968///
PY  - 1968
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9821051?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>QUALITY CONTROL IN POLICE WORK<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR3796; 3796</p>
N1  - <p>QUALITY CONTROL IN POLICE WORK<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR3796; 3796</p>
KW  - Police internal affairs (04623)
KW  - Police internal investigations (00524)
KW  - Professionalization (04132)
KW  - Supervision (03948)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - TEAM POLICING - A MODERN APPROACH TO DECENTRALIZATION OF POLICE DECISION-MAKING
AU  - Peterson, J.
AU  - Pogrebin, M.
T2  - ABSTRACTS OF POLICE SCIENCE, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1-13, JANUARY - FEBRUARY 1977
AB  - THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE POSITIONS OF ADVOCATES OF POLICE DECENTRALIZATION, TRADITIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION, AND COMMUNITY CONTROL OF POLICE, AND DESCRIBES THE FEATURES OF TEAM POLICING APPROACHES TO DECENTRALIZATION. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEAM POLICING CONCEPT IS TRACED FROM ITS ORIGINS IN SCOTLAND SHORTLY AFTER WORLD WAR TWO, TO APPLICATION TO THE CONCEPT IN AMERICAN CITIES DURING THE 1960'S. THE SUCCESSFUL TEAM POLICING EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED IN HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS, IS DESCRIBED AS A CASE EXAMPLE OF THE TEAM POLICE CONCEPT, AND EXAMPLES OF THE FEATURES OF SUCCESSFUL TEAM POLICING APPROACHES ARE DRAWN FROM THIS CASE STUDY. BOTH EXTRAORGANIZATIONAL AND INTRAORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS ARE EXPLORED....DMC
CY  - Netherlands
DA  - 1977///
PY  - 1977
SP  - 13-13
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9858032?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>TEAM POLICING - A MODERN APPROACH TO DECENTRALIZATION OF POLICE DECISION-MAKING<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR40115; 40115</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Community control of police (04680)
KW  - Decentralization (04495)
KW  - Massachusetts (25000)
KW  - Police effectiveness (00582)
KW  - Police organizational structure (00095)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Kansas Gov. Signs Legislation to Curb Witness Misidentification
AU  - Innocence, Project
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - Law is result of leadership of Kansas law enforcement, prosecutorial communities; will lead police to implement eyewitness identification best practices.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/g09JroG4v20
DA  - 2016/05/11/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/kansas-governor-brownback-signs-law-legislation-aimed-preventing-witness-misidentification-top-contributor-wrongful-conviction/
Y2  - 2017/04/28/17:58:03
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/kansas-governor-brownback-signs-law-legislation-aimed-preventing-witness-misidentification-top-contributor-wrongful-conviction/
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/kansas-governor-brownback-signs-law-legislation-aimed-preventing-witness-misidentification-top-contributor-wrongful-conviction/
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Anatomy of a Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Simon, Dan
T2  - Conference Papers -- Law & Society
AB  - In this paper I analyze the case of Ronald Cotton, who was sentenced to life imprisonment plus 54 years at expiration for two incidents of burglary and rape. His conviction was affirmed by the state's highest court of appeals. The conviction was based primarily on the testimony of one the rape victims, Jennifer Thompson. Eleven years later, Cotton was exonerated on the basis of DNA evidence. Cotton's case has received public attention and has been the subject of a Frontline documentary. Jennifer Thompson has become an outspoken critic emphasizing the dangers of erroneous eyewitness identification. This case provides a useful vehicle for a post mortem of a faulty investigative and criminal process. There are no villains in this case, nor were there any freak occurrences. The actors--witnesses, investigators, prosecutors, judges and jurors--merely performed their functions in ordinary ways, all contributing to a mistaken verdict. I will analyze the crucial features of this case and highlight how experimental psychological research can help explain the likely contribution of each feature to the faulty outcome. This analysis gives good reason to propose that criminal justice policy makers pay closer attention to the findings of legal psychology. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 1
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=27211645&site=ehost-live
AN  - 27211645
N1  - <p>2005 Annual Meeting<br/>The Anatomy of a Wrongful Conviction<br/>Simon, Dan 1; Email Address: dsimon@law.usc.edu; Affiliation: 1: University of Southern California; Source Info: 2005 Annual Meeting, p1; Subject Term: LIFE sentences; Subject Term: BURGLARY; Subject Term: RAPE; Subject Term: SENTENCES (Criminal procedure); Subject Term: RAPE victims; People: COTTON, Ronald; People: THOMPSON, Jennifer; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>2005 Annual Meeting<br/>The Anatomy of a Wrongful Conviction<br/>Simon, Dan 1; Email Address: dsimon@law.usc.edu; Affiliation: 1: University of Southern California; Source Info: 2005 Annual Meeting, p1; Subject Term: LIFE sentences; Subject Term: BURGLARY; Subject Term: RAPE; Subject Term: SENTENCES (Criminal procedure); Subject Term: RAPE victims; People: COTTON, Ronald; People: THOMPSON, Jennifer; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - BURGLARY
KW  - COTTON, Ronald
KW  - LIFE sentences
KW  - RAPE
KW  - RAPE victims
KW  - SENTENCES (Criminal procedure)
KW  - THOMPSON, Jennifer
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Impact of Distributive and Procedural Justice on Correctional Staff Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment
AU  - Lambert, Eric G.
AU  - Hogan, Nancy L.
AU  - Griffin, Marie L.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 644 - 656, December 2007
AB  - This study examined the impact of distributive and procedural justice, two forms of organizational justice, on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Study findings support the contention that organizational justice (consisting of distributive and procedural justice) remains a significant dimension of the correctional work environment, shaping staff perceptions of job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Distributive justice, but not procedural justice, had a significant effect on job stress. Procedural justice, but not distributive justice, had a direct impact on job satisfaction. Both distributive and procedural justice significantly influenced staff organizational commitment. The results with distributive and procedural justice as the independent variables indicate that work environment stressors cause employees to develop more negative impressions of distributive and procedural justice within their organization or work unit. Correctional facilities are part of a multifaceted industry that significantly influences society today. The role of correctional officer is tough, demanding, and highly stressful, as well as the heart and soul of any correctional facility. While there is a significant body of research on the impact of the work environment on correctional staff, this study sought to expand this knowledge by examining the effects of distributive and procedural justice (dimensions of organizational justice) on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Tables, appendix and references
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 13
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9722452?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Impact of Distributive and Procedural Justice on Correctional Staff Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment<br/>Date revised - 2008-03-26 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Work attitudes (04546)
KW  - Correctional guards (05317)
KW  - Correctional officer stress (09758)
KW  - Correctional personnel (04658)
KW  - Correctional personnel attitudes (09021)
KW  - Correctional staff management (09759)
KW  - Corrections occupational stress (08703)
KW  - Morale (04131)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - SYMPOSIUM: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON BRADY AND OTHER DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS: WHAT REALLY WORKS?: PROFESSIONAL AND CONVICTION INTEGRITY PROGRAMS: WHY WE NEED THEM, WHY THEY WILL WORK, AND MODELS FOR CREATING THEM
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - Yeshiva University Cardozo Law Review
AB  - Prosecutorial offices, and the criminal justice system as a whole, can learn important lessons from recent reforms adopted by the medical profession to improve safety. Specifically, several organizational principles and practical remedies developed by the groundbreaking National Academies of Science study on improving hospital safety, To Err Is Human, can be readily transferred to the prosecutor's office.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 31
SP  - 2215
N1  - <p>SYMPOSIUM: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON BRADY AND OTHER DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS: WHAT REALLY WORKS?: PROFESSIONAL AND CONVICTION INTEGRITY PROGRAMS: WHY WE NEED THEM, WHY THEY WILL WORK, AND MODELS FOR CREATING THEM</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - National Registry of Exonerations
AU  - University of Michigan Law School
UR  - http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/NRE2012UPDATE4_1_13_FINAL.pdf
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:21:50
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rules to keep federal prosecutors in line revealed
AU  - Health, Brad
T2  - USA Today
DA  - 2015/03/03/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/03/03/justice-department-discovery-policies-released/24239225/
Y2  - 2017/06/13/19:01:41
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Rikers Drove My Innocent Patient to Plead Guilty
AU  - Buser, Mary E.
T2  - POLITICO Magazine
AB  - Understanding why reveals a lot about plea bargains, a brutal jail and our twisted justice system.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://politi.co/1W2lkDh
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:26:56
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/10/rikers-island-plea-bargains-213223
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/10/rikers-island-plea-bargains-213223
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - From Wisconsin to Georgia, police shooting investigations are changing (+video)
AU  - Jonsson, Patrik
T2  - Christian Science Monitor
AB  - In the past three days, three unarmed black men in three cities were shot by police. In two out of three cases, the shootings will be examined by an outside investigator as jurisdictions try to instill greater accountability.
DA  - 2015/03/10/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Christian Science Monitor
SN  - 0882-7729
UR  - http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2015/0310/From-Wisconsin-to-Georgia-police-shooting-investigations-are-changing-video
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - On DNA, prosecutors can’t handle the truth
AU  - Moran, David
T2  - Detroit News
AB  - Prosecutors often don’t want to know the whole truth in cases where DNA can exonerate

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/527w3r8BVM8
DA  - 2014/10/13/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.detroitnews.com/story/opinion/2014/10/13/dna-testing-michigan-courts/17056887/
Y2  - 2017/06/26/18:11:12
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Feeling ‘Dirty’ About Sentencing
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Retired Federal Judge Schira Scheindlin has said mandatory-minimum requirements made her feel "dirty." Other judges have joined the chorus of justice reformers who complain rigorous sentencing guidelines are unfair. But are they addressing the wrong problem?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/YuQ5Mc94wQo
DA  - 2017/03/07/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/07/feeling-dirty-about-sentencing/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Program Evaluations: Improving Operational Effectiveness and Organizational Efficiency (Part Two)
AU  - Lee, W. Dean
T2  - FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 13 - 18, January 2008
AB  - This article, the second part of a three part article, focuses on Phases 3 and 4 in a seven-step evaluation management program for law enforcement. Conducting program evaluations and implementing subsequent corrective actions will improve a program s operational effectiveness and an organization s efficiency. Evaluations provide key decisionmakers with the facts and opportunities to enhance their program s performance by streamlining plans, policies, and procedures; by successfully managing risks and realigning priorities; and by optimizing the use of critical resources. In Phase 3, the research design is written; this is the overall plan of evaluation on how the assessment will be performed to effectively collect, process, and present information. Changes in research design may be necessary as the evaluation evolves and new challenges are encountered. In general, the research design will include applicable research methods, measurement instruments, predefined perimeters, and scheduling milestones for completing each task. The plan of evaluation should take into consideration all appropriate information gathered during the previous two phases; evaluators should have a working knowledge of the unique features of the programs being evaluated, including applicable laws and regulations; the program s goal; committed resources; operational plans, policies, and procedures; output products and services; and documented outcome effects, such as crime reports and after-action reviews. In Phase 4, relevant facts and details based on evaluation requirements are gathered. Collection activities traditionally cover searches of databases, after-action reports, archival records, publications, press releases, and the Internet. When all relevant facts and figures have been collected, evaluators should consolidate the information by cataloging data into applicable distinct clusters for ease of analysis. The final three stages of evaluation management process will be covered in a future article. Tables, notes
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 6-6
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9730324?accountid=26333http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/leb.htm
N1  - <p>Program Evaluations: Improving Operational Effectiveness and Organizational Efficiency (Part Two)<br/>Date revised - 2008-01-01 SuppNotes - See NCJ-220677 for Part 1 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR243285; 243285</p>
N1  - <p>Program Evaluations: Improving Operational Effectiveness and Organizational Efficiency (Part Two)<br/>Date revised - 2008-01-01 SuppNotes - See NCJ-220677 for Part 1 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR243285; 243285</p>
KW  - *Organization studies (04179)
KW  - *Organizational theories (08928)
KW  - *Police organizational structure (00095)
KW  - *Program evaluation (02839)
KW  - *Testing and measurement (00959)
KW  - Law enforcement (01586)
KW  - Law enforcement costs (05431)
KW  - Law enforcement overview texts (09534)
KW  - Management (03977)
KW  - Management and administrative ed (00621)
KW  - Model programs (04691)
KW  - Operations (law enforcement (89084)
KW  - Program financing (02840)
KW  - Program monitoring (05194)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrong-side thoracentesis: lessons learned from root cause analysis
AU  - Miller, Kristen E.
AU  - Mims, Maisha
AU  - Paull, Douglas E.
AU  - Williams, Linda
AU  - Neily, Julia
AU  - Mills, Peter D.
AU  - Lee, Caryl Z.
AU  - Hemphill, Robin R.
T2  - JAMA Surgery
AB  - Importance: Despite the recognized value of the Joint Commission's Universal Protocol and the implementation of time-outs, incorrect surgical procedures are still among the most common types of sentinel events and can have fatal consequences.; Objectives: To examine a root cause analysis database for reported wrong-side thoracenteses and to determine the contributing factors associated with their occurrence.; Design, Setting, and Participants: We searched the National Center for Patient Safety database for wrong-side thoracenteses performed in ambulatory clinics and hospital units other than the operating room reported from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2011.; Main Outcomes and Measures: Data extracted included patient factors, clinical features, team structure and function, adherence to bottom-line patient safety measures, complications, and outcomes.; Results: Fourteen cases of wrong-side thoracenteses are identified. Contributing factors included failure to perform a time-out (n=12), missing indication of laterality on the patient's consent form (n=10), absence of a site mark on the patient's skin within the sterile field (n=12), and absent verification of medical images (n=7). Complications included pneumothoraces (n=4), hemorrhage (n=3), and death directly attributable to the wrong-side thoracentesis (n=2). Teamwork and communication failure, unawareness of existing policy, and a deficit in training and education were the most common root causes of wrong-side thoracentesis.; Conclusions and Relevance: Prevention of wrong-site procedures and accompanying patient harm outside the operating room requires adherence to the Universal Protocol and time-outs, effective teamwork, training and education, mentoring, and patient assessment for early detection of complications. The time-outs provide protected time and place for error detection and recovery.;
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1001/jamasurg.2014.146
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 149
IS  - 8
SP  - 774
EP  - 779
SN  - 2168-6262
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=24920222&site=ehost-live
AN  - 24920222
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20140801. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, IL : American Medical Association, [2013]-</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Aged
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Errors/adverse effects
KW  - Medical Errors/mortality
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Paracentesis/*adverse effects
KW  - Paracentesis/mortality
KW  - Patient safety
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Thoracostomy/*adverse effects
KW  - Thoracostomy/mortality
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How to Stop Overprescribing Antibiotics
AU  - Linder, Craig R. Fox , Jeffrey A.
AU  - Fox, Craig
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Doctors give them out far too often. But there are ways to stop that.
DA  - 2016/03/25/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/opinion/sunday/how-to-stop-overprescribing-antibiotics.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/18:51:40
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/opinion/sunday/how-to-stop-overprescribing-antibiotics.html?ref=opinion&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/opinion/sunday/how-to-stop-overprescribing-antibiotics.html?ref=opinion&_r=0
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Medicine and Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Antibiotics
KW  - JAMA Internal Medicine (Journal)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Kalief Browder, 1993–2015
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lR4N77g-yQ8
DA  - 2015/06/07/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/kalief-browder-1993-2015
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Time: The Kalief Browder Story - Season 1, Ep. 1 - Part 1 - The System - Full Episode | Spike
AU  - Spike.com
AB  - OFFICIAL WEBSITE. Watch the full episode online. Kalief Browder is seeking justice from New York City for his 3-Year imprisonment at Rikers Island and wrongful arrest. His Deposition proves to be treacherous and he is forced to answer questions about his troubled past.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.spike.com
ST  - Time
UR  - http://www.spike.com/episodes/6dgggk/time-the-kalief-browder-story-part-1-the-system-season-1-ep-101
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://www.spike.com/episodes/6dgggk/time-the-kalief-browder-story-part-1-the-system-season-1-ep-101
L2  - http://www.spike.com/episodes/6dgggk/time-the-kalief-browder-story-part-1-the-system-season-1-ep-101
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Who Can Police the Police?
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
AB  - Recent police killings have prompted a national conversation about the need for police reform.  Most conversation has concerned the types of reforms that might improve policing. Equal consideration should be given to which actors can most effectively pursue these reforms. In this Essay, I suggest three qualities that police reformers need to be effective: leverage over law enforcement agencies to demand reforms; motivation to improve policing; and resources to do their work. I use this framework to assess the efficacy of those most commonly called upon to reform the police, propose strengthening reformers in the areas in which they are lacking, and suggest ways in which reformers might collaborate to draw on their comparative strengths.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/11/25/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2711980
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2711980
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:26:05
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A penetrating analysis by Joanna Schwartz on police reform, the strengths and weakness of putative reformers, etc.  For me, the logic seems to extend beyond police reform to criminal justice in general.  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711980</a>
<div>Professor Schwartz writes:<br />
<div>"Viewing reformers characteristics in terms of leverage, motivation, and resources helps to illuminate their comparative strengths and weaknesses.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but limited resources---the DOJ and public entity liability insurers fall into this category.  Other reformers have strong motivations but limited leverage---civil plaintiffs, criminal defendants, and non-governmental actors should be included in this group.  Some reformers have lots of leverage but mixed motivations, including prosecutors and elected officials.  And some reformers' leverage, motivation, and resources are dependent on the elected officials responsible for creating them----blue ribbon commissions and civilian overseers."</div>
<div>The emphasis of this piece is on coercing the adoption of known reforms, not identifying system weaknesses that might require reform.  Still, the idea that some emergent reform efficacy might be generated by an all-stakeholders collaboration combining the strengths and compensating for the weaknesses of the participants is tantalizing.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ur" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Joanna C. Schwartz
KW  - Who Can Police the Police?
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Jared Remy case handling defended by DA
AU  - Lowerly, Wesley
AB  - In the aftermath of a domestic homicide in a Boston suburb, the Boston Globe devotes a couple of thousands words to trying to find someone to blame. (The defendant had been arraigned and released on personal recognizance with the DA's acquiescence the same day.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/08/17/jerry-remy-expresses-disgust-son-arrest-fatal-stabbing-girlfriend-jennifer-martel/T7icdVqgOos8SGZMVDFI5J/story.html
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Jared Remy case handling defended by DA</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Why Police Need Constructive Criticism
AU  - Noble, Seth Stoughton, Geoffrey Alpert, and Jeff
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - The mistrial in the Freddie Gray case reveals the value of helping officers learn from their mistakes.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/wecEo-P9m7s
DA  - 2015/12/23/
PY  - 2015
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/officer-porter-mistrial-police-culture/421656/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:06:04
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/officer-porter-mistrial-police-culture/421656/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/officer-porter-mistrial-police-culture/421656/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A systemic analysis of patterns of organizational breakdowns in accidents: A case from Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) operations
AU  - Kontogiannis, Tom
AU  - Malakis, Stathis
T2  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
AB  - Abstract: In recent years, many accident models and techniques have shifted their focus from shortfalls in the actions of practitioners to systemic causes in the organization. Accident investigation techniques (e.g., STAMP) have been developed that looked into the flaws of control processes in the organization. Organizational models have looked into general patterns of breakdown related to structural vulnerabilities and gradual degradation of performance. Although some degree of cross-fertilization has been developed between these two trends, safety analysts are left on their own to integrate this gap between control flaws and patterns of organizational breakdown in accident investigation. This article attempts to elaborate the control dynamics of the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) technique on the basis of a theoretical model of organizational viability (i.e., the Viable Systems Model). The joint STAMPâ€“VSM framework is applied to an accident from a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) organization to help analysts progress from the analysis of control flaws to the underlying patterns of breakdown. The joint framework may help analysts to rethink the safety organization, model new information loops and constraints, look at the adaptation and steering functions of the organization and finally, develop high leverage interventions.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 99
SP  - 193
EP  - 208
SN  - 09518320
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70872545&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>A systemic analysis of patterns of organizational breakdowns in accidents: A case from Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) operations</p>
N1  - <p>A systemic analysis of patterns of organizational breakdowns in accidents: A case from Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) operations</p>
KW  - CASE study (Research)
KW  - EMERGENCY medical services
KW  - HELICOPTER ambulances
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - On the trail with Don Berwick, candidate for governor - The Boston Globe
AU  - Levenson, Micael
AU  - 2014
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - He has been knighted by Queen Elizabeth II and rubbed elbows with the Dalai Lama. His medical work has reached 70 countries, tackling everything from tuberculosis in Peru to child mortality rates in Ghana. But that global acclaim didn’t count for much on a recent Thursday afternoon when Don Berwick walked under a white tent in Waltham where the annual chamber of commerce barbecue was in full swing. Smoke billowed from a grill. Frank Sinatra crooned on the sound system. As Berwick went from table to table, introducing himself to jewelry store clerks and realtors in golf shirts and sun dresses, he was met with blank stares. “You’re running for governor?” one woman said, looking up from her pasta salad. “On what ticket?”

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/toGppFnMbpM
DA  - 2014/09/03/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/09/02/trail-with-don-berwick-candidate-for-governor/P6cz7WqHSEeAVSbzMJIUFO/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/27/17:17:41
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why Some Problem Cops Don’t Lose Their Badges
AU  - Radnofsky, Louise
AU  - Elinson, Zusha
AU  - Emshwiller, John R.
AU  - Fields, Gary
T2  - Wall Street Journal
AB  - A Wall Street Journal examination shows how states allow some police officers to remain on the force despite misconduct.
DA  - 2016/12/30/
PY  - 2016
DP  - www.wsj.com
SE  - US
SN  - 0099-9660
UR  - http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066
Y2  - 2017/01/25/22:01:04
L2  - http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">A "bad apple" (cop, or defender, or prosecutor, or judge, but let's say cop) is the last actor in the chain and does something horrific.  Whack him.  But stop there and you fail to ask the people who hired him, trained him, provided his CV or failed to catch him to account for their decisions.  Whack him and leave it at that, and you're risking repetition.  The WSJ illustrates the number of things that might be changed if we concentrated on those "organizational accident" questions that put the wrong guy in the wrong place at the wrong time:  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066" target="_blank">http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-some-problem-cops-dont-lose-their-badges-1483115066</a></div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":ps" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
KW  - assault
KW  - crime
KW  - ferguson
KW  - general news
KW  - legal action
KW  - manslaughter
KW  - murder
KW  - national
KW  - officer shootings
KW  - officer-involved shootings
KW  - ois
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - police shootings
KW  - political
KW  - public security
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Miscarriage of justice review body told to be ‘less cautious’ in hard-hitting report | The Independent
AU  - Lefty, Mark
T2  - Independent
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/RTdDZj7jJzo
DA  - 2015/03/22/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/miscarriage-of-justice-review-body-told-to-be-less-cautious-in-hard-hitting-report-10125396.html
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Psychologist as Warden? Jail and Mental Illness Intersect in Chicago - The New York Times
AU  - Williams, Timothy
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/mXbaV5YWIE4
DA  - 2015/07/30/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/us/a-psychologist-as-warden-jail-and-mental-illness-intersect-in-chicago.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:16:43
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Bill Bratton's Rhetorical Reparations
AU  - Smith, Jamil
T2  - New Republic
AB  - What the NYPD commissioner's Black History Month remarks signify.
DA  - 2015/02/24/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://newrepublic.com/article/121143/what-do-nypd-commissioner-bill-brattons-black-history-month-signify
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After Ferguson, police consider 'tactical retreat' instead of force in certain cases | Law and order | stltoday.com
AU  - Byers, Christin
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/TOEsD4sZtds
DA  - 2015/01/24/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/after-ferguson-police-consider-tactical-retreat-instead-of-force-in/article_7fa34fed-9770-5860-ad10-4358b4523b76.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/15:36:48
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Tamir Rice Case, Many Errors by Cleveland Police, Then a Fatal One
AU  - Dewan, Shaila
AU  - Jr, Richard A. Oppel
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Miscommunications, tactical errors and institutional failures by the Cleveland police cascaded into one irreversible mistake: the shooting of a 12-year-old boy.
DA  - 2015/01/22/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/in-tamir-rice-shooting-in-cleveland-many-errors-by-police-then-a-fatal-one.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:18:27
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Cleveland (Ohio)
KW  - Garmback, Frank (1967- )
KW  - Loehmann, Timothy (1988- )
KW  - Rice, Tamir E (2002-14)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Probation May Sound Light, but Punishments Can Land Hard
AU  - Dewan, Shaila
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - One day Donyelle Hall was pulled over for speeding, which began an 18-month odyssey of mounting costs, repeated trips to court and time in jail.
DA  - 2015/08/02/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/us/probation-sounding-light-can-land-hard.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:14:18
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/us/probation-sounding-light-can-land-hard.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3E44A43681AB371E84C7212E2708C916&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/us/probation-sounding-light-can-land-hard.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3E44A43681AB371E84C7212E2708C916&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/us/probation-sounding-light-can-land-hard.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3E44A43681AB371E84C7212E2708C916&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/03/us/probation-sounding-light-can-land-hard.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3E44A43681AB371E84C7212E2708C916&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
KW  - States (US)
KW  - Baltimore (Md)
KW  - Alcoholics Anonymous
KW  - Bail
KW  - Drunken and Reckless Driving
KW  - Probation and Parole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Conviction: Perceptions of Criminal Justice Professionals Regarding the Frequency of Wrongful Conviction and the Extent of System Errors
AU  - Ramsey, Robert J.
AU  - Frank, James
T2  - Crime & Delinquency
AB  - This study examined the frequency of wrongful convictions within the criminal justice system. Drawing on a sample of 798 Ohio criminal justice professionals (police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges), the authors examine respondents' perceptions regarding the frequency of system errors (i.e., professional error and misconduct suggested by previous research to be associated with wrongful conviction), and wrongful felony conviction. Results indicate that respondents perceive system errors to occur more than infrequently but less than moderately frequent. Respondents also perceive that wrongful felony conviction occurs in their own jurisdictions in .5 percent to 1 percent of all felony cases, and in the United States in 1 percent to 3 percent of all felony cases. Respondents, however, specify an acceptable rate of wrongful conviction to be less than .5 percent. Findings thus indicate that criminal justice professionals perceive an unacceptable frequency of wrongful conviction and associated system errors and suggest that programs aimed at reducing system errors and improving professional conduct would be broadly accepted among criminal justice professionals. (Published Abstract) Tables, figure, notes, and references
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 436
EP  - 470
UR  - http://cad.sagepub.com/content/53/3/436.full.pdf+html
N1  - <p>Wrongful Conviction: Perceptions of Criminal Justice Professionals Regarding the Frequency of Wrongful Conviction and the Extent of System Errors</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Review Board Notes Rise in New York Police Officers’ False Statements
AU  - Goodman, J. David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The number of such statements noted in a report by the Civilian Complaint Review Board has grown in an age of easy and widespread recording of the police by civilians.
DA  - 2015/05/14/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/nyregion/civilian-board-notes-rise-in-false-statements-by-new-york-officers-in-2014.html
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:18:25
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/nyregion/civilian-board-notes-rise-in-false-statements-by-new-york-officers-in-2014.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=58653B52A56645DF988EA714A8AC83ED&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/nyregion/civilian-board-notes-rise-in-false-statements-by-new-york-officers-in-2014.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=58653B52A56645DF988EA714A8AC83ED&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/nyregion/civilian-board-notes-rise-in-false-statements-by-new-york-officers-in-2014.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=58653B52A56645DF988EA714A8AC83ED&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/15/nyregion/civilian-board-notes-rise-in-false-statements-by-new-york-officers-in-2014.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=58653B52A56645DF988EA714A8AC83ED&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Civilian Complaint Review Board
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - There's a Defense in Court That Has Saved People 1,862 Years in Prison — Here's How It Works
AU  - King, Jmilah
AB  - When communities rally for freedom.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://mic.com/articles/130479/this-defense-in-court-has-saved-people-1-862-years-in-prison
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:09:29
L2  - https://mic.com/articles/130479/this-defense-in-court-has-saved-people-1-862-years-in-prison#.0KoaigD19
L2  - https://mic.com/articles/130479/this-defense-in-court-has-saved-people-1-862-years-in-prison#.0KoaigD19
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Washington Can't Fix Broken Policing
AU  - Lynch, Timothy
T2  - The National Interest
AB  - Federal intervention allows local officials to evade responsibility.
DA  - 2016/04/17/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://nationalinterest.org/feature/washington-cant-fix-broken-policing-15699
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:18:24
L2  - http://nationalinterest.org/feature/washington-cant-fix-broken-policing-15699
L2  - http://nationalinterest.org/feature/washington-cant-fix-broken-policing-15699
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Death Penalty’s ‘Normal Accidents’
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - In the final days of this year’s Supreme Court term, Justice Stephen Breyer unexpectedly launched a new offensive against the American system of capital punishment. The offensive was announced in his dissenting opinion in a case upholding the legality of Oklahoma’s lethal injection protocol. Some commentators believed that Breyer was training his artillery on one [...]
DA  - 2017/06/05/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/16/2015-07-the-death-penaltys-normal-accidents/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:22:49
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/16/2015-07-the-death-penaltys-normal-accidents/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/16/2015-07-the-death-penaltys-normal-accidents/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - D.C. to pay $9.2 million in wrongful conviction - The Washington Post
AU  - Hsu, Spence
DA  - 2015/02/28/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/judge-orders-dc-to-pay-record-91-million-in-wrongful-conviction-case/2015/02/27/f54edaa6-beea-11e4-8668-4e7ba8439ca6_story.html?utm_term=.c15e8f08d862
Y2  - 2017/06/13/19:12:47
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Learning Organization
AU  - Cartwright, George
T2  - Law and Order, vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 71 - 75, September 2008
AB  - This article advocates law enforcement agencies using Peter Senge s concept of creating a learning organization in order to improve organizational effectiveness and enhance the recruitment and retention of personnel. In the early 1990s, Senge wrote about a learning organization. Three factors indicate whether or not an organization is a learning organization. First, in a learning organization, individual personnel view their current assignment in terms of how it contributes to the mission of the organization as a whole. Second, there is a balance between competition and cooperation among personnel. Competing ideas and efforts to excel energize an organization; however, communication of ideas must result in a cooperative consensus for action, followed by cooperation with coworkers in achieving the organization s mission. Third, a learning organization is persistent in reviewing research on best practices under a mindset that the organization can always improve on the framing of its mission and efforts to achieve that mission. The development of such a learning organization requires an investment in people, and investments take time to mature. Learning organizations develop in others the ability to analyze issues, which leads to a deeper understanding of the goals of the organization and how they can be achieved. Each individual in the organization feels he/she is part of an evolving organization, providing both an input of ideas and an output of action whose quality improves the overall quality of the organization s mission.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 5
N1  - <p>Learning Organization<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
N1  - <p>Learning Organization<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - Personnel retention (04079)
KW  - Police management training (09549)
KW  - Police staff recruitment (09805)
KW  - Recruitment (04134)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When Obama wouldn’t fight for science
AU  - Balko, Radley
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - The administration's capitulation to law enforcement on forensics reform is one of its biggest and most disastrous failures.
DA  - 2017/01/04/
PY  - 2017
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.d9c81d077769
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:54:32
N1  - <div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">Doyle: A polemical piece from Washington Post's Balko on forensic wars.  An advocacy piece, the tone heated, but the facts stated are accurate as far as I know.  (There may be other facts, not stated, that I am unaware of.)  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53</a>
<div>Without joining the battle here and now it does seem to provide an interesting reminder of the endemic potential for error (certainly including unintended error)  in investigation and adjudication, and the profoundly cultural and systemic  nature of the problem. There are reasons for various stakeholders to prefer an aura of infallibility (as medicine once did).  There is impingement of the downstream advocate-actors on the definition of the quality standards of the upstream scientist-actors.  (Balko would say "scientist"-actors.).  There is the capacity of the upstream scientist errors to divert downstream investigators and prosecutors off the rails.  There is the shortfall in defense bar expertise and funding required to catch errors or communicate the error rate.  </div>
<div>It would seem to be a mistake to understand all of this as a debate contained within the science silo; the science questions---as science---are relatively clear.  This is much more a question of downstream advocate-actors imposing (if only by blocking actions) their view of what is good-enough upstream science.  Somewhere in the middle are the investigators whose fact-finding mission is affected by this intervention.</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":zd" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">Doyle: A polemical piece from Washington Post's Balko on forensic wars.  An advocacy piece, the tone heated, but the facts stated are accurate as far as I know.  (There may be other facts, not stated, that I am unaware of.)  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53</a>
<div>Without joining the battle here and now it does seem to provide an interesting reminder of the endemic potential for error (certainly including unintended error)  in investigation and adjudication, and the profoundly cultural and systemic  nature of the problem. There are reasons for various stakeholders to prefer an aura of infallibility (as medicine once did).  There is impingement of the downstream advocate-actors on the definition of the quality standards of the upstream scientist-actors.  (Balko would say "scientist"-actors.).  There is the capacity of the upstream scientist errors to divert downstream investigators and prosecutors off the rails.  There is the shortfall in defense bar expertise and funding required to catch errors or communicate the error rate.  </div>
<div>It would seem to be a mistake to understand all of this as a debate contained within the science silo; the science questions---as science---are relatively clear.  This is much more a question of downstream advocate-actors imposing (if only by blocking actions) their view of what is good-enough upstream science.  Somewhere in the middle are the investigators whose fact-finding mission is affected by this intervention.</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":zd" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">Doyle: A polemical piece from Washington Post's Balko on forensic wars.  An advocacy piece, the tone heated, but the facts stated are accurate as far as I know.  (There may be other facts, not stated, that I am unaware of.)  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53</a>
<div>Without joining the battle here and now it does seem to provide an interesting reminder of the endemic potential for error (certainly including unintended error)  in investigation and adjudication, and the profoundly cultural and systemic  nature of the problem. There are reasons for various stakeholders to prefer an aura of infallibility (as medicine once did).  There is impingement of the downstream advocate-actors on the definition of the quality standards of the upstream scientist-actors.  (Balko would say "scientist"-actors.).  There is the capacity of the upstream scientist errors to divert downstream investigators and prosecutors off the rails.  There is the shortfall in defense bar expertise and funding required to catch errors or communicate the error rate.  </div>
<div>It would seem to be a mistake to understand all of this as a debate contained within the science silo; the science questions---as science---are relatively clear.  This is much more a question of downstream advocate-actors imposing (if only by blocking actions) their view of what is good-enough upstream science.  Somewhere in the middle are the investigators whose fact-finding mission is affected by this intervention.</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":zd" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">Doyle: A polemical piece from Washington Post's Balko on forensic wars.  An advocacy piece, the tone heated, but the facts stated are accurate as far as I know.  (There may be other facts, not stated, that I am unaware of.)  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53</a>
<div>Without joining the battle here and now it does seem to provide an interesting reminder of the endemic potential for error (certainly including unintended error)  in investigation and adjudication, and the profoundly cultural and systemic  nature of the problem. There are reasons for various stakeholders to prefer an aura of infallibility (as medicine once did).  There is impingement of the downstream advocate-actors on the definition of the quality standards of the upstream scientist-actors.  (Balko would say "scientist"-actors.).  There is the capacity of the upstream scientist errors to divert downstream investigators and prosecutors off the rails.  There is the shortfall in defense bar expertise and funding required to catch errors or communicate the error rate.  </div>
<div>It would seem to be a mistake to understand all of this as a debate contained within the science silo; the science questions---as science---are relatively clear.  This is much more a question of downstream advocate-actors imposing (if only by blocking actions) their view of what is good-enough upstream science.  Somewhere in the middle are the investigators whose fact-finding mission is affected by this intervention.</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":zd" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr">Doyle: A polemical piece from Washington Post's Balko on forensic wars.  An advocacy piece, the tone heated, but the facts stated are accurate as far as I know.  (There may be other facts, not stated, that I am unaware of.)  <a style="color: #1155cc;" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/01/04/when-obama-wouldnt-fight-for-science/?utm_term=.c16eed586c53</a>
<div>Without joining the battle here and now it does seem to provide an interesting reminder of the endemic potential for error (certainly including unintended error)  in investigation and adjudication, and the profoundly cultural and systemic  nature of the problem. There are reasons for various stakeholders to prefer an aura of infallibility (as medicine once did).  There is impingement of the downstream advocate-actors on the definition of the quality standards of the upstream scientist-actors.  (Balko would say "scientist"-actors.).  There is the capacity of the upstream scientist errors to divert downstream investigators and prosecutors off the rails.  There is the shortfall in defense bar expertise and funding required to catch errors or communicate the error rate.  </div>
<div>It would seem to be a mistake to understand all of this as a debate contained within the science silo; the science questions---as science---are relatively clear.  This is much more a question of downstream advocate-actors imposing (if only by blocking actions) their view of what is good-enough upstream science.  Somewhere in the middle are the investigators whose fact-finding mission is affected by this intervention.</div>
</div>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":zd" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Computers Are Harming Criminal Justice
AU  - Wexler, Rebecca
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Intellectual property claims keep relevant evidence out of court.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!search/%22how$20computers$20are$20harming%22/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6J3Rc-kULig/jgYY7RdqAwAJ
DA  - 2017/06/13/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/opinion/how-computers-are-harming-criminal-justice.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/13:44:54
N1  - <p>https://groups.google.com/forum/#!search/%22how$20computers$20are$20harming%22/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6J3Rc-kULig/jgYY7RdqAwAJ</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
KW  - Probation and Parole
KW  - Computers and the Internet
KW  - Sentences (Criminal)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘Unintentional’ Human Error Led to Airstrikes on Syrian Troops, Pentagon Says
AU  - Schmidt, Michael S.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - According to an official inquiry, the American-led attacks in September were conducted under the “good-faith belief” that the targets were Islamic State militants.
DA  - 2016/11/29/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html
Y2  - 2017/03/24/15:12:03
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C7B802CEA07BD9E0B3186D094DBE3FB1&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8FA50E057A00829773618743D43BEF9C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-us-airstrikes.html?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C7B802CEA07BD9E0B3186D094DBE3FB1&gwt=pay
KW  - Assad, Bashar al-
KW  - Free Syrian Army
KW  - Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
KW  - Russia
KW  - Syria
KW  - United States Defense and Military Forces
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Studying innocence: Advancing methods and data
AU  - Bonventre, C
AU  - Norris, R
AU  - West, E
T2  - Examining wrongful convictions: Stepping back, moving forward
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
SP  - 301
EP  - 319
J2  - Examining wrongful convictions: Stepping back, moving forward
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - So right it's wrong: Groupthink and the ubiquitous nature of polarized group decision making
AU  - Baron, Robert S.
T2  - Advances in experimental social psychology
AB  - This chapter introduces a ubiquity model of groupthink or Janis's model of groupthink that specifies a revised set of antecedent conditions to explain the reason for groupthink-like behavior occurring in mundane, temporary, and even minimal groups and yet is not an invariant feature of group decision making. It mentions that Janis's probing and insightful analysis of historical decision making was correct about the symptoms of groupthink and their relationship to outcomes, such as the suppression of dissent, polarization of attitude, and poor decision quality and yet wrong about the antecedent conditions. The frequent failure to verify the more ambitious of Janis's predictions regarding the causal role played by the model's antecedent conditions stem from the general prevalence of consensus seeking, group polarization, outgroup stereotyping, and the suppression of dissent in a wide array of group settings. After some 30 years of investigation, the evidence has largely failed to support the formulation's more ambitious and controversial predictions, specifically those linking certain antecedent conditions with groupthink phenomena.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 37
SP  - 219
EP  - 253
SN  - 0065-2601
N1  - <p>So right it's wrong: Groupthink and the ubiquitous nature of polarized group decision making</p>
N1  - <p>So right it's wrong: Groupthink and the ubiquitous nature of polarized group decision making</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - David Simon on Baltimore’s Anguish
AU  - Foundation, Joshua Roberts/Getty Images for the MacArthur
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - Freddie Gray, the drug war, and the decline of “real policing.”

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/AObxucaQHmM
DA  - 2015/04/29/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/29/david-simon-on-baltimore-s-anguish
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:27:17
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/29/david-simon-on-baltimore-s-anguish?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20150429-169#.OzK1aH2pt
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/29/david-simon-on-baltimore-s-anguish?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20150429-169#.OzK1aH2pt
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Policing, and promoting a culture of learning | UK Police News - Police Oracle
AU  - Curtis, Irene
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/d4YOVqksGdM
DA  - 2014/09/18/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.policeoracle.com/news/Comment/2014/Sep/05/Wrongdoing-and-doing-the-wrong-thing-in-policing_85371.html/features
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:59:13
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The staggering number of wrongful convictions in America
AU  - Gross, Samuel R.
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Many are never overturned.
DA  - 2015/07/24/
PY  - 2015
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-cost-of-convicting-the-innocent/2015/07/24/260fc3a2-1aae-11e5-93b7-5eddc056ad8a_story.html?postshare=9041454627827644&tid=ss_fb-bottom&utm_term=.411bc90d0c55
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:36:52
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-cost-of-convicting-the-innocent/2015/07/24/260fc3a2-1aae-11e5-93b7-5eddc056ad8a_print.html?postshare=9041454627827644&tid=ss_fb-bottom&utm_term=.411bc90d0c55
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-cost-of-convicting-the-innocent/2015/07/24/260fc3a2-1aae-11e5-93b7-5eddc056ad8a_print.html?postshare=9041454627827644&tid=ss_fb-bottom&utm_term=.411bc90d0c55
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Pentagon Details Chain of Errors in Strike on Afghan Hospital
AU  - Rosenberg, Matthew
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A report more than 3,000 pages long describes the errors that led to the 2015 strike in Kunduz that killed 42 people. Sixteen American officers have been punished.
DA  - 2016/04/29/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/world/asia/afghanistan-doctors-without-borders-hospital-strike.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:13:12
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/world/asia/afghanistan-doctors-without-borders-hospital-strike.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5C20313CB954026981B939C05ECCFAE1&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/world/asia/afghanistan-doctors-without-borders-hospital-strike.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5C20313CB954026981B939C05ECCFAE1&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/world/asia/afghanistan-doctors-without-borders-hospital-strike.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5C20313CB954026981B939C05ECCFAE1&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/world/asia/afghanistan-doctors-without-borders-hospital-strike.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5C20313CB954026981B939C05ECCFAE1&gwt=pay
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - United States Defense and Military Forces
KW  - Afghanistan
KW  - Civilian Casualties
KW  - Doctors Without Borders
KW  - Kunduz (Afghanistan)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - From Silo to Silo: What Makes Criminal Justice System Operate Like a System
AU  - Barakov, Elaine et al.
AB  - The criminal justice system is an inherently local function. A crime is committed on a neighborhood
street. A person behaving erratically in the local park scares mothers with their children. A young
person, coming home from a night out at the local bar, crashes into a car at a traffic light. Municipal or
county law enforcement respond; criminal cases are prepared and handled by local prosecutors,
defenders, and judges; and the majority of convicted offenders serve their sentences in local jails or in
their communities under supervision by probation departments.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Hv-vEgfiZII
DA  - 2015/08/20/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.safetyandjusticechallenge.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/From-Silo-to-System-30-APR-2015_FINAL.pdf
Y2  - 2017/06/05/16:06:22
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police Training, Breaking all the Rules: Implementing the Adult Education Model Into Police Training
AU  - Charles, Michael T.
AB  - A 7-year study of the Police Training Institute at the University of Illinois focused on the change process in this setting, the process of implementing an adult education model into the police academy and in-service training, and to suggest ways to develop a standardized training design based on adult education principles. The study began in 1992. It consisted of numerous quasi-experimental and experimental research projects. These projects used participant observation, survey research, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher was also the Institute s new director and served as director/researcher through the study s completion in June 1999. The analysis focused on the history of training in Illinois, the total quality management established by the Institute s director as the major leadership technique, and the efforts to reengineer the Institute into a learning organization. The analysis also focused on the experiences and attitudes of the police recruits, and the experiences and attitudes of the instructional personnel and staff. Results revealed that the first major effort at organizational and cultural change was with the recruits and with discipline. Changes in the Institute s policies, procedures, and practices focused on making the Institute a learning organization. The standardization and integration of training became an overall goal of the institutional staff. Training trainers was crucial to this process, as well as an important element in enhancing instruction. The analysis concluded that the Institute achieved most of the goals established since 1992 and that an entire rethinking of the process of police training was necessary for training to be successful. The Institute s experience also demonstrated that change was continual, that the personnel had to continue to develop and change, and that commitment by organizational members was the central element in the successes obtained. Footnotes, index, and 191 references
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
SP  - 290
SN  - 0-398-07098-9
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9862984?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Police Training, Breaking all the Rules: Implementing the Adult Education Model Into Police Training<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - Charles C Thomas, 2600 South First Street, Springfield, IL 62794 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - Police training programs (09810)
KW  - Change management (05376)
KW  - Program implementation (04861)
KW  - Adult education (00023)
KW  - Illinois (17000)
KW  - Models (04373)
KW  - Police inservice training (08987)
KW  - Police recruit training (09550)
KW  - Police training attitudes (09670)
KW  - Police training innovations (09616)
KW  - Police training needs assessment (09554)
KW  - Police training resources (09731)
KW  - Police training standards (09617)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - When It Comes To Police Reform, Insurance Companies May Play A Role
AU  - Kaste, Martin
T2  - Mornig Edition , NPR
AB  - There are limits to what the government can do, but it turns out that insurers look for ways to push police departments they cover to reduce risk.
DA  - 2016/04/01/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2016/04/01/472564258/when-it-comes-to-police-reform-insurance-companies-may-play-a-role
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - For Blacks Facing Parole in New York State, Signs of a Broken System
AU  - Schwirtz, Michael Winerip, Michael
AU  - Gebeloff, Robert
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A New York Times investigation of thousands of parole decisions in the state found that minorities faced marked disadvantages, underscoring a host of problems in the parole process.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Hh0T5NpSVvw
DA  - 2016/12/04/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=BDD9B18BD85A42C1B642B86B71661087&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B62DCF2CF27449A56D8BCD0DC1BD9814&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/04/nyregion/new-york-prisons-inmates-parole-race.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=BDD9B18BD85A42C1B642B86B71661087&gwt=pay
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Minorities
KW  - Series
KW  - Probation and Parole
KW  - Hispanic-Americans
KW  - New York State
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Race Behind Bars (Series)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Amid Conflicting Accounts, Trusting Darren Wilson - The New York Times
AU  - Bosman, Julie
AU  - Robertson, Campbell
T2  - New York Times
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/VB_QUQQfW9k
DA  - 2014/11/25/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/26/us/ferguson-grand-jury-weighed-mass-of-evidence-much-of-it-conflicting.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
Y2  - 2017/06/15/16:29:46
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - N.Y. State Pays $2 Million for Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Barron, James
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Michael Clancy spent nearly 11 years in prison before a judge overturned his murder conviction for a 1997 shooting in the Bronx.
DA  - 2012/10/01/
PY  - 2012
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/nyregion/ny-state-pays-2-million-for-wrongful-conviction.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/16:49:41
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/nyregion/ny-state-pays-2-million-for-wrongful-conviction.html?smid=fb-share
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/nyregion/ny-state-pays-2-million-for-wrongful-conviction.html?smid=fb-share
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/nyregion/ny-state-pays-2-million-for-wrongful-conviction.html?smid=fb-share
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/nyregion/ny-state-pays-2-million-for-wrongful-conviction.html?smid=fb-share
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - New York State
KW  - Clancy, Michael
KW  - Murders and Attempted Murders
KW  - Parkchester (Bronx, NYC)
KW  - Suits and Litigation
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Zimmerman Case, Self-Defense Was Hard to Topple
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/nyregion/the-cost-of-withholding-information-as-brooklyn-murder-cases-are-reviewed.html?src=rechp&_r=0 Doyle: "Here's an interesting NYT article analyzing the Zimmerman case in retrospect. It differs from the journalists' usual approach of telling what the safety experts call "the first story": the simplified who did what, here's the villain that is typical of media coverage, and instead takes (without using the term) an "organizational accident" approach, trying to identify, weigh, and account for the confluent small choices that led to the outcome."
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>In Zimmerman Case, Self-Defense Was Hard to Topple</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why Journalists (and Prosecutors) Should Heed the Rolling Stone Lesson
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Criminal justice journalists need the public's trust as much as the criminal justice system operators they cover.
DA  - 2015/04/28/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/28/2015-04-why-journalists-and-prosecutors-should-heed-the-roll/
Y2  - 2017/06/09/13:49:12
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/28/2015-04-why-journalists-and-prosecutors-should-heed-the-roll/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/28/2015-04-why-journalists-and-prosecutors-should-heed-the-roll/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Why Can’t We Stop Child Abuse?
AU  - Lepore, Jill
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - Government agencies have been trying to protect children for nearly two hundred years. Why have they failed?
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/02/01/baby-doe
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:46:47
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/02/01/baby-doe
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/02/01/baby-doe
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Charlotte Officer ‘Justified’ in Fatal Shooting of Keith Scott
AU  - Fausset, Richard
AU  - Blinder, Alan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A prosecutor said Wednesday that Officer Brentley Vinson will not face charges in the Sept. 20 shooting of Keith Lamont Scott, whose death set off days of unrest.
DA  - 2016/11/30/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/us/charlotte-officer-acted-lawfully-in-fatal-shooting-of-keith-scott.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/19:45:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/us/charlotte-officer-acted-lawfully-in-fatal-shooting-of-keith-scott.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=93D33B05CD1AAFFC226E754F18E6677B&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/us/charlotte-officer-acted-lawfully-in-fatal-shooting-of-keith-scott.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=93D33B05CD1AAFFC226E754F18E6677B&gwt=pay
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Charlotte (NC)
KW  - Murray, R Andrew
KW  - Scott, Keith Lamont (1973-2016)
KW  - Vinson, Brentley
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - More NYPD officers join ‘quota punishment’ lawsuit | New York Post
AU  - Sauchell
DA  - 2015/03/05/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://nypost.com/2015/03/05/more-nypd-officers-join-quota-punishment-lawsuit-2/
Y2  - 2017/06/13/18:55:14
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Police (and Communities) Need 'Broken Windows'
AU  - White, Michael
AU  - Fradella, Henry
AU  - Coldren, Chip
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The merger of “broken windows” policing with the widespread use of Stop, Question, Frisk (SQF) by the New York Police Department (NYPD) over the last 20 years has produced serious consequences—and for many critics, these tactics have become “dirty words.” Two years ago, in Floyd v. City of New York, a federal court concluded that [...]
DA  - 2015/08/11/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/11/2015-08-why-police-and-communities-need-broken-windows/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:38:15
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/11/2015-08-why-police-and-communities-need-broken-windows/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/11/2015-08-why-police-and-communities-need-broken-windows/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - NTSB: Metro has had a ‘severe learning disability’ when it comes to improving safety
AU  - Duggan, Paul
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Report on fatal Yellow Line smoke incident says the agency has failed to learn from prior events and recommendations.
DA  - 2016/05/03/
PY  - 2016
ST  - NTSB
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-report-on-fatal-2015-metro-smoke-incident-is-said-to-criticize-metro-first-responders-and-others/2016/05/02/a414f3d2-107e-11e6-8967-7ac733c56f12_story.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:09:46
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-report-on-fatal-2015-metro-smoke-incident-is-said-to-criticize-metro-first-responders-and-others/2016/05/02/a414f3d2-107e-11e6-8967-7ac733c56f12_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_metrontsb-635a%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.68659c37cfb8
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/ntsb-report-on-fatal-2015-metro-smoke-incident-is-said-to-criticize-metro-first-responders-and-others/2016/05/02/a414f3d2-107e-11e6-8967-7ac733c56f12_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_metrontsb-635a%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.68659c37cfb8
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Path to Exoneration
AU  - Gould, Jon B.
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
AB  - This article is the first systematic empirical study of how the American criminal justice system discovers and responds to factual error based on actual innocen
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2015/11/01/
PY  - 2015
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2694709
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2694709
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:01:47
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2694709
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2694709
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2694709
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2694709
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2694709
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2694709
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2694709
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2694709
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - criminal justice reform
KW  - empirical studies
KW  - exoneration
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Letters: Paths to Reliable Medical Justice
AU  - Times, New York
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/24/opinion/paths-to-reliable-medical-justice.html?src=recg
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Letters: Paths to Reliable Medical Justice</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - More DNA Problems Found in New York City Crime Lab
AU  - Goldstein, Joseph
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The failure to send dozens of samples to a state database has led to the discipline of two officials and was discovered during a review stemming from other errors in the lab.
DA  - 2013/01/31/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/16:39:25
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/nyregion/more-dna-problems-found-in-new-york-city-crime-lab.html?ref=todayspaper
KW  - Forensic Science
KW  - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
KW  - Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York
KW  - Prinz, Mechthild
ER  - 

TY  - MPCT
TI  - Forensic scientist hid backlog of 40 cases, delayed DNA testing for years
AU  - TEGNA
AB  - A forensic scientist at the Arizona state crime lab intentionally hid her backlog of cases for years, failed to test DNA submitted in 40 cases, and kept evidence from those cases in her possession, according to a DPS audit uncovered by a six-month investigation by our affiliate 12 News.
DA  - 2017/05/18/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.wcnc.com/news/dps-forensic-scientist-hid-backlog-of-40-cases-delayed-dna-testing-for-years/440735209
Y2  - 2017/05/19/
L2  - http://www.wcnc.com/news/dps-forensic-scientist-hid-backlog-of-40-cases-delayed-dna-testing-for-years/440735209
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - From the Senior Advisor: Systems, Errors, and Ethics
AU  - Feucht, Thomas
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - When something goes wrong, often our first instinct is to place blame. Whether the error occurs at our workplace, in our community, or in national affairs, we ask: Who is at fault? What rules were violated? Why did this slip through the cracks? Often these errors are not the fault of a single person or team, but of the entire system.

We all work within organizations and social “systems.” When bad things happen, we can quickly come to believe that a single individual—through ineptness, maliciousness, or just sloth—may be the prime cause of the error, the individual solely responsible. Our snap judgment is that someone didn’t do their job or didn’t do it well enough or zigged when they should have zagged. And, now, someone is going to get blamed.
DA  - 2015/12/01/
PY  - 2015
ST  - From the Senior Advisor
UR  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/from-the-senior-advisor-systems-errors-and-ethics/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:28:44
L2  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/from-the-senior-advisor-systems-errors-and-ethics/
L2  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/from-the-senior-advisor-systems-errors-and-ethics/
KW  - BLAME
KW  - SEI Publications
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - It’s No Accident: Advocates Want to Speak of Car ‘Crashes’ Instead
AU  - Richtel, Matt
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Activists are campaigning to change a 100-year-old mentality that they say trivializes the single most common cause of traffic incidents: human error.
DA  - 2016/05/22/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - It’s No Accident
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/23/science/its-no-accident-advocates-want-to-speak-of-car-crashes-instead.html
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/23/science/its-no-accident-advocates-want-to-speak-of-car-crashes-instead.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=7C21DDF5A3131242236AE6C8B38E5E8C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/23/science/its-no-accident-advocates-want-to-speak-of-car-crashes-instead.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=7C21DDF5A3131242236AE6C8B38E5E8C&gwt=pay
KW  - Deaths (Fatalities)
KW  - Drunken and Reckless Driving
KW  - Driver Distraction and Fatigue
KW  - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
KW  - Traffic Accidents and Safety
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Meet Jay Via: One bad cop, in one county, who did a whole lot of damage
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Pull at the threads of a single wrongful conviction, and legitimacy of our criminal justice system unravels
DA  - 2015/12/11/
PY  - 2015
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
ST  - Meet Jay Via
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2015/12/11/meet-jay-via-one-bad-cop-in-one-county-who-did-a-whole-lot-of-damage/?utm_term=.096d40a53ff1
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:35:06
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2015/12/11/meet-jay-via-one-bad-cop-in-one-county-who-did-a-whole-lot-of-damage/?utm_term=.096d40a53ff1
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After Christopher Dorner’s rampage, how to build community trust in police
AU  - Dutta, Sunil
AU  - Dutta, Sunil
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Outside groups should look into
DA  - 2013/02/15/
PY  - 2013
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_story.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
Y2  - 2017/02/23/16:51:37
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/after-christopher-dorners-rampage-how-to-build-community-trust-in-police/2013/02/15/7a6f8482-76c8-11e2-8f84-3e4b513b1a13_print.html?hpid=z2&utm_term=.6ebb70f0c71f
N1  - <p>Date<br/>After Christopher Dorner’s rampage, how to build community trust in police</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>After Christopher Dorner’s rampage, how to build community trust in police</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police reform: Rethinking operational policing
AU  - Dean, Geoff
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
AB  - Argues that the work practices of operational police are often neglected on reform agenda. Model of the key policing processes, elements, and procedures for the investigation, analysis, and prevention of crime; Difficulties associated with carrying out operational reforms of police work.
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 337
SN  - 00472352
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9510033007&site=ehost-live
AN  - 9510033007
N1  - <p>Police reform: Rethinking operational policing<br/>Dean, Geoff; Source Info: 1995, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p337; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice planning; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL justice planning
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Disproportionate Risks of Driving While Black
AU  - Lafraniere, Sharon
AU  - Lehren, Andrew W.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - An examination of traffic stops and arrests in Greensboro, N.C., uncovered wide racial differences in measure after measure of police conduct.
DA  - 2015/10/24/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/18:45:34
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=785723DB0195A6E7140E0E17DFCE8B60&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=785723DB0195A6E7140E0E17DFCE8B60&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Minorities
KW  - Fayetteville (NC)
KW  - Greensboro (NC)
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Racial Profiling
KW  - Traffic and Parking Violations
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - When Systems Collide: Gwen’s Story
AU  - Cruz, Franklin
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The lack of coordination --and sometimes conflicts--between the various systems serving at-risk individuals exacts a high price,
DA  - 2016/06/17/
PY  - 2016
ST  - When Systems Collide
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2016/06/17/when-systems-collide-gwens-story/
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:25:04
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2016/06/17/when-systems-collide-gwens-story/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2016/06/17/when-systems-collide-gwens-story/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Wrongful Convictions Have Cost Texans More Than $93 Million
AU  - Tribune, The Texas
T2  - The Texas Tribune
AB  - Texas has paid 101 men and women who were wrongfully sent to prison $93.6 million over the past 25 years, state data shows. The tab stands to grow as those wrongfully imprisoned individuals age and more people join the list.
DA  - 2016/06/24/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:23:03
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
L2  - https://www.texastribune.org/2016/06/24/wrongful-convictions-cost-texans-over-93-million/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes
AU  - Janis, Irving Lester
DA  - 1982///
PY  - 1982
N1  - <p>Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Policing the Police
AU  - Nickelsberg, Robert
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - As the Justice Department pushes reform, some changes don't last.
DA  - 2015/04/23/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/23/policing-the-police
Y2  - 2017/06/09/14:02:50
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/23/policing-the-police?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20150423-165#.tpk4bnXLx
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/23/policing-the-police?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20150423-165#.tpk4bnXLx
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Fatal Errors: Compelling Claims of Executions of the Innocent in the Post-Furman Era
AU  - Lofquist, William S.
AU  - Harmon, Talia R.
T2  - Wrongful Conviction: International Perspectives on Miscarriages of Justice
A2  - Huff, C. Ronald
A2  - Killias, Martin
AB  - This chapter analyzes executions that occurred in the United States between 1972 and 2000 that involved compelling claims of factual innocence and a comparison group of cases during the same time period in which prisoners were released from death row due to doubts about their guilt, and examines the factors involved in cases resulting in execution compared with those resulting in exoneration. The debate over the number and identities of those with compelling claims of factual innocence among those who have been executed is certain to continue. The research presented in this chapter is much closer to the beginning of this debate than the end. It is intended to assist in defining the issue of executions of the innocent separate from but related to the issue of wrongful convictions, in framing the debate about this issue, and in providing a list of cases meriting careful consideration and further exploration. With wrongful convictions firmly secure as a central issue in death penalty discourse, it is time to take the next logical step in the scholarly and political debates regarding wrongful convictions: identifying and examining compelling claims of innocence that resulted in execution rather than exoneration. This research identified 16 individuals executed despite compelling claims of factual innocence among the 784 executions in the 30-year period beginning with the Furman decision in June 1972. References and list of cases cited
CY  - Philadelphia, PA
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 93
EP  - 115
PB  - Temple University Press
N1  - <p>Fatal Errors: Compelling Claims of Executions of the Innocent in the Post-Furman Era<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Language of summary - English Pages - 23 ProQuest ID - 9711628 Availability - 19122-6099 Last updated - 2012-09-06 Corporate institution author - Lofquist, William S; Harmon, Talia R DOI - NCJR247363; 247363</p>
N1  - <p>Fatal Errors: Compelling Claims of Executions of the Innocent in the Post-Furman Era<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Language of summary - English Pages - 23 ProQuest ID - 9711628 Availability - 19122-6099 Last updated - 2012-09-06 Corporate institution author - Lofquist, William S; Harmon, Talia R DOI - NCJR247363; 247363</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - State fumbled for answers while girl was in limbo - The Boston Globe
AU  - Ramos, Nestor
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - A Massachusetts girl’s reports of sexual abuse by her father were lost for years amid a hail of claims and counterclaims — something experts and advocates say is unsurprising in a probate and family court system ill-equipped to handle life-and-death cases.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1HTWa0F3L-Y
DA  - 2016/02//
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/30/think-mom-believes/gu9DSJKHyriBvO10offZPP/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:45:36
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/30/think-mom-believes/gu9DSJKHyriBvO10offZPP/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/30/think-mom-believes/gu9DSJKHyriBvO10offZPP/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Increasing the Accuracy of Criminal Justice Decision-Making
AU  - Neufeld, Sarah A. Crowley and Peter J.
T2  - Comparative Decision-Making Analysis
A2  - Crowley, Edited by Thomas R. Zentall and Philip H.
AB  - Publishers Abstract: This chapter addresses decision making by the U.S. criminal justice system. Documentation by the Innocence Project of more than 280 wrongful convictions exposes a serious systemic accuracy problem. Faulty evidence and procedural failures may be much more widespread than these uniquely conclusive DNA-based examples because of an overemphasis on achieving finality. The trade-off between making a decision sooner or more deliberately has relevance to many personal or institutional decisions. Here, there is the additional element that guilt or innocence is already a fact, and the process weighs evidence in an attempt to establish the truth of one or the other. Reaching a decision (finality) and reaching the right decision (accuracy) are both important to society, but the stigma of accusation and conviction, suffering of victims, and political and institutional pressure can bias the system toward finality. The authors propose systemic changes using methods employed in other institutions. Includes: Commentary 12.1. Roots of Wrongful Convictions by Brandon L. Garrett http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=u-oEkUXHtkgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA353&ots=VDvQJezfRx&sig=VfmsHuT9nyWvwG4uH7-FMfoL86w#v=onepage&q&f=false
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Increasing the Accuracy of Criminal Justice Decision-Making</p>
N1  - <p>Increasing the Accuracy of Criminal Justice Decision-Making</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Line Staff - Our Most Important Resource (From American Correctional Association - Proceedings, August 16-20, 1981, P 111-115, 1982, Julie N Tucker, ed. - See NCJ-85341)
AU  - Amos, M. C.
AB  - Major employee programs at Eastern Airlines are orientation, assessment centers that determine suitability for management, a biweekly newspaper for personnel, and the grouping of employees who work together and meet regularly to identify and resolve work problems. The employee orientation includes a film about Eastern's history and instruction in corporate goals, organization structure, rules and regulations, personal appearance and behavior, attendance requirements, availability of medical assistance and counseling, benefits, and promotion policies and opportunities. Trainers at select locations in the field provide refresher training and teach new programs and procedures to employees at their home stations throughout their careers as line staff. Assessment centers structure simulations that determine whether line employees seeking promotion to management have the management skills of problem analysis, judgment, organizing and planning, controlling and followup, initiative, oral communications, and leadership. The biweekly newspaper for employees contains news of recent promotions, significant transfers, service anniversaries, retirements, employee recreation council activities, industry matters, and other company news of interest. Quality circles, groups of employees who work together and meet regularly to identify, investigate, and resolve work problems, are trained in problemsolving techniques and make presentations to management on the problems they have identified and their proposed solutions. More than $3 milion in cost-saving improvements stemmed from the work of the first circles.
DA  - 1981///
PY  - 1981
SP  - 5
EP  - 5
N1  - <p>Line Staff - Our Most Important Resource (From American Correctional Association - Proceedings, August 16-20, 1981, P 111-115, 1982, Julie N Tucker, ed. - See NCJ-85341)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - American Correctional Assoc, 4380 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4322; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Available on microfiche as NCJ-85341 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR85356; 85356</p>
N1  - <p>Line Staff - Our Most Important Resource (From American Correctional Association - Proceedings, August 16-20, 1981, P 111-115, 1982, Julie N Tucker, ed. - See NCJ-85341)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - American Correctional Assoc, 4380 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4322; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Available on microfiche as NCJ-85341 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR85356; 85356</p>
N1  - <p>Line Staff - Our Most Important Resource (From American Correctional Association - Proceedings, August 16-20, 1981, P 111-115, 1982, Julie N Tucker, ed. - See NCJ-85341)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - American Correctional Assoc, 4380 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4322; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Available on microfiche as NCJ-85341 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR85356; 85356</p>
N1  - <p>Line Staff - Our Most Important Resource (From American Correctional Association - Proceedings, August 16-20, 1981, P 111-115, 1982, Julie N Tucker, ed. - See NCJ-85341)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - American Correctional Assoc, 4380 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4322; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Available on microfiche as NCJ-85341 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR85356; 85356</p>
KW  - Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Assessment centers (05038)
KW  - Correctional staff training (00214)
KW  - Staff development training (03241)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions, Policing, and the'Wars on Crime and Drugs'
AU  - Laqueur, Hannah
AU  - Rushin, Stephen
AU  - Simon, Jonathan Steven
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Thick Trail of Breadcrumbs Leads to Aspiring New York Police Officers - The New York Times
AU  - Wilson, Michael
T2  - New Yrok Times
DA  - 2015/03/06/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/07/nyregion/a-thick-trail-of-breadcrumbs-leads-to-aspiring-new-york-police-officers.html?mabReward=R2&action=click&pgtype=Homepage®ion=CColumn&module=Recommendation&src=rechp&WT.nav=RecEngine
Y2  - 2017/06/13/18:58:28
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Measurement Fails Doctors and Teachers
AU  - Wachter, Robert M.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Performance metrics in medicine and education are increasingly getting in the way of quality.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tUoqo59zUgo
DA  - 2016/01/16/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/opinion/sunday/how-measurement-fails-doctors-and-teachers.html
Y2  - 2017/05/15/17:24:11
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/opinion/sunday/how-measurement-fails-doctors-and-teachers.html?ref=opinion&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=54234C34994F56B5E56D1B335A64618B&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/opinion/sunday/how-measurement-fails-doctors-and-teachers.html?ref=opinion&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=54234C34994F56B5E56D1B335A64618B&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Health Insurance and Managed Care
KW  - Medicine and Health
KW  - Education (K-12)
KW  - Organized Labor
KW  - Performance Evaluations (Labor)
KW  - Teachers and School Employees
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - “They refuse to admit they were wrong”: How nightmare prosecutors pervert American justice
AU  - Parton, Heather Digby
T2  - Salon
AB  - In our messed-up culture, many fear conceding mistakes will cause the system to collapse. The truth is the opposite.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/j8nWIvc_G7s
DA  - 2014/09/10/
PY  - 2014
ST  - “They refuse to admit they were wrong”
UR  - http://www.salon.com/2014/09/10/%e2%80%9cthey_refuse_to_admit_they_were_wrong%e2%80%9d_how_nightmare_prosecutors_pervert_american_justice/
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:31:06
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - "Prosecutors and Errors of Justice,"
AU  - Forest, Brian
T2  - The Changing Role of the American Prosecutor
A2  - Nugent-Borakove, John L. Worrall and M. Elaine
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
PB  - SUNY-Albany Press
N1  - <p>"Prosecutors and Errors of Justice,"</p>
N1  - <p>"Prosecutors and Errors of Justice,"</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving criminal justice through better decision making: Lessons from the medical system
AU  - Mears, Daniel P.
AU  - Bacon, Sarah
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
AB  - Against a backdrop of unprecedented growth in the criminal justice system stand calls for increased government accountability, yet substantial gaps between ideal and actual practice remain. Many observers have pointed to the problem and some of its causes and solutions, including the need for performance monitoring and evidence-based practices. Less attention has been paid to how decision-making errors influence effective criminal justice practice. This article draws on examples from medicine, where decision making has been examined in more depth, and applies them to criminal justice. Its goals are to identify the types of decision-making errors that can undermine effective practice and policy in the criminal justice system, illustrate how systemic factors influence everyday decision making, and draw attention to the benefits of decision making-focused monitoring and assessment. The article concludes by discussing the implications for performance monitoring and improving the criminal justice system. [Copyright Elsevier Ltd.]
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 142
EP  - 154
SN  - 0047-2352, 0047-2352
N1  - <p>Improving criminal justice through better decision making: Lessons from the medical system</p>
N1  - <p>Improving criminal justice through better decision making: Lessons from the medical system</p>
KW  - Just culture
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Learning from Error
KW  - *Medicine
KW  - sociology of crime
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - First Responders: Ready or Not?
AU  - McDonald, Kathleen
AU  - McLaughlin, W. Sean
T2  - Law Enforcement Trainer, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 14 - 19, May/June 2003
AB  - This article discusses an online, national network of best practices and lessons learned for personnel that respond to acts of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and conventional terrorism. The National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) is implementing the Ready-Net program to improve preparedness nationwide. Local, State, and Federal response professionals will be able to tap into front-line expertise on the most effective planning, training, equipping, and operational practices for responding to terrorism. An integrated team is designing and developing the system, which will be accessible through a secure, Web-based portal and provided free of charge to authorized users. The online portal will serve as a systematic means for producing and maintaining a consistent record of exercises and events community-wide, and an information center of gravity for collecting and analyzing lessons learned and identifying best practices. It will also be a clearinghouse for anti-terrorism and consequence management information, and a tool for stakeholders to communicate and share information effectively. Inclusiveness and peer validation are the elements that distinguish this system from previous attempts to catalogue this data. The key to a successful launch, and long-term success of this program is active stakeholder participation. The team has collected hundreds of relevant reports and analyzed more than 100 tabletop and functional exercise after-action reports provided by the Office for Domestic Preparedness within the Department of Homeland Security. The Ready-Net launch is slated for late summer/early fall 2003.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 6-6
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9791272?accountid=26333http://www.aslet.org
N1  - <p>First Responders: Ready or Not?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR201731; 201731</p>
N1  - <p>First Responders: Ready or Not?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR201731; 201731</p>
KW  - Automated court systems (00083)
KW  - Automation (04329)
KW  - Data collection (04641)
KW  - Emergency procedures (03813)
KW  - Expert systems (10359)
KW  - Police response time (02083)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts
AU  - Tyler, T.
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
PB  - Russel Sage Foundation
UR  - https://www.russellsage.org/publications/trust-law
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:28:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tuskegee Study - Presidential Apology - CDC - NCHHSTP
AU  - Clinton, President Bill
DA  - 1997/05/16/
PY  - 1997
UR  - https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/clintonp.htm
Y2  - 2017/06/19/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Jurors Find Video Isn’t Providing 20/20 Vision in Police Shootings
AU  - Bosman, Julie
AU  - Smith, Mitch
AU  - Wines, Michael
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Video played a crucial role in recent trials of officers, but none ended in conviction. The evidence hasn’t been as clear cut as many had expected.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UmM71jzFVIg
DA  - 2017/06/25/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/25/us/police-shootings-trials-video-body-cam.html
Y2  - 2017/06/26/13:52:54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Injustice System: A Murder in Miami and a Trial Gone Wrong
AU  - Levintova, Hannah
T2  - Mother Jones
AB  - A review of the book "The Injustice System: A Murder in Miami & a Trial Gone Wrong," by Clive Stafford Smith is presented.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 37
IS  - 6
SP  - 63
EP  - 64
SN  - 03628841
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=82544509&site=ehost-live
AN  - 82544509
N1  - <p>The Injustice System: A Murder in Miami and a Trial Gone Wrong<br/>Levintova, Hannah; Source Info: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p63; Subject Term: BOOKS -- Reviews; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: INJUSTICE System: A Murder in Miami & a Trial Gone Wrong, The (Book); People: SMITH, Clive Stafford; People: MAHARAJ, Krishna -- Trials, litigation, etc.; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 168</p>
KW  - BOOKS -- Reviews
KW  - INJUSTICE System: A Murder in Miami & a Trial Gone Wrong, The (Book)
KW  - MAHARAJ, Krishna -- Trials, litigation, etc.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SMITH, Clive Stafford
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Justice After Injustice
AU  - Bazelon, Lara
T2  - Slate
AB  - What happens after a wrongfully convicted person is exonerated—and the witness finds out she identified the wrong man.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/eDC_NhCQpkQ
DA  - 2015/09/30/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/09/restorative_justice_for_false_convictions_crime_victims_and_exonerated_convicts.3.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:35:24
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/09/restorative_justice_for_false_convictions_crime_victims_and_exonerated_convicts.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/09/restorative_justice_for_false_convictions_crime_victims_and_exonerated_convicts.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Normalizing injustice: The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice
AU  - Bridges, Lee
T2  - Journal of Law and Society
AB  - A review of the Commission's specific proposals, to abolish a defendant's right to elect jury trial, to introduce open plea bargaining and other procedural inducements toward guilty pleas in the Crown Court, and to safeguard and extend the police's opportunities to obtain and use confessions against suspects, shows how it will normalise miscarriages of justice. It also bears responsibility for a reversal in the political climate over criminal justice from a state of crisis over system failure to the more usual moral panic over law and order.
DA  - 1994/03/21/
PY  - 1994
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
EP  - 38
SN  - 0263-323X, 0263-323X
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1036440375?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Normalizing injustice: The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice</p>
N1  - <p>Normalizing injustice: The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice</p>
KW  - Miscarriages of justice
KW  - UK
KW  - Royal Commission on Criminal Justice
KW  - Runciman Commission
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Travel Ban Could Be Just the Beginning of Upheaval for Airlines
AU  - Negroni, Christine
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The industry sees the new administration, which is considering privatizing air traffic control and reducing regulations, as having a disruptive influence on aviation.
DA  - 2017/02/08/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/business/air-traffic-control-privatization.html?emc=eta1
KW  - Reagan, Ronald Wilson
KW  - United States Politics and Government
KW  - Air Traffic Control
KW  - Airlines and Airplanes
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - House Committee on Transportation
KW  - JetSuite LLC
KW  - Regulation and Deregulation of Industry
KW  - Trump, Donald J
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Police Data Cast Doubt On Chicago-Style Stop-And-Frisk
AU  - Chip, Michell
AB  - What happened as Chicago officers focused on contact cards? A WBEZ probe finds that firearm seizures dropped, detectives solved fewer murders, and a decade-long decline in shooting victims ended.
DA  - 2016/05/04/
PY  - 2016
PB  - WBEZ
UR  - https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/police-data-cast-doubt-on-chicagostyle-stopandfrisk/d79738c6-b5a2-494d-acaf-e659969b3e6b
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:02:47
L2  - https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/contact-card-data-cast-doubt-on-chicagostyle-stopandfrisk/d79738c6-b5a2-494d-acaf-e659969b3e6b
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Elder abuse fatality review teams: A replication manual
AU  - Stiegel, L.
AB  - http://apps.americanbar.org/aging/publications/docs/fatalitymanual.pdf Note by Doyle: I'm posting a link to a large document which I'd encourage interested members to browse through. The Replication Manual details efforts to mobilize non-blaming, all-stakeholders, efforts to learn the lessons of elder abuse fatalities. Of particular interest are the documents from individual state demonstration projects that show "sharp-end" practitioners working through common challenges (which have local features.)
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
PB  - Chicago, IL: American Bar Foundation
UR  - https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/elder-abuse-fatality-review-teams-replication-manual
N1  - <p>Elder abuse fatality review teams: A replication manual</p>
N1  - <p>Elder abuse fatality review teams: A replication manual</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Gun crime incident reviews as a strategy for enhancing problem solving and information sharing
AU  - Hipple, Natalie Kroovand
AU  - McGarrell, Edmund F.
AU  - O’Brien, Mallory
AU  - Huebner, Beth M.
T2  - Journal of Crime and Justice
AB  - Over the last several decades, police departments and other criminal justice agencies have seen a shift toward a proactive problem-solving response to crime problems. This problem-solving orientation has often included an emphasis on expanded partnerships across criminal justice agencies as well as with a variety of community stakeholders, including researchers. This manuscript uses the issue of gun violence as a lens through which to examine the organizational and inter-organizational changes necessary to apply a data-driven, proactive, and strategic policing-led response to gun homicides and non-fatal shootings in four Midwestern sites. Each site adapted a unique data collection process and incident review. The data collection, incident reviews, and the varying models developed across the four cities, provide a reflection on corresponding organizational and inter-organizational changes that illuminate the movement toward this proactive, data-driven, problem-solving model of criminal justice. Fulfilling the promise of the incident reviews, however, requires internal organizational and cross-agency inter-organizational collaboration to align people, systems, and resources with this proactive, problem-solving model. Additionally, effectively implementing these organizational and inter-organizational changes appears dependent on commitment and leadership, collaboration and partnerships, data quality and availability, and training and communication within and across organizational boundaries.
DA  - 2017/01/02/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1080/0735648X.2016.1155303
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 50
EP  - 67
SN  - 0735-648X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2016.1155303
KW  - Citing the SEI
KW  - Fatality Reviews
KW  - Homicide Reviews
KW  - Incident reviews
KW  - gun violence
KW  - non-fatal shootings
KW  - problem solving
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Report of the Kaufman Commission on Proceedings Regarding Guy Paul Morin
AU  - Kauffman, F.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
UR  - http://www. attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/about/pubs/morin.
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Yes, America, We Have Executed an Innocent Man
AU  - Cohen, Andrew
T2  - The Atlantic
DA  - 2012/05/14/
PY  - 2012
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/05/yes-america-we-have-executed-an-innocent-man/257106/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Police faulted in death connected to domestic violence case - The Boston Globe
AU  - Ransom, Jan
AU  - Ellement, John
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Police officers Robert C. Boyle and William R. Hubbard have been on administrative duty since March, and could be suspended, officials said.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/_TZZQy03l14
DA  - 2015/11/04/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/05/police-faulted-death-connected-domestic-violence-case/jrj5a8gkeCcTjvQstcgbKM/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:51:08
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/05/police-faulted-death-connected-domestic-violence-case/jrj5a8gkeCcTjvQstcgbKM/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/05/police-faulted-death-connected-domestic-violence-case/jrj5a8gkeCcTjvQstcgbKM/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA and innocence scholarship
AU  - Scheck, Barry
AU  - Neufeld, Peter
T2  - Wrongly convicted: Perspectives on failed justice
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
SP  - 241
EP  - 52
J2  - Wrongly convicted: Perspectives on failed justice
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Fake Lab Report Could Land Alleged Rapist $150,000 Settlement
AU  - Wadsworth, Jennier
AB  - Note by Doyle: Here's a episode with numerous mistakes, all of which must have seemed like good ideas at the time. A police officer creates dummy lab reports to convince suspect they've got him cold; the ADA puts the (non-existent) author of the dummy reports on his witness list to convince the defendant that he'd better plead, etc. etc.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Fake Lab Report Could Land Alleged Rapist $150,000 Settlement</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - What's the Matter with Cumulative Error?: Killing a Federal Claim in Order to Save It
AU  - Semerad, Ryan
AB  - This note investigates the inefficacy of cumulative error claims raised by state death row inmates in their federal habeas corpus petitions. It surveys modern
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2015/04/15/
PY  - 2015
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2594786
ST  - What's the Matter with Cumulative Error?
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2594786
Y2  - 2017/05/25/19:56:54
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2594786
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2594786
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2594786
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2594786
KW  - AEDPA
KW  - cumulative error
KW  - federal habeas
KW  - federalism
KW  - state criminal justice systems
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - A Ghost of Mississippi: The Willie Manning Capital Case - The Atlantic
AU  - Cohen, Andrew
T2  - The Atlantic
DA  - 2015/05/02/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/05/a-ghost-of-mississippi-the-willie-manning-capital-case/275442/
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:46:09
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving Wrongful Conviction Review: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis of Continental Criminal Procedure
AU  - Saguil, Paul J.
T2  - Alta. L. Rev.
AB  - In this article, the author addresses the question posed by Professor and Dean of Social Ecology (University of Cal-ifornia -- Irvine) C. Ronald Huff: "Are some criminal justice systems more likely to produce wrongful convictions than others?" The author undertakes a comparative study of criminal procedure in France and Germany in order to critique and appraise the Canadian approach to wrongful conviction review. He argues that incorporating specific elements of Continental practice into our domestic procedures would substantially increase and improve the opportunities for cor-recting miscarriages of justice in Canada.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 45
SP  - 117
N1  - <p>Improving Wrongful Conviction Review: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis of Continental Criminal Procedure</p>
N1  - <p>Improving Wrongful Conviction Review: Lessons from a Comparative Analysis of Continental Criminal Procedure</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Dr. Amy Reed, whose own medical battle changed physicians’ practices, dies at 44 - The Boston Globe
AU  - Weintraub, Karen
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Shortly after giving birth to her sixth child, Dr. Reed underwent surgery to remove what was supposed to be a harmless cyst. But the surgeon used a device called a power morcellator that spread what were later discovered to be malignant cells throughout her abdomen.
DA  - 2017/05//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2017/05/25/amy-reed-whose-own-medical-battle-changed-physicians-practices/lP6dmwYV0tLpnJ62TLoqwM/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:02:43
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2017/05/25/amy-reed-whose-own-medical-battle-changed-physicians-practices/lP6dmwYV0tLpnJ62TLoqwM/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/obituaries/2017/05/25/amy-reed-whose-own-medical-battle-changed-physicians-practices/lP6dmwYV0tLpnJ62TLoqwM/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Safety Lapses and Deaths Amid a Building Boom in New York
AU  - Chen, David W.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - An increase in fatalities and injuries has mostly affected undocumented immigrant laborers and far exceeds the rate of new construction.
DA  - 2015/11/26/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/nyregion/rise-in-new-york-construction-deaths-strikes-the-poor-and-undocumented.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/nyregion/rise-in-new-york-construction-deaths-strikes-the-poor-and-undocumented.html?ref=nyregion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=CFD5CE7C1F28CED7884C3147803062FB&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/nyregion/rise-in-new-york-construction-deaths-strikes-the-poor-and-undocumented.html?ref=nyregion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=CFD5CE7C1F28CED7884C3147803062FB&gwt=pay
KW  - Deaths (Fatalities)
KW  - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Nation's Shame: The Injustice of Mandatory Minimums
AU  - Jones, Andrea
T2  - Rolling Stone
AB  - Lawyers, scholars and judges have criticized mandatory drug sentencing as oppressive and ineffective.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/mPhw361W_Lk
DA  - 2017/06//
PY  - 2017
ST  - The Nation's Shame
UR  - http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-nations-shame-the-injustice-of-mandatory-minimums-20141007
Y2  - 2017/06/26/21:39:44
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Big Data Needs Thick Data
AU  - Wang, Tricia
T2  - Ethnography Matters
AB  - Editor’s Note: Tricia provides an excellent segue between last month’s “Ethnomining” Special Edition and this month’s on “Talking to Companies about Ethnography.” She offers further thoughts building on our collective discussion (perhaps bordering on obsession?) with the big data trend. With nuance she tackles and reinvents some of the terminology circulating in the various industries that wish to make use of social research. In the wake of big data, ethnographers, she suggests, can offer thick data. In the face of derisive mention of “anecdotes” we ought to stand up to defend the value of stories.
DA  - 2013/05/13/
PY  - 2013
LA  - English
UR  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:49:57
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
L2  - http://ethnographymatters.net/blog/2013/05/13/big-data-needs-thick-data/
KW  - big data
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Police Cite Self-Defense as Sergeant Fatally Shoots Bronx Woman, 66
AU  - Mele, Christopher
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The sergeant, who was responding to a call of a woman acting irrationally, fired twice after she picked up a baseball bat and tried to strike him, the police said.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-d2bu50Y-XQ
DA  - 2016/10/18/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:43:25
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/nytnow/police-fatally-shoot-bronx-woman.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=EndOfArticle&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3D4D6CA463B9AD85626404D34F18603C&gwt=pay
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Attacks on Police
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Innocence Commissions and the Future of Post-Conviction Review
AU  - Wolitz, David
T2  - Arizona Law Review, Forthcoming
AB  - In the fall of 2006, North Carolina became the first state to establish an innocence commission – a state institution with the power to review and investigate individual post-conviction claims of actual innocence. And on February 17, 2010, after spending seventeen years in prison for a murder he did not commit, Greg Taylor became the first person exonerated through the innocence commission process. This article argues that the innocence commission model pioneered by North Carolina has proven itself to be a major institutional improvement over conventional post-conviction review. The article explains why existing court-based procedures are inadequate to address collateral claims of actual innocence and why innocence commissions, due to their independent investigatory powers, are better suited to reviewing such claims. While critics on the Right claim that additional review mechanisms are unnecessary or too costly, and critics on the Left continue to push for a court-based right to innocence review, the commission model offers a compromise that fairly balances the values of both finality and accuracy in the criminal justice system. At the same time, I argue, the North Carolina commission suffers from the tension – inherent in all expert agencies – between efficiency and discretion, on the one hand, and procedural fairness and accountability, on the other. I offer several suggestions for reform of commission procedures to help insure that none of these values is overwhelmed by the others. Overall, the record of the North Carolina commission demonstrates that the commission approach can provide justice where the traditional court system has failed, and, with the reforms I suggest here, it ought to be a model for states across the country.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 10
EP  - 22
N1  - <p>Innocence Commissions and the Future of Post-Conviction Review</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Air Midwest Flight 5481 - Public Apology
AU  - Baum, Hedlund, Aristei & Goldman, PC
AB  - On January 8, 2003, Air Midwest Flight 5481 crashed near Charlotte, North Carolina, killing all aboard. As in most commercial airlines cases, the individual families resolved their respective claims confidentially, and quietly moved on without further public comment until May 6, 2005 when, as a term of the settlement in Shepherd v. Air Midwest, et al., the president of Air Midwest publicly apologized to the families involved in that crash.
DA  - 2015/12/01/
PY  - 2015
DP  - YouTube
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPEM6JWUTUc
Y2  - 2017/06/19/
KW  - Air Midwest Flight 5481 (Aviation Incident)
KW  - Aviation (Industry)
KW  - Plane
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Foster v. Chatman: E-Racing the White Jury’s Constitutional Veneer
AU  - Goldfarb, P.
T2  - The George Washington Law Review
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/_5Xxroppa-0
DA  - 2016/05/29/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Foster v. Chatman
UR  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:37:37
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
L2  - http://www.gwlr.org/foster-v-chatman-e-racing-the-white-jurys-constitutional-veneer-examining-what-lies-beneath/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Judicial Error and Forensic Science: Pondering the Contribution of DNA Evidence (From Wrongful Conviction: International Perspectives on Miscarriages of Justice, P 33-55, C. Ronald Huff and Martin Killias, eds. -- See NCJ-225376)
AU  - Schiffer, Beatrice
AU  - Champod, Christophe
AB  - This chapter examines the contribution of forensic science as a catalyst of either enabling or detecting miscarriages of justice. Two cases were explored where scientific evidence played a critical role, both in leading to the first conviction, and also to the exoneration of the defendants. The first case allowed the discussion on the strength of identification evidence, especially when the means of identification rests on new possibilities or new technologies. In the second case, the Court of Appeal adopted a more open position to the admissibility of the evidence putting responsibility on the adversarial system. Both cases involve an appreciable contribution of forensic science as inculpatory and exculpatory evidence. New pieces of evidence and facts provide the evidence needed for successful appeal. With the advent of new techniques, forensic science allows for demonstrating errors without questioning the integrity of the legal system, being an extraneous factor to it. References
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 23-23
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9722724?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Judicial Error and Forensic Science: Pondering the Contribution of DNA Evidence (From Wrongful Conviction: International Perspectives on Miscarriages of Justice, P 33-55, C. Ronald Huff and Martin Killias, eds. -- See NCJ-225376)<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Language of summary - English Pages - 23 ProQuest ID - 9722724 Availability - Temple University Press, 1601 N. Broad Street, University Service Bldg., Room 305, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6099 Last updated - 2012-09-06 Corporate institution author - Schiffer, Beatrice; Champod, Christophe DOI - NCJR247360; 247360</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Plane crash investigations offer lessons on how to avoid deaths in police encounters
AU  - Barton, Gina
T2  - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
AB  - At a conference this week, members of law enforcement, aviation, aerospace and medicine discussed how cops can learn from others' mistakes.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/eEm6oHd11Ek
DA  - 2017/05/11/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/wisconsin/2017/05/11/plane-crash-investigations-offer-lessons-how-avoid-deaths-police-encounters/101461908/
Y2  - 2017/05/12/16:34:28
L2  - http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/wisconsin/2017/05/11/plane-crash-investigations-offer-lessons-how-avoid-deaths-police-encounters/101461908/
N1  - <p>https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/eEm6oHd11Ek</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
N1  - <p>https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/eEm6oHd11Ek</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
KW  - Incident reviews
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Instituting Innocence Reform: Wisconsin's New Governance Experiment
AU  - Kruse, Kate
T2  - Wisconsin Law Review
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 645
N1  - <p>Instituting Innocence Reform: Wisconsin's New Governance Experiment</p>
N1  - <p>Instituting Innocence Reform: Wisconsin's New Governance Experiment</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pilot error and its relationship with higher organizational levels: HFACS analysis of 523 accidents
AU  - Li, Wen-Chin
AU  - Harris, Don
T2  - Aviation, Space, And Environmental Medicine
AB  - Introduction: Based on Reason's model of human error, the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) was developed as an analytical framework for the investigation of the role of human error in aviation accidents. However, there is little empirical work that formally describes numerically the relationship between the levels and components in the model (the organizational structures, psychological precursors of errors, and actual errors).; Method: This research analyzed 523 accidents in the Republic of China (ROC) Air Force between 1978 and 2002 through the application of the HFACS framework.; Results: The results revealed several key relationships between errors at the operational level and organizational inadequacies at both the immediately adjacent level (preconditions for unsafe acts) and higher levels in the organization (unsafe supervision and organizational influences).; Conclusions: This research lends support to Reason's model that suggests that active failures are promoted by latent conditions in the organization. Fallible decisions in upper command levels were found to directly affect supervisory practices, thereby creating preconditions for unsafe acts, and hence indirectly impaired performance of pilots, leading to accidents. The HFACS framework was proven to be a useful tool for guiding accident investigations and developing accident prevention strategies.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 77
IS  - 10
SP  - 1056
EP  - 1061
SN  - 0095-6562
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=17042251&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>Pilot error and its relationship with higher organizational levels: HFACS analysis of 523 accidents<br/>17042251</p>
N1  - <p>Pilot error and its relationship with higher organizational levels: HFACS analysis of 523 accidents<br/>17042251</p>
KW  - Causality
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Accidents, Aviation*
KW  - Aviation/*manpower
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Better by Mistake: The Unexpected Benefits of Being Wrong
AU  - Tugend, Alina
AB  - A New York Times columnist delivers an eye-opening big idea: Embracing mistakes can make us smarter, healthier, and happier in every facet of our lives. In this persuasive book, journalist Alina Tugend examines the delicate tension between what we're told-we must ...
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - Riverhead Books (Hardcover)
SN  - 1-59448-785-5
N1  - <p>Better by Mistake: The Unexpected Benefits of Being Wrong</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Managing the Bottom Line: Risk Management in Policing
AU  - Archbold, Carol A.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
AB  - Purpose: To present qualitative data illustrating how some of the largest law enforcement agencies in the USA use risk management in their efforts to control police liability. Design/methodology/approach: To explore this topic, two main data sources were utilized: telephone interviews with 354 law enforcement agencies identified the prevalence of the use of risk management by police agencies; and survey data from police agencies provided descriptive information about the roles, duties, and placement of risk managers within each police organization. Findings: Telephone interviews revealed that 14 of the 354 (0.039 percent) law enforcement agencies identified risk management as one of several tools they use to control police-related liability within their organizations. This finding is surprising, given the increase in costs associated with settlements/payouts for police-involved litigation and liability claims over the past few decades. Research limitations/implications: Future research should identify the reasons why police agencies choose not to use risk management in their police liability management efforts. In addition, future research should explore how the characteristics of city government and/or political culture are associated with the use of risk management by law enforcement agencies. Practical implications: This paper can serve as a basic resource for police scholars and practitioners, city/county attorneys, risk managers, and various other city/county agents that are interested in learning about risk management as a way to manage police liability. Originality/value: This paper presents the first national study of risk management in police agencies in the USA. References. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 30
EP  - 48
SN  - 1363-951X, 1363-951X
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/57100665?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Managing the Bottom Line: Risk Management in Policing</p>
N1  - <p>Managing the Bottom Line: Risk Management in Policing</p>
N1  - <p>Managing the Bottom Line: Risk Management in Policing</p>
N1  - <p>Managing the Bottom Line: Risk Management in Policing</p>
KW  - Risk management
KW  - BLAME
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - liability
KW  - Policing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reality check for checklists
AU  - Bosk, Charles L
AU  - Dixon-Woods, Mary
AU  - Goeschel, Christine A
AU  - Pronovost, Peter J
T2  - The Lancet
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 374
IS  - 9688
SP  - 444
EP  - 445
J2  - The Lancet
SN  - 0140-6736
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When ‘Yelling Commands’ Is the Wrong Police Response
AU  - Pérez-peña, Richard
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - More officers are being taught to de-escalate tensions, particularly when facing people with diminished mental capacity, but experts say there is a long way to go.
DA  - 2016/09/29/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:08:35
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/30/us/when-yelling-commands-is-the-wrong-police-response.html?smid=fb-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=5BCF3B5793AF12E49666DA500C8B568F&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Abuse of the Disabled
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Intellectual Disabilities
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Innovations in Police Accountability: An Exploratory Study of Risk Management and Police Legal AdvisingDissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences
AU  - Archbold, Carol Ann
AB  - http://ileeta.org/Trainers_resources/RiskManag,PAInnovations.pdf This is the first study of the use of risk management and police legal advising to control police officer exposure to liability risks in some of the largest police agencies in the United States. More specifically, this study examines the prevalence of the use of risk managers and police legal advisors, some of the factors associated with the adoption, role, and perceived impact of such programs on police liability, professionalism, and accountability. The data used in this study comes from three sources including telephone interviews, surveys, and cases study site visits to three large law enforcement agencies that use risk management and police legal advising. Data analysis revealed several major findings including: (1) Half of all U.S. law enforcement agencies that employ 200+ sworn officers employ a person or group with legal advising and/or risk management experience to manage police liability within their agencies; (2) Most law enforcement agencies have implemented police legal advisors and/or risk managers out of necessity in order to respond to the changes in the legal environment; (3) Police legal advisors and risk managers work together with police management to alter department policies, police training, and supervision over line officers to manage officer exposure to liability risks; (4) Police legal advisors and risk managers serve both proactive and reactive roles within law enforcement agencies; and (5) Most risk managers and police legal advisors believe that they have some kind of financial impact on department costs related to police liability incidents, however, roughly one-third of the agencies do not keep records of their impact on police liability.
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 1138-A
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/60460141?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Innovations in Police Accountability: An Exploratory Study of Risk Management and Police Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2007-04-01 Journal announcement date - 2002 SuppNotes - Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA3044991. Last updated - 2011-12-15 CODEN - DABAA6 DOI - SA-306410079; 200306187; 0419-4209; DABAA6 First page - 1138 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Police; *Police Community Relations; *Accountability; *Risk; *Liability; *Advisors; *Lawyers</p>
N1  - <p>Innovations in Police Accountability: An Exploratory Study of Risk Management and Police Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2007-04-01 Journal announcement date - 2002 SuppNotes - Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA3044991. Last updated - 2011-12-15 CODEN - DABAA6 DOI - SA-306410079; 200306187; 0419-4209; DABAA6 First page - 1138 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Police; *Police Community Relations; *Accountability; *Risk; *Liability; *Advisors; *Lawyers</p>
N1  - <p>Innovations in Police Accountability: An Exploratory Study of Risk Management and Police Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2007-04-01 Journal announcement date - 2002 SuppNotes - Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA3044991. Last updated - 2011-12-15 CODEN - DABAA6 DOI - SA-306410079; 200306187; 0419-4209; DABAA6 First page - 1138 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Police; *Police Community Relations; *Accountability; *Risk; *Liability; *Advisors; *Lawyers</p>
N1  - <p>Innovations in Police Accountability: An Exploratory Study of Risk Management and Police Legal Advising<br/>Date revised - 2007-04-01 Journal announcement date - 2002 SuppNotes - Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA3044991. Last updated - 2011-12-15 CODEN - DABAA6 DOI - SA-306410079; 200306187; 0419-4209; DABAA6 First page - 1138 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Police; *Police Community Relations; *Accountability; *Risk; *Liability; *Advisors; *Lawyers</p>
KW  - BLAME
KW  - *Liability
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Help Thy Neighbor and Go Straight to Prison
AU  - Kristof, Nicholas D.
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/11/opinion/sunday/kristof-help-thy-neighbor-and-go-straight-to-prison.html?ref=opinion&_r=0 Is this a sentinel event? The United States Attorney says it is not a mistake or error. Still, that's a lot of money to invest in incarcerating a middle-aged guy for possession. Is this the sort of thing that should be the subject of all-stakeholders, non-blaming review?
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Help Thy Neighbor and Go Straight to Prison</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Help Thy Neighbor and Go Straight to Prison</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Court orders $18.5M for NYC man wrongfully convicted of rape - NY Daily News
AU  - Brown, Stephen Rex
DA  - 2015/02/26/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/court-orders-18-5-million-man-wrongfully-convicted-article-1.2130335
Y2  - 2017/06/13/19:15:37
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Kalief Browder, in His Own Words
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - Jennifer Gonnerman revisits her interviews with Kalief Browder, whose suicide last year called attention to the excessive use of solitary confinement in prisons.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/yR5jd5iSp14
DA  - 2016/06/03/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/kalief-browder-in-his-own-words
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:12:40
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/kalief-browder-in-his-own-words?mbid=nl_TNY%20Template%20-%20With%20Photo%20(45)&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=9011937&spUserID=MTA5MjQwODQ4NDY4S0&spJobID=940304486&spReportId=OTQwMzA0NDg2S0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Avoidance of groupthink
AU  - Miranda, Shaila M.
T2  - Small Group Research
AB  - Reviews antecedent and procedural conditions leading to groupthink and examines productive meeting processes than can prevent groupthink. Exploring the possible role that group support systems may play in the development of these productive meeting processes; Methods; Results; Conclusions.
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 105
SN  - 10464964
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9703176241&site=ehost-live
AN  - 9703176241
N1  - <p>Avoidance of groupthink<br/>Miranda, Shaila M.; Source Info: Feb94, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p105; Subject Term: GROUP decision making; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - GROUP decision making
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational culture and police misconduct
AU  - Armacost, Barbara E.
T2  - Geo. Wash. L. Rev.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 72
SP  - 453
N1  - <p>Organizational culture and police misconduct</p>
N1  - <p>Organizational culture and police misconduct</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Jails Have Become Warehouses for the Poor, Ill and Addicted, a Report Says
AU  - Williams, Timothy
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The study found that a majority of those in local and county jails are there for minor violations, and have been jailed for longer periods over the past 30 years because they are unable to pay court-imposed costs.
DA  - 2015/02/11/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/11/us/jails-have-become-warehouses-for-the-poor-ill-and-addicted-a-report-says.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Bail
KW  - MacArthur, John D and Catherine T, Foundation
KW  - Poverty
KW  - Vera Institute of Justice
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Man convicted in 1993 murder case to get new trial
AU  - Carragega, Christina
T2  - NY Daily News
AB  - A man convicted of murder in 1993 on the shaky testimony of a low-level drug dealer and a drug-addicted prostitute is getting a new trial.
DA  - 2017/03/27/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/man-convicted-1993-murder-case-new-trial-article-1.3010021
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:00:04
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/man-convicted-1993-murder-case-new-trial-article-1.3010021
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/man-convicted-1993-murder-case-new-trial-article-1.3010021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LEMONADE OUT OF LEMONS: CAN WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS LEAD TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM?
AU  - Bowman, Locke E.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
AB  - This article reviews the book "The Innocence Commission: Preventing Wrongful Convictions and Restoring the Criminal Justice System," by Jon B. Gould.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 98
IS  - 4
SP  - 1501
EP  - 1517
SN  - 00914169
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=36617378&site=ehost-live
AN  - 36617378
N1  - <p>Summer2008<br/>LEMONADE OUT OF LEMONS: CAN WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS LEAD TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM?<br/>Authors: BOWMAN, LOCKE E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Clinical Associate Professor of Law and Legal Director, Roderick MacArthur Justice Center, Northwestern University School of Law.; Subject: INNOCENCE Commission: Preventing Wrongful Convictions & Restoring the Criminal Justice System, The (Book); Subject: BOOKS -- Reviews; Subject: GOULD, Jon B.; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 17p</p>
N1  - <p>Summer2008<br/>LEMONADE OUT OF LEMONS: CAN WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS LEAD TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM?<br/>Authors: BOWMAN, LOCKE E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Clinical Associate Professor of Law and Legal Director, Roderick MacArthur Justice Center, Northwestern University School of Law.; Subject: INNOCENCE Commission: Preventing Wrongful Convictions & Restoring the Criminal Justice System, The (Book); Subject: BOOKS -- Reviews; Subject: GOULD, Jon B.; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 17p</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - BOOKS -- Reviews
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - GOULD, Jon B.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Gould, Jon B.
T2  - Criminal Justice Ethics
AB  - The author offers his view on the lessons of wrongful convictions. According to the author, similar bases were identified for the grievous mistakes in wrongful convictions. He says that the frailties in the American criminal justice process are difficult to confront and they warrant a coordinated and strategic reform effort.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 2
EP  - 2
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=35438599&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>Date<br/>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions<br/>0731129X<br/>1 Editorial Routledge Accession Number: 35438599; Gould, Jon B.; Source Info: Winter/Spring2008, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: EDITORIALS; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: ALTERNATIVE convictions (Law); Subject Term: REFORMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519110 News Syndicates; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>The Lessons of Wrongful Convictions<br/>0731129X<br/>1 Editorial Routledge Accession Number: 35438599; Gould, Jon B.; Source Info: Winter/Spring2008, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: EDITORIALS; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: ALTERNATIVE convictions (Law); Subject Term: REFORMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519110 News Syndicates; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial</p>
KW  - Editorials
KW  - ALTERNATIVE convictions (Law)
KW  - REFORMS
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - PRINCIPLES FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY:  A VISION OF PARTNERSHIP
AU  - Iowa Consortium for Mental Healt
AB  - Jails, prisons, and public safety, court, and community corrections services are part of the community, and customers of the community behavioral health system.   Deinstitutionalization of individuals with serious behavioral health conditions from prisons and jails should have equal priority to deinstitutionalization from state hospitals.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ZEkh9x4-Z2g
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/icmh/criminal/GAP_App_Principles.htm
Y2  - 2017/06/23/19:28:04
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - San Francisco lesson: to help police departments, less could be more
AU  - Mendoza, Jessica
T2  - Christian Science Monitor
AB  - The Justice Department frustrated critics who wanted a tough crackdown on San Francisco police. But a softer approach could help, too....

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5I_4GfYsLko
DA  - 2016/02/03/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Christian Science Monitor
SN  - 0882-7729
ST  - San Francisco lesson
UR  - http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2016/0203/San-Francisco-lesson-to-help-police-departments-less-could-be-more
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:38:42
L2  - http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2016/0203/San-Francisco-lesson-to-help-police-departments-less-could-be-more
L2  - http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2016/0203/San-Francisco-lesson-to-help-police-departments-less-could-be-more
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Report on Boeing 787 Dreamliner Battery Flaws Finds Lapses at Multiple Points - The New York Times
AU  - Mouawad, Jad
DA  - 2014/12/02/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/business/report-on-boeing-787-dreamliner-batteries-assigns-some-blame-for-flaws.html?hpw&rref=business&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region®ion=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well&_r=0
Y2  - 2017/06/15/16:25:51
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Applying psychology to criminal justice
AU  - Carson, David
AU  - Milne, Rebecca
AU  - Pakes, Francis
AU  - Shalev, Karen
AU  - Shawyer, Andrea
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Wiley Online Library
SN  - 0-470-01515-2
N1  - <p>Applying psychology to criminal justice</p>
N1  - <p>Applying psychology to criminal justice</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Eyewitness Identification Task Force: Report to the Judiciary Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly
AU  - Force, Eyewitness Identification Task
AB  - In 2011, Public Act No. 11-252, Section 2, created the Connecticut Eyewitness Identification Task Force, and mandated that it focus its efforts on: “The science of sequential methods of conducting a live lineup and a photo lineup, (2) the use of sequential lineups in other states, (3) the practical implications of a state law mandating sequential lineups, and (4) other topics as the task force deems appropriate relating to eyewitness identification and the provision of sequential lineups.”
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>February 8<br/>Eyewitness Identification Task Force: Report to the Judiciary Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly</p>
N1  - <p>February 8<br/>Eyewitness Identification Task Force: Report to the Judiciary Committee of the Connecticut General Assembly</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Solution to the Problem of Jail Suicide
AU  - Cox, J. F.
AU  - Morschauser, P. C.
T2  - Crisis, vol. 18, pp. issue, 1997
AB  - This article describes the comprehensive suicide prevention program for jails that has been implemented throughout upstate New York, a program that has resulted in a dramatic reduction in jail suicides during the past 13 years. In 1984 there were more than 300 county jails and police lockup facilities in counties outside of New York City; these upstate facilities housed approximately 7,500 inmates. Between 1983 and 1984, the number of suicides in these jails increased from 17 to 26. In addition, local jail administrators reported increased numbers of persons incarcerated with serious mental health problems and requested support from the State mental health system. Through the cooperation of corrections and mental health agencies, a task force was established to review the problem. The task force found that jails throughout the State lacked systemic strategies for identifying and responding to persons in local jails who presented a high suicide risk. In 1985 the State implemented a comprehensive suicide prevention program within its upstate local jail facilities. The program used key coordination strategies and risk-management service components. It addressed not only the immediate needs of inmates with high-risk profiles, but also focused on the impact of the stressful jail experience on this already vulnerable population. Despite a nearly 100- percent increase in the jail population, there has been more than a 150-percent decrease in jail suicides since program implementation. 2 tables, 1 figure, and 10 references
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
SP  - 7
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9786711?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Solution to the Problem of Jail Suicide<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - Inmate suicide (09783)
KW  - Jail management (09785)
KW  - Suicide prevention (10136)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving patient safety in hospitals: Contributions of high-reliability theory and normal accident theory
AU  - Tamuz, Michal
AU  - Harrison, Michael I.
T2  - Health Services Research
AB  - Objective: To identify the distinctive contributions of high-reliability theory (HRT) and normal accident theory (NAT) as frameworks for examining five patient safety practices.; Data Sources/study Setting: We reviewed and drew examples from studies of organization theory and health services research.; Study Design: After highlighting key differences between HRT and NAT, we applied the frames to five popular safety practices: double-checking medications, crew resource management (CRM), computerized physician order entry (CPOE), incident reporting, and root cause analysis (RCA).; Principal Findings: HRT highlights how double checking, which is designed to prevent errors, can undermine mindfulness of risk. NAT emphasizes that social redundancy can diffuse and reduce responsibility for locating mistakes. CRM promotes high reliability organizations by fostering deference to expertise, rather than rank. However, HRT also suggests that effective CRM depends on fundamental changes in organizational culture. NAT directs attention to an underinvestigated feature of CPOE: it tightens the coupling of the medication ordering process, and tight coupling increases the chances of a rapid and hard-to-contain spread of infrequent, but harmful errors.; Conclusions: Each frame can make a valuable contribution to improving patient safety. By applying the HRT and NAT frames, health care researchers and administrators can identify health care settings in which new and existing patient safety interventions are likely to be effective. Furthermore, they can learn how to improve patient safety, not only from analyzing mishaps, but also by studying the organizational consequences of implementing safety measures.;
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 41
IS  - 4 Pt 2
SP  - 1654
EP  - 1676
SN  - 0017-9124
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=16898984&site=ehost-live
AN  - 16898984
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Grant Information: 1P01HS1154401 United States HS AHRQ HHS Date of Electronic Publication: 20060801. Current Imprints: Publication: Malden, MA : Blackwell; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, Hospital Research and Educational Trust.</p>
N1  - <p>Grant Information: 1P01HS1154401 United States HS AHRQ HHS Date of Electronic Publication: 20060801. Current Imprints: Publication: Malden, MA : Blackwell; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, Hospital Research and Educational Trust.</p>
KW  - Risk management
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Hospital Administration*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Medical Order Entry Systems
KW  - Medication Systems, Hospital
KW  - Models, Theoretical*
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How Bad Prosecutors Cause Bad Policing
AU  - Pendergrass, Taylor
T2  - Slate
AB  - Prosecuting abusive cops is the least that district attorneys can do.
DA  - 2016/08/16/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:11:28
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2016/08/how_bad_prosecutors_cause_bad_policing.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Federal Role in the Innocence Movement in America
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - Despite its small contribution to the ranks of the exonerated, and more broadly its relatively small share of all criminal cases, the federal government has played a distinct and important role in fostering and shaping the innocence movement. This article recounts the various ways in which the federal government has done so: through high-profile measures to recognize the reality of wrongful convictions, direct funding of innocence work, use of federal purse strings to shape criminal justice policy, setting an example through legislation on matters as diverse as access to postconviction DNA testing and compensating the wrongly convicted, and leadership on issues such as the problems with the forensic sciences. The article concludes that, moving forward, the committed involvement of the federal government will remain important, especially in tackling such challenging problems as flawed forensic sciences and ensuring financial resources for innocence advocates.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673009
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 81
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673009
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673009
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673009
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential Unintended Consequences of the Movement Toward Forensic Laboratory Independence
AU  - Maguire, Edward et al.
T2  - Police Quarterly
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement: A Guide to Measuring the Triple Aim: Population Health, Experience of Care, and Per Capita Cost
AU  - Nolan, Stiefel
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/IHIWhitePapers/AGuidetoMeasuringTripleAim.aspx?hsCtaTracking=89d583fe-dce5-4ba1-a769-2b789ec484fc%7Cf9e31d5f-9969-4ceb-9dde-5d4114ceebe7&utm_campaign=triple-aim&utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_oMkk81s7XOMuMVBzp0OxZlxnYA5uYZS2Nc77IhnqSRFebJ5GMdHuDEJz9Ykt3PXd4yc9CUlWVnxpKR_TuTbpVdN0DGA&_hsmi=10109843&utm_source=hs_automation&utm_content=10109843
Y2  - 2017/05/26/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The New Tool That Could Revolutionize How We Measure Justice
AU  - Schwartzapfel, Beth
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - A small nonprofit gathers criminal justice statistics, one county at a time.
DA  - 2017/05/23/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/05/23/the-new-tool-that-could-revolutionize-how-we-measure-justice
Y2  - 2017/06/01/
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/05/23/the-new-tool-that-could-revolutionize-how-we-measure-justice?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sprout&utm_source=facebook#.y6tXewEm7
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/05/23/the-new-tool-that-could-revolutionize-how-we-measure-justice?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sprout&utm_source=facebook#.y6tXewEm7
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When Police Are Poor Role Models for One Another
AU  - Crystal, Joseph
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A federal report described what I saw while on the Baltimore police force: it has a culture that conveys an “us versus them” mentality.
DA  - 2016/08/15/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:18:13
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/opinion/when-police-are-poor-role-models-for-one-another.html?ref=opinion
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Baltimore (Md)
KW  - Police Department (Baltimore, Md)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Youth/Police Encounters on Chicago’s South Side: Acknowledging the Realities
AU  - Futterman, Craig B.
AU  - Hunt, Chaclyn
AU  - Kalven, Jamie
AB  - This paper highlights the critical importance of acknowledging the reality of Black teenagers’ experiences with the police. Public conversations about urban pol
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/03/23/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2754761
ST  - Youth/Police Encounters on Chicago’s South Side
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2754761
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:44:42
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2754761
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2754761
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2754761
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2754761
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Chaclyn  Hunt
KW  - Craig B. Futterman
KW  - Jamie  Kalven
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Between Guilt and Innocence, an Evolution in Fire Science
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - What carried three men into prison was not reliable evidence of an intentionally set blaze, but rather an investigation that was disconnected from the dynamics of actual fires.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/iw44_hN9pwc
DA  - 2015/12/16/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/nyregion/between-guilt-and-innocence-an-evolution-in-fire-science.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:31:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/nyregion/between-guilt-and-innocence-an-evolution-in-fire-science.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fabout-new-york&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2EF926067757F646110655616FBCABBE&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/nyregion/between-guilt-and-innocence-an-evolution-in-fire-science.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fabout-new-york&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2EF926067757F646110655616FBCABBE&gwt=pay
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Arson
KW  - Fires and Firefighters
KW  - Mora, Raymond
KW  - Mora, Raymond (d 1989)
KW  - Park Slope (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Vasquez, William
KW  - Vasquez, William (1945- )
KW  - Villalobos, Amaury
KW  - Villalobos, Amaury (1949- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Our criminal justice system is a disaster: The conversation we need to have after “Serial” - Salon.com
AU  - McEnroe, Colin
T2  - Salon
DA  - 2014/12/20/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.salon.com/2014/12/20/our_criminal_justice_system_is_a_disaster_the_conversation_we_need_to_have_after_serial/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=socialflow
Y2  - 2017/06/14/17:26:43
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Could 'actual innocence' save the broken US justice system?
AU  - Lussenhop, Jessica
T2  - BBC News
AB  - In St Clair County, Illinois, a prosecutor is trying a radical experiment: admitting he may have charged innocent people with crimes. It's a unique new kind of "innocence project".
DA  - 2016/04/21/
PY  - 2016
DP  - www.bbc.com
LA  - en-GB
SE  - US & Canada
UR  - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35971935
Y2  - 2017/04/28/19:14:29
L2  - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35971935
L2  - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35971935
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Wrongful Conviction with Jason Flom | reVolver Podcasts
AU  - Flom, Jason
AB  - Wrongful Conviction with Jason Flom is a podcast about tragedy, triumph, unequal justice and actual innocence.
UR  - http://www.revolverpodcasts.com/shows/wrongful-conviction-with-jason-flom/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The National Registry of Exonerations
AU  - Convictions, University of Michigan Law School and the Center on Wrongful
AB  - http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/NRE2012UPDATE4_1_13_FINAL.pdf Note by Doyle: For me this provides some evidence of the existence of a common ground that stakeholders can agree to enter and (here's the challenge) defend in discussing Sentinel Events. Putting aside the need for further discipline of, e.g., rogue prosecutors who hide exculpatory evidence, drunken defenders who sell out clients, etc., the Sentinel Events effort seems to promise at least a complementary way to give the good guys in the system something to do besides hunting down and punishing the bad guys.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>April 3<br/>The National Registry of Exonerations</p>
N1  - <p>April 3<br/>The National Registry of Exonerations</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Prosecutor’s Regret: How I Got Someone Life in Prison for Drugs
AU  - Images, Yvonne Hemsey/Getty
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - “At the end of my life, I’d like to know that I wasn’t responsible for Lewis Clay spending his final days in prison.”
DA  - 2016/04/08/
PY  - 2016
ST  - A Prosecutor’s Regret
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/04/07/a-prosecutor-s-regret-how-i-got-someone-life-in-prison-for-drugs
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:15:45
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/04/07/a-prosecutor-s-regret-how-i-got-someone-life-in-prison-for-drugs?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20160408-456#.0jXhqSeRF
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/04/07/a-prosecutor-s-regret-how-i-got-someone-life-in-prison-for-drugs?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20160408-456#.0jXhqSeRF
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Interoperable Communications Training and Exercises: Creating Processes, Tools, and Techniques
AU  - Stinson, Julie
AU  - Hawkins, Dan
AB  - After defining interoperability training, this report discusses training methods and delivery as well as the preparation and practice of communications interoperability exercises. Interoperable communications training is the process of instilling skills and improving performance of emergency responders through effective use of communications policies, procedures, and technologies. Such training prepares emergency responders to communicate effectively with personnel from multiple and diverse agencies involved in joint responses to catastrophic incidents. In discussing training methods and delivery for interoperable communications training, this report recommends training in context (training in the field under realistic job conditions); direct delivery (training provided by the communications technology or services vendor directly to an agency s staff); and training the trainer (training a select few agency representatives who will then train fellow employees). Audiences for interoperable communications training should include new recruits attending academies, current public safety first responders, personnel in emergency operation centers, dispatchers, support agencies, mutual aid partners, and representatives from other agencies within the same response area. Since exercises are a critical component of an agency s overall training program, this report recommends exercises for interoperable communications training. It describes discussion-based exercises and operations-based exercises. The report also outlines the work-flow elements for a readiness assessment for a training exercise. The work flow for an exercise readiness assessment involves interviews with participants; documentation of gaps in communications interoperability readiness; development of a tactical interoperable communications plan; development of a plan for tactical interoperable communications during the exercise; outreach and training support; the distribution of support equipment and information; conducting and evaluating the exercise; and producing an after-action report. 1 figure
CY  - United States
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 8
EP  - 8
PB  - Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
SN  - Issue Brief 4
UR  - https://cops.usdoj.gov/ric/Publications/cops-w0424-pub.pdfhttps://cops.usdoj.gov/ric/Publications/cops-w0424-pub.pdf
N1  - <p>Issue Brief 4 - Interoperable Communications Training and Exercises: Creating Processes, Tools, and Techniques<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Availability - US Dept of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), 1100 Vermont Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20530 SuppNotes - Issue Brief of the COPS Interoperable Communications Technology Program; downloaded November 26, 2008. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR246915; 246915</p>
KW  - Emergency procedures (03813)
KW  - Emergency communications (01930)
KW  - Emergency services training (09520)
KW  - Police emergency procedures (08859)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Criminal Law and Procedure Can Learn from Criminology
AU  - Harris, D. A.
T2  - Ohio St. J. Crim. L.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
UR  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/osjcl7&div=4&g_sent=1&collection=journals
N1  - <p>What Criminal Law and Procedure Can Learn from Criminology</p>
N1  - <p>What Criminal Law and Procedure Can Learn from Criminology</p>
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Shots Fired by POLICE Magazine
AU  - Police Magazine
AB  - Shots Fired is a monthly feature in POLICE Magazine where the author takes real police reports involving shots fired and brings the scenarios to life.
UR  - https://www.policemag.com/tags?tag=shots+fired
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Moving Beyond Bratton
AU  - Sparrow, Malcolm K.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The departing police commissioner William J. Bratton brought important innovations to New York. But the time has come to try new ideas.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/RyS7tls2Llg
DA  - 2016/08/08/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:49:50
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/opinion/moving-beyond-bratton.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Bratton, William J
KW  - O'Neill, James P
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Family Searches for Answers After a Woman Goes Missing From a Hospital
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Maria Dearmas, 58, went missing for three days after being discharged alone from a hospital that should have known she had schizophrenia and dementia.
DA  - 2015/11/12/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/nyregion/family-searches-for-answers-after-a-woman-goes-missing-from-a-hospital.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:40:07
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/nyregion/family-searches-for-answers-after-a-woman-goes-missing-from-a-hospital.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=mini-moth%C2%AEion=top-stories-below&WT.nav=top-stories-below&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=1E15332074E19FA9752D6F890D1E2D80&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/nyregion/family-searches-for-answers-after-a-woman-goes-missing-from-a-hospital.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=mini-moth%C2%AEion=top-stories-below&WT.nav=top-stories-below&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=1E15332074E19FA9752D6F890D1E2D80&gwt=pay
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Dearmas, Maria
KW  - Dementia
KW  - Manhattan (NYC)
KW  - Metropolitan Hospital Center
KW  - Missing Persons
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The flipside injustice of wrongful convictions: when the guilty go free
AU  - Acker, James R
T2  - Alb. L. Rev.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 76
SP  - 1629
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Elephants in the Courtroom: Examining Overlooked Issues in Wrongful Convictions Foreword
AU  - Acker, James R.
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine L.
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
T2  - Albany Law Review
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 79
SP  - 705
EP  - 716
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Elephants in the Courtroom
L4  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/PDFsearchable?handle=hein.journals/albany79&collection=journals%C2%A7ion=27&id=&print=section%C2%A7ioncount=1&ext=.pdf&nocover=
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Why law enforcement organizations fail: Mapping the organizational fault lines in policing
AU  - O'Hara, Patrick
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
PB  - Carolina Academic Pr
SN  - 1-59460-084-8
N1  - <p>Why law enforcement organizations fail: Mapping the organizational fault lines in policing</p>
N1  - <p>Why law enforcement organizations fail: Mapping the organizational fault lines in policing</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Mobile Tactical Trainers
AU  - Simon, Sam
T2  - Law Enforcement Technology, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 116, 118 - 120, August 2006
AB  - This article explains the features of the Mobile Tactical Trainer (MTT) manufactured by Anteon, and how it can be used to prepare and train law enforcement officers for a variety of operations. The MTT is a standard 40-foot shipping container modified by the vendor to become a building with doors, windows, stairs, and interior walls. The walls inside the container can be repositioned for various interior designs. Anteon installs integrated instrumentation in the containers. This instrumentation includes speakers that project a variety of sounds likely to be heard at an actual scene. A smell machine is also available for simulating various aromas at a particular scene. The integrated components are controlled by an operator as the trainees work through the simulated scene. All of the action inside and outside the container is recorded for the purpose of after-action review. Trainees can go into an audiovisual theater, also available from Anteon, to watch themselves in the performance of the training exercise. The MTT is suitable for training in techniques for clearing a building, countering an active shooter, the rescue of hostages, undercover drug/sting operations, dismantling a meth lab, and tactical or specialty team rehearsals. Since the MTT is mobile, a number of container units can be moved and placed in a variety of designs to simulate the design of various types of facilities, little effort is required to prepare a site for the MTT.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 4-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9799820?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Mobile Tactical Trainers<br/>Date revised - 2006-11-08 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR237303; 237303</p>
KW  - Police training programs (09810)
KW  - Police inservice training (08987)
KW  - Police training innovations (09616)
KW  - Police training resources (09731)
KW  - *Police simulation training (09725)
KW  - Police equipment (04323)
KW  - Police patrol training (09799)
KW  - Police rescue training (09665)
KW  - Police specialized training (09667)
KW  - Police training equipment (09728)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Mental illness and murder
AU  - Globe, The Boston
AU  - Rezendes, Michael
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Few have paid a higher price for the dismantling of the mental health care system than the loved ones of people with a serious mental illness.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/uwsFn8oGIbU
DA  - 2016/01/23/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:24:18
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/families/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cognitive Bias and Its Impact on Expert Witnesses and the Court
AU  - Dror, Itiel E
AU  - Justice, Bridget M McCormack
AU  - Epstein, Jules
T2  - The Judges' Journal
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
SP  - 8
J2  - The Judges' Journal
SN  - 0047-2972
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘It was fundamentally unfair.’ A prosecutor apologizes for his role in putting an innocent man on death row - The Washington Post
AU  - Berman, Mark
DA  - 2015/03/21/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/03/21/it-was-fundamentally-unfair-a-prosecutor-apologizes-for-his-role-in-putting-an-innocent-man-on-death-row/?utm_term=.535409cc8368
Y2  - 2017/06/18/03:20:21
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Quality Assurance Standards for Forensic DNA Testing Laboratories
AU  - FBI
AB  - This report presents standards which describe the quality assurance requirements that laboratories performing forensic DNA testing or utilizing the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) must follow to ensure the quality and integrity of data generated by the laboratory. The report begins with definitions of terminology used within the standards with the intent to better understand and clarify terminology meaning. Definitions are followed with quality assurance standards developed placing specific requirements on forensic DNA testing laboratories. Standards are presented in the areas of the quality assurance program, organization and management, personnel, facilities, evidence control, validation, analytical procedures, equipment calibration and maintenance, reports, review, proficiency testing, correction action, audits, safety, and outsourcing. These standards describe the quality assurance requirements that laboratories performing forensic DNA testing or utilizing the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) shall follow to ensure the quality and integrity of the data generated by the laboratory. These standards are effective July 1, 2009.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 44-44
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9711415?accountid=26333http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/oct2008/standards/standards01b.pdf
N1  - <p>Quality Assurance Standards for Forensic DNA Testing Laboratories<br/>Date revised - 2012-05-15 Availability - US Dept of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135 SuppNotes - Forensic Sciences Communications, V 10, N 4, October 2008; downloaded December 15, 2008. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR247082; 247082</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - *DNA fingerprinting (10178)
KW  - Crime laboratories (00262)
KW  - Crime laboratory management (09581)
KW  - Criminal justice terminology (09074)
KW  - Definitions (01163)
KW  - Firearm training (08467)
KW  - Illicit chemicals (04063)
KW  - Police standards (08827)
KW  - Quality control (04662)
KW  - Standards implementation (09096)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - From Error Toward Quality: A Federal Role in Support of Criminal Process
AU  - Doyle, James M.
AB  - ACS is pleased to distribute From Error Toward Quality: A Federal Role in Support of Criminal Process, an Issue Brief by James M. Doyle. Mr. Doyle is a lawyer in private practice with the Boston law firm of Carney & Bassil and the former head of the Public Defender Division of the Massachusetts Committee for Public Counsel Services, which is the statewide public defender agency.
CY  - Washington,  D.C.
DA  - 2010/07/26/
PY  - 2010
M3  - ACS Issue Brief
PB  - American Constitution Society
ST  - From Error Toward Quality
UR  - https://www.acslaw.org/issue_brief/briefs-2007-2011/from-error-toward-quality-a-federal-role-in-support-of-criminal-process/
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:13:33
L2  - https://www.acslaw.org/publications/issue-briefs/from-error-toward-quality-a-federal-role-in-support-of-criminal-process-0
L2  - https://www.acslaw.org/publications/issue-briefs/from-error-toward-quality-a-federal-role-in-support-of-criminal-process-0
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ReCASTing the RCA: an improved model for performing root cause analyses
AU  - Pham, Julius Cuong
AU  - Kim, George R.
AU  - Natterman, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Cover, Renee M.
AU  - Goeschel, Christine A.
AU  - Wu, Albert W.
AU  - Pronovost, Peter J.
T2  - American Journal Of Medical Quality: The Official Journal Of The American College Of Medical Quality
AB  - The root cause analysis (RCA) process is used to investigate adverse events. However, it may not reduce the risk of recurrence as effectively as intended. The authors propose adapting a risk prioritization and reduction process modeled after the Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST). The process involves the following: (a) increasing effectiveness of selected interventions by prioritizing each cause/contributing factor based on its role in the current sentinel event as well as in future events; interventions are then selected based on their ability to remediate the root causes/contributing factors and the likelihood of successful implementation; (b) measuring effectiveness of intervention implementation; and ( c) evaluating effectiveness of the interventions by measuring the rates of event recurrence, near misses, contributing factors, mitigating factors, and staff perceptions of risk. Teams that evaluate intervention effectiveness are independent of those that implement the intervention. This framework seeks to improve the RCA process and provide further insights into advancing patient safety.;
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1177/1062860609359533
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 186
EP  - 191
SN  - 1555-824X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=20460564&site=ehost-live
AN  - 20460564
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20100501. Current Imprints: Publication: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications; Original Imprints: Publication: Baltimore, MD : Williams & Wilkins, c1992-</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20100501. Current Imprints: Publication: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications; Original Imprints: Publication: Baltimore, MD : Williams & Wilkins, c1992-</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20100501. Current Imprints: Publication: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications; Original Imprints: Publication: Baltimore, MD : Williams & Wilkins, c1992-</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
KW  - Medical Staff, Hospital/*organization & administration
KW  - Models, Organizational*
KW  - Patient Care Team/organization & administration
KW  - Risk Management/*organization & administration
KW  - Total Quality Management/*organization & administration
KW  - Safety Management/*organization & administration
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Controversies in innocence cases in America
AU  - Cooper, Sarah Lucy
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 1-317-16003-7
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Institutional Integrity: The Four Elements of Self-Policing
AU  - Conditt, John H., Jr.
AU  - Ott, John E.
T2  - FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 18, November 2001
AB  - This article presents the four key elements within an internal disciplinary program, code of conduct, adjudication process, reporting process, and internal investigation necessary in law enforcement organizations to maintain a high level of institutional integrity. In order for law enforcement agencies to maintain their institutional integrity and avoid allegations of corruption, agencies must implement methods of self-policing. The internal disciplinary programs within agencies that show the self-policing process, share four common components: (1) implementation of a formal code of conduct; (2) internal investigations to review allegations of misconduct; (3) an adjudication process that compares the act of misconduct to the prohibited behavior outlined in the official code of conduct; and (4) a formal reporting process with official documents and notifications prepared by the department. These elements are interrelated and law enforcement agencies and departments need to manage them to aid in the improvement of institutional integrity.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9866045?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Institutional Integrity: The Four Elements of Self-Policing<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR192747; 192747</p>
N1  - <p>Institutional Integrity: The Four Elements of Self-Policing<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR192747; 192747</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Police internal investigations (00524)
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - *Police internal affairs (04623)
KW  - Complaints against police (02074)
KW  - Police corruption (02084)
KW  - Police legal limitations (02464)
KW  - Police trial boards (01181)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A Cold Case Expert Thinks 'Making A Murderer' May Be Tied To One Of The Most Prolific Serial Killers Ever
AU  - Harkness, Ryan
T2  - Uproxx
AB  - Was the murder of Teresa Halbach committed by Edward Wayne Edwards, a man who may have killed over a hundred people?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/CB9I9qwvrd8
DA  - 2016/01/20/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://tv.yahoo.com/news/cold-case-expert-thinks-making-020034799.html
Y2  - 2017/05/15/16:27:52
L2  - https://www.yahoo.com/tv/cold-case-expert-thinks-making-020034799.html
L2  - https://www.yahoo.com/tv/cold-case-expert-thinks-making-020034799.html
L2  - https://www.yahoo.com/tv/cold-case-expert-thinks-making-020034799.html
L2  - https://www.yahoo.com/tv/cold-case-expert-thinks-making-020034799.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Commentary: How Can We Make Diagnosis Safer?
AU  - Leape, Gordon Schiff and Lucian
T2  - Academic Medicine
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
N1  - <p>Commentary: How Can We Make Diagnosis Safer?</p>
N1  - <p>Commentary: How Can We Make Diagnosis Safer?</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Who Polices Prosecutors Who Abuse Their Authority? Usually Nobody
AU  - Joaquin Sapien, ProPublica and Sergio Hernandez
AB  - http://www.propublica.org/article/who-polices-prosecutors-who-abuse-their-authority-usually-nobody
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Who Polices Prosecutors Who Abuse Their Authority? Usually Nobody</p>
N1  - <p>Who Polices Prosecutors Who Abuse Their Authority? Usually Nobody</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How the Pretrial Process Contributes to Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Leipold, A. D.
T2  - Am. Crim. L. Rev.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 42
SP  - 1123
N1  - <p>How the Pretrial Process Contributes to Wrongful Convictions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Most Dangerous Idea in Mental Health
AU  - Cara, Ed
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WIpDH3fDSGM

The belief that hidden memories can be "recovered" in therapy should have been exorcised years ago, when a rash of false memories dominated the airwaves, tore families apart, and put people on the stand for crimes they didn't commit. But the mental health establishment does not always learn from its mistakes—and families are still paying the price.
DA  - 2014/11/03/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://psmag.com/social-justice/dangerous-idea-mental-health-93325
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Toward the Formation of Innocence Commmissions in America
AU  - Scheck, Barry C
AU  - Neufeld, Peter J
T2  - Judicature
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
VL  - 86
SP  - 98
J2  - Judicature
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Problems of Housing Mentally Ill People Spill Into the Street
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - There is widespread agreement that shelters like the one housing a man who fought a Washington Heights restaurant owner are wrong for mentally ill people, but there are now more shelters and less supportive housing.
DA  - 2015/07/30/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/nyregion/problems-of-housing-mentally-ill-people-spill-into-the-street.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:16:03
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/nyregion/problems-of-housing-mentally-ill-people-spill-into-the-street.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fabout-new-york&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/31/nyregion/problems-of-housing-mentally-ill-people-spill-into-the-street.html?rref=collection%2Fcolumn%2Fabout-new-york&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=0
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Coogan's Restaurant and Bar (Manhattan, NY)
KW  - Group Homes and Supportive Housing
KW  - Homeless Persons
KW  - Washington Heights (Manhattan, NY)
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Chief Brown's Story of Being Black and Blue
AU  - Lehrer, Brian
T2  - Brian Lehrer Show
AB  - David O. Brown, now-retired Dallas police chief and the author (with Michelle Burford) of Called to Rise: A Life in Faithful Service to the Community That Made Me (Ballantine Books, 2017), shares his own compelling life story, culminating in the national attention over the shooting of 5 Dallas police officers by a sniper and his commitment to community-oriented law enforcement.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - WYNC
UR  - https://www.wnyc.org/story/chief-browns-story/
Y2  - 2017/06/16/14:35:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Building Tools for a Learning Organization: Assessing the Delivery of Community Policing Services in a Non-Urban Setting
AU  - Crank, John P.
AU  - Giacomazzi, Andrew L.
AU  - Steiner, Benjamin
AB  - This study evaluated the Ada County, Idaho Sheriffs Office (ACSO) delivery of community policing services, as well as their advancement toward becoming a learning organization. Law enforcement agencies must work toward becoming learning organizations; meaning, that law enforcement agencies must put themselves in a position to enable accurate reflection of their effectiveness at crime reduction. The current study assessed the ACSO s progress in community policing in five main areas which embody community policing elements: continuing assessment of residents perceptions of crime and police services, substation policing, problem-oriented identification and resolution, performance evaluation in a community oriented policing environment, and the development of community partnerships. Data were drawn from telephone interviews and self-administered questionnaires of 755 Ada County residents regarding their perceptions of crime and police services and substation policing. Survey and focus group interviews were also conducted with county residents, stakeholder, and Ada County deputies. Results of statistical analyses revealed that the ACSO effectively implemented community and problem-oriented policing across the agency. Additionally, the findings indicated that ACSO is prepared to become a learning organization by making use of the extensive data they have collected. The authors encourage other rural police agencies to take an example from the ACSO, especially in terms of its commitment to community oriented policing, beat integrity, and substation policing. Strategic recommendations are offered for ACSO improvement. General implications of the findings are discussed, including the need to consider community concerns when establishing substation policing and the notion that there is no one size fits all model for community policing. The needs of each particular community are integral to designing an effective community policing program and to becoming a learning organization that capitalizes on data collection and analysis to comprehensively combat local crime problems. References, exhibits, endnotes, appendixes
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 200
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/207144.pdf
N1  - <p>Building Tools for a Learning Organization: Assessing the Delivery of Community Policing Services in a Non-Urban Setting<br/>Date revised - 2012-02-18 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 SuppNotes - Dataset may be archived by the NIJ Data Resources Program at the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - Program implementation (04861)
KW  - Data collection (04641)
KW  - Data analysis (04640)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Managing Participatively: The Way of the Future for Municipal Law Enforcement Organizations
AU  - Lowenberg, R. E.
AB  - This study explores the impact of new-age management trends and their impact upon the future of municipal police organizations. Organizational relationships have been the focus of the study of new-age management styles and practices. Team building, quality circles, pursuing organizational excellence, organizational transformation, and participative problemsolving are a few emerging new-age management issues. Although significant attention has been given to these issues in the private sector, they have received limited attention in police organizations. The mere implementation of new-age management styles and practices, specifically a participative ethic, is not a quick fix for organizational problems, but it does promise to increase employee morale. This study indicates that police officers have an interest, and in some cases a need, to participate in their agency's decisionmaking process. Having input for decisions that impact the quality of the workplace is the primary need. Most respondents indicated they were comfortable with management personnel making the final decision. Along with a participative decisionmaking process, officers desire a decisive, enthusiastic leader willing to make difficult decisions. Study instrument, support documents, and 63-item bibliography. (Author abstract modified)
CY  - United States
DA  - 1986///
PY  - 1986
SP  - 56
EP  - 56
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9691361?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Managing Participatively: The Way of the Future for Municipal Law Enforcement Organizations<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849; National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849; California Cmssn on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), 1601 Alhambra Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95816 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR110314; 110314</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - *Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Police decisionmaking (05185)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinton Obama NEJM 2006.pdf
AU  - Clinton, Hillary
AU  - Obama, Barack
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
DA  - 2006/05/25/
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTAyMDAzMzE0MTExNDk0NTg2MjABbG9zQ1JkWV9PWGtKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/02/23/16:35:59
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Boston Police, Harvard close to mediation arrangement - The Boston Globe
AU  - Mason, Endward
DA  - 2015/05/04/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/05/03/boston-police-harvard-close-mediation-arrangement/IW77C3mH4zbhjmyFZnLlcL/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:48:44
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Columbia Journalism School to Scrutinize Rolling Stone Rape Article
AU  - Alter, Alexandra
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The magazine has asked the Columbia University School of Journalism to conduct an independent review of an article about an alleged gang rape at the University of Virginia.
DA  - 2014/12/22/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/23/us/columbia-journalism-school-to-review-rolling-stone-rape-article.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/17:03:47
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/23/us/columbia-journalism-school-to-review-rolling-stone-rape-article.html?src=recg
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - Columbia University
KW  - Erdely, Sabrina Rubin
KW  - Fraternities and Sororities
KW  - Journalism Schools
KW  - News and News Media
KW  - Rolling Stone
KW  - Sex Crimes
KW  - University of Virginia
KW  - Wenner, Jann
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON EYEWITNESS EVIDENCE
AU  - Evidence, Task Force on Eyewitness
AB  - http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/Suffolk_eyewitness.pdf
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
N1  - <p>REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON EYEWITNESS EVIDENCE.</p>
N1  - <p>REPORT OF THE TASK FORCE ON EYEWITNESS EVIDENCE.</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - STRUCTURAL REFORM PROSECUTION
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
T2  - Virginia Law Review
AB  - The article discusses the process of structural reform prosecution in the U.S. as well as the civil structural model used in the case of KPMG International. The new structural reform prosecution model of U.S. Department of Justice was examined. Key information about the abuse of power in organizational prosecution is presented.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
SP  - 853
EP  - 957
SN  - 00426601
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=25537027&site=ehost-live
AN  - 25537027
N1  - <p>STRUCTURAL REFORM PROSECUTION<br/>Garrett, Brandon L. 1; Affiliation: 1: University of Virginia School of Law; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p853; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Justice Company/Entity: KPMG International Cooperative (Company) -- Trials, litigation, etc.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 105p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - KPMG International Cooperative (Company) -- Trials, litigation, etc.
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Justice
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Police Pledge to Film Interrogations Is Unmet After Three Years
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In New York, home to many wrongful convictions, the police commissioner promised taping of questioning in serious cases, but too few sessions are being recorded.
DA  - 2016/12/08/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/19:48:30
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=22CBBAE2E08E6B2E7D8C57A3D7A42557&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=DD5DA737F41AE3571F231DFB4B4C9E3F&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/nyregion/police-pledge-to-film-interrogations-is-unmet-after-three-years.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=10&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=22CBBAE2E08E6B2E7D8C57A3D7A42557&gwt=pay
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - New York State
KW  - Boyce, Robert K
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Confessions
KW  - Conviser, Daniel P
KW  - Hernandez, Pedro (1961- )
KW  - Interrogations
KW  - Video Recordings, Downloads and Streaming
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why do the law comply? Procedural justice, group identification and officer motivation in police organizations
AU  - Bradford, Ben
AU  - Quinton, Paul
AU  - Myhill, Andy
AU  - Porter, Gillian
T2  - European Journal of Criminology
AB  - How can police officers be encouraged to commit to changing organizational and personal practice? In this paper we test organizational justice theories that suggest that fair processes and procedures enhance rule compliance and commitment to the organization and its goals. We pay particular attention to (a) tensions between the role of group identity in organizational justice models and classic concerns about ‘cop culture’; and (b) the danger of over-identification with the organization and the counterproductive types of compliance this may engender. Results suggest that organizational justice enhances identification with the police organization, encourages officers to take on new roles, increases positive views of community policing, and is associated with greater self-reported compliance. Identification with the organization has generally positive implications; however, there is some danger that process fairness may encourage unthinking compliance with orders and instructions.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
SN  - 1477-3708
N1  - <p>Why do the law comply? Procedural justice, group identification and officer motivation in police organizations</p>
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - WATCH: The President Interviews the Creator of "The Wire" About the War on Drugs
AU  - Somanader, Tanya
AB  - David Simon, the creator of "The Wire," and President Obama sat down to talk honestly about the challenges law enforcement and communities face in America's war on drugs.
DA  - 2015/03/26/
PY  - 2015
ST  - WATCH
UR  - https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/03/26/watch-president-sits-down-creator-wire-talk-about-war-drugs
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - An Overlooked Tool in Police Reform? John Rappaport Examines Impact of Police Liability Insurance | University of Chicago Law School
AU  - Gillespie, Becky
T2  - University of Chicago Law School
DA  - 2016/09/07/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/overlooked-tool-police-reform-john-rappaport-examines-impact-police-liability-insurance
Y2  - 2017/07/14/18:07:26
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Mallory O'Brien tackles city's homicides by digging deep into data
AU  - Glauber, Bill
DA  - 2014/06/28/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://archive.jsonline.com/news/crime/mallory-obrien-tackles-citys-homicides-by-digging-deep-into-data-b99299797z1-265067041.html
Y2  - 2017/06/19/16:35:48
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Developing an early intervention system for police misconduct in a Law Enforcement Agency
AU  - Bertoia, Tony
AU  - Wales, New South
AB  - Executive Summary The purpose of an Early Intervention System (EIS) is to identify police officers at risk of engaging in corruption or misconduct and to treat their problematic behaviour through remedial interventions. Early intervention systems are primarily ...
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
PB  - Police Integrity Commission
SN  - 1-74003-149-0
N1  - <p>Developing an early intervention system for police misconduct in a Law Enforcement Agency</p>
N1  - <p>Developing an early intervention system for police misconduct in a Law Enforcement Agency</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Basic Elements of a Quality Assurance System for Forensic Document Examiners
AU  - Purdy, D. C.
T2  - Forensic Science International, vol. 29, no. 1-2, pp. 11-20, September-October 1985
AB  - A quality assurance system is described for a document examination unit which will encourage the production of reliable, consistent, and informative results based on recommended, up-to-date techniques and sound scientific practices. The overall system is comprised of several quality assurance subsystems integrated into the training, operational, and research components of laboratory work. The implementation of a quality assurance program requires the full support of laboratory management and the cooperation of bench scientists to achieve and maintain the high levels of performance demanded by both user agencies and the courts. (Publisher abstract)
CY  - Iran
DA  - 1985///
PY  - 1985
SP  - 10-10
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9837866?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Basic Elements of a Quality Assurance System for Forensic Document Examiners<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR100514; 100514</p>
N1  - <p>Basic Elements of a Quality Assurance System for Forensic Document Examiners<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR100514; 100514</p>
KW  - Quality control (04662)
KW  - Forensic science training (09591)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Boston spends $36 million to resolve claims against police - The Boston Globe
AU  - Wallack, Todd
AU  - Ransom, John
AU  - Anderson, Travis
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/LuknKB7LNJc
DA  - 2015/05/15/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/05/14/boston-spends-million-resolve-claims-against-police/KZ1NKhzahIDG51568m5FLK/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:24:33
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Tyrone Howard, Suspect in Officer’s Killing, Had String of Second Chances
AU  - Mueller, James C. Mckinley Jr , Benjamin
AU  - Schweber, Nate
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The man arrested in the fatal shooting of Randolph Holder, a New York City police officer, received a series of breaks in nearly two decades of frequent arrests and convictions.
DA  - 2015/10/27/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/nyregion/tyrone-howard-accused-of-killing-officer-had-string-of-second-chances.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/17:03:09
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/nyregion/tyrone-howard-accused-of-killing-officer-had-string-of-second-chances.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=CDEEA3059B6EED7538939DC36D8F9923&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/28/nyregion/tyrone-howard-accused-of-killing-officer-had-string-of-second-chances.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=CDEEA3059B6EED7538939DC36D8F9923&gwt=pay
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Attacks on Police
KW  - East River Houses (Manhattan, NY  Apartments)
KW  - Holder, Randolph (1982-2015)
KW  - Howard, Tyrone (October 20  2015 Murder)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exoneree Engagement in Policy Reform Work: An Exploratory Study of the Innocence Movement Policy Reform Process
AU  - Konvisser, Zieva Dauber
AU  - Werry, Ashley
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - Through a lens of resilience and growth alongside continuing distress, this exploratory research study examines a convenience sample of exonerees and innocence movement personnel who are engaged in the policy reform process to understand how exoneree involvement may change exonerees themselves, the innocence movement, and possibly the criminal justice system. Data were collected through pre-questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, supplemented with archival material, and analyzed using a narrative approach. Findings emphasize both the personal and broader societal value of exoneree engagement in educating, generating awareness, and advocating about wrongful conviction and the power of having the human voice and face in front of legislators, the public, and the media—vividly portraying that “if they can do it to me, they can do it to anybody.” Findings also caution to be sensitive to where individuals may be in their lives and to honor their choices to engage or not.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673010
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 60
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
ST  - Exoneree Engagement in Policy Reform Work
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673010
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673010
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Backing out of a constitutional ditch: Constitutional remedies for gross prosecutorial misconduct post thompson
AU  - Grometstein, Randall
AU  - Balboni, Jennifer M
T2  - Alb. L. Rev.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 75
SP  - 1243
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Arizona Loose With Its Rules in Executions, Records Show - The New York Times
AU  - Santos, Fernanda
AU  - Schwartz, John
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/pU5TKRfSx7U
DA  - 2014/08/17/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/18/us/arizona-loose-with-its-rules-in-executions-records-show.html?ref=us
Y2  - 2017/07/03/18:08:13
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Beyond the Numbers: How Law Enforcement Agencies Can Create Learning Environments and Measurement Systems
AU  - Kramer, Lorne C.
AU  - Fiedler, Mora L.
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 164-166, 168-169, 172, - 173, April 2002
AB  - This article discusses how and why law enforcement agencies should create learning environments and measurement systems. The article seeks to determine what lessons law enforcement can learn from learning organizations and performance measurement systems; some of the problems with law enforcement data and how those problems can degrade an agency s performance; the private sector s experience with organizational performance measurement and what that experience should mean to the world of policing. The article describes the Police Accountability and Service Standards (PASS) model, which the Colorado Springs Police Department is using to improve its organizational effectiveness. The PASS model has four purposes: (1) it provides a method for accountability to the city and its citizens to ensure a high level of police service; (2) it identifies the community s prioritization of service needs; (3) it can assess the Police Department s ability to provide services to address those needs; and (4) it can identify resources spent and needed to accomplish goals and objectives and provide the community with a high level of police service. Tables
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 7
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9747448?accountid=26333http://www.theiacp.org
N1  - <p>Beyond the Numbers: How Law Enforcement Agencies Can Create Learning Environments and Measurement Systems<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
N1  - <p>Beyond the Numbers: How Law Enforcement Agencies Can Create Learning Environments and Measurement Systems<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Organization studies (04179)
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - big data
KW  - Colorado (88000)
KW  - Community involvement (04582)
KW  - Effectiveness (04645)
KW  - Police community relations (00877)
KW  - Police services coordination (02086)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Timeline: Wrongful convictions in Waukegan, Lake County
AU  - Hinkel, Dan
T2  - chicagotribune.com
AB  - Lake County prosecutors and Waukegan police have repeatedly sent innocent men to prison. A look at their cases.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/IcowLOryRwQ
DA  - 2015/10/30/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Timeline
UR  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-timeline-lake-county-prosecutions-20150730-htmlstory.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/17:01:35
L2  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-timeline-lake-county-prosecutions-20150730-htmlstory.html
L2  - http://www.chicagotribune.com/ct-timeline-lake-county-prosecutions-20150730-htmlstory.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Restoring Faith in Justice
AU  - Blow, Charles M.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Charges against six Baltimore police officers may be one step in repairing the system.
DA  - 2015/05/04/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/opinion/charles-blow-restoring-faith-in-justice.html
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:39:42
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/opinion/charles-blow-restoring-faith-in-justice.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=c-column-top-span-region%C2%AEion=c-column-top-span-region&WT.nav=c-column-top-span-region
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/04/opinion/charles-blow-restoring-faith-in-justice.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=c-column-top-span-region%C2%AEion=c-column-top-span-region&WT.nav=c-column-top-span-region
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Baltimore (Md)
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Gray, Freddie (1989-2015)
KW  - Mosby, Marilyn J (1980- )
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - 2 Outside Reviews Say Cleveland Officer Acted Reasonably in Shooting Tamir Rice, 12
AU  - Smith, Mitch
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The opinions, reached by a Colorado prosecutor and a former F.B.I. supervisory special agent, were released Saturday by a county prosecutor, who will present evidence to a grand jury.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/CGjXYd4bi80
DA  - 2015/10/10/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/2-outside-reviews-say-cleveland-officer-acted-reasonably-in-shooting-tamir-rice-12.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:19:46
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/2-outside-reviews-say-cleveland-officer-acted-reasonably-in-shooting-tamir-rice-12.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=F9E9DFCACDE1C6873F6FE64973E962C0&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/2-outside-reviews-say-cleveland-officer-acted-reasonably-in-shooting-tamir-rice-12.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=F9E9DFCACDE1C6873F6FE64973E962C0&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/2-outside-reviews-say-cleveland-officer-acted-reasonably-in-shooting-tamir-rice-12.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=F9E9DFCACDE1C6873F6FE64973E962C0&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/2-outside-reviews-say-cleveland-officer-acted-reasonably-in-shooting-tamir-rice-12.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=F9E9DFCACDE1C6873F6FE64973E962C0&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Cleveland (Ohio)
KW  - Garmback, Frank (1967- )
KW  - Loehmann, Timothy (1988- )
KW  - Rice, Tamir E (2002-14)
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - In the Dark Podcast
AU  - APM Reports
AB  - In the Dark is an investigative podcast from APM Reports. Season 1 focused on the investigation of the abduction of Jacob Wetterling. Season 2 is currently in production.
DA  - 2016///and 2022
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.apmreports.org/in-the-dark
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Suit tossed for wrongfully convicted Brooklyn man
AU  - Carregy-Woodby, Christina
T2  - NY Daily News
AB  - A Brooklyn man who served nearly 20 years and then sued the city for malicious prosecution won't get his day in court.
DA  - 2015/12/01/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-man-jailed-19-years-evidence-article-1.2450182
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-man-jailed-19-years-evidence-article-1.2450182?utm_source=Digesters&utm_campaign=9126f529a4-Policy_Daily_Digest11_30_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8da43c68af-9126f529a4-350728453
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-man-jailed-19-years-evidence-article-1.2450182?utm_source=Digesters&utm_campaign=9126f529a4-Policy_Daily_Digest11_30_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8da43c68af-9126f529a4-350728453
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taking Stock of Innocence: Movements, Mountains, and Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Acker, James R.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - This article offers a brief overview of the current state of the Innocence Movement. It begins by reviewing what we know, and do not know, about the incidence of wrongful convictions and their correlates and causes. It then explores select issues that should receive greater attention to help sustain the Innocence Movement and ensure its advancement. Acknowledging that much has been learned about wrongful convictions and that important reforms have been enacted, the article concludes by observing that significant challenges remain and must be addressed before efforts to guard against convicting the innocent are relaxed.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673008
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 25
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
ST  - Taking Stock of Innocence
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673008
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673008
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Exonerated Woman Contests 675-Day Lockup
AU  - Bouboushian, Jack
T2  - Courthouse News
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/snwhZ4WXx7U
DA  - 2014/10/21/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://archive.courthousenews.com/cnsnews/Story/Index/72659
Y2  - 2017/06/26/15:14:26
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Quality Assurance Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Microbial Forensic Work
AU  - Scientific Working Group on Microbial Genetics and Forensics
AB  - The scientific Working Group on Microbial Genetics and Forensics developed these quality assurance guidelines in order to provide laboratories engaged in microbial forensic analysis with a framework for implementing a quality assurance program. The guidelines describe quality-assurance activities that a laboratory should follow in ensuring the competency of the laboratory and the quality and integrity of its scientific data. The quality manual that describes the features of a lab's quality assurance procedures should address, at a minimum, goals and objectives, organization and management, personnel qualifications and training, facilities and security, sample control, validation, analytical procedures, calibration and maintenance, proficiency testing, corrective action, documentation and report writing, review of reports, safety, audit, and the monitoring of any subcontractor's work. For each of these basic features of a lab's quality assurance system, this report provides guidelines for lab policy and procedures. In addition to a manual that explains quality assurance guidelines, the lab should designate an individual to serve as the quality manager. The quality manager continuously monitors the implementation of all of the features of the quality assurance system. 8 references and definitions of terms used in the guidelines
CY  - United States
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 16-16
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9745348?accountid=26333http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/oct2003/2003_10_guide01.htm
N1  - <p>Quality Assurance Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Microbial Forensic Work<br/>Date revised - 2012-05-15 Availability - US Dept of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135 SuppNotes - Forensic Sciences Communications, N 4, V 5, October 2003; downloaded June 5, 2007. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR240463; 240463</p>
N1  - <p>Quality Assurance Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Microbial Forensic Work<br/>Date revised - 2012-05-15 Availability - US Dept of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135 SuppNotes - Forensic Sciences Communications, N 4, V 5, October 2003; downloaded June 5, 2007. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR240463; 240463</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Crime laboratories (00262)
KW  - Crime laboratory management (09581)
KW  - Quality control (04662)
KW  - Forensic sciences (08468)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Thinking, Fast and Slow — By Daniel Kahneman — Book Review
AU  - Holt, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In the conflict between intuitive and rational decision-making, which side wins?
DA  - 2011/11/25/
PY  - 2011
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Sunday Book Review
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/books/review/thinking-fast-and-slow-by-daniel-kahneman-book-review.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/16:20:08
KW  - Books and Literature
KW  - Kahneman, Daniel
KW  - Thinking, Fast and Slow (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Shift on Marijuana Policy Was a Long Time Coming, and Too Late for One Man
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Police will no longer file charges against people who display small amounts of marijuana in public, though that has not helped Anthony Welfare, who lost his job in August over a misdemeanor.
DA  - 2014/11/13/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/nyregion/shift-on-marijuana-policy-was-a-long-time-coming-and-too-late-for-one-man.html
Y2  - 2017/06/23/19:14:17
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can Behavioral Science Help in Flint?
AU  - Stillman, Sarah
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - An unusual team of White House scientists works through the final days of the Obama Administration.
DA  - 2017/01/23/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/23/can-behavioral-science-help-in-flint
Y2  - 2017/02/22/21:54:55
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/23/can-behavioral-science-help-in-flint
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/23/can-behavioral-science-help-in-flint
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Building Bottom-Up Review Into Criminal Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - American Constitution Society for Law and Policy
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/building-bottom-up-review-into-criminal-justice
N1  - <p>August 17<br/>Building Bottom-Up Review Into Criminal Justice</p>
N1  - <p>August 17<br/>Building Bottom-Up Review Into Criminal Justice</p>
N1  - <p>August 17<br/>Building Bottom-Up Review Into Criminal Justice</p>
KW  - Doyle Article
KW  - Incident reviews
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Cleveland Officer Will Not Face Charges in Tamir Rice Shooting Death
AU  - Williams, Timothy
AU  - Smith, Mitch
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The 12-year-old boy was killed as he was playing with a replica gun in a park. Relatives and activists, who called the shooting senseless, had sought charges in the case.
DA  - 2015/12/28/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/us/tamir-rice-police-shootiing-cleveland.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:04:43
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/us/tamir-rice-police-shootiing-cleveland.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=9F2783AA60CC0354ACAE213A58582670&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/us/tamir-rice-police-shootiing-cleveland.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=9F2783AA60CC0354ACAE213A58582670&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Cleveland (Ohio)
KW  - Garmback, Frank (1967- )
KW  - Loehmann, Timothy (1988- )
KW  - Rice, Tamir E (2002-14)
KW  - McGinty, Timothy J
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘Collision’ Replacing ‘Accident’ for N.Y.C. Police Traffic Crash Squad
AU  - Flegenheimer, Matt
AU  - Goodman, J. David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly said the department would begin using the term “collision” instead of “accident.”
DA  - 2013/03/10/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:56:55
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=094A21D2BD877ED8569AA5C7810C628D&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Traffic Accidents and Safety
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Mockery of Justice for the Poor
AU  - Pfaff, John
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Public defenders are starved for resources as they struggle to represent impoverished clients.
DA  - 2016/04/29/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/opinion/a-mockery-of-justice-for-the-poor.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:14:12
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/opinion/a-mockery-of-justice-for-the-poor.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C8F78E5E04DDA5D33CF450DE7E78388&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/30/opinion/a-mockery-of-justice-for-the-poor.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C8F78E5E04DDA5D33CF450DE7E78388&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Federal Budget (US)
KW  - Public Defenders and Court-Appointed Lawyers (Criminal)
KW  - Crime and Criminals
KW  - Pfaff, John
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessment of Latent Factors Contributing to Error: Addressing Surgical Pathology Error Wisely
AU  - Smith, Maxwell L.
AU  - Raab, Stephen S.
T2  - Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
AB  - Context.--Methods to improve surgical pathology patient safety include measuring the frequency of error in specific steps of the surgical pathology testing process, root cause analysis of active and latent components, and implementation of quality improvement initiatives. Objective.--To determine the frequency and cause of near-miss events in the specimen accessioning, setup, and biopsy-only gross examination testing steps of anatomic pathology. Design.--We used an observational checklist method to identify near-miss events. We performed root cause analysis to determine latent factors contributing to near-miss events. We conducted observations for 45 hours during 5 days, involving the accessioning and processing of 335 specimens. Results.--We detected a total of 2310 process-dependent and 266 operator-dependent near-miss events, resulting in a near-miss-event frequency of 5.5 per specimen. Root cause analysis showed that all process and operator near-miss events were associated with multiple system latent factors, including lack of standardized protocols, appropriate knowledge transfer, and focus on safety culture. Conclusion.--We conclude that the increased focus on surgical pathology near-miss events will reveal latent factors that may be targeted for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine is the property of College of American Pathologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.5858/arpa.2011-0334-OA
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 135
IS  - 11
SP  - 1436
EP  - 1440
SN  - 00039985
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=66997563&site=ehost-live
AN  - 66997563
DB  - a9h
N1  - <p>Smith, Maxwell L. 1 Raab, Stephen S. 2; Email Address: raabss@gmail.com; Affiliation: 1: Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz 2: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 135 Issue 11, p1436; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL specimens -- Collection & preservation; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: CLINICAL pathology; Subject Term: MEDICAL errors; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: SENTINEL health events; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: UNOBTRUSIVE measures; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Smith, Maxwell L. 1 Raab, Stephen S. 2; Email Address: raabss@gmail.com; Affiliation: 1: Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz 2: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 135 Issue 11, p1436; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL specimens -- Collection & preservation; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: CLINICAL pathology; Subject Term: MEDICAL errors; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: SENTINEL health events; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: UNOBTRUSIVE measures; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - BIOLOGICAL specimens -- Collection & preservation
KW  - CLINICAL pathology
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - Human error
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - PATIENTS -- Safety measures
KW  - SENTINEL health events
KW  - UNOBTRUSIVE measures
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Report on the Conviction of Jeffrey Deskovic
AU  - Leslie Crocker Snyder
AU  - and William L. Murphy, and Richard Joselson
AB  - http://www.innocenceproject.org/docs/deskovic.pdf
CY  - Westchester, New York
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Westchester County District Attorney
N1  - <p>June<br/>Report on the Conviction of Jeffrey Deskovic</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Monica Lewinsky and the Shame Game
AU  - Schwartz, Alexandra
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - When it came to Lewinsky’s shame, Starr was only the tip of the iceberg. The iceberg was the rest of us.
DA  - 2015/03/26/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/monica-lewinsky-and-the-shame-game
Y2  - 2017/06/12/21:00:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - I’m a public defender. It’s impossible for me to do a good job representing my clients.
AU  - Peng, Tina
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Budget cuts increasingly mean indigent defendants don’t get their constitutional rights in court.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NLPcsNxF6vA
DA  - 2015/09/03/
PY  - 2015
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-public-defender-system-isnt-just-broken--its-unconstitutional/2015/09/03/aadf2b6c-519b-11e5-9812-92d5948a40f8_story.html?utm_term=.10c361ddd417
Y2  - 2017/05/26/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-public-defender-system-isnt-just-broken--its-unconstitutional/2015/09/03/aadf2b6c-519b-11e5-9812-92d5948a40f8_print.html?utm_term=.10c361ddd417
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-public-defender-system-isnt-just-broken--its-unconstitutional/2015/09/03/aadf2b6c-519b-11e5-9812-92d5948a40f8_print.html?utm_term=.10c361ddd417
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - How the Police Generate False Confessions: An Inside Look at the Interrogation Room
AU  - Trainum, James L.
AB  - Despite the rising number of confirmed false confession cases, most people have a hard time grasping why someone would confess to a crime they did not commit, or even why a guilty person would admit to something that could put them in jail for life. How the Police Generate False Confessions takes you inside the interrogation room, exposing the tactics that law enforcement uses to make confessions happen. James L. Trainum reveals how innocent people can become suspects and then confessed criminals even when they have not committed a crime. Using real stories, he looks at the inherent coerciveness of the interrogation process and why so many false confessions contain so many of the details that only the true perpetrator would know. More disturbingly, the book examines how these same processes corrupt witness and victim statements, create lying informants and cooperators, and induce innocent people to plead guilty. Trainum also offers recommendations for change in the U.S. by looking at how other countries are changing the process to prevent such miscarriages of justice. The reasons that people falsely confess can be complex and varied; throughout How the Police Generate False Confessions Trainum encourages readers to critically evaluate confessions on their own by gaining a better understanding of the interrogation process.
DA  - 2016/07/15/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Amazon
SP  - 328
LA  - English
PB  - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
SN  - 978-1-4422-4464-1
ST  - How the Police Generate False Confessions
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Police-Generate-False-Confessions-Interrogation/dp/144224464X?ie=UTF8&keywords=trainum&qid=1458835834&ref_=sr_1_1&s=books&sr=1-1
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Police-Generate-False-Confessions-Interrogation/dp/144224464X?ie=UTF8&keywords=trainum&qid=1458835834&ref_=sr_1_1&s=books&sr=1-1
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Examination of Impact of Accountability and Blame Culture on Police Judgements and Decisions in Critical Incident Contexts
AU  - Sarah Warng
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/pFbFfCxo25M
DA  - 2011/09//
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDE1NzQ5MTU4MDMzNDQ1NzY0NTYBdkZwN2hNRm1iSFVKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:40:11
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Just culture
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘While the City Slept’ excerpts: Madness and murder in a broken system
AU  - Sanders, Eli
T2  - The Seattle Times
AB  - Eli Sanders’ “While the City Slept” shows the psychological descent of killer Isaiah Kalebu as it reveals missed opportunities that might have prevented Kalebu’s 2009 assault on Jennifer Hopper and Teresa Butz.
DA  - 2016/02/06/
PY  - 2016
ST  - ‘While the City Slept’ excerpts
UR  - http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/while-the-city-slept-excerpts-madness-and-murder-in-a-broken-system/
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:29:39
L2  - http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/while-the-city-slept-excerpts-madness-and-murder-in-a-broken-system/
L2  - http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/while-the-city-slept-excerpts-madness-and-murder-in-a-broken-system/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Another study finds few consequences for prosecutor misconduct
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Even egregiously bad behavior often goes unpunished.
DA  - 2017/03/08/
PY  - 2017
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/03/08/another-study-finds-few-consequences-for-prosecutor-misconduct/?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer4a46c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=.fa8b6e83d5e5#comments
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/03/08/another-study-finds-few-consequences-for-prosecutor-misconduct/?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer4a46c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=.fa8b6e83d5e5#comments
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/03/08/another-study-finds-few-consequences-for-prosecutor-misconduct/?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer4a46c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=.fa8b6e83d5e5#comments
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/03/08/another-study-finds-few-consequences-for-prosecutor-misconduct/?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer4a46c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=.fa8b6e83d5e5#comments
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/03/08/another-study-finds-few-consequences-for-prosecutor-misconduct/?utm_campaign=buffer&utm_content=buffer4a46c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=.fa8b6e83d5e5#comments
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Myths and Mechanics of Deterrence: The Role of Lawsuits in Law Enforcement Decisionmaking
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
T2  - UCLA Law Review
AB  - http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1432106
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
N1  - <p>Myths and Mechanics of Deterrence: The Role of Lawsuits in Law Enforcement Decisionmaking</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Dangerous Decline of the Jury Trial
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - “The wisdom of our sages and the blood of our heroes has been devoted to the attainment of trial by jury. It should be the creed of our political faith.” So said small- government apostle Thomas Jefferson in his First Inaugural Address in 1801. It may be our creed, but we exercise it only in [...]
DA  - 2015/05/21/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/05/21/2015-05-the-dangerous-decline-of-the-jury-trial/
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:14:17
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/05/21/2015-05-the-dangerous-decline-of-the-jury-trial/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/05/21/2015-05-the-dangerous-decline-of-the-jury-trial/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How Insurance Companies Can Force Bad Cops Off the Job
AU  - Doyle, Rachel B.
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - In exchange for coverage, insurers can demand that police departments implement new policies and training, and dismiss problem officers.
DA  - 2017/06/10/
PY  - 2017
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/insurance-companies-police/529833/
Y2  - 2017/07/14/17:49:31
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Whack-A-Mole: The price we pay for expecting perfection
AU  - Marx, David A.
AU  - Bray, Amanda
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - By Your Side Studios Plano, TX
SN  - 0-615-28307-1
N1  - <p>Whack-A-Mole: The price we pay for expecting perfection</p>
N1  - <p>Whack-A-Mole: The price we pay for expecting perfection</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Arlington County After-Action Report on the Response to the September 11 Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon
AU  - Arlington County
AB  - This After-Action Report (AAR) describes the activities of Arlington County (Virginia) representatives and those of supporting jurisdictions, government agencies, and other organizations involved in the response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Pentagon. Although the terrorist attack occurred in Arlington County, VA, the target was a U.S. military facility under the direct control of the Secretary of Defense. The response to the attack involved a large number of agencies, organizations, and individuals from all levels of government and the private sector, and it lasted for an extended period of time. This AAR consists primarily of descriptions of the response, rescue, and recovery activities as perceived and recounted by the responders at all levels and by representatives of all participating organizations. The AAR project team conducted 92 separate debriefing sessions and interviewed approximately 475 participants. The AAR is organized into four annexes and four supporting appendices. An annex on fire department operations encompasses all aspects of fire, rescue, and emergency medical services activities performed by Arlington County, as well as supporting jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations that operated under mutual-aid or similar provisions. The annex that focuses on hospitals and clinics describes the response of medical treatment centers throughout the Washington Metropolitan Area, including hospitals, urgent care centers, and military health clinics. The annex on law enforcement describes the activities of those law enforcement agencies that shared primary jurisdictional responsibilities for the attack, i.e., the Arlington County Police Department, the Defense Protective Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, as well as many other law enforcement organizations that provided response support. The annex on the emergency management and the emergency operations center presents the activities of the Arlington County Government in support of the first responders and citizens of the county. The standard format of each annex consists of observations of what occurred, findings regarding what was learned from the perspectives of responders, and recommendations and lessons learned that can lead to improvements in responding to disasters. 23 figures and appended 24-hour timeline, data reference directory, and Pentagon penetration damage diagrams
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
SP  - 215
EP  - 215
UR  - https://iucat.iu.edu/iupui/5313636
N1  - <p>Arlington County After-Action Report on the Response to the September 11 Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849; National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Downloaded January 21, 2004. Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR199659; 199659</p>
KW  - Emergency procedures (03813)
KW  - Emergency communications (01930)
KW  - Police emergency procedures (08859)
KW  - Counter-terrorist tactics (08119)
KW  - Emergency operations centers (02165)
KW  - Emergency rescues (01032)
KW  - Interagency cooperation (04204)
KW  - Police emergency planning (08858)
KW  - Virginia (51000)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - CHARACTERISTICS OF SUICIDES BY INMATES IN AN URBAN JAIL
AU  - Marcus, P.
AU  - Alcabes, P.
T2  - Hospital and Community Psychiatry, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 256-261, March 1993
AB  - This article describes the characteristics of suicides committed by inmates of the New York City Department of Correction between 1980 and 1988. Researchers collected data on suicides from records of the jail health services, the municipal medical examiner's office, and the city's prison death review board, as well as from reports of the New York State Commission of Correction and other documents. The researchers identified 48 suicides committed by inmates during the study period. Forty-two percent of the suicides occurred within the first 30 days of incarceration, and 50 percent occurred within 3 days of a court appearance. More than 90 percent of suicides were by hanging. Ninety-one percent of suicides occurred in cells in which the inmate was housed alone. Fifty-two percent of the inmates who committed suicide had a major psychiatric diagnosis, and 46 percent had a history of inpatient or outpatient psychiatric care. The authors recommend that all inmates with a psychiatric history or suicidal tendencies be identified and linked with ongoing mental health services while incarcerated, that potentially suicidal inmates never be housed alone in a cell, and that correctional staff be trained to recognize potentially self-destructive inmates and to prevent suicide. 2 tables and 16 references
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
SP  - 6
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9741553?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>CHARACTERISTICS OF SUICIDES BY INMATES IN AN URBAN JAIL<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - Inmate suicide (09783)
KW  - Jails (04618)
KW  - Urban area studies (03953)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Culture of safety
AU  - Hershey, Kristen
T2  - The Nursing Clinics Of North America
AB  - In this article, the principles behind high-reliability organizations and a culture of safety are explored. Three areas in which health care has the greatest potential for improvement in safety culture are also discussed: a nonpunitive response to error; handoffs and transitions; and safe staffing. Tools for frontline nurses to help improve their organization's culture of safety in these areas are reviewed. Information is also given for nurses responding to error, including participating in root-cause analysis and supporting health care workers involved in adverse events.; Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1016/j.cnur.2014.10.011
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 139
EP  - 152
SN  - 1558-1357
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=25680493&site=ehost-live
AN  - 25680493
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>IM; N; Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Dec 02. Current Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia, PA : W B Saunders; Original Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia.</p>
N1  - <p>IM; N; Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Dec 02. Current Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia, PA : W B Saunders; Original Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia.</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Patient safety
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/*organization & administration
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Why Medical Error Is The Third Leading Cause Of Death In The U.S.
AU  - Rehm, Diane
T2  - Diane Rehm Show
AB  - New research shows medical error is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., killing more than 250,000 people a year. Why there are so many mistakes, and what can be done to improve patient safety.
DA  - 2016/05/05/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://dianerehm.org/shows/2016-05-05/why-medical-error-is-the-third-leading-cause-of-death-in-the-u-s
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:00:31
L2  - http://dianerehm.org/shows/2016-05-05/why-medical-error-is-the-third-leading-cause-of-death-in-the-u-s?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+WAMU885DianeRehm+%28The+Diane+Rehm+Show+from+WAMU+and+NPR%29#home
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Should the AG Look Outside BOP For Its New Director?
AU  - Love, Margaret
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - On July 23, 42 law professors wrote a letter to the Attorney General, raising concerns about various policies and practices of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and urging her to select BOP’s next Director from outside the agency in order to facilitate change. A few days later, three of the signatories to the July [...]
DA  - 2015/08/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/13/2015-08-should-the-ag-look-outside-bop-for-its-new-director/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:25:35
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/13/2015-08-should-the-ag-look-outside-bop-for-its-new-director/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/13/2015-08-should-the-ag-look-outside-bop-for-its-new-director/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Human error
AU  - Reason, James
T2  - Western Journal of Medicine
DA  - 2000/06//
PY  - 2000
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 172
IS  - 6
SP  - 393
EP  - 396
J2  - West J Med
SN  - 0093-0415
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1070929/
Y2  - 2017/05/16/19:02:08
L1  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1070929/pdf/wjm17200393.pdf
L1  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1070929/pdf/wjm17200393.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1070929/
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1070929/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chicago to release evidence from 100 investigations into alleged police misconduct
AU  - Berman, Mark
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The evidence is set to include reports, videos and other recordings from about 100 cases of alleged misconduct.
DA  - 2016/05/28/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/05/28/chicago-to-release-evidence-from-100-investigations-into-alleged-police-misconduct/
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/05/28/chicago-to-release-evidence-from-100-investigations-into-alleged-police-misconduct/?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-national%3Ahomepage%2Fcard&utm_term=.59ed15e3fdc7
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/05/28/chicago-to-release-evidence-from-100-investigations-into-alleged-police-misconduct/?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-national%3Ahomepage%2Fcard&utm_term=.59ed15e3fdc7
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecutor In Manhattan Will Monitor Convictions
AU  - Eligon, John
AB  - The Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., announced Thursday that he would start a program to safeguard against wrongful convictions, addressing one of the most talked-about topics during his campaign for the office. Known as the Conviction Integrity Program, the effort will be led by Bonnie Sard, a veteran assistant district attorney, who will monitor cases that raise red flags and oversee reinvestigations. The program will also include a panel of 10 of Mr. Vance's top assistants to review cases and the office's prosecutorial practices, as well as a panel of outside experts to advise on policy.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 20
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48387684&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Prosecutor In Manhattan Will Monitor Convictions<br/>03624331<br/>Article Accession Number: 48387684; Eligon, John; Source Info: 3/5/2010, p20; Subject Term: PUBLIC prosecutors; Subject Term: LAWYERS; Subject Term: LEGAL professions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; People: VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-; People: SARD, Bonnie; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 421</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Prosecutor In Manhattan Will Monitor Convictions<br/>03624331<br/>Article Accession Number: 48387684; Eligon, John; Source Info: 3/5/2010, p20; Subject Term: PUBLIC prosecutors; Subject Term: LAWYERS; Subject Term: LEGAL professions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; People: VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-; People: SARD, Bonnie; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 421</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - VANCE, Cyrus R., 1954-
KW  - LAWYERS
KW  - LEGAL professions
KW  - PUBLIC prosecutors
KW  - SARD, Bonnie
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - NC Innocence Inquiry Commission's First Decade: Impressive Successes and Lessons Learned
AU  - Mosteller, Robert P
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Importance of a Rigorous Root Cause Analysis (RCA) for Healthcare Sentinel Events
AU  - Wocher, John C.
T2  - Japan-Hospitals: The Journal Of The Japan Hospital Association
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DP  - EBSCOhost
IS  - 34
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
SN  - 0910-1004
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=26373184&site=ehost-live
AN  - 26373184
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20150701. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Tokyo : Japan Hospital Association</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20150701. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Tokyo : Japan Hospital Association</p>
KW  - Sentinel Surveillance*
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Without Reviews, Inmates Can Get Lost In U.S. Prison System
AU  - Sullivan, Laura
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - Every year 10 million people funnel in and out of America's jails and prisons. And every year some of them get lost. Recently there have been two high-profile cases of such inmates — one who got out years too early, and one who stayed years to long. Both had disastrous consequences.
DA  - 2013/04/05/
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2013/04/05/176302378/without-reviews-inmates-can-get-lost-in-u-s-prison-system
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:26:33
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2013/04/05/176302378/without-reviews-inmates-can-get-lost-in-u-s-prison-system?ft=1&f=3
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2013/04/05/176302378/without-reviews-inmates-can-get-lost-in-u-s-prison-system?ft=1&f=3
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Wrongful convictions prompt new police rules
AU  - Lutman, David
T2  - The Courier-Journal
AB  - Metro government has paid more than $12 million to settle lawsuits

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/882x9L90DPQ
DA  - 2014/10/03/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2014/10/03/wrongful-convictions-prompt-new-police-rules/16654409/
Y2  - 2017/06/26/18:16:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why too much evidence can be a bad thing
AU  - Zyga, Lisa
T2  - Phys.org
AB  - Under ancient Jewish law, if a suspect on trial was unanimously found guilty by all judges, then the suspect was acquitted. This reasoning sounds counterintuitive, but the legislators of the time had noticed that unanimous agreement often indicates the presence of systemic error in the judicial process, even if the exact nature of the error is yet to be discovered. They intuitively reasoned that when something seems too good to be true, most likely a mistake was made.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tUoqo59zUgo
DA  - 2016/01/04/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://phys.org/news/2016-01-evidence-bad.html
Y2  - 2017/05/12/17:13:19
L2  - https://phys.org/news/2016-01-evidence-bad.html#jCp
L2  - https://phys.org/news/2016-01-evidence-bad.html#jCp
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After Criticism, Police Change Policy and Begin Investigating More Traffic Crashes
AU  - Goodman, Matt Flegenheimer and J. David
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/nyregion/collision-replacing-accident-for-nyc-police-traffic-crash-squad.html Note by Doyle: n interesting aspect of this is the different perspectives embodied in the effort. Ray Kelly and the prosecutors seem (at least according to NYT) to be looking for an enhanced ability to find "bad apples" to prosecute. Others, including Christine Quinn (now a mayoral candidate) seem to be looking at improving systems. There's an argument that both purposes can be served by careful analysis and documentation of an event. Do list members have ideas about the trade-offs in this situation?Show trimmed content
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>After Criticism, Police Change Policy and Begin Investigating More Traffic Crashes</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Imagining a Rikers Island With No Jail
AU  - The Editorial Board
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The sensible thing to do with the jail complex is to close it.
DA  - 2016/02/24/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/opinion/imagining-a-rikers-island-with-no-jail.html
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:19:07
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/opinion/imagining-a-rikers-island-with-no-jail.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C90EFEF297C4CF6F2E64DC8409875A07&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/24/opinion/imagining-a-rikers-island-with-no-jail.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=C90EFEF297C4CF6F2E64DC8409875A07&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Rikers Island Prison Complex
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - City Council (NYC)
KW  - Editorials
KW  - Mark-Viverito, Melissa
KW  - Lippman, Jonathan
KW  - Prison Guards and Corrections Officers
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Symposium: Secrecy and Transparency in the Criminal Justice System (May 8, 2015)
AU  - Stanford Law School
DA  - 2015/05/08/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://journals.law.stanford.edu/sjclp/news/symposium-secrecy-and-transparency-criminal-justice-system-may-8-2015
Y2  - 2017/06/09/13:58:50
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies
AU  - Perrow, Charles
AB  - Normal Accidents analyzes the social side of technological risk. Charles Perrow argues that the conventional engineering approach to ensuring safety--building in more warnings and safeguards--fails because systems complexity makes failures inevitable. He asserts that typical precautions, by adding to complexity, may help create new categories of accidents. (At Chernobyl, tests of a new safety system helped produce the meltdown and subsequent fire.) By recognizing two dimensions of risk--complex versus linear interactions, and tight versus loose coupling--this book provides a powerful framework for analyzing risks and the organizations that insist we run them. The first edition fulfilled one reviewer's prediction that it "may mark the beginning of accident research." In the new afterword to this edition Perrow reviews the extensive work on the major accidents of the last fifteen years, including Bhopal, Chernobyl, and the Challenger disaster. The new postscript probes what the author considers to be the "quintessential 'Normal Accident'" of our time: the Y2K computer problem.
CY  - Princeton, N.J
DA  - 1999/09/27/
PY  - 1999
DP  - Amazon
ET  - Updated edition with a New afterword and a new postscript by the author edition
SP  - 464
LA  - English
PB  - Princeton University Press
SN  - 978-0-691-00412-9
ST  - Normal Accidents
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Normal-Accidents-Living-High-Risk-Technologies/dp/0691004129
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Normal-Accidents-Living-High-Risk-Technologies/dp/0691004129
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Alabama Man Freed After Decades on Death Row
AU  - Blinder, Alan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Prosecutors now say they cannot make a case against Anthony Ray Hinton, who was convicted of killing two men in the Birmingham area in 1985.
DA  - 2015/04/03/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/04/us/anthony-ray-hinton-alabama-prison-freed-murder.html
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Capital punishment
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Hinton, Anthony Ray
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Continuous Improvement as an Ideal in Healthcare
AU  - Berwick, Donald
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
VL  - 53, 53-55
N1  - <p>Continuous Improvement as an Ideal in Healthcare</p>
N1  - <p>Continuous Improvement as an Ideal in Healthcare</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A Life-Saving Checklist
AU  - Gwande, Atul
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - If something so simple can transform intensive care, what else can it do?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/jSEnalWrDJU
DA  - 2007/12/10/
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/10/the-checklist
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:02:52
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/10/the-checklist?mbid=nl_251215_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8381297&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=822776122&spReportId=ODIyNzc2MTIyS0
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/12/10/the-checklist?mbid=nl_251215_Daily&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8381297&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=822776122&spReportId=ODIyNzc2MTIyS0
N1  - <p><br />https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/jSEnalWrDJU</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
N1  - <p><br />https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/jSEnalWrDJU</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Most Americans will get a wrong or late diagnosis at least once in their lives - The Boston Globe
AU  - Sun, Lena
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - This critical type of health care error is far more common than medication mistakes or surgery on the wrong patient or body part.
DA  - 2015/10//
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/science/2015/09/22/most-americans-will-get-wrong-late-diagnosis-least-once-their-lives/1Sk7Fju4ugFFmVTahKbMHI/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:44:19
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/science/2015/09/22/most-americans-will-get-wrong-late-diagnosis-least-once-their-lives/1Sk7Fju4ugFFmVTahKbMHI/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/science/2015/09/22/most-americans-will-get-wrong-late-diagnosis-least-once-their-lives/1Sk7Fju4ugFFmVTahKbMHI/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Grits for Breakfast: Exoneration Review Commission To-Do List Part 2: Consider the Sentinel Event Literature
AU  - Laurin, Jennifer
T2  - Grits for Breakfast
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/dO-oEWLgKGU
DA  - 2015/11/06/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Grits for Breakfast
UR  - http://gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com/2015/11/exoneration-review-commission-to-do_6.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:49:20
L2  - http://gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com/2015/11/exoneration-review-commission-to-do_6.html
L2  - http://gritsforbreakfast.blogspot.com/2015/11/exoneration-review-commission-to-do_6.html
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Exoneration Commission
KW  - Innocence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - TEAM POLICING (FROM POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT, 1973-1974, V 2, 1975 BY JAMES T CURRAN AND RICHARD H WARD - SEE NCJ-28138)
AU  - Sherman, L. W.
AU  - Milton, C. H.
AU  - Kelly, T. V.
AB  - BASED ON EXAMPLES DRAWN FROM TEAM POLICING EXPERIMENTS IN SEVERAL UNITED STATES CITIES, THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF TEAM POLICING AND ILLUSTRATES METHODS OF SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTING AND OPERATING SUCH PROGRAMS. IN THE EARLY 1970'S TEAM POLICING HAD BECOME A POPULAR IDEA AMONG MANY POLICE ADMINISTRATORS. THIS STUDY DRAWS ON THE EXPERIENCES OF SUCH CITIES AS HOLYOKE, NEW YORK CITY, DAYTON, DETROIT, LOS ANGELES, AND SYRACUSE. IT WAS FOUND THAT ALMOST ALL OF THE TEAM POLICING PROGRAMS STUDIED ATTEMPTED TO IMPLEMENT THREE BASIC OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS: GEOGRAPHIC STABILITY OF PATROL, MAXIMUM INTERACTION AMONG TEAM MEMBERS, AND MAXIMUM COMMUNICATION AMONG TEAM MEMBERS AND THE COMMUNITY. THE DEPARTMENTS WHICH WERE MOST SUCCESSFUL IN IMPLEMENTING THESE ELEMENTS ALSO HAD IN COMMON CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORTS: UNITY OF SUPERVISION, LOWER-LEVEL FLEXIBILITY IN POLICY-MAKING, UNIFIED DELIVERY OF SERVICES, AND COMBINED INVESTIGATIVE AND PATROL FUNCTIONS. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL APPROACHES IN PREPARING FOR TEAM POLICING ARE PROVIDED. IN GENERAL, THOSE CITIES WHICH INVOLVED PATROL OFFICERS AND LOWER LEVEL SUPERVISORS DIRECTLY IN THE PLANNING PROCESS WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL. APPROACHES TAKEN WITH REGARD TO RECRUITMENT OF TEAM MEMBERS, PATROL STYLE, SELECTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AREA, AND TRAINING ARE EXAMINED. FINALLY, THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN ACTUALLY OPERATING THE TEAM POLICING PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED. THESE INCLUDE PROBLEMS IN ADMINISTRATION, JURISDICTIONAL PROBLEMS, PUBLIC SUPPORT, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS, AND PROBLEMS OF COORDINATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT SHIFTS.
DA  - 1975///
PY  - 1975
SP  - 23
EP  - 23
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9839535?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>TEAM POLICING (FROM POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT, 1973-1974, V 2, 1975 BY JAMES T CURRAN AND RICHARD H WARD - SEE NCJ-28138)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR31894; 31894</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Police effectiveness (00582)
KW  - Police organizational structure (00095)
KW  - Management (03977)
KW  - Police manpower deployment (00328)
KW  - Police patrol (04351)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Reducing Preventable Harm in Hospitals
AU  - Bornstein, David
T2  - Opinionator: NY Times
AB  - Agencies and hospitals working together want methods and protocols with which to guard better against the risks that can harm — or kill — the patient.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/T7Ky1klwPCk
DA  - 2016/01/26/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/reducing-preventable-harm-in-hospitals/
Y2  - 2017/05/12/17:01:51
L2  - https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/reducing-preventable-harm-in-hospitals/?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&mtrref=undefined&gwh=28BA2ED5A7D75B9E09ECE82573E4A9A7&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/26/reducing-preventable-harm-in-hospitals/?smprod=nytcore-ipad&smid=nytcore-ipad-share&mtrref=undefined&gwh=28BA2ED5A7D75B9E09ECE82573E4A9A7&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Do Fairness and Equity Matter?: An Examination of Organizational Justice Among Correctional Officers in Adult Prisons
AU  - Taxman, Faye S.
AU  - Gordon, Jill A.
T2  - Criminal Justice and Behavior, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 695 - 711, July 2009
AB  - This study examined factors that affect organizational justice, particularly as it relates to the work environment among correctional officers. The study examined hypotheses regarding how perception of fairness affects organizational climate, commitment to goals, job stress, and officers' assessment of supervisory leadership and safety within the prison walls. The study found that the organizational justice hypotheses were supported. Results found consistent support of both organizational justice dimensions as leading predictors of job stress and variants of organization commitment (climate for learning and type of organizational climate). In addition, procedural justice is dependably related to individual perceptions of fear and perceived risk of inmate/officer victimization. The study demonstrated the importance of assessing the level of organizational justice within the prison environment. The largest lesson learned is that the general notion of treating others with respect is a core factor in creating a positive environment to move an organization forward. This study adds to a small body of literature on how organizational justice affects organizational change, culture, and commitment, as well as the correctional officer's perception of risk and fear in the workplace. Data were collected from 1,231 correctional line staff across one State's prison institutions. Tables, appendix, and references
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 17
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9794055?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Do Fairness and Equity Matter?: An Examination of Organizational Justice Among Correctional Officers in Adult Prisons<br/>Date revised - 2009-12-29 Last updated - 2012-09-06 Contract number - NIDA U01 DA 16213</p>
KW  - Organization studies (04179)
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Work attitudes (04546)
KW  - Attitudes toward authority (01240)
KW  - Correctional organization (04253)
KW  - Employer attitudes (05169)
KW  - Work loads (00868)
KW  - Workplace (89061)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Towards a framework for preventing community violence among youth
AU  - Abt, Thomas
T2  - Psychology, Health & Medicine
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/4M37-rO0w1g
DA  - 2014/12//
PY  - 2014
VL  - Online
UR  - http://www.knowviolenceinchildhood.org/images/pdf/15-Abt-Towards-a-framework-for-preventing-community-violence-among-youth.pdf
Y2  - 2017/03/13/16:54:10
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Prescription for Systemic Learning Management
AU  - Martin, Vertel T.
T2  - FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 9 - 11, December 2005
AB  - This article discusses the features of organizational learning and systems thinking in law enforcement agencies, based on Peter Senge's concepts of how institutions can change their perspectives of their missions and operations. Senge emphasized the importance of learning in organizations, and he outlined five key internal interventions required for continuous learning to occur: mental models, personal mastery, team learning, shared vision, and systems thinking. Mental models include the thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions of individuals in an organization, based on their knowledge, experiences, and opinions. "Personal mastery" is the continuous, ongoing improvement in the use of information and resources to achieve better results. "Team learning" consists of becoming more knowledgeable and proficient in working well as a group. "Shared vision" means that members of an organization have a clear understanding and commitment to a common mission and methods of implementing it; and "systems thinking" is a paradigm that explains the interconnectedness and interdependence of the parts of an organization. It deconstructs the concept that the organization is a machine composed of interchangeable parts. Instead, according to Senge, members of an organization and the causes of problems in the organization are part of a single system, such that the problem and its resolution are owned by all parts of the organization. 17 notes
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 3
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9722520?accountid=26333http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/leb.htm
N1  - <p>Prescription for Systemic Learning Management<br/>Date revised - 2006-03-09 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Organization studies (04179)
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - Police management training (09549)
KW  - Organizational theories (08928)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Culture of Safety: No One Gets Hurt Today
AU  - Whitman, Mark
AU  - Smith, Christopher A.
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 20-24, 26 - 27, November 2005
AB  - This article explains how the DuPont Company's concept of a culture of safety can apply to law enforcement agencies. DuPont is a company with a strong safety culture, and the company has been invited to play a role in the Safe Shield project being undertaken by the International Association of Chiefs of Police's Division of State Associations of Chiefs of Police (SACOP). DuPont, which is one of the safest industrial companies in the world, is using its 200-year history of accumulated safety knowledge and experience to help other companies and organizations improve their safety records. DuPont's safety culture is based on a core set of principles. These principles condition employees to believe that safety is a core business and personal value; all injuries and safety incidents are preventable; line-management safety observations are necessary to show commitment, caring, and ownership for safety; line managers are accountable for the safety performance of their employees; employee involvement in the safety management process is critical; working safely is a condition of employment; all injuries must be reported immediately; safety off the job is an important element of the overall safety effort; and it is essential to investigate injuries and occupation illnesses as well as incidents with the potential for injury. Based on these principles, DuPont has developed the following 12-point checklist to help police leaders put their beliefs about safety into action: set a good example; know the operation; anticipate risks; discuss hazards; be alert for unsafe conditions; follow up; inspect often and inspect intelligently; take effective corrective actions; investigate incidents; maintain discipline; know your employees; and make safety part of your operation.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 7-7
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9714429?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Culture of Safety: No One Gets Hurt Today<br/>Date revised - 2006-02-09 Language of summary - English Pages - 7 ProQuest ID - 9714429 Last updated - 2012-09-06 British nursing index edition - Police Chief, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 20-24, 26 - 27, November 2005 Corporate institution author - Whitman, Mark; Smith, Christopher A DOI - NCJR233809; 233809</p>
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Strategic Problem Solving, Project Safe Neighborhoods, and the New Criminal Justice (From New Criminal Justice: American Communities and the Changing World of Crime Control, P 28-37, 2010, John Klofas, Natalie Kroovand Hipple, and Edmund McGarrell, eds. - See NCJ-230360)
AU  - McGarrell, Edmund F.
AB  - This chapter describes some of the innovative criminal justice practices that helped shape the strategic problem solving model featured in the "New Criminal Justice," using the U.S. Justice Department's gun-violence reduction program call Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN). The core components of the PSN strategy to reduce gun crime were partnerships, strategic planning, training, outreach, and accountability. Regarding partnerships, the PSN program was intended to increase partnerships between Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies through the formation of a local gun crime enforcement task force. "Strategic planning" under the PSN program requires that the Federal PSN program be tailored to local contexts. Resources were provided for the inclusion of a local research partner who would work with the PSN task force to analyze the local gun crime problem and share the findings with the task force for the development of a proactive plan for gun-crime reduction. The training included resources for ensuring that law enforcement agencies and prosecutors were trained in the effective prosecution of gun cases. The architects of PSN also recognized that increased sanctions would have the most impact if accompanied with a media campaign that threatened Federal prosecution for illegal possession and use of a gun. Regarding "accountability," the leadership of the PSN at the Federal level emphasized that PSN would focus on outcomes, i.e., reduced gun crime, rather than outputs such as arrests and cases prosecuted. The strategic problem-solving model was also based on a set of core themes: focusing resources, using research to help guide action, and expanding the boundaries of involvement. The implementation of each of these core themes in the PSN is discussed in this chapter. 2 tables and 6 notes
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 10
N1  - <p>Strategic Problem Solving, Project Safe Neighborhoods, and the New Criminal Justice (From New Criminal Justice: American Communities and the Changing World of Crime Control, P 28-37, 2010, John Klofas, Natalie Kroovand Hipple, and Edmund McGarrell, eds. - See NCJ-230360)<br/>Date revised - 2013-10-04 Availability - Routledge, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
KW  - Interagency cooperation (04204)
KW  - Crime control policies (08705)
KW  - Crime control programs (00259)
KW  - Crime specific countermeasures (04284)
KW  - Criminology (04615)
KW  - Gun Violence (89077)
KW  - Intergovernmental relations (05121)
KW  - Problem oriented policing (10382)
KW  - Violent crimes (01354)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Observations regarding key operational realities in a Compstat model of policing
AU  - Dabney, Dean
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - Much has been written about the design, implementation, and crime‐related outcomes of the Compstat model of policing. However, there exists a paucity of literature investigating the operational realities of this approach. Drawing on 350 hours of ethnographic work conducted in a single geographic command within a metropolitan police department, this paper seeks to explore how officers orient to and internalize various dimensions of the Compstat model. The results identify a series of potential pitfalls associated with the Compstat model.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 28
EP  - 51
SN  - 0741-8825
N1  - <p>Observations regarding key operational realities in a Compstat model of policing</p>
N1  - <p>This article presents an ethnographic study of CompStat’s operations in one large-sized southeast police agency, finding that a breakdown in communication across ranks and geographic units impairs the program’s success.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leadership training concepts and techniques: The After Action Review
AU  - O'Shea, John R.
T2  - Officer
AB  - Explains how the United States Army's After Action Review program contributes to the service's organizational learning and effectiveness. Evolution of techniques designed to improve Army training and raise the organization from its post-Vietnam malaise; Initiation of a cultural shift; Conduct of simulated tank warfare at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
SP  - 50
SN  - 00300268
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=2097946&site=ehost-live
AN  - 2097946
N1  - <p>Leadership training concepts and techniques: The After Action Review<br/>Authors: O'Shea, John R.; Subject: UNITED States. Army; Subject: ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness; Number of Pages: 1p</p>
KW  - Organizational Effectiveness
KW  - UNITED States. Army
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Life of the Law Podcast
AU  - LIfe of the Law
AB  - Life of the Law’s producers, editors and scholars work in partnership to investigate and publish documentary audio stories about people and their relationship to law.  Life of the Law’s investigative reports have received the 2016 National Edward R. Murrow Award for best documentary,  2016 Green Eyeshades Award for best reporting on the South, and our report Shaken is a finalist for the 2017 Peter Lisagor Award.
UR  - http://www.lifeofthelaw.org
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - My Near Miss
AU  - Ofri, Danielle
AB  - Doyle: An account of a near miss and an argument that an institution's leadership have to self-consciously move things towards a non-blaming environment.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/opinion/addressing-medical-errors.html?hp&_r=1&
N1  - <p>Date<br/>My Near Miss</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Effective Postvention for Police Suicide (From Police Suicide: Tactics for Prevention, P 88-104, 2003, Dell P. Hackett, and John M. Violanti, eds., -- See NCJ-199787)
AU  - Loo, Robert
AB  - This chapter discusses actions taken after a suicide to help survivors. The term postvention describes the sorts of actions taken after a suicide largely to help survivors such as family, friends, and co-workers. Survivors of a suicide can be viewed as victims of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in need of assistance in dealing with their grief reaction. Some signs and symptoms of distress and bereavement resulting from the suicide of an officer are feelings of depression, grief, helplessness, abandonment, and guilt. There may be anger towards the suicide victim, the police department, other survivors, or the media. The major steps in postventions include establishing and executing a standing operating procedure for postvention; having a crisis team trained and ready; and having a debriefing facility readily available. The issue of suicide contagion is important because police are armed and can readily commit suicide in an impulsive moment. Police supervisors and health professionals must be alert to any warning signs that a survivor is experiencing suicidal ideation or intent. In a model for suicide postvention for police, two program areas are emphasized: the critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) and survivor support. The CISD has the following characteristics: (1) a single session, half-day or full-day (2) a group session for survivors to share their common grief; (3) occurs within 1 to 3 days of the suicide; (4) a secluded and safe location is used; and (5) the selection, training, and experience of a facilitator to ensure the process is conducted effectively. The steps are to describe the process and set ground rules for the session; express feelings about the suicide; draw out signs and symptoms of distress; and prepare an after action report to the police department and health professionals. Psychological autopsies are useful in addressing three questions: (1) what was the mode of suicide; (2) what were the circumstances surrounding the suicide; and (3) why did the officer commit suicide. Policies and programs for postvention should be evaluated periodically. 32 references, appendix
CY  - United States
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 17-17
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9738244?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Effective Postvention for Police Suicide (From Police Suicide: Tactics for Prevention, P 88-104, 2003, Dell P. Hackett, and John M. Violanti, eds., -- See NCJ-199787)<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - Charles C Thomas, 2600 South First Street, Springfield, IL 62794 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR199793; 199793</p>
KW  - *Police suicide (11358)
KW  - Behavior under stress (04043)
KW  - Critical incident stress (11049)
KW  - Police occupational stress (05387)
KW  - Suicide (03411)
KW  - Suicide causes (09919)
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Santa Clara County increases oversight of cases of youths being charged as adults
AU  - Gomez, Mark
T2  - The Mercury News
AB  - Santa Clara County increases oversight of cases of youths being charged as adults
DA  - 2015/02/21/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.mercurynews.com/2015/02/21/santa-clara-county-increases-oversight-of-cases-of-youths-being-charged-as-adults/
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Black Activists Don’t Ignore Crime
AU  - Miller, Lisa L.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The work of grass-roots organizations to make streets safer doesn’t get news media attention.
DA  - 2016/08/05/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:48:06
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/06/opinion/black-activists-dont-ignore-crime.html?ref=oembed&_r=0
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Demonstrations, Protests and Riots
KW  - Giuliani, Rudolph W
KW  - Mothers in Charge
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Watching the Detectives: Will Probe of Cop’s Cases Extend to Prosecutors?
AU  - Sapien, Joaquin
AB  - http://www.propublica.org/article/watching-the-detectives-will-probe-of-cops-cases-extend-to-prosecutors
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Watching the Detectives: Will Probe of Cop’s Cases Extend to Prosecutors?</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Coast Guard reviewing policies after rescue gone wrong off Gloucester - The Boston Globe
AU  - Macdonald
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The Coast Guard is considering policy changes after the rescue that saved two crew members but saw one die.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/01/coast-guard-reviewing-policies-after-rescue-gone-wrong-off-gloucester/tQUV9AiUnv05Lo7gUE6v5J/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/15/17:41:10
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/01/coast-guard-reviewing-policies-after-rescue-gone-wrong-off-gloucester/tQUV9AiUnv05Lo7gUE6v5J/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/01/coast-guard-reviewing-policies-after-rescue-gone-wrong-off-gloucester/tQUV9AiUnv05Lo7gUE6v5J/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root-cause analysis of a potentially sentinel transfusion event: lessons for improvement of patient safety
AU  - Adibi, Hossein
AU  - Khalesi, Nader
AU  - Ravaghi, Hamid
AU  - Jafari, Mahdi
AU  - Jeddian, Ali Reza
T2  - Acta Medica Iranica
AB  - Errors prevention and patient safety in transfusion medicine are a serious concern. Errors can occur at any step in transfusion and evaluation of their root causes can be helpful for preventive measures. Root cause analysis as a structured and systematic approach can be used for identification of underlying causes of adverse events. To specify system vulnerabilities and illustrate the potential of such an approach, we describe the root cause analysis of a case of transfusion error in emergency ward that could have been fatal. After reporting of the mentioned event, through reviewing records and interviews with the responsible personnel, the details of the incident were elaborated. Then, an expert panel meeting was held to define event timeline and the care and service delivery problems and discuss their underlying causes, safeguards and preventive measures. Root cause analysis of the mentioned event demonstrated that certain defects of the system and the ensuing errors were main causes of the event. It also points out systematic corrective actions. It can be concluded that health care organizations should endeavor to provide opportunities to discuss errors and adverse events and introduce preventive measures to find areas where resources need to be allocated to improve patient safety.;
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
SP  - 624
EP  - 631
SN  - 1735-9694
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=23165813&site=ehost-live
AN  - 23165813
DB  - mdc
N1  - Date of Electronic Publication: 20120101. Current Imprints: Publication: <2000- > : Tehran : Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Original Imprints: Publication: Teheran : University Of Teheran, Faculty Of Medicine
N1  - Date of Electronic Publication: 20120101. Current Imprints: Publication: <2000- > : Tehran : Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Original Imprints: Publication: Teheran : University Of Teheran, Faculty Of Medicine
N1  - Date of Electronic Publication: 20120101. Current Imprints: Publication: <2000- > : Tehran : Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Original Imprints: Publication: Teheran : University Of Teheran, Faculty Of Medicine
N1  - Date of Electronic Publication: 20120101. Current Imprints: Publication: <2000- > : Tehran : Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Original Imprints: Publication: Teheran : University Of Teheran, Faculty Of Medicine
KW  - Sentinel Surveillance*
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Patients*
KW  - Safety*
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Lessons Learned: Advice for New Chiefs
AU  - Perdue, Jimmy
T2  - The Police Chief, vol. 75, no. 10, pp. 176 - 178, October 2008
AB  - This article provides advice for new police chiefs based on lessons learned by the author, the Chief of Police in North Richland Hills, TX. First, gain knowledge of the department s past before setting a path for a new vision. Years of hard work and dedication by scores of individuals went into the creation of the department s organizational culture, and this must be respected; however, if the culture is no longer in step with the expectations of the community, then changes must be made. Changes for the future, however, must be carefully crafted to achieve desired goals without disregarding the values set from the past. Second, review the history of complaints/commendations. This helps the new chief determine trends and recurring themes in officer behavior. A review of the internal files of the command staff and random internal affairs files can help the new chief determine the quality of the investigations performed. Familiarity with these files will help the new chief determine where the department has fallen short and where the community views the department as being effective. Third, establish priorities that involve incremental changes. This will give personnel an opportunity to learn about, accept, and commit to changes. Fourth, evaluate policies and procedures. A new chief can gain important insight into the culture of a police organization by looking at the way its policies are written and where it places its priorities. It is important to compare written policies with actual practices. Fifth, determine community expectations for the department by communicating with community representatives in both individual and group meetings. Sixth, address operational issues, such as citations, arrests, training and hiring standards, and job duties. Seventh, be the torchbearer for a service-oriented mentality committed to serving everyone in the community as well as those in municipal government.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 3-3
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9808826?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Lessons Learned: Advice for New Chiefs<br/>Date revised - 2009-06-10 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR246583; 246583</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Change management (05376)
KW  - Police management training (09549)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Drift into Failure: From Hunting Broken Components to Understanding Complex Systems
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - What does the collapse of sub-prime lending have in common with a broken jackscrew in an airliner’s tailplane? Or the oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico with the burn-up of Space Shuttle Columbia? These were systems that drifted into failure. While pursuing success in a dynamic, complex environment with limited resources and multiple goal conflicts, a succession of small, everyday decisions eventually produced breakdowns on a massive scale.  We have trouble grasping the complexity and normality that gives rise to such large events. We hunt for broken parts, fixable properties, people we can hold accountable. Our analyses of complex system breakdowns remain depressingly linear, depressingly componential - imprisoned in the space of ideas once defined by Newton and Descartes.  The growth of complexity in society has outpaced our understanding of how complex systems work and fail. Our technologies have gotten ahead of our theories. We are able to build things - deep-sea oil rigs, jackscrews, collateralized debt obligations - whose properties we understand in isolation. But in competitive, regulated societies, their connections proliferate, their interactions and interdependencies multiply, their complexities mushroom.  This book explores complexity theory and systems thinking to understand better how complex systems drift into failure. It studies sensitive dependence on initial conditions, unruly technology, tipping points, diversity - and finds that failure emerges opportunistically, non-randomly, from the very webs of relationships that breed success and that are supposed to protect organizations from disaster. It develops a vocabulary that allows us to harness complexity and find new ways of managing drift.
CY  - Farnham ; Burlington, VT
DA  - 2011/03/02/
PY  - 2011
DP  - Amazon
ET  - New edition edition
SP  - 234
LA  - English
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-4094-2221-1
ST  - Drift into Failure
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Drift-into-Failure-Components-Understanding/dp/1409422216
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Drift-into-Failure-Components-Understanding/dp/1409422216
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving the effectiveness of root cause analysis in post mortem analysis: A controlled experiment
AU  - Bjornson, Finn Olav
AU  - Wang, Alf Inge
AU  - Arisholm, Erik
T2  - Information and Software Technology
DA  - 2009/01//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.infsof.2008.02.003
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 150
EP  - 161
SN  - 0950-5849
UR  - ://WOS:000262077500014
AN  - WOS:000262077500014
N1  - <p>11</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Crime lab errors create overload for prosecutors
AU  - Metzger, Andy
AB  - http://bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/02/21/district-attorney-conley-cautions-lawmakers-adding-demands-without-resources/g5PjmJj7Gpdjm4N8mgewWO/story.html Note by Doyle: It has been interesting to watch the story unfold. Iniitial reports and media coverage pursued the "bad apple" approach, focusing on the lone lab tech who had falsify results. The industrial, aviation, and medical reformers would argue as we know that this is inadequate. That, as Sydney Dekker would say, we not only have to go "down and in" to find the single bad component---here, a culpable operator---but also "up and out" to weigh the environmental factors that put pressure on the component, moved the operation towards its margins, an made the lone workers horrific decisions look like good decisions (to her at the time.) A telling illustration of the vulnerability of checklists, accreditation standards, inspection schemes, etc. to caseload and clearance rate pressures. In this article the District Attorney is essentially arguing this point, but without apparent awareness of why it matters except to increase his budget. (And no awareness that prosecutors' offices may be contributing to the workload by bringing pointless cases, failing to cancel tests in dropped or pled cases, etc.) I think the "Just Culture" people would argue that if the culture (not the, structures, or written protocols alone) in the lab had permitted early cooperative interventions this could have been avoided. The question arises whether someone like this prosecutor could be persuaded to see the issue in other than "more prosecutors!"Show trimmed content
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Crime lab errors create overload for prosecutors</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Crime lab errors create overload for prosecutors</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator
AU  - Crow, Matthew S.
AU  - Lee, Chang-Bae
AU  - Joo, Jae-Jin
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
AB  - Purpose – In spite of the importance of officers' perception of organizational justice and its influence on organizational commitment, the policing literature lacks information about the relationship between the factors. Using job satisfaction as a mediator, this study aims to examine an indirect influence of organizational justice on police officers' commitment to their organization.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 402
EP  - 423
SN  - 1363-951X
N1  - <p>Organizational justice and organizational commitment among South Korean police officers: An investigation of job satisfaction as a mediator</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Systems Approach to Error Reduction in Criminal Justice
AU  - Hollway, John
T2  - Faculty Scholarship
DA  - 2014/02/01/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/976
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Examining the Symptoms of Groupthink and Retrospective Sensemaking
AU  - Henningsen, David Dryden
AU  - Henningsen, Mary Lynn Miller
AU  - Eden, Jennifer
AU  - Cruz, Michael G.
T2  - Small Group Research
AB  - The symptoms of groupthink traditionally have been treated as part of a single process associated with poor decision making in groups. The present study explores the symptoms of groupthink as reflecting two distinct processes that vary depending on the confidence individuals have in the decision favored by the group. It is further argued that past research using qualitative approaches may produce an illusory correlation among the groupthink symptoms because of retrospective sensemaking occurring when individuals have evidence they have made a poor decision. An experiment, providing support for each of these contentions, is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Small Group Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 36
EP  - 64
SN  - 10464964
UR  - 10.1177/1046496405281772http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=22496909&site=ehost-live
AN  - 22496909
N1  - <p>Examining the Symptoms of Groupthink and Retrospective Sensemaking<br/>Henningsen, David Dryden 1; Email Address: tm0dxh1@wpo.cso.niu.edu Henningsen, Mary Lynn Miller 1 Eden, Jennifer 1 Cruz, Michael G. 2; Affiliation: 1: Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 2: GCR, Portland, OR; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p36; Subject Term: INTERGROUP relations; Subject Term: GROUPTHINK theory (Communication); Subject Term: SENSEMAKING theory (Communication); Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: DECISION theory; Subject Term: INGROUPS (Social groups); Subject Term: INTERGROUP communication; Subject Term: SOCIAL perception; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: compliance; Author-Supplied Keyword: decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: groupthink; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: reinforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensemaking; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Examining the Symptoms of Groupthink and Retrospective Sensemaking<br/>Henningsen, David Dryden 1; Email Address: tm0dxh1@wpo.cso.niu.edu Henningsen, Mary Lynn Miller 1 Eden, Jennifer 1 Cruz, Michael G. 2; Affiliation: 1: Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 2: GCR, Portland, OR; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p36; Subject Term: INTERGROUP relations; Subject Term: GROUPTHINK theory (Communication); Subject Term: SENSEMAKING theory (Communication); Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: DECISION theory; Subject Term: INGROUPS (Social groups); Subject Term: INTERGROUP communication; Subject Term: SOCIAL perception; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: compliance; Author-Supplied Keyword: decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: groupthink; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: reinforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensemaking; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - compliance
KW  - DECISION theory
KW  - groupthink
KW  - GROUPTHINK theory (Communication)
KW  - hidden profiles
KW  - INGROUPS (Social groups)
KW  - INTERGROUP communication
KW  - INTERGROUP relations
KW  - INTERPERSONAL relations
KW  - reinforcement
KW  - sensemaking
KW  - SENSEMAKING theory (Communication)
KW  - SOCIAL perception
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - LEARNING FROM FAILURE: A ROUNDTABLE ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INNOVATION
AU  - Berman, Greg
AB  - Criminal justice literature is full of “best practices”—depictions of how drug courts reduced recidivism, or how COMPSTAT2 helped lower crime rates in New York City, or how DNA testing enabled a culprit to be nabbed. And rightly so: success in any endeavor is difficult to achieve and deserves to be celebrated. This is especially true in criminal justice, where for too long practitioners labored under the widespread assumption that “nothing works” and that it was impossible to reduce crime or change the behavior of offenders.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
PB  - Center for Court Innovation
UR  - http://www.courtinnovation.org/sites/default/files/Learning_from_Failure.pdf
N1  - <p>LEARNING FROM FAILURE: A ROUNDTABLE ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INNOVATION</p>
N1  - <p>LEARNING FROM FAILURE: A ROUNDTABLE ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INNOVATION</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The forensic confirmation bias: Problems, perspectives, and proposed solutions
AU  - Kassin, Saul M
AU  - Dror, Itiel E
AU  - Kukucka, Jeff
T2  - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 42
EP  - 52
J2  - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
SN  - 2211-3681
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Mosby derailed program to analyze Baltimore homicides - Baltimore Sun
AU  - Rector, Kevin
DA  - 2015/08/02/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-homicide-commission-20150801-story.html#page=1
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:10:20
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Learning From Mistakes – Models of Investigation. Conference Transcript
AU  - American Judicature Society
T2  - National Conference on Preventing the Conviction of Innocent Persons
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://www.ajs.org/wc/pdfs/2003_conference_transcript.pdf
N1  - <p>January 17-19<br/>Learning From Mistakes – Models of Investigation. Conference Transcript</p>
N1  - <p>January 17-19<br/>Learning From Mistakes – Models of Investigation. Conference Transcript</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - No Turned Backs at Officer Liu’s Funeral, Bratton Asks - The New York Times
AU  - Southall, Ashley
T2  - New York Times
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ISfvkZaIrEQ
DA  - 2015/01/03/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/03/nyregion/no-turned-backs-at-officer-lius-funeral-bratton-asks.html?ref=nyregion
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:47:44
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Fixing the Eyewitness Problem
AU  - Kix, Paul
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - How a travesty led to criminal-justice innovation in Texas.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/M0MQGcfep-4
DA  - 2016/01/18/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/18/recognition-annals-of-justice-paul-kix
Y2  - 2017/05/15/16:38:51
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/18/recognition-annals-of-justice-paul-kix
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/18/recognition-annals-of-justice-paul-kix
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A suicide in the courtroom
AU  - Globe, The Boston
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Defendants with mental illness are much more likely to receive punishment than treatment, putting Massachusetts courts behind much of the country in addressing the mental health crisis.
DA  - 2016/11/12/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts
Y2  - 2017/03/24/17:16:45
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
L2  - https://apps.bostonglobe.com/spotlight/the-desperate-and-the-dead/series/courts/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Why Are So Many Americans in Prison?
AU  - Neyfakh, Leon
T2  - Slate
AB  - A provocative new theory.
DA  - 2015/02/06/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/02/mass_incarceration_a_provocative_new_theory_for_why_so_many_americans_are.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WIDER, STRONGER, AND DIFFERENT NETS: THE DIALECTICS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM
AU  - Austin, James
AU  - Krisberg, Barry
T2  - Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency
AB  - Criminal justice reformers often speak of their concern with the widening net of the criminal justice system, but they demonstrate little understanding of this phenomenon. Despite considerable reform activity during the past two decades, the reach of the justice system has remained unchanged or even has been extended. This paper examines the dialectics of reform movements and their intended or unintended consequences in widening, strengthening, or creating different nets of social control. Six major reform movements (diversion, decarceration, due process, decriminalization, deterrence, and just deserts) are reviewed to illustrate how organizational dynamics function to resist, distort, and frustrate the reform's original purposes. The authors also argue that potential reformers cannot ignore the surrounding social, political, economic, and ideological context. Reformers must recognize that legal, programmatic, and administrative reforms are themselves circumscribed by political and economic forces. Future efforts at change must include detailed analyses of the larger political-economic structure and its interconnections with the social control apparatus if more substantive results are to be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 1981///
PY  - 1981
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 165
EP  - 196
SN  - 00224278
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=5543063&site=ehost-live
AN  - 5543063
N1  - <p>WIDER, STRONGER, AND DIFFERENT NETS: THE DIALECTICS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM<br/>Austin, James 1 Krisberg, Barry 2; Affiliation: 1: Senior Research Associate, Research Center West, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, San Francisco 2: Director, Research Center West, NCCD; Source Info: Jan81, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: SOCIAL control; Subject Term: DECRIMINALIZATION; Subject Term: DETERRENCE (Strategy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>WIDER, STRONGER, AND DIFFERENT NETS: THE DIALECTICS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM<br/>Austin, James 1 Krisberg, Barry 2; Affiliation: 1: Senior Research Associate, Research Center West, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, San Francisco 2: Director, Research Center West, NCCD; Source Info: Jan81, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: SOCIAL control; Subject Term: DECRIMINALIZATION; Subject Term: DETERRENCE (Strategy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>WIDER, STRONGER, AND DIFFERENT NETS: THE DIALECTICS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM<br/>Austin, James 1 Krisberg, Barry 2; Affiliation: 1: Senior Research Associate, Research Center West, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, San Francisco 2: Director, Research Center West, NCCD; Source Info: Jan81, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: SOCIAL control; Subject Term: DECRIMINALIZATION; Subject Term: DETERRENCE (Strategy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>WIDER, STRONGER, AND DIFFERENT NETS: THE DIALECTICS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM<br/>Austin, James 1 Krisberg, Barry 2; Affiliation: 1: Senior Research Associate, Research Center West, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, San Francisco 2: Director, Research Center West, NCCD; Source Info: Jan81, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: SOCIAL control; Subject Term: DECRIMINALIZATION; Subject Term: DETERRENCE (Strategy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - REFORMS
KW  - DECRIMINALIZATION
KW  - DETERRENCE (Strategy)
KW  - SOCIAL control
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exonerating the Innocent: Pretrial Innocence Procedures
AU  - Bakken, Tim
AU  - Steel, Lewis M.
T2  - NYL Sch. L. Rev.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 56
SP  - 825
N1  - <p>Exonerating the Innocent: Pretrial Innocence Procedures</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Clueless cop targets liberal: NYPD union chief says mayor thinks he’s running “a f**ing revolution”
AU  - Walsh, Joan
T2  - Salon
AB  - The U.S. faces an epidemic of not only police violence -- but police insurrection against civilian oversight
DA  - 2014/12/18/
PY  - 2014
ST  - Clueless cop targets liberal
UR  - http://www.salon.com/2014/12/18/clueless_cop_targets_liberal_nypd_union_chief_says_mayor_thinks_he%e2%80%99s_running_%e2%80%9ca_fing_revolution%e2%80%9d/
Y2  - 2017/06/14/17:30:16
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Wreck of Amtrak 188
AU  - Shaer, Matthew
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - What caused the worst American rail disaster in decades?
DA  - 2016/01/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/magazine/the-wreck-of-amtrak-188.html
Y2  - 2017/05/12/17:08:57
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/magazine/the-wreck-of-amtrak-188.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=1D25EE85E6728DB017B4B7222D4217B8&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/magazine/the-wreck-of-amtrak-188.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=photo-spot-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=1D25EE85E6728DB017B4B7222D4217B8&gwt=pay
KW  - Amtrak
KW  - Bostian, Brandon (1983- )
KW  - Philadelphia (Pa)
KW  - Railroad Accidents and Safety
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Lawmakers impose stricter penalties for prosecutors in response to snitch scandal
AU  - Saavedra, Tony
T2  - Orange County Register
AB  - Prosecutors who intentionally withhold evidence from defense attorneys or the court could face tougher punishment and greater scrutiny under a new state law prompted by the misuse of jailhouse info...
DA  - 2016/01/14/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.ocregister.com/2016/01/14/lawmakers-impose-stricter-penalties-for-prosecutors-in-response-to-snitch-scandal/
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:11:08
L2  - http://www.ocregister.com/2016/01/14/lawmakers-impose-stricter-penalties-for-prosecutors-in-response-to-snitch-scandal/
L2  - http://www.ocregister.com/2016/01/14/lawmakers-impose-stricter-penalties-for-prosecutors-in-response-to-snitch-scandal/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A study of California prosecutors finds a lack of diversity - LA Times
AU  - Mukamal, Debbie
AU  - Slansky, David Alan
DA  - 2015/07/29/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-0729-sklanskymukamal-diversity-prosecutors-california-20150729-story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - What’s New About Bill Bratton’s N.Y.P.D.?
AU  - Auletta, Ken
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - After stop-and-frisk and Eric Garner, he wants to change how New Yorkers see the police.
DA  - 2015/09/07/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/09/07/fixing-broken-windows
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:52:52
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/09/07/fixing-broken-windows?mbid=nl_090115_Daily_Photo&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8032751&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=760091848&spReportId=NzYwMDkxODQ4S0%20-%20show%20quoted%20text%20-
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/09/07/fixing-broken-windows?mbid=nl_090115_Daily_Photo&CNDID=35363772&spMailingID=8032751&spUserID=OTc2MTc4ODc5NjgS1&spJobID=760091848&spReportId=NzYwMDkxODQ4S0%20-%20show%20quoted%20text%20-
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Life and Death Decisionmaking
AU  - improvingpolice
T2  - Improving Police
AB  - [This past week I had a contact from a man who served a number of years ago as a police officer in Kansas City, Mo. He shared with me a story about a decision point that could have unalterably chan...
DA  - 2014/12/04/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://improvingpolice.wordpress.com/2014/12/04/life-and-death-decisionmaking/
Y2  - 2017/06/15/16:22:27
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - International Perspectives on Wrongful Convictions: Workshop Report
AU  - Jolicoeur, Miranda
AB  - http://www.nij.gov/topics/courts/sentencing/international-perspective-on-wrongful-convictions.pdf Summary of a NIJ workshop on how different countries addrress wrongful convictions. "The Group thought that the use of the organizational accdent model may help researchers look into the causes for wrongful convictions and help prevent them. The reasoning is that other fields such as medicine, aviation, and various industries have all experienced disasters and mistakes. These mistakes warn those looking at the causes not to look at one cause, but a combination of several causes to determine what went wrong. Therefore a defect in the system may not be one police officer for example, but a variety of things. Participants felt that the answer cannot only be committing to an end-of process inspection; there must be a continuous quality improvement culture throughout the system (p.12)."
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
N1  - <p>September<br/>International Perspectives on Wrongful Convictions: Workshop Report</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Exoneration of Brandon Olebar
AU  - Larson, Mark
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - A prosecutor considers one his office got wrong.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/RbH2fDsLqGA
DA  - 2015/02/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/02/13/the-exoneration-of-brandon-olebar
Y2  - 2017/06/13/13:47:59
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Oklahoma's Quality Assurance Experience: Continuous Improvement Through Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, Diversity and Best Practices
AU  - Boyer, Deborah K.
T2  - Corrections Today, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 38-40, - 42, August 2008
AB  - This article provides an overview of the Quality Assurance Unit in the Oklahoma Department of Corrections (ODOC). The article notes that quality assurance in the Oklahoma Department of Corrections is a philosophy and a strategy for continuous improvement at every level of the organization; the ODOC strategy makes an effort to ensure the best allocation of resources; provide the most efficient and effective operations based on continuous improvement; and ensure creation and delivery of quality (best practice), result driven programs and services to best fulfill the department s vision and mission. Key components of the ODOC Quality Assurance System consist of the use of organizational review panels composed of internal and external subject matter experts from other organizations, quality councils, and process action teams (PATs). The Executive Quality Council, composed of executive-level leadership, is responsible for identifying the department s quality assurance philosophy or strategic goals; supporting, modeling and promoting the quality assurance system; identifying and prioritizing critical issues with agency-wide impact and working with the Quality Assurance Unit to initiate organizational reviews or charter PATs to address those issues; and providing guidance, support and resources necessary to effect organizational changes resulting from reviews and PATs recommendations. Local quality councils, made up of management staff, are supported by a training component. One noted key benefit of this process is organizational transparency on the part of the agency. Several methods are used to reinforce this transparency and to keep employees informed about progress related to the agency s quality assurance effort, such as agencywide communications bulletins issued by e-mail and posted online, as well as through access to organizational review executive summaries and other information available on the Quality Assurance System Web page. 3 notes
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 4-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9800351?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Oklahoma's Quality Assurance Experience: Continuous Improvement Through Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, Diversity and Best Practices<br/>Date revised - 2009-01-07 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR245845; 245845</p>
KW  - *Quality control (04662)
KW  - Corrections agencies (09054)
KW  - Corrections management (04966)
KW  - Corrections policies (08975)
KW  - Corrections research (08997)
KW  - State Corrections Commissions (05061)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - LEO Near Miss: Lesssons Learned Become Lessons Applied
AU  - The Police Foundation
AB  - The Police Foundation is excited to
announce the new LEO Near Miss
system developed with support from
the COPS Office. This system will
allow law enforcement personnel
to share “close calls” in order to
help their peers stay safe and
prevent tragedies.
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PF_LEO_NearMiss_Flyer_Draft7_FRONT_0.pdf
Y2  - 2017/03/13/15:32:06
KW  - Incident reviews
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WHOSE JUSTICE? PROSECUTION AND DEFENSE REACTIONS TO CAPITAL-CASE REVERSALS
AU  - Parker, Paul
AU  - Coate, Ben
T2  - Justice System Journal
AB  - As many as two-thirds of capital cases are reversed due to serious error, an aggregate rate critics interpret as evidence of a malfunctioning system and which others portray as a system correctly functioning to detect errors. This article investigates reactions of prosecutors and defense attorneys to reversals in individual cases. Theoretically, both sets of actors are officers of the court with a duty to promote justice and may be pleased to see courts upholding due-process standards of legal guilt. However, defense attorneys and prosecuting attorneys have different commitments and incentives that likely affect their views of individual cases. From news articles reporting reversals in death penalty convictions and sentences between 1981 and 2005, we code reported reactions regarding the case outcomes and examine these reactions relative to case characteristics. We find a difference in the reactions of prosecutors and defense attorneys, which is better explained by a commitment to winning the case than by the theoretical role to see that justice is done. Notably, while the aggregate rate of reversals might be evidence the system is working, prosecutors rarely interpret an individual loss this way. Whether a sentence or conviction was overturned; whether this was done by a state or federal court; the reason for the reversal; and the length of time since the crime do not influence reactions.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 367
EP  - 384
SN  - 0098261X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=35064636&site=ehost-live
AN  - 35064636
N1  - <p>WHOSE JUSTICE? PROSECUTION AND DEFENSE REACTIONS TO CAPITAL-CASE REVERSALS<br/>Authors: Parker, Paul Coate, Ben; Subject: CRIMINAL law; Subject: CAPITAL punishment; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: LEGAL representation; Subject: PROSECUTORS; Subject: DEFENSE attorneys; Subject: STATE courts; Subject: FEDERAL courts; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph</p>
N1  - <p>WHOSE JUSTICE? PROSECUTION AND DEFENSE REACTIONS TO CAPITAL-CASE REVERSALS<br/>Authors: Parker, Paul Coate, Ben; Subject: CRIMINAL law; Subject: CAPITAL punishment; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: LEGAL representation; Subject: PROSECUTORS; Subject: DEFENSE attorneys; Subject: STATE courts; Subject: FEDERAL courts; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - PROSECUTORS
KW  - Capital punishment
KW  - DEFENSE attorneys
KW  - FEDERAL courts
KW  - LEGAL representation
KW  - STATE courts
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early Intervention Programs: An Effective Police Accountability Tool, or Punishment of the Productive?
AU  - Lersch, Kim Michelle
AU  - Bazley, Tom
AU  - Mieczkowski, Tom
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
AB  - Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine one agency's experience with their early intervention program (EIP), exploring the specifics of the program as well as the characteristics of the officers who were identified by their EIP criteria. Design/methodology/approach: Using data from calendar year 2000 that were provided from the Internal Affairs Bureau of a large Southern police department, the characteristics of EIP & non-EIP flagged officers, the classifying criteria examined, & the issue of productivity & opportunity investigated as they related to the classification criteria. Findings: EIP officers were more likely to be younger, male, & have fewer years of experience. Additionally, these officers made more arrests, filed more use of force reports, & used higher levels of force. All qualifications were based on the use of force. The findings highlighted the importance of considering the productivity of an officer along with the EIP criteria: opportunity (defined as the number of use of force reports filed) & the use of high force were inversely related. Among officers with the highest proportion of high force usage, none was classified as an EIP officer. Research limitations/implications: Findings are based on a single year from a single agency. No controls were able to be made for geographic assignment, potentially an important consideration. Practical implications: A very useful source of information for agencies wishing to adopt or modify an EIP program. Originality/value: As one of the first empirical analyses of EIPs, the research presented here sparks a debate on a number of issues, including the definition of "opportunity" & how agencies can improve their EIP systems. 5 Tables, 42 References. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1108/13639510610648485
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 58
EP  - 76
SN  - 1363-951X, 1363-951X
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/57189311?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Early Intervention Programs: An Effective Police Accountability Tool, or Punishment of the Productive?</p>
N1  - <p>Early Intervention Programs: An Effective Police Accountability Tool, or Punishment of the Productive?</p>
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Behaviour
KW  - Characteristics
KW  - Early intervention programmes
KW  - Performance management
KW  - Police officers
KW  - Police, Behaviour, Employee accountability, Performance management systems
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Missed opportunities, shared responsibilities: The final report of the Cambridge Review Committee
AU  - Commission, Cambridge Review
AB  - http://www.cambridgema.gov/CityOfCambridge_Content/documents/Cambridge%20Review_FINAL.pdf Note Doyle: "I'm pasting here a link to the Cambridge Review Commission's final report regarding the arrest of Harvard Professor Henry Louis Gates. It is interesting because it reviews an event which is "within policy", not a violation of law or rule, but by general agreement "not a success in terms of police community relations." Of course, in many ways it is unique: Rose Garden beer conference, media firestorm, etc. And it is also true that in the absence of those unique features no Blue Ribbon Commission of dignitaries and scholars such as the Review Commission would ever have been summoned or reported. The question I have is whether encouraging the pursuit as a matter of routine, via less elaborate (but still "all-stakeholders") vehicles, of learning from sub-optimal outcomes in this sort of low-profile (and, in my thought-experiment, lower-temperature) event might pay dividends."
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://www.cambridgema.gov/CityOfCambridge_Content/documents/Cambridge%20Review_FINAL.pdf
N1  - <p>Missed opportunities, shared responsibilities: The final report of the Cambridge Review Committee.</p>
N1  - <p>Missed opportunities, shared responsibilities: The final report of the Cambridge Review Committee.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eyewitness identification: Bayesian information gain, base-rate effect equivalency curves, and reasonable suspicion
AU  - Wells, Gary L.
AU  - Yang, Yueran
AU  - Smalarz, Laura
T2  - Law and Human Behavior
AB  - We provide a novel Bayesian treatment of the eyewitness identification problem as it relates to various system variables, such as instruction effects, lineup presentation format, lineup-filler similarity, lineup administrator influence, and show-ups versus lineups. We describe why eyewitness identification is a natural Bayesian problem and how numerous important observations require careful consideration of base rates. Moreover, we argue that the base rate in eyewitness identification should be construed as a system variable (under the control of the justice system). We then use prior-by-posterior curves and information–gain curves to examine data obtained from a large number of published experiments. Next, we show how information–gain curves are moderated by system variables and by witness confidence and we note how information–gain curves reveal that lineups are consistently more proficient at incriminating the guilty than they are at exonerating the innocent. We then introduce a new type of analysis that we developed called base rate effect–equivalency (BREE) curves. BREE curves display how much change in the base rate is required to match the impact of any given system variable. The results indicate that even relatively modest changes to the base rate can have more impact on the reliability of eyewitness identification evidence than do the traditional system variables that have received so much attention in the literature. We note how this Bayesian analysis of eyewitness identification has implications for the question of whether there ought to be a reasonable-suspicion criterion for placing a person into the jeopardy of an identification procedure.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1037/lhb0000125
DP  - APA PsycNET
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 122
LA  - English
SN  - 1573-661X 0147-7307
ST  - Eyewitness identification
KW  - *Witnesses
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Statistical Probability
KW  - Statistics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrong arm of the law
AU  - Kennedy, Ludovic
T2  - Guardian
AB  - Call for new system of criminal justice to prevent miscarriages of justice
DA  - 1989/11/19/
PY  - 1989
SP  - 19
EP  - 19
SN  - 0261-3077, 0261-3077
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1035803766?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Wrong arm of the law</p>
KW  - Miscarriages of justice
KW  - UK
KW  - Law administration
KW  - Trials
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - An Etiology of Wrongful Convictions: Error, Safety, and Forward-Looking Accountability in Criminal Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform: Making Justice.
A2  - Marvin Zalman and J. Carrano, eds
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>An Etiology of Wrongful Convictions: Error, Safety, and Forward-Looking Accountability in Criminal Justice.</p>
N1  - <p>An Etiology of Wrongful Convictions: Error, Safety, and Forward-Looking Accountability in Criminal Justice.</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Doyle Article
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - “Harmless Errors”
AU  - Dybdahl, Pete
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - Eight young men and the murder story that sent them away for life

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/3amIRABqssE
DA  - 2017/03/23/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors
Y2  - 2017/03/24/14:40:16
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/03/22/harmless-errors?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20170323-719#.BLaUVPXSq
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Reforms: A Closer Look at the Criteria and the Impacts on Diverse Stakeholders
AU  - Mears, Daniel
T2  - Law & Policy
AB  - Research to date has taken a relatively narrow view of the criteria by which the effectiveness of juvenile justice sentencing policies are to be assessed. This narrowness is particularly striking given the comprehensive "get tough" reforms that recently have been enacted in nearly every state. Drawing on previous research and an analysis of the potential effects of a recent juvenile justice sentencing reform in Texas, this paper argues for greater attention to conceptualizing and empirically assessing effectiveness broadly, including reference to intended and unintended effects, multiple goals and means, and diverse stakeholders. The argument is sustained first by outlining and discussing these key dimensions and then by empirically illustrating the potential importance of one of these dimensions - diverse stakeholders and their respective interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Law & Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SN  - 02658240
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=4336227&site=ehost-live
AN  - 4336227
N1  - <p>Assessing the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Reforms: A Closer Look at the Criteria and the Impacts on Diverse Stakeholders<br/>Mears, Daniel; Source Info: Apr2000, Vol. 22 Issue 2; Subject Term: JUVENILE justice administration; Subject Term: JUVENILE delinquents; Subject Term: SENTENCES (Criminal procedure); Subject Term: TEXAS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - SENTENCES (Criminal procedure)
KW  - JUVENILE delinquents
KW  - JUVENILE justice administration
KW  - Texas
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How to Stop Mass Incarceration - The New Yorker
AU  - Toobin, Jeffrey
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/DhCDHEvWN0I
DA  - 2015/05/11/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/11/the-milwaukee-experiment
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:34:28
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Post-Op Intel Gathering
AU  - Dowe, Darin
T2  - Law and Order, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 50 - 54, December 2009
AB  - Since police teams serve search warrants repeatedly at the same location or complex or have responded to the same residence more than once for an armed, barricaded, or suicidal suspect/subject, this article discusses the intelligence that should be gathered for possible future use by teams making a return operational visit to the site. The article focuses on the types of equipment the team should have for conducting post-operational intelligence gathering, the types of photographs that should be taken, and how they should be organized and filed for future use. The required equipment consists of a laptop computer with a large/stable hard drive (minimum of 30 gigabytes) with a DVD or CD burner, a quality digital camera (minimum of 3 megapixels), and additional memory sticks/flash cards (minimum of 1 gigabyte). Once the scene has been secured, the post-operational intelligence gathering can begin. A tactical operator should take the photographs, because he/she knows what is tactically required for future use. The first and second photos are the most import; they are taken of the address. The first photo should be of the full address, which is written on the back of the â€œSite Photographic Record.â€ This establishes that the following photos are of that specific scene/search warrant/incident location. Subsequent photos are then taken in the order of the predesigned intelligence data form. This includes not only the numerical address of the building, but also the approach to the primary point of entry (POE); the primary POE; and the door/lock of the primary POE. The number of each photo is recorded on the form. The "Site Photographic Record" becomes part of the Tactical/SWAT operational/after-action report for retrieval at a later date. The article describes how post-operational data and pictures should be organized for later retrieval.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/754080649?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Post-Op Intel Gathering<br/>Date revised - 2010-08-01 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR252190; 252190</p>
N1  - <p>Post-Op Intel Gathering<br/>Date revised - 2010-08-01 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR252190; 252190</p>
KW  - Intelligence acquisition (01589)
KW  - Intelligence analysis (04744)
KW  - Search warrant (02130)
KW  - Special weapns and tacticl team trng (09837)
KW  - Special weapons and tactical unit (04704)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning From 9/11: Organizational Change in the New York City and Arlington County, Va., Police Departments
AU  - Holden, Gwen
AU  - Murphy, Gerard
AU  - Sole Brito, Corina
AU  - Ederheimer, Joshua
AB  - This report is a summary of a federally funded research project on lessons learned and organizational change experienced within New York City and Arlington County, VA police departments following the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. Following the individually presented case studies of New York City and Arlington County, VA police departments researchers found that (1) proactive intelligence gathering within the community about terrorist threats and sharing that information within and among agencies are key to presenting a response to terrorist attacks, (2) counterterrorism policing is the same as crime policing, (3) the first priority in responding to a terrorist attack is to save lives, including first responders, (4) both departments have greatly expanded counterterrorism training at all levels and have integrated the training into traditional police training exercises, and (5) setting up a media relations plan is essential to get accurate information out to both family members of victims and the general public to control rumors and prevent the spread of misinformation and ensure that the presence of media does not interfere with evacuation and rescue efforts and traffic control. Little research exists in the way of "best practices" to help agencies prepare for and manage an incident such as the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. Following the 9/11 attacks, the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ) awarded a grant to the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) to conduct case studies of the New York City and Arlington County, VA police departments; the two law enforcement agencies most directly involved in the attacks and offering best practices for responding to future incidents. This report is a summary of this research project. Notes and references
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 32
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/754081810?accountid=26333http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/227346.pdf
N1  - <p>Learning From 9/11: Organizational Change in the New York City and Arlington County, Va., Police Departments<br/>Date revised - 2010-02-22 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 SuppNotes - NIJ Research for Practice Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
N1  - <p>Learning From 9/11: Organizational Change in the New York City and Arlington County, Va., Police Departments<br/>Date revised - 2010-02-22 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 SuppNotes - NIJ Research for Practice Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - Emergency procedures (03813)
KW  - Virginia (51000)
KW  - Crime prevention planning (09856)
KW  - Domestic terrorism (09178)
KW  - Police counter-terrorism training (09791)
KW  - Police crime-prevention (05413)
KW  - Terrorism (04298)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - 14 instances of right procedure, wrong patient in Mass. - The Boston Globe
AU  - Kowalczyk, and Globe Staff
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - In at least 14 instances since 2011, caregivers at Massachusetts facilities did procedures on the wrong patients.
DA  - 2016/11/20/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
Y2  - 2017/03/24/15:22:40
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/20/right-procedure-wrong-patient/tyI86sU45hPmaVct8Us5AL/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Apology issued for Beech 1900D plane crash
AU  - Sisk, Bobby
DA  - 2005/05/06/
PY  - 2005
UR  - http://www.iasa.com.au/folders/Publications/Legal_Issues/outsauced.html
Y2  - 2017/06/19/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Decisionmaking Errors in Criminal Justice and How to Reduce Them
AU  - Mears, Daniel
AU  - Bacon, Sarah
T2  - Conference Papers -- American Society of Criminology
AB  - In the medical system, many advances have been made both to identify the types of decisionmaking errors that physicians make and to develop ways to reduce them. We suggest that a similar approach can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system. To this end, we discuss different types of decisionmaking errors that may be common in criminal justice, describe ones that may be more common among certain practitioner groups, and identify ways in which such errors could be reduced. In so doing, we highlight how systems-level factors may allow or increase certain errors and why, therefore, systems-level efforts to monitor decisionmaking among different practitioner groups may provide a critical foundation for reducing errors.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 1
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=45000405&site=ehost-live
AN  - 45000405
N1  - <p>2008 Annual Meeting<br/>Decisionmaking Errors in Criminal Justice and How to Reduce Them<br/>Authors: Mears, Daniel 1; Email Address: dmears@fsu.edu Bacon, Sarah 1; Email Address: sbacon@fsu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Florida State University; Subject: DECISION making; Subject: ERRORS; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: JUSTICE administration; Subject: PRISON system; Number of Pages: 0p</p>
N1  - <p>2008 Annual Meeting<br/>Decisionmaking Errors in Criminal Justice and How to Reduce Them<br/>Authors: Mears, Daniel 1; Email Address: dmears@fsu.edu Bacon, Sarah 1; Email Address: sbacon@fsu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Florida State University; Subject: DECISION making; Subject: ERRORS; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: JUSTICE administration; Subject: PRISON system; Number of Pages: 0p</p>
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - PRISON system
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adversaries as Allies: Joining Together to Prevent Criminal Injustice
AU  - Saloom, Stephen
T2  - Albany Law Review
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 73
SP  - 1235
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
ST  - Adversaries as Allies
UR  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/albany73&id=1245&div=&collection=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/albany73&div=57&id=&page=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/albany73&div=57&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Does Anyone Remember Team Policing? Lessons of the Team Policing Experience for Community Policing
AU  - Walker, S.
T2  - American Journal of Police, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 33-56, 1993
AB  - This article develops the thesis that team policing has useful lessons for community policing. Team policing reached its peak in the early 1970's and then faded away quickly. Team policing was an ambitious attempt to refashion the organization and delivery of police services so as to address a number of problems. The experience offers some potentially valuable lessons for the currently popular concept of community policing. The goals of neighborhood-focused policing and decentralized decisionmaking are similar in community and team policing. In addition, there is a body of evaluation literature on team policing. Still, team policing has been virtually ignored in the literature on community policing. Seven case studies identify three major obstacles to team policing. The major obstacles were opposition from middle management, conflicts between team policing officers and regular patrol officers working the same neighborhoods, and problems with dispatching technology. Other potential problems were unclear definition of goals, the danger of goal displacement, the conflicting demands of control and autonomy, the hazards of success, and the hazards of inflated expectations. 41 references
CY  - United States
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
SP  - 24-24
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9744553?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Does Anyone Remember Team Policing? Lessons of the Team Policing Experience for Community Policing<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR149991; 149991</p>
KW  - *Team policing (02060)
KW  - Community policing (10174)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Man Who Screamed So Loud the Drug Laws Changed
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - For years, Credico spent most of his time planning events, badgering reporters, and fielding calls from prisoners and their relatives.
DA  - 2015/08/19/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-man-who-screamed-so-loud-the-drug-laws-changed
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:59:40
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-man-who-screamed-so-loud-the-drug-laws-changed
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-man-who-screamed-so-loud-the-drug-laws-changed
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - John Oliver Shows How Police Problems Go Far Beyond 'A Few Bad Apples'
AU  - Mazza, Ed
T2  - Huffington Post
AB  - "You cannot look at our current situation and claim that anybody likes them apples.”

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/gNvl_W4cD3Q
DA  - 2016/10/03/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Huff Post
LA  - en_US
SE  - Comedy
UR  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:16:55
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
L2  - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/john-oliver-police-accountability_us_57f1ece1e4b0c2407cde7f8d?section=&
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How the insurance industry could reform American policing -
AU  - Balko, Radley
DA  - 2016/03/01/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2016/03/01/how-the-insurance-industry-could-reform-american-policing/?utm_term=.104670b53c75
Y2  - 2017/07/14/17:51:42
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From false confession to wrongful conviction: Seven psychological processes
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
AU  - Davis, Deborah
T2  - Journal of Psychiatry & Law
AB  - A steadily increasing tide of literature has documented the existence and causes of false confession as well as the link between false confession and wrongful conviction of the innocent. This literature has primarily addressed three issues: the manner in which false confessions are generated by police interrogation, individual differences in susceptibility to interrogative influence, and the role false confessions have played in documented wrongful convictions of the innocent. Although the specific mechanisms through which interrogation tactics can induce false confessions, and through which they can exert enhanced influence on vulnerable individuals have been widely addressed in this literature, the processes through which false confessions, once obtained by police, may lead to wrongful conviction have remained largely unaddressed. This article addresses this gap in the literature, examining seven psychological processes linking false confession to wrongful conviction and failures of post-conviction relief: (1) powerful biasing effects of the confession itself, including incorporated "misleading specialized knowledge" (inside crime-relevant knowledge displayed by the suspect in the false confession, but acquired through outside sources (such as the interrogator) rather than in the course of the commission of the crime); (2) tunnel vision and confirmation biases, (3) motivational biases, (4) emotional influences on thinking and behavior; (5) institutional influences on evidence production and decision making; and inadequate context for evaluation of claims of innocence, including (6) inadequate or incorrect relevant knowledge, and (7) progressively constricting relevant evidence. We discuss reciprocal influences of these mechanisms and their biasing impact on the perceptions and behaviors of suspects, investigators, prosecution and defense attorneys, juries, and trial and appellate judges.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 38
IS  - 1/2
SP  - 9
EP  - 56
SN  - 00931853
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=52621172&site=ehost-live
AN  - 52621172
N1  - <p>Spring/Summer2010<br/>From false confession to wrongful conviction: Seven psychological processes<br/>LEO, RICHARD A. 1; Email Address: rleo@usfca.edu DAVIS, DEBORAH 2,3,4; Affiliation: 1: Professor of Law, University of San Francisco 2: Professor of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno 3: President, Sierra Trial and Opinion Consultants 4: Clarinetist, Reno Chamber Orchestra; Source Info: Spring/Summer2010, Vol. 38 Issue 1/2, p9; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood; Subject Term: QUESTIONING; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Author-Supplied Keyword: False confession; Author-Supplied Keyword: interrogation; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - interrogation
KW  - QUESTIONING
KW  - TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Can Cops Use Force With Impunity When They’ve Created an Unsafe Situation?
AU  - Bains, Chiraag
AU  - Stern, Mark Joseph
T2  - Slate
AB  - A recent Supreme Court decision suggests they can. That’s bad for the public and for police.
DA  - 2017/06/15/
PY  - 2017
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2017/06/the_supreme_court_suggests_cops_use_of_force_is_always_justified.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - California Today: In Virtual Reality, Investigating the Trayvon Martin Case
AU  - Mcphate, Mike
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Friday: An immersive journey into a tragedy, the Trump administration issues a warning on recreational marijuana, and the art of wild mushroom hunting.
DA  - 2017/02/24/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - California Today
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/california-today-trayvon-martin-case-virtual-reality.html?smid=nytcore-iphone-share&smprod=nytcore-iphone&_r=1
KW  - California
KW  - California Today
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Barry Scheck Lectures on Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Scheck, Barry C
T2  - Drake L. Rev.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 54
SP  - 597
J2  - Drake L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Minor Crimes, Major Challenges
AU  - Travis, Jeremy
AU  - Chauhan, Preeti
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Police enforcement of minor crimes contributes to clogged courts and may exacerbate racial tensions, write John Jay President Jeremy Travis and associate professor of psychology Preeti Chauhan. Last Friday, John Jay College announced the creation of a data-driven research network aimed at helping policymakers and law enforcement authorities explore different approaches.
DA  - 2017/02/17/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
Y2  - 2017/03/13/17:44:31
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/17/minor-crimes-major-challenges/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Telling Differences: Observational Equivalence and Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Utset, Manuel
T2  - Utah Law Review
AB  - This article develops a theory of wrongful convictions based on the concept of observational equivalence. Under the model, a wrongful conviction is the end-product of a sequence of observations (triggered by the criminal act) that leads a jury to conclude: (1) that someone committed a crime; and (2) that the innocent defendant is that someone. Both steps in the proof process make use of equivalence relations; my principal contribution is to show that the way society defines these relations can play an important role in wrongful convictions. The model leads to two counter-intuitive results. First, I show that the likelihood of a wrongful conviction due to a witness' cross-racial misidentification can be reduced by making use of the witness's very weakness: her inability to tell apart individuals of other races. Second, I show that wrongfully convicted prisoners residing behind a veil of ignorance would reject the following exoneration rule: a prisoner whose innocence is determined with 100 percent certainty should be released immediately. That is, they would choose to keep some innocent individuals imprisoned, or at least to delay their release. The intuition is simple. Wrongful convictions will be overturned sequentially (i.e., not all at once); moreover, the order in which innocent prisoners are released matters: whenever exonerated prisoners, particularly recidivists, re-offend, they make it more difficult for the innocent who are still behind bar to get their convictions overturned.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 2008
IS  - 1
SP  - 09
EP  - 3
N1  - <p>Telling Differences: Observational Equivalence and Wrongful Convictions</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Finding and Fixing Diagnosis Errors: Can Triggers Help
AU  - Schjff, Dr Gordon
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/m7lpaqI41h4
DA  - 2012/01/23/
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDgwNzcxMDI5MDM3NDk1ODEwNjYBMmg5VEVKU2p4VW9KATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/06/23/19:11:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Japanese Management Technique Applied to Local Policing
AU  - Carter, D.
AU  - Gnagey, J.
AB  - The article describes the application of a Japanese management technique, the quality control circle, within the Champaign Police Department (Illinois). The quality control circle is composed of a supervisor and a group of people working together on a project or related tasks. The circle meets on a regular basis to discuss the efficiency and effectiveness of the work being undertaken and ways to improve efficiency. In the Champaign Police Department, it was decided to use the monthly training days of the patrol shifts to implement quality control circles. The topics chosen for discussion included problems facing the shift and possible solutions, means for cutting costs, the impact of procedures on the shifts, and means of dealing with specific crime control problems such as after-hours clubs and problem bar areas. The discussion of the first shift circle centered on a newly introduced shift rotation policy and was beneficial in clearing up misunderstandings about the new policy. The second shift group's discussion focused on the booking process. Through negotiation and discussion, a new booking procedure was devised and implemented the next day. Evaluation of the new procedure indicates that it saves 25 to 30 minutes per prisoner compared to the old booking procedure. Although the use of this technique is relatively new in the department, it appears to be producing innovative and productive ideas and contributing to officers feeling that they are more involved in decisionmaking.
DA  - 1985///
PY  - 1985
VL  - 54
SP  - 5
EP  - 5
N1  - <p>Japanese Management Technique Applied to Local Policing<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR98863; 98863</p>
N1  - <p>Japanese Management Technique Applied to Local Policing<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR98863; 98863</p>
KW  - Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Police policy development (08826)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why do prosecutors go after innocent people?
AU  - Pfaff, John
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Prosecutors are under electoral pressure, but those voting aren't the ones at risk.
DA  - 2016/01/21/
PY  - 2016
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/01/21/why-do-prosecutors-go-after-innocent-people/?utm_term=.03d01d17c595
Y2  - 2017/05/15/16:32:19
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/01/21/why-do-prosecutors-go-after-innocent-people/?utm_term=.03d01d17c595
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/01/21/why-do-prosecutors-go-after-innocent-people/?utm_term=.03d01d17c595
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A freed man, Chris Conover lived in shadow of doubts before taking own life - Baltimore Sun
AU  - Rodricks, Dan
T2  - Baltimore Sun
DA  - 2015/02/25/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-rodricks-0226-20150225-column.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/19:19:10
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Goudge ST. The Goudge Inquiry. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010.pdf
AU  - Goude, Judge Stephen
T2  - Journal Neurosurg Pediatrics
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 5
SP  - 537-
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTI5MTIzMTM1MjEwMjExNDUyOTMBSVRWZjFVX3pVakVKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Mom of the late Kalief Browder dies of 'broken heart'
AU  - Jacobs
T2  - NY Daily News
AB  - The mom of a Bronx man who killed himself after three horrific years in Rikers Island has died.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/GUbLkkanuuw
DA  - 2016/10/16/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/exclusive-mom-late-kalief-browder-dies-broken-heart-article-1.2833023
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:58:31
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/exclusive-mom-late-kalief-browder-dies-broken-heart-article-1.2833023
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/exclusive-mom-late-kalief-browder-dies-broken-heart-article-1.2833023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Promoting PATIENT SAFETY: AN ETHICAL BASIS FOR POLICY DELIBERATION - ProQuest
AU  - Sharpe, Virginia A.
T2  - Hastings Center Report Special Supplement
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - S1
EP  - S20
ST  - Promoting PATIENT SAFETY
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/openview/47eb0210a13f400c3e36066754359261/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=49217
Y2  - 2017/05/16/18:29:18
L2  - http://search.proquest.com/openview/47eb0210a13f400c3e36066754359261/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=49217
L2  - http://search.proquest.com/openview/47eb0210a13f400c3e36066754359261/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=49217
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Systemic Change Needed After Faulty Times Article
AU  - Sullivan, Margaret
T2  - Public Editor's Journal
AB  - An editor’s note acknowledged the problems, but worries remain.
DA  - 2015/12/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/new-york-times-san-bernardino-correction-margaret-sullivan-public-editor/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:19:19
L2  - https://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/new-york-times-san-bernardino-correction-margaret-sullivan-public-editor/
L2  - https://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/new-york-times-san-bernardino-correction-margaret-sullivan-public-editor/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - La.'s criminal justice system broken
AU  - Richey, Elton
T2  - shreveporttimes.com
AB  - It incentivizes bad behavior
DA  - 2015/04//
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/guest-columnists/2015/04/07/las-criminal-justice-system-broken/25429547/
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
L2  - http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/guest-columnists/2015/04/07/las-criminal-justice-system-broken/25429547/
L2  - http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/guest-columnists/2015/04/07/las-criminal-justice-system-broken/25429547/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Mass. General raises money for memorial for ground-breaking surgeon it once shunned - The Boston Globe
AU  - Kowlcyk, Liz Kowalczyk Globe Staff July
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Dr. Ernest Amory Codman was in his mid-40s when his golden career as a sought-after Harvard surgeon began to unravel. A century later, many of Codman’s ideas are the bedrock of modern medicine. And a group of doctors wants to make sure he gets the wider appreciation he deserves.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tInRt5z7vRM
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2014/07/20/mass-general-raises-money-for-memorial-for-ground-breaking-surgeon-once-shunned/40e5gbGJxCdbfj1UPVIdUK/story.html
Y2  - 2017/07/05/13:09:12
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - From Teams of Experts to Expert Teams: Reviewing Domestic Violence Deaths
AU  - Websdale, N.
T2  - OJP Diagnostic Center
DA  - 2017/05//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.ojpdiagnosticcenter.org/blog/teams-experts-expert-teams-reviewing-domestic-violence-deaths
Y2  - 2017/05/24/21:07:46
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Tricks Used by Pilots, Surgeons & Engineers to Overcome Human Error
AU  - Starr, Douglas
T2  - Nautilus
AB  - When Germanwings Flight 4U9525 crashed into the French Alps in March it did not take investigators long to determine the likely reason:...
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/kmPO6N1hoYI
DA  - 2015/05/29/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://nautil.us/blog/the-tricks-used-by-pilots-surgeons--engineers-to-overcome-human-error
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
L2  - http://nautil.us/blog/the-tricks-used-by-pilots-surgeons--engineers-to-overcome-human-error
L2  - http://nautil.us/blog/the-tricks-used-by-pilots-surgeons--engineers-to-overcome-human-error
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement
AU  - Justice, National Institute of
AB  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178240.pdf
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
N1  - <p>Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - HUMAN RELATIONS TRAINING - LABORATORIES AND TEAM POLICING
AU  - Boer, B. L.
AU  - McIver, B. C.
T2  - JOURNAL OF POLICE SCIENCE AND ADMINISTRATION, vol. 1, vol. 2, pp. 162-167, JUNE 1973
AB  - EFFECTIVE POLICE TEAMS AND TEAM LEADERS PLAN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THEIR TEAMS COLLABORATIVELY. LABORATORY TRAINING CAN BE APPLIED TO PROBLEMS ON THE JOB AT TWO LEVELS. LEVEL ONE, REFERRED TO AS THE 'HARD-EDGED USE OF TECHNIQUES', MEANS THE DIRECT TRANSLATION OF A TECHNIQUE DISPLAYED IN THE LABORATORY TO SOME ASPECT OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT. LEVEL TWO, THE META-LEARNING OR FUNCTIONAL AWARENES LEVEL, IS THE POINT AT WHICH VALUES FOCUSED ON AND REINFORCED IN THE LABORATORY BECOME PART OF THE PARTICIPANTS WORK ETHIC. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE CHALLENGE THAT FACES TEAM POLICING AND LABORATORY TRAINING IN THE NEAR FUTURE IS TO POOL THE TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES IN ALL OF THE RELATED TRAINING PROGRAMS, AND FORGE FROM THE COLLECTIVE EXPERIENCE A VIABLE METHODOLOGY TO CONFRONT THE REQUIREMENTS OF LABORATORY TRAINING, AND THE COLLABORATIVE STYLE OF POLICING AND AUTHORITY THAT IS BEGINNING TO EMERGE IN THE UNITED STATES.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1973///
PY  - 1973
SP  - 6-6
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9827505?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>HUMAN RELATIONS TRAINING - LABORATORIES AND TEAM POLICING<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR12016; 12016</p>
N1  - <p>HUMAN RELATIONS TRAINING - LABORATORIES AND TEAM POLICING<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR12016; 12016</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Interpersonal relations (04088)
KW  - Police human relations training (09216)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The ‘Chicago Model’ of Policing Hasn’t Saved Chicago
AU  - Weischelbaum
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - Why is everyone else copying it?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/44xTILXpb3Y
DA  - 2016/04/20/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/04/19/the-chicago-model-of-policing-hasn-t-saved-chicago
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:42:02
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/04/19/the-chicago-model-of-policing-hasn-t-saved-chicago#.6kqICZPpi
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Writing the Wrongs: The Role of Defence Counsel in Wrongful Convictions -- A Commentary
AU  - Kennedy, Jerome P.
T2  - Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice
AB  - The article focuses on the role of defense counsel in relation to the challenges faced that are intrinsic to cases involving wrongful conviction. The conviction of innocent persons for crimes they did not commit calls into question the integrity and legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Unfortunately, the conviction of the innocent occurs far too often. Many police officers, Crown counsel, government officials, and even average citizens believe that these cases are anomalies. Moreover, some government and criminal justice officials argue that the exposure of cases of wrongful conviction demonstrate that the system functions well. If this were in fact the case, many innocent people would not be spending years in prison for crimes they did not commit. This faulty logic serves as a major impediment to the recognition and exposure of wrongful convictions. These inquiries have played a crucial role in exposing and highlighting the common causes of wrongful conviction in Canada. One striking aspect of wrongful convictions is that they are common to all jurisdictions. Moreover, there are common factors that appear to contribute to the conviction of the innocent.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 197
EP  - 208
SN  - 17077753
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=11924017&site=ehost-live
AN  - 11924017
N1  - <p>Writing the Wrongs: The Role of Defence Counsel in Wrongful Convictions -- A Commentary<br/>Kennedy, Jerome P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Regional Representative, Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted (AIDWYC).; Source Info: Jan2004 Special Issue, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p197; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: GOVERNMENTAL investigations; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: JUSTICE; Subject Term: CANADA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Writing the Wrongs: The Role of Defence Counsel in Wrongful Convictions -- A Commentary<br/>Kennedy, Jerome P. 1; Affiliation: 1: Regional Representative, Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted (AIDWYC).; Source Info: Jan2004 Special Issue, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p197; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: GOVERNMENTAL investigations; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: JUSTICE; Subject Term: CANADA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - GOVERNMENTAL investigations
KW  - justice
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - There's blatant inequality at nearly every phase of the criminal justice system - Business Insider
AU  - Kahn, Andrew
AU  - Kirk, Chris
DA  - 2015/08/15/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.businessinsider.com/theres-blatant-inequality-at-nearly-every-phase-of-the-criminal-justice-system-2015-8
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:29:12
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Giving Doctors Grades
AU  - Jauhar, Sandeep
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The policy of issuing “report cards” for surgeons has backfired.
DA  - 2015/07/22/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/opinion/giving-doctors-grades.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/opinion/giving-doctors-grades.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2E74347680F1BCCB341031D5ABDA4346&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/opinion/giving-doctors-grades.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2E74347680F1BCCB341031D5ABDA4346&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/opinion/giving-doctors-grades.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2E74347680F1BCCB341031D5ABDA4346&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/opinion/giving-doctors-grades.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=2E74347680F1BCCB341031D5ABDA4346&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Deaths (Fatalities)
KW  - Medicine and Health
KW  - Performance Evaluations (Labor)
KW  - Surgery and Surgeons
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Forensic Evaluation: Lessons from Forensic Science
AU  - Zapf, Patricia A
AU  - Dror, Itiel E
T2  - International Journal of Forensic Mental Health
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
J2  - International Journal of Forensic Mental Health
SN  - 1499-9013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Criminal Justice System Reform and Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
AB  - This article describes the nature and importance of wrongful conviction as a criminal justice policy issue, the development of an innocence movement to litigate on behalf of potential exonerees and to promote policy issues, the innocence movement's policy and research agenda, and the very small amount of criminal justice research on the issue in comparison to legal and psychological inquiry. A research agenda for criminal justice policy scholars is proposed to explore the innocence movement and its research agenda. Research models from political science and sociology regarding the study of public policy, social movements, and interest groups offer themes and methods that would allow criminal justice researchers to expand their understanding of the criminal justice system's capacity for reform. Network analysis and the diffusion of innovation research are suggested as approaches to examine the context and spread of innocence reforms.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
SP  - 468
EP  - 492
SN  - 08874034
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=23271354&site=ehost-live
AN  - 23271354
N1  - <p>Criminal Justice System Reform and Wrongful Conviction<br/>Zalman, Marvin 1; Affiliation: 1: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p468; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: PRESUMPTION of innocence; Subject Term: ACTIONS & defenses (Law); Subject Term: POLITICAL planning; Subject Term: SOCIAL movements; Subject Term: PRESSURE groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal justice system; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocence movement; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813940 Political Organizations; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Criminal Justice System Reform and Wrongful Conviction<br/>Zalman, Marvin 1; Affiliation: 1: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p468; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: PRESUMPTION of innocence; Subject Term: ACTIONS & defenses (Law); Subject Term: POLITICAL planning; Subject Term: SOCIAL movements; Subject Term: PRESSURE groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal justice system; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocence movement; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813940 Political Organizations; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - ACTIONS & defenses (Law)
KW  - innocence movement
KW  - POLITICAL planning
KW  - PRESSURE groups
KW  - PRESUMPTION of innocence
KW  - SOCIAL movements
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond Bad Apples: Understanding Miscarriages of Justice as System Failures
AU  - Dioso-Villa, Rachel
T2  - Conference Papers -- American Society of Criminology
AB  - False convictions are typically explained by individual incompetence or errors by criminal justice actors as "bad apples." The standard explanations offered for these problems ("operator error" and "management failure") are vacuous and often faulty. A focus on individual failings distracts us from institutional and structural factors that are important for finding solutions. This article critically examines wrongful convictions within an organizational theory framework. Normal Accidents Theory (Perrow 1999) predicts that disasters occur within organizations that are complex with tightly coupled components, typically in systems involving high risk technologies such as nuclear power plants. Within this framework, serious accidents are not the result of isolated individual errors, but are due to structural factors within the organization and are the consequences of failures among different components and their unanticipated interactions. From this perspective, the criminal justice process is viewed as a system and false convictions as "system failures." We will analyze one particular case (system failure) of a person wrongfully convicted, incarcerated and sentenced to death from the perspective of organizational theory. We will explore the use of organizational theory in better developing a theoretical basis for understanding wrongful convictions within the criminal justice system. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 1
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tsh&AN=34676174&site=ehost-live
AN  - 34676174
N1  - <p>2007 Annual Meeting<br/>Beyond Bad Apples: Understanding Miscarriages of Justice as System Failures<br/>Authors: Dioso-Villa, Rachel 1; Email Address: rdioso@uci.edu; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Irvine; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: DISASTERS; Subject: ERRORS; Subject: CAPITAL punishment sentencing; Subject: IMPRISONMENT; Number of Pages: 0p</p>
N1  - <p>2007 Annual Meeting<br/>Beyond Bad Apples: Understanding Miscarriages of Justice as System Failures<br/>Authors: Dioso-Villa, Rachel 1; Email Address: rdioso@uci.edu; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Irvine; Subject: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject: DISASTERS; Subject: ERRORS; Subject: CAPITAL punishment sentencing; Subject: IMPRISONMENT; Number of Pages: 0p</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - CAPITAL punishment sentencing
KW  - IMPRISONMENT
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Program Manual for Child Death Review
AU  - Review, The National Center for Child Death
AB  - http://www.childdeathreview.org/Finalversionprotocolmanual.pdf The death of a child is a community responsibility. • A child’s death is a sentinel event that should urge communities to identify other children at risk for illness or injury. • A death review requires multidisciplinary participation from the community. • A review of case information should be comprehensive and broad. • A review should lead to an understanding of risk factors. Effective review team meetings require team members to: • Come prepared with information on the deaths to be reviewed • Share their information openly and honestly • Seek solutions instead of blame Thank you also to the American Bar Association, Center on Children and the Law. They led an effort in 1995 to develop a CDR training curriculum.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
N1  - <p>A Program Manual for Child Death Review<br/>Child Death Review Leaders and Advocates throughout the U.S. Edited by: Theresa M. Covington Valodi Foster Sara K. Rich</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The importance of child and youth death review. L'importance de l'examen des décès d'enfants ou d'adolescents
AU  - Ornstein, Amy
AU  - Bowes, Matthew
AU  - Shouldice, Michelle
AU  - Yanchar, Natalie L.
T2  - Paediatrics & Child Health
AB  - The mandate of a formal child death review (CDR) system is to advance understanding of how and why children die, to improve child health and safety, and to prevent deaths and injuries in the future. Areas in which CDR has provided valuable information and/or intervention include sudden death in infancy, unintentional injuries (the leading cause of death in Canadian children and youth one to 19 years of age), suicide in youth, and deaths due to homicide or child maltreatment. When collected systematically using common definitions, information regarding deaths in children and youth can help with understanding the scope of problems. Information about the context of a death can inform potential prevention or intervention activities. CDR can improve medical and mental health best practices, child welfare policies and procedures, and legislation and education relevant to public health and safety. In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, CDR processes are mandated by legislation. In Canada, death review teams have diverse structures and functions, and the CDR system is less well developed. The present statement addresses the need for formal, organized child and youth death review in Canada to help strengthen and systemize injury and death prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (AN: 91624672)
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - Vol. 18 Issue 8, p425-428. 4p
N1  - <p>The importance of child and youth death review. L'importance de l'examen des décès d'enfants ou d'adolescents.</p>
N1  - <p>The importance of child and youth death review. L'importance de l'examen des décès d'enfants ou d'adolescents.</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) in Rochester, NY
AU  - Klofas, John M.
AU  - Delaney, Christopher
AU  - Smith, Tisha
AB  - This report describes the development, implementation, and results of Rochester's (New York) Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI), a federally led coordinated effort to reduce and prevent firearm and firearm-related violent crime. Evaluation of the overall SACSI strategy, which focused on homicide as the crime problem to be addressed, shows promising results, with significant declines in homicides over the past 12 months, particularly among the target population of young Black males. Process evaluation shows that the strategies have involved significant involvement in collaborative problem solving and many instances of change in agency activity and system improvements. The violence prevention interventions are being institutionalized through training in the key criminal justice agencies involved in SACSI. Researchers continue to have a significant role in these efforts. The process used in Rochester is the model used for problem analysis in national training for Project Safe Neighborhoods. It is also being used in New York State as a model for enhancing local analytical capacity and implementing intervention for reducing violence. An extensive and multifaceted study of homicide in Rochester was undertaken by the SACSI research team under the direction of the leadership group. Analyses showed that homicide victimization and offending was concentrated geographically in a small section of the city, where homicide rates for young Black men were nearly 70 times those in the Nation as a whole. A complex of strategies that involves nearly all aspects of the criminal justice system evolved and has been in place for over a year. Strategies include changes in prosecution practice, group-focused intelligence gathering, targeted law enforcement efforts, delivery of a deterrence message and service alternatives through offender call-ins, intensive supervision of designated probationers, and saturated patrol practices. 20 references
DA  - 2015/01/01/
PY  - 2015
SP  - 153
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/220488.pdf
N1  - <p>Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) in Rochester, NY<br/>Date revised - 2013-10-04 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
N1  - <p>Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) in Rochester, NY<br/>Date revised - 2013-10-04 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - NIJ final report (11336)
KW  - Crime specific countermeasures (04284)
KW  - Gun Violence (89077)
KW  - Effectiveness of crime preventn prgs (09959)
KW  - Firearm-crime relationships (09935)
KW  - Homicide causes (09874)
KW  - Illicit firearms (03879)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN HIGH-HAZARD INDUSTRIES: THE LOGICS UNDERLYING SELF-ANALYSIS
AU  - Carroll, John S.
T2  - Journal of Management Studies
AB  - Organizational learning takes place through activities performed by individuals, groups, and organizations as they gather and digest information, imagine and plan new actions, and implement change. I examine the learning practices of companies in two industries--nuclear power plants and chemical process plants--that must manage safety as a major component of operations, and therefore must learn from precursors and near-misses rather than exclusively by trial-and-error. Specifically, I analyse the linked assumptions or logics underlying incident reviews, root cause analysis teams, and self-analysis programmes. These logics arise from occupational and hierarchical groups that work on different problems in different ways--for example, anticipation and resilience, fixing and learning, concrete and abstract. In organizations with fragmentary, myopic and disparate understandings of how the work is accomplished, there are likely to be more failures to learn from operating experience, recurrent problems, and cyclical crises. Enhanced learning requires ways to broaden and bring together disparate logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Management Studies is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 699
EP  - 717
SN  - 00222380
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=1448283&site=ehost-live
AN  - 1448283
DB  - bth
N1  - <p>CARROLL, JOHN S. 1; Affiliations: 1: MIT Sloan School, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Issue Info: Nov98, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p699; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL learning; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL safety -- Psychological aspects; Thesaurus Term: NUCLEAR power plants; Thesaurus Term: CHEMICAL plants; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION sharing; Subject Term: HAZARD mitigation; Subject Term: LEARNING strategies; Subject Term: MENTAL models theory (Communication); Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication); Subject Term: COMMUNITIES of practice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - CHEMICAL plants
KW  - COMMUNITIES of practice
KW  - HAZARD mitigation
KW  - INFORMATION sharing
KW  - KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication)
KW  - LEARNING strategies
KW  - MENTAL models theory (Communication)
KW  - NUCLEAR power plants
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL learning
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Big data may be reinforcing racial bias in the criminal justice system
AU  - Eckhouse, Laurel
AU  - Eckhouse, Laurel
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Until the companies creating risk-assessment tools make their algorithms public, we can’t know if these tools are removing human bias or recycling it.
DA  - 2017/02/10/
PY  - 2017
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/big-data-may-be-reinforcing-racial-bias-in-the-criminal-justice-system/2017/02/10/d63de518-ee3a-11e6-9973-c5efb7ccfb0d_story.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.d83d5efc9e29
Y2  - 2017/04/18/15:38:11
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/big-data-may-be-reinforcing-racial-bias-in-the-criminal-justice-system/2017/02/10/d63de518-ee3a-11e6-9973-c5efb7ccfb0d_print.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.d83d5efc9e29
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/big-data-may-be-reinforcing-racial-bias-in-the-criminal-justice-system/2017/02/10/d63de518-ee3a-11e6-9973-c5efb7ccfb0d_print.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.d83d5efc9e29
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - More Accountability for Prosecutors
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - New York Times
AB  - Letter to the Editor  about June 6, 2016 NY Times editorial entitled To Stop Bad Prosecutors, Call the Feds.

"To address the recurrent problem of prosecutors withholding evidence that would show innocence or mitigate punishment, we need to develop — as aviation and medicine have — a way to understand why things went wrong. Why did a prosecutor zig when he or she should have zagged? What incentives in the environment made withholding evidence seem like the best (or least bad) idea at the time?

Efforts such as the National Institute of Justice’s Sentinel Event Initiative and the Task Force on 21st Century Policing’s call for all-stakeholder, forward-looking reviews of the “sentinel events” that signal system weaknesses — evaluations of mishaps aimed at cutting risk, not laying blame — offer a promising model.

JAMES M. DOYLE

Siasconset, Mass.

The writer, a defense lawyer in Boston, is a consultant to the National Institute of Justice’s Sentinel Events Initiative.
DA  - 2016/06/20/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/more-accountability-for-prosecutors.html
Y2  - 2016/08/23/13:49:12
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/more-accountability-for-prosecutors.html?_r=0
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Up the River Without a Procedure: Innocent Prisoners and Newly Discovered Non-DNA Evidence in State Courts
AU  - Medwed, Daniel S
T2  - Ariz. L. Rev.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 47
SP  - 655
J2  - Ariz. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - IPTM's Internal Affairs Course
AU  - Marko, Jennifer
T2  - Law and Order, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 84 - 86, June 2004
AB  - This article examined the Institute of Police Technology and Management (IPTM) course in Police Internal Affairs. Citizen complaints are a fact of life for both small and large police agencies across the country. Whether they reflect a minor or a major incident they can be damaging to an agency s reputation and diminish trust in the community. Citizens who file a complaint want to be heard and want to be sure that their matter has been handled. The key to being proactive with citizen complaints is a timely response to the complaint and equipping the office with a well founded internal affairs program. Even in agencies where there is not a dedicated internal affairs officer, in-depth training in this area will enable agencies to present strong cases for the innocence of their officer and to recognize problem employees and deal with them accordingly. The IPTM offers a 40-hour course in Police Internal Affairs, which takes a comprehensive look at the components of Internal Affairs (IA) investigations, including policy writing, complaint intake process, special investigations, and administrative law. The IA course is presented several times a year, and is popular with officers who are new to the IA assignments as well as experienced officers who want to update their skills and the front line supervisors who are called on to investigate complaints. By putting in place a solid IA policy and providing up-to-date training for all involved staff, law enforcement agencies maintain a positive image within the community and create an atmosphere of respect within the agency.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 3-3
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9800431?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>IPTM's Internal Affairs Course<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR206792; 206792</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - *Police internal affairs (04623)
KW  - Citizen grievances (01896)
KW  - Police discipline (10453)
KW  - Police-citizen interactions (08930)
KW  - Public attitudes toward police (08676)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Anatomy of a Wrongful Conviction: Theoretical Implications and Practical Solutions
AU  - Medwed, D.
T2  - Villanova Law Review
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 51
SP  - 05
EP  - 37
N1  - <p>Anatomy of a Wrongful Conviction: Theoretical Implications and Practical Solutions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Court clerk fired for helping exonerate man wrongly convicted of rape
AU  - Jeffries, Fran
AB  - Doyle: Innocent man convicted after strange investigation based originally on a tip followed by cascading small errors, ghastly coincidences, system weaknesses. In short, an "organizational accident". http://www.ajc.com/news/news/breaking-news/court-clerk-fired-for-helping-free-man-wrongly-con/nZPq3/
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Court clerk fired for helping exonerate man wrongly convicted of rape</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Court clerk fired for helping exonerate man wrongly convicted of rape</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Report on Rolling Stone, a Case Study in Failed Journalism
AU  - Mahler, Jonathan
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/MTu7NfSbmL0
DA  - 2015/04/05/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/business/in-report-on-rolling-stone-a-case-study-in-failed-journalism.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=1
Y2  - 2017/06/09/21:03:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The relationship between learning conditions in the workplace and informal learning outcomes: a study among police inspectors
AU  - Janssens, Liezelot
AU  - Smet, Kelly
AU  - Onghena, Patrick
AU  - Kyndt, Eva
T2  - International Journal of Training and Development
AB  - Informal workplace learning has become a prominent reality in the knowledge society of today. For this reason, developing appropriate learning conditions in order to enhance workplace learning is dominating organizational agendas. However, research that investigates the relationship between important learning conditions and learning outcomes resulting from informal learning is scarce. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to explore how learning conditions in the workplace are related to these informal learning outcomes of police inspectors in particular. A mixed method study, including a survey among 390 police inspectors and interviews with nine police inspectors, was set up to explore this relation. Overall, the results of the survey study suggest that the learning conditions ‘information’, ‘feedback’, ‘reflection’ and ‘coaching’ are good predictors for the acquisition of ‘generic learning outcomes’ and ‘organizational level learning outcomes’. The learning condition ‘coaching’ is also strongly associated with ‘job-specific learning outcomes’. These results are in accordance with the perception of the interviewed police inspectors.
DA  - 2017/06/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1111/ijtd.12095
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 92
EP  - 112
J2  - International Journal of Training and Development
LA  - en
SN  - 1468-2419
ST  - The relationship between learning conditions in the workplace and informal learning outcomes
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijtd.12095/abstract
Y2  - 2017/06/23/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Could Officers Have Avoided Shooting Keith Scott? Experts Weigh In
AU  - Pérez-peña, Richard
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Experts assess whether de-escalation tactics, an approach aimed at preventing some police confrontations, could have changed the outcome of Mr. Scott’s fatal encounter.


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/DP8Zdm9J5dI

Doyle:  The NYT review of the last Charlotte shooting, several list-members pitching in: http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0

Not perfect, of course.  Everyone is from within the police silo.  But the tacit focus is forward-looking, and the recognition that an event can be "within policy" and lawful, but still not something we want to repeat...
DA  - 2016/10/05/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - Could Officers Have Avoided Shooting Keith Scott?
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:10:18
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/us/police-experts-keith-lamont-scott-shooting.html?hp=undefined&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=0823B65A0D21644402FE152908D6EA12&gwt=pay
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Charlotte (NC)
KW  - Scott, Keith Lamont (1973-2016)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Achieving Justice: Freeing the Innocent, Convicting the Guilty
AU  - ABA
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/criminal_justice_section_newsletter/crimjust_policy_rule3_8amend.authcheckdam.pdf
N1  - <p>Achieving Justice: Freeing the Innocent, Convicting the Guilty</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving Justice: Freeing the Innocent, Convicting the Guilty</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving Justice: Freeing the Innocent, Convicting the Guilty</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving Justice: Freeing the Innocent, Convicting the Guilty</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Obama’s claim the Affordable Care Act was a ‘major reason’ in preventing 50,000 patient deaths - The Washington Post
AU  - Kessler, Glenn
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2ZKrm-b9aUs
DA  - 2015/04/01/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/04/01/obamas-claim-the-affordable-care-act-was-a-major-reason-in-preventing-50000-patient-deaths/?utm_term=.76e24f818812
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Federal jury rejects lawsuit against former chemist Annie Dookhan’s drug lab supervisors - The Boston Globe
AU  - Valencia, Milton
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - After just three hours of deliberations, a federal jury found in favor of the defendants, former supervisors of the former drug lab chemist who admitted to tampering with evidence in hundreds of cases.
DA  - 2016/03/14/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/14/federal-jury-rejects-lawsuit-against-former-chemist-annie-dookhan-drug-lab-supervisors/CDqCOv3BnbCs3x9xBZDKzL/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:13:45
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/14/federal-jury-rejects-lawsuit-against-former-chemist-annie-dookhan-drug-lab-supervisors/CDqCOv3BnbCs3x9xBZDKzL/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/14/federal-jury-rejects-lawsuit-against-former-chemist-annie-dookhan-drug-lab-supervisors/CDqCOv3BnbCs3x9xBZDKzL/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Roadmap to a Just Culture
AU  - Groups, Gain Working
AB  - Doyle: A general overview from within aviation of the challenges of balancing a "non-blaming" approach with a system of accountability for culpable acts and actors that includes helpful case studies from four aviation organizations. http://flightsafety.org/files/just_culture.pdf
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
N1  - <p>Roadmap to a Just Culture</p>
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Scarcella Takes Stand in Defense of His Actions in Disputed ’91 Murder Case
AU  - Clifford, Stephanie
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Louis Scarcella, a former New York police detective, testified for the first time since his work in dozens of criminal prosecutions in Brooklyn came under broad scrutiny.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tqCs3W1ygsU
DA  - 2014/09/24/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/25/nyregion/scarcella-takes-the-stand-to-defend-his-actions-in-a-1991-murder-case.html
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:42:12
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Murders and Attempted Murders
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Hargrave, Rosean S
KW  - Scarcella, Louis
KW  - Simpson, ShawnDya L
KW  - Thompson, Kenneth P
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Dan and Fran Keller declared innocent by Travis County DA
AU  - Plohetski, Tony
AU  - Lindell, Chuck
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/yXDPqDBFGtU
DA  - 2017/06/20/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.mystatesman.com/news/local/declaration-innocence-austin-satanic-day-care-case/IANdbTQPLLQPKZOXHIy3dN/
Y2  - 2017/06/23/18:47:46
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Predicting and Preventing Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Gould, Jon
T2  - National Institute of Justice
AB  - Could policy interventions prevent future erroneous convictions? NIJ-funded researchers at American University studied 460 violent felonies to find the answers.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2Vh7PsciHOk
DA  - 2013/03/13/
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://nij.gov:80/topics/justice-system/wrongful-convictions/pages/predicting-preventing.aspx
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:45:58
L2  - https://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/wrongful-convictions/pages/predicting-preventing.aspx
L2  - https://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/wrongful-convictions/pages/predicting-preventing.aspx
L2  - https://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/wrongful-convictions/pages/predicting-preventing.aspx
L2  - https://nij.gov/topics/justice-system/wrongful-convictions/pages/predicting-preventing.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Looking Foreword: Wrongful Convictions and Systematic Reform
AU  - Medwed, Daniel S.
T2  - Am. Crim. L. Rev.
AB  - For decades, scholars have asserted that our criminal justice system is not failsafe: innocent defendants can be and have been convicted at trial.'Yet what these scholars historically lacked was the ability to support this claim to a degree of scientific certainty.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 42
SP  - 1117
N1  - <p>Looking Foreword: Wrongful Convictions and Systematic Reform</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - INNOVATIONS IN POLICING - A POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE OF CHANGE TO ASSIST CRIME PREVENTION
AU  - Canlis, M. N.
T2  - CRIME PREVENTION REVIEW, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-7, JANUARY 1976
AB  - SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE POLICE FOUNDATION IN ADVANCING THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF POLICE SCIENCE ARE DESCRIBED - THESE INCLUDE TEAM POLICING AND VICTIM ASSISTANCE PROJECTS.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1976///
PY  - 1976
SP  - 7-7
N1  - <p>INNOVATIONS IN POLICING - A POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE OF CHANGE TO ASSIST CRIME PREVENTION<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR37041; 37041</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Police Foundation (04488)
KW  - Victim services (04799)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chisholm: Mass incarceration no answer to society’s problems
AU  - Barton, Gina
AB  - The Milwaukee County district attorney was among the keynote speakers at the inaugural meeting in St. Louis of the “Smart Decarceration Initiative” which aims to eliminate mass incarceration.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WQVcVDlZeHU
DA  - 2015/10//
PY  - 2015
ST  - Chisholm
UR  - http://www.jsonline.com/news/crime/john-chisholm-criminal-justice-system-cant-solve-societal-problems-b99584618z1-329642371.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:41:38
L2  - http://archive.jsonline.com/news/crime/john-chisholm-criminal-justice-system-cant-solve-societal-problems-b99584618z1-329642371.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Airline Industry at Its Safest Since the Dawn of the Jet Age
AU  - Drew, J. A. D. Mouawad and Christopher
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/12/business/2012-was-the-safest-year-for-airlines-globally-since-1945.html?ref=todayspaper Notes: Doyle "Recounts aviation's success with an ongoing program of "safe-harbor" disclosure and continuous safety improvement."
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Airline Industry at Its Safest Since the Dawn of the Jet Age</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Courts in Slow Motion, Aided by the Defense
AU  - Glaberson, William
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Courts in Slow Motion, Aided by the Defense</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Courts in Slow Motion, Aided by the Defense</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CORRECTING INJUSTICE: STUDYING HOW THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES REVIEW CLAIMS OF INNOCENCE
AU  - Griffin, Lissa
T2  - University of Toledo Law Review
AB  - The article examines the criminal law systems of Great Britain and the U.S. to correct miscarriages of justice. It provides a background of Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC), as an independent and government-funded body with broad powers to investigate and refer claimed miscarriages of justice for post-conviction reviews. In this regard, the Court of Appeals identifies five categories that the wrongful decisions fall including change of law, sex crime cases and police misconduct. However, the systems of both countries are compared to determine the lessons that each country could get in implementing the methods.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 152
SN  - 00420190
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48647015&site=ehost-live
AN  - 48647015
N1  - <p>Fall2009<br/>CORRECTING INJUSTICE: STUDYING HOW THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES REVIEW CLAIMS OF INNOCENCE<br/>Griffin, Lissa 1; Affiliation: 1: Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law; Source Info: Fall2009, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: GREAT Britain; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Court of Appeals; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Fall2009<br/>CORRECTING INJUSTICE: STUDYING HOW THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES REVIEW CLAIMS OF INNOCENCE<br/>Griffin, Lissa 1; Affiliation: 1: Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law; Source Info: Fall2009, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: GREAT Britain; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Court of Appeals; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - GREAT Britain
KW  - POSTCONVICTION remedies
KW  - UNITED States. Court of Appeals
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Pursuing drugs and guns on scant evidence, D.C. police sometimes raid wrong homes — terrifying the innocent
AU  - Sullian, John
AU  - Hawkins, Derek
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Search warrants based only on “training and experience” subject the black community to abusive intrusion, attorney says.
DA  - 2016/03/05/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/investigative/2016/03/05/probable-cause/
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:20:40
L2  - http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/investigative/2016/03/05/probable-cause/?utm_term=.524d8aad3caf
L2  - http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/investigative/2016/03/05/probable-cause/?utm_term=.524d8aad3caf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Focusing on Violence Before It Happens
AU  - Goode, Erica
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/us/in-los-angeles-focusing-on-violence-before-it-occurs.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0&hp
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Focusing on Violence Before It Happens</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Report Details ‘Systemic Failures’ in Communication Between New York Police and Housing Authority
AU  - Navarro, Mireya
AU  - Goodman, J. David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The issue is partly to blame for the high crime rates that have plagued the public housing projects, the city’s Investigation Department said in its report.
DA  - 2015/12/08/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/nyregion/report-details-systemic-failures-in-communication-between-police-and-housing-authority.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/nyregion/report-details-systemic-failures-in-communication-between-police-and-housing-authority.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-0&action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region%C2%AEion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=536C28058380978083C8A0D14A122CB8&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/nyregion/report-details-systemic-failures-in-communication-between-police-and-housing-authority.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-0&action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region%C2%AEion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=536C28058380978083C8A0D14A122CB8&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Department of Investigation (NYC)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Impact of Organizational Justice on Correctional Staff
AU  - Lambert, Eric
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 155 - 168, March/April 2003
AB  - This article discusses whether organizational justice affects the attitudes of correctional staff. Little research has been done on whether organizational justice affects the attitudes of correctional staff. It is important to identify and understand the organizational forces that shape the attitudes of correctional staff, since these attitudes will ultimately affect their work behaviors. Two of the most important employee attitudes are job satisfaction and organizational commitment. High levels of job satisfaction and organization commitment are linked to positive work attitudes and behaviors. There is even a stronger link between low levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment and negative work behaviors. The theory of organizational justice incorporates the idea that employees want fair and just organizational outcomes compared to their inputs into the employing organization. Both fairness in how organizational employee outcomes are determined (procedural justice) and what is provided to employees (distributive justice) should impact the organizational commitment of workers. Organizational justice should have a significant impact on the job satisfaction of workers. In 2000, a survey was administered to the staff of a Midwestern State correctional institution measuring perceptions of work environment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and personal characteristics. The results suggested that both distributive and procedural justice were important factors in shaping job satisfaction for correctional staff in general, non-supervisory staff across a wide array of positions, and non-supervisory correctional officers. The results also suggested that procedural justice, and not distributive justice, was important in influencing the degree of organizational commitment among correctional staff. This finding was somewhat consistent with the organizational justice literature. 2 tables, 7 notes, 1 appendix, 133 references
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 14
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9739573?accountid=26333http://www.sciencedirect.com
N1  - <p>Impact of Organizational Justice on Correctional Staff<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06</p>
KW  - Work attitudes (04546)
KW  - Morale (04131)
KW  - Corrections management (04966)
KW  - Attitudes (03657)
KW  - Personality assessment (04803)
KW  - Prison climate (10127)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - City of Jacksonville reaches $1.9 million settlement in fatal shooting of unarmed man during traffic stop
AU  - Conarck, Ben
T2  - jacksonville.com
AB  - The City of Jacksonville has reached a $1.9 million settlement with the family of an unarmed black man killed by a white police officer in 2012, marking the end of a nearly five-year saga that was heading toward a potentially explosive court trial.

http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/public-safety/2017-04-13/city-jacksonville-reaches-19-million-settlement-fatal-shooting#
DA  - 2017/04/13/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/public-safety/2017-04-13/city-jacksonville-reaches-19-million-settlement-fatal-shooting
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/public-safety/2017-04-13/city-jacksonville-reaches-19-million-settlement-fatal-shooting
L2  - http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/public-safety/2017-04-13/city-jacksonville-reaches-19-million-settlement-fatal-shooting
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Attorney General Loretta Lynch in Fayetteville on community policing tour
AU  - BLYTHE, Anne
T2  - newsobserver
AB  - At odds with North Carolina leaders over the state’s so-called bathroom bill and an elections law overhaul, U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch returned to her home state Tuesday to celebrate local police work she would like to see modeled across the country.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Zhwvrhbl1bg
DA  - 2016/05/24/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article79524927.html
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article79524927.html
L2  - http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/state-politics/article79524927.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - San Bernardino | Police Foundation Critical Incident Reviews
AU  - Police Foundation
AB  - As many of us watched events unfold after the terrorist attack in San Bernardino in December 2015, there was one source of reassurance in those dark hours: the exemplary response of the police department, sheriff’s department, probation department, emergency services, and FBI, who all came together to prevent additional deaths and injuries.
There is much to be learned from the response to this tragic event. One important takeaway is that the responding agencies were well prepared. Many responders noted that their preparation was due in large part to lessons learned from previous critical incident reports. This acknowledgement highlights the importance of documenting lessons learned, which can be of great value not only to the agency which experienced the event but to other agencies as well. For this reason, the Police Foundation, in coordination with the COPS Office, conducted a critical incident review of the shooting and surrounding events. By examining the public safety response of the December 2015 attack, this report provides additional lessons learned from all aspects of the event, including the aftermath.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://incidentreviews.org/san-bernardino/
Y2  - 2017/07/06/16:45:13
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After Nearly 23 Years of Legal Struggle, a Conviction Is Reversed
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Everton Wagstaffe and Reginald Connor, convicted of a 1992 kidnapping, learned that their convictions were overturned by a panel of New York State appeals court judges.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/u1qeFbzoprg
DA  - 2014/09/17/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/18/nyregion/after-nearly-23-years-of-legal-struggle-a-conviction-is-reversed.html
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:51:30
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Murders and Attempted Murders
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Connor, Reginald
KW  - Negron, Jennifer
KW  - Wagstaffe, Everton
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Failures are key to public safety success
AU  - Berman, Greg
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://articles.philly.com/2010-07-22/news/24968870_1_criminal-justice-system-criminal-justice-drug-courts
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Failures are key to public safety success</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - High honors for woman’s role as a guardian against violence
AU  - English, Bella
AB  - http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/articles/2011/10/19/suzanne_dubus_honored_by_white_house/
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
N1  - <p>Date<br/>High honors for woman’s role as a guardian against violence</p>
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - A Look At How Wisconsin Reacts To Police-Involved Shootings
AU  - Wisconsin Public Radio
AB  - Wisconsin Public Radio features in-depth news from WPR’s seven bureaus and NPR, entertainment programs, classical music and discussions on the Ideas Network.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9CvZary_lq4
DA  - 2017/02/24/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.wpr.org/listen/1066241
Y2  - 2017/03/13/16:57:15
L2  - http://www.wpr.org/listen/1066241
N1  - <p><br />https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9CvZary_lq4</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Overcoming cop culture? Organizational justice and police officersâ€TM attitudes toward the public
AU  - Myhill, Andy
AU  - Bradford, Ben
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
AB  - Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test theories of organizational justice in the context of a police agency. Design/methodology/approach – Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyze data from a survey of officers in a police force in England. Findings – The SEM showed that organizational justice was associated with positive attitudes towards serving members of the public. This relationship was mediated by commitment to elements of community policing and, for community police officers, by general satisfaction with the organization. Practical implications – The findings suggest that police managers committed to implementing process-based policing policies may need to ensure their organizations also implement internal policies and practices that are procedurally fair. Originality/value – This study is one of the first to apply the well established literature on organizational justice to the context of policing, and the first to examine the impact of organizational justice on alignment with community policing and the service model.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 338
EP  - 356
SN  - 1363-951X
N1  - <p>Overcoming cop culture? Organizational justice and police officersâ€TM attitudes toward the public</p>
N1  - <p>Overcoming cop culture? Organizational justice and police officersâ€TM attitudes toward the public</p>
KW  - Just culture
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Milwaukee's Incarceration Experiment
AU  - Lehrer, Bryan
AB  - A study of racial imbalance in Milwaukee's DA office leads to new initiatives to reduce the number of people sent to prison.
DA  - 2015/05/08/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.wnyc.org
UR  - http://www.wnyc.org/story/milwaukees-incarceration-experiment/?utm_source=sharedUrl&utm_medium=metatag&utm_campaign=sharedUrl
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:33:15
L2  - http://www.wnyc.org/story/milwaukees-incarceration-experiment/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=%24%7Bfeed%7D&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+%24%7Bbl%7D+%28%24%7BBrian+Lehrer%7D%29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safety culture and accident analysis--a socio-management approach based on organizational safety social capital
AU  - Rao, Suman
T2  - Journal Of Hazardous Materials
AB  - One of the biggest challenges for organizations in today's competitive business environment is to create and preserve a self-sustaining safety culture. Typically, the key drivers of safety culture in many organizations are regulation, audits, safety training, various types of employee exhortations to comply with safety norms, etc. However, less evident factors like networking relationships and social trust amongst employees, as also extended networking relationships and social trust of organizations with external stakeholders like government, suppliers, regulators, etc., which constitute the safety social capital in the Organization--seem to also influence the sustenance of organizational safety culture. Can erosion in safety social capital cause deterioration in safety culture and contribute to accidents? If so, how does it contribute? As existing accident analysis models do not provide answers to these questions, CAMSoC (Curtailing Accidents by Managing Social Capital), an accident analysis model, is proposed. As an illustration, five accidents: Bhopal (India), Hyatt Regency (USA), Tenerife (Canary Islands), Westray (Canada) and Exxon Valdez (USA) have been analyzed using CAMSoC. This limited cross-industry analysis provides two key socio-management insights: the biggest source of motivation that causes deviant behavior leading to accidents is 'Faulty Value Systems'. The second biggest source is 'Enforceable Trust'. From a management control perspective, deterioration in safety culture and resultant accidents is more due to the 'action controls' rather than explicit 'cultural controls'. Future research directions to enhance the model's utility through layering are addressed briefly.;
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 142
IS  - 3
SP  - 730
EP  - 740
SN  - 0304-3894
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=16911855&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>Safety culture and accident analysis--a socio-management approach based on organizational safety social capital<br/>16911855</p>
N1  - <p>Safety culture and accident analysis--a socio-management approach based on organizational safety social capital<br/>16911855</p>
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Safety Management*/organization & administration
KW  - Safety Management*/statistics & numerical data
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - An Ex-Cop’s Remorse
AU  - Clifford, Stephanie
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - An investigator who probes wrongful convictions now doubts a case of his own.
DA  - 2016/10/24/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:47:51
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/24/an-ex-cops-remorse
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - To Change Police Practices, A Push For Liability Insurance In Minneapolis
AU  - Kaste, Martin
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - American cities pay out hundreds of millions a year to settle police misconduct complaints and lawsuits. An advocacy group in Minneapolis wants to require cops to pay for their own insurance.
DA  - 2016/06/27/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:13:32
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
L2  - http://www.npr.org/2016/06/27/483420607/to-stop-police-lawsuits-reformers-want-officers-to-get-insurance
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Charlotte Was Different
AU  - Neyfakh, Leon
AU  - Martinelli, Marissa
T2  - Slate
AB  - An all-too-familiar story—an unarmed black man killed by a white police officer—with an unfamiliar ending.
DA  - 2015/10/04/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/jonathan_ferrell_shooting_how_charlotte_avoided_ferguson_s_fate.3.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:29:39
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/jonathan_ferrell_shooting_how_charlotte_avoided_ferguson_s_fate.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/jonathan_ferrell_shooting_how_charlotte_avoided_ferguson_s_fate.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - FBI files tell how addicted agent was able to get the drugs - The Washington Post
AU  - Herman, Peter
T2  - Washington Post
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/fbi-files-tell-how-addicted-agent-was-able-to-get-the-drugs/2015/01/15/a8206bf6-8203-11e4-81fd-8c4814dfa9d7_story.html?utm_term=.0b725fc04faf
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:27:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE CRIME LAB IN THE AGE OF THE GENETIC PANOPTICON
AU  - Garrett, Brandon
T2  - Michigan Law Review
AB  - Three wonderful recent books examine different aspects of the changing
relationship between science and criminal law. In this Review, I hope to do
justice to all three, and I hope that what I write can encourage you carefully
read each of these remarkable books. The case of George Rodriguez illustrates
why the crime lab has entered a time of crisis. I will discuss that case
and the larger story of the Houston lab, to introduce the first of three books:
Sandra Guerra Thompson’s Cops in Lab Coats: Curbing Wrongful Convictions
Through Independent Forensic Laboratories.
6
Second, I will turn to Erin
Murphy’s7
book, Inside the Cell: The Dark Side of Forensic DNA, to explore
why DNA testing is no panacea for these growing problems and may instead
actually magnify some of them. These failings raise the larger question
whether improved research to support forensic disciplines, national regulation
regarding the quality and standards for labs, and constitutional criminal
procedure to remedy the poor litigation of forensics in the courtroom can
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 115
IS  - 6
UR  - http://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1655&context=mlr
Y2  - 2017/05/02/14:59:30
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Blue on Black: An Empirical Assessment of Police Shootings
AU  - Sekhon, Nirej
AB  - Michael Brown’s 2014 death in Ferguson, Missouri thrust police-officer-involved homicides into the popular consciousness. A series of subsequent officer-involve
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/01/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2700724
ST  - Blue on Black
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2700724
Y2  - 2017/05/12/16:44:58
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2700724
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2700724
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2700724
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2700724
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2700724
KW  - crime
KW  - officer-involved shootings
KW  - police shootings
KW  - excessive force
KW  - violence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Four Reforms for the Twenty-First Century
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - Judicature
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 96
SP  - 323
J2  - Judicature
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A troubling case turns on a strand of evidence
AU  - Abraham, Yvonne
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - George Perrot has spent 30 years in prison for a brutal rape he always said he did not commit. Now, a single hair stands between him and freedom.
DA  - 2015/09/05/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Yvonne Abraham
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/09/05/abraham/iCJsoQ3nJDsuHOTaC0jO7L/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:48:15
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/09/05/abraham/iCJsoQ3nJDsuHOTaC0jO7L/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/09/05/abraham/iCJsoQ3nJDsuHOTaC0jO7L/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Examining Human Error In Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Fernandez, Manny
T2  - New York Times
AB  - A new examination of wrongful convictions in New York City and around the state found that a number of them stemmed not from DNA evidence being used to prove someone's innocence, but from a far older phenomenon: human error. The report, released on Friday by the New York State Bar Association, studied the cases of 53 men and women whose convictions were overturned, often after spending years, sometimes decades, in prison for murders, rapes and other crimes they did not commit.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 25
SN  - 03624331
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=36307070&site=ehost-live
AN  - 36307070
N1  - <p>Examining Human Error In Wrongful Convictions<br/>Fernandez, Manny; Source Info: 2/1/2009, p25; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: EXCULPATORY DNA evidence; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: NEW York (N.Y.); Subject Term: NEW York (State); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 924</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - NEW York (State)
KW  - Human error
KW  - EXCULPATORY DNA evidence
KW  - NEW York (N.Y.)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Keeping Track: Surveillance, Control and the Expansion of the Carceral State
AU  - Petersilia, Joan
AU  - Young, Kathryn
T2  - Harvard Law Review
AB  - Doyle: A fascinating review of a group of books, the review focused on the contribution of criminal justice processes to  amplifying bias and noting the complementary (and mutually indispensable need for) statistical and narrative qualitative impact.  This link is to the teaser article, a further link to the pdf document is at the end of this page


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/keeping$20track$20surveillance%7Csort:relevance/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vSSpbCew808/1XruiPtAAQAJ
DA  - 2016/03/10/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Keeping Track
UR  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:30:15
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
L2  - https://harvardlawreview.org/2016/03/keeping-track-surveillance-control-and-the-expansion-of-the-carceral-state/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - U.S. military missed signs before Afghan shooting rampage by soldier
AU  - Flaharty, Mary
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Army investigation cites lax standards and troubling conduct leading up to the 2012 massacre.
DA  - 2015/08/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/us-military-missed-signs-before-afghan-shooting-rampage-by-soldier/2015/08/18/60ee49d2-4054-11e5-9561-4b3dc93e3b9a_story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/16:13:51
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/us-military-missed-signs-before-afghan-shooting-rampage-by-soldier/2015/08/18/60ee49d2-4054-11e5-9561-4b3dc93e3b9a_story.html?utm_term=.4fac7c8cf0fa
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/us-military-missed-signs-before-afghan-shooting-rampage-by-soldier/2015/08/18/60ee49d2-4054-11e5-9561-4b3dc93e3b9a_story.html?utm_term=.4fac7c8cf0fa
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Examining wrongful convictions: Stepping back, moving forward
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AB  - Berkeley Electronic Press Selected Works
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DP  - works.bepress.com
ST  - Examining wrongful convictions
UR  - https://works.bepress.com/allison_redlich/17/
Y2  - 2017/06/20/18:45:17
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘A terribly devastating event’: Black man killed by SWAT team was innocent, officials say
AU  - Miller, Michael
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Donnell Thompson, 27, was gentle and kind with the mind of a 16-year-old, his family said. He was killed July 28 by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department in an apparent case of mistaken identity.
DA  - 2016/08/10/
PY  - 2016
ST  - ‘A terribly devastating event’
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:43:41
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/08/10/a-terribly-devastating-event-black-man-killed-by-swat-team-was-innocent-officials-say/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories-2_mm-swat-150pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.a303bdfbef8e
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How “Making a Murderer” Went Wrong
AU  - Schultz, K.
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - The Netflix series seems more like vigilante justice than investigative journalism.
DA  - 2017/01/25/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:46:34
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/25/dead-certainty
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Racial Discrimination and Capital Punishment: The Indefensible Death Sentence of Duane Buck
AU  - Caplan, Lincoln
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - A psychologist in a death-row inmate’s trial claimed he was more likely to be dangerous because he is black.
DA  - 2016/04/20/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Racial Discrimination and Capital Punishment
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/racial-discrimination-and-capital-punishment-the-indefensible-death-sentence-of-duane-buck
Y2  - 2017/04/28/19:13:15
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/racial-discrimination-and-capital-punishment-the-indefensible-death-sentence-of-duane-buck
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/racial-discrimination-and-capital-punishment-the-indefensible-death-sentence-of-duane-buck
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Workplace Drug Testing As Social Control
AU  - Hecker, S.
AU  - Kaplan, M. S.
T2  - International Journal of Health Services, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 693-707, 1989
AB  - The emergence of employee drug testing is examined in the context of the historical development of the principle and practice of workplace surveillance. The evolution of disciplinary and control systems is traced from the early industrial revolution through the scientific management movement and its recent offshoots. Industrial medicine and industrial psychology are presented as elements of the process of making surveillance scientific. Drug testing and other contemporary surveillance technologies are placed in this context, and their cultural, political-economic, and moral underpinnings are examined. The discussion also explores the dilemma posed by the need to address the real problem of drug abuse in the context of a social control paradigm. The analysis concludes that it will not be easy to reframe the drug testing debate in a larger context, but the failure to do so perpetuates the view that drug testing, like quality circles and other concepts, is just another in a series of independent devices to keep workers from hurting themselves and others and to improve productivity and competitiveness in the interest of society as whole. Furthermore, sufficient historical and contemporary evidence exists of ideological and political influences on scientific research and government drug policymaking as to justify severe skepticism in accepting drug testing at its face value. 56 references (Author abstract modified)
CY  - United States
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
SP  - 15-15
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9755707?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Workplace Drug Testing As Social Control<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 SuppNotes - DCC Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR156828; 156828</p>
KW  - Drug consumption analysis (04636)
KW  - Employer-employee relations (05168)
KW  - Substance abuse in the workplace (10135)
KW  - Urinalysis (01197)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Brooklyn Prosecutor Scraps 7 Murder Convictions but Says Detective Broke No Laws
AU  - Feuer, Alan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The former detective Louis Scarcella was accused of misconduct in many homicide investigations. The district attorney’s office says it found no “smoking gun.”

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/mqOhaMe9BDQ
DA  - 2017/05/25/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/nyregion/louis-scarcella-murder-dismissals.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:05:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/nyregion/louis-scarcella-murder-dismissals.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/nyregion/louis-scarcella-murder-dismissals.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=sectionfront
N1  - <p>https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/mqOhaMe9BDQ</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
N1  - <p>https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/mqOhaMe9BDQ</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Scarcella, Louis
KW  - Thompson, Kenneth P
KW  - Hynes, Charles J
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - 2013 Annual Report to the State Legislature
AU  - Commission, North Carolina Innocence Inquiry
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.innocencecommission-nc.gov/Forms/pdf/gar/2012%20Annual%20Report%20(sent%20to%20General%20Assembly%20in%202013).pdf
N1  - <p>2013 Annual Report to the State Legislature.</p>
N1  - <p>2013 Annual Report to the State Legislature.</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - In Its Rush to Kill, Arkansas May Have Executed an Innocent Man
AU  - Stubbs, Cassadra
T2  - American Civil Liberties Union
AB  - Ledell Lee’s first hard-knock moment came even before he was born. His mom, 16 and on her third pregnancy by a man years older than she was, drank and smoked through his pregnancy. Because of her substance abuse, Ledell was born with a fetal alcohol syndrome disorder, a medical condition that left him with brain dysfunction and intellectual disability.
DA  - 2017/04/24/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/its-rush-kill-arkansas-may-have-executed-innocent-man
Y2  - 2017/05/02/14:45:18
L2  - https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/its-rush-kill-arkansas-may-have-executed-innocent-man
L2  - https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/its-rush-kill-arkansas-may-have-executed-innocent-man
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - From ‘Central Park Five’ Case, a Lesson in Assigning Blame
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/nyregion/central-park-five-petition-oversimplifies-blame-in-a-collective-failure.html Note by Doyle: Jim Dwyer, NYT Reporter, and co-author with Sheck and Neufeld of Actual Innocence, pushes back against an effort to exorcise the Central Park Five trial level prosecutor:
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>From ‘Central Park Five’ Case, a Lesson in Assigning Blame</p>
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Data and Accountability in Indigent Defense
AU  - Laurin, Jennifer
T2  - OHIO STATE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
DA  - 2016/08/31/
PY  - 2016
VL  - 14
UR  - http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/osjcl/files/2017/04/03-Laurin.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/10/21:12:02
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Middlesex County prosecutors play fast and loose with facts in murder case - The Boston Globe
AU  - Abraham, Yvonne Abraham Globe Columnist November
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Middlesex County prosecutors made the argument over and over. Every time Aisling Brady McCarthy’s attorneys requested she be granted bail, prosecutors countered that McCarthy could not be released because she would then be deported — automatically, and immediately
DA  - 2015/11/10/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/07/middlesex-county-prosecutors-play-fast-and-loose-with-facts-murder-case/N45MlO5puLcVYPB91sJUBM/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:43:47
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/07/middlesex-county-prosecutors-play-fast-and-loose-with-facts-murder-case/N45MlO5puLcVYPB91sJUBM/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/07/middlesex-county-prosecutors-play-fast-and-loose-with-facts-murder-case/N45MlO5puLcVYPB91sJUBM/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Influencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare: In Conversation with International Leaders
AU  - Sears, Asst Prof Kim
AU  - Broderick, Ms Briana
AU  - Stockley, Professor Denise
AB  - Influencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare explores the inner workings of some of the most influential minds in healthcare quality, risk and safety. The book was created in cooperation with the Master of Science in Healthcare Quality graduate program at Queen’s University, Canada. It provides a unique and highly accessible view into how and why the science of healthcare quality has developed, as well as giving a first-hand account of the founders and key players in the movement. The book will offer valuable insights to any undergraduate/graduate class with an interest in healthcare, as well as professionals working within any of the many disciplines that make up the healthcare system.
DA  - 2015/10/28/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 257
LA  - en
PB  - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
SN  - 978-1-4724-4927-6
ST  - Influencing the Quality, Risk and Safety Movement in Healthcare
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=5f2fCgAAQBAJ
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=5f2fCgAAQBAJ
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - Medical / Health Care Delivery
KW  - Law / Criminal Law / General
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Wrongful Convictions: How We Drift into Error
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - http://www.thecrimereport.org/viewpoints/2013-04-wrongful-convictions-how-we-drift-into-error
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Wrongful Convictions: How We Drift into Error</p>
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Gloucester police have sent more than 100 for drug treatment - The Boston Globe
AU  - DiNatale, Sara
AU  - 2015
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - More than 100 drug-addicted people in Gloucester have found their way to treatment through the local police force, which on June 1 began a program that has officers seeking to help, rather than arrest, opioid users.
DA  - 2015/08/14/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/14/gloucester-police-have-sent-more-than-for-drug-treatment/9dTb8pLEx9h9o1n2ykRIKO/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/17:36:49
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/14/gloucester-police-have-sent-more-than-for-drug-treatment/9dTb8pLEx9h9o1n2ykRIKO/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/08/14/gloucester-police-have-sent-more-than-for-drug-treatment/9dTb8pLEx9h9o1n2ykRIKO/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Improving Diagnosis in Health Care
AU  - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering
AB  - Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative.

Improving Diagnosis in Health Care a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errors—has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6npoO5HtOMQ
DA  - 2015/09/22/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nap.edu
SN  - 978-0-309-37769-0
UR  - https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21794/improving-diagnosis-in-health-care
Y2  - 2017/05/25/17:58:34
L2  - https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21794/improving-diagnosis-in-health-care?utm_source=NAP+Newsletter&utm_campaign=9a3ba785e3-Final_Book_2015_12_30_21794&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_96101de015-9a3ba785e3-103402713&goal=0_96101de015-9a3ba785e3-103402713&mc_cid=9a3ba785e3&mc_eid=706f96c67d
L2  - https://www.nap.edu/catalog/21794/improving-diagnosis-in-health-care?utm_source=NAP+Newsletter&utm_campaign=9a3ba785e3-Final_Book_2015_12_30_21794&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_96101de015-9a3ba785e3-103402713&goal=0_96101de015-9a3ba785e3-103402713&mc_cid=9a3ba785e3&mc_eid=706f96c67d
L4  - https://www.nap.edu/download/21794
L4  - https://www.nap.edu/download/21794
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Service Members Are Left in Dark on Health Errors - The New York Times
AU  - Lafraniere, Sharon
DA  - 2015/04/19/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/20/us/service-members-are-left-in-dark-on-health-errors.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=1
Y2  - 2017/06/09/14:09:15
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Leaked police files contain guarantees disciplinary records will be kept secret
AU  - Joseph, George
T2  - The Guardian
AB  - Guardian analysis of dozens of contracts revealed by hackers shows more than a third allow or require destruction of civilian complaint records
DA  - 2016/02/07/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Guardian
LA  - en-GB
SE  - US news
SN  - 0261-3077
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/07/leaked-police-files-contain-guarantees-disciplinary-records-will-be-kept-secret
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:33:11
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/07/leaked-police-files-contain-guarantees-disciplinary-records-will-be-kept-secret
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/07/leaked-police-files-contain-guarantees-disciplinary-records-will-be-kept-secret
KW  - US policing
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Machine Bias: There’s Software Used Across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And it’s Biased Against Blacks.
AU  - Kirchner, Julia Angwin, Surya Mattu, Jeff Larson, Lauren
AB  - There’s software used across the country to predict future criminals. And it’s biased against blacks.
DA  - 2016/05/23/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Machine Bias
UR  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:21:02
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - USING ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS TO STUDY PROSECUTORIAL ERROR: A COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY (PENNSYLVANIA) DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE AND THE QUATTRONE CENTER FOR THE FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
AU  - STEVEN E. RAPER, MD, JD; LEE A. FLEISHER, MD; DAVID L. MAYER, PHD; THE
AU  - HONORABLE RISA V. FERMAN; KEVIN STEELE, JD; & JOHN HOLLWAY, JD
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 62
SP  - 13
EP  - 40
UR  - http://lawweb2009.law.villanova.edu/lawreview/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Raper_Final.pdf
Y2  - 2017/03/13/16:59:14
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - TEAM POLICING IN THE HARTFORD POLICE DEPARTMENT (CT)
AU  - Bryfonski, J. J.
AU  - McDonough, E. F.
AU  - Moschella, E. P.
AU  - Wilson, J.
AB  - THE EFFORTS OF THE HARTFORD, CONN., POLICE DEPARTMENT TO INTRODUCE FULL-SERVICE NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING IN THREE DISTRICTS ARE EVALUATED. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING IS DEPENDENT ON EFFECTIVE VERTICAL AND LATERAL COMMUNICATIONS, TRUST, CONFIDENCE, AND CLARITY OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING CONCEPT IS TO PROVIDE A CONCEPTUAL MODEL AS A GUIDE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. AN EVALUATION OF THE CONCEPT WAS CONDUCTED DURING 1976-1978 TO ASSESS DEPARTMENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND DIRECT INVOLVEMENT OF THE EVALUATION TEAM IN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A FEDERAL TEAM POLICING GRANT IN THREE CITY DISTRICTS. THE GRANT'S OBJECTIVES WERE LIMITED TO IMPROVING POLICE SERVICES, DECREASING CRIME AND CITIZEN FEAR, AND CHANGING TO A PREVENTIVE POLICING MODE. EVENTS THAT OCCURRED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD POLICING CONCEPT, KNOWN AS THE HARTFORD MODEL, WERE A CRIME PREVENTION STUDY AND A STREET CRIME ASSESSMENT STUDY. THE TRANSLATION OF PLANS INTO OPERATIONS INCLUDED A SOPHISTICATED STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROCESS. THE APPROACH OF THE EVALUATORS WAS TO RECOGNIZE AND BE SENSITIVE TO IDEAS AND VIEWS OF POLICE OFFICERS WHOSE WORK BEHAVIOR WOULD BE AFFECTED BY THE ADOPTION OF A TEAM POLICING MODEL AS ONE OF THE DEPARTMENT'S MAJOR MANAGEMENT POLICIES. ONSITE OBSERVATIONS AND INTERVIEWS PROVED TO BE USEFUL AND INFORMATIVE TOOLS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE TEAM POLICING EFFORTS. ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE HARTFORD POLICE DEPARTMENT WERE MEASURED AGAINST 11 OBJECTIVES: TO IMPROVE POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS, TO INCREASE OFFICER JOB SATISFACTION, TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY, TO INCREASE THE FLOW OF CRIME-RELATED INFORMATION TO POLICE, TO INCREASE THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF INVESTIGATIONS AND THE NUMBER OF CRIMINALS APPREHENDED AND PROSECUTED, TO IMPROVE POLICE SERVICES, TO IMPROVE CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL, TO ESTABLISH MORE EFFECTIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT, TO DECREASE CRIME RATES, TO DECREASE CITIZEN FEAR, AND TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY SERVICES. BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE HARTFORD MODEL ARE OPERATIONAL. IT IS FELT THAT, WITH FURTHER REFINEMENT, THE MODEL CAN BE USED AS A CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL BASE UPON WHICH TO BUILD AN EVEN MORE EFFECTIVE POLICING ORGANIZATION. (DEP)
DA  - 1978///
PY  - 1978
SP  - 23
EP  - 23
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=50202
N1  - <p>TEAM POLICING IN THE HARTFORD POLICE DEPARTMENT (CT)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR50202; 50202</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Police community relations (00877)
KW  - Crime prevention measures (04612)
KW  - Connecticut (89000)
KW  - Program evaluation (02839)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - People with mental illness 16 times more likely to be killed by police
AU  - Szabo, Elizabeth
T2  - USA TODAY
AB  - At at time of increased attention to police shootings, a new report estimates that people with mental illness are 16 times more likely to be killed by police than people without mental illness.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/FHm0tGmgAXc
DA  - 2015/12/10/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/10/people-mental-illness-16-times-more-likely-killed-police/77059710/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/10/people-mental-illness-16-times-more-likely-killed-police/77059710/?siteID=je6NUbpObpQ-My1kUMSbzHrDJvEpXLNmuQ
L2  - https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/10/people-mental-illness-16-times-more-likely-killed-police/77059710/?siteID=je6NUbpObpQ-My1kUMSbzHrDJvEpXLNmuQ
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Before the Law
AU  - Goonerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - Jennifer Gonnerman on Kalief Browder, a Bronx teen-ager who was accused of stealing a backpack. He spent over a thousand days awaiting trial.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vybwKJ9K1y4
DA  - 2014/10/06/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/06/before-the-law
Y2  - 2017/06/26/21:53:23
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Gunman Who Killed Police Sergeant Had History of Desperation and Defiance
AU  - Mueller, Benjamin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Friends and family members of Manuel Rosales, who was killed in a shootout with officers last week, spoke of his many personal struggles.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/brEbapvxWfc
DA  - 2016/11/06/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html
Y2  - 2017/03/24/17:22:48
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/nyregion/gunman-who-killed-police-sergeant-had-history-of-desperation-and-defiance.html?action=click&contentCollection=N.Y.%20%2F%20Region&module=RelatedCoverage%C2%AEion=Marginalia&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8EA9AA808294A7AA2B7FA3F8282EE7F5&gwt=pay
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Attacks on Police
KW  - Brentwood (NY)
KW  - Rosales, Manuel (1981-2016)
KW  - Tuozzolo, Paul J (1975-2016)
ER  - 

TY  - MPCT
TI  - Baton Rouge man calls wrongful arrest an 'honest mistake'
AU  - Anonymous
AB  - Ronald Freeman and Roshecia Butler are in love. That's easy to see.What the happy couple has a hard time figuring out is how Ronald wound-up behind-bars for a crime he did not commit.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vJ7tjEwHoK4
DA  - 2015/01/29/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.wafb.com/story/27978525/baton-rouge-man-calls-wrongful-arrest-an-honest-mistake
Y2  - 2017/06/13/21:03:11
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Collateral Victims of Criminal Justice
AU  - Dewan, Shaila
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - An arrest, whether or not a conviction follows, has long-term consequences for a defendant’s family.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tx57kotLWKU
DA  - 2015/09/05/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/06/sunday-review/the-collateral-victims-of-criminal-justice.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:57:32
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/06/sunday-review/the-collateral-victims-of-criminal-justice.html?ref=opinion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=47DCD05D9EB1E3B73CA8E58D9BF06B9D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/06/sunday-review/the-collateral-victims-of-criminal-justice.html?ref=opinion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=47DCD05D9EB1E3B73CA8E58D9BF06B9D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Fines (Penalties)
KW  - Bail
KW  - Sentences (Criminal)
KW  - Banking and Financial Institutions
KW  - Families and Family Life
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Do Supreme Court Justices Understand How Prosecutors Decide Whether to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence? | ACS
AU  - Sarma, Bidish
AB  - by Bidish Sarma. Sarma is an attorney who represents individuals sentenced to death and other harsh punishments including life without parole. He previously worked as a clinical teaching fellow at the Berkeley Law Death Penalty Clinic and staff attorney and Deputy Director of the Capital Appeals Project in New Orleans.SCOTUS’s decision last week in Wearry v. Cain has provided us with plenty

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/fatnQBVWT_U
DA  - 2016/03/17/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Do Supreme Court Justices Understand How Prosecutors Decide Whether to Disclose Exculpatory Evidence?
UR  - https://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/do-supreme-court-justices-understand-how-prosecutors-decide-whether-to-disclose-exculpatory
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:10:06
L2  - https://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/do-supreme-court-justices-understand-how-prosecutors-decide-whether-to-disclose-exculpatory
L2  - https://www.acslaw.org/acsblog/do-supreme-court-justices-understand-how-prosecutors-decide-whether-to-disclose-exculpatory
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - District attorney withheld 19 pages of Remy report
AU  - Cramer, Maria
T2  - Boston Globe
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/axlgd6NbzmI
DA  - 2014/08/22/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/21/district-attorney-withheld-pages-remy-report/4kXpGvU6Ww0A30dHWrtezM/story.html
Y2  - 2017/07/03/18:03:44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eyewitness testimony in the Lockerbie bombing case
AU  - Loftus, Elizabeth
T2  - Memory
AB  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMDU5NjI5MTc2MDY1OTYxNDg5ODEBWV9HdEU3OHZZdUFKATIBAXYy
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Eyewitness testimony in the Lockerbie bombing case</p>
N1  - <p>Eyewitness testimony in the Lockerbie bombing case</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - QUALITY ASSURANCE - A BRIEF OVERVIEW FOR THE CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATOR
AU  - Wyszewianski, L.
AB  - THIS MANUAL AIMS TO PROVIDE THE CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATOR WITH A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY ASSURANCE METHODS. IN ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED TO THE CORRECTIONAL POPULATION, OUTCOME MEASURES (EFFECT OF HEALTH SERVICE ON THE PATIENT'S CONDITION), PROCESS MEASURES (HOW CARE IS PROVIDED), AND STRUCTURAL MEASURES (THE SETTING, RESOURCES, AND PERSONNEL) CAN BE USED. IN THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES THE ACHIEVEMENT OF DESIRABLE QUALITY CAN BE SEEN AS TAKING PLACE AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL AND AT THE MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING LEVEL. QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES AT THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL ARE INTENDED TO REMEDY DEFICIENCIES AS THEY ARE FOUND, WHILE AT THE MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING LEVEL THE FOCUS IS ON USING PAST EXPERIENCE TO DESIGN NEW WAYS OF DELIVERING SERVICES SO AS TO ELIMINATE THE RECURRENCE OF PAST DEFICIENCIES. THE FUNCTIONS OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATORS THUS INCLUDE SECURING THE RESOURCES TO ASSURE STRUCTURAL QUALITY, INSTITUTING THE PROCEDURES AND OPERATIONAL CONTROLS TO ASSURE QUALITY, AND CHECKING PERIODICIALLY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF ALL THOSE ELEMENTS AND MAKING ADJUSTMENTS WHEN NECESSARY. THE ACTIONS OF ALL COMPONENTS OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MUST BE OBSERVED (FROM PHYSICIANS TO MEDICAL RECORDS). IN ORDER TO IMPLEMENT A FORMAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND ASSURANCE PROGRAM, STANDARDS MUST BE DEVELOPED, PROCEDURES ESTABLISHED FOR COLLECTING EVALUATION INFORMATION, AND MECHANISMS DESIGNED FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF CARE. SUCH MECHANISMS INCLUDE CONCURRENT EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND OTHER ACTIVITIES AS WITH OPERATIONAL CONTROLS (I.E., WHILE THEY ARE TAKING PLACE) AND RETROSPECTIVELY, AS IN MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING. REFERENCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT ADMINISTRATION OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED.
DA  - 1979///
PY  - 1979
SP  - 18
EP  - 18
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9811932?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>QUALITY ASSURANCE - A BRIEF OVERVIEW FOR THE CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATOR<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAM - RESOURCE MANUAL Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR68734; 68734</p>
N1  - <p>QUALITY ASSURANCE - A BRIEF OVERVIEW FOR THE CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE ADMINISTRATOR<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAM - RESOURCE MANUAL Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR68734; 68734</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Quality control (04662)
KW  - Corrections management (04966)
KW  - Program evaluation (02839)
KW  - Inmate programs (00503)
KW  - Medical and dental services (03838)
KW  - Standards or goals (04163)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Conviction Integrity Units White Paper
AU  - Center on Prosecutor Integrity
DA  - 2014/12//
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/documents/1382264-conviction-integrity-unit?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20141217-72#.CAWQJyiUT
Y2  - 2017/06/14/17:35:09
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Tulane Law: Exploring Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Tulane Law
AB  - John F. Hollway, executive director of the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and John Thompson, founder/director of Resurrection After Exoneration in New Orleans, discuss the systemic failings that led to Thompson's 18 years on Death Row for a crime he didn't commit. Co-sponsored by Tulane Law School and the Penn Club of Louisiana.
DA  - 2015/10/01/
PY  - 2015
DP  - YouTube
ST  - Tulane Law
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Di4lxR3rxGg&feature=youtu.be
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:24:19
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - justice
KW  - Conviction
KW  - courts
KW  - Law
KW  - Miscarriage Of Justice (Film Subject)
KW  - Penn Club of Louisiana
KW  - Quattrone Center
KW  - Tulane University Law School (College/University)
KW  - University Of Pennsylvania Law School (College/University)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Are Educators Learning How to Interrogate Their Students?
AU  - Starr, Reed
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - A company that provides training to police officers and private-security personnel is now offering its services to schools.
DA  - 2016/03/25/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-are-educators-learning-how-to-interrogate-their-students
Y2  - 2017/05/08/18:50:38
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-are-educators-learning-how-to-interrogate-their-students
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-are-educators-learning-how-to-interrogate-their-students
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Meet Our Prisoners
AU  - Goldstein, Dana
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - A study lingers on the lives of those we incarcerate.
DA  - 2015/04/02/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/02/meet-our-prisoners
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Prosecutorial Accountability 2.0
AU  - Green, Bruce A.
AU  - Yaroshefsky, Ellen
AB  - This article examines prosecutors’ accountability for professional misconduct. It begins by identifying a significant evolution since the Warren Court era both
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/01/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2722791
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2722791
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:35:27
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2722791
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2722791
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2722791
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2722791
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Bruce A. Green
KW  - Ellen  Yaroshefsky
KW  - Prosecutorial Accountability 2.0
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Risk Management for Police Administrators
AU  - Gallagher, G. P.
T2  - Police Chief, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 18, 20, 25, 26, 27, June 1990
AB  - A police agency risk management program complements administrative objectives by avoiding police-citizen interactions that could result in litigation. Risk management is concerned with basic training and the differences between sworn and certified officers. State minimum standards for police officer certification are set by individual States but may not meet the "standards of care" required by the courts in liability cases. Police policies should be incorporated into written standards that verify that wrongful actions by officers contradict established policy. The risks incurred by a municipality can extend to off-duty actions of officers, including moonlighting. In-service legal training for officers, covering court decision, statutes, and major high-risk task policies improves supervision and discipline. Finally, supervisors represent management at the operational level and need to be trained to uniformly interpret and enforce department policies. In developing a risk management plan, police administrators should entrust the project to a reliable subordinate, gather information about previous and current lawsuits, designate a departmental liaison for risk management matters, outline department needs relating to potential liability to the risk manager, react quickly to incidents which may lead to lawsuits, meet with corporation counsel and department legal counsel, undertake a comprehensive liability assessment, review high-risk/critical tasks, and consider applying for police department accreditation.
CY  - United States
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
SP  - 5-5
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9703915?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Risk Management for Police Administrators<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Availability - National Institute of Justice/NCJRS, Box 6000 Department F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - Reprinted from Public Risk, May/June 1987, under the title "Our Police: Where Does a Risk Manager Start?" Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR124668; 124668</p>
KW  - Civil liability (04434)
KW  - *Risk management (09228)
KW  - Operations research (04378)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recursive modeling of loss of control in human and organizational processes: a systemic model for accident analysis
AU  - Kontogiannis, Tom
AU  - Malakis, Stathis
T2  - Accident; Analysis And Prevention
AB  - A recursive model of accident investigation is proposed by exploiting earlier work in systems thinking. Safety analysts can understand better the underlying causes of decision or action flaws by probing into the patterns of breakdown in the organization of safety. For this deeper analysis, a cybernetic model of organizational factors and a control model of human processes have been integrated in this article (i.e., the viable system model and the extended control model). The joint VSM-ECOM framework has been applied to a case study to help safety practitioners with the analysis of patterns of breakdown with regard to how operators and organizations manage goal conflicts, monitor work progress, recognize weak signals, align goals across teams, and adapt plans on the fly. The recursive accident representation brings together several organizational issues (e.g., the dilemma of autonomy versus compliance, or the interaction between structure and strategy) and addresses how operators adapt to challenges in their environment by adjusting their modes of functioning and recovery. Finally, it facilitates the transfer of knowledge from diverse incidents and near misses within similar domains of practice.;
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.029
VL  - 48
SP  - 303
EP  - 316
SN  - 1879-2057
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=22664695&site=ehost-live
N1  - <p>Recursive modeling of loss of control in human and organizational processes: a systemic model for accident analysis<br/>22664695</p>
KW  - leadership
KW  - Models, Organizational*
KW  - Accidents, Aviation/prevention & control
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hierarchy, Social
KW  - Safety Management/methods
KW  - Systems Theory*
KW  - Workload
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After gorilla death, try empathy -- not blame
AU  - Robbins, Mel
T2  - CNN
AB  - In the aftermath of the gorilla death at the Cincinnati Zoo, Mel Robbins floats the novel idea that instead of pointing fingers, we try empathizing instead.
DA  - 2016/05/30/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/30/opinions/gorilla-zoo-death-dont-judge-mel-robbins/index.html
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/30/opinions/gorilla-zoo-death-dont-judge-mel-robbins/index.html
L2  - http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/30/opinions/gorilla-zoo-death-dont-judge-mel-robbins/index.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Bill Hammond: Who prosecutes the prosecutors? - NY Daily News
AU  - Hammond, Bill
T2  - New York Daily News
DA  - 2015/02/11/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/bill-hammond-prosecutes-prosecutors-article-1.2110290
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Major Case Management: A Guide for Law Enforcement Managers
AU  - McDevitt, B. S. Daniel S.
AB  - This book examines all the various elements used for an appropriate response to a variety of types of major cases for law enforcement management. The goal of this book is to provide the law enforcement manager with tools and strategies that can be used while managing their next major case. Examined first is what constitutes a major case and how the management of major cases differs greatly from the management of more routine cases, followed by a historical perspective on police responses to major cases and techniques used in several successful major case investigations. Each subsequent chapter critically examines the types of major cases and obstacles to success, the use of task forces, major case management planning, effective management strategies, information management, personnel management, sources of information including victim and witness issues, administrative and logistical considerations, non-homicide major case obstacles, media strategies, liaisons, pre-planning, and after-action critiques. Additionally, the appendices contain information regarding model forms: an intergovernmental agreement for a major crimes task force, by-laws of the major crimes task force, major case management planning checklist, a lead sheet and lead assignment control log, investigative summary report, intelligence report, major case after-action critique, and concluding with a general overview. Contained within this book are a number of case studies, which will highlight both the good and the bad decisions and actions taken on a variety of major cases in a variety of settings. The victimology, geographics, and actions taken on each of these cases are examined, and both the good and bad lessons learned are discussed. Appendixes and index
CY  - United States
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 270-270
SN  - 978-0-398-07874-4
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/754084758?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Major Case Management: A Guide for Law Enforcement Managers<br/>[M.S.] Date revised - 2010-08-01 Availability - Charles C Thomas, 2600 South First Street, Springfield, IL 62704 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR251649; 251649; 9780398078744</p>
N1  - <p>Major Case Management: A Guide for Law Enforcement Managers<br/>[M.S.] Date revised - 2010-08-01 Availability - Charles C Thomas, 2600 South First Street, Springfield, IL 62704 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR251649; 251649; 9780398078744</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Police specialized training (09667)
KW  - Police decisionmaking (05185)
KW  - Police information systems (00822)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - If Police Stairwell Shooting Was Accidental, Circumstances Around It Were Not
AU  - Feuer, Alan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Now that former Officer Peter Liang has avoided prison for fatally shooting Akai Gurley, questions turn to the broken elevator, broken lights and police practice that made the deadly episode possible.
DA  - 2016/04/21/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/nyregion/if-police-stairwell-shooting-was-accidental-circumstances-around-it-were-not.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/19:15:51
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/nyregion/if-police-stairwell-shooting-was-accidental-circumstances-around-it-were-not.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=BBBFD3553C25B18D0D73A370198AE271&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/nyregion/if-police-stairwell-shooting-was-accidental-circumstances-around-it-were-not.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=2&pgtype=sectionfront&mtrref=undefined&gwh=BBBFD3553C25B18D0D73A370198AE271&gwt=pay
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Poverty
KW  - East New York (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Elevators and Escalators
KW  - Gurley, Akai
KW  - Liang, Peter (1987- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - NOTE: APOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION: WHY THE SYSTEM SHOULD SAY IT'S SORRY
AU  - Penzell, Abigail
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&doctype=cite&docid=9+Cardozo+J.+Conflict+Resol.+145&key=90fc18b7deefb21754736af4d1cdf848
Y2  - 2017/06/18/03:23:11
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Cost of a Stolen Life
AU  - Levy, Ariel
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - John Restivo was wrongfully convicted. Can he be compensated for decades of lost freedom?
DA  - 2015/04/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/13/the-price-of-a-life
Y2  - 2017/06/09/
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/13/the-price-of-a-life
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/13/the-price-of-a-life
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Illinois and Cook County reconsider profits from inmate phone calls
AU  - Emmanual, Adeshina
T2  - Chicago Reporter
AB  - Pressure to lessen the financial burden on inmates and their families may be making a difference. Cook County officials and Illinois lawmakers are looking at reducing commissions made from inmate phone calls.
DA  - 2017/02/08/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://chicagoreporter.com/illinois-and-cook-county-reconsider-profits-from-inmate-phone-calls/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/16:01:40
L2  - http://chicagoreporter.com/illinois-and-cook-county-reconsider-profits-from-inmate-phone-calls/
L2  - http://chicagoreporter.com/illinois-and-cook-county-reconsider-profits-from-inmate-phone-calls/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ISSUES IN TEAM POLICING - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
AU  - Woodward, J. P.
AU  - Day, H. T.
AU  - O'Neil, J. P.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AB  - A REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF LITERATURE RELATING TO TEAM POLICING, SUPPLEMENTED BY INTERVIEWS WITH TEAM POLICING PRACTITIONERS AND ANALYSTS. TEAM POLICING IS FIRST DISCUSSED IN AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE TRACING ITS DEVELOPMENT AND DEFINITION. THE IMPACT OF TEAM POLICING UPON CRIME CONTROL FACTORS, OFFICERS' ROLE PERCEPTION, POLICE SUPERVISION AND LEADERSHIP, AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES IS DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. AN EVALUATION OVERVIEW PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINING SPECIFIC RESULTS ATTRIBUTED TO TEAM POLICING IN THE LITERATURE. ADAPTATIONS IN POLICE TRAINING PROGRAMS, TO ACCOMMODATE THE NEEDS OF TEAM POLICING, ARE ALSO EXAMINED. HYPOTHESIZED RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIABLES, SUGGESTED BY THE LITERATURE, ARE PRESENTED IN APPENDIX. THE ENGLISH APPROACH TO TEAM POLICING, UNIT BEAT POLICING, IS ALSO DISCUSSED.
DA  - 1977///
PY  - 1977
SP  - 57
EP  - 57
UR  - https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011327966
N1  - <p>ISSUES IN TEAM POLICING - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Availability - Superintendent of Documents, GPO, Washington, DC 20402; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 SuppNotes - NATIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR34480; 34480</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Supervision (03948)
KW  - England (90010)
KW  - Literature (04304)
KW  - National Evaluation Program (04790)
KW  - Role perception (04536)
KW  - United States of America (90990)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - This Is Not Justice: Ian Tomlinson, Institutional Failure and the Press Politics of Outrage
AU  - Greer, Chris
AU  - McLaughlin, Eugene
T2  - British Journal of Criminology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 274 - 293, March 2012
AB  - This article contributes to research on the sociology of scandal and the role of national newspapers and, more particularly, newspaper editorials in setting the agenda for public debate around police accountability and miscarriages of justice. In previous work, the authors analyzed how citizen journalism framed news coverage of the policing of the G20 Summit, London 2009, and the death of Ian Tomlinson (Greer and McLaughlin 2010). This article considers the next stage of the Ian Tomlinson case. The empirical focus is the controversy surrounding the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decision not to prosecute the police officer filmed striking Tomlinson shortly before he collapsed and died. The authors illustrate how the press's relentless agenda-setting around â€ ̃institutional failureâ€TM, initially targeted at the Metropolitan Police Service, expanded to implicate a network of criminal justice institutions. The Tomlinson case offers insights into the shifting nature of contemporary relations between the British press and institutional power. It is a paradigmatic example of a politically ambitious form of â€ ̃attack journalismâ€TM, the scope of which extends beyond the criminal justice system. In a volatile information-communications marketplace, journalistic distrust of institutional power is generating a â€ ̃press politics of outrageâ€TM, characterized by â€ ̃scandal amplificationâ€TM. (Published Abstract)
CY  - United Kingdom
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 20-20
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1112338516?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>This Is Not Justice: Ian Tomlinson, Institutional Failure and the Press Politics of Outrage<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-15 Language of summary - English Pages - 20 ProQuest ID - 1112338516 Last updated - 2012-10-17 British nursing index edition - British Journal of Criminology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 274 - 293, March 2012 Corporate institution author - Greer, Chris; McLaughlin, Eugene DOI - NCJR261550; 261550</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Duane Buck deserves a color-blind sentencing trial
AU  - Kogan, Gerald
AU  - Cole, Tim
AU  - Kogan, Gerald
AU  - Cole, Tim
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - The Supreme Court should rebuke the argument that blackness predicts violence.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/cgtByR6Gmag
DA  - 2016/10/02/
PY  - 2016
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_story.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:14:47
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/duane-buck-deserves-a-color-blind-sentencing-trial/2016/10/02/3010f396-8748-11e6-92c2-14b64f3d453f_print.html?hpid=hp_no-name_opinion-card-f%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.ee96721f69c5
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘Making a Murderer’ shows that our justice system needs a healthy dose of humility
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - We need the humility both to recognize when we get it wrong and to do something about it.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/00iVC8wjTBk
DA  - 2016/01/15/
PY  - 2016
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-lessons-from-making-a-murderer/2016/01/15/93d9698c-baf0-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_story.html?utm_term=.6e79fbf4e935
Y2  - 2017/05/15/17:29:10
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-lessons-from-making-a-murderer/2016/01/15/93d9698c-baf0-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_print.html?utm_term=.6e79fbf4e935
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-lessons-from-making-a-murderer/2016/01/15/93d9698c-baf0-11e5-829c-26ffb874a18d_print.html?utm_term=.6e79fbf4e935
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Pedagogy of Innocence: Reflection on the Role of Innocence Projects in Clinical Legal Education
AU  - Findley, Keith
T2  - Clinical Law Review, Forthcoming
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 07
EP  - 5
N1  - <p>The Pedagogy of Innocence: Reflection on the Role of Innocence Projects in Clinical Legal Education</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Bad FBI Science
AU  - Cohen, Andrew
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - A forensic whistleblower on the latest scandal.
DA  - 2015/04/24/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/24/bad-fbi-science
Y2  - 2017/06/09/13:52:02
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/24/bad-fbi-science?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sprout&utm_source=facebook#.wXoy0T9Ej
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/24/bad-fbi-science?utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sprout&utm_source=facebook#.wXoy0T9Ej
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taking Mistakes Seriously
AU  - Larkin, Paul J
T2  - Browser Download This Paper
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
J2  - Browser Download This Paper
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Accused killer showed pattern of hostility - The Boston Globe
AU  - Murphy, Shelly, and Globe Staff
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Just three months after Jorge Zambrano walked free after seven years in prison for cocaine trafficking, he was stopped by Worcester police, who suspected him of selling drugs from his car.
DA  - 2016/06/05/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/06/05/zambrano/KwTHQK284zaWZJcgsRi3hM/story.html
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:58:10
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/06/05/zambrano/KwTHQK284zaWZJcgsRi3hM/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Police Learn from Lawsuits
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
T2  - Cordoza Law Review
AB  - http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1640855
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 33
UR  - http://www.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/contract-economic-organization/files/Joanna%20Schwartz_What%20Police%20Learn%20from%20Lawsuits.pdf
N1  - <p>What Police Learn from Lawsuits</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alive and well after 25 years: A review of groupthink research
AU  - Esser, James K.
T2  - Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
AB  - This article provides a summary of empirical research on groupthink theory. Groupthink research, including analyses of historical cases of poor group decision making and laboratory tests of groupthink, is reviewed. Results from these two research areas are briefly compared. Theoretical and methodological issues for future groupthink research are identified and discussed. I conclude that groupthink research has had and continues to have considerable heuristic value. A small, but growing, body of empirical literature has been generated. In addition, groupthink research has stimulated a number of theoretical ideas, most of which have yet to be tested.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 116
EP  - 141
SN  - 0749-5978
N1  - <p>Alive and well after 25 years: A review of groupthink research</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MANSCPT
TI  - FOR SHAME: THE PUBLIC HUMILIATION OF PROSECUTORS BY JUDGES TO CORRECT WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
AU  - Bazelon, Lara
AB  - Shaming sanctions have a long history in the United States. In the colonial era, judges routinely subjected criminal offenders
to a variety of public humiliations that included branding and even maiming. These punishments were designed to exact
retribution, deter future misdeeds, and to impress upon the offender the importance of adhering to community norms.
Shaming sanctions largely disappeared in the early 1800s with the rise of the prison industrial complex, only to reappear in
courtrooms across the country in the early 1990s, when trial judges began to demand that offenders write public apologies,
mop streets they had desecrated, and wear signs proclaiming their offenses to the world.
Now, a new shame sanction is on the horizon with a wholly unexpected cast of characters.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/04/160406_JURIS_ForShame_Bazelon.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:09:55
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Arkansas Judge, Accused of Coercing Defendants Into Spankings and Sex Acts, Resigns
AU  - Hauser, Christine
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A state panel said O. Joseph Boeckmann Jr. ordered the men to be spanked, to engage in sex acts and to bend over for thousands of photos to fulfill “community service.”
DA  - 2016/05/10/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/us/arkansas-judge-accused-of-coercing-defendants-into-sex-acts-resigns.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:26:21
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/us/arkansas-judge-accused-of-coercing-defendants-into-sex-acts-resigns.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/11/us/arkansas-judge-accused-of-coercing-defendants-into-sex-acts-resigns.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Ethics and Official Misconduct
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How the system failed William Ziegler: Perjured testimony, trashed evidence, lying jurors
AU  - Kirby, Brendan
T2  - AL.com
AB  - Mobile County Circuit Judge Sarah Stewart's 218-page ruling faults the actions of investigators and prosecutors, the performance of William Ziegler's lawyers before, during and after the trial, and even conduct of two of the jurors.
DA  - 2013/02/01/
PY  - 2013
ST  - How the system failed William Ziegler
UR  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:14:14
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
L2  - http://blog.al.com/live/2013/02/how_the_system_failed_william.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forensic science as “risky business”: identifying key risk factors in the forensic process from crime scene to court
AU  - Roberta Julian
AU  - Sally F. Kelty
T2  - Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice
DA  - 2015/11/19/
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
DP  - emeraldinsight.com (Atypon)
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
SP  - 195
EP  - 206
J2  - Jnl of Criminological Research, Policy & Practice
SN  - 2056-3841
ST  - Forensic science as “risky business”
UR  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
Y2  - 2017/04/24/21:08:07
L2  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L2  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L2  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L2  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L4  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L4  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L4  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
L4  - http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/JCRPP-09-2015-0044
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - WRONGLY CONVICTED: PERSPECTIVES ON FAILED JUSTICE
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra A.
AU  - Humphrey, John A.
AB  - Written by criminologists, social scientists, & lawyers, the essays that comprise Wrongly Convicted each speak to the idea that, despite the inherent safeguards that exist in the US legal system to prevent wrongful conviction, this tragedy continues. Each of the essays points to a common argument -- that many prosecutors & political leaders alike have failed to recognize, & prevent, the prevalence of wrongful conviction. Following a Foreword by Michael L. Radelet & an Editors' Introduction, the 14 Chpts are organized into four Parts: (1) causes of wrongful convictions, (2) the social characteristics of the wrongly convicted, (3) the faces of the wrongly convicted, & (4) visions for change in the twenty-first century. Specific topics of examination include false confessions, the role that informants & police officers play in wrongful convictions, the wrongly convicted of death row, the use of new technology -- including DNA evidence -- at trial, & ineffective assistance of counsel. K. A. Larsen
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
SP  - xiv+301
PB  - Rutgers U Press
SN  - 0-8135-2952-2
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/60037712?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>WRONGLY CONVICTED: PERSPECTIVES ON FAILED JUSTICE<br/>Date revised - 2007-04-01 Journal announcement date - New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U Press, 2001 Language of summary - English Pages - xiv+301 ProQuest ID - 60037712 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Legal Procedure; *Legal System; *Capital Punishment; *Guilt; *Police; *Criminal Proceedings; *Offenders; *Sentencing; *Justice SuppNotes - Edition date: 2001. Last updated - 2011-12-15 docISBN - 0813529522 British nursing index edition - New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U Press, 2001. xiv+301 pp. Corporate institution author - Westervelt, Saundra A; Humphrey, John A DOI - SA-306318083; 200119415; 0813529522; 00-045748</p>
KW  - *Legal System
KW  - *Sentencing
KW  - 1636: social control
KW  - book
KW  - sociology of law
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Widening the Lens on Blame - The New York Times
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - New York Times
DA  - 2014/09/02/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/nyregion/widening-the-lens-on-blame.html
Y2  - 2016/08/23/13:55:25
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LA Police Chief to Investigate the Wrongful Conviction of John Edward Smith
AU  - Chinn, Jeff
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>September 28<br/>LA Police Chief to Investigate the Wrongful Conviction of John Edward Smith</p>
N1  - <p>September 28<br/>LA Police Chief to Investigate the Wrongful Conviction of John Edward Smith</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - A Recipe for Bias: An Empirical Look at the Interplay between Institutional Incentives and Bounded Rationality in Prosecutorial Decision Making
AU  - O'Brien, Barbara
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://digitalcommons.law.msu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=facpubs
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:16:18
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Murder or Self-Defense if Officer Is Killed in Raid?
AU  - Sack, Kevin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - With battering rams and flash-bang grenades, SWAT teams fuel the risk of violence as they forcibly enter suspects’ homes. Five months and 85 miles apart, two cases took starkly divergent legal paths.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/69qU3fAIV6w
DA  - 2017/03/18/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html
Y2  - 2017/03/22/19:12:28
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/18/us/texas-no-knock-warrant-drugs.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Attacks on Police
KW  - Texas
KW  - Bell County (Tex)
KW  - Burleson County (Tex)
KW  - Guy, Marvin Louis
KW  - Informers
KW  - Magee, Henry
KW  - Marijuana
KW  - no-knock search warrants
KW  - Search and Seizure
KW  - Self-Defense
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Nightmare Court, Worthy of Dickens
AU  - The Editorial Board
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In New York City’s poorest borough, misdemeanor defendants wait months or years for a trial. A lawsuit aims to end that injustice.
DA  - 2016/05/11/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/opinion/a-nightmare-court-worthy-of-dickens.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/17:59:41
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/opinion/a-nightmare-court-worthy-of-dickens.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=041A563F9DF8A1658AE0EA7B3A527288&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/opinion/a-nightmare-court-worthy-of-dickens.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=041A563F9DF8A1658AE0EA7B3A527288&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Editorials
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Bronx Defenders
KW  - Suits and Litigation (Civil)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Learning from Error in Policing: A Case Study in Organizational Accident Theory
AU  - Shane, Jon
CY  - New York
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
PB  - New York: Springer
N1  - <p>Learning from Error in Policing: A Case Study in Organizational Accident Theory</p>
N1  - <p>Learning from Error in Policing: A Case Study in Organizational Accident Theory</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Top Police and Prosecutors Condemn Mass Incarceration
AU  - Neyfakh, Leon
AU  - Saletan, William
T2  - Slate
AB  - But ignore the role they have to play in solving the problem.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1q_-DSBkBhI
DA  - 2015/10/23/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/police_and_prosecutors_condemning_mass_incarceration_ignore_their_own_role.2.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/18:38:53
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/police_and_prosecutors_condemning_mass_incarceration_ignore_their_own_role.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/10/police_and_prosecutors_condemning_mass_incarceration_ignore_their_own_role.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Real Victims of Satanic Ritual Abuse
AU  - McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez
AU  - Karim, Meeran
T2  - Slate
AB  - The dangers were imaginary, but the consequences were not.
DA  - 2014/01/07/
PY  - 2014
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2014/01/fran_and_dan_keller_freed_two_of_the_last_victims_of_satanic_ritual_abuse.html
Y2  - 2017/06/23/18:52:12
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - United and man dragged from flight reach ‘amicable’ settlement
AU  - Aratani, Lori
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - "Our policies got in the way of our values and procedures interfered in doing what's right,” United chief executive Oscar Munoz said.
DA  - 2017/04/27/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/27/united-dragging-report-our-review-shows-that-many-things-went-wrong-that-day/
Y2  - 2017/04/28/17:54:12
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/27/united-dragging-report-our-review-shows-that-many-things-went-wrong-that-day/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_united145am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.36b141620ca6
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/27/united-dragging-report-our-review-shows-that-many-things-went-wrong-that-day/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_united145am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.36b141620ca6
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/27/united-dragging-report-our-review-shows-that-many-things-went-wrong-that-day/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_united145am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.36b141620ca6
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/04/27/united-dragging-report-our-review-shows-that-many-things-went-wrong-that-day/?hpid=hp_hp-more-top-stories_united145am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.36b141620ca6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making forensic science more scientific
AU  - Neufeld, Peter
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - Nature
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 464
IS  - 7287
SP  - 351
EP  - 351
J2  - Nature
SN  - 0028-0836
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Lessons from the Denver Medication Error/ Criminal Negligence Case: Look Beyond Blaming Individuals
AU  - Cohen, Judy Smetzer and Michael
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
PB  - Agency For Healthcare Research and Quality
N1  - <p>Lessons from the Denver Medication Error/ Criminal Negligence Case: Look Beyond Blaming Individuals</p>
N1  - <p>Lessons from the Denver Medication Error/ Criminal Negligence Case: Look Beyond Blaming Individuals</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecutors deny mishandling case of convicted killer
AU  - Torralva, krista
AB  - Prosecutors still agree a convicted killer should be granted a new trial but dispute claims they mishandled the case.
DA  - 2016/01/27/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.caller.com/news/local/crime/prosecutors-switch-stance-on-new-trial-for-convicted-killer-2a48d52a-c432-7ff7-e053-0100007f7f91-366708301.html
Y2  - 2017/05/12/16:50:15
L2  - http://archive.caller.com/news/local/crime/prosecutors-switch-stance-on-new-trial-for-convicted-killer-2a48d52a-c432-7ff7-e053-0100007f7f91-366708301.html?platform=hootsuite
L2  - http://archive.caller.com/news/local/crime/prosecutors-switch-stance-on-new-trial-for-convicted-killer-2a48d52a-c432-7ff7-e053-0100007f7f91-366708301.html?platform=hootsuite
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecuting officers won’t lead to the changes we need on race and policing
AU  - Yeomans, William
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - Criminal prosecutions are an inadequate driver of systemic change in policing.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/MiP2nNVpYbo
DA  - 2016/05/24/
PY  - 2016
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/prosecuting-officers-wont-lead-to-the-changes-we-need-on-race-and-policing/2016/05/24/996f3538-21c6-11e6-9e7f-57890b612299_story.html?utm_term=.2d0e33a34170
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/prosecuting-officers-wont-lead-to-the-changes-we-need-on-race-and-policing/2016/05/24/996f3538-21c6-11e6-9e7f-57890b612299_print.html?utm_term=.2d0e33a34170
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/prosecuting-officers-wont-lead-to-the-changes-we-need-on-race-and-policing/2016/05/24/996f3538-21c6-11e6-9e7f-57890b612299_print.html?utm_term=.2d0e33a34170
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What’s the Point of Moral Outrage?
AU  - Hoffman, Jillian Jordan, Paul Bloom, Moshe
AU  - Rand, David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - It may seem noble and selfless, but it’s also about improving your reputation.
DA  - 2016/02/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/opinion/sunday/whats-the-point-of-moral-outrage.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:58:31
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/opinion/sunday/whats-the-point-of-moral-outrage.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=28CA350D63BD309EE2CBE67D63215A53&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/opinion/sunday/whats-the-point-of-moral-outrage.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=28CA350D63BD309EE2CBE67D63215A53&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Research
KW  - Advertising and Marketing
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Evolution (Biology)
KW  - Nature (Journal)
KW  - Psychology and Psychologists
KW  - Social Conditions and Trends
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Dose of Reality for Medical Malpractice Reform
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
T2  - New York University Law Review
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>October 23<br/>A Dose of Reality for Medical Malpractice Reform</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How Much Does a Public Defender Need to Know About a Client?
AU  - Cohen, Andrew
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - As a recent New Jersey ruling shows, the justice system still doesn't grasp the importance of fair counsel.
DA  - 2013/10/23/
PY  - 2013
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/10/how-much-does-a-public-defender-need-to-know-about-a-client/280761/
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Criminal (In)Justice
AB  - Criminal Injustice discusses the always current, sometimes disturbing, frequently confusing and often shocking aspects of the American criminal justice system. Weekly episodes examine issues like police body cameras, racial biases, use of force and incarceration through wide-ranging interviews with national figures in the know. It's not a lecture hall, and you don't need a law degree to keep up. The podcast is, above all else, a conversation, capped with Harris' "Lawyers Behaving Badly" bonus feature that pokes fun at the worst in the legal profession. Join us every Tuesday, review us on iTunes and definitely....
UR  - http://www.criminalinjusticepodcast.com/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Penetrating the Police Brotherhood
AU  - Serpico, Frank
T2  - POLITICO Magazine
AB  - When the head of America’s largest police group apologized to minority communities this week, he was acknowledging that the problem starts at the top.

Doyle: Frank Serpico published an article in Politico today calling for a separate organization to review police shootings.

Serpico:
AP Images
LAW AND ORDER
Penetrating the Police Brotherhood
When the head of America’s largest police group apologized to minority communities this week, he was acknowledging that the problem starts at the top.
By FRANK SERPICO October 22, 2016
Facebook
Twitter
Google +
Email
Comment
Print

MOST POPULAR

White House blame game intensifies as Trump agenda stalls
Warner, Schiff supportive of inquiry into Trump-Russia ties
Mulvaney on health care loss: 'Rotten' Washington won
State Dept. condemns crackdown on Russia protests
White House looks to rack up wins after health care calamity

As a former police detective, I find myself appalled by the epidemic of police shootings across America—and the taint of profound distrust that has fallen on a profession I once loved. In my day a cop’s uniform and badge were our best defense. The gun was a last resort. We depended on the idea that citizens knew that killing a police officer held dire consequences. We were given a different kind of training that taught us to minimize the use firearms, particularly when restraining mentally disturbed people, and even if guns had to be drawn and used, to try to avoid shooting to kill if possible.

But when Terrence M. Cunningham, the chief of police in Wellesley, Mass., and president of America’s largest police management organization, issued a formal apology earlier this week to the nation’s minority population “for the actions of the past and the role that our profession has played in society’s historical mistreatment of communities of color,” he was making a long-overdue gesture. He was acknowledging, in effect, on behalf of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, that too many police in recent decades have been shooting first and asking questions later.


Sure, it’s never easy to know exactly when and under what circumstances you should fire. That was the tragedy of what occurred in Palm Springs two weeks ago, when two officers responding to a domestic disturbance call were shot dead when a 26-year-old ex-convict opened fire with an AR-15 rifle through a metal screen door. You try not to draw your weapon unless you have to, and those two brave officers, Lesley Zerebny and Jose "Gil" Vega, made the ultimate sacrifice because they acted with restraint.

police robot.jpg
DEPT. OF THE FUTURE
Is Police Use of Force About to Get Worse—With Robots?
By E.B. BOYD
I found myself in several situations like that as a cop in New York City back in the 1960s, some of which were portrayed (fairly accurately) in the 1973 movie “Serpico.” Once when I was off duty and returning from a movie with my girlfriend on my motorcycle, I witnessed a shooting in the street in front of a bar. Three men fired at a victim, killing him, then drove off. I quickly dropped my girlfriend off someplace safe, then followed in pursuit of the car, turning off my headlight. After the car came to a stop, double parking under a street lamp, one man got out holding a gun in each hand. I was armed with only an off-duty snub-nosed .38 special, which had just five rounds in the cylinder. I took cover across the nearest car's trunk, aiming at the suspect, and announced: "Police! Drop your guns! " The suspect turned and started running back to the car. I fired one warning shot, at which time the car took off, leaving the suspect. I overtook him and disarmed him (he had another gun in his coat pocket). But the reason I never fired at him is because, even though he’d just been involved in a homicide, I did not sense that he wanted to engage me. In another situation, however, I shot and wounded a fleeing felon, but only after he engaged me with gunfire (he also had an outstanding warrant for rape).

The point is, police are asked to make these judgment calls all the time; and for whatever reason, too many of them today are opting to pull out their weapons and begin firing no matter what. They evince an unconcern for human life that is horrifying. Plainly they are not being trained properly, and just as plainly the police brass in departments around the country are doing a poor job of weeding out bad seeds as recruits. Two years after Ferguson—and other cases where police have been caught on video using their firearms precipitously—the epidemic of shootings by police shows no signs of slowing down. Across the country, police appear to casually pump bullets into supposed perpetrators—usually black men—who are often just standing still on city streets.

Some cases are even worse. In Sacramento recently, two officers were seen on police video intentionally trying to run over a homeless man like road kill and then shooting him 14 times. That would be murder with forethought before any impartial jury, but the officers involved seemed to care less about taking an innocent human life for kicks. Once again, as we’ve seen in so many other cases, they appear to feel a kind of immunity behind their badge and uniform. That is what we also witnessed recently in Tulsa, Okla., when a police officer fired into the chest of 40-year-old Terence Crutcher, killing him even as he stood with his hands up. And in Charlotte, N.C., where Keith Scott, who was shot in the back, causing another round of angry and violent protests.

The nation is in the middle of a presidential election in which the main debate is about terrorist attacks, but statistics shows that Americans—especially minority Americans—are more likely to lose their lives to a police officer than to a terrorist.

ADVERTISING

inRead invented by Teads
There is only one way of reversing this trend. We need a whole new approach to police accountability that will systematically separate the good cops from the bad cops and weed out the latter. But that is not possible in an environment where what I call the “police brotherhood”—the brass, the unions and the district attorneys that are all in bed with each other—continue their code of silence about shooting crimes and other violence by police. In Chicago, there is a direct connection between the horrific spate of violence and shootings in that city and this police code of silence. In 2012, a jury awarded $850,000 in damages to Karolina Obrycka, a waitress who was beaten by a cop, after it found that a “pervasive code of silence” within the police department had allowed the police perpetrator, Anthony Abbate, to attack her without fear of punishment.


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/3jACo_mv-4w
DA  - 2016/10/22/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://politi.co/2erj88d
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:25:32
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/10/police-apology-minority-communities-214381
KW  - Apologizing
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement: How to Avoid Patient Safety Burnout
AU  - Rooney, Kevin
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ewKhLnMKjco
DA  - 2016/05/19/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/_layouts/15/ihi/community/blog/itemview.aspx?List=7d1126ec-8f63-4a3b-9926-c44ea3036813&ID=251
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:18:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root cause analysis in response to a "near miss"
AU  - Berry, K.
AU  - Krizek, B.
T2  - Journal For Healthcare Quality: Official Publication Of The National Association For Healthcare Quality
AB  - Root cause analysis is a technique used in determining the real cause of an event. The Sentinel Event Policy of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires a root cause analysis of a sentinel event but not a "near miss." However, root cause analysis is an important process for preventing another near miss from the same or similar cause. This article reviews the background of basic root cause analysis and provides an example of the process. Changes in policy and procedures for patient-controlled analgesia therapy, as a result of the root cause analysis, are described.;
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
SN  - 1062-2551
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=10847861&site=ehost-live
AN  - 10847861
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20000301. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Skokie Il : National Association For Healthcare Quality</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20000301. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Skokie Il : National Association For Healthcare Quality</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20000301. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Skokie Il : National Association For Healthcare Quality</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20000301. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Skokie Il : National Association For Healthcare Quality</p>
KW  - Causality
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
KW  - Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations*
KW  - Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data
KW  - Problem Solving*
KW  - Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration
KW  - Risk Management/*methods
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Studying Wrongful Convictions: Learning from Social Science
AU  - Leo, R. A.
AU  - Gould, J. B.
T2  - Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law
AB  - There has been an explosion of legal scholarship on wrongful convictions in the last decade, reflecting a growing concern about the problem of actual innocence in the criminal justice system. Yet criminal law and procedure scholars have engaged in relatively little dialogue or collaboration on this topic with criminologists. In this article, we use the empirical study of wrongful convictions to illustrate what criminological approaches—or, more broadly, social science methods—can teach legal scholars. After briefly examining the history of wrongful conviction scholarship, we discuss the limits of the (primarily) narrative methodology of legal scholarship on wrongful convictions. We argue that social scientific methods allow for more precise and accurate depictions of the multifactorial and complex nature of causation in wrongful conviction cases. In the main body of this article, we discuss and illustrate several social science approaches to the study of wrongful conviction: aggregated case studies, matched comparison samples, and path analysis. We argue these methods would help criminal law and procedure scholars to better understand the causes, characteristics, and consequences of wrongful convictions than a purely narrative approach. Finally, we offer concluding thoughts about improving the dialogue between criminal law and criminology on the subject of wrongful conviction.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 7
SP  - 7
N1  - <p>Studying Wrongful Convictions: Learning from Social Science</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - 'FORTUNATELY WE IN VICTORIA ARE NOT IN THAT UK SITUATION': AUSTRALIAN AND UNITED KINGDOM LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON PLEA BARGAINING REFORM
AU  - Flynn, Asher
T2  - Deakin Law Review
AB  - The polarisation between consistency, controls and the unscrutinised discretionary powers held by criminal justice agencies is a complex issue that transcends jurisdictions. In the Australian State of Victoria, this conflict is particularly evident in the prosecutor's decision-making powers in the plea bargaining process, because these powers are not subject to scrutiny and the decisions made under them are not transparent. Furthermore, plea bargaining itself is a non-formalised and unscrutinised method of case resolution. While the use of discretion is an important component of prosecutorial work, it is the potentially individualised and idiosyncratic nature of unscrutinised discretionary decisions that results in plea bargaining and prosecutorial decision-making in Victoria giving rise to perceptions of inappropriateness and misconduct. Drawing upon the voices of Victorian and United Kingdom legal professionals, this article critically analyses the controls placed on United Kingdom prosecutors by the Attorney General's Guidelines on the Acceptance of Pleas and the Prosecutor's Role in the Sentencing Exercise 2009 (UK), and considers whether similar guidelines could be implemented in Victoria to redress problems surrounding the idiosyncratic nature of prosecutorial decision-making in plea bargaining. By offering a unique insight into the perspectives of those involved in plea bargaining, this article explores the benefits of implementing a transparent and scrutinised control on prosecutorial discretion in plea bargaining, and considers whether this would in turn offer greater safeguards, consistency and transparency of prosecutorial decision-malting in Victoria.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 361
EP  - 404
SN  - 13213660
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70504298&site=ehost-live
AN  - 70504298
N1  - <p>'FORTUNATELY WE IN VICTORIA ARE NOT IN THAT UK SITUATION': AUSTRALIAN AND UNITED KINGDOM LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON PLEA BARGAINING REFORM<br/>Flynn, Asher 1; Email Address: asher.flynn@monash.edu; Affiliation: 1: Lecturer in Criminology, School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice agencies; Subject Term: DECISION making in law; Subject Term: PLEA bargaining; Subject Term: LEGAL professions; Subject Term: PROSECUTION -- Decision making; Subject Term: VICTORIA; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>'FORTUNATELY WE IN VICTORIA ARE NOT IN THAT UK SITUATION': AUSTRALIAN AND UNITED KINGDOM LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON PLEA BARGAINING REFORM<br/>Flynn, Asher 1; Email Address: asher.flynn@monash.edu; Affiliation: 1: Lecturer in Criminology, School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice agencies; Subject Term: DECISION making in law; Subject Term: PLEA bargaining; Subject Term: LEGAL professions; Subject Term: PROSECUTION -- Decision making; Subject Term: VICTORIA; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - LEGAL professions
KW  - CRIMINAL justice agencies
KW  - DECISION making in law
KW  - PLEA bargaining
KW  - PROSECUTION -- Decision making
KW  - VICTORIA
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - For the Defense, a Master of Delay
AU  - Glaberson, William
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Douglas G. Rankin, with his reputation for late arrivals, postponements and filibusters, is an example of how defense lawyers often use time as a weapon.
DA  - 2013/04/14/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:34:10
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/nyregion/justice-denied-courts-in-slow-motion-aided-by-defense.html?hpw&_r=0
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Series
KW  - Justice Denied (Series)
KW  - Rankin, Douglas G
KW  - Smith, Rule
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Commentary: Van Dyke case points to need for sentencing reform
AU  - Warden, Rob
T2  - Injustice Watch
AB  - Two years after the fatal shooting of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald, Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke's murder case highlights the rigidity of Illinois's firearms enhancements and truth-in-sentencing laws.
DA  - 2016/11/22/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Commentary
UR  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
Y2  - 2017/03/24/15:19:39
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2016/commentary-van-dyke-case-points-to-need-for-sentencing-reform/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Did Blacks Really Endorse the 1994 Crime Bill?
AU  - Kohler-hausmann, Elizabeth Hinton, Julilly
AU  - Weaver, Vesla M.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - African Americans wanted comprehensive action, not mass incarceration. But white politicians heard what they wanted to hear.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/KYxYrMCAWPo
DA  - 2016/04/13/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/13/opinion/did-blacks-really-endorse-the-1994-crime-bill.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:50:51
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/13/opinion/did-blacks-really-endorse-the-1994-crime-bill.html?ref=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/13/opinion/did-blacks-really-endorse-the-1994-crime-bill.html?ref=opinion
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - United States Politics and Government
KW  - Sentences (Criminal)
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Clinton, Bill
KW  - Clinton, Hillary Rodham
KW  - Congressional Black Caucus
KW  - Law and Legislation
KW  - Schumer, Charles E
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - U.S. Drops Charges That Professor Shared Technology With China
AU  - Apuzzo, Matt
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - All charges against the Temple University professor were dropped after it became apparent the Justice Department had misinterpreted a key piece of evidence.
DA  - 2015/09/11/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/12/us/politics/us-drops-charges-that-professor-shared-technology-with-china.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:46:49
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/12/us/politics/us-drops-charges-that-professor-shared-technology-with-china.html?ref=todayspaper&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A7B4D4435F9408202E891407D8A09A8B&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/12/us/politics/us-drops-charges-that-professor-shared-technology-with-china.html?ref=todayspaper&mtrref=undefined&gwh=A7B4D4435F9408202E891407D8A09A8B&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese-Americans
KW  - Espionage and Intelligence Services
KW  - Physics
KW  - Temple University
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Understanding Parole Officers Responses to Sanctioning Reform
AU  - Steiner, Benjamin
AU  - Travis Iii, Lawrence F.
AU  - Makarios, Matthew D.
T2  - Crime & Delinquency
AB  - There are constant calls for reform in the criminal justice system, but observers have often reported that criminal justice reform is an exceptionally challenging task. As with any organizational change, resistance to new policies, procedures, and practices comes from a variety of sources. The relatively broad discretionary authority vested in line-level personnel often contributes to the difficulty associated with implementing change in criminal justice agencies. There is ample evidence that line staff resistance to organizational reform can undermine the implementation of organizational change. In this study, the authors examine the effects of the state of Ohio's transition to graduated sanctioning guidelines on parole officers in particular, how these reforms were perceived by the key actors in the sanctioning process: parole officers. Findings from a statewide survey revealed that officers were generally dissatisfied with the restrictions on their discretion resulting from the reform. Analyses revealed that organizational factors such as officers perceptions concerning how the sanctioning policy was implemented and its intended purposes were more influential than individual characteristics in shaping officers views concerning the efficacy of the reform.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SP  - 222
EP  - 246
SN  - 00111287
UR  - 10.1177/0011128709343141http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=59213940&site=ehost-live
AN  - 59213940
N1  - <p>Understanding Parole Officers Responses to Sanctioning Reform<br/>Steiner, Benjamin 1; Email Address: steinerb@mailbox.sc.edu Travis III, Lawrence F. 2 Makarios, Matthew D. 3; Affiliation: 1: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA 2: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA 3: University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p222; Subject Term: PAROLE; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Subject Term: CORRECTIONAL personnel; Subject Term: SANCTIONS (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: OHIO; Author-Supplied Keyword: organizational change; Author-Supplied Keyword: parole; Author-Supplied Keyword: reform; Author-Supplied Keyword: sanction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922150 Parole Offices and Probation Offices; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8573</p>
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL change
KW  - CORRECTIONAL personnel
KW  - OHIO
KW  - PAROLE
KW  - reform
KW  - sanction
KW  - SANCTIONS (Law)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Darren Wilson’s Quest for Distance
AU  - Blow, Charles M.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Wilson must have made the calculation that a magazine profile would humanize and rehabilitate him in some way. He was wrong.
DA  - 2015/08/06/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/06/opinion/charles-blow-darren-wilsons-quest-for-distance.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:05:20
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/06/opinion/charles-blow-darren-wilsons-quest-for-distance.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/06/opinion/charles-blow-darren-wilsons-quest-for-distance.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Brown, Michael (1996-2014)
KW  - Ferguson (Mo)
KW  - New Yorker
KW  - Wilson, Darren (1986- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - What Cops Know
AU  - Callery, Taylor
T2  - Chicago magazine
AB  - You can learn a lot about a city by seeing it through the eyes of police officers who patrol it.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ii-hPT2pUgE
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/July-2017/What-Cops-Know/
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:10:35
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The need for independent reviews of police killings - The Boston Globe
AU  - Vennochi, Joan and Globe Columnist August
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The ACLU and other civil liberties groups are calling for an independent investigation into the shooting of Usaamah Rahim.
DA  - 2016/08/30/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/18:53:28
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/08/29/the-need-for-independent-reviews-police-killings/Mw3sKYeTmYx7zDkZ6LCC6H/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Bosk Pronovost Lancet Checklists Reality PIIS0140673609614409.pdf
AU  - Pronovost, PJ
DA  - 2009/08/08/
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTYxNzc2MzcxNTcyMTA0NzY1NDIBNDBhN1NER0xCQUFKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/06/19/02:31:32
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Criminal Injustice: A Cost Analysis of Wrongful Convictions, Errors, and Failed Prosecutions in California’s Criminal Justice System
AU  - Silbert, Rebecca Sullivan
AU  - Hollway, John
AU  - Larizadeh, Darya
T2  - Penn Legal Scholarship Repository
T3  - Faculty Scholarship
AB  - Mistakes, incompetence and malfeasance in our criminal justice system can have serious and lifelong consequences on the person prosecuted, and can compromise the public’s belief in the system. Although much has been examined regarding small sample sets of individuals for whom there is uniform agreement on innocence, thousands of other defendants are subjected to these flawed prosecutions. This report analyzes a dataset of 692 adult felony criminal cases in California, the majority from 2000 – 2012, wherein the defendant was convicted of felony or felonies, the convictions were reversed, and the charges were either dismissed or the defendant subsequently found not guilty on retrial. The individuals in the study endured hundreds of trials, mistrials, appeals, and habeas petitions and served more than two thousand years in prison and jail, at a total cost to California taxpayers of more than $282 million, adjusted for inflation. The document examines the types of cases susceptible to error, the types of error that exist, and the direct costs of incarceration, representation, and compensation attributable to these cases and their ultimate resolution. In the absence of data relating to the taxpayer costs for trial, the report suggest a methodology to estimate taxpayer costs for cases that proceed to trial and cases that settle prior to trial, grouped by type of crime.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
DP  - scholarship.law.upenn.edu
ST  - Criminal Injustice
UR  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1635
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:19:03
L2  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1635/
L2  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1635/
L2  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1635/
L2  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1635/
L4  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2636&context=faculty_scholarship
L4  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2636&context=faculty_scholarship
L4  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2636&context=faculty_scholarship
L4  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2636&context=faculty_scholarship
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Causes of wrongful conviction
AU  - Leverick, Fiona
AU  - Chalmers, James
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report: Executive Summary
AU  - National Prison Rape Elimination Commission
AB  - This executive summary briefly discusses the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission's nine findings on sexual abuse in correctional facilities as well as policies and practices that must be mandatory in remedying these problems; recommendations address what leaders in government outside the corrections profession can do to support solutions. The first finding is that protecting prisoners from sexual abuse remains a challenge in correctional facilities across the country, as men, women, and children are raped or sexually abused by other inmates and corrections staff. A second finding is that leadership matters, because corrections administrators can create a culture within facilities that promotes safety. Third, corrections administrators must routinely do more to identify inmates who are vulnerable, so they may be protected without being isolated from access to rehabilitative programming. Fourth, few correctional facilities have the rigorous internal monitoring and external oversight that would reveal why sexual abuse occurs and how to prevent it. Fifth, reporting procedures must be improved in order to instill confidence in that effective protective actions will be taken without relying on isolation. Sixth, correctional facilities must ensure immediate and ongoing access to medical and mental health care for victims of sexual abuse. Seventh, since confined juveniles are more likely than adults to be sexually abused, particularly when confined with adults, sexual abuse prevention, investigations, and treatment must be tailored to the developmental capacities and needs of youth. Eighth, individuals under correctional supervision in the community are also at risk of sexual abuse, with associated adverse consequences that jeopardize their successful reentry. Ninth, a growing number of detained immigrants are at risk of sexual abuse, which requires special interventions.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 28
EP  - 28
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9794574?accountid=26333http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/226681.pdf
N1  - <p>National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report: Executive Summary<br/>Date revised - 2010-02-22 Language of summary - English Pages - 28 ProQuest ID - 9794574 Availability - National Prison Rape Elimination Cmssn SuppNotes - Downloaded July 2, 2009 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR248677; 248677</p>
KW  - Culture of safety
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING - THE ROLE OF THE DETECTIVE TEAM (FROM NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING -- THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY (OR) EXPERIENCE, 1976, BY LEE P BROWN - SEE NCJ-47797)
AU  - Amidon, H.
AU  - Strudler, G.
AB  - THE SPECIALIZED INVESTIGATIVE FUNCTIONS OF DETECTIVES BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A TEAM POLICING MODEL THAT EXPANDED THE INVESTIGATIVE DUTIES OF PATROL OFFICERS ARE DESCRIBED. A BASIC COMPONENT OF THE MULTONAMAH COUNTY, OREG., TEAM POLICING PROGRAM'S FULL SERVICE MODE IS THE EXPANSION OF THE PATROL OFFICER'S RESPONSIBILITIES WITH REGARD TO FOLLOWUP INVESTIGATIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES. UNDER THE TEAM POLICING PROGRAM, THE PATROL OFFICER/ GENERALIST HAS FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF BURGLARIES, AUTO THEFTS, AND ALL LESSER CRIMES, BUT MAY REQUEST ASSISTANCE FROM A SPECIALIZED UNIT OF DETECTIVES AT ANY POINT IN THE INVESTIGATION. THE DETECTIVE TEAM MAINTAINS EXCLUSIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF HOMICIDES, ROBBERIES, ARSON, MORALS CHARGES, CHILD ABUSE, ORGANIZED VEHICLE THEFT, AND FRAUD; FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BURGLARY TRENDS AND PERPETRATORS; AND FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS. THE ROLE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVESTIGATIVE DIVISION (DETECTIVE TEAM) BEFORE AND AFTER INTRODUCTION OF THE TEAM POLICING PROGRAM ARE COMPARED. ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGRAMS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE INCLUDED. (LKM)
DA  - 1976///
PY  - 1976
SP  - 8
EP  - 8
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9745768?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING - THE ROLE OF THE DETECTIVE TEAM (FROM NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING -- THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY (OR) EXPERIENCE, 1976, BY LEE P BROWN - SEE NCJ-47797)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR47798; 47798</p>
N1  - <p>NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING - THE ROLE OF THE DETECTIVE TEAM (FROM NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING -- THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY (OR) EXPERIENCE, 1976, BY LEE P BROWN - SEE NCJ-47797)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR47798; 47798</p>
N1  - <p>NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING - THE ROLE OF THE DETECTIVE TEAM (FROM NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING -- THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY (OR) EXPERIENCE, 1976, BY LEE P BROWN - SEE NCJ-47797)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR47798; 47798</p>
N1  - <p>NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING - THE ROLE OF THE DETECTIVE TEAM (FROM NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING -- THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY (OR) EXPERIENCE, 1976, BY LEE P BROWN - SEE NCJ-47797)<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR47798; 47798</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Police organizational structure (00095)
KW  - Model programs (04691)
KW  - County police (03611)
KW  - Criminal investigation units (04575)
KW  - Oregon (41000)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Commissioning Innocence and Restoring Confidence: The North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission and the Missing Deliberative Citizen
AU  - Tate, Mary
T2  - Maine Law Review
AB  - Since 1989, the United States has witnessed 289 DNA exonerations, with exonerees serving an average of thirteen years in prison.2 Although DNA and its unmatched power for conclusive results is what brought popular attention to wrongful convictions, the scope of the problem is vastly larger than the number of known DNA exonerations.3 The actual number of convicted individuals who are factually innocent is unknown. The state of North Carolina has recently responded to this national crisis via a newly created state agency. This essay applauds North Carolina’s response, but urges that ordinary citizens, qua jurors, be active participants in its important work.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
N1  - <p>Commissioning Innocence and Restoring Confidence: The North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission and the Missing Deliberative Citizen</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early warning signals and the prosecutor's fallacy
AU  - Carl
AU  - Alan
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
AB  - Early warning signals have been proposed to forecast the possibility of a critical transition, such as the eutrophication of a lake, the collapse of a coral reef or the end of a glacial period. Because such transitions often unfold on temporal and spatial scales that can be difficult to approach by experimental manipulation, research has often relied on historical observations as a source of natural experiments. Here, we examine a critical difference between selecting systems for study based on the fact that we have observed a critical transition and those systems for which we wish to forecast the approach of a transition. This difference arises by conditionally selecting systems known to experience a transition of some sort and failing to account for the bias this introduces -- a statistical error often known as the prosecutor's fallacy. By analysing simulated systems that have experienced transitions purely by chance, we reveal an elevated rate of false-positives in common warning signal statistics. We further demonstrate a model-based approach that is less subject to this bias than those more commonly used summary statistics. We note that experimental studies with replicates avoid this pitfall entirely.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 279
IS  - 1748
SP  - 4734
EP  - 4739
SN  - 09628452
UR  - 10.1098/rspb.2012.2085http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=84450795&site=ehost-live
AN  - 84450795
N1  - <p>Early warning signals and the prosecutor's fallacy<br/>1, Carl 1; Email Address: cboettig@ucdavis.edu 2, Alan 2; Affiliation: 1: Center for Population Biology, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis 2: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California; Source Info: 12/7/2012, Vol. 279 Issue 1748, p4734; Subject Term: HAZARD signs; Subject Term: NATURE & nurture; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL assessment (Biology); Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: EUTROPHICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: alternative stable states; Author-Supplied Keyword: early warning signals; Author-Supplied Keyword: likelihood methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: tipping point; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4211</p>
N1  - <p>Early warning signals and the prosecutor's fallacy<br/>1, Carl 1; Email Address: cboettig@ucdavis.edu 2, Alan 2; Affiliation: 1: Center for Population Biology, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis 2: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California; Source Info: 12/7/2012, Vol. 279 Issue 1748, p4734; Subject Term: HAZARD signs; Subject Term: NATURE & nurture; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL assessment (Biology); Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: EUTROPHICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: alternative stable states; Author-Supplied Keyword: early warning signals; Author-Supplied Keyword: likelihood methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: tipping point; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4211</p>
KW  - alternative stable states
KW  - early warning signals
KW  - ECOLOGICAL assessment (Biology)
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - EUTROPHICATION
KW  - HAZARD signs
KW  - likelihood methods
KW  - NATURE & nurture
KW  - tipping point
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Where Was He During the Shooting? Cameras Prove Fickle in This Tale
AU  - Wilson, Michael
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A Brooklyn man, pulled out of bed and arrested in the shooting of a 12-year-old boy, insisted he was not involved.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JFPabQ_kE4I
DA  - 2014/10/03/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - Where Was He During the Shooting?
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/04/nyregion/where-was-he-during-the-shooting-two-cameras-tell-two-different-tales.html
Y2  - 2017/06/26/21:48:57
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Murders and Attempted Murders
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Brownsville (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Johnson, Esau (1992- )
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Black Lives Matter
AU  - Sentencing Project
DA  - 2015/02/04/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/documents/1585452-black-lives-matter?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20150204-106#.76sA1Pyu8
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - San Francisco Called a Model for Ending Mass Incarceration
AU  - Gascon, George
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - San Francisco has rapidly reduced its jail and prison populations with a series of “best practices” innovations that have built on California's well-publicized legislative reforms enacted since 2009, according to a research study released today. The study adds its success could serve as a model for the rest of the United States. In the study, [...]
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/DjR09dHGg4U
DA  - 2015/12/01/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/12/01/2015-12-san-francisco-called-a-model-for-ending-mass-incarce/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/12/01/2015-12-san-francisco-called-a-model-for-ending-mass-incarce/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/12/01/2015-12-san-francisco-called-a-model-for-ending-mass-incarce/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - EMOTIONALLY CHARGED: THE PROSECUTORIAL CHARGING DECISION AND THE INNOCENCE REVOLUTION
AU  - Medwed, Daniel S.
T2  - Cardozo Law Review
AB  - The article discusses the prosecutorial charging decision in light of the innocence revolution in the U.S. It explores the rules and practices surrounding prosecutorial charging decisions, pointing out some of the flaws in this regime that may accidentally lead to charging the innocent suspects with crimes. It suggests a series of modest reforms to the charging process designed to reduce the possibility that the innocent will face criminal charges at all. According to the author, once a criminal case is set in motion on trial, the chance of a wrongful conviction will increases.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 2187
EP  - 2213
SN  - 02705192
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=54612546&site=ehost-live
AN  - 54612546
N1  - <p>EMOTIONALLY CHARGED: THE PROSECUTORIAL CHARGING DECISION AND THE INNOCENCE REVOLUTION<br/>Medwed, Daniel S. 1; Affiliation: 1: Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p2187; Subject Term: PROSECUTION -- Decision making; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: LEGAL representation; Subject Term: DEFENSE (Criminal procedure); Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: INDICTMENTS; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>EMOTIONALLY CHARGED: THE PROSECUTORIAL CHARGING DECISION AND THE INNOCENCE REVOLUTION<br/>Medwed, Daniel S. 1; Affiliation: 1: Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p2187; Subject Term: PROSECUTION -- Decision making; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: LEGAL representation; Subject Term: DEFENSE (Criminal procedure); Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: INDICTMENTS; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - TRIALS (Law)
KW  - LEGAL representation
KW  - PROSECUTION -- Decision making
KW  - DEFENSE (Criminal procedure)
KW  - INDICTMENTS
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Justice Department Issues New Guidance On Securing Eyewitness IDs
A2  - Johnson, Carrie
T3  - The Two Way
AB  - The policy directs federal investigators to document or record an eyewitness's confidence in an identification at the moment of the ID and encourages the use of "blinded" photo arrays of suspects.
DA  - 2017/01/06/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/06/508540871/justice-department-issues-new-guidance-on-securing-eyewitness-ids
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:56:47
N1  - <p>Jon Gould</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Ask me again in 14 days my views on Balko's posts.  In the meantime, I would note that the Department of Justice today announced new procedures for eyewitness identification and that new guidance has been provided prosecutors for discovery involving forensic evidence and experts. </p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">Best, Jon</p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>
<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">P.S.  A news story on the eyewitness identification procedures, and the guidance itself, can be found here: <a id="m_-8013426764347800423LPlnk5337" class="m_-8013426764347800423OWAAutoLink" style="color: #1155cc;" href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/06/508540871/justice-department-issues-new-guidance-on-securing-eyewitness-ids" target="_blank">http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/06/508540871/justice-department-issues-new-guidance-on-securing-eyewitness-ids</a></p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Don’t Blame My ‘Broken Windows’ Theory For Poor Policing - POLITICO Magazine
AU  - Kelling, George
T2  - Politico
DA  - 2015/08/11/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/broken-windows-theory-poor-policing-ferguson-kelling-121268#.VcyIjngjHKA
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:44:14
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cultural consequences of miscarriages of justice
AU  - Cole, Simon A.
T2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
AB  - Social science scholarship has tended to focus more on the causes than the consequences of miscarriages of justice. Within the literature on consequences, the overwhelming emphasis has been on individual consequences: psychological and material impacts on the wrongly convicted individual and, in some cases, other indirectly impacted individuals such as family members of the wrongly convicted and victims of the true perpetrator's future crimes. Some attention has been devoted to social harms, the impact of miscarriages of justice on the broader society within which they are situated, such as the undermining of the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. This paper focuses on what are called here cultural consequences of miscarriages of justice: the way in which some high-profile miscarriages of justice can shape the public's beliefs about some of the most basic facts about crime, such as the nature, prevalence, or even existence of certain categories of crime and the types of individual who tend to perpetrate particular types of crime. In this way, the paper argues, miscarriages of justice may have hitherto underexplored consequences: reshaping, based on false premises, the public's belief about the very nature of crime itself. This paper discusses three cases studies of miscarriages of justice that for varying periods of time created widespread false beliefs about the nature of crime in large segments of the public. The paper concludes by noting that the righting of these false beliefs was in most cases fortuitous. This suggests that unexposed miscarriages of justice may still be shaping popular beliefs about the nature of crime, and aspects of the public's current conception of crime may yet be based on false premises. [Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.]
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1002/bsl.874
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 431
EP  - 449
SN  - 0735-3936, 0735-3936
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/57300573?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Cultural consequences of miscarriages of justice</p>
N1  - <p>Cultural consequences of miscarriages of justice</p>
KW  - crime
KW  - False beliefs
KW  - False premises
KW  - Miscarriage of justice
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Public opinion
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shots Fired! Switching Between Practices in Police Work
AU  - Schakel, Jan-Kees
AU  - van Fenema, Paul C.
AU  - Faraj, Samer
T2  - Organization Science
AB  - Fast-response organizations are under increased scrutiny as to their ability to mount a timely and coordinated response to unexpected events. Our inductive study focuses on a high profile murder that occurred in Amsterdam in 2011 where a large multidisciplinary police team faced major coordination challenges and was unsuccessful in switching from the practice of surveillance to that of apprehension when their target was suddenly gunned down. Our analysis suggests that challenges related to relational ambiguity, knowledge flows, communications technology, team composition, and field obstructions, hindered the switching between practices under conditions of surprise and fast response. The paper offers a theoretical framework toward a greater understanding of the persistent coordination challenges that arise when a sudden switch from one practice to another becomes necessary. Our study contributes toward a greater understanding of practice performance and the social and material challenges related to switching between practices.
DA  - 2016/03/01/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1287/orsc.2016.1048
DP  - pubsonline.informs.org (Atypon)
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 391
EP  - 410
J2  - Organization Science
SN  - 1047-7039
UR  - http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/orsc.2016.1048
Y2  - 2017/06/23/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A $25 Million Mistake That the City Won’t Admit
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The settlement with two wrongfully convicted men brings the total New York has paid since 2014 to $200 million, and yet it admits no wrongdoing.
DA  - 2017/06/13/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/nyregion/a-25-million-mistake-that-the-city-wont-admit.html
Y2  - 2017/06/14/15:09:46
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/13/nyregion/a-25-million-mistake-that-the-city-wont-admit.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Connor, Reginald
KW  - Negron, Jennifer
KW  - Wagstaffe, Everton
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - To Stop Bad Prosecutors, Call the Feds
AU  - The Editorial Board
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Prosecutorial misconduct remains rampant, but the Justice Department has an as-yet-unused tool to fight it.
DA  - 2016/06/06/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:05:50
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/06/opinion/to-stop-bad-prosecutors-call-the-feds.html?smprod=nytcore-iphone&smid=nytcore-iphone-share&_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=97C2FCC396EEC15C6892AF5502FF835D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - prosecutorial misconduct
KW  - Editorials
KW  - Ethics and Official Misconduct
KW  - Brown, David
KW  - Civil Rights and Liberties
KW  - Constitution (US)
KW  - Fourteenth Amendment (US Constitution)
KW  - Prosecutorial Misconduct
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving eyewitness identifications: Hennepin County's blind sequential lineup pilot project
AU  - Klobuchar, Amy
AU  - Steblay, Nancy K. Mehrkens
AU  - Caligiuri, Hilary Lindell
T2  - Cardozo Pub. L. Pol'y & Ethics J.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 4
SP  - 381
N1  - <p>Improving eyewitness identifications: Hennepin County's blind sequential lineup pilot project</p>
N1  - <p>Improving eyewitness identifications: Hennepin County's blind sequential lineup pilot project</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - An Alternative to the Madness of Proving Police Injustice
AU  - Newkirk, Vann
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - The Freddie Gray trials illustrate the inability of criminal prosecutions to halt police brutality.
DA  - 2016/06/29/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:12:01
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/06/restorative-justice-police-violence/489221/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Secret Goldman Sachs Tapes
AU  - Lewis, Michael
T2  - Bloomberg.com
AB  - The public doesn't seem to understand just how dysfunctional our financial regulatory system is, Michael Lewis writes. That may change today with a radio report from "This American Life."

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/xQ34_j3laGc
DA  - 2014/09/26/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.bloomberg.com
UR  - https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2014-09-26/the-secret-goldman-sachs-tapes
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:36:20
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - An examination of the impact of accountability and blame culture on police judgments and decisions in critical incident contexts
AU  - Waring, Sara
AB  - The following thesis examines the impact of accountability on police judgments and decisions within critical incident contexts. Previous accountability research has often failed to balance experimental control with naturalistic context, thereby preventing the development of an integrated socio-cognitive model. Despite the increase in police accountability over the last few decades (Punch, 2009), there has also been a lack of systematic focus on the influence this evaluation mechanism has on policing. Level of risk posed to public safety in critical incidents and the potential for police actions to increase as well as decrease this risk heightens the importance of identifying and understanding factors that influence police judgments and decisions (Ask & Granhag, 2005). Overall, the thesis seeks to both advance theoretic development and highlight practical implications for policing using a combination of experimental and naturalistic methods and theories from traditional, organisational and naturalistic decision paradigms. Research conducted therefore acknowledges the complexity of policing contexts whilst distinguishing the influence of accountability from other factors. In total, five data chapters are presented that comprise of both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data consists of transcripts from electronic focus groups, debriefs and questionnaires that are analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data consists of police responses to a vignette and a simulation. Findings indicate that accountability may influence police judgments and decisions by altering emotions, motivational goals and attention focus. The influence of this social mechanism may depend on police perceptions of the organisational culture driving the form accountability takes. This thesis will highlight that accountability is most likely to encourage optimal performance when police view the organisation to provide a supportive environment with legitimate and fair appraisal mechanisms. This is in contrast to an unfair, illegitimate environment driven by a culture of blame. Within a supportive environment, police are more likely to be motivated by accuracy than self-preservation. A supportive environment also encourages attention to remain focussed on providing judgments and decisions suitable for the situation rather than becoming distracted by anxiety over the potential to be blamed and punished.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - University of Liverpool
N1  - <p>An examination of the impact of accountability and blame culture on police judgments and decisions in critical incident contexts</p>
N1  - <p>An examination of the impact of accountability and blame culture on police judgments and decisions in critical incident contexts</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA Line-Ups Based on a Reasonable Suspicion Standard
AU  - Dodson, Angus J
T2  - U. Colo. L. Rev.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
VL  - 71
SP  - 221
J2  - U. Colo. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Outliers: The Story of Success
AU  - Gladwell, Malcolm
AB  - There is a story that is usually told about extremely successful people, a story that focuses on intelligence and ambition. Gladwell argues that the true story of success is very different, and that if we want to understand how some people thrive, we should spend more time looking around them-at such things as their family, their birthplace, or even their birth date. And in revealing that hidden logic, Gladwell presents a fascinating and provocative blueprint for making the most of human potential.In The Tipping Point Gladwell changed the way we understand the world. In Blink he changed the way we think about thinking. In OUTLIERS he transforms the way we understand success.
DA  - 2008/11/18/
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 264
LA  - en
PB  - Little, Brown
SN  - 978-0-316-04034-1
ST  - Outliers
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=3NSImqqnxnkC
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=3NSImqqnxnkC
KW  - Business & Economics / Motivational
KW  - Business & Economics / Personal Success
KW  - Psychology / Social Psychology
KW  - Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social
KW  - Social Science / Statistics
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - John Timoney Had the Gall to Change Minds, One Police Department at a Time
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Mr. Timoney, a police official in New York, Philadelphia and Miami who died this week, sought to remind officers that they weren’t hired “to be the toughest guy on the block.”
DA  - 2016/08/18/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:05:30
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/19/nyregion/john-timoney-had-the-gall-to-change-minds-one-police-department-at-a-time.html?action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=sectionfront
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Manhattan (NYC)
KW  - Miami (Fla)
KW  - Timoney, John F
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System: Building a Safer Health System
AU  - NIM, National Institute of Medicine
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
N1  - <p>To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System: Building a Safer Health System</p>
N1  - <p>To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System: Building a Safer Health System</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - TEAM POLICING - A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
AU  - Justice, National Institute of
AB  - ANNOTATED LISTING OF 64 REFERENCES, DATED 1968 TO 1976, ON THE THREE TRENDS IN TEAM POLICING: A MANAGEMENT MODEL, AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL FIELD DEPLOYMENT, AND A COMMUNITY-BASED OR NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION. THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY IS DIVIDED INTO THREE BASIC SECTIONS. PART I CONTAINS SELECTED REFERENCES TO LITERATURE THAT PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF TEAM POLICING PROGRAMS OR DISCUSS THE THEORY UNDERLYING TEAM POLICING APPROACHES. PART II LISTS LITERATURE THAT CONCERNS TACTICAL, NON-COMMUNITY BASED TEAM PROGRAMS, AND THE LITERATURE IN PART III IS CONCERNED WITH COMMUNITY-BASED OR NEIGHBORHOOD TEAM POLICING PROGRAMS. EACH PART IS ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR. THE 64 ANNOTATED ENTRIES WERE SCREENED FOR TIMELINESS, (ALL ARE DATED BETWEEN 1968 AND 1976) CONTENT, AND CLARITY AND SELECTED WITH REGARD TO AVAILABILITY, AND WITH AN EYE TOWARD PRESENTING A GOOD CROSS-SECTION OF LIKE AVAILABLE LITERATURE. AN INDEX IS INCLUDED. A LIST OF THE PUBLISHER'S NAMES AND ADDRESSES ALSO APPEARS IN THE APPENDIX.
DA  - 1976///
PY  - 1976
SP  - 100
EP  - 100
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9849741?accountid=26333https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/35887NCJRS.pdf
N1  - <p>TEAM POLICING - A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-02 Availability - Superintendent of Documents, GPO, Washington, DC 20402; National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849 Last updated - 2012-10-17 DOI - NCJR35887; 35887</p>
KW  - Team policing (02060)
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Reposting My Article in USA Today on Apology
AU  - Couper, David
T2  - Improving Police
AB  - “This week marks a stellar moment in our nation’s history and a great opportunity for healing. Police have the chance to prove themselves trustworthy. Communities have the chance to accept ap...
DA  - 2016/10/22/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://improvingpolice.wordpress.com/2016/10/22/repost-my-article-in-usa-today-on-apology/
Y2  - 2017/03/24/17:27:16
L2  - https://improvingpolice.wordpress.com/2016/10/22/repost-my-article-in-usa-today-on-apology/
L2  - https://improvingpolice.wordpress.com/2016/10/22/repost-my-article-in-usa-today-on-apology/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - After Va. man is exonerated, critics see a broken justice system - The Washington Post
AU  - Hsu, Spencer
DA  - 2015/05/14/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/after-first-taste-of-freedom-exonerated-va-man-urges-changes-in-state-law/2015/05/14/2f4acd0a-fa55-11e4-9ef4-1bb7ce3b3fb7_story.html?utm_term=.f9d417a57b2e
Y2  - 2017/06/23/19:03:37
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Are Prosecutors the Key to Justice Reform?
AU  - Lantigua-Williams, Juleyka
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - Given their autonomy—only if they want to be.
DA  - 2016/05/18/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/are-prosecutors-the-key-to-justice-reform/483252/?platform=hootsuite
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/are-prosecutors-the-key-to-justice-reform/483252/?platform=hootsuite
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/are-prosecutors-the-key-to-justice-reform/483252/?platform=hootsuite
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Middlesex DA’s office shows troubling attitude about evidence - The Boston Globe
AU  - Abraham, Yvonne Abraham Globe Columnist October
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Middlesex County prosecutors had information that could have helped Aisling Brady McCarthy, the nanny accused of killing the one-year-old she was caring for. But instead of sharing it, as they legally must, they kept it to themselves for more than a year while she remained in jail.
DA  - 2015/10/17/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/17/abraham/dqBNlxrC78t6X3f44QfYIN/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/19:00:07
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/17/abraham/dqBNlxrC78t6X3f44QfYIN/story.html
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/17/abraham/dqBNlxrC78t6X3f44QfYIN/story.html
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/17/abraham/dqBNlxrC78t6X3f44QfYIN/story.html
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/10/17/abraham/dqBNlxrC78t6X3f44QfYIN/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Judge Kozinski on reforms that can help prevent prosecutorial misconduct
AU  - Volokh, Eugene
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - More on the problems with our criminal justice system, from one of America's most prominent conservative federal appellate judges.
DA  - 2015/07/17/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/07/17/judge-kozinski-on-reforms-that-can-help-prevent-prosecutorial-misconduct/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:33:12
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/07/17/judge-kozinski-on-reforms-that-can-help-prevent-prosecutorial-misconduct/?utm_term=.606c8ed356b8
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/07/17/judge-kozinski-on-reforms-that-can-help-prevent-prosecutorial-misconduct/?utm_term=.606c8ed356b8
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PREVENTING THE CONVICTION OF INNOCENT PERSONS—A CONFERENCE REPORT
AU  - Society, American Judicature
T2  - PREVENTING THE CONVICTION OF INNOCENT PERSONS
AB  - A unique and significant Conference on Preventing the Conviction of Innocent Persons was held in Alexandria, Virginia on January 17-19, 2003. Convened by the American Judicature Society (AJS) and sponsored by the Open Society Institute, the Conference brought together teams from eleven states to discuss the causes of and efforts to avoid wrongful convictions. Present were teams representing: Arizona; San Diego County, California; Colorado; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; North Carolina; Oregon; Texas; King County, Washington; and Wisconsin. The Conference was structured to facilitate the development of action plans by each of the teams to address the unique issues of wrongful conviction in each jurisdiction. Diverse teams were selected within each state to facilitate this goal, with representation from the judiciary, law enforcement, prosecution, defense attorneys, victim services providers, and legislative members. An equally diverse group of fifteen national organizations interested in criminal law matters (whose names appear on the cover page of this Report) also participated.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://www.ajs.org/wc/pdfs/2003_conference_report.pdf
N1  - <p>NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PREVENTING THE CONVICTION OF INNOCENT PERSONS—A CONFERENCE REPORT</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Crime Fiction
AU  - Schmidle, Nicholas
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - Did the Chicago police coerce witnesses into pinpointing the wrong man for homicide—allowing a serial killer to commit more murders? Nicholas Schmidle tells the tragic story of Tyrone Hood.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/SIMcM3mGHyM
DA  - 2014/08/04/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/08/04/crime-fiction
Y2  - 2017/07/03/18:26:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Diverse perspectives on the Groupthink theoryâ€“a literary review
AU  - Rose, James D.
T2  - Emerging Leadership Journeys
AB  - http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/elj/vol4iss1/Rose_V4I1_pp37-57.pdf This article provides a summary of research relate d to the groupthink theory. The review includes case studies, experimental studies, literature reviews, example applications, and proposed modifications to the groupthink theory. Groupthink has been applied to a broad spectrum of group settings and is seen as a major factor in many poor decisions. Despite close to 40 years of the existence of the groupthink theory, experimental studies are limited with only a few of the model‘s 24 variables adequately tested. Testinglimitations,and their mixed experimental results lead to a wide diversity of perspectives regarding the model. Some conclude groupthink is no better than a myth, while others believe it is a brilliant construct. One recommendation is to address the ambiguity of the model implementing previously proposed modifications (ide ntified in this article) would achieve this objective. A further recommendation is to increase focus on testing groupthink prevention steps
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SP  - 37
EP  - 57
N1  - <p>Diverse perspectives on the Groupthink theoryâ€“a literary review</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - If you cheat to escape a corrupt accountability system, who is really to blame?
AU  - Strauss, Valerie
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Eleven teachers were convicted of racketeering for cheating on standardized tests after their superintendent, now-deceased Beverly Hall, put pressure on schools to raise scores. 'What the trial did not explore was whether Dr. Hall herself was reacting to a culture of fear, intimidation, and retaliation that her board, state education officials, and the Bush and Obama administrations had created... What is most puzzling is that top policymakers, from the president and secretary of education on down, continue to believe that schools can be improved by holding educators accountable for achieving quantifiable progress towards overly simplified and sometimes absurd goals.'
DA  - 2015/04/05/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/04/05/if-you-cheat-to-escape-a-corrupt-accountability-system-who-is-really-to-blame/
Y2  - 2017/06/09/21:02:18
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/04/05/if-you-cheat-to-escape-a-corrupt-accountability-system-who-is-really-to-blame/?utm_term=.b877ea380fe9
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/04/05/if-you-cheat-to-escape-a-corrupt-accountability-system-who-is-really-to-blame/?utm_term=.b877ea380fe9
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - FBI admits flaws in hair analysis over decades
AU  - Hsu, Spencer
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Forensic hair matches were overstated in many cases heard before 2000, including those of 32 defendants sentenced to death, the FBI and the Justice Department acknowledged after a review.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/wcyd5REUs8E
DA  - 2015/04/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/fbi-overstated-forensic-hair-matches-in-nearly-all-criminal-trials-for-decades/2015/04/18/39c8d8c6-e515-11e4-b510-962fcfabc310_story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/09/14:07:22
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/fbi-overstated-forensic-hair-matches-in-nearly-all-criminal-trials-for-decades/2015/04/18/39c8d8c6-e515-11e4-b510-962fcfabc310_story.html?utm_term=.8981a5ae2936
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/fbi-overstated-forensic-hair-matches-in-nearly-all-criminal-trials-for-decades/2015/04/18/39c8d8c6-e515-11e4-b510-962fcfabc310_story.html?utm_term=.8981a5ae2936
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Philadelphia Women's Death Review Team: An Interdisciplinary Team to Reduce the Number of Violence-Related Deaths of Philadelphia Women
AU  - Health, Philadelphia Department of Public
AB  - http://www.phila.gov/health/pdfs/2004_2006_PWDRT_final.pdf
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
N1  - <p>Philadelphia Women's Death Review Team: An Interdisciplinary Team to Reduce the Number of Violence-Related Deaths of Philadelphia Women.</p>
N1  - <p>Philadelphia Women's Death Review Team: An Interdisciplinary Team to Reduce the Number of Violence-Related Deaths of Philadelphia Women.</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Report on the Prevention of Miscarriages of Justice
AU  - Federal, Provincial and Territorial Ministers Responsible for Justice
AB  - http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/dept-min/pub/pmj-pej/pmj-pej.pdf
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
N1  - <p>Report on the Prevention of Miscarriages of Justice</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Judge's review finds multiple errors in Hartless case
AU  - reporterbethany
T2  - The Newark Advocate
AB  - A review of the handling of Thomas Hartless' multiple criminal domestic violence cases and early release determined multiple errors were made.
DA  - 2017/05/18/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.newarkadvocate.com/story/news/crime/2017/05/18/judges-review-finds-multiple-errors-hartless-case/330554001/
Y2  - 2017/05/22/
L2  - http://www.newarkadvocate.com/story/news/crime/2017/05/18/judges-review-finds-multiple-errors-hartless-case/330554001/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Criminal Injustice: The Best Reporting on Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Thompson, Theodoric Meyer and Christie
AB  - http://www.propublica.org/article/criminal-injustice-the-best-reporting-on-wrongful-convictions Note by Doyle: At least two interesting sidelights on any Sentinel Events approach here. On the one hand, seeing their names (or their colleagues' names) in the media is an inhibiting factor for many criminal justice stakeholders. On another, the methods of investigative journalism---beneath the surface air of "gotcha" and hero/villain dichotomies----might teach something about investigating the narrative of how an adverse event unfolds in criminal justice.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
PB  - ProPublica
N1  - <p>Criminal Injustice: The Best Reporting on Wrongful Convictions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Risk Management in Policing: The Value of Prevention
AU  - Ceyssens, Paul
T2  - Canadian Police Chief Magazine, pp. 16 - 18, October 2003
AB  - This article addresses the importance of risk management in the policing industry. Risk management is an important tool for police departments because many of the difficulties that may be encountered in the workplace are preventable. The article lists seven goals of risk management that include improving service delivery, avoiding financial costs arising from disputes, and avoiding negative effects on the organization that may arise from a dispute. In order to meet the seven goals of risk management, the article outlines three steps: assess trends, assess risk arising from trends, and reduce the risk. The remainder of the article outlines how these three steps may be accomplished. Assessing trends involves an examination of recent court law and administrative tribunals regarding police activity. Trend assessment also involves an analysis of what courts and tribunals are likely to do in the next few years regarding the regulation of police activities. Assessing the risk arising from trends involves an analysis of how trends have increased police agency legal risk. The reduction of risk involves the development and implementation of mechanisms designed to manage risk. The article provides an example of how to apply the risk management analysis by taking the reader through each of the three steps. Recent cases in civil law are briefly reviewed followed by projection of where case law concerning civil liability may go in the future. The steps that should be taken by police agencies to reduce risk are outlined and include refining procedures governing recruitment, thorough training in the law, and gaining specialized legal advice when necessary. The author cautions that as the law becomes more diligent about examining police activities, police agencies need to become more diligent about limiting their risk liability.
CY  - United States
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 3-3
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9702075?accountid=26333http://www.naylor.com
N1  - <p>Risk Management in Policing: The Value of Prevention<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR203286; 203286</p>
N1  - <p>Risk Management in Policing: The Value of Prevention<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR203286; 203286</p>
KW  - Civil liability (04434)
KW  - Legal liability (04917)
KW  - *Risk management (09228)
KW  - Canada (90090)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Reaching Across the Thin Blue Line
AU  - Palmer, Jim,
AU  - Bell, Michael
T2  - POLITICO Magazine
AB  - How the head of a police union and the father of a son killed by a police officer found common cause.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6e4lPXtvm84
DA  - 2016/08/09/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://politi.co/2bcLUHr
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:37:15
L2  - http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/police-reform-community-relationships-214154
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Contemporary Topics in Health Care: Root Cause Analysis
AU  - Sherwin, Jane
T2  - PT in Motion
AB  - The article offers information regarding root cause analysis by physical therapists. It mentions that root cause analysis was a way to improve efficiency and production quality which was originated with automobile manufacturing and was used in health care settings to determine the cause of harmful errors. It states that a technique called "Asky 'why' five times" was important tool for root cause analysis. INSETS: What Root Cause Analysis Is Not;Root Cause Analysis Terminology.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 26
EP  - 31
SN  - 19493711
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=60622750&site=ehost-live
AN  - 60622750
DB  - a9h
N1  - <p>Sherwin, Jane; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p26; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: MEDICAL errors; Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: PHYSICAL therapy; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: SENTINEL health events; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Sherwin, Jane; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p26; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: MEDICAL errors; Subject Term: PATIENTS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: PHYSICAL therapy; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: SENTINEL health events; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PATIENTS -- Safety measures
KW  - SENTINEL health events
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - PHYSICAL therapy
KW  - QUALITY assurance
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - System failure
AU  - Luna, Erik
T2  - Am. Crim. L. Rev.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 42
SP  - 1201
N1  - <p>System failure</p>
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - How psychology can help make a fairer criminal justice system
AU  - Moss-Coehn, Mary
T2  - Radio Times
AB  - Guest: Adam Benforado We all have biases, some more conscious than others. But when police, prosecutors, jurors and judges bring their biases to work, the result is a criminal justice system that can be unfair and inequitable. So ...
DA  - 2015/06/22/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://whyy.org/episodes/how-psychology-can-make-a-fairer-criminal-justice-system-2/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
L2  - http://whyy.org/cms/radiotimes/2015/06/22/how-psychology-can-make-a-fairer-criminal-justice-system/
L2  - http://whyy.org/cms/radiotimes/2015/06/22/how-psychology-can-make-a-fairer-criminal-justice-system/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reducing the disruptive effects of interruption: A cognitive framework for analysing the costs and benefits of intervention strategies
AU  - Boehm-Davis, D. A.
AU  - Remington, R.
T2  - Accident Analysis and Prevention
AB  - Note by Karen Amendola: Yes, some good work from general aviation as well; work by D. Boehm-Davis and colleagues at GMU on hazardous thought patterns, near misses, etc. Many more near miss type records in general aviation than commercial.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 41,1124–1129..
N1  - <p>Reducing the disruptive effects of interruption: A cognitive framework for analysing the costs and benefits of intervention strategies.</p>
N1  - <p>Reducing the disruptive effects of interruption: A cognitive framework for analysing the costs and benefits of intervention strategies.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Prosecutorial Oversight: A National Dialogue in the Wake of Connick v. Thompson
AU  - Innocence Project
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/jXmwVPIBzLI
DA  - 2016/03//
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/IP-Prosecutorial-Oversight-Report_09.pdf
Y2  - 2017/04/28/18:10:53
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Elephants in the Station House: Serial Crimes, Wrongful Convictions, and Expanding Wrongful Conviction Analysis to Include Police Investigation
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Larson, Matthew
AB  - In this article we advocate that the study of miscarriages of justice be expanded to view the entirety of police crime investigation as a source of wrongful con
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/01/13/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2716155
ST  - Elephants in the Station House
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2716155
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2716155
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Miscarriage of justice
KW  - actual innocence
KW  - legal causation
KW  - serial crime
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Insanity of Finding Fault Versus Fixing Cause
AU  - Alliance, Liberty
T2  - The Constitution
AB  - The Insanity of Finding Fault Versus Fixing Cause: How three tragedies shine light on solutions in the officer-involved shooting crisis...
DA  - 2016/11/20/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
Y2  - 2017/03/24/17:11:25
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
L2  - http://constitution.com/insanity-finding-fault-versus-fixing-cause/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Framing DNA: Social Movement Theory and the Foundations of the Innocence Movement
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - The “innocence movement” has often been mentioned, but rarely explored in depth. In particular, scholars have yet to study the beginning of the movement thoroughly. This article explores the early history of the innocence movement, referred to as the “foundations” of the movement, suggesting that the common focus solely on DNA as the source of the movement is an overly narrow historical focus. Based on archival research and interviews with key movement participants, this article draws on social movement theory to better understand the roots of the innocence movement, including its organizational foundation, early leadership, and the identification of the “problem” of wrongful conviction as a cause worthy of collective action. These three developments re-framed DNA as a tool to seek justice through post-conviction exonerations, thus creating the foundation on which the innocence movement was built.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673014
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 26
EP  - 42
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
ST  - Framing DNA
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673014
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673014
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA and Daubert
AU  - Scheck, Barry C
T2  - Cardozo L. Rev.
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
VL  - 15
SP  - 1959
J2  - Cardozo L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Annie Dookhan pursued renown along a path of lies
AU  - Jacobs, Sally
AB  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/02/03/chasing-renown-path-paved-with-lies/Axw3AxwmD33lRwXatSvMCL/story.html Note Doyle "This Boston Globe article, although cast as a traditional examination of the career of a "bad apple" practitioner, actually raises Sydney Dekker's point that the problem is not people, or systems but people in systems."
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Annie Dookhan pursued renown along a path of lies</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘Suicide by Cop’: The Questions That Don’t Get Asked
AU  - Palmer, Jim
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - When a mentally ill individual dies in a police shooting,  commentators focus on the officer who pulled the trigger. It also makes sense to ask why no one detected the individual's problems in the first place.
DA  - 2017/02/17/
PY  - 2017
ST  - ‘Suicide by Cop’
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/
Y2  - 2017/02/13/19:52:37
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/#
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/02/13/suicide-by-cop-the-questions-that-never-get-asked/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical communication and patient safety
AU  - Scalise, Dagmara
T2  - Hospitals & Health Networks / AHA
AB  - JCAHO says communication problems were the leading root cause of sentinel events in 2005. The reasons are manifold: a harried environment, a hierarchical staffing system and illegible handwriting, to name a few. This gatefold examines the scope of the problem, including data and risk factors, and offers some strategies for improvement.;
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 80
IS  - 8
SP  - 49
SN  - 1068-8838
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=16964898&site=ehost-live
AN  - 16964898
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20060801. Current Imprints: Publication: 1999- : Chicago, IL : Health Forum Inc.; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, IL : American Hospital Pub., c1993-</p>
N1  - <p>IM; Date of Electronic Publication: 20060801. Current Imprints: Publication: 1999- : Chicago, IL : Health Forum Inc.; Original Imprints: Publication: Chicago, IL : American Hospital Pub., c1993-</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Male
KW  - Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations*
KW  - Communication*
KW  - Cultural Diversity
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - Patient Education as Topic
KW  - Patient Transfer
KW  - Personality
KW  - Physician-Nurse Relations*
KW  - Professional-Patient Relations*
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When Patients and Suspects Just Don’t Fit
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - That is an essential start, but as people involved in improving medical care have learned, finding someone to blame for a mistake doesn’t fix deeper problems, said James M. Doyle, a lawyer and visiting fellow with the National Institute of Justice who is studying mistakes in the criminal justice system. “Even when you’ve got a bad actor who made horrific choices, why did they make these choices at the time?” Mr. Doyle asked. “Somehow or other, it seemed like a good decision at the time.” Wrongful convictions fall into the category of “organizational accidents,” he said, a term that is not meant to absolve individuals but to place the problems in a more revealing context. Putting the wrong person in prison almost always requires more than a single overzealous detective, a mistaken eyewitness, or a suspect pushed into making false confessions. Prosecutors and defense lawyers do not challenge rogue police officers; judges overseeing the cases turn away from error, and then appellate courts ratify mistakes.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/12/nyregion/when-patients-and-suspects-just-dont-fit.html?ref=nyregion&_r=0
N1  - <p>Date<br/>When Patients and Suspects Just Don’t Fit</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>When Patients and Suspects Just Don’t Fit</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Program that flags Chicago cops at risk of misconduct misses most officers
AU  - Newman, Jonah
T2  - Chicago Reporter
AB  - The Chicago Police Department’s early intervention program failed to effectively intervene with the officer at the center of the Laquan McDonald shooting.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/i6QQaJhiqqQ
DA  - 2015/12/18/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://chicagoreporter.com/program-that-flags-chicago-cops-at-risk-of-misconduct-misses-most-officers/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:07:08
L2  - http://chicagoreporter.com/program-that-flags-chicago-cops-at-risk-of-misconduct-misses-most-officers/
L2  - http://chicagoreporter.com/program-that-flags-chicago-cops-at-risk-of-misconduct-misses-most-officers/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patient safety: Part II. Opportunities for improvement in patient safety
AU  - Elston, Dirk M.
AU  - Stratman, Erik
AU  - Johnson-Jahangir, Hillary
AU  - Watson, Alice
AU  - Swiggum, Susan
AU  - Hanke, C. William
T2  - Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology
AB  - Unlabelled: The quality movement in medicine has prompted a shift from a "name, shame, blame" approach to medical errors to one in which each error is regarded as an opportunity to prevent future patient harm. This new culture of patient safety requires the involvement of all members of the health care team and learned skill sets related to quality improvement. A root cause analysis identifies the sources of medical errors, allowing system changes that reduce the risk. In large organizations, sentinel events and signals prompt chart reviews and reduce the reliance on voluntary reporting. Failure mode analysis prompts the development of safety nets in the case of a system failure. The second part of this two-part series on patient safety examines how the culture of patient safety is taught, how medical errors and threats to patient safety can be identified, and how engineering tools can be used to improve patient care. It also examines efforts to measure clinical effectiveness and outcomes in the practice of medicine.; Learning Objectives: After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to improve patient safety through an understanding of both the beneficial and adverse consequences of quality reporting, apply safety engineering tools to the practice of dermatology, and be able to establish a quality improvement plan for a dermatologic practice.;
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.055
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 193
EP  - 205
SN  - 1097-6787
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=19615536&site=ehost-live
AN  - 19615536
DB  - mdc
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20090801. ; Original Imprints: Publication: St. Louis, Mo., Mosby</p>
N1  - <p>Date of Electronic Publication: 20090801. ; Original Imprints: Publication: St. Louis, Mo., Mosby</p>
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Male
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Office Visits
KW  - Practice Guidelines as Topic
KW  - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards
KW  - Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends
KW  - Quality Assurance, Health Care*
KW  - Risk Management/standards
KW  - Risk Management/trends
KW  - Safety Management/trends
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Safety and Justice Challenge
AU  - MacArthur Foundation
T2  - Safety and Justice Challenge
AB  - The Safety + Justice Challenge is an initiative by the MacArthur Foundation to reduce over-incarceration by changing the way America thinks about & uses jails.
For years, criminal justice systems have been described as being broken into silos—an analogy that reflects how insular each part of the criminal justice system has become, which has resulted in heightened attention on the intake and output of people and less  attention paid to the fundamental principles of the justice system. This report is the result of an exploratory case study approach that used in-depth interviews, as well as quantitative and qualitative data, from eight county-based criminal justice systems that have been cited over the years as being “highly effective.” The goal of this study was to create a framework for change that focuses on improving criminal justice system processes and outcomes by identifying the factors that create local systems that make improving the administration of justice a priority.
UR  - http://www.safetyandjusticechallenge.org/resource/from-silo-to-system-what-makes-a-criminal-justice-system-operate-like-a-system/
Y2  - 2017/05/08/
L2  - http://www.safetyandjusticechallenge.org/resource/from-silo-to-system-what-makes-a-criminal-justice-system-operate-like-a-system/
KW  - big data
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Five Black Teenagers, Innocent, Face a Lifetime of Guilt
AU  - Silberman, Debora
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The Brownsville Five case shows how prosecutors can legally withhold evidence and help destroy reputations.
DA  - 2016/03/04/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/opinion/five-black-teenagers-innocent-face-a-lifetime-of-guilt.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:25:17
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/opinion/five-black-teenagers-innocent-face-a-lifetime-of-guilt.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/04/opinion/five-black-teenagers-innocent-face-a-lifetime-of-guilt.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region
KW  - Blacks
KW  - New York State
KW  - Sex Crimes
KW  - Brownsville (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Teenagers and Adolescence
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - David Stoliar, Survivor of World War II Disaster, Dies at 91
AU  - Mcfadden, Robert D.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Mr. Stoliar was the only survivor among nearly 800 Jews fleeing Romania’s Holocaust aboard a ship that was barred from Palestine, interned by Turkey, set adrift and torpedoed by a Soviet submarine.
DA  - 2016/01/23/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/world/middleeast/david-stoliar-survivor-of-world-war-ii-disaster-dies-at-91.html
Y2  - 2017/05/12/17:10:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/world/middleeast/david-stoliar-survivor-of-world-war-ii-disaster-dies-at-91.html?ribbon-ad-idx=19&rref=homepage&module=Ribbon&version=origin%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Home%20Page&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=579A457BB080D66B4DB845FFAEBBB4C7&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/world/middleeast/david-stoliar-survivor-of-world-war-ii-disaster-dies-at-91.html?ribbon-ad-idx=19&rref=homepage&module=Ribbon&version=origin%C2%AEion=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Home%20Page&pgtype=article&mtrref=undefined&gwh=579A457BB080D66B4DB845FFAEBBB4C7&gwt=pay
KW  - Deaths (Obituaries)
KW  - Holocaust and the Nazi Era
KW  - Maritime Accidents and Safety
KW  - Refugees and Displaced Persons
KW  - Stoliar, David
KW  - Stoliar, David (1922-2014)
KW  - Struma
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Wise Moves After an Officer Dies
AU  - The Editorial Board
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The shooting in East Harlem underscores the agonizing judgment calls the criminal justice system has to make.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Ou6tpLcZy68
DA  - 2015/10/23/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/24/opinion/wise-moves-after-an-officer-dies.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/18:44:25
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/24/opinion/wise-moves-after-an-officer-dies.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=418375671BEF07FBD29692795BB3DAE5&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/24/opinion/wise-moves-after-an-officer-dies.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-left-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-left-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-left-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=418375671BEF07FBD29692795BB3DAE5&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Editorials
KW  - Bail
KW  - New York State
KW  - Attacks on Police
KW  - Holder, Randolph (1982-2015)
KW  - Howard, Tyrone (October 20  2015 Murder)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Police Use-of-Force Stats Reveal Roadblocks to Reform
AU  - Prupis, Nadia
T2  - Mint Press
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/rwjqknmy9tQ
DA  - 2015/08/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.mintpressnews.com/police-use-of-force-stats-reveal-roadblocks-to-reform/208644/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/17:55:33
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Chicago Pays Millions but Punishes Few in Killings by Police
AU  - Davey, Monica
AU  - Williams, Timothy
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The city spent more than $500 million settling police cases since 2004, but a vast majority of complaints against the police still do not result in discipline.
DA  - 2015/12/17/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html
Y2  - 2017/03/27/14:57:13
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/chicago-pays-millions-but-punishes-few-in-police-killings.html?src=un&feedurl=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic01.nyt.com%2Fpages%2Fnational%2Findex.jsonp&_r=0
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Chicago (Ill)
KW  - Police Department (Chicago, Ill)
KW  - Video Recordings, Downloads and Streaming
KW  - Emanuel, Rahm
KW  - McDonald, Laquan (d 2014)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Breathalyzer results in question amid review Tests for drunk driving in question - The Boston Globe
AU  - Allen, Even
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Prosecutors in Middlesex and Essex counties have suspended use of breathalyzer test results in drunk-driving cases until State Police complete a review of test-procedure reliability, authorities said Wednesday.
DA  - 2015/04/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/23/breathalyzer-results-question-amid-review-tests-for-drunk-driving-question/meb8o3NgM4sAdeS9mRFkdO/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/09/13:53:05
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/23/breathalyzer-results-question-amid-review-tests-for-drunk-driving-question/meb8o3NgM4sAdeS9mRFkdO/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/23/breathalyzer-results-question-amid-review-tests-for-drunk-driving-question/meb8o3NgM4sAdeS9mRFkdO/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/23/breathalyzer-results-question-amid-review-tests-for-drunk-driving-question/meb8o3NgM4sAdeS9mRFkdO/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/23/breathalyzer-results-question-amid-review-tests-for-drunk-driving-question/meb8o3NgM4sAdeS9mRFkdO/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Policing Criminal Justice Data
AU  - Logan, Wayne A.
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AB  - This article addresses a matter of fundamental importance to the criminal justice system: the presence of erroneous information in government databases and the
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/04/02/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2761069
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2761069
Y2  - 2017/05/02/14:57:57
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2761069
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2761069
KW  - big data
KW  - data
KW  - false arest
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - 263 Overturned Murder Convictions—Just 16 New Suspects Charged
AU  - Winston, Hella
T2  - The Daily Beast
AB  - On the rare occasions that the real killer is then found, it’s usually thanks to the work of the wrongfully convicted person.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/VP6z4y9grb4
DA  - 2017/01/30/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.thedailybeast.com/263-vacated-murder-convictionsjust-16-new-suspects-charged
Y2  - 2017/07/03/17:36:58
L2  - http://www.thedailybeast.com/263-vacated-murder-convictionsjust-16-new-suspects-charged
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Human Factors in Aviation
AU  - Salas, Eduardo
AU  - Jentsch, Florian
AU  - Maurino, Dan
AB  - This edited textbook is a fully updated and expanded version of the highly successful first edition of Human Factors in Aviation. Written for the widespread aviation community - students, engineers, scientists, pilots, managers, government personnel, etc., HFA offers a comprehensive overview of the topic, taking readers from the general to the specific, first covering broad issues, then the more specific topics of pilot performance, human factors in aircraft design, and vehicles and systems. The new editors offer essential breath of experience on aviation human factors from multiple perspectives (i.e. scientific research, regulation, funding agencies, technology, and implementation) as well as knowledge about the science. The contributors are experts in their fields. Topics carried over from the first edition are fully updated, several by new authors who are now at the fore of the field. New material - which represents 50% of the volume - focuses on the challenges facing aviation specialists today. One of the most significant developments in this decade has been NextGen, the Federal Aviation Administration's plan to modernize national airspace and to address the impact of air traffic growth by increasing airspace capacity and efficiency while simultaneously improving safety, environmental impacts and user access. NextGen issues are covered in full. Other new topics include: High Reliability Organizational Perspective, Situation Awareness & Workload in Aviation, Human Error Analysis, Human-System Risk Management, LOSA, NOSS and Unmanned Aircraft System.Comprehensive text with up-to-date synthesis of primary source material that does not need to be supplementedNew edition thoroughly updated with 50% new material and full coverage of NexGen and other modern issuesInstructor website with test bank and image collection makes this the only text offering ancillary supportLiberal use of case examples exposes readers to real-world examples of dangers and solutions
DA  - 2010/01/30/
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 747
LA  - en
PB  - Academic Press
SN  - 978-0-08-092302-4
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=ohjZXuvVTc0C
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=ohjZXuvVTc0C
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - Accidents, Aviation*
KW  - Psychology / Applied Psychology
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Appeals court overturns convictions of Arizona woman sentenced to die for killing young son
AU  - Rome, Appeals court overturns convictions of Arizona woman sentenced to die for killing young son-Rome News-Tribune:
T2  - Northwest Georgia News
AB  - PHOENIX (AP) — A federal appeals court on Thursday threw out the convictions of a woman sentenced to death in the notorious 1989 killing of her 4-year-old son, ruling that the case was tainted by a detective with a history of lying under oath.
DA  - 2013/03/15/
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:06:51
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
L2  - http://www.northwestgeorgianews.com/rome/appeals-court-overturns-convictions-of-arizona-woman-sentenced-to-die/article_351f5e68-44ea-55f2-a404-e55ec9a53ad7.html?mode=image&photo=0
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Law Made Us Do It: 46 Times
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The media have agreed that we face a catastrophic crisis in mass incarceration, andwe are being treated to a swelling chorus of ex-presidents, retired judges and remorseful prosecution agencies all agreeing that we have a disaster on our hands. Despite its diversity, the ensemble harmonizes flawlessly on the poignant motif: “The Law Made Us Do [...]
DA  - 2015/07/15/
PY  - 2015
ST  - The Law Made Us Do It
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/29/2015-07-the-law-made-us-do-it-46-times/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:11:50
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/29/2015-07-the-law-made-us-do-it-46-times/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/07/29/2015-07-the-law-made-us-do-it-46-times/
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Innocence Commission: An Independent Review Board for Wrongful Convictions, The
AU  - Horan, D.
T2  - N. Ill. UL Rev.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
VL  - 20
SP  - 91
N1  - <p>Innocence Commission: An Independent Review Board for Wrongful Convictions, The</p>
N1  - <p>Innocence Commission: An Independent Review Board for Wrongful Convictions, The</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Instructions as a safeguard against prosecutorial misconduct in capital sentencing
AU  - Platania, Judith
AU  - Small, Rachel
T2  - Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice
AB  - Prosecutorial misconduct in the form of improper closing argument has been identified as a leading cause of unfairness in capital trials. The U.S. Supreme Court has indicated that arguments with the potential to unduly influence the jury should be clarified by a specific judicial instruction. The present study investigated the effectiveness of varying instructions on sentence recommendations and perceptions of improper prosecutor argument. Results indicated that the inclusion of a specific, cautionary instruction led to significantly less death penalty recommendations compared to a brief, general instruction. In addition, instructions minimized the importance of the misconduct statements on participants' sentence recommendations. Findings provide support for the validity of judicial instructions as a legal safeguard against prosecutorial misconduct in capital sentencing. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SN  - 1550-3550, 1550-3550
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/862598481?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Instructions as a safeguard against prosecutorial misconduct in capital sentencing</p>
N1  - <p>Instructions as a safeguard against prosecutorial misconduct in capital sentencing</p>
KW  - sociology of crime
KW  - *Sentencing
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *United States Supreme Court
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - How Governments Pay: Lawsuits, Budgets, and Police Reform
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
AB  - For decades, scholars have debated the extent to which financial sanctions cause government officials to improve their conduct. Yet little attention has been pa
DA  - 2015/07/24/
PY  - 2015
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
ST  - How Governments Pay
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2635673
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:49:16
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2635673
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2635673
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2635673
L4  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2635673
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - liability
KW  - civil rights litigation
KW  - deterrence
KW  - litigation costs
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - 6 Ways Good Data Could Prevent Tragedies Like Freddie Gray’s Death
AU  - Komaki, Judi
T2  - The Nation
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/QenHyusYuZI
DA  - 2016/05/23/
PY  - 2016
DP  - The Nation
SN  - 0027-8378
UR  - https://www.thenation.com/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:09:20
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
L2  - https://www.thenation.com/print/article/six-ways-good-data-could-prevent-tragedies-like-freddie-grays-death/
KW  - big data
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - F.B.I. Director Speaks Out on Race and Police Bias - The New York Times
AU  - Schmidt, Michael S.
DA  - 2015/02/12/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/us/politics/fbi-director-comey-speaks-frankly-about-police-view-of-blacks.html?hpw&rref=politics&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region®ion=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The culture of conviction
AU  - Balko, Radley
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - The Washington Post
AB  - It isn't just that misbheaving prosecutors go unpunished, it's that they're often promoted
DA  - 2016/04/18/
PY  - 2016
DP  - washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2016/04/18/the-culture-of-conviction/?utm_term=.a31e396838f1
Y2  - 2017/04/28/
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2016/04/18/the-culture-of-conviction/?utm_term=.a31e396838f1
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2016/04/18/the-culture-of-conviction/?utm_term=.a31e396838f1
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Out of the Crisis
AU  - Deming, W. Edwards
AB  - Note by Thom Feucht: I rediscovered Deming recently while working on another project. His thinking provides some provocative cross-cuts to the ideas we're discussing here (Lucien Leape also references Deming's work in his "Errors in Medicine" paper). The summary of Deming's principles to transform business efectiveness excerpt comes from the W'pedia page on Deming. I highlighted a few elements that I found particularly compelling.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
N1  - <p>Out of the Crisis</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Frequency and predictors of false conviction: Why we know so little, and new data on capital cases
AU  - Gross, Samuel R
AU  - O'Brien, Barbara
T2  - Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SP  - 927
EP  - 962
J2  - Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
SN  - 1740-1461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - When Justice Fails: A Preliminary Examination of Serious Criminal Cases in Australia
AU  - Wilson, P. R.
T2  - Australian Journal of Social Issues
AB  - A preliminary survey shows that the number of wrongful convictions in Australia for murder and other serious offenses may be considerable. References are made to the key elements in the criminal justice system that are important in these cases. These elements include police behavior, expert evidence, witness evidence, media response, and the trial process. Suggestions for reducing alleged problems are proposed, and the policy implications of the key elements are discussed. 2 tables, 37 references.
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 22
N1  - <p>When Justice Fails: A Preliminary Examination of Serious Criminal Cases in Australia</p>
N1  - <p>When Justice Fails: A Preliminary Examination of Serious Criminal Cases in Australia</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy
AU  - NAS, National Academies of Science
AB  - Find links between the report's framework for how research should influence policy and Doyle's call for integrating "safety" measures into cirminal justice practice that reduce error.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational justice and police misconduct
AU  - Wolfe, Scott E.
AU  - Piquero, Alex R.
T2  - Criminal justice and behavior
AB  - Although police misconduct has interested policing scholars for many years, extant research has been largely atheoretical and has ignored the role of organizational justice in understanding the behavior. This study uses survey data from a random sample of 483 police officers employed in the Philadelphia Police Department to explore the role of organizational justice in police misconduct. Results indicate that officers who view their agency as fair and just in managerial practices are less likely to adhere to the code of silence or believe that police corruption in pursuit of a noble cause is justified. Furthermore, perceptions of organizational justice are associated with lower levels of engagement in several forms of police misconduct. The results suggest that organizational justice is a promising framework to understand police misconduct and may help guide police administrators in the implementation of effective management strategies to reduce the incidence of the behavior.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 332
EP  - 353
SN  - 0093-8548
N1  - <p>Organizational justice and police misconduct</p>
KW  - BLAME
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Nonfiction Book Review: How the Police Generate False Confessions: An Inside Look at the Interrogation Room by James L. Trainum.
AU  - Publishers Weekly
T2  - PublishersWeekly.com
AB  - In this groundbreaking book on the U.S. criminal justice system, Trainum, a former Washington, D.C. police detective, argues for reform of police interviewing and interrogation practices. The confessi
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
ST  - Nonfiction Book Review
UR  - http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4422-4464-1
Y2  - 2017/04/12/18:55:08
L2  - http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4422-4464-1
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Pennsylvania’s Shame
AU  - Bazelon, Lara
AU  - Lithwick, Dahlia
T2  - Slate
AB  - Poorly trained police. Underpaid defense attorneys. No support for the wrongly convicted. How did the state’s criminal justice system fail so profoundly?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/THCfohsDwxI
DA  - 2016/10/12/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Slate
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1091-2339
UR  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/10/how_did_pennsylvania_s_criminal_justice_system_fail_this_profoundly.html?wpsrc=sh_all_dt_tw_top
Y2  - 2017/03/27/16:00:54
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/10/how_did_pennsylvania_s_criminal_justice_system_fail_this_profoundly.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/10/how_did_pennsylvania_s_criminal_justice_system_fail_this_profoundly.single.html
L2  - http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/10/how_did_pennsylvania_s_criminal_justice_system_fail_this_profoundly.single.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ghettoside: A True Story of Murder in America
AU  - Leovy, Jill
AB  - NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, USA TODAY, AND CHICAGO TRIBUNE • A masterly work of literary journalism about a senseless murder, a relentless detective, and the great plague of homicide in AmericaNATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • The Washington Post • The Boston Globe • The Economist • The Globe and Mail • BookPage • Kirkus Reviews On a warm spring evening in South Los Angeles, a young man is shot and killed on a sidewalk minutes away from his home, one of the thousands of black Americans murdered that year. His assailant runs down the street, jumps into an SUV, and vanishes, hoping to join the scores of killers in American cities who are never arrested for their crimes. But as soon as the case is assigned to Detective John Skaggs, the odds shift. Here is the kaleidoscopic story of the quintessential, but mostly ignored, American murder—a “ghettoside” killing, one young black man slaying another—and a brilliant and driven cadre of detectives whose creed is to pursue justice for forgotten victims at all costs. Ghettoside is a fast-paced narrative of a devastating crime, an intimate portrait of detectives and a community bonded in tragedy, and a surprising new lens into the great subject of why murder happens in our cities—and how the epidemic of killings might yet be stopped. Praise for Ghettoside“A serious and kaleidoscopic achievement . . . [Jill Leovy is] a crisp writer with a crisp mind and the ability to boil entire skies of information into hard journalistic rain.”—Dwight Garner, The New York Times“Masterful . . . gritty reporting that matches the police work behind it.”—Los Angeles Times“Moving and engrossing.”—San Francisco Chronicle“Penetrating and heartbreaking . . . Ghettoside points out how relatively little America has cared even as recently as the last decade about the value of young black men’s lives.”—USA Today“Functions both as a snappy police procedural and—more significantly—as a searing indictment of legal neglect . . . Leovy’s powerful testimony demands respectful attention.”—The Boston Globe“Gritty, heart-wrenching . . . Everyone needs to read this book.”—Michael Connelly “Ghettoside is remarkable: a deep anatomy of lawlessness.”—Atul Gawande, author of Being Mortal“[Leovy writes] with grace and artistry, and controlled—but bone-deep—outrage in her new book. . . . The most important book about urban violence in a generation.”—The Washington Post “Riveting . . . This timely book could not be more important.”—Associated Press“Leovy’s relentless reporting has produced a book packed with valuable, hard-won insights—and it serves as a crucial, 366-page reminder that ‘black lives matter.’ ”—The New York Times Book Review“A compelling analysis of the factors behind the epidemic of black-on-black homicide . . . an important book, which deserves a wide audience.”—Hari Kunzru, The Guardian
CY  - New York
DA  - 2015/01/27/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 384
LA  - English
PB  - Spiegel & Grau
SN  - 978-0-385-52998-3
ST  - Ghettoside
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0385529988/wnyc-20
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice: Developing a Criminology of Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 201 - 223, August 2005
AB  - This article critiques the study of wrongful convictions in the United States and urges the development of a generalizable criminology of wrongful convictions. While writers have documented wrongful convictions for more than eight decades, only recently has systematic research focused on the problem of miscarriages of justice. Following a brief history of the scholarship on wrongful convictions, the author classifies the field of wrongful conviction scholarship into three genres: the big-picture studies, the specialized-causes studies, and the true-crime studies. Their contributions to the field and their limitations are described. Despite the recent proliferation of wrongful conviction scholarship, there are methodological, conceptual, and theoretical gaps and problems in the understanding of miscarriage of justice. The author argues that criminologists should move beyond the legal categories and concepts employed by lawyers and journalists to engage in more big-picture analysis rather than the descriptive case studies that dominate the field. Indeed, with thoughtful research questions, methodologies, and analyses, the study of miscarriages of justice could develop into a thriving field of its own. Notes, references
CY  - United States
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 23-23
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9793817?accountid=26333http://www.sagepub.com/
N1  - <p>Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice: Developing a Criminology of Wrongful Conviction<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Language of summary - English Pages - 23 ProQuest ID - 9793817 Last updated - 2012-09-06 British nursing index edition - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 201 - 223, August 2005 Corporate institution author - Leo, Richard A DOI - NCJR210647; 210647</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Doctors Are More Dangerous Than Gun Owners: A Rejoinder to Error Counting
AU  - Dekker, Sidney W. A.
T2  - Human Factors
AB  - Objective: This paper analyzes some of the problems with error counting as well as the difficulty of proposing viable alternatives. Background: Counting and tabulating negatives (e.g., errors) are currently popular ways to measure and help improve safety in a variety of domains. They uphold an illusion of rationality and control but may offer neither real insight nor productive routes for improving safety. Method: The paper conducts a critical analysis of assumptions underlying error counting in human factors. Results: Error counting is a form of structural analysis that focuses on (supposed) causes and consequences; it defines risk and safety instrumentally in terms of minimizing negatives and their measurable effects. In this way, physicians can be proven to be 7500 times less safe than gun owners, as they are responsible for many more accidental deaths. Conclusion: The appeal of error counting may lie in a naive realism that can enchant researchers and practitioners alike. Supporting facts will continue to be found by those looking for errors through increasingly refined methods. Application: The paper outlines a different approach to understanding safety in complex systems that is more socially and politically oriented and that places emphasis on interpretation and social construction rather than on putatively objective structural features.
DA  - 2007/04/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1518/001872007X312423
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SP  - 177
EP  - 184
J2  - Human Factors
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-7208
ST  - Doctors Are More Dangerous Than Gun Owners
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872007X312423
Y2  - 2017/05/19/16:49:52
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1518/001872007X312423
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1518/001872007X312423
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Defending Data
AU  - Metzger, Pamela
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
T2  - SSRN
AB  - Defending Data proposes a data-driven, systems-based approach to improving public defense in America. 

Public defenders represent millions of defendants every year. Yet, public defense remains a largely data-less enterprise, a black box of discretionary decisions disconnected from any systemic analysis about the relationship between defender practices and case outcomes. Defending Data adopts a novel approach to the crisis of public defense. Building off of the successful implementation of system-based approaches in other complex, high-risk industries such as aviation and medicine, Defending Data explains how defenders can develop a data-driven systems approach to public defense.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2279203
KW  - big data
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - National Domestic Violence Fatality Review Initiative
AU  - National Domestic Violence Fatality Review Initiative
AB  - Many domestic violence fatality review teams have tried to adhere to a "no-blame and shame" ethos. Given it is often the batterer or his violent behavior that causes the death in question, philosophies that point the finger at agencies, or seek to blame and shame individual agency personnel are counterproductive. Such a blaming approach, often referred to as "tombstone technology" in fields such as aviation and nuclear power, might encourage the covering up of information in cases of death. It is also the case that men who batter women blame their victims for much that is negative in their lives. Using reviews to blame others merely perpetuates that negative and destructive style of thinking and contributes little to healing. Although the perpetrator of domestic homicide bears the ultimate responsibility for the killing, many agencies that work with victims of domestic violence might have become more involved, perhaps saving a life. The failure to prevent deaths through inaction, negligence, malfeasance, corruption, the inability to better coordinate service delivery, and so on, is common in many walks of life where the safety and security of the public are at stake. It is essential that review teams gather information to make informed decisions about how to introduce changes to prevent domestic violence. In other words, the review team works with a philosophy of kindness and concern, a philosophy that respects the rights of surviving family members, but with a philosophy that recognizes that better agency coordination can save lives. The "no blame and shame" philosophy does not remove the need for agency accountability.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://ndvfri.org/
N1  - <p>National Domestic Violence Fatality Review Initiative</p>
N1  - <p>National Domestic Violence Fatality Review Initiative</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Shining a Light: Safer Health Care Through Transparency - National Patient Safety Foundation
AU  - National Patient Safety Foundation’s Lucian Leape Institute
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Bhg939K1Lw0
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
PB  - National Patient Safety Foundation
UR  - https://npsf.site-ym.com/general/custom.asp?page=shiningalight
Y2  - 2017/06/14/16:20:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Mentally ill man who died while in custody received substandard care, audit finds
AU  - Jouvenal, Justin
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The Virginia inspector general warned of lapses leading to Jamycheal Mitchell’s death.
DA  - 2016/04/05/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html
Y2  - 2017/04/18/17:49:20
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/mentally-ill-inmate-who-died-in-custody-received-substandard-care-audit-finds/2016/04/05/52753372-fb73-11e5-886f-a037dba38301_story.html?utm_term=.d09f7a917f56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - One hundred years later: Wrongful convictions after a century of research
AU  - Gould, J.
AU  - Leo, R.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
AB  - In this article the authors analyze a century of research on the causes and consequences of wrongful convictions in the American criminal justice system while explaining the many lessons of this body of work. This article chronicles the range of research that has been conducted on wrongful convictions; examines the common sources of error in the criminal justice system and their effects; suggests where additional research and attention are needed; and discusses methodological strategies for improving the quality of research on wrongful convictions. The authors argue that traditional sources of error (eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, perjured testimony, forensic error, tunnel vision, prosecutorial misconduct, ineffective assistance of counsel, etc.) are contributing sources, not exclusive causes, of wrongful conviction. They also argue that the research on wrongful convictions during the last hundred years has uncovered a great deal about how these sources operate and what might prevent their effects. Finally, the authors urge criminal justice professionals and policy-makers to take this research more seriously and apply the lessons learned from a century of research into wrongful convictions.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 100
IS  - 3
N1  - <p>One hundred years later: Wrongful convictions after a century of research</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission: An interagency collaborative process to reduce homicide
AU  - O’Brien, M. Woods W.
AU  - Cisler, R. A.
T2  - Wisconsin Medical Journal
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 106, 385-388
N1  - <p>The Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission: An interagency collaborative process to reduce homicide</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
KW  - Homicide Reviews
KW  - Incident reviews
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Killing Time: An 18-Year Odyssey from Death Row to Freedom
AU  - Hollway, John
AU  - Ronald M. Gauthier
AB  - In 1984, John Thompson was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of a prominent white man in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was sent to Angola Prison and confined to his cell for twenty-three hours a day. However, Thompson adamantly proclaimed his innocence and just needed lawyers who believed that his trial had been mishandled and would step up to the plate against the powerful DA’s office. But who would fight for Thompson’s innocence when he didn’t have an alibi for the night of the murder and there were two key witnesses to confirm his guilt? Killing Time is about the eighteen-year quest for Thompson’s freedom from a wrongful murder conviction. After Philadelphia lawyers Michael Banks and Gordon Cooney take on his case, they struggle to find areas of misconduct in his previous trials while grappling with their questions about Thompson’s innocence. John Hollway and Ronald M. Gauthier have interviewed Thompson and the lawyers, and paint a realistic and compelling portrait of life on death row and the corruption in the Louisiana police and DA’s office. When it is found that evidence was mishandled in a previous trial that led to his death sentence in the murder case, Thompson is finally on his road to freedom—a journey that continues with his suit against Harry Connick, Sr. and the New Orleans DA’s office to this day.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2010/05/18/
PY  - 2010
DP  - Amazon
SP  - 496
LA  - English
PB  - Skyhorse Publishing
SN  - 978-1-60239-974-7
ST  - Killing Time
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Time-18-Year-Odyssey-Freedom/dp/1602399743
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - A New Exhibit in the Case for the Black Lives Matter Movement
AU  - Friedersdorf, Conor
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - Another cell phone video of egregious police brutality illustrates the need for the very policy reforms that the grassroots movement has urged.
DA  - 2017/04/18/
PY  - 2017
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/04/a-new-exhibit-in-the-case-for-black-lives-matter/523209/
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/04/a-new-exhibit-in-the-case-for-black-lives-matter/523209/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/04/a-new-exhibit-in-the-case-for-black-lives-matter/523209/
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Bail Trap
AU  - Pinto, Nick
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Every year, thousands of innocent people are sent to jail only because they can’t afford to post bail, putting them at risk of losing their jobs, custody of their children — even their lives.
DA  - 2015/08/13/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/magazine/the-bail-trap.html
Y2  - 2017/06/05/18:06:12
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/magazine/the-bail-trap.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/magazine/the-bail-trap.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Bail
KW  - New York State
KW  - Bronx Freedom Fund
KW  - Brooklyn Community Bail Fund
KW  - Tomlin,  Tyrone (1962- )
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Commissioner needs flexibility in disciplining police officers
AU  - Editorial
AB  - http://bostonglobe.com/editorials/2013/02/19/consistency-not-always-best-policy-police-punishments/XitMViBhFhDZgXzKcBVjNN/story.html Note: Doyle, "Here's an editorial from the Boston Globe, discussing (again in police terms) the performance/misconduct borderland. My understanding of the "Just Culture" literature suggests that this issue is really central to future system reliability. Who decides whether (e.g.) an investigative mis-step is a performance issue or a disciplinary issue? When is the decision made?"
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Commissioner needs flexibility in disciplining police officers</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Commissioner needs flexibility in disciplining police officers</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rampage Violence Requires a New Type of Research
AU  - Harris, Harris and
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
AB  - The authors discuss "systems theory" while discussing a book on school shootings by Newman (2004). "Newman’s explanatory model is also useful because it is not one of individual causality, but of a systems failure that allows individual failures to lead to a catastrophic event. Systems theory models serve us well in the study of other rare catastrophic events, such as airplane accidents. A systems theory approach, such as she suggests, supports disciplinary research in one area, for instance bullying, while providing a framework to use this research to better understand the multidimensional social problem of rampage violence."
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 102
IS  - 6
N1  - <p>Rampage Violence Requires a New Type of Research</p>
N1  - <p>Rampage Violence Requires a New Type of Research</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using risk management to manage police liability and enhance police professionalism: Current applications.”
AU  - Archbold, Carol A.
T2  - Law Enforcement Executive Forum
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 17
EP  - 29
ST  - “Using risk management to manage police liability and enhance police professionalism: Current applications.”
UR  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233980758_Using_risk_management_to_manage_police_liability_and_enhance_police_professionalism_Current_applications
N1  - <p>“Using risk management to manage police liability and enhance police professionalism: Current applications.” .</p>
N1  - <p>“Using risk management to manage police liability and enhance police professionalism: Current applications.” .</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Cost of Withholding Information as Brooklyn Murder Cases Are Reviewed
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/nyregion/the-cost-of-withholding-information-as-brooklyn-murder-cases-are-reviewed.html?src=rechp&_r=0
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>The Cost of Withholding Information as Brooklyn Murder Cases Are Reviewed</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>The Cost of Withholding Information as Brooklyn Murder Cases Are Reviewed</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - New York City to Pay $4.1 Million to Family of Akai Gurley
AU  - Chokshi, Niraj
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Mr. Gurley, who was unarmed, was fatally shot by a police officer in a Brooklyn housing project in 2014, setting off a wave of protests.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/H16PTHHwVd8
DA  - 2016/08/16/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:14:59
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/16/nyregion/new-york-city-to-pay-4-1-million-to-family-of-akai-gurley.html
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Gurley, Akai
KW  - Liang, Peter (1987- )
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interprofessional rhetoric and operational realities: an ethnographic study of rounds in four intensive care units
AU  - Paradis, Elise
AU  - Leslie, Myles
AU  - Gropper, Michael A.
T2  - Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice
AB  - Morning interprofessional rounds (MIRs) are used in critical care medicine to improve team-based care and patient outcomes. Given existing evidence of conflict between and dissatisfaction among rounds participants, this study sought to better understand how the operational realities of care delivery in the intensive care unit (ICU) impact the success of MIRs. We conducted a year-long comparative ethnographic study of interprofessional collaboration and patient and family involvement in four ICUs in tertiary academic hospitals in two American cities. The study included 576 h of observation of team interactions, 47 shadowing sessions and 40 clinician interviews. In line with best practices in ethnographic research, data collection and analysis were done iteratively using the constant comparative method. Member check was conducted regularly throughout the project. MIRs were implemented on all units with the explicit goals of improving team-based and patient-centered care. Operational conditions on the units, despite interprofessional commitment and engagement, appeared to thwart ICU teams from achieving these goals. Specifically, time constraints, struggles over space, and conflicts between MIRs' educational and care-plan-development functions all prevented teams from achieving collaboration and patient-involvement. Moreover, physicians' de facto control of rounds often meant that they resembled medical rounds (their historical predecessors), and sidelined other providers' contributions. This study suggests that the MIRs model, as presently practiced, might not be well suited to the provision of team-based, patient-centered care. In the interest of interprofessional collaboration, of the optimization of clinicians' time, of high-quality medical education and of patient-centered care, further research on interprofessional rounds models is needed.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-dSOH4NDl2k
DA  - 2016/10//
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1007/s10459-015-9662-5
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 735
EP  - 748
J2  - Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract
LA  - eng
SN  - 1573-1677
ST  - Interprofessional rhetoric and operational realities
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704051
KW  - Critical care
KW  - Interprofessional relations
KW  - Medical education-graduate
KW  - Patient centered care
KW  - Ward rounds
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - KING: Racism has found its way into the Cincinnati Zoo saga
AU  - King
T2  - NY Daily News
AB  - As you have likely heard, on this past Saturday a 4-year-old boy fell into the gorilla habitat at the Cincinnati Zoo.
DA  - 2016/05/31/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-racism-found-cincinnati-zoo-saga-article-1.2655860
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:16:00
L2  - http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/king-racism-found-cincinnati-zoo-saga-article-1.2655860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Innocence, harmless error, and federal wrongful conviction law
AU  - Garrett, B.
T2  - Wisconsin Law Review
AB  - This Article examines the body of law emerging in cases brought by former criminal defendants once exonerated, often through DNA testing, which may fundamentally reshape our criminal justice system. Federal wrongful conviction actions share a novel construction - they rely on criminal procedure rights incorporated as an element in a civil rights lawsuit. During a criminal trial, remedies for violations of procedural rights are often seen as truth defeating, because they exclude evidence possibly probative of guilt. In a civil wrongful conviction action, that remedial paradigm is reversed. The exonerated defendant instead seeks to remedy government misconduct that was truth defeating and concealed evidence of innocence. This Article contends that in a civil case, the harmless error rules that limit remedies for violations of criminal procedure rights do not apply. Further, though not generally recognized as such, the Supreme Court has created internal harmless error rules to accompany each of the relevant fair trial claims: the Brady v. Maryland right to have exculpatory evidence disclosed; the right to effective assistance of counsel; the right to be free from suggestive eyewitness identification procedures; and the right not to be subject to a coerced confession. Civil claims suggest the transformative result that for each right, harmless error insulation is stripped away. This Article concludes by reflecting on how wrongful conviction suits may spearhead wide-ranging reform of our criminal justice system and renew substantive development of the constitutional right to a fair trial.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 35
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=794792
N1  - <p>Innocence, harmless error, and federal wrongful conviction law</p>
N1  - <p>Innocence, harmless error, and federal wrongful conviction law</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Louis Scarcella Articles
AU  - New York Post
AU  - multiple authors
AB  - Multiple New York Post stores on retired NYPD detective.
UR  - http://nypost.com/tag/louis-scarcella/
Y2  - 2017/06/09/13:50:39
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - U.S. Dept. of Justice reveals plans to review Baltimore Police Dept.
AU  - Puente, Mark
T2  - Baltimore Sun
AB  - After years of alleged police brutality, the U.S. Department of Justice revealed plans Monday to investigate the Baltimore Police Department.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NVwNf7xVaHs
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bs-md-justice-probe-20141017-story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/26/15:10:02
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - A Worst Practices Guide to Insider Threats: Lessons from Past Mistakes
AU  - Bunn, Mathew
AU  - Sagan, Scott
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/49m2fOZf4Y4
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
PB  - American Academy of Arts and Sciences
UR  - http://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/insiderThreats.pdf
Y2  - 2017/06/05/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Quality Circles and the British Police Service
AU  - Shaw, B.
T2  - Police Journal, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 87-104, April-June 1989
AB  - This article examines "quality circles" and discusses the management implications of introducing them in the British police service. Quality circles, as defined by the National Society of Quality Circles, are "small groups of employees who meet regularly to solve problems and find ways of improving aspects of their work." Aims of the quality circle program are to generate increased employee involvement in organizational problemsolving, to stimulate the development of individual workers, and to promote practical benefits to the organization and individual workers by the solution of job related problems. Quality circle programs can be developed to provide an integrated system of participatory management whose component parts include a steering committee, a facilitator, circle leaders, and circle members. Some potential benefits of quality circles are improved work quality, improved communication between workers and management, improved worker morale, and the development of team building skills. Given the degree of sustained commitment required from senior management and other problems associated with the implementation of quality circles, the introduction of quality circles is a high-risk management option for the senior British police manager. 31 footnotes, 30-item bibliography, and appended outline of problemsolving techniques used in quality circles.
CY  - United Kingdom
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
SP  - 18-18
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9695021?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Quality Circles and the British Police Service<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR118648; 118648</p>
KW  - Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Communication techniques (09635)
KW  - United Kingdom (90644)
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Man Who Shot Michael Brown
AU  - Halpern, Jake
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-pkQi7BXEUU
DA  - 2015/08/10/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop
Y2  - 2017/06/05/19:03:45
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Chicago’s Racist Cops and Racist Courts
AU  - Cleve, Nicole Gonzalez Van
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The Chicago Police Department isn’t the city’s only racist institution — the legal system is rife with bias, too.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/pa3mCu22IPE
DA  - 2016/04/14/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/opinion/chicagos-racist-cops-and-racist-courts.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:43:26
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/opinion/chicagos-racist-cops-and-racist-courts.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/opinion/chicagos-racist-cops-and-racist-courts.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&_r=0
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Chicago (Ill)
KW  - Police Department (Chicago, Ill)
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Emanuel, Rahm
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Gideon’s Muted Trumpet
AU  - Butler, Paul
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Today, a poor person has a greater chance of being incarcerated than 50 years ago — when the Supreme Court guaranteed legal representation to indigent defendants.
DA  - 2013/03/17/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:03:05
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/gideons-muted-trumpet.html?hp&mtrref=undefined&gwh=376CBB628558755B01C13BB362DF0D3D&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Gideon’s Muted Trumpet</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Gideon’s Muted Trumpet</p>
KW  - Sentences (Criminal)
KW  - Public Defenders and Court-Appointed Lawyers (Criminal)
KW  - Decisions and Verdicts
KW  - Legal Aid for the Poor (Civil)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Making Policing Safer for Everyone
AU  - Wexler, Chuck
AU  - Thomson, Scott
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The police need to rethink their tactics in confrontations with suspects who aren’t armed with guns.
DA  - 2016/03/02/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/opinion/making-policing-safer-for-everyone.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:46:03
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/opinion/making-policing-safer-for-everyone.html?ref=opinion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B22CFFB57DCCE44D5E685F00F1E05835&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/opinion/making-policing-safer-for-everyone.html?ref=opinion&mtrref=undefined&gwh=B22CFFB57DCCE44D5E685F00F1E05835&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Firearms
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Tulsa to pay $8 million to exonerated man in wrongful-conviction lawsuit settlement
AU  - Wade, Jarrel
T2  - Tulsa World
AB  - Sedrick Courtney filed a federal suit against the city in June 2014 alleging city officials used manufactured evidence to convict him of robbery and burglary and then obstructed his exoneration
DA  - 2015/10/23/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/courts/tulsa-to-pay-million-to-exonerated-man-in-wrongful-conviction/article_18a99182-33c5-5e41-988b-a7983024dfc1.html
Y2  - 2017/05/26/18:46:55
L2  - http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/courts/tulsa-to-pay-million-to-exonerated-man-in-wrongful-conviction/article_18a99182-33c5-5e41-988b-a7983024dfc1.html
L2  - http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/courts/tulsa-to-pay-million-to-exonerated-man-in-wrongful-conviction/article_18a99182-33c5-5e41-988b-a7983024dfc1.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Justice system failed Bernard Baran
AU  - Silvergate, Harvey
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/D2q9yOUZw4A
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/10/09/justice-system-failed-bernard-baran/5U8sPmGzbOjf0lHOgG7hGN/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/26/17:49:40
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Cops See It Differently, Part One
A2  - This American Life
AB  - There are so many cops who look at the killing of Eric Garner or Mike Brown and say race didn't play a factor. And there are tons of black people who say that's insane. There's a division between people who distrust the police — even fear them — and people who see cops as a force for good. Stories of people living on both sides of that divide, and people trying to bridge it. (If you prefer, here's a bleeped version.)
DA  - 2015/02/06/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/547/cops-see-it-differently-part-one
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Developing consensus about groupthink after all these years
AU  - Paulus, Paul B.
T2  - Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
AB  - The groupthink model is evaluated in the context of the papers of this special issue. The major focus is on the basis for its impact and its scientific status. The groupthink perspective is seen as consistent with some other contributions to the groups literature. Interesting parallels between the groupthink and the brainstorming literature are noted. It is concluded that many of the issues raised by the groupthink model are worthy of further examination in a broad-based study of group decision processes.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 362
EP  - 374
SN  - 0749-5978
N1  - <p>Developing consensus about groupthink after all these years</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Unreliable and Unchallenged
AU  - Gabrielson, Ryan
T2  - ProPublica
AB  - Years after the Las Vegas crime lab wanted to replace faulty police drug kits, they are still used in thousands of convictions.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ZGChQloWuBQ
DA  - 2016/10/28/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
Y2  - 2017/03/24/17:28:44
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/unreliable-and-unchallenged
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Role of Innocence Commissions: Error Discovery, Systemic Reform or Both, The
AU  - Roach, Kent
T2  - Chi.-Kent L. Rev.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 85
SP  - 89
N1  - <p>(2010)<br/>"Role of Innocence Commissions: Error Discovery, Systemic Reform or Both</p>
N1  - <p>Role of Innocence Commissions: Error Discovery, Systemic Reform or Both, The</p>
N1  - <p>Role of Innocence Commissions: Error Discovery, Systemic Reform or Both, The</p>
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Examining Child Fatality Reviews and Cross System Fatality Reviews to Promote the Safety of Children at Risk
AU  - Yuan, Y.Y., Y. T. Convinton and L. Oppenheim
T2  - Child Health Review
AB  - http://www.childdeathreview.org/Promo/WRMA_August2012.pdf
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.ncfrp.org/wp-content/uploads/Presentations/WRMA_August2012.pdf
N1  - <p>(undated)<br/>Examining Child Fatality Reviews and Cross System Fatality Reviews to Promote the Safety of Children at Risk.</p>
N1  - <p>(undated)<br/>Examining Child Fatality Reviews and Cross System Fatality Reviews to Promote the Safety of Children at Risk.</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Criminology of Wrongful Conviction: A Decade Later
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - This article reflects on the author’s 2005 article, “Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice,” which sought to describe what scholars empirically knew at that time about the phenomenon, causes, and consequences of wrongful convictions in America. The 2005 article argued that the study of wrongful convictions constituted a coherent academic field of study and set forth a vision for a more sophisticated, insightful, and generalizable criminology of wrongful conviction. In this current article, the author revisits the ideas first developed in “Rethinking the Study of Miscarriages of Justice” to evaluate what scholars have learned about wrongful convictions in the last decade, and what challenges lie ahead for developing a more robust criminology of wrongful conviction. The article concludes that there have been significant theoretical, methodological, and substantive advances in the last decade, but that a root cause analysis of wrongful convictions has yet to come to fruition and urges empirical scholars to begin to study other sources of error and inaccuracy in the criminal justice system. Scholars should develop a criminology of erroneous outcomes, not just of erroneous conviction. By studying both sets of outcomes, scholars can improve accuracy and reduce errors across the board.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673013
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 82
EP  - 106
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
ST  - The Criminology of Wrongful Conviction
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673013
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673013
KW  - Root Cause Analysis*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LEGAL MISSTEPS
AU  - Patel, Julie
T2  - IRE Journal
AB  - The article focuses on the research conducted by reporters Noam Levey and Rick Tulsky about the prosecutorial bias and miscarriages of justice at Santa Clara County's criminal justice system in California. The attorneys, judges and the appellate court failed to check the system, which led to high conviction rates and few cases overturned on appeal.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
SN  - 01647016
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=23337775&site=ehost-live
AN  - 23337775
N1  - <p>LEGAL MISSTEPS<br/>Patel, Julie; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 29 Issue 6, p12; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: COURTS -- Officials & employees; Subject Term: SANTA Clara County (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; People: LEVEY, Noam; People: TULSKY, Rick; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - California
KW  - COURTS -- Officials & employees
KW  - LEVEY, Noam
KW  - SANTA Clara County (Calif.)
KW  - TULSKY, Rick
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from Our Mistakes: A Criminal Justice Commission to Study Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Findley, Keith
T2  - California Western Law Review
AB  - For hundreds of years the criminal justice system has developed, relied upon, and incrementally refined a body of rules and ... ... day, the guilty are convicted and the innocent are acquitted. ... The important point is to find a way to learn from the wrongful conviction cases, and to do so in a manner that might realistically lead to reform of the criminal justice system, before the opportunity is lost. ... The first study of the DNA exoneration cases, ... ... cases in which DNA proved that an innocent person had been convicted and found that eyewitness identification error played a role in almost all of the studied cases. ... Indeed, although the United States has not yet seen fit to make expansive inquiries into individual cases of wrongful conviction, as in Canada, or to more systematically scour the landscape for individual injustices as does the CCRC in Great Britain, there are emerging efforts here to study the apparent flaws in the ...
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
N1  - <p>Learning from Our Mistakes: A Criminal Justice Commission to Study Wrongful Convictions</p>
N1  - <p>Learning from Our Mistakes: A Criminal Justice Commission to Study Wrongful Convictions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Link Between Money and Aggressive Policing
AU  - Markowitz, Mark
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - When police assume the role of debt collectors with the ability to imprison debtors, the risk of a violent confrontation with a civilian may rise.
DA  - 2016/08/11/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:35:11
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
L2  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-link-between-money-and-aggressive-policing
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Doctors Strive to Do Less Harm by Inattentive Care
AU  - Kolata, Gina
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Inattentive medical care is now seen as a real harm. To remedy the situation, many hospitals and doctors are surveying those in their care.
DA  - 2015/02/17/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Health
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/18/health/doctors-strive-to-do-less-harm-by-inattentive-care.html
Y2  - 2017/06/13/
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Health Insurance and Managed Care
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Medicine and Health
KW  - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
KW  - Press Ganey Associates Inc
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Into the Eight Ball: The Colonialists' Landscape in American Criminal Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/nx1Ku80lRP0
DA  - 1992///
PY  - 1992
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
UR  - http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1297&context=twlj
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:50:39
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement: A Framework for Safe, Reliable, and Effective Care
AU  - Haraden, Frankel et al.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/IHIWhitePapers/Framework-Safe-Reliable-Effective-Care.aspx
Y2  - 2017/03/13/
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned or Lessons ObservedDissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences
AU  - Kaniewski, Daniel J.
AB  - When Hurricane Katrina devastated the Gulf Coast in August 2005, it exposed gaps in the nation's response system for catastrophic disasters. The failed Federal response was the subject of multiple reviews, including those conducted by the executive and legislative branches. However, little subsequent attention has focused on whether lessons from the disaster were learned or merely observed. Because the reviews undertaken by the executive branch were conducted in private and not subject to public scrutiny, this dissertation considers, for the first time, the perspectives of policy elites involved in the reviews. It determines if policies adopted as a result of the reviews were informed by serious consideration of the factors that contributed to the failed response. This study considers the White House review of Hurricane Katrina and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) review of the National Response Plan (NRP) as its two cases. It uses the theory of policy learning to examine how new information and ideas were applied to policy instruments that resulted from the reviews. This study finds that there is evidence of policy learning as a result of the reviews, but the type of policy learning varied and learning was not uniform among the policy elites involved. Furthermore, it finds that several factors influenced whether policy learning occurred. The results of this study may inform future after-action reviews and enable the nation to more effectively learn lessons from disasters. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by addressing your request to ProQuest, 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346. Telephone 1-800-521-3042; e-mail: disspub@umi.com
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 4330-4330
M3  - AAI3464668
N1  - <p>The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned or Lessons Observed<br/>Date revised - 2012-10-01 Journal announcement date - ProQuest, Ann Arbor MI, 2012 SuppNotes - 239 p. Ph.D. Advisor: Cushman, Charles,. Advisor: Newcomer, Kathryn Edition date: 2011. Last updated - 2012-10-03 CODEN - DABAA6 DOI - SA-SD-0003134881; 201238922; AAI3464668; 0419-4209; 9781124810690; DABAA6 First page - 4330 SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - *Natural Disasters; *Elites; *Executives; *Whites; *National Security; *Disasters</p>
KW  - *Disasters
KW  - *Natural Disasters
KW  - 0337 History, United States 0617 Political Science, Public Administration 0630 Sociology, Public and Social Welfare
KW  - 7777: Sociology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Actual innocence: When justice goes wrong and how to make it right
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AU  - Neufeld, Peter
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - Faculty Books
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
M1  - 78
UR  - https://larc.cardozo.yu.edu/faculty-books/78
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Shakespearean Death of Billy Slagle
AU  - Cohen, Andrew
T2  - The Atlantic
AB  - An inmate committed suicide three days before his scheduled execution — and 36 hours after prosecutors discovered shocking new information that might have saved him.
DA  - 2013/09/24/
PY  - 2013
DP  - The Atlantic
SN  - 1072-7825
UR  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:02:05
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
L2  - https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/the-shakespearean-death-of-billy-slagle/279844/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Officers Involved in Tamir Rice Killing Face Administrative Charges
AU  - Mele, Christopher
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The charges came over a year after a grand jury declined to bring criminal charges in the death of the 12-year-old boy at the hands of police.
DA  - 2017/01/13/
PY  - 2017
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:00:39
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=1&mtrref=undefined&gwh=698F309B8F99F22EE22D20B8762E1560&gwt=pay
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A follow-up article regarding the administrative discipline of 3 officers involved in the Rice shooting.  Included in passing the information that the cop who shot shouldn't have been hired, the dispatcher failed to relay crucial evidence to the cop who shouldn't have been hired, the cop accompanying the cop who should have fired failed to use appropriate tactical discipline in approaching Rice, and failed to call for assistance as required:  In other words an "organizational accident."  The argument for SE reviews here would be that if, rather than dribbling out on the margins of follow-up news accounts, these things were part of a routine, expected, all-stakeholders process, and the shortfalls addressed, public trust would be significantly enhanced.  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/officers-in-tamir-rice-killing.html?_r=0<br /></a></p>
<div class="yj6qo ajU" style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div id=":kp" class="ajR" style="background-color: #f1f1f1; border: 1px solid #dddddd; clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px;"><img class="ajT" style="background: url('//ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png') no-repeat; height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px;" src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" alt="" /></div>
</div>
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Cleveland (Ohio)
KW  - Rice, Tamir E (2002-14)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Did It Take 9 Hours and 3 Emergency Rooms For This Woman to Get a Rape Kit?
AU  - Keenan, Jillian
T2  - Cosmopolitan
AB  - How could it be legal for multiple Houston, Texas, emergency rooms to refuse Dinisha Ball a rape kit?  The complicated, infuriating, little-known reasons why women can be denied emergency care after a sexual assault.
DA  - 2016/08/23/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:01:40
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
L2  - http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a58941/dinisha-ball-rape-kit-texas-emergency-room/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FRAMING WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
AU  - Bandes, Susan A.
T2  - Utah Law Review
AB  - Concern over wrongful convictions has led to an "innocence movement" that has managed to bridge ideological divides, rouse people to action, and achieve unprecedented success in reforming the operation of the death penalty. In this short Article, written as part of the symposium "Beyond Biology: Wrongful Convictions in a Post-DNA World," I consider the fraught terms of the debate about the content of the category of wrongful convictions. Delineating the category raises two controversial issues: who should be considered wrongly convicted, and how to characterize the governmental misconduct that leads to these miscarriages of justice. This Article considers whether it remains helpful to organize our thinking about injustice in capital cases around the notion of wrongful convictions. I suggest that though we should celebrate and learn from the successes of the wrongful convictions movement, we need to look beyond innocence and create outrage at a broader spectrum of injustice. I also explore a conundrum about framing police and prosecutorial misconduct. Although it is often essential to name and condemn bad faith behavior by police and prosecutors, it may also be counterproductive in many instances. We should explore why certain ways of framing injustice have so much power, and what the ramifications are for the shape of the reform movement and the future of capital punishment. The challenge ahead is to find ways to communicate concern for more than just the innocent, and to communicate the dangers of systemic governmental misconduct that defies traditional definitions of blameworthiness.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 2008
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 24
SN  - 00421448
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43802975&site=ehost-live
AN  - 43802975
N1  - <p>FRAMING WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS<br/>Bandes, Susan A.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 2008 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: SOCIAL injustice; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Subject Term: PRACTICE of law; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: SPEEDY trial; Subject Term: DISCRIMINATION in justice administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>FRAMING WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS<br />Bandes, Susan A.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 2008 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: SOCIAL injustice; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Subject Term: PRACTICE of law; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: SPEEDY trial; Subject Term: DISCRIMINATION in justice administration; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - “Section 1983 and the Changing Face of Police Management,” in W. Geller, ed., Police Leadership in America (1985)
AU  - Schmidt, Wayne W.
T2  - Police Leadership in America
A2  - Geller, W.
AB  - Sam Gross: Here's an old article by Wayne Schmidt that I still assign to my criminal procedure class that makes the exact point Darrell and Barry make
DA  - 1985///
PY  - 1985
N1  - <p>“Section 1983 and the Changing Face of Police Management,” in W. Geller, ed., Police Leadership in America (1985).</p>
N1  - <p>“Section 1983 and the Changing Face of Police Management,” in W. Geller, ed., Police Leadership in America (1985).</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police Response to Domestic Violence: Making Decisions About Risk and Risk Management
AU  - Perez Trujillo, Monica
AU  - Ross, Stuart
T2  - Journal of Interpersonal Violence, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 454 - 473, April 2008
AB  - This study examined police decisions about risk in domestic violence incidents when using a risk assessment instrument. Assessing and responding to risk are key elements in how police respond to domestic violence. However, relatively little is known about the way police make judgments about the risks associated with domestic violence and how these judgments influence their actions. This study examines police decisions about risk in domestic violence incidents when using a risk assessment instrument. Based on a sample of 501 risk assessments completed by police in Australia, this study shows that a limited number of items on the risk assessment instrument are important in police officers' decisions about risk. Statistical analyses show that the victim's level of fear contributes to police officers' judgment on the level of risk and their decisions on which risk management strategy should be used. These findings suggest that research on police responses to domestic violence needs to pay greater attention to situational dynamics and the task requirements of risk-based decisionmaking. (Published Abstract)
CY  - United States
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 20-20
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/921716305?accountid=26333http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/early/2008/02/05/0886260507312943.abstract?patientinform-links=yes&legid=spjiv
N1  - <p>Police Response to Domestic Violence: Making Decisions About Risk and Risk Management<br/>Date revised - 2012-02-15 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR259080; 259080</p>
KW  - Risk management (09228)
KW  - Australia (90310)
KW  - Domestic assault (05378)
KW  - Domestic assault arrest policies (10430)
KW  - Domestic assault prevention (10110)
KW  - Foreign police (08713)
KW  - Police discretion (01423)
KW  - Testing and measurement (00959)
KW  - Victimization risk (10159)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - New Orleans Public Defenders Ask Judge to Halt New Case Assignments
AU  - Innocence Project
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - On Friday New Orleans Deputy District Defender Jee Park asked a judge to stop assigning new criminal cases to the Orleans Parish Defenders Office until their existing caseload is significantly reduced, according

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/iwTTxiVBkY4
DA  - 2015/11/24/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/new-orleans-public-defenders-ask-judge-to-halt-new-case-assignments/
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/new-orleans-public-defenders-ask-judge-to-halt-new-case-assignments/
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Where's Your Evidence
AU  - Smith, Jordan
AB  - http://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2013-02-15/wheres-your-evidence/ Note by Doyle: Here's a connection from the Austin Chronicle detailing a surprising amount of lost (but apparently preserved somewhere) forensic evidence:
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
N1  - <p>Date<br/>Where's Your Evidence</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - With Money at Risk, Hospitals Push Staff to Wash Hands
AU  - Hartocollis, Anemona
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/nyregion/hospitals-struggle-to-get-workers-to-wash-their-hands.html?_r=0
N1  - <p>Date<br/>With Money at Risk, Hospitals Push Staff to Wash Hands</p>
N1  - <p>Date<br/>With Money at Risk, Hospitals Push Staff to Wash Hands</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Transit union: Metro has ‘woefully neglected its safety culture’
AU  - Aratani, Lori
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The union head says employees fear that they will be punished if they highlight safety problems.
DA  - 2016/01/25/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Transit union
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2015/01/26/transit-union-metro-has-woefully-neglected-its-safety-culture/
Y2  - 2017/06/14/15:34:40
KW  - Culture of safety
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Path to Justice: Preventing Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Federal Provincial Territorial Heads of Prosecutions Subcommittee on the Prevention of WrongfulConvictions
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - Federal Provincial Territorial Heads of Prosecutions Subcommittee on the Prevention of Wrongful Convictions
UR  - http://www.ppsc-sppc.gc.ca/eng/pub/ptj-spj/ptj-spj-eng.pdf
N1  - <p>The Path to Justice: Preventing Wrongful Convictions</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why don’t we learn from our mistakes – even when it matters most?
AU  - Sayd, Mathew
T2  - New Statesman
DA  - 2015/11/13/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newstatesman.com/writers/321247
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:31:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Wrong Patient
AU  - Chassin, Mark R.
AU  - Becher, Elise C.
T2  - Annals of Internal Medicine
DA  - 2002/06/04/
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00012
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 136
IS  - 11
SP  - 826
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-4819
UR  - http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00012
Y2  - 2017/05/16/18:35:14
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How Can Police Departments Better Apply Management-By-Objectives and Quality Circle Programs?
AU  - Hatry, H. P.
AU  - Greiner, J. M.
AB  - This study of the use of management-by-objectives (MBO) and quality-circle programs in police departments discusses the major issues involved, the conditions apparently associated with the successful implementation of these motivational approaches, and their impacts thus far on police agencies. MBO is the process whereby individual managers identify objectives for the coming performance period. Performance against these objectives is then periodically reviewed to determine the extent to which the managers have met their objectives. Quality circles constitute a participatory management approach in which small groups of employees, typically nonmanagement personnel from the same work unit, meet regularly to identify, analyze, and recommend solutions to problems relating to their work unit. This study, conducted in the latter part of the 1970's and early 1980's, consisted of a literature review; a mail survey of police departments in all cities with a minimum 50,000 population and counties with a minimum 100,000 population; and telephone interviews with persons responsible for the motivational program in 17 departments. The study also reviewed materials provided by just over 30 police departments and conducted onsite field work in five locations. The study concludes that MBO systems have considerable potential for motivating management employees to improve service outcomes and service delivery efficiency. Quality circles have considerable potential for producing small-scale service improvements and improving work-unit morale. Recommendations suggest ways to improve both management systems.
DA  - 1984///
PY  - 1984
SP  - 130
EP  - 130
N1  - <p>How Can Police Departments Better Apply Management-By-Objectives and Quality Circle Programs?<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR99836; 99836</p>
N1  - <p>How Can Police Departments Better Apply Management-By-Objectives and Quality Circle Programs?<br/>Date revised - 2012-07-16 Availability - National Institute of Justice, Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849; NCJRS Photocopy Services, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR99836; 99836</p>
KW  - Participatory management (05132)
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Motivation (03185)
KW  - Systems analysis (03333)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Joint Commission Sentinel Eent Alert_54 - health IT.pdf
AU  - Joint Commission
DA  - 2015/03//
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTY5MjU4MTY5NzEzNTM4MzU3MzMBZ295SUd5SjAzSlFKATAuMQEBdjI
Y2  - 2017/06/12/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - For Police, a Playbook for Conflicts Involving Mental Illness
AU  - Goode, Erica
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In response to high-profile shootings of people with mental illness, police departments around the country are turning to crisis intervention training.
DA  - 2016/04/25/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/26/health/police-mental-illness-crisis-intervention.html
Y2  - 2017/04/28/19:02:03
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/26/health/police-mental-illness-crisis-intervention.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3175D5AE7864C73957948964D8C66DFF&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/26/health/police-mental-illness-crisis-intervention.html?_r=0&mtrref=undefined&gwh=3175D5AE7864C73957948964D8C66DFF&gwt=pay
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - National Alliance on Mental Illness
KW  - Portland (Ore)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA typing on the witness stand
AU  - Lewin, Roger
T2  - Science
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
VL  - 244
IS  - 4908
SP  - 1033
J2  - Science
SN  - 0036-8075
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Brooklyn Man Is Exonerated After 25 Years in Prison for Murder
AU  - Remnick, Noah
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Andre Hatchett, 49, is the 19th person to be cleared since the Brooklyn district attorney bolstered efforts to review questionable convictions.
DA  - 2016/03/10/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/nyregion/brooklyn-man-is-exonerated-after-25-years-in-prison-for-murder.html
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:17:50
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/nyregion/brooklyn-man-is-exonerated-after-25-years-in-prison-for-murder.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/11/nyregion/brooklyn-man-is-exonerated-after-25-years-in-prison-for-murder.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fnyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion%C2%AEion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=8&pgtype=sectionfront
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Carter, Neda Mae
KW  - Hatchett, Andre (1966- )
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - State Of Connecticut Awards $6 Million To Miguel Roman, Wrongly Imprisoned For Years
AU  - GRIFFIN, ALAINE
T2  - courant.com
AB  - Connecticut awards Miguel Roman, wrongfully imprisoned for a murder he didn't commit, $6 million
DA  - 2016/02/08/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-miguel-roman-wrongfully-imprisoned-award-0209-20160208-story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/09/16:28:07
L2  - http://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-miguel-roman-wrongfully-imprisoned-award-0209-20160208-story.html
L2  - http://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-miguel-roman-wrongfully-imprisoned-award-0209-20160208-story.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - U.S. judge quits commission to protest Justice Department forensic science policy - The Washington Post
AU  - Hsu, Spencer
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vMue6RgXKEI
DA  - 2015/01/29/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/us-judge-quits-commission-to-protest-justice-department-forensic-science-policy/2015/01/29/cbed0a84-a7bb-11e4-a2b2-776095f393b2_story.html?utm_term=.c0c0671ff1fb
Y2  - 2017/06/13/21:00:24
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Final Report of the Task Force on Wrongful Convictions
AU  - New York Bar Association
AB  - From Page 8 Recommendations for NY legislature Where Procedures Do Not Currently Exist, Prosecutors Should Put in Place Appropriate Internal Procedures for Preventing Brady and Truthful Evidence Rule Violations and For Examining, Evaluating, and Determining Whether the Official Conduct of an Assistant Is Improper and Should Be Sanctioned, and If Appropriate Imposing Such Sanctions 4. Under the Rules of Professional Conduct (Superseding the Code of Professional Responsibility), A Statewide Procedure Should Be Established for Identifying and Reviewing Intentional or Reckless Violations of Both Brady and the Truthful Evidence Rul
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - New York State Bar Association
UR  - https://www.nysba.org/wcreport/
N1  - <p>Final Report of the Task Force on Wrongful Convictions</p>
N1  - <p>Final Report of the Task Force on Wrongful Convictions</p>
N1  - <p>Final Report of the Task Force on Wrongful Convictions</p>
N1  - <p>Final Report of the Task Force on Wrongful Convictions</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Critics: Mayor risks failing at police reform if public shut out
AU  - Hurst, Adrienne
T2  - Injustice Watch
AB  - A coalition of officials said the mayor's plan to reform the police cannot succeed if the city does not do better at including outsiders in the process.
DA  - 2016/06/08/
PY  - 2016
ST  - Critics
UR  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:00:19
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
L2  - http://www.injusticewatch.org/news/2016/critics-mayor-risks-failing-at-police-reform-if-public-shut-out/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Royal Commission on criminal justice: The evidence recommendations
AU  - Jackson, J.
T2  - Criminal Law Review
AB  - While some of the Commission's specific recommendations on trial procedures and the law of evidence may reduce the risk of wrongful convictions, it is difficult to feel confident that its recommendations do enough to restore faith in the system's ability to avert miscarriages of justice or to avert the growing lack of confidence in the adversarial trial system. Identifies problems.
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
VL  - Nov
SP  - 817
EP  - 829
SN  - 0011-135X, 0011-135X
ST  - The Royal Commission on criminal justice: (2) The evidence recommendations
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/57570307?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>The Royal Commission on criminal justice: (2) The evidence recommendations</p>
N1  - <p>The Royal Commission on criminal justice: (2) The evidence recommendations</p>
KW  - UK
KW  - Criminal trials
KW  - Evidence
KW  - Reports
KW  - Royal commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Public Confidence in Criminal Justice: The Lessons from Miscarriages of Justice
AU  - Nobles, Richard
AU  - Schiff, David
T2  - Howard Journal of Criminal Justice
AB  - This article describes how the media understand miscarriages of justice, and how that understanding is distinct from the understanding of miscarriages of justice that determine the Court of Appeal's decisions and enable it to reach the conclusion that a conviction is unsafe. It demonstrates how at particular times the media construct a story of a 'crisis of public confidence' in the criminal justice system, how such a story is periodic and recurrent, and how attempts to control or reduce the likelihood of such a story being developed tend to be unsuccessful, or even counterproductive. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
SP  - 461
EP  - 471
SN  - 0265-5527, 0265-5527
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/60316590?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>Public Confidence in Criminal Justice: The Lessons from Miscarriages of Justice</p>
N1  - <p>Public Confidence in Criminal Justice: The Lessons from Miscarriages of Justice</p>
KW  - sociology of crime
KW  - *Legal System
KW  - *Public Support
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - State chemist high on the job jeopardized untold number of cases, report finds - The Boston Globe
AU  - Allen, Even
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Defense attorneys have pointed to the chemist’s alleged misdeeds for more than a year. Tuesday’s report provides the most detailed public portrait of her activities.
DA  - 2016/05//
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/05/03/state-chemist-high-job-jeopardized-untold-number-cases-report-finds/8BXJcKSpOaveHxdmKt6eoK/story.html
Y2  - 2017/05/02/15:33:17
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/05/03/state-chemist-high-job-jeopardized-untold-number-cases-report-finds/8BXJcKSpOaveHxdmKt6eoK/story.html
L2  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/05/03/state-chemist-high-job-jeopardized-untold-number-cases-report-finds/8BXJcKSpOaveHxdmKt6eoK/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - INTRASYSTEM GUIDELINES OF EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS DIVISIONS' WORK
AU  - Bunov, Yegor Georgiyevich
T2  - Criminology Journal of Baikal National University of Economics and Law
AB  - The paper describes the results of a sociological survey that studied the attitude of different groups of internal affairs divisions' employees to the actual results of their work; that specified its social reserves as well as studied the reaction of field workers to the state legal policy in Russia aimed at the socialization of the existing system of internal affairs divisions' work evaluation. Besides, the paper considers the way internal affairs divisions' employees understand the concept of "social effect" as well as the orientation of field workers in internal affairs divisions on public opinion and on socially important criteria of evaluating their work. The author suggests including active work on clarification of the principles of new paradigm for evaluation of internal affairs divisions' work to their employees when modernizing the criteria and indicators of evaluation system of police work in Russia. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
IS  - 3
SP  - 71
EP  - 76
SN  - 1996-7756, 1996-7756
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037884431?accountid=26333http://cj.isea.ru
N1  - <p>INTRASYSTEM GUIDELINES OF EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS DIVISIONS' WORK</p>
KW  - *Public Opinion
KW  - *Socialization
KW  - evaluation system of internal affairs divisions' work
KW  - social approaches
KW  - social efficiency
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Limits of Criminal Justice Reform
AU  - Renner, Nausicaa
T2  - Boston Review
AB  - Reducing prison populations isn’t enough. We need a new criminal system founded on priniciples of justice rather than fear of crime.
DA  - 2015/11/16/
PY  - 2015
M3  - Text
UR  - http://bostonreview.net/us/joseph-margulies-criminal-justice-transformation
Y2  - 2017/05/25/
L2  - http://bostonreview.net/us/joseph-margulies-criminal-justice-transformation
L2  - http://bostonreview.net/us/joseph-margulies-criminal-justice-transformation
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Former officer, advocates ask why Boston Common stabbing suspect was not locked up - The Boston Globe
AU  - Sacchetti, Maria
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The knife attack on the park rangers raised new questions about whether the state could have done more to protect the public from a man with a long and violent criminal record and a history of mental illness. Nothing stopped Bodio Hutchinson the night he ransacked his mother’s apartment and nearly set it on fire. Not two blasts from a bean-bag gun as he threatened police officers. Not hours of tense negotiations. Not even canisters of tear gas. Daniel Linskey, the police negotiator that night in March 2006, said that Hutchinson should have been committed to a mental facility years ago. Instead, he went on to brutally attack relatives, law-enforcement officers, and strangers, allegedly including two park rangers Tuesday in Boston Common.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/10/17/former-officer-advocates-ask-why-boston-common-stabbing-suspect-was-not-locked/BKNeg8RBwR7Ing6cLViIHN/story.html
Y2  - 2017/06/26/18:09:35
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Justice Department’s Report
AU  - Oppel
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A Justice Department investigation into the practices of the Baltimore police department found
DA  - 2016/08/09/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/09/us/document-Baltimore-P-D-Findings-Report-FINAL.html
Y2  - 2017/04/12/19:17:01
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/08/09/us/document-Baltimore-P-D-Findings-Report-FINAL.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How America's criminal justice system became the country's mental health system
AU  - Lopez, German
T2  - Vox
AB  - A story of how the criminal justice system neglects, abuses, and sometimes kills people with mental illness.
DA  - 2016/03/01/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.vox.com/2016/3/1/11134908/criminal-justice-mental-health
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:47:25
L2  - https://www.vox.com/2016/3/1/11134908/criminal-justice-mental-health
L2  - https://www.vox.com/2016/3/1/11134908/criminal-justice-mental-health
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Contextual bias and cross-contamination in the forensic sciences: the corrosive implications for investigations, plea bargains, trials and appeals
AU  - Edmond, Gary
AU  - Tangen, Jason M
AU  - Searston, Rachel A
AU  - Dror, Itiel E
T2  - Law, Probability and Risk
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
J2  - Law, Probability and Risk
SN  - 1470-8396
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LEARN AS YOU GO THROUGH THE AFTER ACTION REVIEW
AU  - Wright, Paul
T2  - Knowledge Management Review
AB  - Reports on developments relevant to knowledge management in the U.S. compiled as of March 1998. Development of the After Action Review by the Army; Link between learning and experience; Influence on organizational culture.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 4
SN  - 13697633
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=7004643&site=ehost-live
AN  - 7004643
N1  - <p>LEARN AS YOU GO THROUGH THE AFTER ACTION REVIEW<br/>Wright, Paul; Source Info: Mar/Apr98, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p4; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Subject Term: CORPORATE culture; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CORPORATE culture
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Should Hard-line Prosecutors Be Nervous?
AU  - Thompson, Christie
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - After voters oust two prosecutors for failing to hold police accountable, maybe.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-LpTd-gjYoI
DA  - 2016/03/17/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/03/16/should-hard-line-prosecutors-be-nervous
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:11:41
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/03/16/should-hard-line-prosecutors-be-nervous?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20160317-439#.QhIxVCq9Q
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/03/16/should-hard-line-prosecutors-be-nervous?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter&utm_source=opening-statement&utm_term=newsletter-20160317-439#.QhIxVCq9Q
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions and the Innocence Movement
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673007
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 4
EP  - 7
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673007
Y2  - 2017/01/25/
L4  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043986216673007
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens
AU  - Albright, D. Banks L. Broidy L. Crandall C. Campos G.
T2  - Homicide Studies
AB  - The multidisciplinary, interprofessional practice of fatality review is quickly becoming more methodologically sophisticated. However, the discussion of ethical issues related to fatality review has been limited to the topics of confidentiality and the ethical guidelines of participant professions. We propose that the work of fatality review teams is similar to the research practice of evaluation. Using the Guiding Principles of Evaluation recommended by the American Evaluation Association (AEA), this paper begins an exploration of potential ethical conundrums faced by domestic violence fatality review teams and identifies suggestions for ensuring that the teams have the necessary tools for ethical practice.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://hsx.sagepub.com/content/17/4/436.abstract?rss=1
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
N1  - <p>Ethical Conundrums in Fatality Review Planning, Data Collection, and Reporting: Viewing the Work of Review Teams Through the Lens</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘Systemic’ Lapses Found in Escape of 2 Killers From Dannemora Prison
AU  - Schwirtz, Michael
AU  - Winerip, Michael
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Guards testified they faked records to make it appear they were making rounds, but instead read books or did puzzles, a report said.
DA  - 2016/06/06/
PY  - 2016
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html
Y2  - 2017/04/18/18:04:11
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-break-was-aided-by-huge-security-lapses-report-says.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region%C2%AEion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&mtrref=undefined&gwh=80474D859BE7802E4875848EBC108386&gwt=pay
KW  - New York State
KW  - Prison Guards and Corrections Officers
KW  - Clinton Correctional Facility
KW  - Dannemora (NY)
KW  - Matt, Richard W (1967- )
KW  - Prison Escapes
KW  - Sweat, David P (1980- )
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer
AU  - Quirk, Hannah
T2  - Modern Law Review
AB  - This article examines two contrasting proposals for the reform of criminal appeals: the government's recent proposal that the guilty should no longer have their convictions quashed on technicalities; and calls by campaigners for the Court of Appeal to consider innocence rather than the safety of the conviction, together with their associated attempts to establish Innocence Projects in the UK. Despite the rhetorical power of innocence as a campaigning tool, it is contended that to import such a standard into the legal system would be retrogressive and counter-productive, both as a safeguard against wrongful convictions and in protecting the integrity of the system. In order to be meaningful, due process protections must apply to all. The government's proposals attack this principle directly; innocence campaigners risk unwittingly assisting their endeavours.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 70
IS  - 5
SP  - 759
EP  - 777
SN  - 00267961
UR  - 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00662.xhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=26260948&site=ehost-live
AN  - 26260948
N1  - <p>Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer<br/>Quirk, Hannah 1; Affiliation: 1: School of Law, University of Manchester; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 70 Issue 5, p759; Subject Term: APPELLATE procedure; Subject Term: CHANGE; Subject Term: INNOCENCE (Psychology); Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration; Subject Term: GUILT (Law); Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: TRUTH; Subject Term: GREAT Britain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Criminal Appeal Act 1968; Author-Supplied Keyword: Criminal Appeal Act 1995; Author-Supplied Keyword: Criminal Cases Review Commission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innocence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Miscarriages of Justice; Company/Entity: INNOCENCE Project; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - Conviction Integrity Units
KW  - Innocence Commissions
KW  - Miscarriages of justice
KW  - Innocence
KW  - GREAT Britain
KW  - APPELLATE procedure
KW  - CHANGE
KW  - Criminal Appeal Act 1968
KW  - Criminal Appeal Act 1995
KW  - Criminal Cases Review Commission
KW  - GUILT (Law)
KW  - INNOCENCE (Psychology)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The essence of groupthink
AU  - Stern, Eric
AU  - Sundelius, Bengt
T2  - International Studies Quarterly
AB  - Reviews the book `Groupthink in Government: A Study of Small Groups and Policy Failure,' by Paul 't Hart.
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
SN  - 00208833
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9502230813&site=ehost-live
AN  - 9502230813
N1  - <p>The essence of groupthink<br/>Stern, Eric Sundelius, Bengt; Source Info: Apr94 Supplement 1, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p101; Subject Term: BOOKS; Reviews & Products: GROUPTHINK in Government (Book); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Book Review</p>
N1  - <p>The essence of groupthink<br/>Stern, Eric Sundelius, Bengt; Source Info: Apr94 Supplement 1, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p101; Subject Term: BOOKS; Reviews & Products: GROUPTHINK in Government (Book); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Book Review</p>
KW  - BOOKS
KW  - GROUPTHINK in Government (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - WHAT DO THE NUMBERS TELL US ABOUT TEAM POLICING?
AU  - Hanley, D. M.
T2  - LAW AND ORDER, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 44-46, 48-50, JUNE 1980
AB  - THIS JOURNAL ARTICLE DESCRIBES THE TEAM POLICING CONCEPT USED IN INDIANAPOLIS ALONG WITH THE RESULTS FROM THE PROGRAM'S FIRST EVALUATION. VARIOUS TYPES OF TEAM POLICING SYSTEMS ARE USED: (1) A COMMANDER OVER THE PATROL FUNCTION DETERMING THE 24-HOUR MANPOWER DEPLOYMENT ON A DAILY BASIS; (2) A COMMANDER OVER THE PATROL AND INVESTIGATIONS FUNCTION FOR A SPECIFIC AREA; (3) EACH BEAT WITH A SET NUMBER OF MEN PROVIDING 24-HOUR PATROL; (4) PATROL FUNCTION DIVIDED BY TIME OF DAY WITH ALL PERSONNEL HAVING THE SAME DAYS OFF WITH HOURS OF WORK AND DAYS OFF STAGGERED; AND (5) COMPLETE POLICE SERVICE DELIVERED TO AN AREA CONTROLLED BY A COMMANDER. THE INDIANAPOLIS DEPARTMENT BEGAN TEAM POLICING IN 1976 AND EXPERIENCED ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS, SUCH AS PATROL OFFICERS ANSWERING TO DIFFERENT SUPERVISORS AT DIFFERENT TIMES AND PERSONS OF COMMAND RANK ANSWERING TO PERSONS OF THE SAME RANK. AFTER 14 MONTHS THE DEPARTMENT HANDED OUT QUESTIONAIRES AIMED AT DETERMINING POLICE TEAM PERSONNEL ATTITUDES TOWARD THE NEW CONCEPT. THERE WERE 330 RESPONSES TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE. COMMUNICATIONS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION OF THE 33 PERCENT RESPONDING TO THAT QUESTION. ALTHOUGH 52.1 PERCENT OF THE RESPONDENTS INDICATED THAT TEAM POLICING NEEDED SOME CHANGES, VERY FEW MADE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHANGES. THE MAJORITY OF PERSONNEL DID NOT PREFER TEAM POLICING TO A MORE TRADITIONAL ATMOSPHERE. OTHER CATEGORIES OF QUESTIONS DRAWING NEGATIVE COMMENTS WERE THOSE REGARDING ATTITUDE AND MORALE, EQUIPMENT, LEADERSHIP AND SUPERVISION, ORGANIZATION, AND LACK OF MANPOWER. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT TEAM POLICING NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THOSE WHO ARE TO ADMINISTER, SUPERVISE, AND EXECUTE THE PROGRAM. ADMINISTRATION PROBLEMS MUST BE CORRECTED. (JLF)
CY  - United States
DA  - 1980///
PY  - 1980
SP  - 6-6
UR  - http://search.proquest.com/docview/9791199?accountid=26333
N1  - <p>WHAT DO THE NUMBERS TELL US ABOUT TEAM POLICING?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR68617; 68617</p>
N1  - <p>WHAT DO THE NUMBERS TELL US ABOUT TEAM POLICING?<br/>Date revised - 2005-12-31 Last updated - 2012-09-06 DOI - NCJR68617; 68617</p>
KW  - Police management (04967)
KW  - Team policing (02060)
KW  - Police attitudes (04543)
KW  - Police command and control (02064)
KW  - Indiana (18000)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission: Uncommon Perspectives Joined by a Common Cause
AU  - Mumma, Christine C.
T2  - Drake Law Review
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 52
SP  - 647
J2  - Drake L. Rev.
ST  - The North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission
UR  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/drklr52&id=657&div=&collection=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/drklr52&div=31&id=&page=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/drklr52&div=31&id=&page=
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The problem with root cause analysis
AU  - Peerally, et al.
T2  - British Medical Journal Quality and Safety
AB  - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/early/2016/06/23/bmjqs-2016-005511
Attempts to learn from high-risk industries such as aviation and nuclear power have been a prominent feature of the patient safety movement since the late 1990s. One noteworthy practice adopted from such industries, endorsed by healthcare systems worldwide for the investigation of serious incidents,1–3 is root cause analysis (RCA). Broadly understood as a method of structured risk identification and management in the aftermath of adverse events,1 RCA is not a single technique. Rather, it describes a range of approaches and tools drawn from fields including human factors and safety science4 ,5 that are used to establish how and why an incident occurred in an attempt to identify how it, and similar problems, might be prevented from happening again.6 In this article, we propose that RCA does have potential value in healthcare, but it has been widely applied without sufficient attention paid to what makes it work in its contexts of origin, and without adequate customisation for the specifics of healthcare.7 ,8 As a result, its potential has remained under-realised7 and the phenomenon of organisational forgetting9 remains widespread (box 1). Here, we identify eight challenges facing the usage of RCA in healthcare and offer some proposals on how to improve learning from incidents.




https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/fHHxb8gFLE8
DA  - 2016/06/23/
PY  - 2016
IS  - Online First
UR  - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/early/2016/06/23/bmjqs-2016-005511.full.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Bronx Judge Vacates Conviction in Girl’s 1975 Killing
AU  - Santora, Marc
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - David Bryant, who was convicted in the murder of Karen Smith nearly 40 years ago, was released after a judge found his lawyer had provided a poor defense.
DA  - 2013/04/11/
PY  - 2013
DP  - NYTimes.com
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html
Y2  - 2017/02/23/18:31:58
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
L2  - http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/12/nyregion/bronx-judge-vacates-conviction-in-girls-1975-killing.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=0C06AE29696183778735971538154976&gwt=pay
KW  - Bronx (NYC)
KW  - Murders and Attempted Murders
KW  - Sex Crimes
KW  - Decisions and Verdicts
KW  - Auerbach, Paul I
KW  - Bryant, David
KW  - Child Abuse and Neglect
KW  - Marvin, Seth L
KW  - Smith, Karen
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Tulsa Commission on Community Policing Delivers 70 Recommendations
A2  - City of Tulsa
AB  - The community policing commission launched after the fatal shooting of an unarmed black man by a Tulsa police officer delivered its recommendations Friday.
CY  - Public Radio Tulsa
DA  - 2017/03/10/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.cityoftulsa.org/media/3637/community-policing-commission-executive-summary.pdf
Y2  - 2017/03/13/16:51:15
L2  - http://publicradiotulsa.org/post/tulsa-commission-community-policing-delivers-70-recommendations#stream/0
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Prison Problem
AU  - Brooks, David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The war on drugs and sentencing laws are often blamed for packed cells, but that explanation’s wrong, and the true causes are even harder to reverse.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vXZLmFEJMH8
DA  - 2015/09/29/
PY  - 2015
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/opinion/david-brooks-the-prison-problem.html
Y2  - 2017/05/25/18:16:59
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/opinion/david-brooks-the-prison-problem.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8219E5ED46E439224EFA9AAC162C4268&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/opinion/david-brooks-the-prison-problem.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=opinion-c-col-right-region%C2%AEion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region&mtrref=undefined&gwh=8219E5ED46E439224EFA9AAC162C4268&gwt=pay&assetType=opinion
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Brooklyn pres. wants state help in 'wrongful convictions crisis'
AU  - Fleischer, Tim
T2  - ABC7 New York
AB  - The announcement comes just days after the July 12 release of 43-year-old Jabbar Washington, a wrongfully convicted Brooklyn man who spent 20 years in prison for a 1995 robbery and shooting in Brownsville.
DA  - 2017/07/18/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://abc7ny.com/2230027/
Y2  - 2017/07/25/16:14:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Problem‐oriented policing in practice
AU  - Cordner, Gary
AU  - Biebel, Elizabeth Perkins
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 180
J2  - Criminology & Public Policy
SN  - 1745-9133
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police & Society
AU  - Novak, Kenneth J
AU  - Cordner, Gary W
AU  - Smith, Brad W
AU  - Roberg, Roy R
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - Oxford University Press
SN  - 0-19-063921-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police culture: individual and organizational differences in police officer perspectives
AU  - Cordner, Gary
AU  - Cordner, Gary
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 25
J2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
SN  - 1363-951X
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Measuring Police Unit Performance
AU  - Cordner, Gary
T2  - Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
SP  - 3037
EP  - 3047
PB  - Springer
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police Integrity and Accountability in Philadelphia: Predicting and Assessing Police Misconduct. National Institute of Justice
AU  - Greene, JR
AU  - Piquero, AR
AU  - Hickman, MJ
AU  - Lawton, BA
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police and community in Chicago: a tale of three cities
AU  - Greene, Jack R
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
SN  - 1043-9463
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Expanding the measurement of police integrity
AU  - Hickman, Matthew J
AU  - Piquero, Alex R
AU  - Powell, Zachary A
AU  - Greene, Jack
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 246
EP  - 267
J2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
SN  - 1363-951X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age, risk assessment, and sanctioning: Overestimating the old, underestimating the young.
AU  - Monahan, John
AU  - Skeem, Jennifer
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher
T2  - Law and human behavior
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 191
J2  - Law and human behavior
SN  - 1573-661X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Performance of recidivism risk assessment instruments in US correctional settings.
AU  - Desmarais, Sarah L
AU  - Johnson, Kiersten L
AU  - Singh, Jay P
T2  - Psychological services
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 206
J2  - Psychological services
SN  - 1939-148X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - When Frontloading Backfires: Exploring the Impact of Outsourcing Correctional Interventions on Mechanisms of Social Control
AU  - Ostermann, Michael
AU  - Hyatt, Jordan M
T2  - Law & Social Inquiry
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
J2  - Law & Social Inquiry
SN  - 1747-4469
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patterns of Errors
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L
T2  - Harv. L. Rev. F.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 130
SP  - 287
J2  - Harv. L. Rev. F.
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - The state of police education: Policy direction for the 21st century
AU  - Carter, David L
AU  - Sapp, Allen D
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
PB  - Police Executive Research Forum Washington, DC
SN  - 1-878734-00-8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Community problem-oriented policing: Measuring impacts
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
T2  - Quantifying quality in policing
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
SP  - 95
EP  - 129
J2  - Quantifying quality in policing
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Beyond command and control: The strategic management of police departments
AU  - Moore, Mark Harrison
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
DA  - 1991///
PY  - 1991
PB  - Police Executive Research Forum Washington, DC
SN  - 1-878734-25-3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The prosecutor as minister of justice: preaching to the unconverted from the post-conviction pulpit
AU  - Medwed, Daniel S
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Police shot and killed a man while trying to serve a warrant — at the wrong house
AU  - Wootson Jr., Cleve R.
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - One officer shot at whoever was pointing a gun at police from behind a door. When the dust settled, they realized they had the wrong house.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/paCRNrcorfk
DA  - 2017/07/26/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Post Nation
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/07/26/police-shot-and-killed-a-man-while-trying-to-serve-a-warrant-at-the-wrong-house/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In the Bronx, Fighting for the Right to Play
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Through community effort, a street for fun and games, a summer tradition cut by City Hall, reopened in time for hot summer days.
DA  - 2017/07/20/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/nyregion/in-the-bronx-fighting-for-the-right-to-play.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - America’s New Breed of Prosecutors
AU  - Reiss, Meg
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Prosecutors across the U.S. are taking important steps to remedythe disproportionate impact that the criminal justice system has on marginalized communities.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/VFHugMySb6M
DA  - 2017/07/24/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/07/24/americas-new-breed-of-prosecutors/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk assessment tools in criminal justice and forensic psychiatry: the need for better data
AU  - Douglas, T
AU  - Pugh, J
AU  - Singh, I
AU  - Savulescu, J
AU  - Fazel, S
T2  - European Psychiatry
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 42
SP  - 134
EP  - 137
J2  - European Psychiatry
SN  - 0924-9338
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Understanding firearms assaults against law enforcement officers in the United States
AU  - Kuhns, Joseph B
AU  - Dolliver, Diana
AU  - Bent, Emily
AU  - Maguire, Edward R
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
PB  - Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, US Department of Justice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Higher education as a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) for police: A blueprint
AU  - Carter, David L
AU  - Sapp, Allen D
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
T2  - Am. J. Police
DA  - 1988///
PY  - 1988
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
J2  - Am. J. Police
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring what matters
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
T2  - MEASURING WHAT MATTERS
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
SP  - 55
J2  - MEASURING WHAT MATTERS
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Problem Solving: Problem-Oriented Policing in Newport News. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum
AU  - Eck, JE
AU  - Spelman, W
AU  - Hill, D
AU  - Stephens, DW
AU  - Stedman, JR
AU  - Murphy, GR
T2  - Goldstein, H.(1990), Problem-oriented Policing, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York
DA  - 1987///
PY  - 1987
J2  - Goldstein, H.(1990), Problem-oriented Policing, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing the impact of research on police practice
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
T2  - Police Practice and Research: An International Journal
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 150
EP  - 154
J2  - Police Practice and Research: An International Journal
SN  - 1561-4263
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The zeal deal: Prosecutorial resistance to post-conviction claims of innocence
AU  - Medwed, Daniel S
T2  - BUL rev.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 84
SP  - 125
J2  - BUL rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The New Prosecutor's Dilemma: Prosecutorial Ethics and the Evaluation of Actual Innocence
AU  - Boehm, Dana Carver
T2  - Utah L. Rev.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
SP  - 613
J2  - Utah L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The prosecutor and post-conviction claims of innocence: DNA and beyond
AU  - Gingsburg, Douglas H
AU  - Hunt, Hyland
T2  - OhiO st. J. Crim. l.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 7
SP  - 771
J2  - OhiO st. J. Crim. l.
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward
AU  - National Research Council
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - National Academies Press
SN  - 0-309-13130-8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - International perspectives on forensic DNA databases
AU  - Asplen, C
AU  - Lane, Smith Alling
T2  - Forensic Sci Int
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 146
IS  - Suppl
SP  - S119
EP  - S121
J2  - Forensic Sci Int
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identifying the predictors of pretrial failure: A meta-analysis
AU  - Bechtel, Kristin
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Holsinger, Alex
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 75
SP  - 78
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing the effectiveness of correctional programming through the risk principle: Identifying offenders for residential placement
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Latessa, Edward J
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
SP  - 263
EP  - 290
J2  - Criminology & Public Policy
SN  - 1745-9133
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does Change in Risk Matter?
AU  - Cohen, Thomas H
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - VanBenschoten, Scott W
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 263
EP  - 296
J2  - Criminology & Public Policy
SN  - 1745-9133
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting recidivism with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) in community-supervised male and female federal offenders.
AU  - Walters, Glenn D
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
T2  - Psychological assessment
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 652
J2  - Psychological assessment
SN  - 1939-134X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk, race, & recidivism: Predictive bias and disparate impact (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2687339). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network
AU  - Skeem, JL
AU  - Lowenkamp, CT
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - PCRA revisited: Testing the validity of the Federal Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA).
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Holsinger, Alexander M
AU  - Cohen, Thomas H
T2  - Psychological services
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 149
J2  - Psychological services
SN  - 1939-148X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Supervision of Low-Risk Federal Offenders: How the Low-Risk Policy Has Changed Federal Supervision Practices with Compromising Community Safety
AU  - Cohen, Thomas H
AU  - Cook, David
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 3
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Real-World Application of the Risk Principle: Is It Possible in the Field of Probation
AU  - VanBenschoten, Scott W
AU  - Bentley, John
AU  - Gregoire, Nancy Beatty
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 3
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of pretrial detention on sentencing in two federal districts
AU  - Oleson, JC
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Cadigan, Timothy P
AU  - VanNostrand, Marie
AU  - Wooldredge, John
T2  - Justice Quarterly
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
SP  - 1103
EP  - 1122
J2  - Justice Quarterly
SN  - 0741-8825
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The sentencing consequences of federal pretrial supervision
AU  - Oleson, James C
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Wooldredge, John
AU  - VanNostrand, Marie
AU  - Cadigan, Timothy P
T2  - Crime & Delinquency
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
SP  - 313
EP  - 333
J2  - Crime & Delinquency
SN  - 0011-1287
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence for risk estimate precision: Implications for individual risk communication
AU  - Harris, Grant T
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Hilton, N Zoe
T2  - Behavioral sciences & the law
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 111
EP  - 127
J2  - Behavioral sciences & the law
SN  - 1099-0798
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A meta-analytic review of pretrial research: Risk assessment, bond type, and interventions
AU  - Bechtel, Kristin
AU  - Holsinger, Alexander M
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Warren, Madeline J
T2  - American Journal of Criminal Justice
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
SP  - 443
EP  - 467
J2  - American Journal of Criminal Justice
SN  - 1066-2316
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using a Multi-Level Risk Assessment to Inform Case Planning and Risk Management: Implications for Officers
AU  - Serin, Ralph C
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Johnson, James L
AU  - Trevino, Patricia
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 10
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing Community Supervision through the Application of Dynamic Risk Assessment
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
AU  - Johnson, James L
AU  - Trevino, Patricia
AU  - Serin, Ralph
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 16
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder to Machine Bias: There's Software Used across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And It's Biased against Blacks
AU  - Flores, Anthony W
AU  - Bechtel, Kristin
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T
T2  - Fed. Probation
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 38
J2  - Fed. Probation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Facing the unfaceable: Dealing with prosecutorial denial in postconviction cases of actual innocence
AU  - Orenstein, Aviva
T2  - San Diego L. Rev.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 48
SP  - 401
J2  - San Diego L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - My Reputation or Your Liberty (or Your Life): The Ethical Obligations of Criminal Defense Counsel in Postconviction Proceedings
AU  - Siegel, David M
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Role of Prosecutors in Serving Justice After Convictions
AU  - Zacharias, Fred C
T2  - Vand. L. Rev.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 58
SP  - 171
J2  - Vand. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police administration
AU  - Cordner, Gary W
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 1-317-44860-X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The unfortunate demise of police education
AU  - Cordner, Gary
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 485
EP  - 496
J2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
SN  - 1051-1253
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 118510627; Cordner, Gary; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p485; Subject Term: POLICE education; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice education; Subject Term: CRIMINOLOGY education in universities & colleges; Subject Term: POLICE; Subject Term: POLICE -- Discipline; Subject Term: POLICE training; Subject: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Essay</p>
KW  - POLICE
KW  - POLICE training
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - POLICE education
KW  - POLICE -- Discipline
KW  - CRIMINAL justice education
KW  - CRIMINOLOGY education in universities & colleges
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police supervision: perspectives of subordinates
AU  - Cronin, Shea
AU  - Cronin, Shea
AU  - McDevitt, Jack
AU  - McDevitt, Jack
AU  - Cordner, Gary
AU  - Cordner, Gary
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 26
EP  - 41
J2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
SN  - 1363-951X
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police reform from the bottom up: officers and their unions as agents of change
AU  - Marks, Monique
AU  - Sklansky, David
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 1-317-99549-X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police discretion and its control
AU  - Cordner, Gary
AU  - Scott, Michael S
T2  - Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
SP  - 3587
EP  - 3596
J2  - Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice
SN  - 1461456894
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Use and Effectiveness of Problem-Oriented Policing
AU  - Brandon, Dan
T2  - Inquiries Journal
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 7
IS  - 04
J2  - Inquiries Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - New directions in policing: Balancing prediction and meaning in police research
AU  - Greene, Jack R
T2  - Justice quarterly
AB  - Police research has developed and matured over the past 100 years. The richness of the police research tapestry gives it gravitas precisely because of its many underlying theoretical linkages as well as differing ways of understanding the police and policing. In recent years, police research has become tied to ideas of evidence; rooted in experimental methods and addressing instrumental questions. The rise of the “medical model” in police research has important implications for what we know, yet adoption of this model has shifted the discourse on police research creating a narrow “cognitive lens” through which to judge policing and police research. This essay considers what we have come to know about the police, how multiple theoretical and methodological vantage points add value to understanding policing, and calls for a broader and more ecumenical approach to police research, including the use of mixed methods to enhance research on the police.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 193
EP  - 228
J2  - Justice quarterly
SN  - 0741-8825
N1  - <p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Despite improvements to police research, the most recent and broadly cast assessment of “what we know” was, to say the least, disappointing (Skogan & Frydl, </span><span class="ref-lnk" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07418825.2013.840389#" data-rid="CIT0117" data-reflink="_i13">2004</a><span class="ref-overlay scrollable-ref open" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 0.9rem; position: fixed; background-color: white; top: 250px; right: 0px; width: 337.25px; z-index: 200; padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 3rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 6px 0px;"><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Skogan, <span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">W. G.</span></span>, & <span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Frydl, <span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">K.</span></span> (<span class="NLM_year" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2004</span>). <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Fairness and effectiveness of policing: The evidence</em>. <span class="NLM_publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Washington, DC</span>: <span class="NLM_publisher-name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">The National Academies Press</span>.<span class="ref-links" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;"> <span class="googleScholar-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline;"><a class="google-scholar" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block;" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2004&author=W.+G.+Skogan&author=K.+Frydl&title=Fairness+and+effectiveness+of+policing%3A+The+evidence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[Google Scholar]</a></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">). This “knowledge gap” is perhaps associated with research design issues as mentioned in the report, but also the consequence of government sponsorship of programs on short timelines and with restricted agendas and resources. But, another way to think about this gap in knowledge is to focus on what appears to be a “meaning gap;” that is, in our zeal to pursue the more “scientific” aspects of research on the police, we have often settled for statistical results-absent contextual meaning; resulting in the pursuit of Durkheim’s social facts without the associated social interpretation.</span></p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The orthodoxy of experimentation has now become the assumed “holy grail” for police research and for police problem-solving. And, while there are clearly benefits to experimentation about what impacts the police have in their crime fighting and order maintenance activities, such approaches cannot speak to the wider range of issues, units of analysis, and possible methodologies that can be used to study the complexities of the police. Here, it is important to note that much of police activity is not crime-focused; ranges in the estimated amount of time the police spend in crime-focused activities are broad, between 30 and 50% (see Bayley, </span><span class="ref-lnk" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07418825.2013.840389#" data-rid="CIT0006" data-reflink="_i13">1998</a><span class="ref-overlay scrollable-ref" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 0.9rem; position: fixed; background-color: white; top: 250px; right: -404.688px; width: 337.25px; z-index: 200; padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 3rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 6px 0px;"><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bayley, <span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">D. H.</span></span> (<span class="NLM_year" style="box-sizing: border-box;">1998</span>). <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">What works in policing?</em>. <span class="NLM_publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: border-box;">New York, NY</span>: <span class="NLM_publisher-name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Oxford University Press</span>.<span class="ref-links" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;"> <span class="googleScholar-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline;"><a class="google-scholar" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block;" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=1998&author=D.+H.+Bayley&title=What+works+in+policing%3F" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[Google Scholar]</a></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">; Greene & Klockars, </span><span class="ref-lnk" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><a style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07418825.2013.840389#" data-rid="CIT0056" data-reflink="_i13">1991</a><span class="ref-overlay scrollable-ref" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; font-size: 0.9rem; position: fixed; background-color: white; top: 250px; right: -404.688px; width: 337.25px; z-index: 200; padding: 2rem 2rem 2rem 3rem; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 6px 0px;"><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Greene, <span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">J. R.</span></span>, & <span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Klockars, <span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">C. B.</span></span> (<span class="NLM_year" style="box-sizing: border-box;">1991</span>). <span class="NLM_chapter-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">What police do</span>. In <span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">C. B.</span> Klockars</span>, & <span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="NLM_given-names" style="box-sizing: border-box;">S. D.</span> Mastrofski</span> (Eds.), <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Thinking about police</em> ( ed.). (pp. <span class="NLM_fpage" style="box-sizing: border-box;">273</span>–<span class="NLM_lpage" style="box-sizing: border-box;">284</span>). <span class="NLM_publisher-loc" style="box-sizing: border-box;">New York, NY</span>: <span class="NLM_publisher-name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">McGraw-Hill</span>.<span class="ref-links" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;"> <span class="googleScholar-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline;"><a class="google-scholar" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: #10147e; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block;" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=1991&pages=273-284&author=J.+R.+Greene&author=C.+B.+Klockars&title=What+police+do" target="_blank" rel="noopener">[Google Scholar]</a></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">). It is also important to say that much of what we actually do know about the police today is not the result of experimentation.</span></p>
KW  - policing
KW  - Evidence Based Policy
KW  - evidence-based policing
KW  - mixed methods research
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exploring the viability of an attitudes toward ethical behavior scale in understanding police integrity outcomes
AU  - Hickman, Matthew J
AU  - Powell, Zachary A
AU  - Piquero, Alex R
AU  - Greene, Jack
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 319
EP  - 337
J2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
SN  - 1363-951X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Revisiting the Classics: Police and Community in Chicago: A Tale of Three Cities: Wesley Skogan
AU  - Greene, Jack R
T2  - Policing and Society
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 548
EP  - 554
J2  - Policing and Society
SN  - 1043-9463
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Zero tolerance and policing
AU  - Greene, Jack R
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A CRITICAL LOOK AT CRIME AND POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES: UNDERSTANDING RECENT SPIKES AND LONGER TRENDS IN AMERICAN MURDERS
AU  - Fagan, Jeffrey
AU  - Richman, Daniel
T2  - Colum. L. Rev.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 117
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1355
J2  - Colum. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Cheating Accusations Among Officers Overseeing Nuclear Arms - The New York Times
AU  - Cooper, Helene
T2  - New York Times
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vBB73Zcxse8
DA  - 2014/01/15/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/us/politics/air-force-suspends-34-at-nuclear-sites-over-test-cheating.html?hpw&rref=us&_r=0
Y2  - 2017/07/27/18:21:35
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Case of Innocence, With Missteps Seemingly at Every Turn
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - After a man was shot, the police traced a cellphone number and arrested a woman. But the victim himself had misdialed the number.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/qCiFWItj-zQ
DA  - 2014/01/23/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/nyregion/a-case-of-innocence-with-police-missteps-seemingly-at-every-turn.html
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Blyden, Malisha
KW  - Johnson, Latisha
KW  - New York City
KW  - Robberies and Thefts
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - More implicated in nuclear cheating scandal - The Boston Globe
AU  - Associated Press
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - WASHINGTON (AP) — Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James said Thursday the number of nuclear force officers implicated in a proficiency test cheating scandal has grown to 92 out of a force of 500. James spoke to reporters after touring nuclear bases around the country. The cheating has been found at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana. The Associated Press has revealed the overall nuclear force suffers from such low morale and burnout that they have committed serious security lapses and other breakdowns.
DA  - 2014/01/30/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/01/30/more-implicated-nuclear-cheating-scandal/045dMN4cOaALrTJywDsW3H/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Exonerations On The Rise, And Not Just Because Of DNA
AU  - Sullivan, Laura
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - Last year, a record number of people were exonerated for crimes in the U.S. Retesting of DNA evidence was once the primary force, but now experts say it's because prosecutors and police are reinvestigating old crimes — and learning that they sometimes got the wrong man.
DA  - 2014/02/04/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2014/02/04/271120630/exonerations-on-the-rise-and-not-just-because-of-dna
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Daley didn't intervene in nephew's case
AU  - Taylor, G. Flint
T2  - Chicago Tribune
AB  - "Holy crap, maybe the mayor's nephew is involved." - Chicago police Lt. Richard Rybicki, recalling an early conversation with a supervisor about a fatal confrontation between David Koschman...
DA  - 2014/02/05/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-02-05/opinion/ct-vanecko-edit-0205-20140205_1_richard-vanecko-david-koschman-daley
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Banality of Wrongful Executions
AU  - Garrett, Brandon
T2  - Michigan Law Review
DA  - 2014/04/01/
PY  - 2014
VL  - 112
IS  - 6
SP  - 979
EP  - 992
SN  - 0026-2234
UR  - http://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol112/iss6/7
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Except For That One Thing
AU  - This American Life
T2  - This American Life
AB  - A clerical error allowed a convicted man to walk free for 13 years. Then the justice system realized its mistake.
DA  - 2014/02/14/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/518/except-for-that-one-thing
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Man Framed by Detective Will Get $6.4 Million From New York City After Serving 23 Years for Murder
AU  - Robles, Frances
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The settlement of a claim filed by David Ranta was made by the comptroller’s office because of overwhelming evidence, lawyers said.
DA  - 2014/02/20/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/nyregion/man-framed-by-new-york-detective-to-get-6-4-million-without-filing-suit.html
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Scarcella, Louis
KW  - Hynes, Charles J
KW  - New York City
KW  - Office of the Comptroller (NYC)
KW  - Ranta, David
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Annie Dookhan was ‘sole bad actor’ at state drug lab, probe finds - The Boston Globe
AU  - Valencia, Milton
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/03/04/inspector-general-release-report-state-lab-where-annie-dookhan-worked/zrPYkVIVt1gsLh4eWLgX1H/story.html
Y2  - 2017/07/27/18:49:20
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Flawed Convictions: "Shaken Baby Syndrome" and the Inertia of Injustice - Deborah Tuerkheimer - Google Books
AU  - Tuerkheimer, Deborah
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/XdecdXXKPUg
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tWDwAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=9LlgdgG0My&sig=re3rmUVoB2kclKEmn8XxPCj4pEw#v=onepage&q&f=false
Y2  - 2017/07/27/19:03:06
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - False Conviction by Jim Dwyer
A2  - Touch Press
A2  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - "False Conviction puts the criminal justice system under the microscope and reveals its flaws in shocking detail."
-- John Grisham

"Jim Dwyer's new book is a revelation. I feel I've not only seen the future, but am immersed in the details of these tragic cases of false convictions."
-- Ken Burns

From New York Times journalist Jim Dwyer comes False Conviction: a collection of gripping true stories about innocent people convicted for crimes they did not commit.

This extraordinary multi-media production from Touch Press, in association with The Innocence Project and The New York Hall of Science, invites you to experience first-hand the ordinary ways such shocking mistakes can happen, and shows us how we can—and must—do better.

To buy the book from the iBooks Store follow this link: http://bit.ly/FalseConvictionYT
DA  - 2014/03/06/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMx4gT64JxI
Y2  - 2017/07/27/19:05:12
KW  - crime
KW  - justice
KW  - ebook
KW  - false conviction
KW  - ibooks
KW  - interactive book
KW  - Jim Dwyer
KW  - made for ibooks
KW  - New York Hall Of Science (Museum)
KW  - The Innocence Project (TV Program)
KW  - touch press
KW  - true crime
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Sacramento police confrontation leaves man with severe brain damage
AU  - Chabria, Anita
T2  - The Sacramento Bee
AB  - A methamphetamine user with a troubled past, John Hernandez was behaving strangely enough in a Sacramento drug store parking lot for two people to call 911 on a recent weekday afternoon.
DA  - 2017/03/29/
PY  - 2017
DP  - Sacramento Bee
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0890-5738
UR  - http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article141343523.html
Y2  - 2017/07/28/15:51:53
KW  - California
KW  - addict
KW  - baton
KW  - beaten
KW  - brain damage
KW  - CA
KW  - coma
KW  - cops
KW  - debbie hernandez
KW  - drugs
KW  - el dorado county
KW  - excited delirium
KW  - john hernandez
KW  - meth
KW  - methamphetamine
KW  - police
KW  - Sacramento
KW  - taser
KW  - use of force
KW  - vegetative
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Hingham police say a fatal standoff unfolded - The Boston Globe
AU  - Russell, Jenna
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Incident reports released this week revealed new details about the 10-hour standoff that ended with the suicide of a 26-year-old man at his family’s home.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/tz6oGeMh_Lk
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/07/27/how-hingham-police-say-fatal-standoff-unfolded/Fa2Ae84d5q8kNO4ww3genO/story.html
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Ottawa police to convene civilian panel to review handling of sex-assault cases
AU  - Laucius, Joanne E.
T2  - Ottawa Sun
AB  - The Ottawa police will convene a civilian panel this fall to review the way sexual assault cases have been investigated, with an eye to improving police procedures. The so-called “Philadelphia model” of oversight is considered to have improved the way police handle sexual assault complaints in Philadelphia, where similar panels have conducted reviews

http://www.ottawasun.com/2017/07/27/ottawa-police-to-convene-civilian-panel-to-review-handling-of-sex-assault-cases
DA  - 2017/07/27/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.ottawasun.com/2017/07/27/ottawa-police-to-convene-civilian-panel-to-review-handling-of-sex-assault-cases?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=recommend-button&utm_campaign=Ottawa police to convene civilian panel to review handling of sex-assault cases
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Too Quick to Shoot? | The Crime Report
AU  - Chabria, Anita
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - An investigation published this month by The Sacramento Bee found that officers in suburban Citrus Heights (population 87,000) lead California in the per capita rate of shooting deaths at the hands of cops.
DA  - 2017/03/24/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/03/24/too-quick-to-shoot/
Y2  - 2017/07/28/16:51:23
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Case rethinking: a protocol for reviewing criminal investigations
AU  - Rossmo, D. Kim
T2  - Police Practice and Research
AB  - Mistakes in decision-making have been identified as the most common type of error in police investigations. Consequently, wrongful convictions and other types of criminal investigative failure may require a complete case ‘rethinking,’ particularly when new evidence disrupts the existing theory. A rush to judgment resulting in a premature shift from an evidence-based to a suspect-based investigation can produce a number of problematic thinking errors. Faulty assumptions, tunnel vision, groupthink, and other cognitive biases and organizational traps hinder evidentiary interpretation and evaluation. This article outlines a protocol for reviewing evidence and rethinking a wrongful conviction or unsolved crime when the existing investigative theory appears to be incorrect. The protocol involves four stages: (1) evidence; (2) interpretation; (3) patterns; and (4) analysis.
DA  - 2016/05/03/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1080/15614263.2014.978320
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 212
EP  - 228
SN  - 1561-4263
ST  - Case rethinking
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.978320
Y2  - 2017/07/31/14:56:09
KW  - cold cases
KW  - criminal investigation
KW  - criminal investigative failures
KW  - police detectives
KW  - wrongful convictions
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Hell Is Trying to Visit My Jailed Client
AU  - Lee, John
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - At Rikers, it uses up a day. At the courthouse? Don’t hold your breath.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/X5pbyfk3qbs
DA  - 2017/07/28/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/07/27/hell-is-trying-to-visit-my-jailed-client
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How many more parents do I have to tell that their children are dead?
AU  - Scalea, Thomas
T2  - Washington Post
DA  - 2017/07/28/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-to-break-baltimores-cycle-of-violence/2017/07/28/54f7fa7e-632a-11e7-84a1-a26b75ad39fe_story.html?utm_term=.87109282accd
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - She Was Convicted of Killing Her Mother. Prosecutors Withheld the Evidence That Would Have Freed Her.
AU  - Bazelon, Emily
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - By the time Noura Jackson’s conviction was overturned, she had spent nine years in prison. This type of prosecutorial error is almost never punished.
DA  - 2017/08/01/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/magazine/she-was-convicted-of-killing-her-mother-prosecutors-withheld-the-evidence-that-would-have-freed-her.html
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Prosecutorial Misconduct
KW  - District Attorneys
KW  - Jackson, Jennifer (d 2005)
KW  - Jackson, Noura
KW  - Jones, Stephen P
KW  - Memphis (Tenn)
KW  - Weirich, Amy
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The paradox of human expertise: why experts can get it wrong
AU  - Dror, I
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 0-521-11557-4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Casey Anthony Trial and Wrongful Exonerations: How Trial by Media Cases Diminish Public Confidence in the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Battaglia, Nicholas A
T2  - Alb. L. Rev.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 75
SP  - 1579
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigators’ decision making
AU  - Ask, Karl
AU  - Alison, Laurence
T2  - Forensic psychology in context: Nordic and international perspectives
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 35
EP  - 55
J2  - Forensic psychology in context: Nordic and international perspectives
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigating industrial investigation: examining the impact of a priori knowledge and tunnel vision education.
AU  - MacLean, Carla L
AU  - Brimacombe, CA
AU  - Lindsay, D Stephen
T2  - Law and human behavior
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 37
IS  - 6
SP  - 441
J2  - Law and human behavior
SN  - 1573-661X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Critical review in criminal investigation: evaluation of a measure to prevent tunnel vision
AU  - Salet, Renze
AU  - Terpstra, Jan
T2  - Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 50
J2  - Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
SN  - 1752-4520
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Seattle Law Firm Peterson Wampold Rosato Feldman Luna Uncovers DNA Match for 1995 Yakima Rape Case; Victim’s Brother-in-Law Implicated in Crime
AU  - Anonymous
AB  - The civil attorneys for a man exonerated of a rape conviction revealed the identity of another man whose DNA was recovered from the crime scene.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/DfnKNOP_hmg
DA  - 2017/08/01/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170801006812/en/Seattle-Law-Firm-Peterson-Wampold-Rosato-Feldman
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A Microscope on Harvard, but a Shrug at Injustice on the Street - The New York Times
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1YGMCfCEnMk/8GFL-hcYBgAJ;context-place=forum/criminal-justice-sentinel-events
DA  - 2017/08/04/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/03/nyregion/a-microscope-on-harvard-but-a-shrug-at-injustice-on-the-street.html?rref=collection/sectioncollection/nyregion&action=click&contentCollection=nyregion®ion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=5&pgtype=sectionfront
Y2  - 2017/08/04/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Wrongful Convictions Are Set Right, but Few Fingers Get Pointed
AU  - Feuer, Alan
T2  - New York Times
AB  - “The accountability thing is often what stops people from embracing this process,” said John Hollway, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School who studies wrongful convictions. “They think that accountability means punishment, but it can also mean improving the system.”


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/gmshYCvm3Js
DA  - 2017/07/07/
PY  - 2017
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How to Accident-Proof the Police
AU  - Kennedy, Pagan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Police officers should not be more dangerous than airplanes.

Mr. Bell is still pushing for reform, touring Wisconsin with graphs and charts — think of him as the Al Gore of police shootings. In meetings in legislative offices, he explains that a proven method to improve safety already exists in the fields of medicine, nuclear power and aviation. Engineers call it an “external-learning system.”
DA  - 2017/08/11/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/opinion/sunday/traffic-stop-police-accident.html
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Bell, Michael E (1983-2004)
KW  - National Transportation Safety Board
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - 'Ghost Of The Innocent Man' Chronicles Justice Too Long Delayed
AU  - Toll, Mary Ann
AB  - Martha Anne Toll is the Executive Director of the Butler Family Fund; her writing is at www.marthaannetoll.com. Innocence cases spotlight the many
DA  - 2017/08/13/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://apr.org/post/ghost-innocent-man-chronicles-justice-too-long-delayed
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How Risk Affects Your Ability to Lead
AU  - Hill, Chief Lauretta
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - For the past couple of decades, law enforcement executives in the United States have seen an increase in the monitoring of their operations by local civil rights organizations and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). In the last 10 years, the DOJ has opened 25 investigations into alleged civil rights violations by law enforcement officers or agencies. Currently, the DOJ is enforcing 20 agreements with law enforcement agencies, including 15 consent decrees and one post-judgment order. With this increased scrutiny, law enforcement executives face the dilemma of increased outside scrutiny for their policies and procedures and internal calls from police unions and associations to stand by accused officers. Striking this balance while setting organizational priorities can lead to decreased scrutiny and reduced liability exposure.
This volatile environment demands that law enforcement executives examine the high-risk areas within their organizations before they are exposed by external groups. When external groups such as the DOJ are asked to initiate investigations, the law enforcement agencies in question endure both financial expenses and more intangible costs such as damage to community-police relationships. The cost of monitoring and fulfilling agreed-upon reforms of a consent decree is part of the active discussion occurring around the United States among law enforcement executives. Cities estimate the cost of monitoring alone at approximately $1 million per year, not including expenses associated with hiring, new equipment, and training. The cost of a fractured relationship with the community is more difficult to measure, but the societal costs could linger for decades.
DA  - 2017/08//
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/risk-affects-ability-lead/
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Risk Management: A Key Component in Public Safety
AU  - Wicks, Chief Mathies
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - In a memo addressed to Berkshire Hathaway managers, Warren Buffet stated, “Culture, more than rule books, determines how an organization behaves.”1 When it comes to risk management (RM) in law enforcement, the same concept applies. RM protocol is one of the most important components in law enforcement and public safety, both in the daily administrative mayhem and operational duties. RM in law enforcement certainly encompasses policies and regulations protecting peace officers and their agencies from lawsuits stemming from an array of risks, but, as indicated, it is more than the textual language in documents and policies. It is also the contextual factors (environmental, social, and cognitive) that influenced the language—the story behind everything. Law enforcement personnel at all levels need to see RM efforts as doing what is right for the agency and the community.
DA  - 2017/08/02/
PY  - 2017
ST  - Risk Management
UR  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/risk-management-key-component-public-safety/
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Risk Management Through Fatigue Management
AU  - Dowling
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - Think back on the last time you rested. Did you get at least seven hours of uninterrupted sleep, and, if so, did you get the same amount of rest the last nine times you slept? If the answer to either of these questions is “no,” then it is likely you are suffering from some amount of fatigue—and you are not alone. Fatigue is ever present in the law enforcement profession, so much so that many officers’ bodies have become accustomed to operating in a constant state of fatigue, which leads to increased risk. Understanding why law enforcement officers are likely suffering from fatigue, the impact of fatigue on officers’ performance, and what agency leaders can do to mitigate the risks associated with sleep loss, is key to managing the risks associated with fatigue.
Adequate sleep is defined as between seven and eight hours of restful, restorative sleep each night. However, studies show that officers are not getting this much rest. In 2009, Dr. Bryan Villa, a former police officer and leading researcher in police officer performance and sleep deprivation, reported that “[m]ore than half of police officers fail to get adequate rest... More than 90 percent report being routinely fatigued, and 85 percent report driving while drowsy.” In 2015, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention labeled sleep deprivation as “an important public health concern.”
DA  - 2017/08/01/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/risk-management-fatigue-management/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Some Thoughts on Real Risk Management
AU  - Graham, Gordon
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - How did law enforcement take the broad discipline known as “risk management” and try to put it into a box, limiting it to “the safety” stuff or the “code enforcement” stuff? Risk management is bigger than the ergonomics issue. It is bigger than the insurance issues. It is bigger than the subrogation and indemnification issues. It is bigger than all these issues added together!
Risk in Law Enforcement
To a law enforcement executive, sometimes risk can seem like something that happens only to other law enforcement organizations. After all, one might be a smart, hard-working chief who hires good people. The agency might seem to be immune to the kinds of issues that make headlines.
DA  - 2017/08/01/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/thoughts-real-risk-management/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Are Police Officers More Dangerous Than Airplanes? - The New York Times
AU  - Kennedy, Pagan
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/pVCueDvet3Q
DA  - 2017/08/11/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/opinion/sunday/traffic-stop-police-accident.html?emc=eta1
Y2  - 2017/08/21/16:29:08
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Deputy AG announces new Forensic Science Working Group but still doesn’t grasp the extent of problem
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Rod Rosenstein thinks our adversarial justice system will filter out bad science. It hasn't in the past, and won't now.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Ni9yZ2-J5Ws
DA  - 2017/08/07/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2017/08/07/deputy-ag-announces-new-forensic-science-working-group-but-still-doesnt-grasp-the-extent-of-problem/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Chris Christie claimed a reform was ‘good government.’ A grieving mother says it killed her son.
AU  - Wootson, Cleve R.
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - New Jersey aggressively overhauled its bail system. Did those changes lead to a man's shooting death?
DA  - 2017/08/05/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Post Nation
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/08/05/why-a-grieving-mother-blames-chris-christie-for-her-sons-killing/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Redesigning Health Care with Insights from the Science of Complex Adaptive Systems
AU  - America, Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in
AB  - The task of building the 21st-century health care system is large and complex. In this appendix, we will lay a theoretical framework for approaching the design of complex systems and discuss the practical implications.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
LA  - en
PB  - National Academies Press (US)
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222267/
Y2  - 2017/08/22/19:31:06
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Research Methods in Education
AU  - Cohen et al.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
UR  - http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415368780/A/ch1doc.asp
Y2  - 2017/08/22/19:44:32
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness: Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein:
AU  - Thaler, Richard H.
AU  - Sunstein, Cass
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://www.amazon.com/Nudge-Improving-Decisions-Health-Happiness/dp/014311526X
Y2  - 2017/08/22/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds
AU  - Lewis, Michael
AB  - How a Nobel Prize–winning theory of the mind altered our perception of reality.Forty years ago, Israeli psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky wrote a series of breathtakingly original studies undoing our assumptions about the decision-making process. Their papers showed the ways in which the human mind erred, systematically, when forced to make judgments in uncertain situations. Their work created the field of behavioral economics, revolutionized Big Data studies, advanced evidence-based medicine, led to a new approach to government regulation, and made much of Michael Lewis’s own work possible. Kahneman and Tversky are more responsible than anybody for the powerful trend to mistrust human intuition and defer to algorithms.The Undoing Project is about a compelling collaboration between two men who have the dimensions of great literary figures. They became heroes in the university and on the battlefield―both had important careers in the Israeli military―and their research was deeply linked to their extraordinary life experiences. Amos Tversky was a brilliant, self-confident warrior and extrovert, the center of rapt attention in any room; Kahneman, a fugitive from the Nazis in his childhood, was an introvert whose questing self-doubt was the seedbed of his ideas. They became one of the greatest partnerships in the history of science, working together so closely that they couldn’t remember whose brain originated which ideas, or who should claim credit. They flipped a coin to decide the lead authorship on the first paper they wrote, and simply alternated thereafter.This story about the workings of the human mind is explored through the personalities of two fascinating individuals so fundamentally different from each other that they seem unlikely friends or colleagues. In the process they may well have changed, for good, mankind’s view of its own mind.
DA  - 2016/12/06/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 368
LA  - English
PB  - W. W. Norton & Company
SN  - 978-0-393-25459-4
ST  - The Undoing Project
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Undoing-Project-Friendship-Changed-Minds/dp/0393254593/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_14_img_2?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=5933R3VYB1J9MHT34156
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Thinking, Fast and Slow
AU  - Kahneman, Daniel
AB  - Major New York Times bestsellerWinner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award in 2012Selected by the New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011A Globe and Mail Best Books of the Year 2011 TitleOne of The Economist's 2011 Books of the Year One of The Wall Street Journal's Best Nonfiction Books of the Year 20112013 Presidential Medal of Freedom RecipientKahneman's work with Amos Tversky is the subject of Michael Lewis's The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our MindsIn the international bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation―each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions.Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives―and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Winner of the National Academy of Sciences Best Book Award and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and selected by The New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best books of 2011, Thinking, Fast and Slow is destined to be a classic.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1st edition
SP  - 499
LA  - English
PB  - Farrar, Straus and Giroux
SN  - 978-0-374-53355-7
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman/dp/0374533555/ref=pd_bxgy_14_img_2?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=DSNM9TXA170NXT0WJPVD
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics
AU  - Thaler, Richard H.
AB  - Get ready to change the way you think about economics.Richard H. Thaler has spent his career studying the radical notion that the central agents in the economy are humans―predictable, error-prone individuals. Misbehaving is his arresting, frequently hilarious account of the struggle to bring an academic discipline back down to earth―and change the way we think about economics, ourselves, and our world.Traditional economics assumes rational actors. Early in his research, Thaler realized these Spock-like automatons were nothing like real people. Whether buying a clock radio, selling basketball tickets, or applying for a mortgage, we all succumb to biases and make decisions that deviate from the standards of rationality assumed by economists. In other words, we misbehave. More importantly, our misbehavior has serious consequences. Dismissed at first by economists as an amusing sideshow, the study of human miscalculations and their effects on markets now drives efforts to make better decisions in our lives, our businesses, and our governments.Coupling recent discoveries in human psychology with a practical understanding of incentives and market behavior, Thaler enlightens readers about how to make smarter decisions in an increasingly mystifying world. He reveals how behavioral economic analysis opens up new ways to look at everything from household finance to assigning faculty offices in a new building, to TV game shows, the NFL draft, and businesses like Uber.Laced with antic stories of Thaler’s spirited battles with the bastions of traditional economic thinking, Misbehaving is a singular look into profound human foibles. When economics meets psychology, the implications for individuals, managers, and policy makers are both profound and entertaining.Shortlisted for the Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award
CY  - United States of America
DA  - 2016/06/14/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 432
LA  - English
PB  - W. W. Norton & Company
SN  - 978-0-393-35279-5
ST  - Misbehaving
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Misbehaving-Behavioral-Economics-Richard-Thaler/dp/039335279X/ref=pd_sim_14_4?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=ABRXPA1Y96QM8J2ZF28X
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference: Malcolm Gladwell:
AU  - Gladwell, Malcolm
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
UR  - https://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624
Y2  - 2017/08/22/21:02:36
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking
AU  - Gladwell, Malcolm
AB  - In his landmark bestseller The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell redefined how we understand the world around us. Now, in Blink, he revolutionizes the way we understand the world within. Blink is a book about how we think without thinking, about choices that seem to be made in an instant-in the blink of an eye-that actually aren't as simple as they seem. Why are some people brilliant decision makers, while others are consistently inept? Why do some people follow their instincts and win, while others end up stumbling into error? How do our brains really work-in the office, in the classroom, in the kitchen, and in the bedroom? And why are the best decisions often those that are impossible to explain to others?In Blink we meet the psychologist who has learned to predict whether a marriage will last, based on a few minutes of observing a couple; the tennis coach who knows when a player will double-fault before the racket even makes contact with the ball; the antiquities experts who recognize a fake at a glance. Here, too, are great failures of "blink": the election of Warren Harding; "New Coke"; and the shooting of Amadou Diallo by police. Blink reveals that great decision makers aren't those who process the most information or spend the most time deliberating, but those who have perfected the art of "thin-slicing"-filtering the very few factors that matter from an overwhelming number of variables.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2007/04/03/
PY  - 2007
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 296
LA  - English
PB  - Back Bay Books
SN  - 978-0-316-01066-5
ST  - Blink
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Blink-Power-Thinking-Without/dp/0316010669/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_14_t_0?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=3F91TRK14XX3FJ6DNCHF
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Measuring Police Organizations and their “Life Course”: The National Police Research Platform
AU  - Rosenblaum, Dennis
AU  - Skogan, Wesley
AU  - Fridell, Lorie
AU  - Cordner, Gary
AU  - Mastrofski, Stephen D.
AU  - Hartnett, Susan
AU  - McDivett, Jack
AB  - The National Police Research Platform has developed and field tested a new methodology
for studying police organizations in the 21st century. This methodology uses online surveys of agency
employees; surveys that can be repeated annually with a large and diverse sample of agencies.
The primary goals of this initiative are to (1) create a vehicle (the Platform) that will continuously
advance our knowledge of police organizations and practices, thus strengthening the science of
policing; and (2) provide regular and timely feedback to police agencies and policy makers that will
help move the policing profession in the direction of evidence-based “learning organizations.”
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - National Police Research Platform
UR  - http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/733761/10444478/1296183360227/Measuring+Police+Organizations+and+their+Life+Course+The++National+Police+Research+Platform+FINAL.pdf?token=MiFQf8psokKSdocD6dllYXK8%2FPM%3D
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Receptivity to Police Innovation: A Tale of Two Cities
AU  - Mastrofski, Stephen D.
AU  - Rosenblaum, Dennis
AB  - Innovation is widely thought to be the key to success in police departments, yet police
are often conceived as traditional and resistant to the changes that innovation requires. Recent
decades have witnessed much interest among police leaders and policy makers in various
innovations, ranging from new applications of information technology (intelligence-led policing)
to administrative changes (affirmative action) to strategic changes (Compstat and community
policing). Despite a number of studies of the impact of such recent innovations, there have been
very few investigations of the receptivity of police to innovation. Who is most and least receptive
to innovation? What kind of environment for innovation do police departments provide? Which
innovations are most and least welcome? In sum, what is the environment for innovation in
American municipal police organizations?
DA  - 2011/01//
PY  - 2011
PB  - National Police Research Platform
UR  - http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/733761/11089087/1299437174827/Public+Satisfaction.pdf?token=JA2u9t0woMOBwF%2Fw%2F8D0oCg1UHk%3D
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Police Integrity, Responsibility, and Discipline
AU  - McDivett, Jack
AU  - Posick, Chad
AU  - Rosenblaum, Dennis
AU  - Zschoche, Ruth
AU  - Buslik, Marc
AU  - Fridell, Lorie
AB  - Concerns about integrity are some of the most important issues facing the profession
of policing. Cases of police misconduct can seriously harm years of work to establish trust and
confidence between the police and members of their community. The National Police Research
Platform (NPRP) explores police integrity from a variety of perspectives. Because the NPRP collects
information from police officers about their attitudes, experiences and feelings about policies and
procedures in their agency, it offers a unique and innovative way to collect systematic information
about integrity in the policing profession.
DA  - 2011/02//
PY  - 2011
PB  - National Police Research Platform
UR  - http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/733761/10815711/1298056376220/Police+Integrity+Responsibility+and+Discipline.pdf?token=vrIPFlbLTo96NrFfFxyeph6ID1k%3D
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Best Practives for Review and Prevention of Deadly Incidents in High-Hazard Professions: Lessons for Police
AU  - Wingspread Foundation
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/u9cDrDydALM
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - Johnson Foundation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CASE REFUSAL: A RIGHT FOR THE PUBLIC DEFENDER BUT NOT A REMEDY FOR THE DEFENDANT
AU  - Gross, John
T2  - Washington University Law Review
AB  - Various arguments have been made to explain why public defenders continue to handle excessive caseloads: a lack of independence, organizational culture, or ethical blindness among them. All of these
arguments are based on the idea that a public defender elects to labor under an excessive caseload either because they do not see it as excessive or because they realize it is but believe a refusal will lead to adverse
consequences for themselves. In this essay, I argue that the decision to maintain an excessive caseload may not always be attributable to selfinterest on the part of the public defender, but can be motivated by a
concern for the welfare of prospective clients. The possibility that case refusal will result in prospective clients receiving no representation, the poor quality of alternative counsel, and the lack of any meaningful remedy for defendants who are denied representation creates a situation where representation by a public defender with an excessive caseload can be seen
as the defendant’s best option.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lg7ncrXjh_4
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
UR  - http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6269&context=law_lawreview
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Soul Snatchers: How the NYPD’s 42nd Precinct, the Bronx DA’s Office, and the City of New York...
AU  - King, Shaun
T2  - Medium
AB  - What I’m about to tell you is the most painful, traumatic, outrageous, outlandish, over-the-top story of government sanctioned police...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NyGrlO5vp70
DA  - 2017/08/21/
PY  - 2017
ST  - Soul Snatchers
UR  - https://medium.com/@ShaunKing/soul-snatchers-how-the-nypds-42nd-precinct-the-bronx-da-s-office-and-the-city-of-new-york-7454a5a43924
Y2  - 2017/08/28/16:20:42
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Fatigue and Training Gaps Spell Disaster at Sea, Sailors Warn
AU  - Philipps, Dave
AU  - Schmitt, Eric
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - After two deadly collisions involving Navy ships, more than a dozen current and former officers raised alarms about gaps in maintenance and training, grueling duty schedules and expanded operations.
DA  - 2017/08/27/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Asia Pacific
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/27/world/asia/fatigue-and-training-gaps-spell-disaster-at-sea-sailors-warn.html
Y2  - 2017/08/28/17:02:22
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Bail Reform: Why Judges Should Reject ‘Risk Assessment’
AU  - Siddall, Eric W.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Tools that use algorithms to determine whether to detain accused individuals before a trial are increasingly being used across the country as an alternative to the bail system. But the vice president of the Los Angeles County Association of Deputy District Attorneys argues that the tools also lead to tragedies.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/uP3ev-06edo
DA  - 2017/08/25/
PY  - 2017
ST  - Bail Reform
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/08/25/bail-reform-why-judges-should-think-twice-about-risk-assessment/
Y2  - 2017/08/28/17:21:22
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Who's On First
AU  - Thaler, Richard H.
AU  - Sunstein, Cass R.
T2  - The New Republic
AB  - Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game

By Michael Lewis (W. W. Norton, 288 pp., $24.95)
Michael Lewis’s new book is a sensation. It treats a topic that would seem to interest only sports fans: how Billy Beane, the charismatic general manager of the Oakland Athletics, turned his baseball team around using, of all things, statistics. What next—an inspirational tale about superior database ma...
DA  - 2003/09/01/
PY  - 2003
DP  - The New Republic
SN  - 0028-6583
UR  - https://newrepublic.com/article/61123/whos-first
Y2  - 2017/08/28/19:56:02
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - The era of blind faith in big data must end
AU  - O'Neil, Cathy
AB  - Algorithms decide who gets a loan, who gets a job interview, who gets insurance and much more -- but they don't automatically make things fair. Mathematician and data scientist Cathy O'Neil coined a term for algorithms that are secret, important and harmful: "weapons of math destruction." Learn more about the hidden agendas behind the formulas.
DA  - 2017/04//
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.ted.com
UR  - https://www.ted.com/talks/cathy_o_neil_the_era_of_blind_faith_in_big_data_must_end
Y2  - 2017/08/28/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - From Michael Lewis, the Story of Two Friends Who Changed How We Think About the Way We Think - The New York Times
AU  - Leonhardt, David
AB  - Their work revealed previously undiscovered patterns of human irrationality: the ways that our minds consistently fool us and the steps we can take, at least some of the time, to avoid being fooled. Kahneman and Tversky used the word “heuristics” to describe the rules of thumb that often lead people astray. One such rule is the “halo effect,” in which thinking about one positive attribute of a person or thing causes observers to perceive other strengths that aren’t really there. Another is “representativeness,” which leads people to see cause and effect — to see a “narrative” — where they should instead accept uncertainty or randomness.
DA  - 2016/12/06/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/books/review/michael-lewis-undoing-project.html?mcubz=0
Y2  - 2017/08/28/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Two Friends Who Changed How We Think About How We Think
AU  - Sunstein, Cass
AU  - Thaler, Richard
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - A new book by the author of “Moneyball” shows how, together, the psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman made the world a better place.
DA  - 2016/12/07/
PY  - 2016
DP  - www.newyorker.com
SN  - 0028-792X
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-two-friends-who-changed-how-we-think-about-how-we-think
Y2  - 2017/08/28/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - What Was I Thinking?
AU  - Kolbert, Elizabeth
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - The latest reasoning about our irrational ways.
DA  - 2008/02/18/
PY  - 2008
DP  - www.newyorker.com
SN  - 0028-792X
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/02/25/what-was-i-thinking
Y2  - 2017/08/28/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can We Trust Best Practices? Six Cognitive Challenges of Evidence-Based Approaches
AU  - E. Klein, Devorah
AU  - Woods, David
AU  - Klein, Gary
AU  - J. Perry, Shawna
T2  - Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
AB  - There is a growing popularity of data-driven best practices in a variety of fields. Although we applaud the impulse to replace anecdotes with evidence, it is important to appreciate some of the cognitive constraints on promulgating best practices to be used by practitioners. We use the evidence-based medicine (EBM) framework that has become popular in health care to raise questions about whether the approach is consistent with how people actually make decisions to manage patient safety. We examine six potential disconnects and suggest ways to strengthen best practices strategies.
DA  - 2016/04/06/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1177/1555343416637520
DP  - ResearchGate
ST  - Can We Trust Best Practices?
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300343833_Can_We_Trust_Best_Practices_Six_Cognitive_Challenges_of_Evidence-Based_Approaches
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Upside and Downside of the 'Police Science' Epistemic Community
AU  - Greene, Jack
T2  - Policing
AB  - There is a growing debate concerning how and what kind of ‘science’ contributes to understanding the police and policing.
A series of ‘science-advocacy’ propositions has come steadily from a relatively small, yet vocal and growing, number of police
researchers who see more rigourous scientific application, generally in the form of experimental research, as the singular
means of improving understanding about what the police do, especially in their crime control role. This article considers
some of the upsides and downsides of the police science epistemic community movement, in the hope of constructing a bridge
between the ardency of focus on experimental methods as the singular path to understanding the police to considering the expansion
of what might be termed a broader police research community; that is a scientific community of interests which together with
policymakers shapes police practices in their many varieties and with many constituents and through many research lenses.
This addendum to the current ‘police science’ mantra recognizes that there is much information and knowledge need to effectively
understand what the police are, what they do, and with what outcomes, tangible and symbolic.
DA  - 2014/12/01/
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1093/police/pau043
DP  - ResearchGate
VL  - 8
SP  - 379
EP  - 392
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285949328_The_Upside_and_Downside_of_the_%27Police_Science%27_Epistemic_Community
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285949328_The_Upside_and_Downside_of_the_%27Police_Science%27_Epistemic_Community
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Framework for Conducting a Root Cause Analysis and Action Plan
AU  - Joint Commission
AB  - A Framework for a Root Cause Analysis and Action Plan In Response to a Sentinel Event
DA  - 2017/11/10/
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.jointcommission.org/framework_for_conducting_a_root_cause_analysis_and_action_plan/
Y2  - 2018/02/13/02:56:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learn from what goes right: A demonstration of a new systematic method for identification of leading indicators in healthcare
AU  - Raben, Ditte Caroline
AU  - Bogh, Søren Bie
AU  - Viskum, Birgit
AU  - Mikkelsen, Kim L
AU  - Hollnagel, Erik
T2  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
AB  - The work in patient safety is often centred on adverse events and errors. Typical methods to improve patient safety are reactive and focus on understanding past failures. This article presents the development of a proactive method towards improving patient safety and understanding why processes function as intended on a daily basis. The paper presents the steps of how the method was developed and demonstrates it by using a former case study of early detection of sepsis. Emphasis is on understanding complex processes and identify aspects important for things going right and achieving intended outcomes. The study resulted in the development of six overall steps for identifying leading indicators in complex healthcare processes. These were (1) identification of relevant functions, (2) cluster of functions in sets, (3) identification of functions with variability, (4) identification of functions with upstream–downstream functions, (5) identification of leading indicators, and (6) confirmation of leading indicators through experts and adverse events. The study outlined the development a new method on the topic of leading indicators in the context of patient safety.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 169
SP  - 187
EP  - 198
J2  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
SN  - 0951-8320
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832016307499
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Model for Incident Review Committees in Behavioral Health Settings
AU  - Russ, Mark J
AU  - Greenwald, Blaine S
AU  - Mattson, Marlin Ra
T2  - Journal of Psychiatric Practice®
AB  - Despite the fact that incident review committees have been a key component of quality improvement in behavioral health settings for decades, specific models of how these committees are structured and operate are not well described. We present a model for an incident review committee that has been implemented in 2 large, academic acute care psychiatric hospitals. We believe the model not only permitted us to efficiently and effectively review untoward incidents, but that it also provided an approach to calibrating standards of care for the institution, engaging physicians in an interdisciplinary effort, promulgating a culture of quality review and improvement throughout the organization, promoting continuity and sustainability of the incident review process, and, most importantly, driving beneficial change in clinical practice. Demonstration of the effectiveness of this model requires formal investigation.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 294
EP  - 305
J2  - Journal of Psychiatric Practice®
UR  - https://journals.lww.com/practicalpsychiatry/Abstract/2017/07000/A_Model_for_Incident_Review_Committees_in.9.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Alternatives for Sharing Sentinel Event-Related Information with The Joint Commission
AU  - Joint Commision
T2  - The Joint Commission
AB  - Alternatives for Sharing Sentinel Event-Related Information with The Joint Commission
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.jointcommission.org/se_alternatives/
Y2  - 2018/02/13/03:05:49
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - 2018 CAMH Hospitals Update Service
AU  - Joint Commision
AB  - Keep your 2017 Comprehensive Accreditation  Manual current through the year!  

Updates are shipped in Spring and Fall 2017. 6"x9" looseleaf replacement pages for 9"x9" binder.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
PB  - The Joint Commission
UR  - https://www.jcrinc.com/2018-camh-hospitals-update-service/
Y2  - 2018/02/13/04:07:31
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Patient Safety Systems Chapter, Sentinel Event Policy and RCA2
AU  - Joint Commision
T2  - The Joint Commission
AB  - The ‘Patient Safety Systems’ chapter provides a framework, rooted in Joint Commission standards, upon which hospitals can build their integrated patient safety system—in which staff and leaders work together to eliminate complacency, promote collective mindfulness, treat each other with respect and compassion, and learn from patient safety events,” says Ronald M. Wyatt, MD, MHA, medical director, Office of Quality and Patient Safety, The Joint Commission.
DA  - 2018/10/15/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event.aspx
Y2  - 2018/02/13/16:06:13
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Facts about the Sentinel Event Policy
AU  - Joint Commission
AB  - recurrence would carry a significant chance of a serious adverse outcome.
Each accredited organization is required to define ‘sentinel event’ for its own purposes in establishing
mechanisms to identify, report and manage these events. At a minimum, an organization’s definition must
include those events that are subject to review under the Sentinel Event Policy.
When a sentinel event occurs, the accredited organization is expected to conduct a timely, thorough and
credible root cause analysis; develop at action plan designed to implement improvements to reduce risk;
implement the improvements; and monitor the effectiveness of those improvements. Standards that create
explicit expectations regarding the internal identification and management of sentinel events are found in the
Performance Improvement (PI) and Leadership (LD) chapters of all accreditation manuals.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/Sentinel%20Event%20Policy.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Sentinel Events (SE): Definitions,
AU  - Joint Commission
AB  - SMH Note: SE Definitions, Goals, Action Plan. Appendix. Accreditation RequirementsRelated to Sentinel Events.

The Joint Commission adopted a formal Sentinel Event Policy in 1996 to help hospitals
that experience serious adverse events improve safety and learn from those sentinel
events. Careful investigation and analysis of patient safety events, as well as strong corrective actions that provide effective and sustained system improvement, is essential
to reduce risk and prevent patient harm. The Sentinel Event Policy explains how The Joint Commission partners with hospitals that have experienced a serious patient safety
event to protect the patient, improve systems, and prevent further harm.
DA  - 2017/01//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/6/se_2017_camh.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Sentinel Event Policy and Procedures
AU  - Joint Commission
AB  - The Joint Commission adopted a formal Sentinel Event Policy in 1996 to help hospitals that experience serious adverse events improve safety and learn from those sentinel events
DA  - 2017/06/29/
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event_policy_and_procedures/
Y2  - 2018/02/09/22:34:01
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD AVIATION INVESTIGATION MANUAL MAJOR TEAM INVESTIGATIONS
AU  - NTSB
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
UR  - https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process/Documents/MajorInvestigationsManual.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Investigative Process
AU  - NTSB
AB  - The National Transportation Safety Board was established in 1967 to conduct independent investigations of all civil aviation accidents in the United States and major accidents in the other modes of transportation. It is not part of the Department of Transportation, nor organizationally affiliated with any of DOT's modal agencies, including the Federal Aviation Administration. The Safety Board has no regulatory or enforcement powers.

To ensure that Safety Board investigations focus only on improving transportation safety, the Board's analysis of factual information and its determination of probable cause cannot be entered as evidence in a court of law.
UR  - https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process/Pages/default.aspx
Y2  - 2018/02/13/04:10:22
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Quality Policing: The Madison Experience
AU  - Couper and Lobitz
T2  - Quality Policing: The Madison Experience
AB  - Based on the experience of the Madison Police Department (Wisconsin), this book describes the implementation of the Quality Leadership Model as the vehicle for change management designed to establish various combinations of community-based and problem-oriented policing.
DA  - 1991///
PY  - 1991
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?id=134793
Y2  - 2017/01/25/21:32:01
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Quality assurance and risk management in Canadian police services: Theory and practice
AU  - Cukier, W.
AU  - Barkel, E.
AU  - Gekas, G.
T2  - Quality and Reliability (ICQR), 2011 IEEE International Conference on
AB  - Quality assurance in the public sector presents interesting challenges and nowhere are these more obvious than in policing. While there was a high level of consensus around the aims of quality assurance in policing, this study of Canadian police services shows ...
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 436
EP  - 440
PB  - IEEE
N1  - <p>Quality assurance and risk management in Canadian police services: Theory and practice<br />1457706261</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Critical Incident Review Library | Police Foundation
AU  - Police Foundation
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/critical-incident-review-library/
Y2  - 2017/06/13/21:22:28
L2  - https://www.policefoundation.org/critical-incident-review-library/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Sentinel event policy changed, but it's still a 'lawsuit kit' for attorneys | 1998-04-01 | AHC Media: Continuing Medical Education Publishing
AU  - Healthcare Risk Management
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
UR  - https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/48089-sentinel-event-policy-changed-but-it-s-still-a-lawsuit-kit-for-attorneys
Y2  - 2018/10/12/18:15:57
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from Mistakes is Easier Said than Done: Group and Organizational Influences on the Detection and Correction of Human Error
AU  - Edmondson, Amy C.
T2  - The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
AB  - This research explores how group- and organizational-level factors affect errors in administering drugs to hospitalized patients. Findings from patient care groups in two hospitals show systematic differences not just in the frequency of errors, but also in the likelihood that errors will be detected and learned from by group members. Implications for learning in and by work teams in general are discussed.
DA  - 2004/03/01/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1177/0021886304263849
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 66
EP  - 90
J2  - The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0021-8863
ST  - Learning from Mistakes is Easier Said than Done
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886304263849
Y2  - 2018/10/12/19:42:31
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Police Discipline: A Case for Change
AU  - Stephens, Darrel
T2  - New Perspectives in Policing
DA  - 2011/06//
PY  - 2011
PB  - Harvard Kennedy Schools of Government
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/234052.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/25/19:59:45
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Never Events | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Agency for Healtcare Research and Qaulity
T2  - PSNet Patient Safety Network
AB  - The term "Never Event" was first introduced in 2001 by Ken Kizer, MD, former CEO of the National Quality Forum (NQF), in reference to particularly shocking medical errors—such as wrong-site surgery—that should never occur. Over time, the term's use has expanded to signify adverse events that are unambiguous (clearly identifiable and measurable), serious (resulting in death or significant disability), and usually preventable. Since the initial never event list was developed in 2002, it has been revised multiple times, and now consists of 29 "serious reportable events" grouped into 7 categories:

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lcsZO1mMBSw
DA  - 2018/08//
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primers/primer/3/never-events
Y2  - 2018/11/26/19:42:14
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Surgical Never Events and Contributing Human Factors
AU  - Thiels, Cornelius A.
AU  - Lal, Tarun Mohan
AU  - Nienow, Joseph M.
AU  - Pasupathy, Kalyan S.
AU  - Blocker, Renaldo C.
AU  - Aho, Johnathon M.
AU  - Morgenthaler, Timothy I.
AU  - Cima, Robert R.
AU  - Hallbeck, Susan
AU  - Bingener, Juliane
T2  - Surgery
AB  - Introduction
We report the first prospective analysis of human factors elements contributing to invasive procedural never events using a validated Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS).

Methods
From 8/2009 - 8/2014 surgical and invasive procedural “Never Events” (retained foreign object, wrong site/side procedure, wrong implant, wrong procedure) underwent systematic causation analysis promptly after the event. Contributing human factors were categorized using Reason's 4 levels of error causation and 161 HFACS subcategories (nano-codes).

Results
During the study approximately 1.5 million procedures were performed and 69 never events were identified. A total of 628 contributing human factors nano-codes were identified. Action-based errors (n=260) and preconditions to actions (n=296) accounted for the majority of the nano-codes across all four types of events, with individual cognitive factors contributing half of the nano-codes. The most common action nano-codes were confirmation bias (n=36) and failed to understand (n=36). The most common pre-condition nano-codes were channeled attention on a single issue (n=33) and inadequate communication (n=30).

Conclusion
Targeting quality and system improvement interventions addressing cognitive factors and team resource management as well as perceptual biases may reduce errors and further improve patient safety. These results delineate targets to further reduce never events from our healthcare system.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lbc3OvxO1RU
DA  - 2015/08//
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.053
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
SP  - 515
EP  - 521
J2  - Surgery
SN  - 0039-6060
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492832/
Y2  - 2018/11/26/19:46:05
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - The Disconnect Between Risk Needs Assessment Tools and Probation Officer’s Supervision Decision Making
AU  - Rudes, Danielle
T2  - Crime & Justice Research Alliance
AB  - Danielle Rudes Associate Professor of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University Key Findings Probation officers are not directly using the results of Risk and Needs Assessment (RNA) tools in case management and supervision decisions despite administering it regularly. There are three different versions of RNA tools but many of the sampled probation officers solely ...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2f8ttGAv8JY
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://crimeandjusticeresearchalliance.org/rsrch/the-disconnect-between-risk-needs-assessment-tools-and-probation-officers-supervision-decision-making/
Y2  - 2018/12/03/18:18:54
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - When Mental-Health Experts, Not Police, Are the First Responders - WSJ
AU  - Elinson, Zusha
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/LHW2dGC2_dA
DA  - 2018/11/24/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-mental-health-experts-not-police-are-the-first-responders-1543071600?fbclid=IwAR0qNvsVPiuhlcQ97uCPHXTaQcHDrlhs_7yT-ZiTmfOpZqpTalC2Vn7T_nQ
Y2  - 2018/12/03/18:20:42
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - 21 Principles for the 21st Prosecutor
AU  - Fair and Just Prosecution
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/sG6ArQd4Zn4
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://fairandjustprosecution.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/FJP_21Principles_Interactive-w-destinations.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2ZrdPu-Bc2NPbKL7SfYh4mEM0456NfSqt45IERttR9phgPpYx97s8TPLw
Y2  - 2018/12/03/18:23:29
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Pilots say they were ‘in the dark’ about Boeing’s 737 safety update - The Washington Post
AU  - Timberg, Greg
AU  - Greeg, Aaron
AU  - Halsey, Ashly
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/IunK8ewmI1o
DA  - 2018/11/28/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/pilots-say-they-were-in-the-dark-about-boeings-737-max-safety-update/2018/11/28/10b2da14-f339-11e8-aeea-b85fd44449f5_story.html?utm_term=.8abc074b3f6c
Y2  - 2018/12/03/18:27:52
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Jailing people with mental illness is a national problem. The solutions are local.
AU  - Harki, Gary A.
T2  - Virginian-Pilot
AB  - Progress requires teamwork among judges, police, sheriffs, mental health workers, probation officers and others who affect the lives of people with mental illness inside and outside the criminal justice system.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/wPumt-YqC7w
DA  - 2018/12/13/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - https://pilotonline.com/news/local/projects/jail-crisis/article_001fb1f6-f418-11e8-af61-0739dc1083e5.html
Y2  - 2018/12/19/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Harm Reduction: Shifting from a War on Drugs to a War on Drug-Related Deaths
AU  - Singer, Jeffrey
T2  - Cato Institute
AB  - The U.S. government’s current strategy of trying to restrict the supply of opioids for nonmedical uses is not working. While government efforts to reduce the supply of opioids for nonmedical use have reduced the volume of both legally manufactured prescription opioids and opioid prescriptions, deaths from opioid overdoses are nevertheless accelerating. 

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lRl6SgAzxcg
DA  - 2018/12/13/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
ST  - Harm Reduction
UR  - https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/harm-reduction-shifting-war-drugs-war-drug-related-deaths
Y2  - 2018/12/19/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A new report outlines what needs to happen next at Steamship Authority - The Boston Globe
AU  - Rochelen, Matt
T2  - BostonGlobe
AB  - The report by outside consultants warned that if the agency fails to address its issues, it could experience “a repeat of the spate of incidents that instigated this study, or worse.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6tM5nS3-BRA
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/12/17/scathing-report-calls-steamship-authority-cheap-and-rife-with-factions/yszsE04osfgH12SMJWiwRK/story.html
Y2  - 2018/12/19/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Months after a fatal police shooting, a young officer turns his gun on himself
AU  - Miller, Michael
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Though most police officers never fire their weapon in the line of duty, those who do face a greater risk of suicide.
DA  - 2018/12/19/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/local/suicide-and-stress-among-police-officers-involved-in-shootings/
Y2  - 2018/12/20/17:31:01
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Assault prompts call for stricter safety policies at Patton State Hospital in Highland
AU  - Whitehead, Brian
T2  - San Bernardino Sun
AB  - “Ultimately, we’re directly in harm’s way every single minute,” said Eric Soto, president of the California Association of Psychiatric Technicians.
DA  - 2018/08/10/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - http://www.sbsun.com/assault-prompts-call-for-stricter-safety-policies-at-patton-state-hospital-in-highland
Y2  - 2019/01/30/
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - The Sentinel Event
AB  - In law enforcement, as with other high-stress professions, tragedies happen. The question we should all be asking is, what is the department doing to make sure that it’s not repeating history...
DA  - 2019/03/04/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecommandpost.org/the-sentinel-event/
Y2  - 2019/03/04/16:10:32
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Policing and Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Batts, Anthony W
AU  - deLone, Maddy
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
T2  - New Perspectives in Policing
AB  - As experienced professionals from policing and legal advocacy, the authors of this paper have come together to call for the field of policing to take the lead in reviewing cases, learning lessons, and changing practice to prevent the innocent from becoming swept into the criminal justice system and eventually convicted of crimes they did not commit. D.P.A., Police Commissioner, Baltimore, Maryland and former Chief of Police of Long Beach and Oakland, California Anthony W. Batts; Executive Director, Maddy deLone of the Innocence Project, a nonprofit legal organization committed to exonerating the wrongfully convicted through use of DNA testing and criminal justice system reform; and Executive Director of the Major Cities Chiefs Association and retired Chief, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department, Darrel W. Stephens examine the systematic causes of wrongful criminal convictions and potential solutions to benefit both law enforcement and communities in Policing and Wrongful Convictions.
DA  - 2014/08/19/
PY  - 2014
PB  - Harvard Kennedy Schools of Government
UR  - https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/wiener/programs/pcj/files/PolicingWrongfulConvictions.pdf
Y2  - 2017/08/23/18:25:31
N1  - <p>Given their function as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system and as the initial point of contact with offenders, accused offenders, victims and ordinary citizens, police agencies are in the most advantageous position to conduct such an examination. This paper calls for strong leadership from police agencies to lead reviews of wrongful convictions that can be learning experiences for all components of the criminal justice system. The lessons learned from these reviews can lead to the implementation of changes in practice across criminal justice agencies that will improve justice without compromising safety</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Learn From Error Using an Organizational Accident Model Implementing an organizational accident model allows police departments to review errors as systemwide weaknesses instead of single-cause mistakes.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>We recommend that police agencies develop a review system that avoids simply blaming individuals and concentrates on understanding the organizational factors that contribute to errors.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Rise of Big Data Policing
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AB  - The consequences of big data and algorithm-driven policing and its impact on law enforcement

In a high-tech command center in downtown Los Angeles, a digital map lights up with 911 calls, television monitors track breaking news stories, surveillance cameras sweep the streets, and rows of networked computers link analysts and police officers to a wealth of law enforcement intelligence.

This is just a glimpse into a future where software predicts future crimes, algorithms generate virtual “most-wanted” lists, and databanks collect personal and biometric information.  The Rise of Big Data Policing introduces the cutting-edge technology that is changing how the police do their jobs and shows why it is more important than ever that citizens understand the far-reaching consequences of big data surveillance as a law enforcement tool.

Andrew Guthrie Ferguson reveals how these new technologies —viewed as race-neutral and objective—have been eagerly adopted by police departments hoping to distance themselves from claims of racial bias and unconstitutional practices.  After a series of high-profile police shootings and federal investigations into systemic police misconduct, and in an era of law enforcement budget cutbacks, data-driven policing has been billed as a way to “turn the page” on racial bias.

But behind the data are real people, and difficult questions remain about racial discrimination and the potential to distort constitutional protections.

In this first book on big data policing, Ferguson offers an examination of how new technologies will alter the who, where, when and how we police.  These new technologies also offer data-driven methods to improve police accountability and to remedy the underlying socio-economic risk factors that encourage crime.

The Rise of Big Data Policing is a must read for anyone concerned with how technology will revolutionize law enforcement and its potential threat to the security, privacy, and constitutional rights of citizens.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - NYU Press
UR  - http://nyupress.org/books/9781479892822/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Novel Concepts for the Application of Rapid DNA Technology as a Sentinel Event Prophylactic in the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Adams, George W.
T2  - Journal of Forensic Research
AB  - Rapid DNA Technology (RDNA) holds the key to the elimination of a significant number of sentinel events. Sentinel events in the criminal justice system may best be explained through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations’ (JACHO) definition as “an unexpected occurrence involving death or severe physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof”. The most notable sentinel event in the criminal justice system today is a wrongful conviction – which exposes all attendant parties to significant personal and institutional liabilities. The International Association of Chiefs of Police/U.S. Department of Justice released its August report on the Wrongful Convictions Summit. In the report, there were thirty recommendations to reduce sentinel events in the criminal justice system. Sentinel events are likely the result of compound errors. The recommendations of the Summit Advisory Group focused on preventing the compounding of errors (racial profiling, investigative biases, aggressive interviewing, faulty line-up protocols, false testimony and eyewitness errors) to which Doyle refers. Currently, the public safety community seems to be virtually silent on the use of RDNA as a sentinel event prophylactic in fulfilling the criminal justice system’s goal to protect the blameless while holding the blameworthy accountable. The injection of RDNA at the earliest opportunity in the pre-charging phase of the criminal process may provide relief from the seemingly endless rise of sentinel events in the criminal justice system.
DA  - 2015/03/27/
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.4172/2157-7145.1000278
DP  - www.omicsonline.org
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2157-7145
UR  - https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/novel-concepts-for-the-application-of-rapid-dna-technology-as-a-sentinel-event-prophylactic-in-the-criminal-justice-system-2157-7145-1000278.php?aid=40979
Y2  - 2017/06/13/17:02:29
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Sentinel Events Initiative All-Stakeholder Forum: Meeting Summary
AU  - National Institute of Justice
AB  - The following memo summarizes the key takeaways from the National Institute 
of Justice’s (NIJ) recent All-Stakeholder Forum in support of the Sentinel Events Initiative
(SEI). These lessons and insights will be integrated into program development as the
national demonstration project builds over the coming years.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - National Institute of Justice
UR  - https://www.nij.gov/topics/justice-system/Pages/sentinel-events-stakeholder-forum.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Glimpse at Ongoing Research Projects
AU  - National Institute of Justice
T2  - NIJ Journal
AB  - As part of building the evidence base for bringing sentinel event reviews (SERs) into the justice system, NIJ is supporting four major research projects.
DA  - 2015/12/14/
PY  - 2015
IS  - 276
UR  - http://nij.gov:80/journals/276/Pages/sentinel-events-glimpse.aspx
Y2  - 2017/08/23/13:34:37
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - "Sentinel Event" Review in the Criminal Justice System
A2  - Doyle, James M.
T3  - NIJ Audio
AB  - Listen to James Doyle discuss the basics of a "sentinel event" review in the criminal justice system. This learning-from-error approach borrows from principles that medicine, aviation and other high-risk enterprises have successfully used. Former NIJ Fellow Doyle offers the basics to understand this innovative idea that takes a system-wide perspective of error, bringing all stakeholders together in a non-blaming, forward-looking way after a bad outcome, such as a wrongful conviction, occurs.
​
CY  - National Institute of Justice
DA  - 2014/01//
PY  - 2014
ST  - Audio
UR  - http://nij.gov:80/multimedia/Pages/audio-doyle.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - NYC launching system-wide review of jail suicides
AU  - Pearson, Jake
T2  - AP News
AB  - The review — dubbed the “sentinel event” approach — is a way to identify systemic breakdowns by investigating occurrences such as suicides and unravelling the chain of events that preceded them, but not for the purposes of punishment.
DA  - 2014/10/28/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://apnews.com/a1b25f7163c64d56a3479da29372d9ca/nyc-launching-system-wide-review-jail-suicides
Y2  - 2017/06/13/16:47:00
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Milwaukee Joins Criminal Justice Research Project To Review Tragic Crime
AB  - Milwaukee is joining two other cities in a new criminal justice research project designed to pinpoint bad decisions by law enforcement agencies that led to tragic crimes.
Date: September 8, 2014
DA  - 2014/09/08/
PY  - 2014
PB  - WPR
UR  - http://www.wpr.org/milwaukee-joins-criminal-justice-research-project-review-tragic-crime
Y2  - 2017/06/14/21:10:06
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Kenosha mayor attends crime symposium in Washington
AU  - STAFF, KENOSHA NEWS
T2  - Kenosha News
AB  - Kenosha Mayor John Antaramian is wrapping up a visit to the nation’s capital this week.
DA  - 2017/06/20/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.kenoshanews.com/news/local/kenosha-mayor-attends-crime-symposium-in-washington/article_9a6deeda-155d-5fef-b456-8f94f31d2876.html
Y2  - 2017/06/22/19:37:15
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Can We All Get Along?
AU  - Tabachnick
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Can we learn from our mistakes? America's system of justice may finally be ready to apply the same techniques for identifying crucial flaws that have been used or years in the medical and aviation worlds. At least that's the hope of a landmark pilot project now underway under the aegis of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). The project, called “Sentinel Events” reviews focuses on three cities—Philadelphia, Milwaukee and Baltimore, where major justice stakeholders—such as police, court officials and probation [...]

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lRY9lTHYlTo
DA  - 2014/09/02/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2014/09/02/2014-09-can-we-all-get-along/
Y2  - 2017/06/27/17:15:32
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - SUSTAINABILITY OF INNOCENCE REFORM
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Carrano, Julia
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - SEI mentioned on p. 955
DA  - 2014/10/08/
PY  - 2014
VL  - 77
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Strengthening Justice in the U.S.: The Impact of Scientific Research
AU  - Rodriguez, Nancy
T2  - OHIO STATE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 14
UR  - http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/osjcl/files/2016/12/12-Rodriguez.pdf
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - “Sentinel Events:” Learning From Mistakes/Errors
AU  - Couper, David
T2  - Improving Policing
AB  - A bright light for Police — Sentinel Events.   Listen to an audio presentation of the topic by NIJ Fellow James Doyle: What is a “Sentinel Event?” “When bad things happ...
DA  - 2016/09/14/
PY  - 2016
ST  - “Sentinel Events
UR  - https://improvingpolice.wordpress.com/2016/09/14/sentinel-events-learning-from-mistakeserrors/
Y2  - 2017/06/13/16:36:51
KW  - Citing the SEI
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Leadership and Management in Police Organizations
AU  - Giblin, Matthew J.
AB  - SEI mentioned on Page 287.

Built on a foundation of nearly 1,200 references,  Leadership and Management in Police Organizations is a highly readable text that shows how organizational theory and behavior can be applied to improve the operations, leadership, and management of law enforcement. Author Matthew J. Giblin emphasizes leadership and management as separate skills in successful police supervisors and executives, illustrating to students how the two skills combine to improve individual and organizational efficacy in policing. Readers will come away with a stronger understanding of why organizational decisions  matter and the impact research can have on police departments.
DA  - 2016/10/04/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 449
LA  - en
PB  - SAGE Publications
SN  - 978-1-5063-5227-5
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=jVS0DAAAQBAJ
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Creating a Culture of Safety: Sentinel Event Reviews for Suicide and Self-Harm in Correctional Facilities
AU  - Pope, Leah
AU  - Duleney-Brumsey, Ayesha
AB  - Since 2011, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), through its Sentinel Events Initiative, has been investigating the feasibility of using a sentinel events approach to review and learn from errors in the criminal justice system such as wrongful convictions, eyewitness misidentifications, or incidents of suicide and self-harm in custody. Recognizing that adverse situations are rarely caused by a single event or the actions of an individual person, NIJ defines a sentinel event as a significant negative outcome that: 1) signals underlying weaknesses in a system or process; 2) is likely the result of compound errors; and 3) may provide, if properly analyzed and addressed, important keys to strengthening the system and preventing future adverse events or outcomes. 
With funding from NIJ, the Vera Institute of Justice (Vera) has been examining the applicability and appropriateness of using sentinel event reviews for incidents of suicide and serious self-harm in detention. This report focuses on these incidents as prime opportunities to implement sentinel event reviews in the criminal justice context.
DA  - 2017/06/12/
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
PB  - Vera Institute of Justice
UR  - https://www.vera.org/publications/culture-of-safety-sentinel-event-suicide-self-harm-correctional-facilities
Y2  - 2017/06/13/16:39:39
KW  - Citing the SEI
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - America's Guilt Mill
AU  - Krajicek, David
T2  - Prison Legal News
AB  - Vaughn’s analysis made the Challenger disaster seem inevitable—not aberrative. Boston’s Doyle calls it the “normalization of deviance.” In “Mending Justice,” a September 2014 publication that was part of the National Institute of Justice’s Sentinel Events Initiative, Doyle explained how certain events signal systemic problems in complicated bureaucracies like criminal justice.

A sentinel event in the criminal justice system warns us of threats to justice, and it calls us to act. It is a significant, unexpected negative outcome that signals a possible weakness in the system or process. Sentinel events are likely the result of compounded errors and — if properly analyzed and addressed — may provide important keys to strengthening the system and preventing future adverse events or outcomes. Sentinel errors leading to wrongful convictions have many facets, Doyle says.

“Most of the time you can’t blame it on a single cause,” he says. “When things go wrong, it’s an organizational accident. Criminal justice is this vast, fragmented, complex ecosystem, and everyone in the system feels the pressure to produce—cops, DAs, judges...And there’s fresh pressure every day. Cops have today’s cases to worry about, so they don’t have time to go back and look at the old ones for errors.”
DA  - 2017/03/28/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2017/mar/28/americas-guilt-mill/
Y2  - 2017/06/14/22:00:00
KW  - Citing the SEI
KW  - SEI Media Coverage
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Justice Reform Under Trump: Some Good News?
AU  - Handelman, Stephen
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - An experimental project aimed at helping local jurisdictions examine--and correct--mistakes in the justice system will soon be expanded to up to 25 cities and counties. The expansion of the Sentinel Events program amounts to an endorsement by the Justice Department of a major Obama-era reform initiative.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/l46EbMGPcps
DA  - 2017/06/28/
PY  - 2017
ST  - Justice Reform Under Trump
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/06/26/justice-reform-under-trump-some-good-news/
Y2  - 2017/06/26/16:53:18
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Do the ‘Right Thing’: Janet Reno’s Legacy for Trump’s Attorney General
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Whoever takes the helm of the Department of Justice next year will be overseeing a justice system profoundly transformed by the nation’s first female A-G.  One of her top priorities—addressing wrongful convictions—is now a hard-to-abandon centerpiece of American justice.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
ST  - Do the ‘Right Thing’
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2016/11/10/do-the-right-thing-janet-renos-legacy-for-trumps-attorney-general/
Y2  - 2017/02/13/19:58:14
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2016/11/10/do-the-right-thing-janet-renos-legacy-for-trumps-attorney-general/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When Justice Fails, Here’s How to Begin the Healing
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Saying "I'm sorry" is a useful start.  But justice authorities could take a lesson from medicine by combining a genuine apology with a full disclosure of what went wrong.   In today's 24/7 media landscape that's an essential step to rebuilding trust and confidence.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2016/10/13/when-justice-fails-heres-how-to-begin-the-healing/
Y2  - 2017/02/13/19:58:50
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2016/10/13/when-justice-fails-heres-how-to-begin-the-healing/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Portraits of Risk
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
DA  - 2016/07/26/
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2016/07/26/portraits-in-risk/
Y2  - 2016/08/22/14:57:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Op-Ed: A Systemwide Failure Led To Wrongful Convictions of Central Park 5
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - National Law Journal
AB  - Claim that police, prosecutors acted reasonably doesn't account for grave mistakes.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/OP2Cht33RRA
DA  - 2014/09/29/
PY  - 2014
ST  - Op-Ed
UR  - http://www.nationallawjournal.com/id=1202671521752/OpEd-A-Systemwide-Failure-Led-To--Wrongful-Convictions-of-Central-Park-5
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:33:01
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Research on “Sentinel Events” and Criminal Justice System Errors
AU  - National Institute of Justice
T2  - National Institute of Justice Request for Proposals
AB  - Request for Proposals
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/sl001132.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:45:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using Science to Advance the Police Profession
AU  - Spivak, Howard
AU  - McGough, Maureen
AU  - Rodriguez, Nancy
T2  - Southern Illinois University Law Journal
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 40
SP  - 457
EP  - 4 73
UR  - https://law.siu.edu/_common/documents/law-journal/articles-2016/spring-2016/11%20-%20Spivak%20-%20sm.pdf
KW  - Citing the SEI
KW  - SEI Publications
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Sentinel Events Roundtable Summary
AU  - National Institute of Justice
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
PB  - National Institute of Justice
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/243586.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:21:39
KW  - SEI Publications
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - NIJ’s “Sentinel Events Initiative”
A2  - Feucht, Thomas
CY  - NIST International Forensics Symposium
DA  - 2015/07/21/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/director/mending_justice_and_learning_from_error_NIJs_sentinel_events_initiative-feucht-crim1.pdf
KW  - SEI Publications
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FY 2017 BJA Sentinel Events Initiative  Demonstration Project: Technical Assistance Provider (Request for Proposals)
AU  - Bureau of Justice Assistance
AB  - Sentinel Events Initiative Technical Assistence provider RFP.
DA  - 2017/06//
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.bja.gov/funding/SEI17.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - To Err is Human: Using Science to Reduce Mistaken Eyewitness Identifications Through Police Lineups
AU  - McGough, Maureen
T2  - National Institute of Justice
AB  - Researchers take police lineup studies from the laboratory to the field.
DA  - 2012/06/15/
PY  - 2012
VL  - 270
ST  - To Err is Human
UR  - http://www.nij.gov:80/journals/270/Pages/reduce-eyewitness-mistakes.aspx
Y2  - 2017/06/14/21:33:51
KW  - SEI Publications
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - After DNA Exoneration, The Beatrice Six Share False Memories Of Murder
AU  - All Things Considered
AB  - DNA exonerated six people who had been convicted of killing an elderly woman in Nebraska in the 1980s. But several of the exonerees confessed to the crime and still recall details of the scene. NPR's Audie Cornish talks with Rachel Aviv of The New Yorker about her reporting on why the so-called Beatrice Six created false memories around the crime.
DA  - 2017/06/15/
PY  - 2017
PB  - NPR
UR  - http://www.npr.org/2017/06/15/533102554/after-dna-exoneration-the-beatrice-six-share-false-memories-of-murder
Y2  - 2017/06/19/12:04:04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from Error in American Criminal Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
UR  - https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7346&context=jclc
N1  - <p>Learning from Error in American Criminal Justice</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Widening the Lens on Blame
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - New York Times
AB  - Next week, the National Institute of Justice is expected to release a special report, “Mending Justice: Sentinel Event Reviews,” which concludes that the criminal justice system has a hard time squarely facing its mistakes. The report, by the research division of the Justice Department, urges all branches of criminal justice to consider adopting the approaches used in medicine and aviation to study — and reduce — errors.
DA  - 2014/09/02/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/nyregion/widening-the-lens-on-blame.html
Y2  - 2016/08/23/13:55:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ready for the Psychologists: Learning from Eyewitness Errors
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Court Review
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 48
SP  - 4
EP  - 48
UR  - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6992/d934c0af8984d9d03c37d5262f9055f71602.pdf
N1  - <p>Ready for the Psychologists: Learning from Eyewitness Errors</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: INCREASING CRIMINAL PROSECUTION RELIABILITY THROUGH STATEWIDE SYSTEMATIC IMPROVEMENT PROCEDURES
AU  - Cutino, Josh
T2  - Lewis and Clark Law Review
AB  - Several district attorney offices have established conviction integrity units
and instituted programmatic reform as a result of wrongful convictions.
However, reform only as a result of a wrongful conviction misses countless
opportunities to reduce errors, identify best practices, and improve
processes. This Comment explores various organizational models to reduce
error and capture best practices in an effort to assist district attorneys
in bolstering the effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of criminal
prosecutions. Ultimately, district attorneys should establish systematic
procedures for assessing errors and improving internal processes. Part II
describes various conviction integrity unit models created by district attorneys.
Part III introduces the sentinel-event review process as a means
of reducing error. Part IV describes different organizational procedures
for institutionalizing and distributing best practices, such as the U.S.
Air Force and New York State’s criminal justice Best Practices Committee.
I conclude in Part V by arguing that district attorneys should learn
from these various programs, partner with police agencies and other
stakeholders, and establish statewide organizations to capture and disseminate
best practices.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9B5T6q5Es6c
DA  - 2016/10/24/
PY  - 2016
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1091
UR  - http://law.lclark.edu/live/files/22773-lcb203art07cutinocompletepdf
Y2  - 2017/03/27/15:11:43
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Learning How To Learn (Together) From Justice Errors
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Criminal justice reform is having its moment in the public square. The gatekeepers—editors, publishers, producers, bloggers, and the “most-followed” social media posters—have decided to grant criminal justice issues some attention. These media moments always fade. How can reformers exploit the opportunity this one presents? Can something useful be left behind? Since 2011, the National Institute [...]
DA  - 2015/11/10/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/11/10/2015-11-learning-how-to-learn-together-from-justice-errors/
Y2  - 2017/05/26/16:41:29
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/11/10/2015-11-learning-how-to-learn-together-from-justice-errors/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Justice Dilemma: When the Cure is Worse Than the Disease
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - We’re now paying the price for simplistic assumptions that establishing “control” is a requisite for tackling the roots of criminal behavior. Could sensible, evidence-based approaches help make communities safer?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/V7vWCmhZmYs
DA  - 2017/05/18/
PY  - 2017
ST  - The Justice Dilemma
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/05/18/the-justice-dilemma-when-the-cure-is-worse-than-the-disease/
Y2  - 2017/05/19/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/05/18/the-justice-dilemma-when-the-cure-is-worse-than-the-disease/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - A New Way to Reform the Judicial System - The New Yorker
AU  - Starr, Douglass
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - A series of experiments over the past year has aimed to build similar safeguards into the justice system. A veteran Boston defense attorney, James Doyle, observed the proliferation of exoneration cases in the post-DNA era and has worked on a number of reform efforts. “No one gets into this job to convict innocent people,” he told me. “The real problem is developing the capability for dealing with inevitable mistakes.” He wondered if “sentinel event analysis”— reviewing legal errors in a blame-free environment—could tease out the sequence of factors that might have contributed to a mistake and, perhaps, lead to a more accident-proof legal system.
DA  - 2015/03/31/
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-root-of-the-problem
Y2  - 2016/08/22/14:51:14
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Learning in Criminal Justice: Small Cases, Big Lessons
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - When criminal justice fails in a spectacular way—for example, in a wrongful conviction discovered after an innocent man has served 20 years—people find it easy to see the point of using the model employed by the National Transportation Safety Board: investigate the event and see if we can learn some lessons.
DA  - 2014/11/04/
PY  - 2014
ST  - Learning in Criminal Justice
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2014/11/04/2014-11-learning-in-criminal-justice-small-cases-big-lessons/
Y2  - 2016/08/22/14:45:02
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2014/03/04/2014-03-the-paradigm-shift-in-criminal-justice/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Whose Justice Is It?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The phrase “criminal justice system” is everywhere, but no one working in—or writing about—the system day-to-day spends much time debating what sort of “system” this system might actually be. It is what it is. But a recent New York Times account of a startling amicus brief filed by former Justice Department dignitaries (including a former [...]
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/juQ7DxYwasM
DA  - 2015/08/19/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/08/19/2015-08-whose-justice-is-it/
Y2  - 2017/06/05/14:27:59
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Imagining Sentinel Event Reviews in the U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
AU  - Sheil, Janette
AU  - Doyle, James
AU  - Lowenkamp, Christopher T.
T2  - Federal Probation
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/fUX6neGO6Ao
DA  - 2016/09//
PY  - 2016
VL  - 80
SP  - 33
J2  - Fed. Probation
UR  - http://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/usct10024-fedprobation-sept2016_0.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Criminal Justice, the “Simple” Solutions Are Usually Wrong
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AU  - Doyle, James
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Innocent citizens who have experienced the violent impact of systemic failures in criminal justice deserve better than analyses that focus "blame" on individual players.  As the medical and aviation fields have long known,  "who" failed is less important than "why" things failed.
DA  - 2017/01/31/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/01/31/in-criminal-justice-the-simple-solutions-are-usually-wrong/
Y2  - 2017/02/06/22:02:01
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/01/31/in-criminal-justice-the-simple-solutions-are-usually-wrong/
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2017/01/31/in-criminal-justice-the-simple-solutions-are-usually-wrong/
N1  - <p>Doyle:</p>
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">
<table class="IVILX2C-nb-O" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px; width: 910px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">
<td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: top;" align="right" valign="top">
<div class="IVILX2C-nb-e" style="padding: 0px; border: 0px; float: right; white-space: nowrap; zoom: 1; margin: 5px !important 0px 0px 0px;">
<div class="IVILX2C-n-a jfk-button-standard IVILX2C-n-f IVILX2C-nb-i IVILX2C-nb-A" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392); cursor: pointer; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; height: 27px; line-height: 27px; min-width: 34px; outline: 0px; border-radius: 2px 0px 0px 2px; display: inline-block; color: #666666; background-color: #f5f5f5; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f5f5f5, #f1f1f1);"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><img class="gwt-Image IVILX2C-n-d" style="margin: -2px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; opacity: 0.667;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAAVCAYAAACpF6WWAAAAdklEQVR42mNgGAVDHswnwCfLwP94+CSDBqgBCWh8sg1NgGruR+PD8HogLgBiBVINXI/DQHQ8nxjDYYoV0Pj48HsgNqCmS0k2GFeY7ofi+2ji94kNW1js9+OIfQGomvto6qmSTgWgQXae2jlKgJggIDeNjwIaAQBDo0wVdvRN2QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="" width="21" height="21" /></div>
</div>
<div class="IVILX2C-nb-R IVILX2C-nb-T" style="margin: 0px; border: 0px; height: 1.5em; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-align: right; padding: 6px !important 5px 5px 5px;"><span class="IVILX2C-nb-Q IVILX2C-b-Cb" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: #666666; white-space: nowrap;" title="Tuesday, January 31, 2017 at 5:04:47 PM UTC-5">Jan 31</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="IVILX2C-ed-a" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 44px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; border: 0px; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">
<div class="IVILX2C-nb-P" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: #222222; line-height: normal;">
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; overflow: auto;">
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; max-height: 10000px;">
<div dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">A Crime Report piece by Professor Andrew Guthrie Ferguson and yours truly concerning a Washington Post presentation on failed Youth Act sentences:  <a style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: #6611cc; cursor: pointer;" href="http://thecrimereport.org/2017/01/31/in-criminal-justice-the-simple-solutions-are-usually-wrong/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">http://thecrimereport.org/2017/01/31/in-criminal-justice-the-simple-solutions-are-usually-wrong/</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Paradigm Shift in Criminal Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - We may look back on 2014 as the year in which the criminal justice system finally agreed to see itself as a system.
DA  - 2014/03/04/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://thecrimereport.org/2014/03/04/2014-03-the-paradigm-shift-in-criminal-justice/
Y2  - 2016/08/22/14:47:21
L2  - http://thecrimereport.org/2014/03/04/2014-03-the-paradigm-shift-in-criminal-justice/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - What Criminal Justice Can Learn From Its Bad Outcomes
AU  - Doyle, James M.
AU  - Starheim, Rianna
T2  - Governing
AB  - In Milwaukee, an offender committed murder while released on supervision. In Seattle, questions remained over how a deadly police encounter unfolded. In New York City, fatigued officers made questionable decisions during a routine traffic stop. We can agree that these scenarios reflect system failings. However, the criminal justice system lacks a mechanism to examine these events and effectively prevent their recurrence.
DA  - 2018/02/05/
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://www.governing.com/gov-institute/voices/col-criminal-justice-sentinel-events-risk-mitigation.html
Y2  - 2018/02/09/22:37:28
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Learning About Learning From Error
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Ideas in American Policing
AB  - If we can learn, as
medicine has learned, to
treat errors as sentinel
events to be studied rather
than embarrassments to be
buried, we can all do a
much better job.
DA  - 2012/05//
PY  - 2012
PB  - Police Foundation
SN  - 14
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Doyle-2012-Learning-About-Learning-From-Error.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:17:12
N1  - <p>Cites Learning From Error (Doyle, 2010)</p>
KW  - Doyle Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Systems Approach to Error Reduction in Criminal Justice
AU  - Hollway, John
T2  - Faculty Scholarship
AB  - The “systems approach” has been used, improved, and refined over time to improve safety and reduce errors in a variety of complex, high-risk industries, including health care, aviation, and manufacturing, among others. Such an approach targets the system for improvement rather than specific individuals within the system, and seeks to provide an environment that maximizes each participant’s ability to act safely and in a way that achieves the goals of the system. It prizes a non-punitive culture of disclosure to identify errors, gathers and applies data to understand the causes of the error, and tests systems changes to prevent future errors. This focus on system improvement, rather than on individual punishment or blame, unites all participants around objective criteria and allows each participant to do his or her job more efficiently, accurately and safely.
DA  - 2014/02/01/
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/976
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Learning from Error in the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Mason, Carol
T2  - Office of Justice Programs Blog
AB  - The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) About Us page provides information about OJP and the OJP bureaus and offices, including mission statements, goals and priorities, contact information, and policy and guidance resources.
DA  - 2014/09/16/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://ojp.gov/ojpblog/learningfromerror.htm
Y2  - 2017/06/27/16:45:50
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Progressive Prosecutor’s Handbook
AU  - Sklansky, David Alan
T2  - UC Davis Law Review
AB  - Faced with the November election results and the initial steps taken
by the new Administration, many criminal justice reformers are turning
their eyes to state and county officials, especially to the growing
number of local prosecutors who have won office by promising a more
thoughtful and evenhanded application of criminal statutes. Suppose
you are one of those prosecutors. Imagine you defeated an incumbent
you successfully argued was too tied to the past — too much a
champion of harsh, racially disproportionate punishment, too heedless
of the risk of convicting innocent people, too protective of the police,
too lackadaisical in supervising his or her own staff. Since criminal
justice is mainly a state and local responsibility, your policies could
mean much more for the quality of justice in your jurisdiction than
anything that takes place in Washington.1 You swept to victory
promising reform. What do you do now?




https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/J5lHWtBdm6Y
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 50
IS  - 25
UR  - https://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/online/vol50/Sklansky.pdf
N1  - <p>Independent reviews of credible claims of wrongful conviction are<br />important not just to ensure that justice is done but also so that your<br />office can learn from its mistakes. An exoneration should be an occasion<br />for root cause analysis: what went wrong, and how can your office avoid<br />similar blunders in the future? That kind of analysis is common in many<br />fields: doctors have morbidity and mortality conferences; the military has<br />after-action reviews; the aviation industry studies near misses.<br />Prosecutors rarely engage in anything of the kind. Since 2011, the<br />National Institute of Justice has been exploring the use of “sentinel<br />event” analysis in the criminal justice; that initiative has produced<br />concrete guidelines for building systems that will allow your office, along<br />with the other agencies you regularly interact with, to learn from their<br />mistakes.19 The main idea is to conduct reviews that are routine and<br />ongoing, that are non-blaming, and that involve not just prosecutors but<br />also judges, defense attorneys, and law enforcement officers. You should<br />take the lead on bringing this kind of analysis to your jurisdiction, and<br />there is no reason to limit it to instances where a conviction has been set<br />aside. Mistakes that are caught earlier and do less damage can be<br />opportunities for learning, as well.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are the crime lab scandals ‘Public Safety’s Chernobyl’?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Massachusetts Lawyer Weekly
AB  - The chemotherapy dose required by the 1994 experimental breast cancer protocol was already high. Then the Dana-Faber Cancer Institute administered four times that dosage to Betsy Lehman, the health columnist for The Boston Globe. Lehman died within days. For two months the hospital didn’t realize that the overdose had caused her death.
DA  - 2018/02/15/
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://masslawyersweekly.com/2018/02/15/are-the-crime-lab-scandals-public-safetys-chernobyl/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Who’s Really to Blame for Police ‘Testilying’?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The reflex reaction to cops caught lying on the witness stand is punishment. But if we really want to curb “testilying,” we need to look deeper at the systemic factors that make the practice all too common, says a Boston attorney.
DA  - 2018/03/29/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2018/03/29/whos-really-to-blame-for-police-testilying/
Y2  - 2018/04/09/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A 'hellish world': the mental health crisis in America's prisons
AU  - Roth, Alisa
T2  - the Guardian
AB  - In America, jails and prisons have become the nation’s de facto mental healthcare providers – and the results are chilling
DA  - 2018/03/31/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
ST  - A 'hellish world'
UR  - http://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/mar/31/mental-health-care-crisis-overwhelming-prison-jail
Y2  - 2018/04/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Systems Failures in Policing
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
T2  - Suffolk University Law Review, Forthcoming
AB  - This Essay, an adaptation of my 2018 Donahue Lecture, argues that acts of police violence and overreach should be viewed as systems failures. Researchers who study error in aviation, medicine, and other complex organizations agree that errors are the product of human failings and poorly designed systems. When tragedies occur, human error almost always plays a role — people misperceive information, process it incorrectly, make careless mistakes, and sometimes act recklessly or maliciously. But faulty systems also play a role — technologies can be confusing, rigorous schedules can fatigue workers, organizational culture can stifle productive communication, and policies can put workers in situations where they have to make difficult decisions under conditions of high stress. A key insight of this body of research is that it is impossible to cure limitations of human perception, cognition, and decisionmaking. Instead of focusing exclusively on training people to change their behavior — and threatening them with criminal, civil, or department sanctions if they fail to do so — the systems approach adjusts equipment, schedules, protocols, and policies in ways that can make it harder for people to err and can reduce the impact of error when it inevitably occurs.A focus on systems contributors to error has been used for decades to improve the safety of aviation, nuclear power, and other complex industries. Over the past thirty or so years, medicine has adopted some of aviation’s strategies. It is time for law enforcement to embrace a systems approach. When a person is shot by the police we must still examine whether the shooting was justified, and officers should continue to be disciplined, sued, and prosecuted when they violate department policy or the law. But then conversation must turn to whether the shooting was preventable, and the ways in which technology, schedules, protocols, and policies could be adjusted to prevent another shooting in the future. The shift in perspective will likely be harder in policing than it has been in medicine or aviation, but is necessary if we want to make policing safer.
DA  - 2018/05/16/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3179889
Y2  - 2018/05/18/16:48:27
KW  - Policing
KW  - safety
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Sentinel Events: Justice System Disasters
AU  - Harris, David
AB  - The criminal justice system is designed to enforce accountability when bad things happen. But when it comes to preventing them from happening in the first place, courts and law enforcement agencies could learn a thing or two from the aviation and healthcare industries.
DA  - 2018/06/01/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
ST  - #73 Sentinel Events
UR  - http://www.criminalinjusticepodcast.com/blog/2018/1/31/73-sentinel-events-justice-system-disasters
Y2  - 2018/06/01/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Parkland Shooting Suspect Lost Special-Needs Help at School When He Needed It Most
AU  - Mazzei, Patricia
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A report commissioned by the school district in Parkland, Fla., said Nikolas Cruz generally received the help he needed but lost access to it by mistake.
DA  - 2018/08/05/
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/04/us/parkland-florida-nikolas-cruz.html
Y2  - 2018/09/24/15:59:29
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Broward County (Fla)
KW  - Cruz, Nikolas
KW  - Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, Fla)
KW  - Parkland (Fla)
KW  - Parkland, Fla, Shooting (2018)
KW  - School Shootings and Armed Attacks
KW  - Special Education
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How the Justice System Can Learn From 'Frequent Fliers’
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - For some Americans, health care and criminal justice are not two separate systems, but components of one big system that too often fails them. Frustrated cops call them “frequent fliers” because they regularly cycle between jail and hospital, so why do we  think we can fix one without the other?
DA  - 2018/08/07/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2018/08/07/how-the-justice-system-can-learn-from-frequent-flyers/
Y2  - 2018/09/24/16:05:32
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Essay: A 'Safety Model' Perspective Can Aid Diagnosis, Prevention, and Restoration after Criminal Justice Harms
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Santa Clara Law Review
AB  - An essay discussing an embryonic "Safety Model" derived from literature and practice mobilized in high risk industry, aviation, and medicine that promises to enhance criminal justice as public safety.
DA  - 2018/05/02/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
VL  - Available on SSRN
IS  - Forthcoming
LA  - en
ST  - Essay
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171542
Y2  - 2018/09/24/17:38:24
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - sentinel events
KW  - criminal justice error
KW  - learning reviews
KW  - public safety
KW  - restorative justice
KW  - system error in criminal justice
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Chicago Cops and Justice: Will the Past Cripple the Future?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - A draft consent decree aimed at curbing abuse of force and racial bias in the Chicago police department is now circulating for comment. But it may not solve the underlying issues, writes a Boston attorney.
DA  - 2018/08/29/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
ST  - Chicago Cops and Justice
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2018/08/29/chicago-justice-will-the-past-cripple-the-future/
Y2  - 2018/10/03/15:37:38
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Mondernizing Parole Statutes: Guidance from Evidence-Based Practice
AU  - McVey, Catherin
AU  - Rhine
AU  - Reynolds
AB  - The Parole Release and Revocation Project of the Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice
is committed to engaging releasing authorities in both indeterminate and determinate sentencing states
in examining all aspects of the discretionary parole release and post-release violations process. A central
goal of this project is to contribute to the enhancement of decision-making at every stage. To accomplish
this goal, the Parole Release and Revocation Project partners with select jurisdictions on issues related
to parole release decision-making; researches and publishes legal and statutory state parole profiles; and
publishes survey and other findings focusing on releasing authorities.



P. 18 Transparency also includes a thoughtful response to
a critical incident, typically when a person on parole
commits a high-visibility, violent crime. A formal review
of the critical incident to determine any system failing
is a longstanding, recognized practice in law enforcement
and institutional corrections. Paroling authorities
typically have not engaged in a formal critical incident
review process to analyze how and why the event
occurred and to determine if any corrective actions are
warranted. However, the National Institute of Justice
has been investigating the feasibility of using “sentinel
event reviews” since 2011 and has embarked on a project
called the “Sentinel Events Initiative”.
64
CY  - University of Minnisota
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
PB  - Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice
UR  - http://www.apaintl.org/resources/documents/publications/modern_parole_statutes.pdf
Y2  - 2018/10/03/15:45:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - BEYOND BAD APPLES:ADOPTING SENTINEL EVENT REVIEWS IN NEVADA’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
AU  - Aguirre, Beatriz
T2  - University of Nevada Law Journal
AB  - I would also like to acknowledge
my internship supervisors at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Office for Access to Justice who exposed me to this topic and to Maureen McGough with the National Institute of Justice
for answering my questions about sentinel event reviews.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1089
UR  - https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1756&context=nlj
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Scientifical Protocols for Fire Investigation
AU  - Lentini, John
T2  - Fire Scientist Newsletter
AB  - Scientific Protocols for Fire Investigation, Third Edition focuses on the practical application of fundamental scientific principles to determine the causes of fires. Originally published in 2006, the First Edition was very well received by fire investigators and those who work with them. Since fire investigation is a rapidly evolving field―driven by new discoveries about fire behavior―the Second Edition was published in late 2012.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/w3onzTAnlqA

John Lentini: The introduction to Chapter 9 does give a shout out to sentinel event reviews, but the individual case studies all focus on the sharp end operators who got the ball rolling. The introduction is attached in manuscript form.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
ET  - 3
UR  - http://www.firescientist.com/newsletter4.php
Y2  - 2018/10/12/16:58:14
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Wrongful Convictions as a Sentinel Event
AU  - Cleary, Patrick
T2  - The Constitution Project
AB  - Now, the Department of Justice is introducing a promising new test program that is designed to support systemic changes to the criminal justice system. Two years ago, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research agency of the Department of Justice, began to examine how to develop a process that would analyze mistakes in the criminal justice system in a way to better prevent errors from occurring in the future. The NIJ observed that the similar errors were repeating across the country and that the current reforms were not adequately providing solutions. The NIJ hypothesized that the system’s inadequacies were not caused by structural defects but, rather, by the underlying cultural influences that pressure individuals into making a series of individual mistakes that collectively lead to organizational errors. The problem the NIJ discovered was that the criminal justice system does not lend itself to an honest self-evaluation, as the Attorney General notes, “Practitioners in an adversarial system that probes, refutes, and defends do not, in general, concede fault readily.” The NIJ’s challenge was to develop a blame-free process that would allow for open and honest evaluation of errors that would uncover the underlying precursors that cause the mistakes.
DA  - 2014/09/12/
PY  - 2014
M3  - The Constitution Project
UR  - https://constitutionproject.org/documents/wrongful-convictions-as-a-sentinel-event/
Y2  - 2018/10/12/17:31:46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Tale of Two Countries: Examining the Regulation of Prosecutorial Discretion and Misconduct in Canada and the United States by Stephen Wilks, Charles MacLean :: SSRN
AU  - Wilks, Stephen
AU  - Maclean, Charles
T2  - Ottawa Faculty of Law Working Paper
AB  - Note 123 Funding from the US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs has
recently catalyzed research into sentinel events research. Borrowed from medical sentinel event research,
criminal justice sentinel events are clusters of cases betraying a systemic flaw. The sentinel event approach
allows public review of multiple related cases at once intending to identify root causes and generate
systemic solutions. For a brief overview, see National Institute of Justice, “The Sentinel Event Initiative:
Proceedings from an Expert Roundtable” (Roundtable at the National Institute of Justice, 21 May 2013)
DA  - 2013/12/04/
PY  - 2013
SP  - 38
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2362928&download=yes
Y2  - 2018/10/12/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Justice Systems Test "Sentinel Event Analysis" To Prevent Mistakes
AU  - Handelman, Stephen
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - "Sentinel event analysis," a process traditionally not used in criminal justice but entrenched in the health-care and transportation industries, now is being tested to help prevent major justice errors,
DA  - 2015/04/02/
PY  - 2015
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/02/2015-04-nykr-on-cj-errors/
Y2  - 2018/11/05/16:11:25
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Learning from Error in Criminal Justice: A Sentinel Events Approach
AU  - McGough, Maureen
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Justice Clearinghouse
AB  - In criminal justice, a “sentinel event” is a bad outcome that might include a death in custody, routine police encounter that escalates to violence, mishandling of evidence, wrongful conviction, or “near miss,” in which a negative event is narrowly avoided. Too often, the criminal justice system fails to learn from these bad outcomes. Drawing inspiration from aviation, medicine, and other high-risk fields, the Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI) takes an alternative approach. SEI advocates for non-blaming, all-stakeholder, forward-looking reviews of sentinel events, to learn from these events in an effort to prevent their recurrence. 

This webinar:
• outlines the sentinel events approach,
• shares how criminal justice practitioners can implement sentinel event reviews in their jurisdictions,
• includes information about a National Demonstration Project being implemented across the country by the National Institute of Justice and the Bureau of Justice Assistance.
DA  - 2018/10/30/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://justiceclearinghouse.com/resource/learning-from-error-in-criminal-justice-a-sentinel-events-approach/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Implementing the Lessons from Wrongful Convictions: An Empirical Analysis of Eyewitness Identification Reform Strategies
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
AB  - Learning about the flaws in the criminal justice system that have produced wrongful convictions has progressed at a dramatic pace since the first innocent individuals were exonerated by postconviction DNA testing in 1989. Application of that knowledge to improving the criminal justice system, however, has lagged far behind the growth in knowledge. Likewise, while considerable scholarship has been devoted to identifying the factors that produce wrongful convictions, very little scholarly attention has been devoted to the processes through which knowledge about causes is translated into reform. Using eyewitness misidentification -- one of the leading contributors to wrongful convictions and the most thoroughly and scientifically studied of those contributors -- as the focus, this Article begins to fill that void by empirically analyzing a variety of approaches to eyewitness identification reform that have been attempted. This Article establishes a taxonomy of reform efforts ranging from top-down, command-and-control legislation, to entirely bottom-up, essentially laissez-faire approaches, to a hybrid that builds on emerging notions of democratic experimentalism -- a form of "new governance" -- to foster bottom-up experimentation by imposing obligations on police while giving them the freedom to develop their own locally tailored responses to the problem of eyewitness error. The bulk of the empirical analysis assesses the effects of the bottom-up experimentalist approaches to reform, as a contrast to command-and-control approaches. The analysis draws on previously collected national survey data as well as data from a few individual states, most prominently new data developed for this Article on the attempt to foster bottom-up eyewitness identification reform in Wisconsin. While more research is required before one can draw conclusions about which approach works best, the data suggest that the democratic experimentalist model shows promise for considerable, albeit imperfect, implementation of social-science-based eyewitness identification reforms.

From Page 380:
While the research has largely addressed these specific error
points, it has also approached the problem from a systems perspective, viewing error not just as, or even primarily, the result of individual and isolated human errors, but as the product of systemic and institutional arrangements that permit or create conditions for error.11
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/01/11/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2713963
ST  - Implementing the Lessons from Wrongful Convictions
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2713963
Y2  - 2018/11/05/19:07:44
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - criminal justice reform
KW  - innocence movement
KW  - democratic experimentalism
KW  - double-blind sequential
KW  - eyewitness identification
KW  - innocence
KW  - new governance
KW  - policing
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - If It is Broke[n], Fix It: Innovative Approaches to Diagnosing, Repairing, and Improving Systems
AU  - Doyle, James M.
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory
AU  - Ely, Amy
AU  - Smith, Jenniffer
T2  - National Association of Attorney Generals
AB  - The panelists will discuss their experiences with identifying, diagnosing, and addressing structural
challenges and problems. You will be introduced to the National Institute of Justice’s Sentinel Event Initiative; hear one approach to addressing the opioid epidemic; and learn how the Washington, D.C. crime lab went from shutting down DNA testing to eliminating its rape kit backlog in just two years.
DA  - 2018/06/21/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vimeo.com/276327926
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Profiles in Innovation: The NIJ Sentinel Events Initiative
A2  - Spivak, Howard
CY  - Penn Quattrone Center
DA  - 2017/04/26/
PY  - 2017
ST  - Profiles in Innovation
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAAO2XURlIw
Y2  - 2018/11/05/19:37:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Conviction Integrity Units, Innocence Commissions Tackle Wrongful Convictions, Prosecutorial Misconduct | Criminal Legal News
AU  - Horn, Steve
T2  - Criminal Legal News
AB  - In that vein, the U.S. Department of Justice’s National Institute of Justice – surprisingly under the presidency of Donald Trump – has launched Sentinel Events Initiative, which gave a $1.6 million grant to the University of Pennsylvania in 2017 to perform reviews along the lines presented in the paper by Gould and Leo, or what the DOJ has called technical assistance reviews.

“Through the Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI), we are focused on learning from system weaknesses in criminal justice and transforming the culture into one of safety, transparency, and commitment to continual improvement,” wrote Howard Spivak, then the acting director and now the deputy director of the National Institute of Justice, in a report done by the Justice Department about its Sentinel Events Initiative. “The SEI is supporting the development and broad adoption of a rigorous approach that not only reveals system weaknesses, but also identifies high-priority areas where further scientific exploration can support system improvements.”
DA  - 2018/11/05/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.criminallegalnews.org/news/2018/oct/25/conviction-integrity-units-innocence-commissions-tackle-wrongful-convictions-prosecutorial-misconduct/
Y2  - 2018/11/05/19:47:16
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Kim Rossmo Discusses Investigative Failures
AU  - Ratcliffe, Jerry
AB  - Kim Rossmo discusses his latest work trying to better understand investigative failures and why solvable cases go cold.  Date: 11/2018
LA  - en
M1  - 2018
UR  - https://player.fm/series/reducing-crime/ep-04-kim-rossmo
Y2  - 2018/11/23/16:08:45
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Risk Management in Law Enforcement: Discussions on Identifying and Mitigating Risk for Officers, Departments, and the Public
AU  - Copple, Colleen K.
AU  - Copple, James E.
AB  - From the COPS [Community Oriented Policing Services] website: In the course of executing their duties, law enforcement agencies are vulnerable to costly lawsuits by officers and community members for claims of misconduct, harm, or violation of rights - lawsuits that can undermine not only the financial security of the agencies but also the well-being of the officers and the public they serve. To help law enforcement identify and minimize these risks, the COPS Office and Strategic Applications International (SAI) convened a forum that included representatives of labor unions, local government, law enforcement agencies, and the community. This report, which details the discussions of that forum, covers all aspects of this critical subject, including departmental leadership's role, recruitment policies, and police-community relations. Readers will also find tools for sharing risk management and a description of the roles and responsibilities of government, risk managers, insurers, unions, and the community in this effort. The appendices provide a summary of the forum's recommendations and a list of resources for risk management.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - www.hsdl.org
LA  - en
PB  - Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
ST  - Risk Management in Law Enforcement
UR  - https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=818145
Y2  - 2019/03/08/22:10:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hitting (or missing) the mark: An examination of police shooting accuracy in officer-involved shooting incidents
AU  - Donner, Christopher M.
AU  - Popovich, Nicole
T2  - Policing: An International Journal
DA  - 2018/10/31/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2018-0060
DP  - emeraldinsight.com (Atypon)
J2  - Policing: Int J.
SN  - 1363-951X
ST  - Hitting (or missing) the mark
UR  - https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2018-0060
Y2  - 2019/03/11/17:25:09
KW  - Hit rates
KW  - Police accountability
KW  - Police training
KW  - Police use of deadly force
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Police Misconduct Is Increasingly a Financial Issue
AU  - Farmer, Liz
AB  - Lawsuits are costing governments millions, and, in some cases, forcing them to shut down departments.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UN7lAQ1bEyw
DA  - 2018/06/20/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.governing.com/topics/finance/gov-police-misconduct-growing-financial-issue.html
Y2  - 2019/04/08/14:55:31
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chicago’s Police Suicide Rate Is Higher Than National Average
AU  - Smith, Patrick
T2  - WBEZ
AB  - CPD has pledged to add more department therapists, but ratio of clinicians to officers will still be worse than other departments.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/OKjf6QdAELs
DA  - 2019/02/11/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/chicagos-police-suicide-rate-is-higher-than-national-average-whats-being-done-about-it/20540807-ccb3-4cce-a0b0-d14ec97a7030
Y2  - 2019/04/08/14:58:09
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Obama officials failed to focus as fentanyl burned its way across America
AU  - Higham, Scott
AU  - Horwitz, Sari
AU  - Zezima, Katie
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Despite mounting deaths and warnings, the administration did not take extraordinary measures to confront an extraordinary crisis, experts say.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NoYpw60LYvE
DA  - 2019/03/13/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/national/fentanyl-epidemic-obama-administration/
Y2  - 2019/04/08/15:44:07
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Shawn Armbrust column: It's time to talk about the cost of wrongful convictions
AU  - Armbrust, Shawn
T2  - Richmond Times-Dispatch
AB  - The Virginia House of Delegates killed a bill last month that would have created a legal remedy for people convicted based on forensic science we now know was wrong.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0fqgBneecQc
DA  - 2019/03/18/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
ST  - Shawn Armbrust column
UR  - https://www.richmond.com/opinion/their-opinion/guest-columnists/shawn-armbrust-column-it-s-time-to-talk-about-the/article_ca7a875a-a58c-5133-9d7d-3b7f0e72b67e.html
Y2  - 2019/04/08/16:04:46
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Ambiguous Reality of Police Integrity
AU  - Kosor, Renee D.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Can integrity and ethical decision-making be an integral part of police officers’ training? Can it be sustained in the hard realities of police work? In a new podcast on policing, researchers and officers themselves offer candid assessments.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/B5xgztZK8nI
DA  - 2019/04/02/T12:16:10+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/04/02/the-ambiguous-reality-of-police-integrity/
Y2  - 2019/04/08/16:07:54
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Jennifer Thompson: Healing as a crime survivor of a wrongful conviction
AU  - Zack, Emma
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - In honor of Women's History Month, we interviewed Jennifer Thompson, crime survivor, wrongful conviction advocate and the founder of Healing Justice.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WsktRDSZyto
DA  - 2019/03/27/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
ST  - Jennifer Thompson
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/healing-as-a-crime-survivor-of-a-wrongful-conviction/
Y2  - 2019/04/08/16:09:21
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - The day before the Chernobyl disaster
AU  - Rosenwald, Mike
AB  - April 2019. 
Disasters don’t just happen. Like anything in life, there’s usually a buildup. In the case of the Chernobyl disaster, the series of failures stretched back more than a decade. But what happened the day before the explosion?
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/my7HH2uh3go
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/podcasts/retropod/the-day-before-the-chernobyl-disaster/
Y2  - 2019/04/08/16:20:53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Simulation Based Dynamic Evaluation Framework for System-wide Algorithmic Fairness
AU  - Cruz Cortés, Efrén
AU  - Ghosh, Debashis
T2  - arXiv e-prints
AB  - We propose the use of Agent Based Models (ABMs) inside a reinforcement 
learning framework in order to better understand the relationship
between automated decision making tools, fairness-inspired statistical
constraints, and the social phenomena giving rise to discrimination
towards sensitive groups. There have been many instances of
discrimination occurring due to the applications of algorithmic tools by
public and private institutions. Until recently, these practices have
mostly gone unchecked. Given the large-scale transformation these new
technologies elicit, a joint effort of social sciences and machine
learning researchers is necessary. Much of the research has been done on
determining statistical properties of such algorithms and the data they
are trained on. We aim to complement that approach by studying the
social dynamics in which these algorithms are implemented. We show how
bias can be accumulated and reinforced through automated decision
making, and the possibility of finding a fairness inducing policy. We
focus on the case of recidivism risk assessment by considering
simplified models of arrest. We find that if we limit our attention to
what is observed and manipulated by these algorithmic tools, we may
determine some blatantly unfair practices as fair, illustrating the
advantage of analyzing the otherwise elusive property with a system-wide
model. We expect the introduction of agent based simulation techniques
will strengthen collaboration with social scientists, arriving at a
better understanding of the social systems affected by technology and to
hopefully lead to concrete policy proposals that can be presented to
policymakers for a true systemic transformation.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/biMUHXIE7uI
DA  - 2019/03/01/
PY  - 2019
DP  - NASA ADS
VL  - 1903
SP  - arXiv:1903.09209
J2  - arXiv e-prints
UR  - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019arXiv190309209C
Y2  - 2019/04/08/17:50:47
KW  - Computer Science - Computers and Society
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Policing, Danger Narratives, and Routine Traffic Stops
AU  - Woods, Jordan
T2  - Michigan Law Review
AB  - This Article presents findings from the largest and most comprehensive study to date on violence against the police during traffic stops. Every year, police officers conduct tens of millions of traffic stops. Many of these stops are entirely unremarkable—so much so that they may be fairly described as routine. Nonetheless, the narrative that routine traffic stops are fraught with grave and unpredictable danger to the police permeates police training and animates Fourth Amendment doctrine. This Article challenges this dominant danger narrative and its centrality within key institutions that regulate the police.

The presented study is the first to offer an estimate for the danger rates of routine traffic stops to law enforcement officers. I reviewed a comprehensive dataset of thousands of traffic stops that resulted in violence against officers across more than 200 law enforcement agencies in Florida over a 10-year period.  The findings reveal that violence against officers was rare and that incidents that do involve violence are typically low risk and do not involve weapons. Under a conservative estimate, the rate for a felonious killing of an officer during a routine traffic stop was only 1 in every 6.5 million stops, the rate for an assault resulting in serious injury to an officer was only 1 in every 361,111 stops, and the rate for an assault against officers (whether it results in injury or not) was only 1 in every 6,959 stops.
DA  - 2019/02/01/
PY  - 2019
VL  - 117
IS  - 4
SP  - 635
EP  - 712
SN  - 0026-2234
UR  - https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol117/iss4/2
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why storytelling enhances the power of data
AU  - Baxter, Amy
T2  - Health Exec
AB  - Data continues to play an increasingly outsized role in healthcare. From tracking patient vitals and electronic health records to monitoring costs, data has changed the way doctors and operators provide care.

However, data alone can’t bring in new partnerships and build a successful healthcare operator. There has to be a story behind the data to help get new models of care off the ground, according to partners with PwC, who spoke at ACHE's Congress on Healthcare Leadership conference in Chicago.
DA  - 2019/03/07/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.healthexec.com/topics/leadership/why-storytelling-enhances-power-data
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:06:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Research in the Ranks: Empowering Law Enforcement to Drive Their Own Scientific Inquiry
AU  - McGough, Maureen Q
T2  - NIJ Journal
AB  - NIJ seeks to advance the law enforcement profession through science with its innovative LEADS Scholars and LEADS Agencies programs.
DA  - 2018/10/28/
PY  - 2018
IS  - 280
LA  - en-US
ST  - Research in the Ranks
UR  - https://nij.gov:443/journals/280/Pages/research-in-the-ranks.aspx
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:09:01
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Boeing Was ‘Go, Go, Go’ to Beat Airbus With the 737 Max
AU  - Gelles, David
AU  - Kitroeff, Natalie
AU  - Nicas, Jack
AU  - Ruiz, Rebecca R.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Caught short by its rival’s gains, Boeing raced to update its workhorse jet rather than design a new one. Workers describe a hectic project, but say they hadn’t felt safety was compromised.
DA  - 2019/03/25/T12:56:26.347Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Business
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/23/business/boeing-737-max-crash.html
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:12:45
KW  - Airlines and Airplanes
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Airbus Industrie
KW  - American Airlines
KW  - Boeing 737 Max Groundings and Safety Concerns (2019)
KW  - Boeing Company
KW  - Engineering and Engineers
KW  - Factories and Manufacturing
KW  - Pilots
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Report on Laura Levis’s death cites Somerville Hospital’s parent company
AU  - Reporter, Priyanka Dayal McCluskey-
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The report stops short of blaming any individuals for the 2016 incident, in which Levis was locked outside the Somerville Hospital emergency room during an asthma attack.
DA  - 2019/03/28/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/03/28/report-laura-levis-death-faults-hospital-parent-company/FJ7pYLLHuiFPWirzJMRK8J/story.html
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:19:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Orwell's Elephant and the Etiology of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - This article applies to wrongful convictions a general etiology, or manner of causation, frequently employed in aviation, medicine, and other safety-oriented,
DA  - 2016/12/08/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
VL  - 16
SP  - 895-
UR  - http://www.albanylawreview.org/Articles/vol79_3/895%20Doyle%20PRODUCTION.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/15/17:39:48
KW  - criminal procedure
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA
AU  - Vaughan, Diane
AB  - When the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, millions of Americans became bound together in a single, historic moment. Many still vividly remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard about the tragedy. In The Challenger Launch Decision, Diane Vaughan recreates the steps leading up to that fateful decision, contradicting conventional interpretations to prove that what occurred at NASA was not skulduggery or misconduct but a disastrous mistake.  Journalists and investigators have historically cited production problems and managerial wrong-doing as the reasons behind the disaster. The Presidential Commission uncovered a flawed decision-making process at the space agency as well, citing a well-documented history of problems with the O-ring and a dramatic last-minute protest by engineers over the Solid Rocket Boosters as evidence of managerial neglect.  Why did NASA managers, who not only had all the information prior to the launch but also were warned against it, decide to proceed? In retelling how the decision unfolded through the eyes of the managers and the engineers, Vaughan uncovers an incremental descent into poor judgment, supported by a culture of high-risk technology. She reveals how and why NASA insiders, when repeatedly faced with evidence that something was wrong, normalized the deviance so that it became acceptable to them.  No safety rules were broken. No single individual was at fault. Instead, the cause of the disaster is a story not of evil but of the banality of organizational life. This powerful work explains why the Challenger tragedy must be reexamined and offers an unexpected warning about the hidden hazards of living in this technological age.
DA  - 1997/04/15/
PY  - 1997
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 600
LA  - en
PB  - University of Chicago Press
SN  - 978-0-226-85176-1
ST  - The Challenger Launch Decision
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=6f6LrdOXO6wC
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=6f6LrdOXO6wC
KW  - Social Science / Sociology / General
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Aeronautics & Astronautics
KW  - Technology & Engineering / General
KW  - Technology & Engineering / History
ER  - 

TY  - MPCT
TI  - The Second Victim
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeSvCEpg6ew Note: Doyle, "This is another, bite-sized piece of a Dekker lecture. In this he discusses "The Second Victim" for our purposes, the analogy is not to the exoneree who was wrongly convicted, but the professional CJS operators who contributed to that result."
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
N1  - <p>November 19<br/>The Second Victim</p>
N1  - <p>November 19<br/>The Second Victim</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Just Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - A just culture protects people's honest mistakes from being seen as culpable. But what is an honest mistake, or rather, when is a mistake no longer honest? It is too simple to assert that there should be consequences for those who 'cross the line'. Lines don't just exist out there, ready to be crossed or obeyed. S Dekker, Griffith University.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
DP  - Google Books
ET  - 2
SP  - 201
LA  - en
PB  - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
SN  - 978-1-4094-4060-4
ST  - Just Culture
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8TVCQAAQBAJ
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8TVCQAAQBAJ
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Medical / Health Risk Assessment
KW  - Psychology / Industrial & Organizational Psychology
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Sidney Dekker on The Second Victim
AU  - Ashil Ranpara
AB  - Professor Sidney Dekker talks about his book The Second Victim
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - YouTube
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeSvCEpg6ew
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:09:10
KW  - nurse
KW  - professor sidney dekker
KW  - Second victim
KW  - victim
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Why we need new accident models
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - http://www4.lu.se/upload/Trafikflyghogskolan/TR2005-02_NewAccidentModels.pdf The models we currently use to understand aerospace safety and accidents are based on a structuralist vocabulary, with mechanistic metaphors that describe the internal workings or failings of operators and their surrounding organizations. Such a view may be increasingly at odds with interpretative demands posed by recent accidents in otherwise very safe systems. Particularly the drift into failure, which represents a large category of residual risk in aerospace, is hard to model (and thereby understand and predict) with structuralist approaches. Drifting into failure is not so much about breakdowns or malfunctioning of components, but about an organization not adapting effectively to the complexity of its structure and environment. This requires aerospace to adopt a true systems approach, which sees sociotechnical complexity not as constituted of parts and their interactions, but as a web of dynamic, evolving relationships and transactions. This can lead to models that can make processes of drift come alive, and help point to more productive countermeasures.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
PB  - Lund University School of Aviation
N1  - <p>Why we need new accident models</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Understanding and Adding to the Investigation Toolbox
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
T2  - Safety Differently
AB  - For the last century, the evolution of accident investigation can be tied to research and the scientific advancements in how we view our work systems[1]. Three major lenses of scientific research e...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/a674JSePM7w
DA  - 2017/04/21/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/understanding-and-adding-to-the-investigation-toolbox/
Y2  - 2017/04/24/
L2  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/understanding-and-adding-to-the-investigation-toolbox/
L2  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/understanding-and-adding-to-the-investigation-toolbox/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unreasonable Probability of Error
AU  - Shugerman, Jed Handelsman
T2  - Yale Law Journal
AB  - Discusses the case Strickland versus Washington in which the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court sought to create a uniform standard to guarantee effective assistance of counsel to criminal defendants and to assure the reliability of a just result. Details of the case; Analysis of errors by courts around the U.S.; Proposals to improve the application of the standard in all ineffectiveness cases and death penalty cases in the country.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
VL  - 111
IS  - 2
SP  - 435
SN  - 00440094
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=5694552&site=ehost-live
AN  - 5694552
N1  - <p>Unreasonable Probability of Error<br/>Shugerman, Jed Handelsman; Source Info: Nov2001, Vol. 111 Issue 2, p435; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration -- United States; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>Unreasonable Probability of Error<br/>Shugerman, Jed Handelsman; Source Info: Nov2001, Vol. 111 Issue 2, p435; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice administration -- United States; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ‘Just culture:’ Improving safety by achieving substantive, procedural and restorative justice
AU  - Dekker, Sidney W. A.
AU  - Breakey, Hugh
T2  - Safety Science
AB  - A ‘just culture’ aims to respond to anxiety about blame-free approaches on the one hand, and a concern about people’s willingness to keep reporting safety-related issues on the other. A just culture sets out the conditions that legitimize managerial intervention in the sanction or restoration of individuals in the organization. In this paper we examine the manifestly important moral and safety issues that a just culture needs to consider. These include substantive justice which prescribes how regulations, rules and procedures themselves are fair and legitimate; procedural justice which sets down processes for determining rule-breaches, offers protections for the accused, and governs who should make such determinations; and restorative justice which aims to restore the status of the individual involved and heal relationships and injuries of victims and the wider community in the wake of an ethical breach.
Just culture approaches need to provide such foundations for a genuinely just safety culture, to be conducive to reporting, engagement and safety improvement.
DA  - 2016/06//
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.01.018
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 85
SP  - 187
EP  - 193
J2  - Safety Science
SN  - 0925-7535
ST  - ‘Just culture
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753516000321
Y2  - 2017/05/08/19:22:33
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753516000321
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753516000321
KW  - BLAME
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Human error
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Restorative justice
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Field Guide to Human Error
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - You are faced with an incident or accident that has a significant human contribution in it. What do you do? How do you make sense out of the controversial and puzzling assessments and actions by people? You basically have two options, and your choice determines the focus, questions, answers and ultimately the success of your probe, as well as the potential for progress on safety: • You can see human error as the cause of trouble; • You can see human error as the symptom of deeper trouble. The first is called the old view of human error, while the second—itself already 25 years in the making—is the new view of human error.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
UR  - http://leonardo-in-flight.nl/PDF/FieldGuide%20to%20Human%20Error.PDF
N1  - <p>Field Guide to Human Error</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rasmussen's legacy and the long arm of rational choice
AU  - Dekker, Sidney W. A.
T2  - Applied Ergonomics
T3  - The Legacy of Jens Rasmussen
AB  - Rational choice theory says that operators and others make decisions by systematically and consciously weighing all possible outcomes along all relevant criteria. This paper first traces the long historical arm of rational choice thinking in the West to Judeo-Christian thinking, Calvin and Weber. It then presents a case study that illustrates the consequences of the ethic of rational choice and individual responsibility. It subsequently examines and contextualizes Rasmussen's legacy of pushing back against the long historical arm of rational choice, showing that bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of normal interactions between people and systems. If we don't understand why people did what they did, Rasmussen suggested, it is not because people behaved inexplicably, but because we took the wrong perspective.
DA  - 2017/03//
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.02.007
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 59, Part B
SP  - 554
EP  - 557
J2  - Applied Ergonomics
SN  - 0003-6870
UR  - //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254
Y2  - 2017/01/25/22:03:48
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254
L4  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254/pdfft?md5=dd7ccb5e916b03854c86bf58aaf3b0f4&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687016300254-main.pdf
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
N1  - <p>Doyle</p>
<p><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">A Sidney Dekker piece on Jens Rasmussen's contribution to skepticism about  assuming that all errors are the result of rational choices that simply weigh up personal advantages and are  often in violation of moral rules choose the most advantageous to the actor.  (e.g., The Agency launches the space shuttle to keep the political climate for the budget moving;  The prosecutor hides the Brady material to win the case and advance career).  </span><a style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687016300254</a></p>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">The argument is:</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">"Bad outcomes are not the result of human immoral choice, but the product of the normal locally rational interactions between people and systems,  through which control is often maintained but sometime lost."</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;">An emphasis on choices dependent on the environment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em>as perceived<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></em>by the actor.  A good example from medicine included to clarify all of this.  Relatively succinct piece. </div>
KW  - Second victim
KW  - Human error
KW  - Incidents
KW  - Rasmussen
KW  - Rational choice
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Managing the risks of organizational accidents
AU  - Reason, James T.
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
VL  - 6
PB  - Ashgate Aldershot
N1  - <p>Managing the risks of organizational accidents</p>
N1  - <p>Managing the risks of organizational accidents</p>
KW  - Just culture
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Human error: models and management
AU  - Reason, James
T2  - Bmj
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
VL  - 320
IS  - 7237
SP  - 768
EP  - 770
SN  - 0959-8138
N1  - <p>Human error: models and management</p>
N1  - <p>Human error: models and management</p>
KW  - Just culture
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Conflicts Between Learning and Accountability in Patient Safety
AU  - Woods, David
T2  - DePaul Law Review
AB  - Doyle: "An article by Woods which talks about omissions in terms of workers developing "covert work rules" that help them to get on with what they see as the "real" job valued by their supervisors, over time this becomes normal, etc. All sorts of interesting issues for leadership, for review, on the hopelessness of end-of-process inspection standing alone."
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 54
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/deplr54&div=24&id=&page=
L2  - http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/deplr54&div=24&id=&page=
N1  - <p>Conflicts Between Learning and Accountability in Patient Safety</p>
N1  - <p>Conflicts Between Learning and Accountability in Patient Safety</p>
KW  - Medical Errors/*prevention & control
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - Sidney Dekker on Just Culture
AU  - Arnold R.
AB  - Human Factors and System Safety, Leading Opinion from Professor Sidney Dekker. Explains Just Culture; why you need it, what it is, and how you get it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t81sDiYjKUk
DA  - 2008/09/11/
PY  - 2008
DP  - YouTube
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t81sDiYjKUk
Y2  - 2017/02/23/17:08:06
KW  - Safety
KW  - Just culture
KW  - Culture of safety
KW  - Law
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Control
KW  - Culture
KW  - Dekker
KW  - Factors
KW  - Healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Process
KW  - Railways
KW  - Richar
KW  - Shipping
KW  - Sidney
KW  - System
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice
AU  - Reason, James
T2  - Work & Stress
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 293
EP  - 306
SN  - 0267-8373
N1  - <p>Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice</p>
N1  - <p>Achieving a safe culture: theory and practice</p>
KW  - Just culture
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Accident Reviews Should Focus on Conditions.
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
T2  - LinkedIn Pulse
AB  - We have long struggled with trying to capture the facts associated with an accident in order to prevent the next one. This has been largely effective

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/v02fafE_JiU
DA  - 2017/03/08/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-accident-reviews-should-focus-conditions-ivan-pupulidy-phd
Y2  - 2017/03/24/14:37:02
L2  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-accident-reviews-should-focus-conditions-ivan-pupulidy-phd
L2  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-accident-reviews-should-focus-conditions-ivan-pupulidy-phd
L2  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-accident-reviews-should-focus-conditions-ivan-pupulidy-phd
L2  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-accident-reviews-should-focus-conditions-ivan-pupulidy-phd
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - How can we learn from human error?
AB  - Preventable human error is cited as the third leading cause of death in medicine. But error is a common thing in human actions. Dr. Ivan Pupulidy is exploring another way to look at error. He will introduce a concept called the learning review, which asks us to consider the system and
DA  - 2017/05/19/
PY  - 2017
DP  - YouTube
ST  - How can we learn from human error?
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wLY_kCNW8k
Y2  - 2017/09/13/13:59:51
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - The Learning Review: Adding to the accident investigation toolbox
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
AU  - Vesel, Crista
T2  - Proceedings of the 53rd ESReDA Seminar, Ispra, Italy, European Commission Joint Research Centre
AB  - Accident investigation techniques have remained essentially the same for many
decades, yet the recognition that complexity is increasing in most organizations
demands an added form of inquiry. The Learning Review, first adopted by the U.S.
Forest Service, explores the human contribution to accidents, safety, and normal work. It is specifically designed to facilitate the understanding of the factors and
conditions that influence human actions and decisions by encouraging individual and
group sensemaking at all levels of the organization. The Learning Review introduces
the need to create a narrative inclusive of multiple perspectives from which a network of influences map can be created. This map depicts the factors that influence behaviors and can aid the organizational leadership to effect meaningful changes to the conditions while simultaneously helping field personnel to understand and manage system pressures.
DA  - 2017/11/14/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/171024TheLearningReview.pdf
Y2  - 2018/12/19/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Promoting Patient Safety by Preventing Medical Error
AU  - Leape, Lucian L.
AU  - Woods, David D.
AU  - Hatlie, Martin J.
AU  - Kizer, Kenneth W.
AU  - Schroeder, Steven A.
AU  - Lundberg, George D.
T2  - JAMA
AB  - In 1995, a series of highly publicized medical incidents with serious adverse patient consequences awakened public and professional interest in safety in heal
DA  - 1998/10/28/
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1001/jama.280.16.1444
DP  - jamanetwork.com
VL  - 280
IS  - 16
SP  - 1444
EP  - 1447
J2  - JAMA
LA  - en
SN  - 0098-7484
UR  - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/188093
Y2  - 2019/01/29/23:08:11
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Behind Human Error
AU  - Woods, David D.
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AU  - Cook, Richard
AU  - Johannesen, Leila
AU  - Sarter, Nadine
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AU  - Cook, Richard
AU  - Johannesen, Leila
AU  - Sarter, Nadine
AB  - Human error is cited over and over as a cause of incidents and accidents. The result is a widespread perception of a 'human error problem', and solutions are
DA  - 2017/09/18/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.taylorfrancis.com
LA  - en
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-317-17554-4
UR  - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317175544
Y2  - 2019/01/29/23:08:40
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts
AU  - Hollnagel, Erik
AU  - Woods, David D.
AU  - Leveson, Nancy
AB  - For Resilience Engineering, 'failure' is the result of the adaptations necessary to cope with the complexity of the real world, rather than a malfunction. Human performance must continually adjust to current conditions and, because resources and time are finite, such adjustments are always approximate. Featuring contributions from leading international figures in human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides thought-provoking insights into system safety as an aggregate of its various components - subsystems, software, organizations, human behaviours - and the way in which they interact.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 410
LA  - en
PB  - Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
SN  - 978-0-7546-8136-6
ST  - Resilience Engineering
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=rygf6axAH7UC
KW  - Transportation / Aviation / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Human error in perspective
AU  - Billings, Charles E.
AU  - Woods, David D.
T2  - Postgraduate Medicine
DA  - 2001/01/01/
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.3810/pgm.2001.01.839
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 109
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
SN  - 0032-5481
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2001.01.839
Y2  - 2019/01/29/23:12:58
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Error in medicine
AU  - Leape, Luciane L.
T2  - JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association-US Edition
AB  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTUzNTYzMTk4MjI2ODY5MDA4MjUBaUVuV0dwQnMxTlFKATQBAXYy
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
VL  - 272
IS  - 23
SP  - 1851
EP  - 1856
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Best Practice: How the New Quality Movement is Transforming Medicine
AU  - Kenney, Charles C.
AB  - In the late 1990s, treatment-related deaths or “complications” were the fifth leading cause of death for Americans. Spurred by the crisis, a group of dedicated physicians like Paul Batalden and Don Berwick made it their goal to study the concepts of “quality improvement” used at Toyota and NASA, and to apply them to the practice of medicine. This book tells their story, and how these “heretical” ideas have blossomed into a movement, bringing the focus back to where it should have always been: the patient.
DA  - 2010/03/09/
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 334
LA  - en
PB  - PublicAffairs
SN  - 978-1-58648-797-3
ST  - The Best Practice
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=cc3SDQAAQBAJ
KW  - Business & Economics / Total Quality Management
KW  - Medical / Health Care Delivery
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Safety Profession can be like a Priesthood
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
T2  - Safety Differently
AB  - Lincoln Eldrige, who probably wouldn’t want to be called a ‘safety professional,’ suggested to me some years ago that the safety profession is like a priesthood. I have always considered this an in...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/DdlwU9MWr8Y
DA  - 2017/10/15/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/the-safety-profession-can-be-like-a-priesthood/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effectiveness and efficiency of root cause analysis in medicine
AU  - Wu, Albert W.
AU  - Lipshutz, Angela K. M.
AU  - Pronovost, Peter J.
T2  - JAMA
AB  - reventable mistakes are common in medicine. For example, at 1 hospital, a patient received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), a combination of local anesthetic and narcotic. The medication was intended to be infused into the epidural space. Instead, a nurse inadvertently connected the tubing to an intravenous catheter, delivering potentially lethal anesthetic into the patient's bloodstream. What followed were the nurse's anguish and guilt and, almost as inevitably, the hospital's root cause analysis (RCA). In the last decade, this process has become the main way medicine investigates mistakes and tries to prevent future mistakes. But like many innovations in medicine, RCA has never been evaluated for effectiveness.
DA  - 2008/02/13/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1001/jama.299.6.685
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 299
IS  - 6
SP  - 685
EP  - 687
J2  - JAMA
LA  - eng
SN  - 1538-3598
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270357
KW  - Health Care Sector
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - Safety Management
KW  - Total Quality Management
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Multiple Systemic Contributors versus Root Cause: Learning from a NASA Near Miss
AU  - Walker, Katherine E.
AU  - Woods, David D.
AU  - Rayo, Michael F.
T2  - Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
AB  - In 2013 NASA nearly drowned an astronaut during an Extravehicular Activity (EVA 23) on the International Space Station due to spacesuit water leakage. Indicators of trouble on the preceding EVA (22) were discounted. NASA carried out an investigation of the near miss event that is a sample of how root cause analysis is carried out in actual organizations (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2013). This paper contrasts the root cause analysis with a new analysis the authors carried out that captures how multiple systemic contributors combined to create the conditions that led up to the near miss. The new analysis illustrates the original finding from the late 1980s that accidents arise from multiple factors each necessary but only jointly sufficient (Reason, 1990; Woods, 1990; Cook, 2000; Woods, Dekker, Cook, Johannesen, & Sarter, 2010). Many of these contributors are system factors that have been present (latent) in the organization for some time prior to the specific sequence of events. In other words, the accidents arose from organizational or systemic factors (Reason, 1997). In contrast, the traditional root cause analysis focuses on the human roles closest to the adverse event and only raises systemic issues in terms of vague generalities that are difficult to address in systemic improvements (Dekker, 2014; Woods et al., 2010). The paper provides this contrast for two purposes. The first goal of this paper is to provide a concrete technique and diagram for identifying systemic contributors to adverse events (Systemic Contributors Analysis and Diagram or SCAD). The second goal is to highlight how the current practice of root cause analysis is unable to come to grips with systemic issues, misses the interactions between contributors, and misses emergent system properties. Using this systemic technique reveals that adverse events are very often due to production pressure at the blunt end, not human error at the sharp end of systems.
DA  - 2016/09/01/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1177/1541931213601060
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
SP  - 264
EP  - 264
J2  - Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
LA  - en
SN  - 1541-9312
ST  - Multiple Systemic Contributors versus Root Cause
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601060
Y2  - 2018/02/13/02:42:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Our current approach to root cause analysis: is it contributing to our failure to improve patient safety?
AU  - Kellogg, Kathryn M
AU  - Hettinger, Zach
AU  - Shah, Manish
AU  - Wears, Robert L
AU  - Sellers, Craig R
AU  - Squires, Melissa
AU  - Fairbanks, Rollin J
T2  - BMJ Qual Saf
AB  - Despite over a decade of efforts to reduce the adverse event rate in healthcare, the rate has remained relatively unchanged. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a process used by hospitals in an attempt to reduce adverse event rates; however, the outputs of this process have not been well studied in healthcare. This study aimed to examine the types of solutions proposed in RCAs over an 8-year period at a major academic medical institution.
Conclusions This study found that the most commonly proposed solutions were weaker actions, which were less likely to decrease event recurrence. These findings support recent attempts to improve the RCA process and to develop guidance for the creation of effective and sustainable solutions to be used by RCA teams.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SP  - bmjqs
EP  - 2016
J2  - BMJ Qual Saf
SN  - 2044-5415
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root-cause analysis: swatting at mosquitoes versus draining the swamp
AU  - Trbovich, Patricia
AU  - Shojania, Kaveh G
AB  - Many healthcare systems recommend root-cause analysis (RCA) as a key method for investigating critical incidents and developing recommendations for preventing future events. In practice, however, RCAs vary widely in terms of their conduct and the utility of the recommendations they produce.1 ,2 RCAs often fail to explore deep system problems that contributed to safety events3 due to the limited methods used, constrained time and meagre financial/human resources to conduct RCAs.4 Furthermore, healthcare organisations often lack the mandate and authority required to develop and implement sophisticated and effective corrective actions.4 Consequently, corrective actions primarily aim at changing human behaviour rather than system-based changes.5 ,6

In this issue of BMJ Quality and Safety, Kellogg et al7 confirm these concerns about RCAs. Reviewing 302 RCAs conducted over an 8-year period at a US academic medical centre, the authors report the most common solution types as training, process change and policy reinforcement. Serious events (eg, retained surgical sponges) recurred repeatedly despite conducting RCAs. These findings highlight the long overdue need to enhance the effectiveness of RCAs.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SN  - 2044-5415
UR  - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/26/5/350
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The problem with ‘5 whys’
AU  - Card, Alan J
T2  - BMJ Qual Saf
AB  - The ‘5 whys’ technique is one of the most widely taught approaches to root-cause analysis (RCA) in healthcare. Its use is promoted by the WHO,1 the English National Health Service,2 the Institute for Healthcare Improvement,3 the Joint Commission4 and many other organisations in the field of healthcare quality and safety. Like most such tools, though, its popularity is not the result of any evidence that it is effective.5–8 Instead, it probably owes its place in the curriculum and practice of RCA to a combination of pedigree, simplicity and pedagogy.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
SP  - bmjqs
EP  - 2016
J2  - BMJ Qual Saf
SN  - 2044-5415
UR  - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/26/8/671
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The dichotomy of the application of a systems approach in UK healthcare the challenges and priorities for implementation
AU  - Pickup, Laura
AU  - Lang, Alexandra
AU  - Atkinson, Sarah
AU  - Sharples, Sarah
T2  - Ergonomics
AB  - There is increasing demand for a systems approach within national healthcare guidelines to provide a systematic and sustainable framework for improvements in patient safety. Supported by this is the growing body of evidence within Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) healthcare literature for the inclusion of this approach in health service design, provision and evaluation. This paper considers the current interpretation of this within UK healthcare systems and the dichotomy which exists in the challenge to implement a systems approach. Three case studies, from primary and secondary care, present a systems approach, offering a novel perspective of primary care and blood sampling. These provide practical illustrations of how HFE methods have been used in collaboration with healthcare staff to understand the system for the purpose of professional education, design and safety of clinical activities. The paper concludes with the challenge for implementation and proposes five roles for systems HFE to support patient safety.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 25
J2  - Ergonomics
SN  - 0014-0139
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - New vistas on causal-tree methods: from root cause analysis (RCA) to constructive cause analysis (CCA)
AU  - Cuvelier, Lucie
AU  - Bencheckroun, H
AU  - Morel, G
T2  - Cognition, Technology & Work
AB  - Causal-tree methods such as root cause analysis (RCA) are the oldest and the most widespread methods used to analyze the causes of adverse events. They are often seen as essential prerequisites to risk control. Over the last few years, however, a number of limitations of RCA have been pointed out. Starting from the limitations currently identified and from our own occupational health and safety specialists’ experience, we have developed a new perspective for the analysis of accident causes, called constructive cause analysis (CCA). CCA is part of a tradition of activity-focused ergonomics. It posits that safety is mostly based upon the skills of individuals, at both operational and organizational levels, and it also leads to identifying positive elements in the analyzed situation. In line with the historico-cultural theory of activity, CCA serves the dual objectives of knowledge and action: the modifications found in CCA are based upon the confrontation of knowledge. The purpose of this article is to describe CCA. A case study from our own interventions illustrates the method.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
EP  - 30
J2  - Cognition, Technology & Work
SN  - 1435-5558
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10111-017-0404-8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from high risk industries may not be straightforward: a qualitative study of the hierarchy of risk controls approach in healthcare
AU  - Liberati, Elisa G
AU  - Peerally, Mohammad Farhad
AU  - Dixon-Woods, Mary
T2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
AB  - Though healthcare is often exhorted to learn from ‘high-reliability’ industries, adopting tools and techniques from those sectors may not be straightforward. We sought to examine the hierarchies of risk controls approach, used in high-risk industries to rank interventions according to supposed effectiveness in reducing risk, and widely advocated as appropriate for healthcare.
Conclusion:Many risk controls introduced by clinical teams may cluster towards the apparently weaker end of an established hierarchy of controls. Less clear is whether the HoC approach as currently formulated is useful for the specifics of healthcare. Valuable opportunities for safety improvement may be lost if inappropriate hierarchical models are used to guide the selection of patient safety improvement interventions. Though learning from other industries may be useful, caution is needed.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
J2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Unlearning and Patient Safety
AU  - Richmond, John G
T2  - Managing Improvement in Healthcare
AB  - This chapter adds to the growing body of literature on unlearning by contributing a model applicable to the context of professional organisations, and more specifically to healthcare and patient safety. An overview of the global patient safety agenda is described and a gap in implementing sustained safety improvement identified. The UK’s efforts to bridge this gap in patient safety by transforming their NHS into a ‘learning organisation’ are discussed. The unlearning literature is reviewed and an updated model of unlearning conceptualized that contains three dimensions relevant to the study of professionals: cognitive, cultural and political. As a research agenda, this chapter provides a starting point for thinking about how unlearning can be studied in organisations; establishing a theoretical foundation for future study.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
SP  - 117
EP  - 134
PB  - Springer
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are root cause analyses recommendations effective and sustainable? An observational study
AU  - Hibbert, Peter D
AU  - Thomas, Matthew JW
AU  - Deakin, Anita
AU  - Runciman, William B
AU  - Braithwaite, Jeffrey
AU  - Lomax, Stephanie
AU  - Prescott, Jonathan
AU  - Gorrie, Glenda
AU  - Szczygielski, Amy
AU  - Surwald, Tanja
T2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
AB  - All RCAs related to sentinel events (SEs) undertaken between the years 2010 and 2015 in the public health system in Victoria, Australia were analysed. The type and strength of each recommendation in the RCA reports were coded by an expert patient safety classifier using the US Department of Veteran Affairs type and strength criteria.
Conclusion:
Only a small proportion of recommendations arising from RCAs in Victoria are ‘strong’. This suggests that insights from the majority of RCAs are not likely to inform practice or process improvements. Suggested improvements include more human factors expertise and independence in investigations, more extensive application of existing tools that assist teams to prioritize recommendations that are likely to be effective, and greater use of observational and simulation techniques to understand the underlying systems factors. Time spent in repeatedly investigating similar incidents may be better spent aggregating and thematically analysing existing sources of information about patient safety.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
J2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
UR  - Only a small proportion of recommendations arising from RCAs in Victoria are ‘strong’. This suggests that insights from the majority of RCAs are not likely to inform practice or process improvements. Suggested improvements include more human factors expertise and independence in investigations, more extensive application of existing tools that assist teams to prioritize recommendations that are likely to be effective, and greater use of observational and simulation techniques to understand the underlying systems factors. Time spent in repeatedly investigating similar incidents may be better spent aggregating and thematically analysing existing sources of information about patient safety.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safety analysis over time: seven major changes to adverse event investigation
AU  - Vincent, Charles
AU  - Carthey, Jane
AU  - Macrae, Carl
AU  - Amalberti, Rene
T2  - Implementation Science
AB  - Every safety-critical industry devotes considerable time and resource to investigating and analysing accidents, incidents and near misses. The systematic analysis of incidents has greatly expanded our understanding of both the causes and prevention of harm. These methods have been widely employed in healthcare over the last 20 years but are now subject to critique and reassessment. In this paper, we reconsider the purpose and value of incident analysis and methods appropriate to the healthcare of today.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 151
J2  - Implementation Science
SN  - 1748-5908
UR  - https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13012-017-0695-4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root Cause Analysis of ICU Adverse Events in the Veterans Health Administration
AU  - Corwin, Gregory S
AU  - Mills, Peter D
AU  - Shanawani, Hasan
AU  - Hemphill, Robin R
T2  - Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety
AB  - METHODS: 
This retrospective observational study of RCA reports concerned events that occurred in VHA ICUs or as a result of ICU processes from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2014. The type of event, root causes, and recommended actions were measured.

CONCLUSION:
ICU adverse events often had several root causes, with protocols and process-of-care issues as root causes regardless of event type. Actions often included standardization of processes and training/education. Several recommendations can be made that may improve patient safety in the ICU, such as standardization of care process, implementation of team training programs, and simulation-based training.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
SP  - 580
EP  - 590
J2  - Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety
SN  - 1553-7250
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lean Six Sigma, Root Cause Analysis to Enhance Patient Safety in Healthcare Organizations: A Narrative Review, 2000-2016
AU  - Salem, Sara O
AU  - Al-Dossari, Dalal S
AU  - Al-Zaagi, Ibrahim A
AU  - Qureshi, Naseem Akhtar
T2  - 12
AB  - The objective of this review is to describe the quality improvement tools including the lean, SS, LSS and root cause analysis that help efficiently to reduce waste, time, workerperformance variance, to increase production
and customer satisfaction and safety, and in the identification of root cause of adverse events.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 1
UR  - http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/JAMPS_36/2017/Feb/Qureshi1212017JAMPS31541-F.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Design: A Neglected Modality for Improvement
AU  - Wears, Robert L
T2  - Annals of emergency medicine
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 69
IS  - 3
SP  - 315
EP  - 317
J2  - Annals of emergency medicine
SN  - 0196-0644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using Fault Trees to Advance Understanding of Diagnostic Errors
AU  - Rogith, Deevakar
AU  - Iyengar, M Sriram
AU  - Singh, Hardeep
T2  - Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety
AB  - In this article, diagnostic errors were modeled using fault tree analysis (FTA), a form of root cause analysis that has been successfully used in other high-complexity, high-risk contexts. How factors contributing to diagnostic errors can be systematically modeled by FTA to inform error understanding and error prevention is demonstrated.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
SP  - 598
EP  - 605
J2  - Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety
SN  - 1553-7250
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Safety Anarchist: Relying on human expertise and innovation, reducing bureaucracy and compliance (Paperback) - Routledge
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
T2  - Routledge.com
AB  - Work has never been as safe as it seems today. Safety has also never been as bureaucratized as it is today. Over the past two decades, the number of safety rules and statutes has exploded, and organizations themselves are creating ever more internal...
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
M3  - Text
ST  - The Safety Anarchist
UR  - https://www.routledge.com/The-Safety-Anarchist-Relying-on-human-expertise-and-innovation-reducing/Dekker/p/book/9781138300460
Y2  - 2018/02/13/15:55:04
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Guidance for Performing Root Cause Analysis (RCA) with Performance Improvement Projects (PIPs)
AU  - Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services
AB  - Overview: RCA is a structured facilitated team process to identify root causes of an event that resulted in an
undesired outcome and develop corrective actions. The RCA process provides you with a way to identify
breakdowns in processes and systems that contributed to the event and how to prevent future events. The
purpose of an RCA is to find out what happened, why it happened, and determine what changes need to be
made. It can be an early step in a PIP, helping to identify what needs to be changed to improve performance.
Once you have identified what changes need to be made, the steps you will follow are those you would use in
any type of PIP. Note there are a number of tools you can use to perform RCA, described below.
Directions: Use this guide to walk through a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to investigate events in your facility
(e.g., adverse event, incident, near miss, complaint). Facilities accredited by the Joint Commission or in states
with regulations governing completion of RCAs should refer to those requirements to be sure all necessary
steps are followed.
UR  - https://www.cms.gov/medicare/provider-enrollment-and-certification/qapi/downloads/guidanceforrca.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root Cause Analysis for Beginners
AU  - Rooney, James
AU  - Vanden Heuvel, Lee
T2  - Quality Progress, 37(7), 45-53.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
UR  - https://servicelink.pinnacol.com/pinnacol_docs/lp/cdrom_web/safety/management/accident_investigation/Root_Cause.pdf
Y2  - 2018/10/12/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The anatomy of an NTSB accident investigation - a guide for “parties-to-the-investigation” & their lawyers | Lexology
AU  - Tobin, Wilson Elser-Thomas W.
AU  - Tochen, David
AB  - The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has a broad mission but no regulatory authority. It is small - only about 400 employees. But yet it...
DA  - 2013/04/01/
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d5a45bb3-7ee5-4738-ae9b-f2f3987cd58c
Y2  - 2018/01/19/14:35:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Theorizing disaster: Analogy, historical ethnography, and the Challenger accident
AU  - Vaughan, Diane
T2  - Ethnography
AB  - Building explanations from data is an important but usually invisible process behind all published research. Here I reconstruct my theorizing for an historical ethnography of the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and the NASA (National Aeronautical and Space Administration) decisions that produced that accident. I show how analogical theorizing, a method that compares similar events or activities across different social settings, leads to more refined and generalizable theoretical explanations. Revealing the utility of mistakes in theorizing, I show how my mistakes uncovered mistakes in the documentary record, converting my analysis to a revisionist account that contradicted the conventional explanation accepted at the time. Retracing how I developed the concepts and theory that explained the case demonstrates the connection between historic political and economic forces, organization structure and processes, and cultural understandings and actions at NASA. Finally, these analytic reflections show how analysis, writing, and theorizing are integrated throughout the research process.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/s3nuShdJsvg
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DP  - JSTOR
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 315
EP  - 347
SN  - 1466-1381
ST  - Theorizing disaster
UR  - https://www.jstor.org/stable/24047877
DB  - JSTOR
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:31:04
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What Can Odd, Interesting Medical Case Studies Teach Us?
AU  - Mukherjee, Siddhartha
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Doctors can get so focused on explanation that they lose sight of the importance of description.
DA  - 2018/07/22/T19:16:44.329Z
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/17/magazine/what-can-odd-interesting-medical-case-studies-teach-us.html
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:33:25
KW  - Academic and Scientific Journals
KW  - Case study
KW  - Hallucinations
KW  - Sacks, Oliver
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Can Economists and Humanists Ever Be Friends? | The New Yorker
AU  - Lancaster, Joh
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - One discipline reduces behavior to elegantly simple rules; the other wallows in our full, complex particularity. What can they learn from each other?

"This intellectual overextension is often found in economics, as Gary Saul Morson and Morton Schapiro explain in their wonderful book “Cents and Sensibility: What Economics Can Learn from the Humanities” (Princeton). Morson and Schapiro—one a literary scholar and the other an economist—draw on the distinction between hedgehogs and foxes made by Isaiah Berlin in a famous essay from the nineteen-fifties, invoking an ancient Greek fragment: “The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog one big thing.” Economists tend to be hedgehogs, forever on the search for a single, unifying explanation of complex phenomena."
DA  - 2018/07/16/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/23/can-economists-and-humanists-ever-be-friends
Y2  - 2019/04/08/18:36:01
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Philly agencies grapple with a wrongful conviction. Can they learn from their mistakes?
AU  - Melamed, Samantha
T2  - Philadelphia Enquirer
AB  - In 2012, George Cortez was convicted of murdering Nasif Murray on a street in North Philadelphia, and sentenced to life in prison. Then, in 2016, after further investigation, he was exonerated.
...The Quattrone Center, part of Penn’s law school, is seeking to implement such reviews in jurisdictions across the country, and has received a $1.6 million grant, as part of a joint partnership from the National Institute of Justice and Bureau of Justice Assistance, to take the “Sentinel Event Review” model to between 12 and 20 more cities. Baltimore, Chicago, and Austin, Texas, have already signed on. The idea is to bring to criminal justice the approach long practiced in medicine, where post-mortem reviews examine where errors were introduced and how such failures can be prevented going forward.
DA  - 2019/04/09/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.philly.com/news/philadelphia-wrongful-conviction-event-review-quattrone-center-penn-20190409.html
Y2  - 2019/04/10/13:48:23
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI)
AU  - Bureau of Justice Assistance
T2  - Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
AB  - Learn about the Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI), a joint initiative of the Bureau of Justice Assistance and the National Institute of Justice.
LA  - en-us
UR  - https://www.bja.gov/sentinel-events-initiative/index.html
Y2  - 2019/04/10/21:46:12
L2  - https://www.bja.gov/sentinel-events-initiative/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Small Errors Combine to Send Innocent People to Prison
AU  - Staff
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - A series of preventable mistakes sent George Cortez to prison for a murder he didn't commit. Philadelphia’s police, legal and judicial community used a groundbreaking DOJ initiative to come up with ways to make sure it never happens again.
DA  - 2019/04/11/T12:15:54+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/04/11/how-small-errors-combine-to-send-innocent-people-to-prison/
Y2  - 2019/04/11/20:56:07
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA EVENT REVIEW TEAM ON COMMONWEALTH V. GEORGE CORTEZ
AU  - Quattrone Center for Fair Administration of Justice
AB  - The Philadelphia Event Review Team (PERT) is a voluntary collaboration among the Philadelphia District Attorney’s Office, the Philadelphia Police Department, the First Judicial District Courts of Pennsylvania, and the Defender Association of Philadelphia, coordinated by the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. The PERT is a first-of-its-kind initiative in the United States, dedicated to a culture of learning from error that is shared across all of the participating agencies. The project is supported by funding from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The stakeholders listed above decided to review the conviction and subsequent exoneration of George Cortez as its initial case for review. The PERT dedicated itself to the thorough review of the case using principles of root cause analysis (RCA) to conduct a “just culture event review.” For purposes of this process, we define a “just culture” as “a culture that recognizes that
competent professionals make mistakes and acknowledges that even competent professionals
will develop unhealthy norms (e.g., shortcuts, ‘routine rule violations’), but has zero tolerance
for reckless behavior.”1
 Thus, we designed our review to understand the events that
occurred in the George Cortez case, from arrest through appeal and ultimately
exoneration, and to generate precise recommendations with the goal of preventing the mistakes that occurred in that case from happening in the future. Our goal was not to punish or find blame with any individual or agency, but solely to understand how our system
could ultimately convict George Cortez and then conclude that the conviction was in error based
on the specifics of this case and its subsequent appeal.
DA  - 2019/04//
PY  - 2019
PB  - University of Pennsylvania
UR  - https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/9323-pertcortez
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A “SAFETY MODEL” PERSPECTIVE CAN AID DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION, AND RESTORATION AFTER CRIMINAL JUSTICE HARMS
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Santa Clara Law Review
AB  - Criminal justice in the United States is primarily a state and local
enterprise and most (if not all) states and localities have experienced
some disturbing outcomes. Harris County, Texas, for example, has
experienced its own lab scandals.7
 Elsewhere, the innocent are wrongly 
convicted while the real perpetrators go free; dangerous prisoners are
mistakenly released and then kill again; avoidable “suicide-by-cop”
fatalities traumatize families and frontline police. Beneath these frontpage spectacles a submerged universe of coerced misdemeanor8
  pleabargains, protracted pretrial detentions, failed re-entry plans, fruitlessstreet stops, “near-misses,” declining “closure rates” and “high frequency, low impact” events of all kinds erode public security and trust in the law.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 59
IS  - 11
UR  - https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2869&context=lawreview
N1  - <p>Elsewhere, the innocent are wrongly convicted while the real perpetrators go free; dangerous prisoners are<br />mistakenly released and then kill again; avoidable “suicide-by-cop”<br />fatalities traumatize families and frontline police. Beneath these frontpage spectacles a submerged universe of coerced misdemeanor8<br />plea<br />bargains, protracted pretrial detentions, failed re-entry plans, fruitless<br />street stops, “near-misses,” declining “closure rates” and “high<br />frequency, low impact” events of all kinds erode public security and trust<br />in the law. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Discussions of contemporary American criminal justice do not<br />suffer from any shortage of Models. Herbert Packer set the ball rolling<br />by describing his opposing Crime Control and Due Process Models.10</p>
<p>John Griffths deployed a Family Model to show that Packer’s two polar<br />ideologies are really variant versions of a single, unified Battle Model.11</p>
<p>In the aftermath of the DNA exoneration cases Innocence Movement<br />scholars such as Keith Findley and Marvin Zalman have attempted to<br />point out to partisans for one or the other of Packer’s Models that some<br />version of a Reliability Model12 or Integrated Justice Model,13 focusing<br />on factual accuracy, could present a win/win option that simultaneously<br />protects the innocent and targets the actually guilty, whom wrongful<br />convictions leave free to find further victims.</p>
N1  - <p>The last decade has seen a growing interest 14 in a criminal justice<br />orientation derived from a deep reservoir of literature and experience"<br />that high-risk fields such as aviation and medicine16 have tapped to<br />develop 'cultures of safety.17 T he fact that safety concepts are so easily<br />borrowed from other fields probably explains why there have been few<br />efforts to denominate an explicit 'Safety Model _ in criminal justice."<br />But by now it is easy to list books, articles, and compilations that<br />introduce the basic safety concepts to criminal justice practicecommunities. 19 The National Institute ofJ ustice (NIJ), has given this<br />interest practical form through its 'Sentinel Events Initiative- by<br />conducting a sustained investigation of the potential for mobilizing</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Scott Hertzberg a librarian at the National Criminal J ustice<br />Reference Service, has compiled a bibliography illuminating the extent of an interdisciplinary<br />literature that implicates the safety-oriented model. See Sentinel Events Initiative: A Corrpiled<br />Bibliography, NAT L INST. OF J UST., https:/iww.nij.gov/topics/ usticesystem/Pages/senti nel-events- bi bl iography.aspx</p>
N1  - <p>The safety at issue here is everyone's safety: the safety of crime<br />victims, defendants, and communities' even the safety of law<br />enforcement personnel 21 and legal system practitioners.22 This wider<br />safety perspective escapes the zero-sum i deol ogy of the C ri me Control<br />versus Due Process dialectic in which anything protecting an<br />individual -s rights automatically threatens potential crime victims to an<br />equal extent. It recognizes the impact of iatrogenic 23 ('from the<br />treatment-) injury inflicted by hyper-aggressive 'stop, question, and<br />frisk- programs, re-traumatizing victim interviews, mass incarceration,24<br />and other interventions, and requires that those harms be weighed in the<br />balance before making criminal justice choices, not deferred to be<br />deplored at some later date.25 It throws a new light on familiar<br />challenges; examining events in that light reveals opportunities.<br />Familiarity with an emerging Safety Model can improve practice, and<br />may fuel transformati on.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - MPCT
TI  - New Report Details Wrongful Conviction of Philadelphia Man
AU  - Conners, Rosemary
T2  - NBC 10 News
AB  - New details are emerging about how a man wrongfully accused of murder had his conviction overturned and was released from prison. Its part of an ongoing effort to reform the criminal justice system.
DA  - 2019/04/11/
PY  - 2019
PB  - NBC Philadelphia
UR  - https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/New-Report-Details-Wrongful-Conviction-of-Philadelphia-Man_Philadelphia-508340842.html?platform=hootsuite
Y2  - 2019/04/12/20:48:30
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Police Shootings: Is Accountability the Enemy of Prevention?
AU  - Armacost, Barbara E.
AB  - Police officers shoot an unarmed man or woman. The victim’s family and community cry out for someone to be held accountable. In minority communities, where a disproportionate number of officer-involved shootings occur, residents suspect that racial animus and stereotypical assumptions about “dangerous black men” played a part. Citizens seek accountability by filing lawsuits and demanding criminal prosecutions. They are usually disappointed: The majority of police-involved shootings are deemed “justified” by police investigators and courts, and no criminal charges are brought. If so, this is the end of the inquiry under current legal standards and there is no accountability. There is also no legal reason to ask why the shooting occurred and how it could have been prevented. This article argues that the current accountability paradigm is hindering genuine progress in decreasing the number of police-involved shootings, including those motivated by racism. We need to look beyond the limited time-frame embraced by the current legal standard and view police-involved shootings as organizational accidents. Borrowing lessons learned from the aviation and healthcare fields, this article urges a prevention-first approach that applies systemic analysis to what are systems problems. In these sectors, investigations of tragic accidents employ Sentinel Event Review, a systems-oriented strategy that looks back to identify all the factors that contributed to the event and looks forward to identify systemic reforms that could mitigate the chance of recurrence. The goal is to create systemic barriers that make it more difficult for sharp-end actors to err or misbehave. I am not arguing that individual police officers should escape responsibility for their actions. But our cur-rent relentless focus on accountability – while an understandable human reaction – has become the enemy of prevention in the very communities that need it most.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/EYlPwxuAlpg
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2019/04/01/
PY  - 2019
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3363909
ST  - Police Shootings
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3363909
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:37:28
KW  - excessive force
KW  - policing
KW  - root cause analysis
KW  - accountability
KW  - justified shooting
KW  - police-involved shooting
KW  - prevention
KW  - racially motivated shooting
KW  - Sentinel Event Review
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - A Hippocratic Oath for policing
AU  - Johnson, Sgt. Jeremiah P.
T2  - National Police Foundation
AB  - Sgt. Jeremiah P. Johnson Darien (CT) Police Department The recent spotlight on deadly use-of-force encounters has led John Jay College of Criminal Justice Professor David Kennedy to ruminate whether the field of policing should have its own Hippocratic Oath.   The Hippocratic Oath is commonly encapsulated as “do no harm.” Medicine’s Hippocratic Oath has changed ...
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/_ybwAPcr72k
DA  - 2017/11/27/T11:38:16+00:00
PY  - 2017
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/a-hippocratic-oath-for-policing/
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:46:54
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Michigan attorney general launches Wrongful Conviction Unit
AU  - Hunter, George
T2  - THe Detroit News
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WUOgRq2_MvY
DA  - 2019/04/10/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/2019/04/10/michigan-attorney-general-launches-wrongful-conviction-unit/3421148002/?fbclid=IwAR0u4eWixy54EgGU20RUPt7hYIIFdXmQPmTDrSpQXrG0I3R3E_LO1T4goQM
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:48:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safety in Post-Conviction Proceedings
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - John Marshall Law Review
AB  - It is extremely difficult to correct an error after conviction.
Given the Hidden Accidents Principle in criminal law, it is very
hard to uncover mistakes and even harder to prove them. Time is
one of the greatest enemies of reconstructing the truth. Evidence
gets lost, potential witnesses forget, move away, or die. The legal
rules, including the finality of verdicts rule, hinder the rectification
of miscarriages of justice. Another factor is that once the indictment
has been made, the police usually close their investigation. Even
when the appellate court finds a defect in the original trial
proceedings, it will most likely be deemed “harmless error.” Thus,
the finality of proceedings rule in fact already applies with the
handing down of the verdict at trial, even before appeal. The main
procedural mechanism intended for correcting miscarriages of
justice is a motion for a new trial. But this mechanism is not
effective. Since safety theory and safety measures are not yet
developed in the criminal justice system, we have to learn it from
other areas, such as aviation, transportation and engineering. In
order to bring SAFETY to post-conviction proceedings, this essay
offers some safety measure

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UMjoTsgCB9E
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
UR  - https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2767&context=lawreview
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Public Defender's office alleges Jeff Adachi police report was being hawked to media for $2,500 a pop
AU  - Eskanazi, Joe
T2  - Mission Local
AB  - Commander Greg McEachern of the San Francisco Police Department today offered a formal apology to the family of former Public Defender Jeff Adachi after.....


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/G1YwqGrztes
DA  - 2019/04/18/T21:38:00+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://missionlocal.org/2019/04/public-defenders-office-alleges-jeff-adachi-police-report-was-being-hawked-to-media-for-2500-a-pop/
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:54:24
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Quincy, a glimmer of hope amid opioid crisis -
AU  - MacQuarrie, Brian
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - For the last three years, a team of Quincy police and health workers has visited overdose survivors and their families, mostly within one or two days after an overdose.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/iBRjr2IldSs
DA  - 2019/04/23/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/04/23/quincy-glimmer-hope-amid-opioid-crisis/PY882hZbBtOjGiN76HZxdN/story.html
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:58:22
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Real solutions to homelessness, addiction and crime require a balanced approach | The Seattle Times
AU  - Stracken, Steve
AB  - omelessness and how to address its social, public health and criminal implications has stirred strong reactions from every corner of our region and unfortunately has led to polarization about how to solve some of the toughest issues our communities face.

Rather than engage in another round of “I’m right and you’re wrong” we should make constructive change and do something about these problems. A good start would be to recognize there are numerous different pathways that lead to homelessness, and that criminal-justice-based interventions, including the leverage of incarceration for criminal behavior, can and should be a part of our conversation.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/dkevSsY0xt0
DA  - 2019/04/22/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/real-solutions-to-homelessness-addiction-and-crime-require-a-balanced-approach/
Y2  - 2019/04/25/15:00:12
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - The Quattrone Center's Systems Approach
AU  - Penn Law
AB  - John F. Hollway C'92, Executive Director of the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice, discusses the Center's multi-disciplinary, data-driven approach and how it is instrumental in building a world class policy hub for researching and debating the system's most crucial problems, as well as in framing solutions to catalyze long-term structural improvements. 

By integrating world-class scholarship from across the University with the perspectives of nationally prominent practitioners, the Center will analyze and make recommendations that will shape public deliberations and improve the fairness of our legal system. Penn is the ideal host for the Center due to its outstanding overall academic credentials as well as its particular strengths in law, criminology, engineering, life sciences, medicine, public policy, social sciences and statistical analysis—all of which will come into play in advancing the justice system to the next level. The Center, and Penn as a whole, will inspire and support collaborative ventures that provide novel perspectives on our current practices, generating applied scholarship that enhances the efficacy, transparency, and accountability of the criminal justice system.
DA  - 2013/11/08/
PY  - 2013
DP  - YouTube
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF-zq5RiQkY
Y2  - 2019/04/25/20:08:55
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT OF THE BALTIMORE EVENT REVIEW TEAM On the State of Maryalnd V. Malcolm J. Bryant
AU  - Quattrone Center for Fair Administration of Justice
AB  - The Baltimore Event Review Team (BERT) is a voluntary collaboration among the Baltimore
City State’s Attorney’s Office (SAO), the Baltimore Police Department (BPD), the Maryland
Office of the Public Defender in Baltimore City (OPD), and the University of Baltimore
Innocence Project (UBIP), a collaborative effort of the Office of the Public Defender and the
University of Baltimore School of Law, coordinated by the Quattrone Center for the Fair
Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.1
 The BERT is
dedicated to promoting a culture of learning from error across all of the participating agencies.
In 1999, Malcolm J. Bryant was convicted of the murder of Ms. Toni Bullock and sentenced to
life in prison. In 2015, after 16 years in prison, a DNA test conclusively proved Mr. Bryant’s
innocence of the crime for which he was convicted. While is it a given that no system is perfect,
and errors will occur, the members of the Baltimore Event Review Team (BERT) came together
to learn from this unfortunate and unwanted injustice to Mr. Bryant, and design improvements to
the Baltimore criminal justice system that will reduce the likelihood of such inaccurate
convictions occurring in the future.
DA  - 2018/11//
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/8862-malcolm-bryant-exoneration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using Root Cause Analysis to Study Prosecutorial Error: A Collaboration between the Montgomery County (Pennsylvania) District Attorney's Office and the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice
AU  - Raper, Steven E.
AU  - Fleisher, Lee A.
AU  - Mayer, David L.
AU  - Ferman, Risa V.
AU  - Steele, Kevin
AU  - Hollway, John
T2  - Villanova Law Review Online: Tolle Lege
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 62
SP  - 13
EP  - 40
J2  - Vill. L. Rev. Online
LA  - eng
ST  - Using Root Cause Analysis to Study Prosecutorial Error
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/vlrtoleg62&i=13
Y2  - 2019/04/25/20:19:20
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA EVENT REVIEW TEAM ON THE LEX ST. MASSACRE: National Institute of Justice Sentinel Events Initiative Pilot Program
AU  - Quattrone Center for Fair Administration of Justice
AB  - In the spring of 2014, the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice at the University of
Pennsylvania Law School, along with the Philadelphia Police Department, the Philadelphia District
Attorney’s Office, the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas, two private defense counsel, and a former
reporter for the Philadelphia Daily News collaborated on a proposal to the National Institute of Justice
(NIJ), the research division of the United States Department of Justice, in response to a call for proposals
for Sentinel Event Reviews in criminal justice. The question posed by NIJ was whether a multi- stakeholder event review using “systems principles” of error reduction that had been proven effective in
other environments (e.g., healthcare, aviation, nuclear power management) could be deployed
effectively in criminal justice.
The stakeholders listed above decided to use the Lex St. Massacre, one of the most notorious crimes in
Philadelphia’s history, as the case for our review. Still the largest single mass murder in Philadelphia
history, it is a case that was successfully closed, with four men (Shihean Black, Dawud Faruqi, Khalid
Faruqi, and Bruce Veney) tried and convicted of seven murders and three attempted murders. At the
same time, the four men ultimately convicted of these heinous and tragic crimes were not the first four
men arrested, charged and incarcerated for them. Instead, through a combination of false confessions,
mistaken eyewitness identifications, and other mistakes and occurrences within the Philadelphia
criminal justice system, four other men (Jermel Lewis, Quiante Perrin, Hezekiah Thomas, and Sacon
Youk) were arrested, charged and incarcerated for almost 18 months for crimes they did not commit.
DA  - 2015/12/08/
PY  - 2015
PB  - Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice
UR  - https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/6850-lex-st-report
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Using Root Cause Analysis to Instill a Culture of Self-Improvement: Program Replication Materials
AU  - Quattrone Center for Fair Administration of Justice
AB  - This white paper describes an internal Root Cause Analysis (“RCA”) conducted by the Montgomery
County, PA District Attorney’s Office (“DA”) in partnership with the Quattrone Center for the Fair
Administration of Justice, an interdisciplinary research and policy center within the University of
Pennsylvania Law School (“Quattrone Center”). The Quattrone Center specializes in RCA
regarding errors within the criminal justice system. RCA has been used in complex and fragmented
industries (e.g., healthcare, aviation, nuclear power) to understand the various factors (direct and
environmental) that lead to both individual and systemic-based errors, and to provide interventions
that can effectively prevent future error.
CY  - Innovations in Criminal Justice Summit III
DA  - 2015/04/20/21
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/4291-impact-report-root-cause-analysis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Miscarriages of Justice in Potentially Capital Cases
AU  - Bedau, Hugo Adam
AU  - Radelet, Michael L.
T2  - Stanford Law Review
DA  - 1987///
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.2307/1228828
DP  - JSTOR
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 21
EP  - 179
SN  - 0038-9765
UR  - https://www.jstor.org/stable/1228828
DB  - JSTOR
Y2  - 2019/04/26/15:45:30
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Correction of Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective
AU  - Griffin, Lissa
AB  - This Article analyzes the different modes in which two facially similar adversarial systems remedy wrongful convictions. Part I briefly examines the origins of wrongful convictions in both England and the United States. Part II describes the appellate processes in the two countries for correcting wrongful convictions. Part III addresses the processes for correcting wrongful convictions after the appellate processes have been completed. Part IV critiques the English process and examines whether aspects of that process may be carried over to the United States.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2009/03/09/
PY  - 2009
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 1356103
ST  - The Correction of Wrongful Convictions
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1356103
Y2  - 2019/04/26/15:52:29
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Lissa Griffin
KW  - The Correction of Wrongful Convictions: A Comparative Perspective
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - From a Plane Crash to the Conviction of an Innocent Person: Why Forensic Science Evidence Should be Inadmissible Unless it has been Developed as a Safety-Critical System
AU  - Halpert, Mordechai
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
AB  - In a criminal trial, it is acceptable to rely on scientific, specifically forensic, evidence. Forensic evidence is often produced through devices omprising both hardware and software, such as a breathalyzer - which measures the level of alcohol in an expired breath - and the equipment used to create a DNA profile. According to existing law, a person may be convicted on the basis of a single piece of evidence. Once a person has been convicted of a serious offense, such as murder or rape, an “ultimate penalty” may be imposed on him, such as life imprisonment or even a death sentence.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2010/07/31/
PY  - 2010
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 1651475
ST  - From a Plane Crash to the Conviction of an Innocent Person
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1651475
Y2  - 2019/04/26/15:59:54
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Boaz Sangero
KW  - From a Plane Crash to the Conviction of an Innocent Person: Why Forensic Science Evidence Should be Inadmissible Unless it has been Developed as a Safety-Critical System
KW  - Mordechai Halpert
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Safety Doctrine for the Criminal Justice System
AU  - Halpert, Mordechai
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Michigan State Law Review
AB  - Criminal law, unlike other risk-creating fields, currently lacks any modern safety doctrine. In
light of the proven phenomenon of wrongful convictions and the severe harm it causes to
both those wrongly convicted and society, this Essay focuses on the necessary preliminary
stages in developing a safety doctrine for the criminal justice system. Under our conception,
criminal law is a "safety-critical system": it deals with matters of life and death. We view
false conviction to be a type of accident, similarly to a crash of a fighter airplane. This
comparison is not only metaphorical, but quite literal when the damage is assessed from an
economic standpoint. Care and safety in criminal law do not merely operate to raise the
beyond-reasonable-doubt threshold in that the number of acquittals increases at the expense
of the number of convictions. Rather, care is an investment of resources in reasonable safety
measures whose cost is less than their expected harm, since the number of both false acquittals and false convictions will be reduced. The divergence in safety awareness between the aviation, engineering, and medical fields, on the one hand, and the criminal justice
system, on the other, is linked to what we term as the "Hidden Accident Principle” of criminal law. False convictions are typically unseen. We demonstrate how the legal system is
completely unaware of its poor safety practice. Accordingly, we propose some preliminary
principles for safety in criminal law, in particular, the idea of understanding modern safety
from other fields such as engineering.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 1293
UR  - http://sangero.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Sangero-11-Safety-Michigan-State.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Innocents Convicted: An Empirical Justified Factual Wrongful Conviction Rate
AU  - Risinger, Michael
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
AB  - To a great extent, those who believe that our criminal justice system rarely
convicts the factually innocent and those who believe such miscarriages are
rife have generally talked past each other for want of any empirically
justified factual innocence wrongful conviction rate. This article remedies
at least a part of this problem by establishing the first such empirically
justified wrongful conviction rate ever for a significant universe of real
world serious crimes: capital rape-murders in the 1980s.
DA  - 2007///Spring
PY  - 2007
VL  - 97
IS  - 3
UR  - https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7269&context=jclc
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
AB  - On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington―defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case―was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man.DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing.Based on trial transcripts, Garrett’s investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.
CY  - Cambridge, Mass
DA  - 2012/09/03/
PY  - 2012
DP  - Amazon
ET  - Reprint edition
SP  - 376
LA  - English
PB  - Harvard University Press
SN  - 978-0-674-06611-3
ST  - Convicting the Innocent
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Convicting-Innocent-Where-Criminal-Prosecutions/dp/0674066111
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Exonerations in the United States, 1989-2012: Report by the National Registry of Exonerations
AU  - Gross, Samuel
AU  - Shaffer, Michael
CY  - National Registry of Exonerations
DA  - 2012/01/01/
PY  - 2012
PB  - University of Michigan Law School
ST  - Exonerations in the United States, 1989-2012
UR  - https://repository.law.umich.edu/other/92
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Post-Conviction DNA Testing and Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Roman, John
AU  - Walsh, Kelly
AU  - Lachman, Jennifer
AU  - Yahner, Jennifer
AB  - Forensic evidence, particularly fingerprints, has been used for more than a century to aid law
enforcement investigations. However, only in the past decade has the use of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) testing to include or eliminate suspects and exonerate those convicted in serious crimes
become relatively common. DNA evidence is said to be individualizing because of its power to link
a person to a criminal incident. And unlike fingerprints, the probability that questioned evidence
from a crime scene matches DNA from a known person can be calculated. In past decades, the
investigation of serious crimes that led to a conviction typically did not use individualizing forensic
biological evidence such as DNA. Thus, it is possible that some individuals convicted in serious
person crimes (sexual assault and homicide) would have been eliminated by a forensic analysis more
discriminating than what was available at the time. To estimate the rate of such possible wrongful
convictions and to identify their predictors, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in the U.S.
Department of Justice funded retrospective DNA testing of physical evidence in cases where there
was a conviction of a sexual assault or homicide and physical evidence was retained.
DA  - 2012/06//
PY  - 2012
PB  - Urban Institute
UR  - http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/25506/412589-Post-Conviction-DNA-Testing-and-Wrongful-Conviction.PDF
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exonerees’ Hardships after Freedom
AU  - Findley, Keith
AU  - Delaney, Mary
AU  - Sullivan, Sheilla
T2  - Wisconson Lawyer
AB  - Most exonerees lose everything in their legal battles to prove their innocence and gain their freedom: financial security, family ties, reputations, and more. Once the thrill of freedom fades, exonerated individuals face the hardship of rebuilding their
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 83
IS  - 2
LA  - en-us
UR  - https://www.wisbar.org/NewsPublications/WisconsinLawyer/Pages/Article.aspx?Volume=83&Issue=2&ArticleID=1925
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:16:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Framing innocents: the wrongly convicted as victims of state harm
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra D.
AU  - Cook, Kimberly J.
T2  - Crime, Law and Social Change
AB  - We adapt the victimology of ‘state harms’ framework outlined by Kauzlarich et al. (Critical Criminology, 10(3), 173–194, 2001) to understand the post-exoneration experiences of 18 death row exonerees. Kauzlarich et al. develop six points of commonality shared by most victims of state crime. Application of this framework to death row exonerees highlights the role the state plays in creating and exacerbating the harms they suffer. This analysis also lays a foundation for further theoretical inquiry into the wrongful conviction of the innocent as a form of state crime.
DA  - 2010/04/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s10611-009-9231-z
DP  - Springer Link
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 259
EP  - 275
J2  - Crime Law Soc Change
LA  - en
SN  - 1573-0751
ST  - Framing innocents
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9231-z
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:19:28
KW  - False Confession
KW  - State Crime
KW  - State Official
KW  - Tunnel Vision
KW  - Wrongful Conviction
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - REBUILDING A LIFE: THE WRONGFULLY CONVICTED AND EXONERATED
AU  - Wegnand, Heather
T2  - Public Interest Law Journal
AB  - The number of innocent individuals currently locked up in prisons and jails
is unknown. We do know that despite daunting challenges, hundreds of individuals have incontrovertibly proven their innocence and gained their freedom.1
Innocent ex-prisoners are released from the penal system without any provision
of social services or support in which to rebuild their life. The majority of
exonerees do not receive state compensation and even fewer receive civil compensation.2 The burden of proof and uphill legal battle is a weary road for the
majority of the exonerated. Rarely do they receive an apology from the system
that wrongfully stole years of their life. It is against this backdrop which an
innocent person begins the struggle to rebuild his or her life. Because little
research exists on the devastating and collateral consequences affecting wrongfully convicted individuals, demystifying the assumption, “Surely someone is
going to help them” or “surely the state will compensate them,” is even harder;
the truth, however, is that our justice system has not made right its wrongs. I
will attempt in this Article to give an overview of the data that has informed us
thus far - and the struggles the exonerated face upon reentry. Providing a
thumbnail sketch of “a day in the life” of service to this relatively new population of victims is important, and hopefully it will connect the reader directly to
the issue at hand. From a social service lens, I will share my experience of
witnessing victims of the criminal justice system grow organically into amazing new leaders and advocates for criminal justice reform. I will mention the media’s role and touch on responsible journalism, which plays a large role in an
exonerated person’s life. I will conclude with suggestions for minimizing
wrongful convictions, and maximizing culturally competent services for the exonerated.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 18
IS  - 427
UR  - https://www.bu.edu/pilj/files/2015/09/18-2WeigandSymposium.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - It Never, Ever Ends: The Psychological Impact of Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Scott, Leslie
T2  - Criminal Law Brief
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 5
SP  - 10
EP  - 22
J2  - Crim. L. Brief
LA  - eng
ST  - It Never, Ever Ends
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/crimlbrf5&i=134
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:27:51
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Limits of the Criminal Sanction
AU  - Packer, Herbert
AB  - The argument of this book begins with the proposition that there are certain things we must understand about the criminal sanction before we can begin to talk sensibly about its limits. First, we need to ask some questions about the rationale of the criminal sanction. What are we trying to do by defining conduct as criminal and punishing people who commit crimes? To what extent are we justified in thinking that we can or ought to do what we are trying to do? Is it possible to construct an acceptable rationale for the criminal sanction enabling us to deal with the argument that it is itself an unethical use of social power? And if it is possible, what implications does that rationale have for the kind of conceptual creature that the criminal law is? Questions of this order make up Part I of the book, which is essentially an extended essay on the nature and justification of the criminal sanction.  We also need to understand, so the argument continues, the characteristic processes through which the criminal sanction operates. What do the rules of the game tell us about what the state may and may not do to apprehend, charge, convict, and dispose of persons suspected of committing crimes? Here, too, there is great controversy between two groups who have quite different views, or models, of what the criminal process is all about. There are people who see the criminal process as essentially devoted to values of efficiency in the suppression of crime. There are others who see those values as subordinate to the protection of the individual in his confrontation with the state. A severe struggle over these conflicting values has been going on in the courts of this country for the last decade or more. How that struggle is to be resolved is a second major consideration that we need to take into account before tackling the question of the limits of the criminal sanction. These problems of process are examined in Part II.  Part III deals directly with the central problem of defining criteria for limiting the reach of the criminal sanction. Given the constraints of rationale and process examined in Parts I and II, it argues that we have over-relied on the criminal sanction and that we had better start thinking in a systematic way about how to adjust our commitments to our capacities, both moral and operational.
DA  - 1968/06/01/
PY  - 1968
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 404
LA  - en
PB  - Stanford University Press
SN  - 978-0-8047-8079-7
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=gncxJvRGyR0C
KW  - Law / General
KW  - Social Science / Criminology
KW  - Social Science / Penology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safety from Plea-Bargains' Hazards
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Pace Law Review
DA  - 2017///2018
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 38
SP  - 301
EP  - 337
J2  - Pace L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/pace38&i=321
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:30:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing the Paradigm of Models to Safety and Hazards
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Criminal Justice Bulletin
DA  - 2019///Forth Coming
PY  - 2019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Protecting the Guilty
AU  - Kitai, Rinat
T2  - Buffalo Criminal Law Review
DA  - 2002///2003
PY  - 2002
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 6
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1188
J2  - Buff. Crim. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/bufcr6&i=1169
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:35:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Harmless Error and the Rights/Remedies Split
AU  - Kamin, Sam
T2  - Virginia Law Review
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 88
SP  - 1
EP  - 86
J2  - Va. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/valr88&i=19
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:47:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Attorneys Are Bound and the Witnesses Are Gagged: State Limits on Post-Conviction Investigation in Criminal Cases
AU  - Miller, Kathryn E.
T2  - California Law Review
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 106
SP  - 135
EP  - 202
J2  - Calif. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - The Attorneys Are Bound and the Witnesses Are Gagged
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/calr106&i=143
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:49:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving the Quality of Justice: The Innocence Protection Act 2004 Ensures Post-Conviction DNA Testing, Better Legal Representation, and Increased Compensation for the Wrongfully Imprisoned Note
AU  - Kleinert, Michael E.
T2  - Brandeis Law Journal
DA  - 2005///2006
PY  - 2005
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 44
SP  - 491
EP  - 508
J2  - Brandeis L.J.
LA  - eng
ST  - Improving the Quality of Justice
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/branlaj44&i=499
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:50:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unsafe Verdicts: The Need for Reformed Standards for the Trial and Review of Factual Innocence Claims
AU  - Risinger, D. Michael
T2  - Houston Law Review
DA  - 2004///2005
PY  - 2004
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 41
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1336
J2  - Hous. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Unsafe Verdicts
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/hulr41&i=1293
Y2  - 2019/04/26/17:53:28
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Did Falsified Drug Tests Lead to Wrongful Convictions? – Rolling Stone
AU  - Solotaroff, Paul
T2  - Rolling Stone
AB  - How the system covered up tens of thousands of falsified drug tests – and how two teams of crusading lawyers exposed the wrongdoing
DA  - 2018/01/03/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/and-justice-for-none-inside-biggest-law-enforcement-scandal-in-massachusetts-history-253708/
Y2  - 2019/04/26/18:41:08
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Scores of cases affected after HPD crime lab analyst ousted - HoustonChronicle.com
AU  - Rogers, Brian
T2  - Houston Chronicle
AB  - Scores of pending criminal cases and past convictions could be in jeopardy in the wake of revelations that a former Houston Police crime lab technician resigned after an internal investigation found evidence of lying, improper procedure and tampering with an official record. Former DNA lab technician Peter Lentz worked on 185 criminal cases, including 51 murders or capital murders, according to letters sent out by the Harris County District Attorney's Office and obtained by the Houston Chronicle through an open records request. Earlier this year, Harris County prosecutors identified nearly two dozen criminal cases that could be in jeopardy after they linked them to a Houston homicide detective fired for lying and conducting shoddy investigations. By law, prosecutors have to disclose evidence that could be helpful to the defense. Because the department would not answer questions about the investigation, the allegations remain unclear. Assistant Harris County District Attorney Jennifer Falk, who has two capital murder cases that are affected by the allegations including Bourque's, said the office is looking at all of the technician's cases and retesting anything it has doubts about.
DA  - 2014/06/19/T01:31:00+00:00
PY  - 2014
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Scores-of-cases-affected-after-HPD-Crime-Lab-5562835.php
Y2  - 2019/04/26/18:47:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Informed Misdemeanor Sentencing Symposium: Judicial Responsibility for Justice in Criminal Courts
AU  - Roberts, Jenny
T2  - Hofstra Law Review
DA  - 2017///2018
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 46
SP  - 171
EP  - 214
J2  - Hofstra L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Informed Misdemeanor Sentencing Symposium
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/hoflr46&i=179
Y2  - 2019/04/26/18:50:08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Introspection through Litigation
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
T2  - Notre Dame Law Review
DA  - 2014///2015
PY  - 2014
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 90
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1104
J2  - Notre Dame L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/tndl90&i=1101
Y2  - 2019/04/26/18:51:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Toward a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice: How the Innocence Movement Mergers Crime Control and Due Process Can We Reduce the Amount of Wrongfully Convicted People without Acquitting Too Many Guilty
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
T2  - Texas Tech Law Review
DA  - 2008///2009
PY  - 2008
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 41
SP  - 133
EP  - 174
J2  - Tex. Tech L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Toward a New Paradigm of Criminal Justice
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/text41&i=141
Y2  - 2019/04/26/19:00:23
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An Integrated Justice Model of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - Albany Law Review
DA  - 2010///2011
PY  - 2010
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 74
SP  - 1465
EP  - 1524
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/albany74&i=1475
Y2  - 2019/04/26/19:01:39
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - The Sentinel Events Initiative: Becoming a Demonstration Site
AU  - Bureau of Justice Assistance
AB  - The Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI) aims to empower jurisdictions by learning from negative outcomes in the criminal justice system and preventing their reoccurrence. Currently, the Bureau of Justice Assistance is seeking sites for the SEI National Demonstration Collaboration, in which jurisdictions across the country will receive technical assistance to conduct sentinel event reviews of outcomes such as wrongful releases, in-custody deaths, or fatal overdoses of justice-involved individuals. This webinar provided an overview of the sentinel events approach and an opportunity for interested applicants to ask questions about SEI.
DA  - 2019/04/31/
PY  - 2019
DP  - YouTube
ST  - The Sentinel Events Initiative
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnvrWH5oFwQ&feature=youtu.be
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:05:22
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Man released from jail after alibi evidence shown in now-dismissed capital murder case
AU  - Remkus, Ashley
T2  - AL.com
AB  - The capital murder case against an Alabama man has been dismissed after his attorney provided alibi evidence that shows him about 160 miles away around the time of the crime, records state.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/LAwQxw_BNoY
DA  - 2019/04/27/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.scribd.com/embeds/407820178/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true&access_key=key-jKoZjZrdgEqpruf0eRha
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:12:47
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - $14 million settlement for man cleared of 1984 murder of 15-year-old girl in Park Forest
AU  - Hinkel, Dan
T2  - chicagotribune.com
AB  - $14 million settlement for Christopher Abernathy, wrongfully convicted of 1984 murder of Kristina Hickey, 

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/XzJ-bN41Aho
DA  - 2019/04/29/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-met-christopher-abernathy-lawsuit-settled-20190429-story.html
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:21:55
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - In Conversation with...Lucian Leape, MD | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - PS NET
T2  - Agency for Healtcare Research and Quality
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/perspective/conversation-lucian-leape-md
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:32:00
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - College of Policing - Crime Reduction Toolkit
AU  - UK College of Policing
AB  - The best available evidence on reducing crime
LA  - en-GB
UR  - http://whatworks.college.police.uk/toolkit/Pages/Toolkit.aspx
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:50:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of error in organizing behaviour. | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
AU  - Rasmussen, Jens
T2  - Journal of Ergonomics
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
VL  - 33
IS  - 11
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1199
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/1491
Y2  - 2019/05/10/15:13:06
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Sandra Bland footage casts light on police misconduct debate
AU  - Cheny-Rice, Zak
T2  - New York Magazine
AB  - We can say with confidence that this is a systemic problem because letting these officers off the hook is a systemic act — enshrined in law and practice across the United States and carried out in official press conferences, departmental investigations, and grand jury proceedings. “A few bad apples” are not to blame for a system-wide mechanism which police can so reliably turn to for exoneration that they do so almost every time they are caught doing wrong. There is something fundamentally nefarious about the whole institution when so many such cases follow a familiar script: Commit violence against an unarmed civilian, then claim — often dishonestly — to have been so frightened that no other option was available.

Sandra Bland may have been mistreated by a lone officer on the street that day. But it was the system that empowered Encinia to treat her as he did in the first place — and that gave him confidence that even if the encounter ended with her dying, he could lie and expect to be protected.

SIGN UP FOR THE INTELLIGENCER NEWSLETTER
Daily news about the politics, business, and technology shaping our world.
Email
Enter your email
 
Terms & Privacy Notice
TAGS: SANDRA BLAND  POLICE MISCONDUCT  RACISM  JAILS  MORE
38COMMENTS

MOST VIEWED STORIES
Here’s Why Airplane Boarding Got So Ridiculous
Why Trump Voters Are Giving the Right Qualms About Capitalism
Flynn Told Special Counsel That Trump Team Tried to Interfere in Russia Probe
There’s a 49 Percent Chance the World As We Know It Will End by 2050
The GOP’s Assault on Abortion Rights Is Tyranny of the Minority

MOST VIEWED STORIES



https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/jHvBO6N1VxM
DA  - 2019/05/09/
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/05/sandra-bland-footage.html?utm_source=The+Marshall+Project+Newsletter&utm_campaign=4665e901e2-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_05_13_11_21&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_5e02cdad9d-4665e901e2-119792189&fbclid=IwAR14d1hu-2WrBiGGa-I2FD4bUU6XmV5Xm-JPr9srcto4_OGXhAzmfkbx4lM
Y2  - 2019/05/17/15:51:28
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Disciplinary Decisions
AU  - Stephens, Darrel W
AB  - Police executives are responsible for the administration of discipline in their agencies. It is one
of their most important and challenging responsibilities. Disciplinary decisions are closely
watched by officers and, for high profile cases, by the community as well. Officers are very
concerned about the fairness and consistency of these decisions. The community is  concerned about officer’s being held accountable for misconduct. Chiefs want to ensure officers are held accountable for their behavior and also want discipline to be applied in a fair and consistent
manner.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lGiBm4aL5JM
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
PB  - Bureau of Justice Assistance
UR  - http://bjaleader.org/pdfs/039DisciplinaryDecisions.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Supportive Housing Reduces Homelessness—and Lowers Health Care Costs by Millions
AU  - Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa
AU  - California 90401-3208
AB  - Los Angeles County has moved some of its most chronically homeless and vulnerable residents into permanent housing. Providing them with social services and health care has dramatically reduced their use of emergency rooms and other services, saving taxpayers millions of dollars.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/HB3rLXmHDNY
DA  - 2018/06/27/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.rand.org/blog/rand-review/2018/06/supportive-housing-reduces-homelessness-and-lowers.html
Y2  - 2019/05/20/18:09:48
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Human error caused 2017 Amtrak derailment that killed 3 | Tacoma News Tribune
AU  - Gleenn, Stacia
T2  - News Tribune
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/R3QxwKxqNfU
DA  - 2019/05/21/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/article230476719.html?fbclid=IwAR02bNByYXKzBPmFIR0XgKjF5OlHfYD0C4yH09L5qGVgPv9gG9Mqr_6AaUw
Y2  - 2019/05/23/20:50:16
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How the system failed Eric Garner: A look back at how the case against Officer Daniel Pantaleo collapsed
AU  - Emery, Richard
T2  - NY Daily News
DA  - 2019/05/22/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-how-the-system-failed-eric-garner-20190522-jplzccao2nhtzczwg5ll37bls4-story.html
Y2  - 2019/05/23/20:54:44
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Keeping the Wrong Secrets: The ‘Cone of Silence’ Around Exonerations | The Crime Report
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - In every criminal justice bureaucracy, there are layers of mid-level people who have been taught that their role is to help their department (or office, or agency, or court) keep its head down.  The rote demands for confidentiality orders and the refusal to admit wrongdoing in the Abernathy case were predictable, reflexive, part of a routine.
DA  - 2019/05/28/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/05/28/keeping-the-wrong-secrets-the-cone-of-silence-around-exonerations/
Y2  - 2019/05/28/20:42:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The complexity of failure: Implications of complexity theory for safety investigations - ScienceDirect
AU  - Sidney, Dekker
AU  - Cilliers, Peter
AU  - Jan-Hendrick, Hofmeyr
T2  - Safety Science
AB  - Complexity theory suggests that we see performance as an emergent property, the result of complex interactions and relationships. This can clash, however, with what stakeholders see as legitimate and normal in accident investigations. When systems fail, it is still common to blame components (e.g. human errors) and when they succeed spectacularly, to think in terms of individual heroism (e.g. the A320 Hudson River landing). In this paper, we lay out the contrast between a Newtonian analysis of failure that can be recognized in many efforts at safety analysis and improvement. It makes particular assumptions about the relationship between cause and effect, foreseeability of harm, time-reversibility and the ability to produce the “true story” of an accident. With inspiration from complexity theory, failures are seen as an emergent property of complexity. We explore what that means for safety science and work towards a post-Newtonian analysis of failure in complex systems.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Eq5HllNX810
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753511000105
Y2  - 2019/05/28/20:50:16
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - LA County Public Defender’s Office Wins National Award for Outreach
AB  - The Los Angeles County Public Defender’s Office has won an Achievement Award from the National Association of Counties for its Proposition 47 outreach and community reentry services. The award honors innovative, effective county government programs that strengthen services for residents.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Z5sqm8wpB-o
DA  - 2019/05/24/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://scvnews.com/2019/05/24/la-county-public-defenders-office-wins-national-award-for-outreach/
Y2  - 2019/05/28/20:58:54
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why are so many people dying in US prisons and jails? | US news | The Guardian
AU  - Sainato, Michael
T2  - Guardian
AB  - Surges in the number of Americans dying while incarcerated have occurred against a backdrop of an increase in the US prison population by 500% over the last 40 years. Based on the latest national figures available from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 4,980 prisoners in US correctional facilities died in 2014, a nearly 3% increase from 2013. In state prisons, the mortality rate was 275 for every 100,000 people, the highest since data collection began in 2001.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/LSYI-oh5-6E
DA  - 2019/05/26/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/26/us-prisons-jails-inmate-deaths
Y2  - 2019/05/28/21:01:30
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Critical Incident Review Board (CIRB) |
AU  - City of Tucson
T2  - Official website of the City of Tucson
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/xwuwBTzfxs0
UR  - https://www.tucsonaz.gov/police/critical-incident-review-board-cirb-0
Y2  - 2019/05/28/21:10:33
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Big Data Prosecution and Brady
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AB  - Prosecutors are joining the big data revolution, adopting “intelligence-driven” strategies to target crime patterns.  Centralized big data systems now track offenders, places, and groups allowing prosecutors to link crimes by time, place, associations, or other connections. Adding to these types of formalized, structured databases are growing sources of raw, unstructured big data from digital surveillance technologies like video cameras, police body cameras, and automated license plate readers. The prosecutors of the future will sit on a wealth of valuable investigative insights – all searchable and potentially relevant for a more aggressive and proactive investigation strategy.     But as helpful as these new forms of centralized data collection might be for investigators, there remains a critical open issue: the systems were not designed to identify the exculpatory and impeaching material prosecutors are required to disclose under Brady v. Maryland.  The information exists in the government’s possession, but cannot be obtained because of the way the systems were designed.  This Article examines the design flaw at the core of the intelligence-driven prosecution model – a flaw that creates a due process problem that threatens to undermine the legality and legitimacy of this innovation.  It is an urgent examination because intelligence-driven prosecution is being promoted nationally as the future of prosecution.  The Article also explores how big data prosecution necessitates a new theory of Brady. The shift away from an individualized, reactive approach to crime requires a parallel shift in Brady theory.  In an intelligence-driven prosecution system, Brady should be understood to include a proactive search for relationships and patterns, a broader quantitatively search through shared systems, a structured process for qualitative assessments, and even the possibility of predictive analytics to flag potential Brady material.  This Article develops a new Brady theory consistent with the changed technology.  Fortunately, precisely because of the networked technology at issue, big data information systems can be reengineered to flag, link, evaluate, and predict relevant data for prosecutors.  This Article offers a way to engineer a theoretical and technological solution to current Brady practice consistent with due process principles.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/GPQKL9Fzu0g
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2019/05/31/
PY  - 2019
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3397292
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3397292
Y2  - 2019/06/10/14:04:13
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Andrew Guthrie Ferguson
KW  - Big Data Prosecution and Brady
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Boeing Built Deadly Assumptions Into 737 Max, Blind to a Late Design Change - The New York Times
AU  - Nicas, Jack
AU  - Kitroeff, Natalie
AU  - Gelles, David
AU  - Glanz, James
T2  - New York Times
AB  - The fatal flaws with Boeing’s 737 Max can be traced to a breakdown late in the plane’s development, when test pilots, engineers and regulators were left in the dark about a fundamental overhaul to an automated system that would ultimately play a role in two crashes.


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/7VB_F8Em2Kg
DA  - 2019/06/01/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/01/business/boeing-737-max-crash.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage
Y2  - 2019/06/10/15:48:16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sifting the Ashes
AU  - Lentini, John
T2  - Scientific Fire Analysis
AB  - More than 15 years after his death, Cameron Todd Willingham is back in the news with the release of the movie Trial by Fire, starring Laura Dern and Jack O’Connell.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/_oBhd0HjLUw
DA  - 2019/06/01/
PY  - 2019
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
UR  - http://www.firescientist.com/newsletter9.php
Y2  - 2019/06/10/15:51:12
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Making Sense Out of Justice Tragedies
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Can a process developed to analyze serious mishaps in the US Forest Service be applied to justice? Its creator believes that the “Learning Review,” now used in medicine and other fields to learn from accidents, incidents and normal work, without trying to affix blame, is ideally suited to criminal justice as well.
DA  - 2018/07/25/T15:02:18+00:00
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2018/07/25/making-sense-out-of-justice-mistakes/
Y2  - 2019/06/10/15:55:49
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Should A Progressive Prosecutor Respond to Injustice Beyond Her Courtroom?
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
AB  - JUDGE: The clerk will call the next case. CLERK: The next case, Your Honor, is the City of Montgomery versus Rosa Parks. DISTRICT ATTORNEY: George Smith for the City of Montgomery, Your Honor. Ms. Par...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JjaV0Vk11QQ
DA  - 2019/06/10/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://verdict.justia.com/2019/06/10/how-should-a-progressive-prosecutor-respond-to-injustice-beyond-her-courtroom
Y2  - 2019/06/11/19:37:50
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Medical errors prevalent and costly, new survey of Massachusetts residents shows
AU  - Staff, Liz Kowalczyk Globe
AU  - , Updated
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Researchers calculated that errors in the state totaled 61,982 in one single year.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1FZbk0uFfg4
DA  - 2019/06/19/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/06/09/medical-errors-prevalent-and-costly-new-survey-massachusetts-residents-shows/S638JPepS1IseX6peKER6N/story.html
Y2  - 2019/06/11/19:41:35
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Who’s the Villain in ‘When They See Us’?
AU  - Smith, Jamil
T2  - Rolling Stone
AB  - The fallout from Ava DuVernay’s Central Park Five miniseries should focus not on just its flesh-and-blood villains, but look at the failures of the system at large
DA  - 2019/06/08/T13:07:53+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/when-they-see-us-central-park-five-kalief-browder-845839/
Y2  - 2019/06/11/20:39:46
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Journalist Jim Dwyer Reflects On The Central Park Five
AU  - Anonymous
T2  - Here and Now
AB  - New York Times journalist Jim Dwyer talks about the case and the new four-part Netflix series, "When They See Us."
DA  - 2019/06/10/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
PB  - WBUR
UR  - https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/06/10/jim-dwyer-central-park-five
Y2  - 2019/06/11/20:40:19
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The True Story of How a City in Fear Brutalized the Central Park Five
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - “When They See Us” revisits the case of the wrongfully convicted teenage boys. A writer who covered the original trial looks back on a warped time, and the warping of truth.
DA  - 2019/06/03/T14:08:26.206Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Arts
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/arts/television/when-they-see-us-real-story.html
Y2  - 2019/06/13/16:31:12
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Trump, Donald J
KW  - Central Park (Manhattan, NY)
KW  - Central Park Jogger Case (1989)
KW  - Documentary Films and Programs
KW  - DuVernay, Ava
KW  - McCray, Antron
KW  - Meili, Trisha
KW  - Morgenthau, Robert M
KW  - Reyes, Matias
KW  - Richardson, Kevin
KW  - Salaam, Yusef
KW  - Santana, Raymond
KW  - Sharpton, Al
KW  - Television
KW  - The Central Park Five (Movie)
KW  - When They See Us (TV Program)
KW  - Wise, Kharey
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Elizabeth Lederer, Prosecutor of Central Park Five, Resigns From Columbia Law
AU  - Jacobs, Julia
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Ms. Lederer was portrayed in the Netflix mini-series “When They See Us” as aggressively prosecuting five black and Latino boys for rape despite doubts about their guilt.
DA  - 2019/06/13/T14:56:22.033Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Arts
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/arts/elizabeth-lederer-central-park-five.html
Y2  - 2019/06/13/16:33:52
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Manhattan (NYC)
KW  - Central Park Jogger Case (1989)
KW  - Television
KW  - When They See Us (TV Program)
KW  - Fairstein, Linda
KW  - Law Schools
KW  - Lederer, Elizabeth
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Opinion | Netflix’s False Story of the Central Park Five
AU  - Fairstein, Linda
T2  - Wall Street Journal
AB  - Ava DuVernay’s miniseries wrongly portrays them as totally innocent—and defames me in the process.
DA  - 2019/06/10/T23:03:00.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - www.wsj.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0099-9660
UR  - https://www.wsj.com/articles/netflixs-false-story-of-the-central-park-five-11560207823
Y2  - 2019/06/13/16:37:02
KW  - assault
KW  - general news
KW  - political
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - #metoo
KW  - bigotry
KW  - commentaries
KW  - criminal activity
KW  - domestic politics
KW  - entertainment
KW  - international relations
KW  - media
KW  - media content distribution
KW  - online service providers
KW  - opinion
KW  - opinions
KW  - politics
KW  - racism
KW  - rape
KW  - robbery
KW  - streaming services
KW  - technology
KW  - the central park five
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Attacker’s Other Victims in the Central Park Five Case
AU  - Weinman, Sarah
T2  - The Cut: New York Magazine
DA  - 2019/06/03/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.thecut.com/2019/06/the-attackers-other-victims-in-the-central-park-five-case.html
Y2  - 2019/06/13/16:42:22
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Devastating New Miniseries Examines The Horrors Faced By The Central Park 5
AU  - McDonald, Soraya Nadia
T2  - Fresh Air
AB  - In telling the story of five teens wrongly convicted of rape, Ava DuVernay's When They See Us reminds viewers what happens when adults responsible for upholding justice instead chose to subvert it.
DA  - 2019/06/10/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.npr.org/2019/06/10/731255213/devastating-new-miniseries-examines-the-horrors-faced-by-the-central-park-5
Y2  - 2019/06/13/17:34:22
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Why the Central Park 5 Falsely Confessed to Rape - 'When They See Us' Explains How False Confessions Happen
AU  - Storey, Kate
T2  - Esquire
DA  - 2019//01/Jne
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a27574472/when-they-see-us-central-park-5-false-confessions/
Y2  - 2019/06/14/20:52:21
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lessons Learned from the Police Response to the San Bernardino and Orlando Terrorist Attacks
AU  - Staub, Frank
AU  - Zeunik, Jennifer
AU  - Gorban, Ben
T2  - CTCSentinel
AB  - https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/CTC-Sentinel%20Vol%2010%20Issue%205%202017.pdf
In the early hours of June 12, 2016, an Islamic State-inspired gunman carried out the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since 9/11, shooting dead
49 people in an Orlando nightclub. The attacker was finally killed after a
three-hour hostage standof, leading to questions raised in the media over the police response. One
year later, Frank Straub, Jennifer Zeunik, and Ben Gorban look at the lessons learned from the police
response to the Orlando and San Bernardino terrorist attacks based on critical incident reviews they
conducted for the Police Foundation. In our cover article, they outline how regular police units who
were first to respond to the attacks were faced with chaos and “unimaginable devastation ... with
victims begging for help, people dying, and others who were already deceased” as well as adversaries
armed with powerful weapons with explosives or making threats to use them against hostages. The
authors argue that with the Islamic State calling for attacks in all 50 U.S. states, police forces across
the country need to adapt their training and equipment to prepare for IED, suicide bombing, and
hostage situations. Their review found that while Orlando police followed current best practices designed to avoid the deaths of hostages and unreasonable danger to police, new protocols may be
necessary for terrorist hostage attacks. In our interview this month, James Gagliano, a former counterterrorist operator for the FBI Hostage Rescue Team, argues that with Islamic State-inspired hostage-takers seeking to kill as many as possible before being killed themselves, the new guidance in
these cases should be for law enforcement to more quickly or immediately implement rescue plans to
save as many hostages as possible
DA  - 2017/05//
PY  - 2017
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘Confirmation Bias’ Called a Key Reason for Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Staff
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Why do innocent people go to jail? Two Texas State University professors argue that procedural mistakes like eyewitness misidentification and flawed forensic evidence are compounded by a common human failing: once we come to a conclusion about an issue, we rarely pay attention to evidence that might contradict it.
DA  - 2019/07/16/T11:45:53+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/07/16/confirmation-bias-called-a-key-reason-for-wrongful-convictions/
Y2  - 2019/07/18/19:07:35
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Have Americans Lost Interest in Real Police Reform?
AU  - Wald, Johanna
AU  - Kendall-Taylor, Nathaniel
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The focus on misconduct of individual officers has shifted attention from the harder task of addressing the systemic flaws of U.S. policing, argue two researchers. They propose a way to get reform efforts back on track.
DA  - 2019/07/30/T11:45:04+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/07/30/have-americans-lost-interest-in-real-police-reform/
Y2  - 2019/07/30/17:37:10
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - These police officers were members of extremist groups on Facebook
AU  - Carless, Will
AU  - Corey, Michael
T2  - Reveal
AB  - We downloaded data from Facebook and asked a question: How many people were members of at least one extremist group and at least one police group?
DA  - 2019/06/27/T18:00:17+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.revealnews.org/article/these-police-officers-were-members-of-extremist-groups-on-facebook/
Y2  - 2019/07/30/17:40:00
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Beware the ‘Professional’ Reformer | The Crime Report
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Reform has professionalized, and the profession is organized around discrete tasks that can be expressed in grant announcements, awarded, completed, evaluated, and (when promising) publicized.

Has this process fostered a vision of criminal justice change no individual participant would completely endorse, and which many participants would repudiate? Will it take on a life of its own?
DA  - 2019/08/01/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/01/beware-the-professional-reformer/
Y2  - 2019/08/01/21:06:05
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Madison City Council approve initial recommendations from police committee
AU  - Becker, Abigail
T2  - Madison Cap Times
AB  - On Tuesday, the Madison City Council signaled its support of pursuing civilian review mechanisms and a comprehensive internal review process of critical incidents.
DA  - 2019/08/07/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://madison.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/madison-city-council-approve-initial-recommendations-from-police-committee/article_64b1b9d9-f18b-54c6-bde6-3cd76d8b78ef.html
Y2  - 2019/08/08/15:17:13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Did Ceasefire, Compstat, and Exile Reduce Homicide?
AU  - Rosenfeld, Richard
AU  - Fornango, Robert
AU  - Baumer, Eric
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - This study examined the effects of highly publicized policing interventions on homicide rates in three cities: Boston, New York, and Richmond, VA. Declining crime rates during the 1990s led police officials to take credit for the decline, particularly the decline in violent crimes. Indeed, three cities touted the impact of their highly publicized policing intervention programs as integral to declining crime rates: Boston’s Operation Ceasefire, New York’s Compstat, and Richmond, Virginia’s Project Exile. In order to measure the impact of these programs on homicide trends, the authors gathered homicide data from the Supplemental Homicide Reports (SHR) for the period 1992 through 2001. Piecewise linear growth models were used to evaluate the homicide trends while controlling for a wide range of other influences on homicide, such as male unemployment rate and median family income. Results revealed that New York’s homicide trend was consistent with homicide trends in other large cities, indicating no effect of the Compstat intervention program. Boston’s homicide trends did decrease more dramatically than other comparable cities, yet the small number of homicide incidents in the city precludes robust conclusions. Finally, Richmond demonstrated significantly greater homicide reductions than comparable cities following the implementation of Project Exile, suggesting the intervention caused the reduction. Future research should continue to use comparable data and methods to evaluate the impact of policing interventions on crime rates. Footnotes, figures, table, references, appendixes
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
SP  - 419
EP  - 450
LA  - English
UR  - https://search.proquest.com/docview/9714520?accountid=26333
AN  - 9714520; 233849
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2013-10-04</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2013-10-09</p>
N1  - <p>This article tests the theory that CompStat was responsible for New York City’s homicide decline, by applying growth-curve analysis to ninety-five cities from 1992 to 2001. Results suggest that following the implementation of CompStat, New York City’s homicide rate did not vary significantly from the other cities, suggesting that it alone did not cause this decline.</p>
N1  - <p>This article tests the theory that CompStat was responsible for New York City’s homicide decline, by applying growth-curve analysis to ninety-five cities from 1992 to 2001. Results suggest that following the implementation of CompStat, New York City’s homicide rate did not vary significantly from the other cities, suggesting that it alone did not cause this decline.</p>
N1  - <p>This article tests the theory that CompStat was responsible for New York City’s homicide decline, by applying growth-curve analysis to ninety-five cities from 1992 to 2001. Results suggest that following the implementation of CompStat, New York City’s homicide rate did not vary significantly from the other cities, suggesting that it alone did not cause this decline.</p>
N1  - <p>This article tests the theory that CompStat was responsible for New York City’s homicide decline, by applying growth-curve analysis to ninety-five cities from 1992 to 2001. Results suggest that following the implementation of CompStat, New York City’s homicide rate did not vary significantly from the other cities, suggesting that it alone did not cause this decline.</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - New York (36000)
KW  - Massachusetts (25000)
KW  - Virginia (51000)
KW  - Homicide trends (09875)
KW  - Criminal justice program evaluation (09065)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Applying sentinel event reviews to policing
AU  - Hollway, John
AU  - Grunwald, Ben
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - A sentinel event review (SER) is a system‐based, multistakeholder review of an organizational error. The goal of an SER is to prevent similar errors from recurring in the future rather than identifying and punishing the responsible parties. In this article, we provide a detailed description of one of the first SERs conducted in an American police department—the review of the Lex Street Massacre investigation and prosecution, which resulted in the wrongful incarceration of four innocent men for 18 months. The results of the review suggest that SERs may help identify new systemic reforms for participating police departments and other criminal justice agencies.
DA  - 2019/07/31/
PY  - 2019
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12457
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 705
EP  - 730
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1745-9133.12457
Y2  - 2019/08/16/14:05:19
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Justice Series: Policing
AU  - Worrall
AU  - Schmalleger
AB  - Hollway and Grunwald (2019): "Another recent textbook devotes a quarter of a page to “sentinel event reviews” but does not indicate whether any police departments have implemented them (Worrall & Schmalleger, 2018)."
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
ET  - 3rd
UR  - https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Worrall-Policing-Justice-Series-3rd-Edition/PGM333509.html
Y2  - 2019/08/16/14:37:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An experimental study of compressed work schedules in policing: Advantages and disadvantages of various shift lengths
AU  - Amendola, K.L.
AU  - Weisburd, D.
AU  - Hamilton, E.E.
AU  - Jones, G.
AU  - Slipka, M.
T2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 407
EP  - 422
LA  - pt
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Veterans Affairs root cause analysis system in action
AU  - Bagian, J.P.
AU  - Gosbee, J.
AU  - Lee, C.Z.
AU  - Williams, L.
AU  - McKnight, S.D.
AU  - Mannos, D.M.
T2  - Journal on Quality Improvement
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
VL  - 28
IS  - 10
SP  - 531
EP  - 545
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The functions of the police in modern society: A review of background factors, current practices, and possible role models
AU  - Bittner, E.
CY  - Rockville
DA  - 1970///
PY  - 1970
LA  - en
PB  - National Institute of Mental Health
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can homicide detectives improve homicide clearance rates?
AU  - Braga, A.A.
AU  - Dusseault, D.
T2  - Crime & Delinquency
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
SP  - 283
EP  - 315
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Moving the work of criminal investigators towards crime control
AU  - Braga, A.A.
AU  - Flynn, E.A.
AU  - Kelling, G.L.
AU  - Cole, C.M.
T2  - New perspectives in policing bulletin
CY  - Washington
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
LA  - en
PB  - National Institute of
UR  - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eyewitness identification
AU  - Brewer, N.
AU  - Wells, G.L.
T2  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Brothers found guilty in Phila. massacre
AU  - Caruso, D.B.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
LA  - en
PB  - Washington Post
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Introduction to American policing
AU  - Champion, D.H.
AU  - Hooper, M.K.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
LA  - en
PB  - McGraw‐Hill
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Treachery: Sister of Lex Street victim says suspect
AU  - Conroy, T.
A2  - her, hugged
A2  - at, her mom
CY  - Philadelphia
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
LA  - en
PB  - Daily News
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Introduction to policing
AU  - Cox, S.M.
AU  - Marchionna, S.
AU  - Fitch, B.D.
CY  - Washington
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
ET  - 3rd ed
LA  - en
PB  - Sage
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Successfully completing case study research: Combining rigour, relevance and pragmatism
AU  - Darke, P.
AU  - Shanks, G.
AU  - Broadbent, M.
T2  - Information Systems Journal
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SP  - 273
EP  - 289
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - An introduction to policing (7th
AU  - Dempsey, J.S.
AU  - Forst, L.S.
CY  - Clifton
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ET  - ed
LA  - en
PB  - Park: Delmar, Cengage Learning
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Introduction to law enforcement: An insider's view
AU  - Doerner, W.G.
CY  - Dubuque
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
ET  - 2nd ed
LA  - en
PB  - Kendall/Hunt
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A “safety model” perspective can aid diagnosis, prevention, and restoration after criminal justice harms
AU  - Doyle, J.M.
T2  - Santa Clara Law Review
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3171542
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The problem of false confessions in the post‐DNA world
AU  - Drizin, S.A.
AU  - Leo, R.
T2  - North Carolina Law Review
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 82
SP  - 891
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Energize your workplace: How to create and sustain high‐quality connections at
AU  - Dutton, J.E.
CY  - work, San Francisco
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
LA  - en
PB  - Jossey‐Bass
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams
AU  - Edmondson, A.
T2  - Administrative Science Quarterly
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SP  - 350
EP  - 383
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting erroneous convictions: A social science approach to miscarriages of justice
AU  - Gould, J.B.
AU  - Carrano, J.
AU  - Leo, R.A.
AU  - Young, J.K.
T2  - Univ. of San Francisco Law Research Paper
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Law enforcement in the 21st century
AU  - Grant, H.
AU  - Terry, K.J.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
LA  - en
PB  - Pearson Education
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Defining medical error
AU  - Grober, E.D.
AU  - Bohnen, J.M.A.
T2  - Canadian Journal of Surgery
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
LA  - sv
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Loss of innocence: Eyewitness identification and proof of guilt
AU  - Gross, S.R.
T2  - Journal of Legal Studies
DA  - 1987///
PY  - 1987
VL  - 16
SP  - 395
EP  - 453
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What we think, what we know and what we think we know about false convictions
AU  - Gross, S.R.
T2  - Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 14
SP  - 753
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Rate of false conviction of criminal defendants who are sentenced to death
AU  - Gross, S.R.
AU  - O'Brien, B.
AU  - Hu, C.
AU  - Kennedy, E.H.
C3  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
VL  - 111
SP  - 7230
EP  - 7235
LA  - en
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1306417111
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The fragile promise of open‐file discovery
AU  - Grunwald, B.
T2  - Connecticut Law Review
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 771
EP  - 836
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Introduction to policing: The pillar of democracy
AU  - Haberfeld, M.R.
AU  - Lieberman, C.
AU  - Horning, A.
CY  - Durham
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
LA  - en
PB  - Carolina Academic Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development of medical checklists for improved quality of patient care
AU  - Hales, B.
AU  - Terblanche, M.
AU  - Fowler, R.
AU  - Sibbald, W.
T2  - International Journal for Quality in Healthcare
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 2
EP  - 30
LA  - it
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police operations: Theory and practice
AU  - Hess, K.M.
AU  - Wrobleski, H.M.
CY  - Belmont
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
LA  - en
PB  - Thomson Wadsworth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of confirmation bias in suspect interviews: A systematic evaluation
AU  - Hill, C.
AU  - Memon, A.
AU  - McGeorge, P.
T2  - Legal and Criminological Psychology
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 13
SP  - 357
EP  - 371
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A human error taxonomy for analyzing healthcare incident reports: Assessing reporting culture and its effects on safety performance
AU  - Ito, K.
AU  - Omata, N.
AU  - Andersen, H.B.
T2  - Journal of Risk Research
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 485
EP  - 511
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Framework for root cause analysis and corrective action
AU  - Commission, Joint
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.jointcommission.org/framework_for_conducting_a_root_cause_analysis_and_action_plan
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Behind the shield? Law enforcement agencies and the self‐critical analysis privilege
AU  - Jones, J.
T2  - Washington and Lee Law Review
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 1608
EP  - 1652
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Crackup on Lex Street. Philadelphia Weekly
AU  - Jones, S.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news/crackup-on-lex-street/article_b9c2d86a-6237-5d00-a29c-c7cf312c2b93.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Expanded discovery in criminal cases: A policy review
AU  - Project, Justice
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.pewtrusts.org/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Jammed up: Bad cops, police misconduct, and the New York City Police Department
AU  - Kane, R.J.
AU  - White, M.D.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
PB  - NYU Press
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Critical issues in police civil liability
AU  - Kappeler, V.E.
CY  - Long Grove: Waveland
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ET  - 4th ed
LA  - en
PB  - Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police‐induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations
AU  - Kassin, S.M.
AU  - Drizin, S.A.
AU  - Grisso, T.
AU  - Gudjonsson, G.H.
AU  - Leo, R.A.
AU  - Redlich, A.D.
T2  - Law and Human Behavior
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 34
SP  - 3
EP  - 38
LA  - fr
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Preventing medication errors in community pharmacy: Root‐cause analysis of transcription errors
AU  - Knudsen, P.
AU  - Herborg, H.
AU  - Mortensen, A.R.
AU  - Knudsen, M.
AU  - Hellebek, A.
T2  - Quality & Safety in Health Care
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 16
SP  - 285
EP  - 290
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - To err is human: Building a safer health system
AU  - Kohn, L.T.
AU  - Corrigan, J.M.
AU  - Donaldson, M.S.
CY  - Washington
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
LA  - en
PB  - National Academy Press
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Street corner bureaucracy
AU  - Lipsky, M.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
LA  - en
PB  - Russell Sage Foundation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital
AU  - Luthans, F.
AU  - Luthans, K.W.
AU  - Luthans, B.C.
T2  - Business Horizons
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 45
EP  - 50
LA  - pt
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The police: An introduction
AU  - Lyman, M.D.
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
ET  - 2nd ed
LA  - en
PB  - Upper Saddle River: Prentice‐Hall
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Just culture: A case study of accountability relationship boundaries influence on safety in HIGH‐consequence industries
AU  - McCall, J.R.
AU  - Pruchnicki, S.
T2  - Safety Science
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 94
SP  - 143
EP  - 151
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Flying in the face of criminalization
AU  - Michaelides‐Mateou, S.
AU  - Mateou, A.
CY  - Farnham, England
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
LA  - en
PB  - Ashgate
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rethinking peer review: Detecting and addressing medical malpractice claims risk
AU  - Moore, I.N.
AU  - Pichert, J.W.
AU  - Hickson, G.B.
AU  - Federspiel, C.
T2  - Vanderbilt Law Review
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 59
SP  - 1175
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - RCA2: Improving root cause analyses and actions to prevent harm
AU  - Foundation, National Patient Safety
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pitfalls of peer review: The limited protections of state and federal peer review law for physicians
AU  - Nijm, L.M.
T2  - Journal of Legal Medicine
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 24
SP  - 541
EP  - 556
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Managing accountability systems for police conduct
AU  - Noble, J.J.
AU  - Alpert, G.
CY  - Long Grove: Waveland
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
LA  - en
PB  - Press
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Policing America: Challenges and best practices. Upper Saddle
AU  - Peak, K.
CY  - River
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
LA  - en
PB  - Pearson Education
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Report on the Lex St
AU  - Team, Philadelphia Event Review
T2  - Massacre, National Institute of Justice Sentinel Events Initiative
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/6850-lex-st-report
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community
AU  - Putnam, R.D.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
LA  - en
PB  - Simon & Schuster
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How private insurers regulate public police
AU  - Rappaport, J.
T2  - Harvard Law Review
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 130
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1614
LA  - fr
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Human error
AU  - Reason, J.
CY  - Cambridge, England
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
LA  - en
PB  - Cambridge University Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Apologies and medical error
AU  - Robbennolt, J.
T2  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 467
IS  - 2
SP  - 376
EP  - 382
LA  - pt
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Federal accident investigations: Civil litigation viewpoint
AU  - Rosa, J.D.
T2  - Journal of Air Law and Commerce
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 83
SP  - 561
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Guidelines for conducting a stakeholder analysis
AU  - Schmeer, K.
CY  - Bethesda
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
LA  - en
PB  - Partnerships for Health Reform, Abt Associates Inc
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Knowledge solutions: Tools, methods and approaches to drive organizational performance
AU  - Serrat, O.
CY  - Singapore
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
PB  - Springer
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational stressors and police performance
AU  - Shane, J.M.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 807
EP  - 818
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Difficult conversations: How to discuss what matters most
AU  - Stone, D.
AU  - Patton, B.
AU  - Heen, S.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
LA  - en
PB  - Penguin Books
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - How did aviation become so safe, and beyond?
AU  - Stoop, J.
C3  - Proceedings of the 53rd ESReDA Seminar
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
UR  - https://pure.tudelft.nl/portal/files/30169059/ESReDA_53rd_Stoop_paper_final_version.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing
AU  - Sunshine, J.
AU  - Tyler, T.R.
T2  - Law & Society Review
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 37
SP  - 513
EP  - 548
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Police administration: Structures, processes, and behavior
AU  - Swanson, C.R.
AU  - Territo, L.
AU  - Taylor, R.W.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
ET  - 7th ed
LA  - en
PB  - Upper Saddle River: Prentice‐Hall
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Faith and moral development: A case study of a jail faith‐based correctional education program
AU  - Swanson, K.
T2  - Journal of Correctional Education
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 343
EP  - 358
LA  - pt
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Justice from within: The relations between a procedurally just organizational climate and police organizations efficiency, endorsement of democratic policing, and officer well‐being
AU  - Trinkner, R.
AU  - Tyler, T.R.
AU  - Goff, P.A.
T2  - Psychology, Public Policy, and Law
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 158
EP  - 172
LA  - en
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The impact of psychological science on policing in the United States: Procedural justice, legitimacy, and effective law enforcement
AU  - Tyler, T.R.
AU  - Goff, P.A.
AU  - MacCoun, R.J.
T2  - Psychological Science in the Public Interest
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 16
SP  - 75
EP  - 109
LA  - en
SV  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Case study evaluations
AU  - Office, U.S.General Accounting
AB  - https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO/PEMD-10.1.9
GAO presented information on the use of case study evaluations for GAO audit and evaluation work, focusing on: (1) the definition of a case study; (2) conditions under which a case study is an appropriate evaluation method for GAO work; and (3) distinguishing a good case study from a poor one. GAO also included information on: (1) various case study applications; and (2) case study design and strength assessment.
CY  - Washington
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
LA  - en
PB  - Office, U.S.General Accounting
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational error management culture and its impact on performance: A two‐study replication
AU  - Van Dyck, C.
AU  - Baer, M.
AU  - Frese, M.
AU  - Sonnentag, S.
T2  - Journal of Applied Psychology
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 90
IS  - 6
SP  - 1228
EP  - 1240
LA  - fr
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The new world of police accountability
AU  - Walker, S.
AU  - Archbold, C.
CY  - Washington
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
ET  - 2nd ed
LA  - en
PB  - Sage
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The police in America: An introduction
AU  - Walker, S.
AU  - Katz, C.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en
PB  - McGraw‐Hill
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Current issues and controversies in policing
AU  - White, M.D.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
LA  - en
PB  - Pearson Education
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Policing
AU  - Worrall, J.L.
AU  - Schmalleger, F.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
ET  - 3rd ed
LA  - en
PB  - Pearson Education
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations
AU  - Yin, R.K.
T2  - Evaluation
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 321
EP  - 332
LA  - et
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How Sentinel Event Reviews May Help Prevent Suicides in Jails: Report
AU  - Helm, Angela
T2  - The Root
AB  - Despite the fact that suicides make up one-third of all deaths in jail custody, nearly 63 percent of jails in the United States don’t conduct reviews following a suicide, and few institutionalized responses exist to answer instances of self-harm. In its latest report, “Preventing Suicide and Self-Harm in Jails: A Sentinel Approach” the Vera Institute of Justice partnered with four diverse county jail systems to study how they review and respond to incidents of suicide and self-harm and how they might integrate sentinel event reviews into those jails’ regular practices.

“In layman’s terms, a sentinel event is a significant negative outcome that signals underlying system weaknesses,” says Leah Pope, Senior Research Fellow in Vera’s Center on Substance Use and Mental Health and lead author of the July 2019 study. “So, [it refers to] something that has happened that might look like one fatal error, but is really the result of a series of errors.”
DA  - 2019/08/20/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.theroot.com/suicides-in-jails-are-preventable-how-a-unique-approac-1837371058
Y2  - 2019/08/21/15:41:26
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Preventing Suicide and Self-Harm in Jail: A Sentinel Events Approach
AU  - Pope, Leah
AU  - Tan de Bibiana, Jason
AU  - Todd, Therese
AB  - Vera’s first report provided practical guidance on how to conduct a sentinel event review—an all-stakeholder, nonblaming, and forward-looking examination of the error—in the aftermath of a suicide in custody. In this report, Vera shares lessons learned from an in-depth study of how four county jail systems review and respond to incidents of suicide and self-harm and the feasibility of integrating sentinel event reviews into those jails’ regular practices.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/_8x7e0m8Fko
DA  - 2019/07//
PY  - 2019
SP  - 43
PB  - Vera Institute of Justice
UR  - https://www.vera.org/publications/preventing-suicide-and-self-harm-in-jail
Y2  - 2019/08/21/15:46:37
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Do Prosecutors (and the Rest of Us) Get Sentencing So Wrong?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Some reformers suggest creating Sentence Review Units to reassess long prison terms that are no longer justified. While it’s a worthwhile idea, it still doesn’t address the bigger question, writes TCR’s legal columnist: how did those bad sentences happen in the first place?
DA  - 2019/08/21/T15:20:13+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/21/how-do-prosecutors-get-sentencing-so-wrong/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/14:32:19
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Prosecutor Power #1: John Pfaff on Mass Incarceration
AU  - Watkins, Matt
T2  - Center for Court Innovation
AB  - Prosecutor Power #1: John Pfaff on Mass Incarceration
DA  - 2018/04//
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
ST  - Prosecutor Power #1
UR  - https://www.courtinnovation.org/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/14:36:59
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Are the mentally ill falling through the cracks?
AU  - Fahy, Joe
T2  - Pittsburgh Post Gazette
DA  - 2008/09/07/
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://old.post-gazette.com/pg/08251/910157-114.stm
Y2  - 2019/08/23/15:30:23
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - What Medicine Could Teach Our Flawed Justice System
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - A unique Massachusetts agency devoted to the analysis of medical errors, inspired by the 1995 death of award-winning Boston reporter Betsy Lehman,  could be a model for getting past the bitter debates about who to blame for miscarriages of justice.
DA  - 2017/04/11/T11:00:55+00:00
PY  - 2017
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2017/04/11/what-the-movement-for-patient-safety-could-teach-our-flawed-justice-system/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/16:16:42
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - A Choice to Punish or To Learn from Parkland
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
T2  - Safety Differently
AB  - After the Parkland, Fl., school shooting February 14, 2018 the nation’s anger focused for a while on then-school resource officer Scot Peterson, who appeared to freeze outside the school while the ...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/cwKiFQe7NlE
DA  - 2019/08/06/T14:49:30+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - http://www.safetydifferently.com/a-choice-to-punish-or-to-learn-from-parkland/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/17:48:09
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can police data predict how ‘bad apple’ officers influence their fellow cops? New study says yes.
AU  - Sweeney, Annie
T2  - chicagotribune.com
AB  - A study to be released Thursday is among the first scholarly attempts to turn policing data inward and examine whether it’s possible to predict potential bad behavior by officers.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/I8TiQfPE-Jw
DA  - 2019/08/01/
PY  - 2019
LA  - English (United States), en-US
ST  - Can police data predict how ‘bad apple’ officers influence their fellow cops?
UR  - https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/criminal-justice/ct-predicting-bad-police-behavior-20190801-xumudeezmjalbbpmqwyvh26tdi-story.html
Y2  - 2019/08/23/17:50:28
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Study finds misconduct spreads among police officers like contagion
AU  - WU, Katherine
T2  - WGBH
AB  - According to new research, reassigning police officers with a history of misconduct makes it more likely that their new peers will also misbehave.
DA  - 2019/05/27/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/police-misconduct-peer-effects/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/17:51:07
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The confession
AU  - Starr, Douglas
T2  - Science
AB  - It may seem strange that people would confess to a crime they didn't commit. But false confessions are not rare: More than one-quarter of the 365 people exonerated in recent decades by the nonprofit Innocence Project had confessed to their alleged crimes. These days, confessions are being questioned as never before—not just by defense lawyers, but by lawmakers and some police departments, which are reexamining their approach to interrogation. Psychologist Saul Kassin of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City is one of the leading figures in this reexamination. In more than 30 years of research, he has revealed how standard interrogation techniques combine psychological pressures and escape hatches that can easily cause an innocent person to confess. In more recent work, he has shown how a confession, true or not, can exert a powerful pull on witnesses and even forensic examiners, shaping the entire trial.
A psychologist has shown how police questioning can get innocent people to condemn themselves.
A psychologist has shown how police questioning can get innocent people to condemn themselves.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Y237aS89PdY
DA  - 2019/06/14/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1126/science.364.6445.1022
DP  - science.sciencemag.org
VL  - 364
IS  - 6445
SP  - 1022
EP  - 1026
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6445/1022
Y2  - 2019/08/23/17:59:44
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ‘Career Civil Servants’ Blamed for Slow Pace of Justice Reform
AU  - Trovato, Maria
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Why haven’t the recent shifts in public opinion in favor of criminal justice reform produced more concrete changes across the country? A paper in the Boston College Law Review blames local bureaucratic resistance to changes in the status quo.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/twm4a9itLKo
DA  - 2019/06/21/T12:00:48+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/06/21/career-civil-servants-blamed-for-slow-pace-of-justice-reform/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:03:15
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Safety Changemaker: Culture ~ Rosa Carrillo with Edgar Schein and Sidney Dekker (Part One)
AU  - Parris, Tamara
AB  - In this episode, Rosa Antonia Carrillo is joined by friends Ed Schein and Sidney Dekker to address questions from our EHS Professional members regarding “Safety Culture”.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/fXDIbIRprb4
LA  - en
ST  - Safety Changemaker
UR  - https://take3network.wordpress.com/2019/06/23/safety-changemaker-season-two-rosa-carrillo-with-edgar-schein-and-sidney-dekker/
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:05:13
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The 'High-Crime Area' Question: Requiring Verifiable and Quantifiable Evidence for Fourth Amendment Reasonable Suspicion Analysis
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
AU  - Bernache, Damien
AB  - This article proposes a legal framework to analyze the "high crime area" concept in Fourth Amendment reasonable suspicion challenges.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2008/08/15/
PY  - 2008
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 1269169
ST  - The 'High-Crime Area' Question
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1269169
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:11:09
KW  - civil rights
KW  - constitutional law
KW  - crime mapping
KW  - data driven policing
KW  - Fourth Amendment
KW  - high crime area
KW  - high drug area
KW  - high-crime
KW  - probable cause
KW  - reasonable suspicion
KW  - search and seizure
KW  - technology and crime
KW  - Terry
KW  - Terry stop
KW  - Wardlow
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A New Test for Pete Buttigieg: Does He Feel Their Pain? - The New York Times
AU  - Gabriel, Trip
T2  - New York Times
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/42BftViR7iU
DA  - 2019/06/24/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/pete-buttigieg-south-bend-shooting.html?fbclid=IwAR1-UzLqb28GRiH2GxoNfb_bnRArBbRyaF1UjFjYHFqfMS0g81Qzu6w8tXU
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:14:56
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why the Eric Garner Case Is a Critical Test for the N.Y.P.D. Commissioner
AU  - Southall, Ashley
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - James P. O’Neill must strike a balance between supporting his rank-and-file officers and sending the message that a needless death in police custody will not go unpunished.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UBBxkfJA2JA
DA  - 2019/07/16/T13:38:35.362Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/nyregion/eric-garner-chokehold-daniel-pantaleo-discipline-trust.html
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:16:13
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - O'Neill, James P
KW  - Garner, Eric
KW  - Pantaleo, Daniel
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The CSI effect on cold case investigations
AU  - Trainum, James L.
T2  - Forensic Science International
AB  - Much has been made about the potential impact of fictional crime scene shows in the media on jury verdicts. However, there has been little discussion about how those programs, and the myriad of other true crime shows and documentaries may otherwise influence the actual investigative process. The intent of this paper is to discuss ways that such shows may impact the investigative process. The focus will be on the investigation of old, unsolved cases, commonly referred to as cold cases, because of the increasing focus on forensics in all aspects of the investigation and the number of television shows that feature such cases. This paper is not intended to be an academic study of the issue, as it relies much on anecdotal evidence and the experience of the author and others. The purpose is to hopefully generate further discussion and research with the goal of improving the investigative process.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/7sSVaNL32Rk
DA  - 2019/08/01/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.020
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 301
SP  - 455
EP  - 460
J2  - Forensic Science International
SN  - 0379-0738
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073819302051
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:24:36
KW  - Forensics
KW  - Cold case investigations
KW  - CSI effect
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation: A community-level model of authority
AU  - O'Brien, Thomas C.
AU  - Tyler, Tom R.
AU  - Meares, Tracey L.
T2  - Regulation & Governance
AB  - The research tests a model of reconciliation between authorities and communities. It expands past models of legitimacy to an intergroup dynamic model by identifying two community-level actions that legal authorities can undertake to build their popular legitimacy and promote cooperation. One type of action is a community-level reconciliatory gesture: an initiative that authorities make to communities to build trust by recognizing and trying to move beyond prior negative experiences. A second involves community-level opportunities for participating in decisions about how to manage social order. The results of this study with residents from a large metropolitan city suggest that both types of community-level gestures can make distinct contributions to building trust in and cooperation with the police.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/XK4nlwEZwqg
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1111/rego.12264
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 0
IS  - 0
LA  - en
SN  - 1748-5991
ST  - Building popular legitimacy with reconciliatory gestures and participation
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rego.12264
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:28:14
KW  - criminal justice reform
KW  - cooperation
KW  - intergroup relations
KW  - legitimacy
KW  - reconciliation
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - A man I found guilty of dealing drugs died in prison. I wish I could take that verdict back
AU  - St. Louis, Paul
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JCKmBRnycho
DA  - 2019/07/09/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-man-i-found-guilty-of-dealing-drugs-died-in-prison-i-wish-i-could-take-that-verdict-back/2019/07/09/a770960a-9d19-11e9-9ed4-c9089972ad5a_story.html
Y2  - 2019/08/23/18:41:02
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Elderly defendant spends over two years in Spokane County Jail waiting for trial as his public defenders keep quitting
AU  - Kelety, Josh
T2  - Inlander
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/qUJhcH-AUpg
William Mitchell, a 72-year-old inmate at Spokane County Jail, has been locked up at the facility since early 2017 when he was booked on charges...
DA  - 2019/07/26/July  , 201 26
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.inlander.com/spokane/elderly-defendant-spends-over-two-years-in-spokane-county-jail-waiting-for-trial-as-his-public-defenders-keep-quitting/Content?oid=18017259
Y2  - 2019/08/27/19:46:40
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Risk Assessment Tools Are Not A Failed 'Minority Report' - Law360
AU  - Desmarais, Sarah L
AU  - Garrett, Brandon
AU  - Rudin, Cynthia
AB  - Contrary to Wednesday's op-ed in the New York Times, which refers to pretrial risk assessment tools as "a real-world 'Minority Report'" that doesn't work, these tools and the promise they hold to improve judges’ and magistrates’ decision-making processes should not be dismissed simply because they aren’t yet perfect, say professors at North Carolina State University and Duke University.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/YWUF_Bw8Ub8
DA  - 2019/07/19/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.law360.com/articles/1180373/risk-assessment-tools-are-not-a-failed-minority-report
Y2  - 2019/08/27/19:48:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ‘Poking the skunk’: Ethical and medico-legal concerns in research about patients’ experiences of medical injury
AU  - Moore, Jennifer Schulz
AU  - Mello, Michelle M.
AU  - Bismark, Marie
T2  - Bioethics
AB  - Improving how health care providers respond to medical injury requires an understanding of patients’ experiences. Although many injured patients strongly desire to be heard, research rarely involves them. Institutional review boards worry about harming participants by asking them to revisit traumatic events, and hospital staff worry about provoking lawsuits. Institutions’ reluctance to approve this type of research has slowed progress toward responses to injuries that are better able to meet patients’ needs. In 2015–2016, we were able to surmount these challenges and interview 92 injured patients and families in the USA and New Zealand. This article explores whether the ethical and medico-legal concerns are, in fact, well-founded. Consistent with research about trauma-research-related distress, our participants’ accounts indicate that the pervasive fears about retraumatization are unfounded. Our experience also suggests that because being heard is an important (but often unmet) need for injured patients, talking provides psychological benefits and may decrease rather than increase the impetus to sue. Our article makes recommendations to institutional review boards and researchers. The benefits to responsibly conducted research with injured patients outweigh the risks to participants and institutions.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bioe.12599
DA  - 2019/06/20/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1111/bioe.12599
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 0
IS  - 0
LA  - en
SN  - 1467-8519
ST  - ‘Poking the skunk’
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bioe.12599
Y2  - 2019/08/27/19:59:27
KW  - ethics
KW  - injury
KW  - medical error
KW  - patient research trauma
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Financial and Human Cost of Medical Error: How Massachusetts Can Lead the Way on Patient Safety
AU  - Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety
AB  - There has been considerable progress on improving
the safety of health care for patients over the past
two decades. Much of this work has been done by
hospitals in Massachusetts and across the country.
Yet, medical error continues to cause hundreds
of thousands of deaths and injuries each year in
the United States.1,2 Preventable safety events
now occur in 115 of every 1,000 hospitalizations,3
costing payers an average of $8,000 per
admission.4,5 As more care is delivered outside of
hospitals, risks to patient safety are an emerging
concern in physician practices, dental offices,
surgery centers, pharmacies, dialysis centers,
patients’ homes, nursing homes—anywhere
patients receive care. Medication errors are
among the most common errors in outpatient and inpatient settings.6
 And one in 20 U.S. adults who
seek outpatient care will experience a diagnostic error each year, with about half of the errors considered potentially harmful.7

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/z3h5sn3K0r4
DA  - 2019/06/19/
PY  - 2019
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Boeing 737 Max Crisis Is a Leadership Failure
AU  - Hall, Jim
AU  - Goelz, Peter
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Safety begins at the top, and the top officials at Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration have let us down.
DA  - 2019/07/19/T13:16:20.809Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/17/opinion/boeing-737-max.html
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:07:20
KW  - Airlines and Airplanes
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - Regulation and Deregulation of Industry
KW  - National Transportation Safety Board
KW  - Boeing 737 Max Groundings and Safety Concerns (2019)
KW  - Boeing Company
KW  - Muilenburg, Dennis A
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Is an adversarial justice system compatible with good science?
AU  - https://www.facebook.com/radley.balko
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Dueling expert witnesses have resulted in too many wrongful convictions. Is there a better way?
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/AaI_xqL52QE
DA  - 2019/08/07/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/07/is-an-adversarial-justice-system-compatible-with-good-science/
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:10:15
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Diagnostic error cases available on WebM&M
AU  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - The Betsy Lehman Center is a state agency that uses communications and research working toward safer health care in Massachusetts.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/RwcfdSWAbTs
DA  - 2019/08/08/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - http://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/diagnostic-error-cases-available-on-webmm
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:15:10
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Another Round of the Blame Game: A Paralyzing Criminal Indictment that Recklessly “Overrides” Just Culture
AU  - Institute For Safe Medication Practices
T2  - Institute For Safe Medication Practices
AB  - ISMP was shocked and saddened to learn that, once again,1-4 a frontline healthcare practitioner has found herself on the receiving end of a criminal indictment after making a medication error that led to the tragic death of a patient. RaDonda Vaught, a 35-year-old registered nurse, was indicted on charges of reckless homicide and abuse of an impaired adult, more than a year after inadvertently administering intravenous (IV) vecuronium instead of VERSED (midazolam) to a patient in radiology. Prior to a full body scan, IV Versed had been ordered as an anxiolytic due to the patient’s claustrophobia. Unable to find Versed on the patient’s profile in an automated dispensing cabinet (ADC), RaDonda enabled the override function, entered “VE” into a search field, and erroneously selected and removed vecuronium. She did not notice the selection error and administered vecuronium to the patient, believing it was Versed. The patient experienced an unwitnessed respiratory arrest and died.5

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/b99tG_hau5g
DA  - 2019/02/14/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
ST  - Another Round of the Blame Game
UR  - https://www.ismp.org/resources/another-round-blame-game-paralyzing-criminal-indictment-recklessly-overrides-just-culture
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:17:41
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Flaws in Cellphone Evidence Prompt Review of 10,000 Verdicts in Denmark
AU  - Sorensen, Martin Selsoe
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Data offered in court was flawed when technical errors linked some phones to the wrong towers or created a less-detailed picture of their locations, officials said.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/PLVGyEVsLdw
DA  - 2019/08/20/T16:33:53.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - World
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/20/world/europe/denmark-cellphone-data-courts.html
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:21:31
KW  - Suits and Litigation (Civil)
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Cellular Telephones
KW  - Telephones and Telecommunications
KW  - Wireless Communications
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Innocent man spent months in jail for bringing honey back to United States
AU  - https://www.facebook.com/wapolynh
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - He bought three bottles of honey during his vacation in Jamaica. Customs officials said it was liquid meth. Lab tests showed it wasn’t.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UnZXuMEoAQE
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/innocent-man-spent-months-in-jail-for-bringing-honey-back-to-united-states/2019/08/22/6c5c538c-71c3-11e9-9f06-5fc2ee80027a_story.html
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:22:58
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Metastasis of the Misdemeanor System
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
T2  - Boston Review
AB  - The misdemeanor system is four times the size of the felony system. With so many gradations of minor crimes—many involving fines in a very informal process—prejudice and inequality shapes prosecution.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/UnZXuMEoAQE
DA  - 2019/08/15/T09:52:50-04:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
M3  - Text
UR  - http://bostonreview.net/law-justice/brandon-l-garrett-metastasis-misdemeanor-system
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:24:11
KW  - misdemeanor
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Paying for Punishment
AU  - Murch, Donna
T2  - Boston Review
AB  - Debt still sends many people—especially black people—to jail.
DA  - 2016/07/21/T14:11:49-04:00
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
M3  - Text
UR  - http://bostonreview.net/editors-picks-us/donna-murch-paying-punishment
Y2  - 2019/08/27/20:39:04
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Police across the US are training crime-predicting AIs on falsified data
AU  - Hao, Karen
T2  - MIT Technology Review
AB  - A new report shows how supposedly objective systems can perpetuate corrupt policing practices.
DA  - 2019/02/13/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612957/predictive-policing-algorithms-ai-crime-dirty-data/
Y2  - 2019/08/28/17:24:38
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Dirty Data, Bad Predictions: How Civil Rights Violations Impact Police Data, Predictive Policing Systems, and Justice
AU  - Richardson, Rashida
AU  - Schultz, Jason
AU  - Crawford, Kate
AB  - Law enforcement agencies are increasingly using predictive policing systems to forecast criminal activity and allocate police resources. Yet in numerous jurisdictions, these systems are built on data produced during documented periods of flawed, racially biased, and sometimes unlawful practices and policies (“dirty policing”). These policing practices and policies shape the environment and the methodology by which data is created, which raises the risk of creating inaccurate, skewed, or systemically biased data (“dirty data”). If predictive policing systems are informed by such data, they cannot escape the legacies of the unlawful or biased policing practices that they are built on. Nor do current claims by predictive policing vendors provide sufficient assurances that their systems adequately mitigate or segregate this data.In our research, we analyze thirteen jurisdictions that have used or developed predictive policing tools while under government commission investigations or federal court monitored settlements, consent decrees, or memoranda of agreement stemming from corrupt, racially biased, or otherwise illegal policing practices. In particular, we examine the link between unlawful and biased police practices and the data available to train or implement these systems. We highlight three case studies: (1) Chicago, an example of where dirty data was ingested directly into the city’s predictive system; (2) New Orleans, an example where the extensive evidence of dirty policing practices and recent litigation suggests an extremely high risk that dirty data was or could be used in predictive policing; and (3) Maricopa County, where despite extensive evidence of dirty policing practices, a lack of public transparency about the details of various predictive policing systems restricts a proper assessment of the risks. The implications of these findings have widespread ramifications for predictive policing writ large. Deploying predictive policing systems in jurisdictions with extensive histories of unlawful police practices presents elevated risks that dirty data will lead to flawed or unlawful predictions, which in turn risk perpetuating additional harm via feedback loops throughout the criminal justice system. The use of predictive policing must be treated with high levels of caution and mechanisms for the public to know, assess, and reject such systems are imperative.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2019/02/13/
PY  - 2019
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3333423
ST  - Dirty Data, Bad Predictions
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3333423
Y2  - 2019/08/28/17:28:13
KW  - Policing
KW  - AI
KW  - Bias
KW  - Civil Rights
KW  - Data
KW  - Justice
KW  - Machine Learning
KW  - Predictive Policing
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - AI is sending people to jail—and getting it wrong
AU  - Hao, Karen
T2  - MIT Technology Review
AB  - Using historical data to train risk assessment tools could mean that machines are copying the mistakes of the past.
DA  - 2019/01/21/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612775/algorithms-criminal-justice-ai/
Y2  - 2019/08/28/17:34:33
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Conviction Integrity Units Re-Visited
AU  - Scheck, Barry
AB  - “Conviction Integrity Unit” has become a brand name that has good public relations value for an elected official.  But what does it really mean?  Is it just a fashion accessory, a flashy but empty appellation intended to convey the idea that the office is extremely serious about correcting wrongful convictions and holding its own members accountable for errors or acts of misconduct, but really is not?  Is conviction integrity nothing more than a passing fad, a nebulous slogan without real meaning that is good for propaganda purposes, but will not bring about any serious change in the way business is done in American criminal justice system?
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/12/26/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2890341
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2890341
Y2  - 2019/08/28/18:08:42
KW  - actual innocence
KW  - ABA Rules 3.8(g) and (h)
KW  - cognitive bias
KW  - Conviction Integrity
KW  - Conviction Review
KW  - Innocence Movement
KW  - Innocence Project
KW  - sentinel review
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Actual Innocence: Five Days to Execution and Other Dispatches from the Wrongly Convicted
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
AU  - Neufeld, Peter J.
AU  - Scheck, Barry
AB  - Extraordinarily powerful stories of ordinary people locked up for crimes they did not commit, and how they were freed against great odds.A nightmare from a thousand B-movies: a horrible crime is committed in your neighborhood, and the police knock at your door. A witness swears you are the perpetrator; you have no alibi, and no one believes your protestations of innocence. You're convicted, sentenced to hard time in maximum security, or even death row, where you await the executioner's needle.Tragically, this is no movie script but reality for hundreds of American citizens. Our criminal justice system is broken, and people from all walks of life have been destroyed by its failures. But science and a group of incredibly dedicated crusaders are working to repair the damage.In the last ten years, DNA testing has uncovered stone-cold proof that sixty-five completely innocent people have been sent to prison and death row. But even in cases where there is physical evidence, the criminal justice system frees prisoners only after a torturous legal process. Incredibly, according to many trial judges, "actual innocence" is not grounds for release from prison.At the Innocence Project, Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld have helped to free thirty-seven wrongly convicted people, and have taken up the cause of hundreds more. Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Jim Dwyer has been covering innocence cases for a decade. In Actual Innocence, Scheck, Neufeld, and Dwyer relate the harrowing stories of ten innocent men--convicted by sloppy police work, corrupt prosecutors, jailhouse snitches, mistaken eyewitnesses, and other all-too-common flaws of the trial system--and tell of the heroic efforts to free them.Intense, startling, and utterly compelling, Actual Innocence is a passionate and fascinating journey through the looking glass of the American criminal justice system.Tragically, this is no movie script but reality for hundreds of American citizens. Our criminal justice system is broken, and people from all walks of life have been destroyed by its failures. But science and a group of incredibly dedicated lawyers are working to repair the damage.In the last decade of this century, DNA testing has uncovered stone-cold proof that fifty-five completely innocent people were sent to prison and death row. At the Innocence Project, Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld have managed to free forty-three wrongly convicted people and have taken up the cause of two hundred more. Pulitzer Prize winning columnist Jim Dwyer covered this courthouse revolution from its very first days. In Actual Innocence, Scheck, Neufeld, and Dwyer relate the harrowing stories of ten of these individuals--convicted by sloppy police work, corrupt prosecutors, jailhouse snitches, mistaken witnesses, inept lawyers, and other all-too-common flaws in the trial system--and tell of the heroic efforts to free them. Intense, harrowing, and compelling, Actual Innocence is a passionate argument for sanity in our courtrooms and a fascinating journey through the looking glass of the American criminal justice system. -->
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 314
LA  - en
PB  - Doubleday
SN  - 978-0-385-49341-3
ST  - Actual Innocence
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=pcsWxWVs5fwC
KW  - Law / Criminal Law / General
KW  - Law / Evidence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Voices from the Field: An Inter-Professional Approach to Managing Critical Information, 31
AU  - Schiff, Gordon
T2  - CARDOZO L. REV
AB  - Note by S. Hertzberg: Part of a November 2009 Cardozo Law School symposium entitled New Perspectives on Brady and Other Disclosure Obligations: What Really Works. Speakers include Dr. Gordon Schiff, DA John Chisholm among others.
DA  - 2010/06//
PY  - 2010
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 2037
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cdozo31&id=2053&collection=journals&index=
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Foreword - New Perspectives on Brady and Other Disclosure Obligations: What Really Works?
AU  - Yaroshefsky, Ellen
T2  - Cardozo Legal Studies Research Paper 31
AB  - Nearly fifty years after the Supreme Court decided Brady v. Maryland, state and federal criminal justice systems appear less than adequate in assuring that prosecutorial disclosure obligations are met.  Recent high-publicity cases have highlighted failures to disclose fundamental exculpatory evidence to the defense, whether intentional or not.  A November 2009 symposium at the Cardozo School of Law - New Perspectives on Brady and Other Disclosure Obligations: What Really Works? - explored these issues in a unique framework for the criminal justice system. It considered lessons from the fields of medicine, business, psychology, and policing as to their methods for managing information, optimizing performance, and insuring quality. This Foreword provides an overview of the discussions, reports, and papers from the symposium.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2010/09/29/
PY  - 2010
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 1684683
ST  - Foreword - New Perspectives on Brady and Other Disclosure Obligations
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1684683
Y2  - 2019/08/28/18:48:00
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1684713
KW  - prosecutorial misconduct
KW  - criminal procedure
KW  - Brady
KW  - criminal justice
KW  - prosecutorial disclosure
KW  - prosecutorial ethics
KW  - prosecutorial review boards
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Personal accountability in healthcare: searching for the right balance
AU  - Wachter, Robert M.
T2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
DA  - 2012/08/06/
PY  - 2012
VL  - 22(2), 176-180
UR  - http://www.ajustnhs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/accountability-and-patient-safety-2012.pdf
Y2  - 2019/08/28/18:54:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prosecutors and Professional Regulation
AU  - Green, Bruce
T2  - Geo. J. Legal Ethics
DA  - 2012/01/01/
PY  - 2012
VL  - 25
SP  - 873
UR  - https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/580
L2  - https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/580/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature-Comparison Methods
AU  - President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
DA  - 2016/09//
PY  - 2016
PB  - Executive Office of the President
UR  - https://perma.cc/3ZUL-3FLK
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Another life sentence for Norwood, and some comfort for victim’s family - News - Austin American-Statesman - Austin, TX
AU  - Autullo, Ryan
T2  - Texas Statesman
AB  - Michael Morton, who served almost 25 years in prison for his wife’s murder before being exonerated and released, told reporters he takes pleasure in knowing Norwood is “off to the world of cornbread and beans and tuna casserole, which is the bottom tier of the hierarchy of TDC (Texas Department of Corrections) food.”
DA  - 2016/09/24/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.statesman.com/news/20160924/another-life-sentence-for-norwood-and-some-comfort-for-victims-family
Y2  - 2019/08/28/19:15:23
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Truth Might Set You Free: How the Michael Morton Act Could Fundamentally Change Texas Criminal Discovery, Or Not
AU  - Reamey, Gerald S.
AB  - Michael Morton spent twenty-five years in a Texas prison for the murder of his wife, a crime he always denied committing.  Following investigation aimed at proving that he was innocent, blatant prosecutorial misconduct came to light.  Potentially exculpatory evidence had been hidden by the District Attorney in the case, allowing the actual killer to remain free to kill another victim before finally confessing to his crime.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2015/09/25/
PY  - 2015
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2665837
ST  - The Truth Might Set You Free
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2665837
Y2  - 2019/08/28/19:19:33
KW  - Article 39.14
KW  - criminal discovery
KW  - Michael Morton Act
KW  - Texas criminal procedure
KW  - Texas discovery
KW  - Texas wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How New York Courts Are Keeping Prosecutors in Line
AU  - Sullivan, Emmet G.
T2  - WSJ
AB  - Evidence that supports the accused is supposed to be turned over to the defense. Ted Stevens would know.
DA  - 2017/11/17/
PY  - 2017
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-new-york-courts-are-keeping-prosecutors-in-line-1510953911
Y2  - 2019/08/28/19:26:45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hon. Emmet G. Sullivan, Enforcing Compliance with Constitutionally- Required Disclosures: A Proposed Rule
AU  - Sullivan, Honorable Emmet G.
T2  - Cardozo Law Review De-Novo
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/sites/dcd/files/EnforcingComplianceConstitutionally-RequiredDisclosuresAProposedRule.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Combatting Brady Violations With An ‘Ethical Rule’ Order for the Disclosure of Favorable Evidence
AU  - Scheck, Barry C
AU  - Gertner, Nancy
T2  - The Champion
AB  - The authors offer a proposal that, if adopted by state and federal judges, would solve many of the problems that have hindered meaningful compliance with Brady over the last 50 years.;
DA  - 2013/05//
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.nacdl.org/Article/May2013-CombattingBradyViolationsWithA
Y2  - 2019/08/28/19:34:03
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Not Guilty: The Unlawful Prosecution of U.S. Senator Ted Stevens
AU  - Cary, Rob
AB  - Written by one of the lead attorneys for U.S. Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska, Not Guilty: The Unlawful Prosecution of U.S. Senator Ted Stevens describes the litigation before, during, and after the trial charging Stevens with corruption. Stevens was found guilty by a jury, but the judgment was immediately overturned following revelations of gross violations of Brady and other misconduct by the prosecution team of the Public Integrity Section of the Department of Justice. The verdict, however, led to Stevens loss of his seat in the Senate. The book is instructive in its intricate detailing of defense strategies and prosecutorial missteps, particularly in regards to Brady discovery, and author Rob Cary notes that less-privileged defendants commonly face challenges similar to those in the Stevens trial. Cary also comments on the Schuelke Report, a special investigation of the Public Integrity Section ordered by the trial court and released in 2012. As a result of his experience during the trial, Cary prescribes a number of initiatives to level the playing field between criminal defendants and the government, particularly with respect to discovery, handling of witnesses, and ways to address prosecutorial misconduct.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2014/09/16/
PY  - 2014
DP  - Amazon
SP  - 335
LA  - English
PB  - Thomson West
SN  - 978-0-314-63986-8
ST  - Not Guilty
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Not-Guilty-Unlawful-Prosecution-Senator/dp/0314639861
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How two overworked public defenders and six judges left a New Orleans man with a life sentence
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - In the two years Landon Quinn’s trial attorneys represented him, one was handling 711 other felony cases. The other took on 543, including another time- and resource-consuming death penalty case. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommends that a public defender take no more than 150 cases per year.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/CRLzw0TNh-0
DA  - 2018/08/28/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/28/how-two-overworked-public-defenders-six-judges-left-new-orleans-man-with-life-sentence/?fbclid=IwAR0389FMIvrZXg5As9IXoWLJG6XdPldkGcy9IenerAw8NAdre-YKCzRGJdE&noredirect=on
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:04:53
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘I’m not a monster’: DNA clears young Bessemer man after 2 years in jail on rape, sodomy charges - al.com
AU  - Robinson, Carol
AB  - Treveon Weaver, 21, was charged with a dozen heinous crimes including rape in 2017. After being held on $540,000 bond for two years awaiting trial, Weaver was recently released when the DNA taken from the crime scene did not match his. He said his time in jail brought him closer to God.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NAbsvAs7_KI
DA  - 2019/08/27/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2019/08/im-not-a-monster-dna-clears-young-bessemer-man-after-2-years-in-jail-on-rape-sodomy-charges.html
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:10:15
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Barr’s Attack on Reform DAs is an Assault on Democracy
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - For decades their treatment planning has resolutely refused to consider iatrogenic (“from the treatment”) injuries. “Tough on Crime” has meant “Oblivious to Harms.”

Medical treatment—even appropriate medical treatment—often does harm. But, typically, that harm—the scar from the surgery, the loss of function from the medication—is accounted for and weighed in advance.
DA  - 2019/08/28/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/28/why-barrs-attack-on-reform-das-is-an-assault-on-democracy/
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:12:49
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Amazon.com: The Collapse of American Criminal Justice (9780674051751): William J. Stuntz: Books
UR  - https://www.amazon.com/Collapse-American-Criminal-Justice/dp/0674051750
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:15:23
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Collapse of American Criminal Justice
AU  - Stuntz, William
AB  - he rule of law has vanished in Americaâe (tm) s criminal justice system. Prosecutors now 
decide whom to punish and how severely. Almost no one accused of a crime will ever face a jury. Inconsistent policing, rampant plea bargaining, overcrowded courtrooms, and ever ...
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://www.amazon.com/Collapse-American-Criminal-Justice/dp/0674051750
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:15:36
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America | Economic Policy Institute
AU  - Rothstein, Richard
AB  - In The Color of Law (published by Liveright in May 2017), Richard Rothstein argues with exacting precision and fascinating insight how segregation in America—the incessant kind that continues to dog our major cities and has contributed to so much recent social strife—is the byproduct of explicit government policies at the local, state, and federal levels.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://www.epi.org/publication/the-color-of-law-a-forgotten-history-of-how-our-government-segregated-america/
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:19:15
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A NYC Grassroots Movement Vows to Keep Watch on Prosecutors | The Crime Report
AU  - Heffernan, Olivia
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Jqo-DmUsmMQ
DA  - 2019/08/29/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/29/a-ny-grassroots-movement-vows-to-keep-watch-on-prosecutors/
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:22:39
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can believing in SMS make us more Vulnerable?
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
AB  - By Ivan Pupulidy When the FAA embraced Safety Management System (SMS), we all joined in with an understanding of shared responsibility, we did not consider social drivers that would ultimately result in drift. I was one of the eager adopters and brought SMS to the US Forest Service aviation communit...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/4sW0KpgotEg
DA  - 2019/08/29/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/can-believing-sms-make-us-more-vulnerable-ivan-pupulidy-phd
Y2  - 2019/09/04/17:57:14
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Psychological Phenomena That Can Lead to Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Innocence Project Staff
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - 7 experts explain how human factors from confirmation bias to memory malleability play a role in criminal investigations and wrongful convictions.
...The seven videos below feature leading experts discussing how these psychological factors, such as memory malleability and implicit bias, affect criminal investigations and the work of other criminal justice actors, from prosecutors to defense attorneys. The videos also highlight some of the safeguards that can be employed to prevent wrongful convictions. The films are not intended to serve as an entire training but rather as a tool to demonstrate these phenomena in the context of a larger training session.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WxGhXgJq4vY
DA  - 2018/11/18/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/the-psychological-phenomena-of-wrongful-convictions/
Y2  - 2019/09/04/18:01:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improvident Prosecutions
AU  - Cicchini, Michael
T2  - Drexel Law Review
AB  - Litigation has been called “a machine which you go into as a pig and come out of as a sausage.” With regard to modern criminal litigation, however, this life-ruining impact is strictly one-sided: the prosecutor files criminal complaints with reckless abandon and without repercussion or personal cost, while defendants bear the life-altering consequences of the litigation and, in many cases, the resulting convictions.

But prosecuting a felony accusation isn’t supposed to be that easy and carefree for the government. The preliminary hearing — a pretrial evidentiary hearing to determine probable cause — was designed to serve as a buffer between the government and the citizenry, and “to prevent hasty, malicious, improvident and oppressive prosecutions.” Unfortunately, in today’s assembly-line approach to criminal law, prosecutors and judges have developed many ways to bypass this procedural safeguard and keep the criminal justice machinery humming along.

This Article identifies and explains several prosecutorial and judicial abuses of the preliminary hearing, including denying defendants their constitutional right to counsel, using multiple levels of uncorroborated hearsay to win bind-over, preventing the defense from effectively cross-examining the state’s witnesses and calling its own witnesses, and even using the preliminary hearing as prosecutorial weapon to tack-on additional felony counts without probable cause.

After identifying and explaining these and other abuses of the preliminary hearing, this Article discusses simple legislative reforms that would prevent such abuse. The Article then analyses and revises a typical preliminary hearing statute to illustrate the ease with which these reforms could be implemented.
DA  - 2019/08/17/
PY  - 2019
VL  - 12
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3438661&dgcid=ejournal_htmlemail_administration:of:justice:ejournal_abstractlink
Y2  - 2019/09/05/16:22:16
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Causes of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Mid Atlantic Innocence Project
T2  - Mid-Atlantic Innocence Project
AB  - There are many causes of wrongful convictions, and more than one can be present in a given case. Below is information on six of the most common causes
LA  - en
UR  - https://exonerate.org/causes-wrongful-convictions/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/18:57:49
L2  - https://exonerate.org/causes-wrongful-convictions/#Government%20Misconduct
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Criminal Law and Law Enforcement Implications of Big Data
AU  - Brayne, Sarah
T2  - Annual Review of Law and Social Science
AB  - Law enforcement agencies increasingly use big data analytics in their daily operations. This review outlines how police departments leverage big data and new surveillant technologies in patrol and investigations. It distinguishes between directed surveillance—which involves the surveillance of individuals and places under suspicion—and dragnet surveillance—which involves suspicionless, unparticularized data collection. Law enforcement's adoption of big data analytics far outpaces legal responses to the new surveillant landscape. Therefore, this review highlights open legal questions about data collection, suspicion requirements, and police discretion. It concludes by offering suggestions for future directions for researchers and practitioners.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030839
DP  - Annual Reviews
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 293
EP  - 308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030839
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:01:13
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Fingerprints and Miscarriages of Justice: 'Other' Types of Error and a Post-Conviction Right to Database Searching
AU  - Cole, Simon A.
AU  - Scheck, Barry
AB  - Much of what has been written about the role of friction ridge (“fingerprint”) evidence and miscarriages of justice has focused, understandably, on erroneous identifications, cases in which a crime scene print is erroneously attributed to a suspect (or, more rarely, a victim). This Article undertakes a systematic and comprehensive examination of “other” types of error in friction ridge analysis and how they can, and have, contributed to miscarriages of justice. These errors include “missed identifications” and well as “missed exclusions.” The Article begins by systematically laying out a new typology of fingerprint errors, resulting in more than 15 different error types. It then discusses each of the major error types, listing publicly exposed errors of that type if there are any, for a total of more than 40 cases. We illustrate how each error type can deprive a defendant of evidence probative of innocence. The Article then goes on to discuss the scientific literature on friction ridge analysis and the ways in which that literature suggests that these “other” errors may be common, and perhaps even expected, given standard procedures in friction ridge analysis. The final section of the Article discusses the issue of post-conviction database searching of fingerprint (and other forensic) databases, akin to post-conviction searching of DNA databases. We find that convicts’ have a right to post-conviction database searching for forensic evidence other than DNA in only a few states. And yet, post-conviction database searches have exonerated convicts in those states. We argue that there is no persuasive reason that the right to post-conviction DNA testing should not be extended to post-conviction fingerprint (and other forensic) databases searching.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2018/07/05/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3208975
ST  - Fingerprints and Miscarriages of Justice
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3208975
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:03:25
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3208975
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - AFIS
KW  - database
KW  - error
KW  - fingerprint
KW  - miscarriage of justice
KW  - post-conviction
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Letting Innocence Suffer: The Need for Defense Access to the Law Enforcement DNA Database
AU  - Kreag, Jason
AB  - Law enforcement has gradually amassed a sizable DNA database that holds considerable promise for solving cold cases and identifying suspects.  The Supreme Court has blessed this effort, allowing investigators to include profiles of arrestees as well as convicted persons in the database.  At present, though, law enforcement has a near monopoly on use of the DNA database, leaving defendants at the whim of the law enforcement officials who control access to this tool.  Legal scholars have alternatively praised and decried the database, but none has examined its prospects for proving defendants’ innocence post-conviction.  This Article fills that void by identifying a limited due process right to defense-initiated DNA database searches.  The Article argues that the database is a powerful truth-promoting tool that should be available to law enforcement and defendants alike.  Because legislators have failed to promote the search for actual offenders through statutory rights of access, this Article presents the constitutional authority for defense-initiated searches to vindicate the rights of innocent defendants.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2014/02/19/
PY  - 2014
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2399969
ST  - Letting Innocence Suffer
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2399969
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:04:24
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2399969
KW  - Forensic Science
KW  - Innocence
KW  - Criminal Procedure
KW  - DNA
KW  - Wrongful Convictions
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Brady's Blind Spot: Impeachment Evidence in Police Personnel Files and the Battle Splitting the Prosecution Team
AU  - Abel, Jonathan
AB  - The Supreme Court’s Brady doctrine requires prosecutors to disclose favorable, material evidence to the defense, but in some jurisdictions, even well-meaning prosecutors cannot carry out this obligation when it comes to one critical area of evidence: police personnel files. These files contain valuable evidence of police misconduct that can be used to attack an officer’s credibility on the witness stand and can make the difference between acquittal and conviction. But around the country, state statutes and local policies prevent prosecutors from accessing these files, much less disclosing the material they contain. And even where prosecutors can access the misconduct in these files, their ability to disclose this information, as required by the Constitution, is constrained by the efforts of police officers and unions who have used litigation, legislation, and in-formal political pressure to prevent Brady’s application to these files. Suppression of this misconduct evidence can cost defendants their lives, but disclosure can also be costly. It can cost officers their livelihoods.   Using interviews with prosecutors, police officials, and defense attorneys around the country, as well as unpublished and published sources, this Article provides the first account of the wide disparities in Brady’s application to police personnel files. It argues that critical impeachment evidence is routinely and systematically suppressed as a result of state laws and local policies that limit access to the personnel files and as a result of the conflict within the prosecution team over Brady’s application to these files. Further, the Article challenges Brady’s assumption that prosecutors and police officers form a cohesive “prosecution team,” and that, in the words of the Supreme Court, “the prosecutor has the means to discharge the government’s Brady responsibility if he will” by putting in place “procedures and regulations” to bring forth information known only to the police. Finally, the Article contends that privacy protections for police misconduct are incompatible with core aspects of the Brady doctrine and that systems that attempt to balance Brady against police privacy wind up sacrificing the former to the latter. As both a doctrinal and a normative matter, police misconduct should receive no protections from Brady’s search and disclosure obligation.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2015/04/01/
PY  - 2015
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2487340
ST  - Brady's Blind Spot
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2487340
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:08:08
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2487340
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - Brady
KW  - Giglio
KW  - impeachment
KW  - internal affairs
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Is Police Misconduct a Secret in Your State? | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News
AU  - Lewis, Robert
AU  - Veltman, Noah
AU  - Landen, Xandar
T2  - WNYC
AB  - A WNYC investigation found that access to records of police misconduct varies widely across the country.  See how your state compares.
DA  - 2015/10/15/
PY  - 2015
LA  - en
ST  - Is Police Misconduct a Secret in Your State?
UR  - https://www.wnyc.org/story/police-misconduct-records/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:09:44
L2  - https://www.wnyc.org/story/police-misconduct-records/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Police Unions
AU  - Fisk, Catherine
AU  - Richardson, L. Song
AB  - Perhaps no issue has been more controversial in the discussion of police union responses to allegations of excessive force than statutory and contractual protections for officers accused of misconduct, as critics have assailed such protections and police unions defend them. For all the public controversy over police unions, there is has been relatively little legal scholarship on them. Neither the legal nor the social science literature on policing and police reform has explored the opportunities and constraints that labor law offers in thinking about organizational change. The scholarly deficit has substantial public policy consequences, as groups ranging from Black Lives Matter to the U.S. Department of Justice are proposing legal changes that will require the cooperation of police labor organizations to implement. This article fills that gap. Part I explores the structure and functioning of police departments and the evolution of police unions as a response to a hierarchical and autocratic command structure. Part II examines the ways in which and the reasons why police unions have been obstacles to reform, focusing particularly on union defense of protections for officers accused of misconduct. Part III describes and analyzes 50 years’ worth of instances in which cities have implemented reforms to reduce police violence and improve police-community relations. All of them involved the cooperation of the rank and file, and many involved active cooperation with the union. Part IV proposes mild changes in the law governing police labor relations to facilitate rank and file support of the kinds of transparency, accountability, and constitutional policing practices that police reformers have been advocating for at least a generation. We propose a limited form of minority union bargaining – a reform that has been advocated in other contexts by both the political left and the political right at various points in recent history – to create an institutional structure enabling diverse representatives of police rank and file to meet and confer with police management over policing practices.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2016/09/21/
PY  - 2016
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2841837
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2841837
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:18:26
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2841837
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Catherine Fisk
KW  - L. Song Richardson
KW  - Police Unions
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Police Privacy
AU  - Moran, Rachel
AB  - Police officers around the country are accused of misconduct every day. Their misconduct is alleged and documented in the form of civilian complaints, internal affairs reports, performance reviews, disciplinary board findings, and other records. These misconduct records contain information that is arguably both relevant to the public’s interest in holding police officers accountable, and personal to the officer. But jurisdictions provide vastly different answers to the question of who should have access to these records. Some states prevent the public from accessing any police misconduct records. Many grant public access to a limited category of misconduct records, and deny access to most others. A small minority of jurisdictions make all such records publicly available to anyone who requests them. These varied approaches to disclosure of misconduct records stem from widely divergent understandings (or misunderstandings) of privacy rights.  When states deny public access to police misconduct records, they do so on the theory that police officers have a privacy interest in the content of the records.  While the notion of police officers’ right to privacy is frequently invoked, it is rarely examined. Many scholars have identified controversies surrounding a variety of other legal protections for police officers that insulate the officers from public accountability.  But there is a notable dearth of legal scholarship analyzing what police officers’ right to privacy means and when it applies. This article provides a unique contribution to the scholarly literature by examining the commonly proffered privacy justification for refusing to disclose police misconduct records through the lens of privacy law and theory. The article scrutinizes what advocates on both sides of the spectrum, arguing for privacy or transparency in police misconduct records, do not: whether and to what extent privacy law supports the non-disclosure of police misconduct records. The article begins by placing this issue in its real-world context: an increasingly heated dispute over a once rarely critiqued assumption, that police misconduct records are a private matter and should not be subject to public scrutiny. It then transitions into a historical discussion of privacy law from both judicial and scholarly perspectives, with a focus on developing understandings of the right to informational privacy. The article applies the discussion of privacy law to current controversies over police misconduct records, addressing whether police officers have a legally cognizable right to privacy in their misconduct records and how lawmakers should balance police privacy rights against the interests of other parties seeking access to misconduct records. Finally, the article closes by acknowledging the concerns that privacy proponents have voiced regarding the practical effects of disclosure on both police officers and policing reform.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2019/03/11/
PY  - 2019
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3350701
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3350701
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:23:22
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3350701
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - police
KW  - police privacy
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - EXCLUSIVE DOCUMENTS: The disturbing secret history of the NYPD officer who killed Eric Garner –
AU  - Townes, Carimah
AU  - Jenkins, Jack
T2  - Think Progress
AB  - Now, documents obtained exclusively by ThinkProgress indicate that Pantaleo, who is still employed by the NYPD, had a history of breaking the rules. These records are the subject of an ongoing lawsuit, and the city refuses to release them.
Before he put Garner in the chokehold, the records show, he had seven disciplinary complaints and 14 individual allegations lodged against him. Four of those allegations were substantiated by an independent review board.
DA  - 2017/03/21/
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://thinkprogress.org/daniel-pantaleo-records-75833e6168f3/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:24:06
L2  - https://thinkprogress.org/daniel-pantaleo-records-75833e6168f3/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A New Balance: Weighing Harms of Hiding Police Misconduct Information from the Public
AU  - Conti-Cook, Cynthia H.
T2  - CUNY Law Review
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 22
SP  - 148
J2  - CUNY L. Rev.
ST  - A New Balance
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nyclr22&id=148&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/nyclr22&div=8&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Justice Department wants sweeping changes in Cleveland Police Department; report finds "systemic deficiencies" -
AU  - McCarthy, James
T2  - Cleavland Plain Dealer
DA  - 2014/12/04/
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://www.cleveland.com/court-justice/2014/12/justice_department_recommends.html
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:31:31
L2  - https://www.cleveland.com/court-justice/2014/12/justice_department_recommends.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Looking for Details on Rogue N.Y. Police Officers? This Database Might Help
AU  - Winston, Ali
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The Legal Aid Society has created a searchable database of lawsuits filed against the police since 2015 to help identify problematic officers and units.
DA  - 2019/03/06/
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - Looking for Details on Rogue N.Y. Police Officers?
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/06/nyregion/nypd-capstat-legal-aid-society.html
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:34:15
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Suits and Litigation (Civil)
KW  - New York City
KW  - Conti-Cook, Cynthia
KW  - Crime and Criminals
KW  - Legal Aid Society
KW  - Patrolmen's Benevolent Assn
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Manhattan District Attorney Demands Access to Police Records - The New York Times
AU  - Mckinley, James C.
T2  - NewYork Times
AB  - The Manhattan district attorney’s office is locked in a battle with the New York Police Department over electronic access to disciplinary records of officers and investigative reports that prosecutors contend they need to catch bad arrests earlier in criminal proceedings.
DA  - 7
PY  - 7
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/08/nyregion/manhattan-district-attorney-police-records.html
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:48:52
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/08/nyregion/manhattan-district-attorney-police-records.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - NYPD Agrees to Reforms on Disciplinary Practices, Including Pushing for Transparency | WNYC News | WNYC
AU  - Khan, Yasmeen
T2  - WYNC News
AB  - An independent panel, appointed by the New York City police commissioner to review the NYPD's disciplinary practices, echoed the long-held complaint of watchdog groups and many city residents: the police department releases too little information about how it disciplines officers for misconduct, such as excessive force, abuse of authority or making false statements.
UR  - https://www.wnyc.org/story/panel-concludes-nypd-must-be-far-more-transparent-how-it-disciplines-officers/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:50:20
L2  - https://www.wnyc.org/story/panel-concludes-nypd-must-be-far-more-transparent-how-it-disciplines-officers/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Report of the Independent Panel on the Disciplinary System of the New York City Police Department
AU  - White, Honorable Mary Jo
AU  - Honorable Robert L. Capers
AB  - On June 21, 2018, Police Commissioner James P. O’Neill appointed an Independent Panel to conduct a review of the internal disciplinary system of the New York City Police Department (“NYPD” or the “Department”) and to propose recommendations to improve it. The Panel consists of the Honorable Mary Jo White, its chair; the Honorable Robert L. Capers; and the Honorable Barbara S. Jones.[1] The Panel was given 120 days to complete its work; at the Panel’s request, the completion deadline was extended to the week of January 21, 2019.

To carry out its mandate, the Panel surveyed Department policies and procedures governing how internal discipline cases are initiated, prosecuted, and resolved. It also examined the work of the entities that are centrally involved in the disciplinary process, including the Department Advocate’s Office (“DAO”), which is situated within the NYPD, and the Civilian Complaint Review Board (“CCRB”), an independent, external agency, as well as the decision making of the Police Commissioner in disciplinary cases. This Report summarizes the Panel’s work, findings, and recommendations.

The Panel has conducted its review independently. It did not establish an attorney-client relationship with the Department. Neither the Commissioner nor anyone else at the Department directed the Panel’s investigation or determined its focus. The Panel provided this Report to the Commissioner on January 25, 2019, with notice that it would be released to the public on or about February 1, 2019. Neither the Commissioner nor anyone else at the Department was afforded an opportunity to edit or revise the Report prior to its release. No third party received an advance copy of the Report or was shown or read any portion of it. The Panel was not compensated.
DA  - 2019/01/25/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.independentpanelreportnypd.net/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/19:59:13
L2  - https://www.independentpanelreportnypd.net/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Let NYC see police records, now: We must reform state law keeping disciplinary actions secret
AU  - O'Neill, James
T2  - nydailynews.com
AB  - In 2018, crime in New York City hit another record low. In 1990, there were more than 2,200 murders; last year, fewer than 300.
DA  - 2019/02/07/
PY  - 2019
LA  - English (United States), en-US
ST  - Let NYC see police records, now
UR  - https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-let-nyc-see-police-records-now-20190207-story.html
Y2  - 2019/08/29/
L2  - https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-let-nyc-see-police-records-now-20190207-story.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - New York City's DAs Keep Secret Lists Of Cops With Questionable Credibility - Gothamist
AU  - Joseph, George
AB  - Prosecutors in all five boroughs of New York City are quietly building internal databases to track police officers who may have credibility problems as witnesses at trial.

They are already in use in Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and the Bronx, and the Staten Island DA’s office is also developing one, according to an investigation by WNYC. The databases can include civil lawsuits, past criminal records, substantiated misconduct allegations and determinations by judges that an officer’s testimony was not credible.
DA  - 2019/04/22/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://gothamist.com/news/new-york-citys-das-keep-secret-lists-of-cops-with-questionable-credibility
Y2  - 2019/08/29/
L2  - https://gothamist.com/news/new-york-citys-das-keep-secret-lists-of-cops-with-questionable-credibility
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Invisible Institute Relaunches the Citizens Police Data Project
AU  - Kalven, Jamie
DA  - 2018/08/16/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://theintercept.com/2018/08/16/invisible-institute-chicago-police-data/
Y2  - 2019/08/29/
L2  - https://theintercept.com/2018/08/16/invisible-institute-chicago-police-data/
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘A Stain on the City’: 63 People’s Convictions Tossed in Chicago Police Scandal
AU  - Hauser, Christine
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The arrests of two law enforcement officers in 2012 brought attention to the tactics used in a public housing complex.
DA  - 2019/02/13/
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - ‘A Stain on the City’
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/us/chicago-exonerations-drug-sentences.html
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:55:13
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (Chicago, Ill)
KW  - Ethics and Official Misconduct
KW  - Drug Abuse and Traffic
KW  - Cook County (Ill)
KW  - University of Chicago Law School
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Search the list of more than 30,000 police officers banned by 44 states.
AU  - John Kelly and Mark Nichols
T2  - MSN
AB  - A USA TODAY Network investigation uncovered records of thousands of police officers investigated for serious misconduct.
DA  - 2019/04/25/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/search-the-list-of-more-than-30000-police-officers-banned-by-44-states/ar-BBWgvt7
Y2  - 2019/08/30/18:57:38
L2  - https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/search-the-list-of-more-than-30000-police-officers-banned-by-44-states/ar-BBWgvt7
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - One way to deal with cops who lie? Blacklist them, some DAs say
AU  - George, Justin
AU  - Hager Eli
T2  - ABA Journal
AB  - In the racially divided city of St. Louis, the chief prosecutor has embraced a controversial tool to hold police accountable: blacklisting cops who she says are too untrustworthy to testify in court.
DA  - 2019/01/25/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
ST  - One way to deal with cops who lie?
UR  - http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/one-way-to-deal-with-cops-who-lie-blacklist-them-some-das-say
Y2  - 2019/08/30/19:01:10
L2  - http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/one-way-to-deal-with-cops-who-lie-blacklist-them-some-das-say
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - California Legislature passes major police transparency measures on internal investigations and body cameras - Los Angeles Times
AU  - Dillon, Liam
T2  - Los Angeles Times
DA  - 2018/09/01/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-police-transparency-bill-passes-20180831-story.html
Y2  - 2019/08/30/19:07:28
L2  - https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-police-transparency-bill-passes-20180831-story.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When California cops act against the law - SFChronicle.com
AU  - Diaz, John
T2  - San Francisco Chronicle
AB  - For years, police unions fought mightily to defeat legislation that would give Californians a right to inspect records of serious misconduct — defined as an officer discharging a firearm or causing great bodily injury or a substantiated charge of sexual misconduct or perjury. Finally, and thankfully, they lost that battle last year. But the forces against sunshine are not giving up. SB1421, authored by state Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley, and signed into law by Gov. Jerry Brown, mandates that records of serious officer misconduct should be open to the public. That should have settled the issue. If an officer engages in serious misconduct against the people’s interest, it is not a confidential personnel matter.
DA  - 2019/02/09/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/diaz/article/When-California-cops-act-against-the-law-13602923.php
Y2  - 2019/08/30/19:10:10
L2  - https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/diaz/article/When-California-cops-act-against-the-law-13602923.php
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Interactive map: Who is releasing police personnel files under new law, and who is not
AU  - Fernandez, Lisa
T2  - KTVU
AB  - For the first time in California history, certain records involving police misconduct are now publicly available because of a new state law, and 2 Investigates is shining a light on the findings throughout the Bay Area. 
ST  - Interactive map
UR  - http://www.ktvu.com/news/ktvu-local-news/interactive-map-who-is-releasing-police-personnel-files-under-new-law-and-who-is-not
Y2  - 2019/08/30/
L2  - http://www.ktvu.com/news/ktvu-local-news/interactive-map-who-is-releasing-police-personnel-files-under-new-law-and-who-is-not
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An Impediment to Police Accountability - An Analysis of Statutory Law Enforcement Officers' Bills of Rights
AU  - Keenan, Kevin M.
AU  - Walker, Samuel
T2  - Boston University Public Interest Law Journal
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 14
SP  - 185
J2  - B.U. Pub. Int. L.J.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/bupi14&id=191&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/bupi14&div=15&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Let the Sunshine in: Illuminating the Powerful Role Police Unions Play in Shielding Officer Misconduct
AU  - Bies, Katherine J.
T2  - Stanford Law & Policy Review
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 28
SP  - 109
J2  - Stan. L. & Pol'y Rev.
ST  - Let the Sunshine in
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/stanlp28&id=117&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/stanlp28&div=7&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Discipline and Policing
AU  - Levine, Kate
T2  - Duke Law Journal
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 68
SP  - 839
J2  - Duke L.J.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/duklr68&id=859&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/duklr68&div=28&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Crime, Legitimacy, and Testilying
AU  - Capers, I. Bennett
T2  - Indiana Law Journal
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 83
SP  - 835
J2  - Ind. L.J.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/indana83&id=843&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/indana83&div=32&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Police ‘Testilying’ Remains a Problem. Here Is How the Criminal Justice System Could Reduce It.
AU  - Goldstein, Joseph
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - After investigating police lying, our reporter examines ways to curb the practice.
DA  - 2018/03/22/
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/nyregion/police-lying-new-york.html
Y2  - 2019/08/30/
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Search and Seizure
KW  - New York City
KW  - Police
KW  - Courts and the Judiciary
KW  - Fourth Amendment (US Constitution)
KW  - Perjury
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Exclusionary Rule in the Age of Blue Data
AU  - Ferguson, Andrew Guthrie
T2  - Vanderbilt Law Review
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 72
SP  - 561
J2  - Vand. L. Rev.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/vanlr72&id=577&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/vanlr72&div=15&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - New York City Police Misconduct Data
T2  - CAPstat.nyc
AB  - CAPstat is a demonstration project representing data drawn from lawsuits alleging civil rights violations by New York City Police Department officers
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://capstat.nyc/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/02:22:29
L2  - https://www.capstat.nyc/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Code of Silence — An Investigative Series by The Intercept
AU  - Kalven, Jamie
T2  - The Intercept
AB  - Two Chicago police officers uncovered a massive criminal enterprise within the department. Then they were hung out to dry.
DA  - 2016/10/06/
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
UR  - https://theintercept.com/series/code-of-silence/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/02:29:52
L2  - https://theintercept.com/series/code-of-silence/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Cops are battling journalists over California's new police transparency law
AU  - Ma, Annie
T2  - Mother Jones
AB  - An effort to make more police records public "looks like a hot mess."
DA  - 2019/02/05/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2019/02/california-police-recrords-transparency-lw/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/02:33:39
L2  - https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2019/02/california-police-recrords-transparency-lw/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ending the Internal Affairs Farce
AU  - Moran, Rachel
T2  - Buffalo Law Review
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 64
SP  - 837
J2  - Buff. L. Rev.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/buflr64&id=869&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/buflr64&div=32&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Combatting Police Discrimination in the Age of Big Data
AU  - Goel, Sharad
AU  - Perelman, Maya
AU  - Shroff, Ravi
AU  - Sklansky, David Alan
T2  - New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal
AB  - Skip to Next Section
The exponential growth of available information about routine police activities offers new opportunities to improve the fairness and effectiveness of police practices. We illustrate the point by showing how a particular kind of calculation made possible by modern, large-scale datasets—determining the likelihood that stopping and frisking a particular pedestrian will result in the discovery of contraband or other evidence of criminal activity—could be used to reduce the racially disparate impact of pedestrian searches and to increase their effectiveness. For tools of this kind to achieve their full potential in improving policing, though, the legal system will need to adapt. One important change would be to understand police tactics such as investigatory stops of pedestrians or motorists as programs, not as isolated occurrences. Beyond that, the judiciary will need to grow more comfortable with statistical proof of discriminatory policing, and the police will need to be more receptive to the assistance that algorithms can provide in reducing bias.
DA  - 2017/05/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1525/nclr.2017.20.2.181
DP  - nclr.ucpress.edu
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 232
J2  - New Crim Law Rev
LA  - en
SN  - 1933-4192, 1933-4206
UR  - https://nclr.ucpress.edu/content/20/2/181
Y2  - 2019/09/05/02:43:16
L1  - https://nclr.ucpress.edu/content/ucpnclr/20/2/181.full.pdf
L2  - https://nclr.ucpress.edu/content/20/2/181.abstract?casa_token=PxBLF8i44usAAAAA:uVS5b0mM8IxxJTcvVkdgTzYfMZ5kOc-wQCbysNr4L9WTzMG6cyQW7bvp6r3k0gQ2XZmgxsxuBg
KW  - big data
KW  - police
KW  - discrimination
KW  - statistical proof
KW  - stop-and-frisk
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Effects of Holistic Defense on Criminal Justice Outcomes
AU  - Anderson, James M.
AU  - Buenaventura, Maya
AU  - Heaton, Paul
T2  - Harvard Law Review
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 132
SP  - 819
J2  - Harv. L. Rev.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/hlr132&id=837&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hlr132&div=30&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The High Stakes of Low-Level Criminal Justice
AU  - Natapoff, Alexandra
AB  - The low-level misdemeanor process is a powerful socio-legal institution that both regulates and generates inequality. At the same time, misdemeanor legal processing often ignores many foundational criminal justice values such as due process, evidence, and even individual guilt.These features are linked: the erosion of the rule of law is one of the concrete mechanisms enabling the misdemeanor system to take aim at the disadvantaged, rather than at the merely guilty. In the book Misdemeanorland, Issa Kohler-Hausmann describes the inegalitarian workings of the misdemeanor legal process in New York City and how it operates as a system of managerial social control over the disadvantaged even when it stops short of convicting and incarcerating them. This Review summarizes the book’s key contributions to the burgeoning scholarly discourse on misdemeanors and then extends its insights about New York to illuminate the broader dynamics and democratic significance of the U.S. misdemeanor process.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2019/04/25/
PY  - 2019
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3378306
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3378306
Y2  - 2019/09/05/02:46:58
L2  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3378306
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Alexandra Natapoff
KW  - The High Stakes of Low-Level Criminal Justice
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - NDI: Tracking Interstate Movement of Decertified Police Officers
AU  - Goldman, Roger
T2  - Police Chief Magazine
AB  - In the case of law enforcement officers, it’s essential to public safety and to the community’s trust in law enforcement that there are proper mechanisms in place to remove such officers from the profession so they are no longer in a position of authority over the community.
DA  - 2018/09/12/
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
ST  - NDI
UR  - https://www.policechiefmagazine.org/ndi-tracking-decertified-police-officers/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/16:29:29
L2  - https://www.policechiefmagazine.org/ndi-tracking-decertified-police-officers/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Importance of State Law in Police Reform
AU  - Goldman, Roger
T2  - Saint Louis University Law Journal
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 60
SP  - 363
J2  - St. Louis U. L.J.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/stlulj60&id=405&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/stlulj60&div=20&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Model Decertification Law
AU  - Goldman, Roger L.
T2  - Saint Louis University Public Law Review
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 32
SP  - 147
J2  - St. Louis U. Pub. L. Rev.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/stlpl32&id=161&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/stlpl32&div=12&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rogue cops should not be recycled from one police department to the next | Roger L Goldman
AU  - Goldman, Roger L.
T2  - The Guardian
AB  - State police licenses can play an important role in protecting the public from dangerous officers, especially if they can be revoked
DA  - 2015/05/20/
PY  - 2015
DP  - www.theguardian.com
LA  - en-GB
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0261-3077
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/20/rogue-cops-should-not-be-recycled-from-one-police-department-to-the-next
Y2  - 2019/09/05/16:37:01
L2  - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/20/rogue-cops-should-not-be-recycled-from-one-police-department-to-the-next
KW  - US policing
KW  - US news
KW  - Ferguson
KW  - Michael Brown shooting
KW  - Tamir Rice
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - POST Agency Certification Practices
AU  - Hickman, Matt
AB  - Scheck Geo L. J. Ann. Rev. Crim. Proc. (2019): " unpublished working paper) (on file with the author"

https://www.seattleu.edu/media/college-of-arts-and-sciences/aboutthecollege/faculty-staff-cv/Matthew-Hickman-CV-2018.pdf
DA  - 2015/04/15/
PY  - 2015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Criminal Law 2.0
AU  - Kozinski, Alex
T2  - Annual Review of Criminal Procedure
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 44
SP  - iii
J2  - Ann. Rev. Crim. Proc.
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/anrvcpr44&id=9&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/anrvcpr44&div=4&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preface: THE INTEGRITY OF OUR CONVICTIONS:HOLDING STAKEHOLDERS ACCOUNTABLE IN AN ERA OF CRIMINAL J USTICE REFORM
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - GEO.L.J. ANN.REV.CRIM.PROC
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clyde Rastetter, Note, The New York Prosecutorial Conduct Commission and the Dawn of a New Era of Reform for Prosecutors,
AU  - Rastetter, Clyde
T2  - CARDOZO L. REV.
DA  - 0000///Forthcoming Forthcoming
PY  - 0000
VL  - 41
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecutors Sometimes Behave Badly. Now They May Be Held to Account.
AU  - Ransom, Jan
AU  - Southall, Ashley
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Gov. Andrew Cuomo of New York approved landmark legislation creating a commission to investigate misconduct by prosecutors. District attorneys vowed to fight it in court.
DA  - 2019/04/05/
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/05/nyregion/ny-prosecutors-cuomo.html
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:01:22
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Vance, Cyrus R Jr
KW  - New York State
KW  - Hynes, Charles J
KW  - Ethics and Official Misconduct
KW  - Law and Legislation
KW  - Prosecutorial Misconduct
KW  - Legal Aid for the Poor (Civil)
KW  - New York City
KW  - District Attorneys
KW  - Legal Aid Society
KW  - Alonso, Daniel R
KW  - Cuomo, Andrew M
KW  - Immunity from Prosecution
KW  - National Registry of Exonerations
KW  - Politics and Government
KW  - Rain, Mary E
KW  - State Legislatures
KW  - University of Michigan
KW  - Vecchione, Michael F
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Opinion | Prosecutors Need a Watchdog -
AU  - Editorial Board
T2  - New York Times
DA  - 2018/08/14/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/opinion/new-york-prosecutors-cuomo-district-attorneys-watchdog.html
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:02:21
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/14/opinion/new-york-prosecutors-cuomo-district-attorneys-watchdog.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions: It is Time to Take Prosecution Discipline Seriously
AU  - Yaroshefsky, Ellen
T2  - University of the District of Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law Law Review
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 8
SP  - 275
J2  - UDC/DCSL L. Rev.
ST  - Wrongful Convictions
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/udclr8&id=281&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/udclr8&div=18&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Overturning Wrongful Convictions Involving Misapplied Forensics
AU  - Innocence Project
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - The Problem: 
The misapplication of forensic science contributed to 45% of wrongful convictions in the United States proven through DNA evidence. False or misleading forensic evidence was a contributing factor in 24% of
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/overturning-wrongful-convictions-involving-flawed-forensics/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:11:13
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/overturning-wrongful-convictions-involving-flawed-forensics/
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - FORGET CSI: A Disaster Is Happening In America's Crime Labs
AU  - Smith, Jordan
T2  - Business Insider
AB  - The real crime is what's going on in America's forensics labs.
DA  - 2014/04/30/
PY  - 2014
ST  - FORGET CSI
UR  - https://www.businessinsider.com/forensic-csi-crime-labs-disaster-2014-4
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:16:44
L2  - https://www.businessinsider.com/forensic-csi-crime-labs-disaster-2014-4
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Three Freed, and FBI Continues to Review Ballistic Cases
AU  - Innocence Project
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - It has been five years since the FBI stopped using an unreliable forensic test to determine the source of bullets, and a review of more than 2,500 cases involving the faulty evidence is still
DA  - 2010/01/19/
PY  - 2010
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/three-freed-and-fbi-continues-to-review-ballistic-cases/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:20:59
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/three-freed-and-fbi-continues-to-review-ballistic-cases/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Innocence Project and NACDL Announce Historic Partnership with the FBI and Department of Justice on Microscopic Hair Analysis Cases
AU  - Innocence Project
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - Government Agrees to Notify Defendants of Error,

Waive Procedural Arguments and Offer Free DNA Testing



Contacts:        Paul Cates, pcates@innocenceproject.org,
DA  - 2013/07/18/
PY  - 2013
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/innocence-project-and-nacdl-announce-historic-partnership-with-the-fbi-and-department-of-justice-on-microscopic-hair-analysis-cases/
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:21:47
L2  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/innocence-project-and-nacdl-announce-historic-partnership-with-the-fbi-and-department-of-justice-on-microscopic-hair-analysis-cases/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - NACDL - FBI Microscopic Hair Comparison Review
AU  - National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
T2  - NACDL - National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
AB  - State-level  microscopic hair comparison reviews are critical to assuring that the forensic  evidence used to secure convictions is reliable. NACDL is available to provide  assistance and support to attorneys who want to institute state microscopic  hair comparison reviews. NACDL can provide information that can be critical in  garnering support for state action.;
DA  - 2019/09/05/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.nacdl.org/Article/March2016-FBIMicroscopicHairComparisonRe
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:25:14
L2  - https://www.nacdl.org/Article/March2016-FBIMicroscopicHairComparisonRe
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Professional and Conviction Integrity Programs: Why We Need Them, Why They Will Work, and Models for Creating Them
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - Cardozo Law Review
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 31
SP  - 2215
J2  - Cardozo L. Rev.
ST  - Professional and Conviction Integrity Programs
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cdozo31&id=2231&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cdozo31&div=70&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - REPORT TO THE HONORABLE GURBIR S. GREWAL, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW JERSEY: PROPOSAL FOR A STATEWIDE CONVICTION REVIEW UNIT
AU  - Long, Virginia and Paul Fishman
DA  - 2019/02//
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases19/Long-Fishman_Working_Group_Report.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The DAs Who Want to Set the Guilty Free
AU  - Hagar, Eli
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - ‘Sentence review units’ would revisit harsh punishments from the past.
DA  - 2018/03/20/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/03/20/the-das-who-want-to-set-the-guilty-free
Y2  - 2019/09/05/17:48:12
L2  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/03/20/the-das-who-want-to-set-the-guilty-free
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Charged: The New Movement to Transform American Prosecution and End Mass Incarceration
AU  - Bazelon, Emily
AB  - A renowned journalist and legal commentator exposes the unchecked power of the prosecutor as a driving force in America's mass incarceration crisis--and charts a way out.  "An important, thoughtful and thorough examination of criminal justice in America that speaks directly to how we reduce mass incarceration."--Bryan Stevenson, author of Just Mercy  The American criminal justice system is supposed to be a contest between two equal adversaries, the prosecution and the defense, with judges ensuring a fair fight. That image does not match the reality in the courtroom, however. Much of the time, it is prosecutors more than judges who control the outcome of a case. They answer to almost no one and make most of the key decisions, from choosing the charge to setting bail to determining the plea bargain. They often decide who goes free and who goes to prison, even who lives and who dies. The system wasn't designed for this kind of unchecked power, and in Charged, Emily Bazelon reveals how it is the underreported cause of enormous injustice--and the missing piece in the mass incarceration puzzle.  Charged follows the story of two young people caught up in the criminal justice system: Kevin, a twenty-year-old in Brooklyn who picked up his friend's gun as the cops burst in and was charged with a serious violent felony, and Noura, a teenage girl in Memphis indicted for the murder of her mother. Bazelon tracks both cases, exploring every phase of the criminal justice process--from arrest and charging to trial and sentencing--and, with her trademark blend of deeply reported narrative, legal analysis, and investigative journalism, illustrates just how criminal prosecutions can go wrong and, more important, why they don't have to.  Bazelon shows how prosecution in America is at a crossroads and details the damage overzealous prosecutors can do--and also the second chances they can extend, if they choose, to Kevin and Noura and so many others, allowing them to make things right in their own lives. She follows a wave of reform-minded D.A.s who have been elected in some of our biggest cities, as well as in rural areas in every region of the country, put in office to do nothing less than reinvent how their job is done. If they succeed, they can point the country toward a different and profoundly better future.  In Charged, Emily Bazelon mounts a major critique of the American criminal justice system--and tells the story of the movement for change.
DA  - 2019/04/09/
PY  - 2019
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 449
LA  - en
PB  - Random House Publishing Group
SN  - 978-0-399-59001-6
ST  - Charged
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=n9KMDwAAQBAJ
KW  - Law / Criminal Law / Sentencing
KW  - Political Science / Corruption & Misconduct
KW  - Political Science / Public Policy / General
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Prisoners of Politics: Breaking the Cycle of Mass Incarceration
AU  - Barkow, Rachel Elise
AB  - America’s criminal justice system reflects irrational fears stoked by politicians seeking to win election. Pointing to specific policies that are morally problematic and have failed to end the cycle of recidivism, Rachel Barkow argues that reform guided by evidence, not politics and emotions, will reduce crime and reverse mass incarceration.
DA  - 2019/03/04/
PY  - 2019
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 305
LA  - en
PB  - Harvard University Press
SN  - 978-0-674-91923-5
ST  - Prisoners of Politics
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=sQ6BDwAAQBAJ
KW  - Law / Criminal Law / General
KW  - Social Science / Penology
KW  - Law / Government / General
KW  - Political Science / American Government / General
KW  - Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond Training Prosecutors about their Disclosure Obligations: Can Prosecutors' Offices Learn from their Lawyers' Mistakes
AU  - Green, Bruce A.
T2  - Cardozo Law Review
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 31
SP  - 2161
J2  - Cardozo L. Rev.
ST  - Beyond Training Prosecutors about their Disclosure Obligations
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cdozo31&id=2177&div=&collection=
L2  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cdozo31&div=68&id=&page=
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - Autopsy of a Wrongful Conviction
AU  - Rose, Julie
T2  - Top of Mind with Julie Rose
AB  - Guest: John Hollway, Associate Dean and Executive Director of the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice at the University of Pennsylvania Law School

2,482. That’s how many people over the last 30 years have spent time in prison–an average of 8 years –and then been exonerated of the crime because it turned out they were innocent. 2,482 people. How do mistakes like that happen? Or maybe it’s not mistakes –it’s outright misconduct on the part of cops or prosecutors? Increasingly, cities around the country are setting up task forces to uncover wrongful convictions –and in a few cases, when they do, another task force comes into figure out what went wrong.
CY  - BYU Radio
DA  - 2019/09/03/
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://www.byuradio.org/episode/23d7965e-0759-42fc-b9fb-dba76c87b1d0/top-of-mind-with-julie-rose-rural-politics-justice-system-senior-suicide?playhead=1114&autoplay=true
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Language Bias in Accident Investigation
AU  - Vesel, Crista Shannon
AB  - This paper examined the language and content of the U.S. Forest Service's Serious Accident Investigation Guide (SAIG), which is used to investigate what the organization terms 'serious wildland fire accidents'. The purpose of research was to identify whether the language in the guide was objective, or if it biased the accident analysis process and conclusions of the accident report.
Qualitative research included philosophic, paradigmatic, and linguistic analyses of the 2001 and 2005 editions of the SAIG. Phone and/or questionnaire interviews were conducted with six current or former Forest Service personnel, who were familiar with the SAIG, versed in the use of the guide to complete accident reports, or familiar with the case study. This data was used to validate language biases and to determine what affects these might have on the report. The Thirtymile Fire Accident Report was used as a case study, to understand how the Forest Service and greater society may be affected by the language of accident reports.
Results affirmed that language bias exists in the SAIG and that it does affect accident analysis. The SAIG influences investigators to apply linear, hindsight biased, 'cause and effect' reasoning toward human actors in the event. The guide’s use of agentive descriptions, binary opposition, and the active verb voice creates a seemingly exclusive causal attribution toward humans. Objective analysis was found to be impossible, using the SAIG's language and report structure. This stands in contrast to the agency's goal of accident prevention. It is recommended that more research be done on the language and structure of accident investigation guidance, to help determine what changes may be necessary to align espoused values of prevention and organizational response to accidents.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
PB  - Lund University
UR  - https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/2971193
Y2  - 2019/09/06/20:35:40
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The American Medical System Is One Giant Workaround - The New York Times
AU  - Brown
T2  - New Yrok Times
AB  - From Obamacare to nurses stockpiling medicine, health care has become a jury-rigged mess.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/56yU1vTEUxY
DA  - 2019/09/05/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/05/opinion/hospital-workaround-health-care.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share
Y2  - 2019/09/06/20:57:02
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is it time to give up on evidence-based policy? Four answers
AU  - French, Richard D.
T2  - Policy and Politics
AB  - Based on a systematic analysis of nearly 400 publications, this review article identifies four contrasting perspectives on evidence-based policy (EBP). One school of thought advocates reinforcing demands that governments pay more attention to research. A second perspective argues for the reform of the relationships between researchers and policy-makers. A third emphasises the need to reinvent formal procedures that govern the generation and use of evidence. The fourth rejects the possibility that research can simultaneously meet disciplinary standards and meaningfully address the needs of policy-makers. The paper concludes that to respond to the challenges facing EBP, researchers must develop a more realistic grasp of the task environment in which ministers and senior officials operate, reject naive but prevalent assumptions about the level of analytical rationality in government, and recognise that direct and sustained engagement with policy-makers may not be compatible with career advancement in academia.
DA  - 2019/01//
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1332/030557318X15333033508220
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 151
EP  - 168
N1  - <p>1</p>
<p> </p>
<p>EBP is the millennialdescendant of the policy sciences movement of the postwar era, and while that movement gave some way to postpositivist policy theory beginning  in  the  1980s,  it  never  died  (Botterill  and  Hindmoor,  2012,  367).</p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-family: serif; font-size: 17.0349px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">One can div</span></p>
<p>One can divide the conclusions from scholarship on EBP into four schools of thought</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Reinforce  Reform  Reinvent Reject</p>
<p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); font-family: serif; font-size: 17.0349px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">ide the conclusions from scholarship on EBP into four schools of thought</span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lessons from the evidence on evidence-based policy
AU  - French, Richard D.
T2  - Canadian Public Administration-Administration Publique Du Canada
AB  - Sommaire What can we learn from the evidence on evidence-based policy (EBP)? We summarize and synthesize the themes that converge from the observations of those scholars who have studied EBP, including studies of science and public policy and knowledge utilization. Many characteristics of the policy-making environment escape the notice of the majority of advocates of EBP; we examine them in summary. Next, we identify key lessons from research that addresses directly the practice of policy-making. A substantial consensus on the experience of EBP in policy-making emerges. However, when we examine the conclusions of various students of EBP as to the requirements for its successful implementation, we see that no consensus exists as to the way ahead. EBP will remain a popular ideal among scientists and social scientists because of its intuitive appeal, but would not appear to offer a simple prospect of rapid and significant improvement in the application of research to public policy. Que pouvons-nous apprendre des preuves concernant les politiques fondees sur des donnees probantes (PFDP)? partir des observations de chercheurs qui ont etudie les PFDP, y compris des recherches sur la << science et les politiques publiques >> et sur << l'utilisation des connaissances >>, nous resumons et faisons la synthese des sujets convergents. De nombreuses caracteristiques pertinentes au secteur de la prise de decisions, que nous etudions en resume, semblent echapper a la majorite des adeptes des PFDP; nous identifions ensuite les principales lecons tirees de la recherche portant directement sur la prise de decisions. Nous constatons alors l'emergence d'un consensus considerable. Neanmoins, en se penchant sur les resultats obtenus par divers chercheurs de PFDP concernant les exigences requises pour leur mise en OEuvre reussie, il n'existe pas de consensus sur la facon de proceder. Bien que les PFDP restent un ideal prise au sein de la communaute scientifique et des specialistes en sciences sociales a cause de leur attrait intuitif, elles ne semblent pas offrir de perspective simple pour ameliorer l'application de la recherche aux politiques publiques de maniere rapide et importante.
DA  - 2018/09//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1111/capa.12295
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
SP  - 425
EP  - 442
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The behavioural state: critical observations on technocracy and psychocracy
AU  - Feitsma, Joram Nanne Pieter
T2  - Policy Sciences
AB  - A 'Behavioural Insights' movement has emerged within governments. This movement infuses policymaking with behavioural scientific insights into the rationally bounded nature of human behaviour, hoping to make more effective and cost-efficient policies without being too obtrusive. Alongside sustained admirations of some, others see in Behavioural Insights the threatening revival of technocracy, and more particularly a 'psychocracy': a mode of public decision-making that wrongfully reduces the world of policymaking to a rational-instrumental and top-down affair dictated by psychological expertise. This article argues, however, that the claims of technocracy and psychocracy are overgeneralizations, emanating from a frontstage-focused debate that ignores a vast backwater of emerging behavioural policy practices. Grounded in four case studies on behavioural policymaking in Dutch governance, it will be demonstrated that at least part of this backwater is neither so technocratic nor so psychocratic as the critics claim.
DA  - 2018/09//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1007/s11077-018-9325-5
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 387
EP  - 410
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can experience be evidence? Craft knowledge and evidence-based policing
AU  - Fleming, Jenny
AU  - Rhodes, Rod
T2  - Policy and Politics
AB  - This article explores the use of evidence and varieties of knowledge in police decision making. It surveys official government policy, demonstrating that evidence-based policymaking is the dominant policy-making paradigm in the United Kingdom. It discusses the limits to social science knowledge in policymaking. The article explores four ideas associated with the notion of 'experience': occupational culture, institutional memory, local knowledge and craft, drawing on data from four UK police forces. We discuss the limits to experiential knowledge and conclude that experience is crucial to evidence-based policing and decision-making because it is the key to weaving the varieties of knowledge together.
DA  - 2018/01//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1332/030557317X14957211514333
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 26
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can Kamala Harris Adapt The Government’s Airplane-Safety Model to Stem Police Shootings?
AU  - Lartey, Jamiles
AU  - Press, via Associated
T2  - The Marshall Project
AB  - The transportation safety board works with federally-regulated air travel. A policing board would deal with thousands of local police departments.
DA  - 2019/09/10/T17:00:00Z
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.themarshallproject.org/2019/09/10/can-kamala-harris-adapt-the-government-s-airplane-safety-model-to-stem-police-shootings
Y2  - 2019/09/18/15:40:15
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Colgan Air Crash Helped Keep 90 Million Flights Safe - Bloomberg
AU  - Levin, Alan
T2  - Bloomberg.com
AB  - After the Colgan Air disaster, reforms contributed to an unprecedented decade of safety.
DA  - 2019/02/12/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-12/the-colgan-air-crash-helped-keep-90-million-flights-safe
Y2  - 2019/09/18/15:41:15
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Commentary by Peter Neufeld, Esq. and Barry C. Scheck
AU  - Scheck, Barry C
AU  - Neufeld, Peter
T2  - Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
PB  - National Institute of Justice
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial
AU  - Conners E., et al.
T2  - NIJ Research Report
AB  - Like fingerprint evidence, DNA evidence offers prosecutors an important new tool in the identification and apprehension of violent criminals, particularly in sexual assault cases. At the same time, DNA evidence can be used to exonerate the innocent. By highlighting the importance and utility of DNA evidence, the report presents challenges to the scientific and criminal justice communities. These challenges involve maintaining high standards for collecting and preserving DNA evidence, ensuring that DNA testing methodologies meet rigorous scientific criteria for reliability and accuracy, and increasing the proficiency and credibility of forensic scientists so their results and testimony are of the highest caliber and can withstand exacting scrutiny. Meeting these challenges requires continued support for research that advances the field of forensic science. Commentaries and profiles of DNA exculpatory cases are presented to illustrate the power and potential of DNA evidence. Policy implications of DNA testing and use as evidence are discussed. Notes and exhibits
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
PB  - National Institute of Justice
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Social Theory and the Street Cop: The Case of Deadly Force
AU  - Klinger, David
AB  - Social theory can serve
many functions in the
public policy arena. Two
of the most important in the
realm of crime and justice are:
(1) guiding the actions of
criminal justice agencies and
personnel; and (2) explaining to
members of the public how and
why agencies and personnel act
the way they do. 


Excerpt: System complexity also played a key role in the Lowry shooting.
One of the points that Perrow
makes in his discussion of NAT is
that the presence of safety devices
can create unexpected
interactions between system
elements, thus increasing the
degree of complexity, which in
turn increases the degree of
danger. Less-lethal launchers—
such as the ARWEN used by
Tacoma SWAT—are designed to
help officers subdue combative or
otherwise resistant subjects short
of using deadly force while
maintaining some distance. In
other words, they are safety
devices that help police to resolve
volatile situations, such as the
standoff with Kray, without
resorting to gunfire
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
PB  - Police Foundation
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Klinger-2005-Social-Theory-and-the-Street-Cop.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Boeing Board to Call for Safety Changes After 737 Max Crashes
AU  - Gelles, David
AU  - Kitroeff, Natalie
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A committee of the Boeing board reviewed how the company designs and builds planes. It identified areas for improvement and major issues facing the company.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/lIQYfHmwC_c
DA  - 2019/09/15/T20:03:22.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Business
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/business/boeing-safety-737-max.html
Y2  - 2019/09/19/20:36:35
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - Boeing 737 Max Groundings and Safety Concerns (2019)
KW  - Boeing Company
KW  - Muilenburg, Dennis A
KW  - DeFazio, Peter A
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In fatal Kennedy Street fire, D.C. missed many chances to save lives
AU  - Jamison, Peter
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - The city faltered in handling complaints about the home where a blaze killed a 9-year-old boy and a man.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/TBOW5OdyEuI
DA  - 2019/09/14/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fdc-politics%2Fa-failing-of-the-systems-in-rowhouse-fire-dc-missed-many-chances-to-save-lives%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2F78536312-d4bd-11e9-86ac-0f250cc91758_story.html
Y2  - 2019/09/19/20:39:00
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reliable Justice: Advancing the Two Fold Aim of Establishing Guilt and Protecting the Innocent
AU  - Acker, James R
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - Page 767:
6
 A decisional process resembling “sentinel event
review[s]” offers an attractive model.287
 As described in a National
Institute of Justice report, a sentinel event is “a bad outcome that no
one wants repeated and that signals the existence of underlying
weaknesses in the system.”288
 Sentinel event reviews have been
utilized in several contexts outside of criminal justice.289
 For example, when medical patients are mistreated or suffer harm while
undergoing hospital procedures, or when airplane accidents occur,
concerted efforts are made by investigative bodies to determine the
source of errors with a particular eye toward identifying potential
fundamental or root causes, in contrast to focusing on the mistakes
of individual actors or other idiosyncratic contributing factors.290
 The emphasis is on diagnosing and correcting deep-seated systemic flaws
to prevent recurrent mishaps, rather than ascribing case-specific
blame.2
Decision-makers intent on promoting reliable justice would have
no need to wait to react to specific cases of wrongful conviction or
other justice system errors to be faithful to the sentinel event review
model.292
 Indeed, “[s]entinels stand watch. They are the first to see
threats, and they sound a warning before those threats can do
harm.”293
 There is no shortage of warning signals regarding
miscarriages of justice, and there would be no shortage of agenda
items for discussion in criminal justice sentinel reviews. Reformers
have focused on sources of error that spawn wrongful convictions for
decades.294
 For example, Yale Law School Professor Edwin
Borchard’s seminal volume, Convicting the Innocent, which
highlighted many of the same concerns confronting criminal justice
today, was published in 1932.295
 Although many leading problems
that put innocents at risk are well known, effective systemic
responses too often have remained elusive.296 “The problem . . . is not
identifying which reforms are necessary, but rather getting system buy-in on their implementation.”297



https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/oOTujatZFI0
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
UR  - http://www.albanylawreview.org/issues/pages/article-information.aspx?volume=82&issue=3&page=719
Y2  - 2019/09/19/20:44:03
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The arrest of a black six-year-old girl exposes the rotten heart of US policing | Arwa Mahdawi
AU  - Mahdawi, Arwa
T2  - The Guardian
AB  - A girl was detained last week for kicking a school staff member. This reflects a zero-tolerance system that fuels the ‘school-to-prison pipeline’ and disproportionately affects minorities, writes Arwa Mahdawi.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/pGRrlxYB8Uw
DA  - 2019/09/25/T06:00:22.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - www.theguardian.com
LA  - en-GB
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0261-3077
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/25/the-arrest-of-a-black-six-year-old-girl-exposes-the-rotten-heart-of-us-policing
Y2  - 2019/10/02/18:11:53
KW  - World news
KW  - Race
KW  - US news
KW  - Education
KW  - Schools
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Prosecutors, Reentry and Public Safety
AU  - Vance Jr, Cyrus R.
AU  - Richards, Stanley
AU  - Oliva, Courtney
T2  - Reimagining the Role of the Prosecutor in the Community
AB  - The Executive Session on Reimagining the Role of the Prosecutor in the Community (Executive Session), hosted by the Institute for Innovation in Prosecution at John Jay College of Criminal Justice (IIP), is guiding high-level culture change in the feld of prosecution. Through a series of facilitated convenings and conversations spanning three years, the Executive Session brings together the foremost experts in the feld of prosecution – elected prosecutors, legal professionals, scholars, policy
experts, and individuals directly impacted by the justice system.
DA  - 2019/09//
PY  - 2019
PB  - Institute for Innovation in Prosecution at John Jay College
UR  - https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c4fbee5697a9849dae88a23/t/5d8b7ac4ee425a54655d538f/1569422021107/Exec+Session_Prosecutors%2C+ReEntry%2C+and+Public+Safety.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Punishment Bureaucracy: How to Think About “Criminal Justice Reform”
AU  - Karakatsanis, Alec
T2  - YALE LAW JOURNAL
AB  - The criminal justice reform” movement is in danger. Efforts to change the punishment bureaucracy are at risk of being co-opted by bureaucrats who have created and profited from mass human caging. This Essay seeks to understand the true functions of the punishment bureaucracy and to offer suggestions for dismantling it.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hDcSqlS1qsQ
DA  - 2019/03/28/
PY  - 2019
VL  - 128
ST  - The Punishment Bureaucracy
UR  - https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/the-punishment-bureaucracy
Y2  - 2019/10/02/18:19:42
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What Really Brought Down the Boeing 737 Max?
AU  - Langewiesche, William
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Malfunctions caused two deadly crashes. But an industry that puts unprepared pilots in the cockpit is just as guilty.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hvWv23W2q5E
DA  - 2019/09/18/T05:00:03-04:00
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/18/magazine/boeing-737-max-crashes.html
Y2  - 2019/10/02/18:28:28
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Airbus Industrie
KW  - Boeing 737 Max Groundings and Safety Concerns (2019)
KW  - Boeing Company
KW  - Pilots
KW  - Ethiopian Airlines
KW  - Indonesia
KW  - Lion Air
ER  - 

TY  - SOUND
TI  - ‎Pinpoint by Mark43: 21: How to Reimagine Policing with Front End Accountability w/ Barry Friedman
AU  - Mark43
T2  - Apple Podcasts
AB  - ‎Show Pinpoint by Mark43, Ep 21: How to Reimagine Policing with Front End Accountability w/ Barry Friedman - Sep 12, 2019

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/gKIa715t7JI
DA  - 2019//12/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-us
ST  - ‎Pinpoint by Mark43
UR  - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/21-how-to-reimagine-policing-front-end-accountability/id1453907332?i=1000449467871
Y2  - 2019/10/02/18:29:34
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ideology in Criminal Procedure or A Third "Model" of the Criminal Process
AU  - Griffiths, John
T2  - The Yale Law Journal
DA  - 1970///
PY  - 1970
DO  - 10.2307/795141
DP  - JSTOR
VL  - 79
IS  - 3
SP  - 359
EP  - 417
SN  - 0044-0094
UR  - https://www.jstor.org/stable/795141
DB  - JSTOR
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:03:19
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - CompStat 360
AU  - Police Foundation
T2  - National Police Foundation
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/compstat-360/
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:10:33
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - After-Action Review Library
AU  - National Police Institute
T2  - National Police Foundation
AB  - Project Purpose/Goal The National Police Foundation believes that some of the best lessons learned and improvements in law enforcement come from thorough, independent and critical reviews of incidents. After-action reviews (AARs) provide particularly objective observations, completed by independent experts who emphasize learning and improvement over assigning fault or blame. When law enforcement agencies respond to ...
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.policinginstitute.org/aarlibrary/
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:14:02
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - LEO Near Miss
AU  - Police Foundation
T2  - National Police Foundation
AB  - Advancing Policing Through Innovation and Science
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/projects/leo-near-miss/
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:15:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Advancing Wrongful Conviction Scholarship: Toward New Conceptual Frameworks
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine L.
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - As wrongful conviction scholarship grows, some scholars have suggested that existing research on miscarriages of justice lacks theoretical grounding and methodological sophistication, arguing that the use of social science theory may help to better understand wrongful convictions. In this article, we suggest that it may be useful to draw upon conceptual frameworks found in traditional criminal justice studies, discuss what such approaches might suggest about miscarriages of justice, and begin to explore the questions or topics they may encourage interested researchers to pursue. Furthermore, through this broad theoretical lens, we can see that criminal justice theory is present, at least implicitly, in some existing innocence literature, and that making such theoretical connections more explicit may help to move the study of wrongful conviction into the mainstream of criminal justice research.
DA  - 2015/11/02/
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1080/07418825.2013.827232
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
SP  - 929
EP  - 949
SN  - 0741-8825
ST  - Advancing Wrongful Conviction Scholarship
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2013.827232
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:20:14
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - actual innocence
KW  - criminal justice theory
KW  - miscarriages of justice
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Safety Differently: Human Factors for a New Era, Second Edition
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
T2  - CRC Press
AB  - The second edition of a bestseller, Safety Differently: Human Factors for a New Era is a complete update of Ten Questions About Human Error: A New View of Human Factors and System Safety. Today, the unrelenting pace of technology change and growth of complexity calls for a different kind of safety t
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
LA  - en
ST  - Safety Differently
UR  - https://www.crcpress.com/Safety-Differently-Human-Factors-for-a-New-Era-Second-Edition/Dekker/p/book/9781482241990
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:26:22
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons
AU  - Sagan, Scott Douglas
AB  - Environmental tragedies such as Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez, and Bhopal remind us that catastrophic accidents are always possible in a modern world full of hazardous technologies. Yet, the safety record appears to be extraordinarily good with nuclear weapons, the most dangerous technology of all. This safety record has led scholars, policy-makers, and the public alike to believe that nuclear weapons can serve as a safe and secure deterrent into the foreseeable future in the post-Cold War era. In this provocative and path-breaking book, Scott Sagan challenges such optimistic beliefs. Sagan's painstaking research into formerly classified archives penetrates the veil of safety that has surrounded U.S. nuclear weapons operations. Guided by theories of reliability in complex organizations, Sagan has uncovered a hidden history of frightening "close calls" to disaster: lost nuclear-armed bombers fly into the Russian warning net, Air Force officers tamper with missiles to be able to launch them without orders, B-52 bombers crash with thermonuclear weapons aboard and then vanish from the official histories, an unstable pilot deliberately turns on the two arming switches on his aircraft's nuclear bombs, and false warnings during the Cuban missile crisis lead pilots and radar operators to believe that the United States is under nuclear attack. Incomprehension, political maneuvering, and even cover-ups have limited what we have learned from these dangerous incidents, and Sagan maintains that many hidden bugs in the system remain. While the risk of deliberate nuclear war has been reduced with the end of the Cold War, the risk of serious accidents, even accidental war, remains unacceptably high. The inheritance of nuclear missiles by Soviet successor states, the continuing spread of the bomb to developing nations, and misplaced confidence in the safety of our own arsenal should produce deep concerns. Unless we radically change the posture of our nuclear arsenal, over the long run, when we least expect it, a serious accident will occur. The key factors that scholars believe lead to high organizational reliability - redundant back-up systems, personnel discipline, and trial-and-error learning - have not produced a safe nuclear arsenal. This book therefore challenges our beliefs, not only about nuclear weapons safety, but also about our ability to control the many other hazardous technologies on which modern society is based.
DA  - 1995/01/29/
PY  - 1995
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 303
LA  - en
PB  - Princeton University Press
SN  - 978-0-691-02101-0
ST  - The Limits of Safety
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=9eE9DwAAQBAJ
KW  - History / Africa / South / Republic of South Africa
KW  - History / Europe / General
KW  - History / Europe / Great Britain / General
KW  - History / Europe / Spain & Portugal
KW  - History / Military / Wars & Conflicts (Other)
KW  - History / Russia & the Former Soviet Union
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Bias Snowball and the Bias Cascade Effects: Two Distinct Biases that May Impact Forensic Decision Making
AU  - Dror, Itiel Et al.
AB  - Seven different potential sources of bias are presented in Fig. 1 (for their full descriptions and
examples see (1)). They include innate sources relating to the mere fact that we are human (the
very bottom of the taxonomy), general sources that emerge from the experience, training and
environment in which forensic examiners operate, and also the specifics of the case being
investigated (the top of the taxonomy that includes the improper use of reference material as
“targets” that drive the forensic comparison—suspect-driven bias—i.e., working back- ward
from the suspect/target to the evidence, rather than the other way around; see (1,2) for details).
Official bodies, such as the UK Forensic Regulator (3) and the US National Commission on
Forensic Science (4), have now acknowledged the potential of cognitive bias in forensic work.
UR  - http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1551582/3/Morgan_The%20Bias%20Snowball%20and%20the%20Bias%20Cascade%20Effects.%20Submitted.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Remapping the Path forward: Toward a Systemic View of Forensic Science Reform and Oversight
AU  - Laurin, Jennifer E.
T2  - Texas Law Review
DA  - 2012///2013
PY  - 2012
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 5
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1118
J2  - Tex. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Remapping the Path forward
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/tlr91&i=1115
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:38:32
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Whose Fault - Daubert, the NAS Report, and the Notion of Error in Forensic Science
AU  - Risinger, D. Michael
T2  - Fordham Urban Law Journal
DA  - 2010///2011
PY  - 2010
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 2
SP  - 519
EP  - 546
J2  - Fordham Urb. L.J.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/frdurb38&i=523
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:41:18
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What Hospitals Can Teach the Police
AU  - Starr, Douglas
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Medical professionals know how to de-escalate volatile situations.
DA  - 2018/04/21/T18:30:06.000Z
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/opinion/sunday/hospitals-police-violence.html
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:48:05
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Hospitals
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Much Difference Does the Lawyer Make?
AU  - Anderson, James M.
AU  - Heaton, Paul
AB  - Describes the results of a study to examine the effect of defense counsel on outcomes in murder prosecutions in Philadelphia.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
LA  - en
M3  - Product Page
UR  - https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR870.html
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:51:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Culture as a Structural Problem in Indigent Defense
AU  - Primus, Eve Brensike
T2  - Minnesota Law Review
DA  - 2015///2016
PY  - 2015
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 5
SP  - 1769
EP  - 1822
J2  - Minn. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/mnlr100&i=1823
Y2  - 2019/10/02/19:53:12
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Expanding Public Safety in the Era of Black Lives Matter Essay
AU  - Porter, Nicole D.
T2  - University of Miami Law Review
DA  - 2015///2016
PY  - 2015
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 2
SP  - 533
EP  - 555
J2  - U. Miami L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/umialr70&i=553
Y2  - 2019/10/02/20:07:55
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Tunnel Vision: The Impact of Human Factors on Criminal Investigations
AU  - Trainum, James L.
AB  - International experts in psychology, criminal justice, law, forensics, and an array of hard and social sciences study human error and help us understand our mistakes.  Because we can’t make these talented and dedicated people available to everyone at once, the Innocence Project and the Ohio Innocence Project, in collaboration with the Innocence Network and the International Police Chiefs Association, created a series of informational videos, The Impact of Human Factors on Criminal Investigations, to help you understand the phenomena that cause wrongful convictions.
DA  - 2018/11/19/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wr9tIWVY8V4&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR1mz_KCI2bZ3KEitcrBZt2Pa0QVS5g5pMP1QtLiszAMa6R5VX0apxFDRFs&app=desktop
Y2  - 2019/10/03/17:48:49
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Biases in Forensic Experts
AU  - Dror, Itiel
AB  - Forensic evidence plays a critical role in court proceedings and the administration of justice. It is a powerful tool that can help convict the guilty and avoid wrongful conviction of the innocent. Unfortunately, flaws in forensic evidence are increasingly becoming apparent. Assessments of forensic science have too often focused only on the data and the underlying science, as if they exist in isolation, without sufficiently addressing the process by which forensic experts evaluate and interpret the evidence. After all, it is the forensic expert who observes the data and makes interpretations, and therefore forensic evidence is mediated by human and cognitive factors.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2018/04/20/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3168247
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3168247
Y2  - 2019/10/03/17:52:31
KW  - Forensic Science
KW  - Bias
KW  - DNA
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Expert Testimony
KW  - Fingerprint
KW  - Scientific Evidence
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Behavioural insights teams and randomised controlled trials: a problematic pairing?
AU  - Ball, Sarah
AU  - Head, Brian
AB  - This paper examines the practices of governmental behavioural insights teams in Australia and
New Zealand, drawing on two independent research projects which included extensive
interviews with key personnel. We argue that the reliance on RCTs, while useful for scientific
credibility, also entails restrictions on the scope of policy problems and design issues, thereby
limiting the overall contribution of behavioural insights to policy in the long term.
First, RCTs necessarily limit the ability to inductively explore a policy area, limiting the research
question to those concerning the relative effectiveness of two or more similar options for
improvement. To address major social challenges, social policy needs to be informed by the
messy reality of people’s lives and this requires the ability to explore both meaning and context
in addition to effectiveness.
First, RCTs necessarily limit the ability to inductively explore a policy area, limiting the research
question to those concerning the relative effectiveness of two or more similar options for
improvement. To address major social challenges, social policy needs to be informed by the
messy reality of people’s lives and this requires the ability to explore both meaning and context
in addition to effectiveness.
Secondly, the reliance on RCT-based science fails to account for the political nature of policymaking. Policy design rarely follows a rational model wherein a problem is defined, a solution
designed and then tested for effectiveness. We contend that this recent push for RCTs ignores
the reality that policy is more commonly, at best, evidence-informed, and that prioritising a
single method for generating reliable knowledge may risk reducing the scope and quantum of
evidence for the generation of ‘usable knowledge’.
Thirdly and finally, a focus on RCTs also risks prioritising technocratic approaches to problemsolving and fails to account for the important role played by experiential knowledge and
deliberative approaches. In a time where expertise is increasingly distrusted, this limitation
represents an additional risk to the longevity of behavioural insights in policy.
This paper does not attempt to critique RCTs or experimentalism as a scientific method, but
rather seeks to highlight that prioritisation of RCTs can have unfortunate outcomes. The
prioritisation fails to acknowledge the many forms of valuable and usable knowledge available
for policymaking, and can risk limiting the prospects for productive incorporation of
behavioural insights into policy design and implementation overall
C3  - International Public Policy Conference 4 University of Concordia, Montreal
DA  - 2019/06//
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/5ce73bde52b6c.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond evidence versus truthiness: toward a symmetrical approach to knowledge and ignorance in policy studies
AU  - Paul, Katharina T
AU  - Haddad, Christian
T2  - Policy Sciences
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
SP  - 299
EP  - 314
J2  - Policy Sciences
SN  - 0032-2687
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nudge and evidence based policy: fertile ground
AU  - Einfeld, Colette
T2  - Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
J2  - Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice
SN  - 1744-2648
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Applying Research beyond the Ivory Tower: Reflections from Police Now
AU  - Fenn, Liam
AU  - Marks, Joshua
AU  - Christoforides, Kurtis
AU  - Coupar, Freya
T2  - Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
J2  - Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Advances in evidence-based policing
AU  - Knutsson, Johannes
AU  - Tompson, Lisa
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - Taylor & Francis
SN  - 1-315-51828-7
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Improving police legitimacy by measuring all that matters: reflections from the United States and France
AU  - Greene, Jack R
AU  - Mouhanna, Christian
AU  - Taheri, Sema A
AU  - Jones, David Squier
T2  - The politics of policing: between force and legitimacy
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
SP  - 153
EP  - 172
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
SN  - 1521-6136
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The long and winding road: embedding evidence-based policing principles
AU  - HOUGH, MIKE
AU  - Hunter, Gillian
AU  - MAY, TIGGEY
T2  - Advances in Evidence-Based Policing
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SP  - 155
EP  - 172
PB  - Routledge
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Conclusion: A realistic agenda for evidence-based policing
AU  - Tompson, Lisa
AU  - Knutsson, Johannes
T2  - Advances in Evidence-Based Policing
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SP  - 214
EP  - 223
PB  - Routledge
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Which evidence? What knowledge? Broadening information about the police and their interventions
AU  - Greene, Jack R
T2  - Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
SP  - 457
J2  - Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives
SN  - 1108417817
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - How to End the Era of Mass Supervision
AU  - Muhammad, David
AU  - Schiraldi, Vincent
T2  - The Chronicle of Social Change
AB  - Two criminal justice reform leaders share their thoughts on nationwide probation reform and how to end an era of mass supervision
DA  - 2019/09/30/T11:00:07+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://chronicleofsocialchange.org/justice/how-to-end-the-era-of-mass-supervision/37846
Y2  - 2019/10/04/13:31:57
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘It could be your child.’ In Charlotte, shootings - some murders - start with petty fights
AU  - Crank, Kendal
T2  - charlotteobserver
AB  - Kendal Crank, a mother killed in her car in Charlotte. John Holaday, a CEO shot in uptown. These are examples of shootings in Charlotte where bystanders were hit as suspects with guns argued over minor issues.
DA  - 2019/10/04/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/crime/article235706817.html
Y2  - 2019/10/04/17:34:10
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Prosecutors drop gun charges over and over. Some suspects go on to kill.
AU  - Alexander, Ames
AU  - Off, Gavin
AU  - Raynor, David
T2  - C harlotte Observer
AB  - Mecklenburg County prosecutors dismiss almost 70% of weapons charges in court, a rate higher than other urban counties in the state. Some released suspects go on to commit violent crimes, including murder.
DA  - 2019/09/29/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article227195269.html
Y2  - 2019/10/04/17:58:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE INTEGRITY OF OUR CONVICTIONS: HOLDING STAKEHOLDERS ACCOUNTABLE IN AN ERA OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM
AU  - Scheck, Barry
T2  - GEO.L.J. ANN.REV.CRIM.PROC
AB  - By its very nature, this is a “system” question involving multiple stakeholders that
intersects with complex ethical, legal, and scientific issues. In the last decade, drawing from a rich “safety” literature in the high-risk fields of medicine and aviation, an
interdisciplinary cadre of researchers and reformers have been seeking to translate
some of the successful models from aviation and medicine to the criminal justice
arena.2 A rich interdisciplinary “sentinel event” literature has developed3 involving
“safety experts,” psychologists, and criminal justice stakeholders from practice and
academia.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 48
UR  - https://www.nacdl.org/getattachment/e8d57a4e-b5db-4bbf-9c2b-a203e681953c/barry-scheck-the-integrity-of-our-convictions-holding-stakeholders-accountable-in-an-era-of-criminal-justice-reform-georgetown-law-journal-scjn-conference-2019.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Milwaukee’s Cure Violence program: mixed reviews and lots of hope
AU  - Rice, Rachel
T2  - Saint Louis Dispatch
DA  - 2019/10/07/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/milwaukee-s-cure-violence-program-mixed-reviews-and-lots-of/article_83cef074-04c3-51dd-ba7c-b03b94b9951b.html#tracking-source=home-top-story
Y2  - 2019/10/07/17:04:20
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy
AU  - O'Neil, Cathy
AB  - Longlisted for the National Book Award | New York Times BestsellerA former Wall Street quant sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life and threaten to rip apart our social fabric.We live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly, the decisions that affect our lives—where we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insurance—are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models. In theory, this should lead to greater fairness: Everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated.But as Cathy O’Neil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and uncontestable, even when they’re wrong. Most troubling, they reinforce discrimination: If a poor student can’t get a loan because a lending model deems him too risky (by virtue of his zip code), he’s then cut off from the kind of education that could pull him out of poverty, and a vicious spiral ensues. Models are propping up the lucky and punishing the downtrodden, creating a “toxic cocktail for democracy.” Welcome to the dark side of Big Data.Tracing the arc of a person’s life, O’Neil exposes the black box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These “weapons of math destruction” score teachers and students, sort résumés, grant (or deny) loans, evaluate workers, target voters, set parole, and monitor our health.O’Neil calls on modelers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, it’s up to us to become more savvy about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2016/09/06/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 272
LA  - English
PB  - Crown
SN  - 978-0-553-41881-1
ST  - Weapons of Math Destruction
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Weapons-Math-Destruction-Increases-Inequality/dp/0553418815
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Elements of success in multi-stakeholder deliberation platforms
AU  - Garard, Jennifer
AU  - Koch, Larissa
AU  - Kowarsch, Martin
T2  - Palgrave Communications
AB  - Deliberation platforms are an important component of the multi-actor science-policy interface within the realm of environmental governance, increasingly characterized by the engagement of a diversity of actors. Deliberation platforms provide a mechanism through which stakeholders with diverse perspectives can both discuss problems and explore potential solutions related to environmental governance, integrating scientific and other knowledge. This study employs a Qualitative Content Analysis of 16 semi-structured interviews to investigate which elements of deliberation platforms are most central to their success and how these elements interact with one another from the perspective of public engagers. This fills a gap in the literature on the qualification of knowledge and experience of public engagers regarding the organization of multi-stakeholder deliberation platforms. Elements to consider in the organization of deliberation platforms were ranked, and five central elements were identified: (1) the selection of participants relevant to the topic and conducive to positive interactions, (2) openness as an attitude in both organizers and participants, (3) facilitation of interactions and the role of the facilitator, (4) communication and transparency between organizers and participants, and (5) fostering dialog between participants through various means. Different manifestations of these five central elements which can fit best within different particular contexts and suit various objectives are also investigated based on the interview material. The discussion summarizes the lessons learned with regards to organizing deliberation platforms from the perspective of public engagers, and explores the potential for trade-offs and co-benefits between central elements as a means to improve the efficiency and efficacy of organizing such platforms. Furthermore, the links between the central elements and social learning, as a particular, overarching objective of deliberation platforms, are discussed. This study is an important step towards further analysis of deliberation platforms, necessary in order to avoid the risks of convening actors with diverse perspectives to discuss politically-relevant topics. It provides insights relevant to public engagers and to future studies analyzing these increasingly important venues for engagement in environmental governance.
DA  - 2018/11/06/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1057/s41599-018-0183-8
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
J2  - Palgrave Commun
LA  - en
SN  - 2055-1045
UR  - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0183-8
Y2  - 2019/10/08/16:25:46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can You Build a Better Cop?
AU  - Owens, Emily
AU  - Weisburd, David
AU  - Amendola, Karen L.
AU  - Alpert, Geoffrey P.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary By drawing from psychology and economics, we present an experimental evaluation of a procedural justice training program designed to “slow down” police officers’ thought processes during citizen encounters. We find that officers who were randomly assigned to participate in training were as engaged in the community as similarly situated officers, but they were less likely to resolve incidents with an arrest or to be involved in incidents where force was used. These changes were most evident among officers who worked in areas with a modest level of risk. Policy Implications Police officers who are actively engaged with the public can reduce crime through general deterrence and by arresting criminals. Nevertheless, excessive discretionary arrests and the use of force by officers can reduce public trust in the police. To date, there is scant evidence as to how police departments can successfully train officers to balance enforcement and public trust in the field. Through our study, we demonstrate that a relatively minor supervisory intervention may cause substantive changes in how police and citizens interact with each other.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12337
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
SP  - 41
EP  - 87
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12337
Y2  - 2019/10/10/17:53:06
KW  - policing
KW  - field experiments
KW  - job training
KW  - procedural justice
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Boston police save two men from attempting suicide in separate incidents - The Boston Globe
AU  - Correspondent, Alyssa Lukpat Globe
AU  - October 10
AU  - 2019
AU  - Comments8, 4:17 p m Email to a Friend Share on Facebook Share on TwitterPrint this Article View
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Officers were called at 11:27 p.m. Wednesday to 99 Boston St. in Dorchester about a man threatening to jump from an overpass, Boston police said in a statement.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Rr4w2zCsBCg
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/10/boston-police-save-two-men-from-attempting-suicide-separate-incidents/VSz5pQPYV4uSJ5o60XAt6O/story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/20:30:16
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Few are guilty, all are responsible: How to fix a system that let a homeless man kill four other homeless men on New York’s streets
AU  - Roberts, Cheryl
T2  - nydailynews.com
AB  - As a former town judge and current bond agent for the Columbia County Bail Fund, I bristle at reports blaming the recent deaths of four homeless men on the Bronx Freedom Fund for bailing out the suspect, Randy Santos. I also bristle at those who point the finger at the Brooklyn judge who tried to divert Santos into mental health treatment after an earlier arrest rather than locking him away.
DA  - 2019/10/10/
PY  - 2019
LA  - English (United States), en-US
ST  - Few are guilty, all are responsible
UR  - https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-few-are-guilty-all-are-responsible-20191010-2rmjm2eqnrg65o3o4p2ybc3u6a-story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/20:32:49
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Special Edition: Atatiana Jefferson’s death was a failure of policing
AU  - Lustbader, Sarah
T2  - The Appeal
ST  - Special Edition
UR  - https://mailchi.mp/theappeal/daily-appeal-347303?e=b1991be789
Y2  - 2019/10/18/20:50:25
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - She Warned a School About Her Armed Son, but Now She Faces Charges
AU  - Padilla, Mariel
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Prosecutors said Mary York prematurely removed her son from a mental health facility and did not report that he had fired a gun in their home before a standoff at a school ended in his suicide.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Ijtx31Wrm6w
DA  - 2019/10/15/T19:29:20.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/15/us/indiana-school-shooting-mother-charged.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/20:56:20
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Suicides and Suicide Attempts
KW  - Child Abuse and Neglect
KW  - School Shootings and Armed Attacks
KW  - Richmond (Ind)
KW  - York, Mary (1976- )
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Lack of action cited on Common stabbing suspect - The Boston Globe
AU  - Sacchetti, Maria
AU  - Cramer, Maria
AU  - Comments26, 12:00 a m Email to a Friend Share on Facebook Share on TwitterPrint this Article View
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The knife attack on the park rangers raised new questions about whether the state could have done more to protect the public from a man with <a href=« http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/10/15/hutchinson/tW4OcYzpypiartnLKnvzEM/story.html » target=« _blank »>a long and violent criminal record and a history of mental illness.</a>

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0Z4Il2B7fBs/T-nzHZQ89EsJ;context-place=topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/Ijtx31Wrm6w
DA  - 2014/10/18/
PY  - 2014
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/10/17/former-officer-advocates-ask-why-boston-common-stabbing-suspect-was-not-locked/BKNeg8RBwR7Ing6cLViIHN/story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/20:57:52
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How an inmate who repeatedly threatened to rape his guards ended up on a bus back to D.C.
AU  - Brittain
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Corrections staff in Florida said Antwon Pitt repeatedly exposed himself, masturbated and made threats of rape.
DA  - 2016/07/29/
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/how-an-inmate-who-repeatedly-threatened-to-rape-his-guards-ended-up-on-a-bus-back-to-dc/2016/07/29/82e28f28-3a2f-11e6-8f7c-d4c723a2becb_story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/21:01:40
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How an accused rapist kept getting second chances from the D.C. justice system
AU  - Brittain, Amy
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Antwon Pitt was released after his eighth arrest in four years and now faces trial for rape.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/%22wrongful$20release%22%7Csort:date/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/TmtJs-2PDDQ/qEpMrBEpAQAJ
DA  - 2016/05/14/
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/off-the-grid-how-a-violent-offender-slipped-through-the-dc-justice-system/2016/05/13/ba4ca96c-ebba-11e5-bc08-3e03a5b41910_story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/18/21:11:09
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Four Decades of Transformation in Decision Analytic Practice for Societal Risk Management
AU  - McDaniels, Timothy
T2  - Risk Analysis
AB  - The formal mathematical structure for decision making under uncertainty was first expressed in Savage's axioms over 60 years ago. But while the underlying normative concepts for decision making under uncertainty remain constant, the practice of applying these concepts in real-world settings, as conducted by decision analysis (DA) specialists working with agencies and interested parties, has seen a major transformation in recent decades. The purpose of this article is to provide perspectives that characterize and interpret how DA practice for societal risk management questions has grown and is being transformed over the last 40 years. It addresses a series of themes for parsing changes in how DA has evolved toward more flexible approaches, moving beyond strict theoretical assumptions and constrained settings, and addresses multiple interested parties to provide insights rather than a single correct answer. The article clarifies the path from the initial DA formulation as a set of normative axioms, through gradual change into what is now the most flexible and least restrictive form of policy analysis. The article shows how the practice of DA for societal risks has become more attuned to a wide array of interests and perspectives, more behaviorally informed, more creative, and more informative for governance process. It addresses the following themes: the evolution in the basic orientation of DA, the increasingly important role of stakeholders in DA practice, the importance and value of key problem-structuring techniques, and evolution in approaches for eliciting values and technical judgments.
DA  - 2019/07/22/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1111/risa.13332
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 0
IS  - 0
LA  - en
SN  - 1539-6924
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/risa.13332
Y2  - 2019/10/21/16:16:33
KW  - Decision analysis
KW  - elicitation
KW  - practice
KW  - problem-structuring
KW  - risk management
KW  - stakeholders
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘I’m Going to Die Here,’ She Told the Guards. They Didn’t Listen.
AU  - Nir, Sarah Maslin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The nation’s jails can be dangerous, or even deadly, for sick inmates like Lamekia Dockery. Often, no one is held accountable.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/custody%7Csort:date/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/nJzVgpQS4mQ/3Fgr_ELpFAAJ
DA  - 2019/01/30/T23:03:00.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/30/us/lamekia-dockery-death-jail-prison.html
Y2  - 2019/10/21/19:20:08
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Prison Guards and Corrections Officers
KW  - Drug Abuse and Traffic
KW  - Dockery, Lamekia
KW  - Elkhart Community Corrections (Goshen, Ind)
KW  - Emergency Medical Treatment
KW  - Women and Girls
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Md. man with Down syndrome who died in police custody loved law enforcement
AU  - Vargas, Teresa
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Robert Ethan Saylor refused to leave a movie theater. Now his death is being investigated as a homicide.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/custody%7Csort:date/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/l7OliAz2-UQ/2OwagQ-j3dsJ
DA  - 2013/02/19/
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-man-with-down-syndrome-who-died-in-police-custody-loved-law-enforcement/2013/02/19/10e09fe0-7ad5-11e2-82e8-61a46c2cde3d_story.html
Y2  - 2019/10/21/19:23:44
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - “Practical Drift”: Why people don’t always follow procedure and can Relationship Based Safety help?
AU  - Carrillo, Rosa
AB  - Each year many are injured or killed in incidents where following a procedure or using available safety equipment would have saved his or her life.  Both managers and safety professionals have asked, “Why do people take short cuts and put themselves at risk?”  This article will explore this question from a variety of perspectives ranging from the traditional to the more recent thinking related to complexity and relationship-based safety.


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0HyD9bDyOcA
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
LA  - en
ST  - “Practical Drift”
UR  - https://blog.predictivesolutions.com/blog/practical-drift-why-people-dont-always-follow-procedure-and-can-relationship-based-safety-help
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:00:34
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Lion Air crash investigators fault Boeing 737 Max’s flight-control system, regulatory lapses and pilot training
AU  - Rohmah, Ainur
AU  - Duncan, Ian
AU  - Laris, closeIan DuncanMember of the transportation team focused on the U. S. Department of TransportationEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollowMichael
AU  - Asia, closeMichael LarisTransportation reporterEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollowShibani Mahtani closeShibani MahtaniReporter covering Southeast
AU  - KongEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollow, Hong
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Indonesian authorities identified nine factors that combined to cause the deadly crash that killed 189 people.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2aXdXc3JYXg
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/investigators-fault-boeing-737-maxs-flight-control-system-regulatory-lapses-and-pilot-training-in-lion-air-crash/2019/10/25/e8143d06-f69c-11e9-b2d2-1f37c9d82dbb_story.html
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:03:16
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - NACo Announces New County Justice Peer Learning Network
AU  - Oct. 22, Vernon Smith
AU  - 2019
T2  - NACo
AB  - An estimated 2 million annual jail admissions involve a person with a serious mental illness and three-quarters of these individuals has a co-occurring substance use disorder.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ef20qKspHio
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.naco.org/blog/naco-announces-new-county-justice-peer-learning-network
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:07:53
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How to make sure they don’t go back: New York State is failing at prisoner reentry - New York Daily News
AU  - Lang, Lucy
T2  - New York Daily News
AB  - My friend Emmanuel died this summer. It was an unorthodox friendship, formed in 2018 when I was a prosecutor and he was incarcerated in Queensboro Correctional Facility. We met in a class I teach called Inside Criminal Justice, which brings prosecutors and incarcerated students together to find ways to change the legal system in our city.





https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NaC9URQd6W8
DA  - 2019/10/27/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-how-to-make-sure-they-dont-go-back-20191027-jkrgorrcqraxfd4pdyhb7o5lvy-story.html
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:14:04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond false positives
AU  - Taylor, Paul L.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary Daniel Kahneman (2011) wrote, “There are distinctive patterns in the errors people make. Systemic errors are known as biases, and they recur predictability in particular circumstances. ... The availability of diagnostic labels for [these] biases make [them] easier to anticipate, recognize, and understand.” In this article, we examine the systemic nature of human error in the context of officer-involved shootings—one of the most visible and controversial aspects of the U.S. criminal justice system—and we seek to provide a common language for discussing, recognizing, and understanding these tragic outcomes. Policy Implications The resulting typology offers a framework for a systems-based approach to researching and investigating police shooting errors that, in turn, could provide a powerful vehicle for reform, improved officer decision-making, and ultimately better outcomes.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-aI2Zw2_i_I
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12460
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 807
EP  - 822
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12460
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:21:59
KW  - police
KW  - deadly force
KW  - decision-making
KW  - human error
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Wrong Goodbye
AU  - Sexton, Joe
AU  - Schweber, Nate
T2  - ProPublica
AB  - A wrenching decision to end life support, and the unthinkable mistake that devastated not one but two families.
DA  - 2019/10/31/T05:00:00-0400
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://features.propublica.org/wrong-goodbye/mistaken-identity-end-of-life-decision-family-support-frederick-williams-raheme-perry/
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:27:54
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Ex-DeKalb cop gets 12 years in prison for killing unarmed, naked veteran
AU  - Boone, Christian
AU  - Rankin, Bill
T2  - Atlanta Journal Constitution
AB  - In a high-profile Georgia case, former cop Robert Olsen received a 20-year sentence, with 12 to serve in prison, for killing unarmed, naked and mentally ill Anthony Hill. The sentence seemed to satisfy no one.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/QkmVk0NpBo8
DA  - 2019/11/01/
PY  - 2019
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.ajc.com/news/watch-live-dekalb-cop-sentenced-for-killing-unarmed-naked-veteran/bDr1FOf0lLq3EZHjJQ1yuL/
Y2  - 2019/11/08/16:40:25
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - OP ED Eight reasons for America's shameful number of wrongful convictions -
AU  - Grisham, John
T2  - Los Angeles Times
UR  - https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-grisham-wrongful-convictions-20180311-story.html?
Y2  - 2019/11/08/18:59:13
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Epidemic of Wrongful Convictions in America
AU  - Mystal, Elie
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In “The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist,” Radley Balko and Tucker Carrington tell a haunting true-crime tale of systemic incompetence and racism.
DA  - 2018/03/30/T09:00:07.000Z
PY  - 2018
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Books
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/books/review/cadaver-king-country-dentist-radley-balko-tucker-carrington.html
Y2  - 2019/11/08/19:00:55
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Books and Literature
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Innocence Project
KW  - Balko, Radley
KW  - Brewer, Kennedy
KW  - Brooks, Levon
KW  - Carrington, Tucker
KW  - The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist: A True Story of Injustice in the American South (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement: Leading a Culture of Safety: A Blueprint for Success
AU  - American College of Healthcare Executives
AU  - IHI/NPSF Lucian Leape Institute.
AB  - Creating a culture of safety in health care settings has proven to be a challenging endeavor, and there is a lack of clear actions for organizational leaders to take in developing such a culture. This guide provides chief executive officers and other health care leaders with a useful tool for assessing and advancing their organization’s culture of safety, and can be used to help determine the current state, inform dialogue with the board and leadership team, and help leaders set priorities.
CY  - Boston, MA
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
LA  - en-US
PB  - American College of Healthcare Executives and Institute for Healthcare Improvement;
ST  - Institute for Healthcare Improvement
UR  - http://www.ihi.org:80/resources/Pages/Publications/Leading-a-Culture-of-Safety-A-Blueprint-for-Success.aspx
Y2  - 2019/11/08/19:15:30
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Measuring Change: From Rates of Recidivism to Markers of Desistance
AU  - Klingele, Cecelia M.
AB  - Reducing the incidence of crime is a primary task of the criminal justice system, and one for which it rightly should be held accountable. The system’s success is frequently judged by the recidivism rates of those who are subject to various criminal justice interventions, from treatment programs to imprisonment. This Article suggests that, however popular, recidivism alone is a poor metric for gauging the success of the criminal justice interventions, or of those who participate in them. This is true primarily because recidivism is a binary measure, and behavioral change is a multi-faceted process. Accepting recidivism as a valid stand-alone metric imposes on the criminal justice system a responsibility outside its capacity, demanding that its success turn on transforming even the most serious and intractable of offenders into fully law-abiding citizens. Instead of measuring success by simple rates of recidivism, policymakers should seek more nuanced metrics. One such alternative is readily-available: markers of desistance. Desistance, which in this context means the process by which individuals move from a life that is crime-involved to one that is not, is evidenced not just by whether a person re-offends at all, but also by increasing intervals between offenses and patterns of de-escalating behavior. These easily-obtainable metrics, which are already widely relied on by criminologists, can yield more nuanced information about the degree to which criminal justice interventions correlate to positive (or negative) life change. They also resemble more closely the ways in which other fields that address behavioral change, such as education, attempt to measure change over time. Measuring the success of criminal justice interventions by reference to their effects on desistance would mean seeking evidence of progress, not perfection. Such an approach would allow criminal justice agencies to be held accountable for promoting positive change without asking them to do the impossible, thereby creating new pathways by which the criminal justice system could be recognized for achieving real and measurable progress in crime reduction.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/p3swsYhyZSI
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2018/03/15/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3142405
ST  - Measuring Change
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3142405
Y2  - 2019/11/08/19:17:10
KW  - parole
KW  - recidivism
KW  - probation
KW  - criminal justice
KW  - corrections
KW  - desistance
KW  - sentencing
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Root Cause Analysis Gone Wrong | PSNet
AU  - Peerally, Mohammad Farhad
AU  - Dixon-Woods, Mary
T2  - PSNet Patient Safety Network
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0zz1gDrJrTU
DA  - 2018/04//
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/web-mm/root-cause-analysis-gone-wrong
Y2  - 2019/11/08/21:11:41
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effectiveness of root cause analysis: what does the literature tell us?
AU  - Percarpio, Katherine B.
AU  - Watts, B. Vince
AU  - Weeks, William B.
T2  - Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety
AB  - BACKGROUND: Root cause analysis (RCA) is an analysis framework used in health care to determine the systemic causes and prevent recurrences of adverse events. It is required by The Joint Commission for reported events and by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Patient Safety for qualifying events in VA medical centers. The evidence on RCA effectiveness in improving patient safety was reviewed.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, and the Cochrane Database were searched from database inception to September 2007. RCA case studies and articles that directly addressed the RCA framework were reviewed.
RESULTS: Discussion of RCA did not emerge in the literature until the late 1990s, and there have been no controlled trials that test the RCA framework. Twenty-three articles describe the RCA process, 38 articles present RCA case studies, and 12 articles analyze weaknesses of the RCA framework. Eleven of the case studies measure RCA effectiveness, 3 using clinical outcome measures and 8 using process measures. All 11 articles report improvement of safety following RCA. RCA participants report the difficulty in forming causal statements and in developing/implementing corrective actions. Criticisms of RCA include the uncontrolled study design and participant biases.
DISCUSSION: Overall, the limited literature on RCA effectiveness provides anecdotal evidence that RCA improves safety. At the same time, it highlights the numerous theoretical problems with the analytical framework. Formal studies at the system level and cost-benefit analysis are needed to determine the effectiveness of RCA. Structured publication of case studies will support shared knowledge and will provide benchmarks for improvement. Enrichment of the RCA literature body will enable reproducibility of improvement work, optimization of analysis, and validation of the framework itself.
DA  - 2008/07//
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1016/s1553-7250(08)34049-5
DP  - PubMed
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
SP  - 391
EP  - 398
J2  - Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf
LA  - eng
SN  - 1553-7250
ST  - The effectiveness of root cause analysis
KW  - Humans
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Systems Analysis
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Stepping Up and Data-Driven Justice: Using Data to Identify and Serve People who Frequently Utilize Health, Human Services and Justice Systems
AU  - National Associaiton of Counties
T2  - NACo
AB  - Counties across the country have committed to creating data-driven, systems-level plans to reduce the number of people with mental illnesses in their jails. As part of these efforts, many communities are focusing on the small number of people who frequently cycle in and out of emergency rooms, shelters, crisis services and the justice system, a population that disproportionately contributes to the high utilization of these resources.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/WpkEcdwto3U
LA  - en
ST  - Stepping Up and Data-Driven Justice
UR  - https://www.naco.org/events/stepping-and-data-driven-justice-using-data-identify-and-serve-people-who-frequently-utilize
Y2  - 2019/11/14/15:57:05
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The Case Against Boeing
AU  - MacGillis, Alec
AB  - Since Samya Stumo’s death in a 737 MAX crash, her parents and her great-uncle, Ralph Nader, have devoted themselves to proving that the company put profit over safety.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hvWv23W2q5E
DA  - 2019/11/11/T10:00:00.000Z
PY  - 2019
DP  - www.newyorker.com
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-792X
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/11/18/the-case-against-boeing
Y2  - 2019/11/14/16:00:52
KW  - airplane crashes
KW  - airplanes
KW  - boeing
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Sheriff Takes Partial Responsibility for Jillian White Aspen Jail Death
AU  - Roberts, Michael
T2  - Westword
AB  - Jillian White was well known at the jail where she died.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/R_U6TvZkI8s
DA  - 2019/11/08/T07:08:27-07:00
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.westword.com/news/jillian-white-aspen-jail-death-and-who-is-responsible-11543010
Y2  - 2019/11/15/20:38:59
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A Detective’s Worst Foe: ‘Flawed Thinking’
AU  - H, Stephen
AU  - elman
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Fictional detectives like Peter Falk's Colombo can solve mysteries on a hunch. Real-life  investigators who do the same are often responsible for wrongful arrests that undermine the legitimacy of the justice system--and let the real wrongdoers escape, according to criminologists.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/wMaEcVc0QlI
DA  - 2019/11/15/T14:30:02+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
ST  - A Detective’s Worst Foe
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/11/15/a-detectives-worst-foe-flawed-thinking/
Y2  - 2019/11/15/20:40:12
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Safety from Flawed Forensic Sciences Evidence
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
AB  - This article addresses the way to safety in the context of forensic sciences evidence. After presenting the current lack of safety, which this article terms “unsafety,” it raises some possible safety measures to contend with this. The suggestions presented are grounded on two bases: first, the specific analysis of each type of evidence in line with the most recent research on the subject; and second, modern safety theory and its application to the criminal justice system.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2018/09/05/
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3244399
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3244399
Y2  - 2019/11/15/20:50:48
KW  - false conviction
KW  - safety
KW  - criminal law
KW  - evidence
KW  - scientific evidence
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Measuring Innocence: How to Think about the Rate of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Norris, Ropert J.
T2  - American Society of Criminology – 75th Annual Meeting
AB  - Despite writings about actual innocence throughout the twentieth century, interest in a rate of wrongful conviction was limited until the modern era, beginning in the 1980s and into the 1990s. Since then, dozens of articles have attempted to calculate wrongful conviction rates, with varying techniques and degrees of plausibility. In this paper, we review and categorize academic works that explore the rate of wrongful conviction in the United States. We describe the authors of these articles as “innocence skeptics,” who deny or downplay the incidence of wrongful convictions, and “innocence believers,” who suggest the rate is nontrivial.  We categorize their approaches to estimation as direct empirical estimates, indirect empirical estimates, and qualitative estimates. Reviewing the strength and weaknesses of existing approaches, we discuss the factors that make estimating a general wrongful conviction rate problematic, and why uncovering such a rate may or may not be important, particularly as it relates to the modern innocence movement.
LA  - en
ST  - Measuring Innocence
UR  - https://online.ucpress.edu/nclr/article/24/4/601/119031/Measuring-InnocenceHow-to-Think-About-the-Rate-of
Y2  - 2019/11/18/19:37:49
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Police union, de Blasio blast Bloomberg over stop-and-frisk apology
AU  - Campanile, Carl
AU  - McCarthy, Craig
AU  - Feis, Aaron
T2  - New York Post
AB  - The Police Benevolent Association slammed former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg over his stunning Sunday apology for his administration’s use of stop-and-frisk — by calling the practic...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/v2GgezMqmHM
DA  - 2019/11/17/T19:40:33+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://nypost.com/2019/11/17/police-union-de-blasio-blast-bloomberg-over-stop-and-frisk-apology/
Y2  - 2019/11/27/21:23:09
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Houston man to get out of prison after court finds he was already detained at time of crime
AU  - Blakinger, Keri
T2  - HoustonChronicle.com
AB  - A Houston man convicted of a Waller County burglary is set to get out of prison after an appeals court found that he couldn’t have committed the crime because he was already being pulled over by police at the time. Adrienne August was sentenced to 20 years behind bars in 2017 based in part on a questionable eyewitness who later admitted he didn’t have his glasses on when he watched a trio of burglars ransack the downstairs apartment at night. It was concerns about the identification process — when police brought three black man to the scene in handcuffs — that brought August’s claims of innocence back into court. Earlier this month, the 14th Court of Appeals overturned his conviction and ordered a new trial. His lawyer said Saturday that a Waller County judge has since agreed to dismiss the case. “I’m sorry it took so long to get to this result, but I’m obviously really happy we got here and so is his family,” said Houston-based defense attorney Mandy Miller. “It’s not that often we get to give good news to families.” Waller County District Attorney Elton Mathis criticized the court’s decision in a statement late Saturday. “While we disagree with the decision of the court of appeals,” he said, “it is of paramount importance that persons accused of a crime are also guaranteed their rights to be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures and improper evidence gathering by law enforcement agents.” The now-overturned conviction stemmed from a 2017 burglary at a Brookshire apartment complex. In the early hours of Jan. 25 that year, a man named Daniel Glover heard glass breaking and looked out the window to see three men carrying bags out of the downstairs apartment. ...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/8mtTFdZIRHk
DA  - 2019/11/16/T06:00:00+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Houston-man-to-get-out-of-prison-after-court-14840885.php
Y2  - 2019/11/27/21:24:19
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Speaking Up About Patient Safety Requires an Observant Questioner and a High Index of Suspicion
AU  - Institute For Safe Medication Practices
T2  - Institute For Safe Medication Practices
DA  - 2019/10/10/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.ismp.org/resources/speaking-about-patient-safety-requires-observant-questioner-and-high-index-suspicion
Y2  - 2019/11/27/21:29:03
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Professional-Patient Boundaries: a National Survey of Primary Care Physicians’ Attitudes and Practices
AU  - Reyes Nieva, Harry
AU  - Ruan, Elise
AU  - Schiff, Gordon D.
T2  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
AB  - BackgroundThe essence of humanism in medicine and health care is relationships—caring relationships between clinicians and patients. While raising concerns regarding professional-patient boundaries has positively contributed to our understanding and prevention of potentially harmful boundary violations, there is controversy about which types of relationships, caring acts, and practices are acceptable versus cross boundary lines.ObjectiveTo examine primary care physicians’ practices and attitudes regarding acts that have been questioned as potentially “inappropriate” or “unethical” crossing of professional-patient boundaries.DesignSurveys conducted via in-person polling or electronic and mailed paper submissions from April 2016 to July 2017. We calculated descriptive statistics and examined associations with practices and attitudes using logistic regression.ParticipantsRandom sample of all US primary care physicians who treat adult patients; convenience sample of attendees at medicine grand rounds presentations.Main MeasuresOutcomes were self-reported practices and attitudes related to giving patients rides home, paying for patients’ medication, helping patients find jobs, employing patients, going to dinner with patients, and providing care to personal friends.Key ResultsAmong 1563 total respondents, 34% had given a ride home, 34% had paid for medications, 15% helped patients find a job, 7% had employed a patient, 10% had dinner with patients, and 59% provided care to personal friends. A majority disapproved of dinner with a patient (75%) but approved of or were neutral on all other scenarios (61–90%).ConclusionsThe medical profession is quite divided on questions related to drawing lines about appropriate boundaries. Contrary to official and widespread proscriptions against such practices (with exception of dinner dates), many have actually engaged in such practices and the majority found them acceptable.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/SApLj3d45Tg
DA  - 2019/11/21/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1007/s11606-019-05543-0
DP  - Springer Link
J2  - J GEN INTERN MED
LA  - en
SN  - 1525-1497
ST  - Professional-Patient Boundaries
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05543-0
Y2  - 2019/11/27/21:35:02
KW  - ethics
KW  - doctor-patient relationships
KW  - primary care
KW  - professionalism
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Crossing Bouderies - Violation of Obligation
AU  - Schiff, Gordon D.
T2  - JAMA
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/SApLj3d45Tg
DA  - 2013/09/23/
PY  - 2013
VL  - 310
IS  - 12
SP  - 1233
EP  - 34
UR  - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1741827
Y2  - 2019/11/27/21:37:23
L2  - https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=forums&srcid=MDk0MzA0MTUzMDM5MDU3MjUwODkBMTc4NjI5MzMwMjgyODI2MzA3MjEBeFQwcGFxYVhCZ0FKATAuMwEBdjI&authuser=0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation
AU  - Kuran, Timur
AU  - Sunstein, Cass R.
T2  - Stanford Law Review
DA  - 1998///1999
PY  - 1998
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 4
SP  - 683
EP  - 768
J2  - Stan. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/stflr51&i=695
Y2  - 2019/11/29/19:15:39
N1  - <p>From Papacristos, Fagan Meares 2007</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Scholars who study what we have referred to as "policy cascades"<br />caution, however, that policy generated in this way can be undesirable or<br />even counterproductive (Kuran & Sunstein 1998:742). Although Kuran and<br />Sunstein discuss risk regulation generally, Richard Lempert (1984) has made<br />a similar point with reference to a policy initiative in the criminal contextmandatory<br />arrest as a response to domestic assaults. Lempert praises the<br />Sherman and Berk (1984) study that drew so much media attention at the<br />time by explaining its strong merit as a social science study. But, he notes that<br />the work clearly led to the premature and possibly unwarranted adoption of<br />either mandatory arrest policies or substantial increases in the level of<br />domestic violence arrests in several jurisdictions. Lempert highlights the real<br />risks of negative consequences that follow generalizing from a single (even<br />very well done) investigation. He notes, "[t]he general point is that the<br />effects of an intervention may depend on the characteristics of the system in<br />which it is embedded" (Lempert 1984:507).7</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Career Motivations of State Prosecutors
AU  - Wright, Ronald
AU  - Levin, Kay
T2  - The George Washington Law Review
AB  - Because state prosecutors in the United States typically work in local offices, reformers often surmise that greater coordination within and among those offices will promote sound prosecution practices across the board. Real transformation, however, requires commitment not only from elected chief prosecutors but also from line prosecutors—the attorneys who handle the daily caseloads of the office. When these individuals’ amenability to reform goals and sense of professional identity is at odds with the leadership, the success and sustainability of reforms may be at risk.

To better understand this group of criminal justice professionals and their power to influence system reforms, we set out to learn what motivates state prosecutors to do their work. Using original interview data from more than 260 prosecutors in nine different offices, we identify four principal career motivations for working state prosecutors: (1) reinforcing one’s core absolutist identity, (2) gaining trial skills, (3) performing a valuable public service, and (4) sustaining a work-life balance. However, only two of these motivations—fulfilling one’s core identity and serving the public—are acceptable for applicants to voice in the hiring context, even in offices that employ a significant number of former defense attorneys. From this finding we offer a cautionary tale to job applicants as well as to office leaders, particularly chief prosecutors who want to reform office practices and to make those changes stick.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/FEvCPTzwxqk
DA  - 2018/12/16/
PY  - 2018
VL  - 86
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.gwlr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/86-Geo.-Wash.-L.-Rev.-1667.pdf
Y2  - 2019/12/06/19:21:32
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How This Con Man’s Wild Testimony Sent Dozens to Jail, and 4 to Death Row
AU  - Colloff, Pamela
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Paul Skalnik is a grifter and criminal. Now a man may be executed because of his dubious testimony. Why did prosecutors rely on him as an informant?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/bgHseWbgMRg
DA  - 2019/12/04/T07:17:38-05:00
PY  - 2019
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/04/magazine/jailhouse-informant.html
Y2  - 2019/12/06/19:48:31
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Informers
KW  - Crime and Criminals
KW  - Boggio, Shelly (d 1985)
KW  - Capital Punishment
KW  - Dailey, James Milton
KW  - Florida
KW  - Halliday, John
KW  - Parker, Karen (Sexual Assault Victim)
KW  - Pearcy, Jack (May 1985 Murder)
KW  - Skalnik, Paul
KW  - Witnesses
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How to Think about Criminal Court Reform
AU  - Feeley, Malcolm
T2  - Boston University Law Review
DA  - 2018/05/01/
PY  - 2018
VL  - 98
SP  - 673
UR  - https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/2994
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can We Learn from Prosecutor Misconduct?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - At least one federal judge has argued that violations of the Brady v. Maryland rule requiring prosecutors to disclose evidence favorable to the defense are “epidemic.”  But we should be thinking about how to prevent such miscarriages of justice, rather than just punishing them, writes TCR’s legal columnist.
DA  - 2019/12/09/T15:20:00+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/12/09/can-we-learn-from-prosecutor-misconduct/
Y2  - 2019/12/09/20:49:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘Scot-Free’: What Happens When Prosecutors Behave Badly - Law360
AU  - Bayles, Cara
T2  - Law 360
AB  - Prosecutors are rarely held accountable for bad behavior, even after a court finds misconduct. But that could change in some states, as efforts to improve oversight and self-regulation gain traction.

https://www.law360.com/articles/1225699
DA  - 2019/12/08/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
ST  - ‘Scot-Free’
UR  - https://www.law360.com/articles/1225699/scot-free-what-happens-when-prosecutors-behave-badly
Y2  - 2019/12/09/20:53:51
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The COMPSTAT paradigm: Management accountability in policing, business, and the public sector
AU  - Henry, V. E.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
PB  - Looseleaf Law
SN  - 978-1-889031-15-6
N1  - <p>This book, written by a former New York City Police Department (NYPD) sergeant, presents an overview of CompStat, with sections focusing on its history, theory, process, technology, and adoptions/future applications.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sizing up Compstat: An important administrative innovation in policing
AU  - Moore, M. H.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 469
EP  - 494
N1  - <p>In this essay, the author explores key questions related to CompStat. These include defining what precisely CompStat is, examining if it’s a novel and/or strategic practice, exploring why it propagated so rapidly, identifying what makes it authoritative organizationally, questioning if it helps advance or suppress innovation, assessing if it increases the ability of police to decrease crime, and probing whether reducing crime equates to increasing a police department’s “public value.”</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Compstat: Its origins, evolution, and future in law enforcement agencies
AU  - Police Executive Research Forum
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Assistance
SN  - 978-1-934485-23-1
N1  - <p>Informed by a survey, executive session, and fieldwork, this paper describes the development of CompStat, implementation challenges and strategies for success, and future directions for the tool and its continued expansion.</p>
N1  - <p>Informed by a survey, executive session, and fieldwork, this paper describes the development of CompStat, implementation challenges and strategies for success, and future directions for the tool and its continued expansion.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The turnaround: How America’s top cop reversed the crime epidemic
AU  - Bratton, W.
AU  - Knobler, P.
CY  - New York
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
PB  - Random House
SN  - 978-0-679-45251-5
N1  - <p>This autobiographical book on CompStat’s creator, New York Police Department Commissioner, William Bratton, describes Bratton’s journey to developing CompStat, and a firsthand witnessing of its original implementation and impacts.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The crime fighter: How you can make your community crime free
AU  - Maple, J.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
PB  - Broadway Books
SN  - 978-0-7679-0554-1
N1  - <p>This autobiographical book on CompStat’s co-creator, New York Police Department Deputy Commissioner, Jack Maple, describes Maple’s experiences addressing crime throughout his career, how this informed the creation of CompStat, and his observations of CompStat’s successes as a crime-reduction tool.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Analyzing crime patterns: Frontiers of practice
T2  - The New York Police Department COMPSTAT process: Mapping for analysis, evaluation, and accountability
A2  - McGuire, P. G.
CY  - Thousand Oaks, CA
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
SP  - 11
EP  - 22
PB  - SAGE
SN  - 978-0-7619-1940-7
N1  - <p>This chapter describes the genesis, process, tools, implementation, and impacts of NYPD’s CompStat. It further discusses how, with programmatic assistance from the Vera Institute of Justice, NYPD developed and integrated mapping software—now a central component of CompStat—into their performance management process.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Crime: Public policies for crime control
T2  - Fair and effective policing
A2  - Sherman, L. W.
CY  - Oakland, CA
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 383
EP  - 412
PB  - ICS Press
SN  - 978-1-55815-509-1
N1  - <p>This chapter describes CompStat as a quickly expanded system for police management accountability. Producing crime maps generated by relatively young crime mapping softwares, coupled with related conversations. Computing power and speed are credited for making CompStat an emerging practice and crime statistics available quickly enough to inform deployment decisions. The chapter also discusses novel ways data were originally presented, the history, expansion outside of New York City, and impact on increasing arrests.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - NYPD battles crime: Innovative strategies in policing
AU  - Silverman, E. B.
CY  - New York
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
PB  - Northeastern
SN  - 978-1-55553-401-1
N1  - <p>This book draws upon qualitative data to describe how CompStat’s innovative approach to management, technology, data, problem-solving, and proactive policing enabled the New York Police Department to address rising crime rates in the 1990s.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Performance management in police agencies: A conceptual framework
AU  - Shane, J. M.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 6
EP  - 29
N1  - <p>Informed by the author’s twenty years of experience with the Newark (NJ) Police Department, this paper seeks to define and advance a “rational-technical” organizational performance management framework. The article describes CompStat as a notable effort to propagate and institutionalize progress in policing, while also offering comment that it fortifies historical police hierarchical and bureaucratic conventions that may need to be disrupted to incentivize different metrics to support the desired outcomes.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Compstat and bureaucracy: A case study of challenges and opportunities for change
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Weisburd, D.
T2  - Justice Quarterly
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 463
EP  - 496
N1  - <p>Through the application of Weber’s theory of bureaucracy and a case study conducted in the Lowell Massachusetts Police Department, this paper explores the degree to which each of CompStat’s intended goals is achieved through program implementation.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making sense of COMPSTAT: A theory-based analysis of organizational change in three police departments
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Weisburd, D.
T2  - Law & Society Review
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 188
N1  - <p>Informed by case studies conducted in three police agencies, this paper assesses the degree to which CompStat implementation alters policing organizations. Researchers found that institutional theories (i.e., cultural and environmental factors influence organizations) better explain the types of changes brought forth by CompStat than the technical theories (i.e., rational and structural factors influence organizations).</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police performance management in practice: Taking Compstat to the next level
AU  - Bratton, W. J.
AU  - Malinowski, S. W.
T2  - Policing
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 259
EP  - 265
N1  - <p>This article summarizes the implementation and impact of CompStat in New York City and Los Angeles. The authors describe CompStat’s role in shifting the culture, particularly in New York City, from one focused on controlling police corruption and 911 response times to expanding the role of police in preventing crime. CompStat is described as “focusing on accurate timely intelligence, rapid deployment, effective tactics and relentless follow-up” and is credited for achieving significant reductions in crime.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An evaluation of Compstat’s effect on crime: The Fort Worth experience
AU  - Jang, H.
AU  - Hoover, L. T.
AU  - Joo, H. J.
T2  - Police Quarterly
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 387
EP  - 412
N1  - <p>This article uses time-series analysis to examine CompStat’s impact on broken windows policing and serious crime rates in Fort Worth, Texas, from 1995 to2006 and unveils mixed results.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring and improving police performance: The lessons of Compstat and its progeny
AU  - Moore, M. H.
AU  - Braga, A. A.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 439
EP  - 453
N1  - <p>This article uses the original New York City Police Department (NYPD) CompStat approach and several adoptions as a model to better understand, measure, and improve police performance. Using findings from the NYPD’s CompStat implementation and six Community Oriented Policing Service Office case studies, the authors argue that enhanced accountability requires that police performance management practices go beyond traditional indicators of crime and enforcement to include measures that support and engage community concerns and problem solving.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Law enforcement tech guide for creating performance measures that work: A guide for executives and managers
AU  - Roberts, D. J.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
N1  - <p>This guide seeks to help define Integrated Performance Management in law enforcement and to present the core components, along with tactics for monitoring and reporting. The guide is intended to be implemented organization-wide, but aims to be adaptable for individuals and/or specific projects. As one of four guides in a series, it is designed to inform technological aspects and to supplement companion as well as pre-existing resources.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Compstat and organizational change: A national assessment
AU  - Weisburd, D.
AU  - Greenspan, R.
AU  - Mastrofski, S.
AU  - Willis, J. J.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice
N1  - <p>This report explores the topic of CompStat implementation across United States police agencies, with an emphasis on widespread adoption, adaptations, strengths, and challenges. Results are informed by a national survey (n=530), site visits (n=15), and process evaluations (n=3).</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The growth of Compstat in American policing
AU  - Weisburd, D.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Greenspan, R.
AU  - Willis, J. J.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
PB  - Police Foundation
N1  - <p>This article presents the findings of a large survey of United States police agencies (n=530), on the topic of CompStat implementation. Results reveal that the CompStat program is widespread, especially in large, southern, and western agencies, as well as those that are highly committed to decreasing serious crime and strengthening management accountability, and/or minimally motivated to improve officer morale or skill development.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reforming to preserve: Compstat and strategic problem solving in American policing
AU  - Weisburd, D.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - McNally, A. M.
AU  - Greenspan, R.
AU  - Willis, J. J.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 421
EP  - 456
N1  - <p>Informed by a national survey of police agencies (n=503), this article explores rationales for implementing CompStat, It finds that while CompStat is intended to strengthen internal problem-solving, it is most often implemented to modernize and reinforce traditional police agency bureaucracies.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Compstat in practice: An in-depth analysis of three cities
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Weisburd, D.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
PB  - Police Foundation
SN  - 978-1-884614-20-0
N1  - <p>This report examines the history of CompStat in New York City, describes its successes, and highlights some criticisms. With this discussion as background, the report then focuses on CompStat’s implementation as an organizational change program in a smaller jurisdiction, Lowell (MA), and presents related opportunities and challenges that surfaced there so to understand CompStat’s impact and implications on the field more broadly.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Performance measures for the criminal justice system
AU  - DiIulio, J. J.
AU  - Alpert, G. P.
AU  - Moore, M. H.
T2  - Measuring police performance in the new paradigm of policing
A2  - Alpert, G. P.|Moore, M. H.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
SP  - 109
EP  - 142
PB  - Bureau of Justice Statistics-Princeton Project
N1  - <p>This chapter describes how an exclusive emphasis on traditional police performance measures—such as those featured in CompStat (e.g., crime, clearances, and arrests)—can misguide police agencies, and how modern policing philosophies necessitate integrating more community-centric measures.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The crime numbers game: Management by manipulation
AU  - Eterno, J. A.
AU  - Silverman, E. B.
CY  - Boca Raton, FL
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-4398-1031-6
N1  - <p>Through the example of the New York City Police Department’s (NYPD) CompStat and analysis of diverse data (e.g., surveys, interviews, victim reports, public health, audio, and legal documents), this book describes how performance management data can be manipulated, and relatedly harm perceptions of transparency and incentivize enforcement for low-level offenses.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The New York City Police Department’s Compstat: Dream or nightmare?
AU  - Eterno, J. A.
AU  - Silverman, E. B.
T2  - International Journal of Police Science & Management
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 218
EP  - 231
N1  - <p>This article describes CompStat’s process and related strengths but primarily focuses on “weaknesses,” noting that these have been less thoroughly explored. The challenges considered relate to due process, community relations, leadership, and insufficient problem solving. The authors assert that proper attention to these features, augmenting community policing and CompStat, can enhance public safety. The findings were generated from the authors’ experiences with CompStat as NYPD personnel.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Measuring what matters: Proceedings from the Policing Research Institute meetings.
AU  - National Institue of Justice
CY  - Washington D.C.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
SP  - 224
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/170610.pdf
N1  - <p>This compendium details a set of conversations sponsored by the National Institute of Justice and Community Oriented Policing Services Office to develop a Policing Research Institute with a focus on “measuring what matters” in the context of community policing. The Institute consisted of three meetings, each accompanied by a set of discussion papers authored by practitioners and scholars. The compendium includes these papers as well as meeting overviews.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The challenge of crime: Rethinking our response
AU  - Ruth, H. S.
AU  - Reitz, K. R.
CY  - Cambridge, MA
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
PB  - Harvard Univ. Press
SN  - 978-0-674-00891-5
N1  - <p>This book includes a brief historical overview of CompStat and description of how it serves as a management platform. The “dangers” of CompStat are described as more “aggressive policing” in New York City resulting in dramatic increases of stops and arrests of young minorities. The authors recommend an accountability framework that “heavily weights” civilian satisfaction and safety ratings and encourages a broader set of goals that incorporates and incentivizes such measures.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The meaning of Compstat: Analysis and response
AU  - Walsh, W. F.
AU  - Vito, G. F.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 51
EP  - 69
N1  - <p>This paper summarizes some of the major critiques of CompStat, namely its failure to incorporate community policing into its strategic management model. The authors then provide examples to demonstrate that CompStat was not originally designed with the goal of enhancing community policing, but conclude that it is possible to integrate these values into the model.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The NYPD’s Compstat: Compare statistics or compose statistics?
AU  - Eterno, J. A.
AU  - Silverman, E. B.
T2  - International Journal of Police Science & Management
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 426
EP  - 449
N1  - <p>This article summarizes findings from a survey the researchers administered to retired NYPD captains. The researchers present results indicating significant differences in pressures from leadership to reduce index crime between captains who served during the CompStat era compared to those who served prior to its implementation. The researchers describe their concerns with these findings in that they fear this pressure may result in tampering with and/or suppressing crime data.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Compstat: The manager’s perspective
AU  - Vito, G. F.
AU  - Walsh, W. F.
AU  - Kunselman, J.
T2  - International Journal of Political Science & Management
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
SP  - 187
EP  - 196
N1  - <p>This article presents the findings from a content analysis of forty-seven police managers’ written statements regarding CompStat’s strengths (e.g., accountability), weaknesses (e.g., incentivizing arrests), and implementation feasibility.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Compstat: An analysis of an emerging police managerial paradigm
AU  - Walsh, W. F.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 347
EP  - 362
N1  - <p>This paper describes the progression of police management philosophies throughout history, and situates the development and widespread implementation of CompStat within that.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Towards the unification of policing innovations under community policing
AU  - Schneider, M. C.
AU  - Chapman, R.
AU  - Schapiro, A.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
SP  - 694
EP  - 718
N1  - <p>This paper describes how modern policing strategies, including CompStat, can be integrated with community policing, particularly through an emphasis on accountability, partnership building, and community input.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Leveraging CompStat to include community measures in police performance management: Perspectives from the field. 2015-CK-WX-K013
AU  - Shah, Susan
AU  - Burch, Jim
AU  - Neusteter, Rebecca
T2  - Perspectives from the Field
CY  - New York, NY
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
SP  - 74
PB  - Vera Institute of Justice
UR  - https://www.compstat360.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Leveraging_CompStat.pdf
N1  - <p>This series of white papers, commissioned by the Vera Institute of Justice and Police Foundation, and written by leading researchers and practitioners, presents strategies for integrating community policing principles into a modernized CompStat, primarily by including diverse community perspectives and metrics.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing police legitimacy by integrating Compstat and community policing
AU  - Willis, J. J.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
SP  - 654
EP  - 673
N1  - <p>This paper argues that to achieve the goal of police legitimacy, CompStat and community policing must work in tandem, such that the community’s expressed public safety goals are achieved through policing processes that they endorse.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recommendations for integrating Compstat and community policing
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Kochel, T. R.
T2  - Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
SP  - 182
EP  - 193
N1  - <p>The authors of this piece sought to provide recommendations to the field for integrating CompStat and community policing, two of the leading contemporary practices to advance policing in the United States and abroad. The authors describe the lack of attention that has been paid to integrate these practices and developed four recommendations as a result of findings from a survey administered to the field and conducting fieldwork on-site with seven departments.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Maximizing the benefits of reform: Integrating Compstat and community policing in America
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Kochel, T. R.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Community Oriented Policing
N1  - <p>This Office of Community Oriented Policing Services report provides guidance on how to integrate CompStat and community policing in tandem to advance reforms associated with both approaches and to avoid one approach undermining or conflicting with the benefits of the other. The recommendations provided emerge from results of extensive research involving a survey, interviews, and on-site field work with seven police departments.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The co-implementation of Compstat and community policing
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Kochel, T. R.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 38
SP  - 969
EP  - 990
N1  - <p>This article presents study results examining police departments that implemented both CompStat and community policing. The researchers administered a survey to US police departments and conducted fieldwork in seven sites. The findings support hypotheses that the efforts have often been pursued independently and can be at odds. Implementation of both models as well as their similarities and differences are discussed along with recommendations encouraging co-implementation in future adaptations.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Compstat and organizational change in the Lowell Police Department: Challenges and opportunities
AU  - Willis, J. J.
AU  - Mastrofski, S. D.
AU  - Mastrofski, D.
AU  - Greenspan, D.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
PB  - Police Foundation
SN  - 978-1-884614-19-4
N1  - <p>Through a review of several key criticisms and endorsements of CompStat, this paper suggests that CompStat was developed solely to serve police managerial purposes, not to drastically reform the field or encourage community policing.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The seven big errors of PerformanceStat
AU  - Behn, R. D.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/rappaport/files/performancestat.pdf
N1  - <p>This policy brief describes seven common errors in PerformanceStat (i.e., CompStat adoptions across various governmental sectors). The sever errors generally include a lack of purpose, responsibility, meeting regularity, authority, structure, analytic staff, follow-up, and balance.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Reinventing American criminal justice: Crime and justice
T2  - Reinventing community corrections
A2  - Cullen, F. T.|Jonson, C. L.|Mears, D. P.
CY  - Chicago
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 46
SP  - 27
EP  - 93
PB  - The Univ. of Chicago Press
SN  - 978-0-226-48940-7
N1  - <p>This chapter discusses CompStat’s adoptions to other areas of criminal justice. Primarily discussed here is the New York City Department of Probation’s Statistical, Tracking, Analysis and Reporting System (STARS). STARS focuses on the progress of individuals on probation, with special attention on re-arrests. Like CompStat, STARS involves monthly manager meetings, in which trends are examined geographically and decisions regarding future activities are discussed.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Performance-based management for police organizations
AU  - O’Connell, P. E.
AU  - Straub, F.
CY  - Long Grove, IL
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Waveland Press
SN  - 978-1-57766-500-7
N1  - <p>This book describes adoptions to CompStat, including systemwide approaches in an entire municipality through CitiStat and through a Citywide Accountability Program via CapStat. It also includes a detailed overview and reporting format using the data and reporting template from White Plains, New York.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Community-based indicators of police performance: Introducing the platform’s public satisfaction survey
AU  - Rosenbaum, D. P
AU  - Schuck, A. M.
AU  - Lawrence, D.
AU  - Hartnett, S.
AU  - McDevitt, J.
AU  - Posick, C.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - National Institute of Justice, Nation Police Research Platform
N1  - <p>This report describes the National Police Research Platform and its Public Satisfaction Survey. Results from the survey validation efforts are presented. The authors assert that preliminary findings reveal it is a tool that can effectively integrate community input and satisfaction into police performance management and that streamlining the survey through an automated process is promising.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring procedural justice and legitimacy at the local level: The police–community interaction survey
AU  - Rosenbaum, D. P.
AU  - Lawrence, D. S.
AU  - Hartnett, S. M.
AU  - McDevitt, J.
AU  - Posick, C.
T2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 335
EP  - 366
N1  - <p>This article describes the National Police Research Platform’s Police-Citizen Interaction (PCI) survey and three evaluations of it that sought to validate, test electronic administration, and whether respondent characteristics differed between electronic or telephone modalities. The studies’ findings suggest that it reliably measures police-citizen interactions and that modality didn’t affect representativeness or participation rates. The need to integrate citizen feedback into CompStat and other police performance measurement frameworks is also discussed.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From measurement to management: Breaking through the barriers to state and local performance
AU  - Sanger, M. B.
T2  - Public Administration Review
DA  - 2008/12//
PY  - 2008
SP  - S70
EP  - S85
N1  - <p>This article examines strategies to improve government performance through improved measurement and management practices. CompStat is described as a catalyst to transform municipal and state performance measurement and management efforts, exemplifying Baltimore’s comprehensive CitiStat program that under the then Mayor Martin O’Malley was implemented as top-down management approach to examine performance of all city agencies. CompStat and now CitiStat models are prolific throughout all avenues of local and state government.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moving, moving, moving: Technology helps officers keep traffic moving in New York City
AU  - Spagnoli, L.
T2  - Law Enforcement Technology
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 34
IS  - 10
SP  - 98
EP  - 100
N1  - <p>This paper describes the New York Police Department’s “Traffic Stat” program, which applies CompStat’s principles of data driven problem-solving to manage traffic flow and safety across the city.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rethinking the CompStat process to enhance problem-solving responses: Insights from a randomized field experiment
AU  - Bond, B. J.
AU  - Braga, A. A.
T2  - Police Practice and Research
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 22
EP  - 35
N1  - <p>This paper summarizes one of the few randomized CompStat field experiments. The study was conducted in Lowell, Massachusetts. The research compared “problem-solving meetings” to CompStat. The findings revealed more creative responses and greater public safety improvements from the “problem-solving meetings” than achieved through CompStat. Analyses of the qualitative data suggest the variances relate to subtleties in the format/structure of the meetings, which could be integrated into CompStat to enhance results.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Implementing an agency-level performance measurement system: A guide for law enforcement executives
AU  - Milligan, S. O.
AU  - Fridell, L. A.
AU  - Taylor, B. G.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
PB  - U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Police Executive Research Forum
N1  - <p>This guide and associated resources, developed by the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), establishes a unique measurement system that focuses on a broader set of activities beyond those traditionally measured or captured in CompStat. Three components comprise the PERF Measures: performance expectations, measures, and accountability structures. Each is divided into several outcomes. The guide was informed by practices in the Lowell, Massachusetts, and was piloted with Prince William County, Virginia.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Recognizing value in policing: The challenge of measuring police performance
AU  - Moore, M. H.
AU  - Thatcher, D.
AU  - Dodge, A.
AU  - Moore, T.
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
PB  - Police Executive Research Forum
N1  - <p>This monograph is a primer for police performance management and has been included in the Police Executive Research Forum’s Senior Management Institute for Police. Challenges in measuring police performance and an examination of CompStat, with its use as a system to promote management control and accountability are discussed. The authors describe needing to borrow from performance management for-profit business to develop a “balanced scorecard” to encourage long-term progress and sustainability.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CompStat360 Research and Development
AU  - Police Foundation and Vera Institute of Justice
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.compstat360.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CompStat360_Research-Development.pdf
N1  - <p>This report by the Vera Institute of Justice and Police Foundation presents a synthesis of research on the traditional CompStat approach, existing gaps and needs in the realm of police performance management, and a new theoretical model for a modernized and contextualized tool: CompStat360.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring performance in a modern police organization
AU  - Sparrow, M. K.
T2  - Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
SP  - 17
EP  - 52
UR  - https://www.addletonacademicpublishers.com/search-in-pihrm/2493-measuring-performance-in-a-modern-police-organization
N1  - <p>This paper discusses American policing’s persistent focus since the mid-1990s to decrease reported crime, which resulted in increases in aggressive policing and arrests. Current focus has expanded beyond crime control to include constitutionality, discrimination, use of force, and enhancing community-police relations. These factors have taken on a new sense of importance in the performance management and CompStat processes, with an expanded focus on customer service and preventing crime statistic manipulation.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - How To Destroy Your Organisation's Safety Culture
AU  - Aerossurance
T2  - Aerossurance
AB  - Building a strong, positive safety culture takes deliberate, concerted and continual effort. Destroying a safety culture is a lot easier...
DA  - 2014/10/06/
PY  - 2014
LA  - en-US
UR  - http://aerossurance.com/helicopters/destroy-safety-culture/
Y2  - 2019/12/27/19:09:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyone Safety Managemenet
AU  - Evans, Andy
T2  - Aeerosafty World
DA  - 2008/05//
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://flightsafety.org/asw/may08/asw_may08_p12-17.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The study of information flow: A personal journey
AU  - Westrum, Ron
T2  - Safety Science
AB  - Information flow has been shown to be a key variable in system safety. Not only is information flow vital to the organization’s “nervous system,”... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
DA  - 2014/08//
PY  - 2014
VL  - 67
SP  - 58
EP  - 63
LA  - en
ST  - (PDF) The study of information flow
UR  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261186680_The_study_of_information_flow_A_personal_journey
Y2  - 2019/12/27/19:28:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Compensation Statutes and Post-Exoneration Offending Criminology
AU  - Mandery, Evan J.
AU  - Shlosberg, Amy
AU  - West, Valerie
AU  - Callaghan, Bennett
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 2
SP  - 553
EP  - 584
J2  - J. Crim. L. & Criminology
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/jclc103&i=573
Y2  - 2019/12/27/20:12:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police Manipulations of Crime Reporting: Insiders’ Revelations
AU  - Eterno, John A.
AU  - Verma, Arvind
AU  - Silverman, Eli B.
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - Social scientists have theorized about the corruption of crime reports (Bayley, 1983; Campbell, 1976). Yet, scant empirical research has examined the impact of modern policing methods on the accuracy of crime reporting. Our research uses an anonymous survey of 1,770 retired New York City police officers examining retirees’ experiences with crime report manipulations across their years of retirement. This includes retirees from the community policing as well as police performance management eras. We subject the data to various statistical tests including tabular analysis, graphical trends to visualize the data, MANOVA, and logistic regression to explain report manipulations. Results indicate that the misuse of the performance management system and pressures on officers from management are key explanations for manipulating crime reports. Individual explanatory variables such as gender, educational status, rank, race, and marital status had no effect. Our research supports Bayley’s and Campbell’s theories. We recommend greater transparency to remedy this.
DA  - 2016/07/28/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1080/07418825.2014.980838
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - 811
EP  - 835
SN  - 0741-8825
ST  - Police Manipulations of Crime Reporting
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2014.980838
Y2  - 2019/12/27/20:34:42
KW  - NYPD
KW  - crime rates
KW  - COMPSTAT
KW  - crime statistics
KW  - performance management
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Corruption and Fraud in Policing
AU  - Eterno, John A.
AU  - Silverman, Eli B.
T2  - Fraud and Corruption: Major Types, Prevention, and Control
A2  - Kratcoski, Peter C.
A2  - Edelbacher, Maximilian
AB  - In democratic society the police are part of the executive branch. As such, the police are checked and balanced in their power by the judicial and legislative branches. While this helps to minimize corruption, we find that corruption not only exists but morphs to deal with any control mechanisms. We demonstrate this through the New York City Police Department. Tracing this department’s history with corruption exemplifies the issues that law enforcement agencies in free society must deal with. Typical acts of corruption, whistleblowers, the police culture, and what can be done about corrupt activity will all be discussed in this chapter. Ultimately, corruption must be controlled for democratic institutions to properly function.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 125
EP  - 137
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-319-92333-8
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92333-8_7
Y2  - 2019/12/27/20:40:09
KW  - Attitude effects
KW  - Checks and balances
KW  - NYPD scandals
KW  - Police culture
KW  - Whistleblowers
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forcible Stops: Police and Citizens Speak Out
AU  - Eterno, John A.
AU  - Barrow, Christine S.
AU  - Silverman, Eli B.
T2  - Public Administration Review
AB  - A recent federal district court decision found that the New York City Police Department engaged in unconstitutional policing. Officers stopped millions of minority young men over the span of several years. Most of those stopped were innocent of any wrongdoing. This article uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to investigate these inequities, examining the views of both the police and those who were stopped. The authors find that pressure on officers emanating from headquarters was responsible for much of the illegal behavior by lower-level officers. Additionally, youth in minority neighborhoods felt mistreated by the police; this led to distrust in the police. The authors suggest solutions to ameliorate this painful episode in police practice. The article concludes with specific recommendations such as reducing management pressure on officers and police developing community partnerships.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1111/puar.12684
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 77
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 192
LA  - en
SN  - 1540-6210
ST  - Forcible Stops
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12684
Y2  - 2019/12/27/20:41:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ethnography and the evocative world of policing (Part II)
AU  - Bacon, Matthew
AU  - Loftus, Bethan
AU  - Rowe, Mike
T2  - Policing and Society
AB  - In our first, of two, special issues of Policing and Society, we reappraised ethnography as a methodology that has made a profound contribution to our understandings of policing. We presented a
series of articles that focused upon police officers and other staff in the police institution, their
working practices and cultures via an ethnographic approach. In this second issue, we do not
repeat our editorial discussion on the enduring value of ethnography. However, it is noteworthy
that in presenting our next set of articles, we sought to broaden our scope to include ethnographic
research conducted with pluralised forms of policing. We also move beyond the Anglo-American
focus of the previous issue in order to explore the conditions of policing in different parts of the
world. Other aims of this issue are to consider policing from the point of view of the policed, and
to reflect on our roles and experiences as policing ethnographers. Together, we hope that these
articles remind us of the potential for ethnographic research to powerfully reveal the unfamiliar, to
unsettle stable images, and attend to questions of perspective.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/hYtRp37YQ7I
DA  - 2019/12/14/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1080/10439463.2019.1701454
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 0
IS  - 0
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 1043-9463
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1701454
Y2  - 2020/01/03/17:40:58
KW  - police
KW  - policing
KW  - Ethnography
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: a population-based, quasi-experimental study
AU  - Bor, Jacob
AU  - Venkataramani, Atheendar S
AU  - Williams, David R
AU  - Tsai, Alexander C
T2  - The Lancet
AB  - Summary
Background
Police kill more than 300 black Americans—at least a quarter of them unarmed—each year in the USA. These events might have spillover effects on the mental health of people not directly affected.
Methods
In this population-based, quasi-experimental study, we combined novel data on police killings with individual-level data from the nationally representative 2013–15 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate the causal impact of police killings of unarmed black Americans on self-reported mental health of other black American adults in the US general population. The primary exposure was the number of police killings of unarmed black Americans occurring in the 3 months prior to the BRFSS interview within the same state. The primary outcome was the number of days in the previous month in which the respondent's mental health was reported as “not good”. We estimated difference-in-differences regression models—adjusting for state-month, month-year, and interview-day fixed effects, as well as age, sex, and educational attainment. We additionally assessed the timing of effects, the specificity of the effects to black Americans, and the robustness of our findings.
Findings
38 993 (weighted sample share 49%) of 103 710 black American respondents were exposed to one or more police killings of unarmed black Americans in their state of residence in the 3 months prior to the survey. Each additional police killing of an unarmed black American was associated with 0·14 additional poor mental health days (95% CI 0·07–0·22; p=0·00047) among black American respondents. The largest effects on mental health occurred in the 1–2 months after exposure, with no significant effects estimated for respondents interviewed before police killings (falsification test). Mental health impacts were not observed among white respondents and resulted only from police killings of unarmed black Americans (not unarmed white Americans or armed black Americans).
Interpretation
Police killings of unarmed black Americans have adverse effects on mental health among black American adults in the general population. Programmes should be implemented to decrease the frequency of police killings and to mitigate adverse mental health effects within communities when such killings do occur.
Funding
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and National Institutes of Health.

Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: a population-based, quasi-experimental study.
DA  - 2018/07/28/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31130-9
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 392
IS  - 10144
SP  - 302
EP  - 310
J2  - The Lancet
SN  - 0140-6736
ST  - Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673618311309
Y2  - 2020/01/03/17:46:48
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Do Police Killings of Unarmed Persons Really Have Spillover Effects? Reanalyzing Bor et al.
AU  - Nix, Justin
AU  - Lozada, James
T2  - ResearchGate
AB  - We reevaluate the claim from Bor et al. (2018: 302) that "police killings of unarmed black Americans have effects on mental health among black American adults in the general population." The Mapping Police Violence data used by the authors misclassified 93 incidents involving black decedents who were either (1) not killed by police officers in the line of duty or (2) armed when killed. Correctly recoding these incidents decreased in magnitude all of the reported coefficients, and, more importantly, eliminated the reported statistically significant effect of exposure to police killings of unarmed black individuals on the mental health of black Americans in the general population. We caution researchers to vet carefully crowdsourced data that tracks police behaviors and warn against reducing these complex incidents to overly simplistic armed/unarmed dichotomies.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/oGYVdTFjxoE
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
ST  - (1) (PDF) Do Police Killings of Unarmed Persons Really Have Spillover Effects?
UR  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338297880_Do_Police_Killings_of_Unarmed_Persons_Really_Have_Spillover_Effects_Reanalyzing_Bor_et_al_2018
Y2  - 2020/01/03/17:48:25
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - 2019 Report of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Task Force on Eyewitness Identifications
AU  - Third Circuti Task Force
T2  - Temple Law Review
AB  - The Third Circuit Task Force on Eyewitness Identifications (Task Force) was created, in part, in response to the scientific developments in the field of eyewitness identification and the recognitio...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JzcOlMl-sJI
DA  - 2020/01/05/T03:02:30+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.templelawreview.org/article/2019-report-of-the-united-states-court-of-appeals-for-the-third-circuit-task-force-on-eyewitness-identifications/
Y2  - 2020/01/08/18:57:48
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Va. officer was cleared in fatal shooting of teen, but family’s long legal fight ended in $3.65 million award
AU  - Jakeman, Tom
AU  - nationallyEmailEmailBioBioFollowFollow
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Five years after prosecutors ruled a Loudoun County police slaying justified, evidence at a civil trial contradicted the officer's story and led jurors to find him liable.
DA  - 2020/01/06/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/crime-law/2020/01/06/jury-orders-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-teen-pay-family-million/
Y2  - 2020/01/08/19:00:11
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - How “Dispatch Priming” Can Drive Some Disastrous Shooting Decisions
AU  - Remsberg, Chuck
T2  - Force Science Institute
AB  - A study of a little-explored phenomenon called “dispatch priming” reveals how erroneous information given to officers before they reach a scene can set them up unwittingly for making disastrous...
DA  - 2019/01/08/T23:30+00:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.forcescience.org/2019/01/how-dispatch-priming-can-drive-some-disastrous-shooting-decisions/
Y2  - 2020/01/08/21:37:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reasonableness and Reaction Time
AU  - Blair, J. Pete
AU  - Pollock, Joycelyn
AU  - Montague, Don
AU  - Nichols, Terry
AU  - Curnutt, John
AU  - Burns, David
T2  - Police Quarterly
AB  - When the police use deadly force, their actions are judged by the reasonableness standard. This article seeks to inform the reasonableness standard by examining the ability of police officers to respond to armed suspects. The results of a reaction time experiment are presented. In this experiment, police officers encountered a suspect armed with a gun, pointing down and not at the police officer. The police officer had his gun aimed at the suspect and ordered the suspect to drop the gun. The suspect then either surrendered or attempted to shoot the officer. The speed with which the officer fired if the suspect chose to shoot was assessed. Results suggest that the officers were generally not able to fire before the suspect. Implications for the reasonableness standard and policy are discussed.
DA  - 2011/12/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1177/1098611111423737
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SP  - 323
EP  - 343
J2  - Police Quarterly
LA  - en
SN  - 1098-6111
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611111423737
Y2  - 2020/01/08/21:41:03
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - An Assessment of Deadly Force in the Philadelphia Police Department
AU  - Fachner, George
AU  - Carter, Steven
UR  - https://www.phillypolice.com/assets/directives/cops-w0753-pub.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Police Officer's Dilemma: A Decade of Research on Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot
AU  - Correll, Joshua
AU  - Hudson, Sean M.
AU  - Guillermo, Steffanie
AU  - Ma, Debbie S.
T2  - Social and Personality Psychology Compass
AB  - We review sociological, correlational, and experimental research that examines the effect of a target's race on the decision to shoot. Much of this work involves computer-based simulations of a police encounter, in which a participant must decide whether or not to shoot a potentially hostile target who is either Black or White. Experimental work with undergraduate participants reveals a clear pattern of bias (a tendency to shoot Black targets but not Whites), which is associated with stereotypes linking Blacks with the concept of danger. Subsequent work with police officers presents a more complex pattern. Although police are affected by target race in some respects, they generally do not show a biased pattern of shooting. We suggest that police performance depends on the exercise of cognitive control, which allows officers to overcome the influence of stereotypes, and we conclude with potential implications of this research for law enforcement.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1111/spc3.12099
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
SP  - 201
EP  - 213
LA  - en
SN  - 1751-9004
ST  - The Police Officer's Dilemma
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/spc3.12099
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:23:54
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Field Guide to Understanding 'Human Error'
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - When faced with a ’human error’ problem, you may be tempted to ask 'Why didn’t these people watch out better?' Or, 'How can I get my people more engaged in
DA  - 2017/11/01/
PY  - 2017
DP  - www.taylorfrancis.com
ET  - 3rd
LA  - en
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-315-55817-2
UR  - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315558172
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:25:40
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Reverse Racism Effect
AU  - James, Lois
AU  - James, Stephen M.
AU  - Vila, Bryan J.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary Race-related debates often assume that implicit racial bias will result in racially biased decisions to shoot. Previous research has examined racial bias in police decisions by pressing “shoot” or “don't-shoot” buttons in response to pictures of armed and unarmed suspects. As a result of its lack of external validity, however, this methodology provides limited insight into officer behavior in the field. In response, we conducted the first series of experimental research studies that tested police officers and civilians in strikingly realistic deadly force simulators. Policy Implications This article reports the results of our most recent experiment, which tested 80 police patrol officers by applying this leading edge method. We found that, despite clear evidence of implicit bias against Black suspects, officers were slower to shoot armed Black suspects than armed White suspects, and they were less likely to shoot unarmed Black suspects than unarmed White suspects. These findings challenge the assumption that implicit racial bias affects police behavior in deadly encounters with Black suspects.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12187
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 457
EP  - 479
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12187
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:29:48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How prior information and police experience impact decisions to shoot
AU  - Johnson, David J.
AU  - Cesario, Joseph
AU  - Pleskac, Timothy J.
T2  - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
AB  - Social psychologists have relied on computerized shooting tasks to test whether race influences decisions to shoot. These studies reveal that under some conditions untrained individuals shoot unarmed Black men more than unarmed White men. We modeled the decision to shoot as a sequential sampling process in which people start out with prior biases and accumulate evidence over time until a threshold is reached, prompting a decision. We used this approach to test how prior information (a proxy for police dispatch information) and police experience influence racial bias in shooting decisions. When no prior information was given, target race biased the rate at which untrained civilians accumulated evidence, leading to a greater rate of shooting Black targets. For sworn police officers, the race of the target impacted prior bias, but not evidence accumulation. Moreover, officers showed no race bias in the observed decision to shoot. For both untrained civilians and sworn police officers, prior information about a target’s race was sufficient to eliminate racial bias in shooting decisions both at the process and behavioral level. These studies reveal that factors present in real-world shooting decisions (dispatch information and police experience) can moderate the role that race plays both in the underlying cognitive processes and ultimately on the observed decision. We discuss the benefits of using a dynamic cognitive model to understand the decision to shoot and the implications of these results for laboratory analogues of real-world decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1037/pspa0000130
DP  - APA PsycNET
VL  - 115
IS  - 4
SP  - 601
EP  - 623
SN  - 1939-1315(Electronic),0022-3514(Print)
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Test Construction
KW  - Whites
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Legal Evidence
KW  - Police Personnel
KW  - Racial and Ethnic Attitudes
KW  - Social Influences
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Streetlights and Shadows: Searching for the Keys to Adaptive Decision Making
AU  - Klein, Gary A.
AB  - An expert explains how the conventional wisdom about decision making can get us into trouble—and why experience can't be replaced by rules, procedures, or analytical methods.In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we should follow certain guidelines—gather as much information as possible, compare the options, pin down the goals before getting started. But in practice we make some of our best decisions by adapting to circumstances rather than blindly following procedures. In Streetlights and Shadows, Gary Klein debunks the conventional wisdom about how to make decisions. He takes ten commonly accepted claims about decision making and shows that they are better suited for the laboratory than for life. The standard advice works well when everything is clear, but the tough decisions involve shadowy conditions of complexity and ambiguity. Gathering masses of information, for example, works if the information is accurate and complete—but that doesn't often happen in the real world. (Think about the careful risk calculations that led to the downfall of the Wall Street investment houses.) Klein offers more realistic ideas about how to make decisions in real-life settings. He provides many examples—ranging from airline pilots and weather forecasters to sports announcers and Captain Jack Aubrey in Patrick O'Brian's Master and Commander novels—to make his point. All these decision makers saw things that others didn't. They used their expertise to pick up cues and to discern patterns and trends. We can make better decisions, Klein tells us, if we are prepared for complexity and ambiguity and if we will stop expecting the data to tell us everything.
DA  - 2011/09/30/
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 355
LA  - en
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 978-0-262-25834-0
ST  - Streetlights and Shadows
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=9LpipUSwdqwC
KW  - Business & Economics / Management
KW  - Business & Economics / Management Science
KW  - Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior
KW  - Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Race, Crime, and the Micro-Ecology of Deadly Force
AU  - Klinger, David
AU  - Rosenfeld, Richard
AU  - Isom, Daniel
AU  - Deckard, Michael
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary Limitations in data and research on the use of firearms by police officers in the United States preclude sound understanding of the determinants of deadly force in police work. The current study addresses these limitations with detailed case attributes and a microspatial analysis of police shootings in St. Louis, MO, between 2003 and 2012. The results indicate that neither the racial composition of neighborhoods nor their level of economic disadvantage directly increase the frequency of police shootings, whereas levels of violent crime do—but only to a point. Police shootings are less frequent in areas with the highest levels of criminal violence than in those with midlevels of violence. We offer a provisional interpretation of these results and call for replications in other settings. Policy Implications Nationwide replications of the current research will require the establishment of a national database of police shootings. Informative assessments of a single agency's policies and practices require comparative information from other agencies. We recommend specific data elements to be included in such an information system that would shed further empirical light on the interconnections among race, crime, and police use of deadly force. The database also would contribute to the development of evidence-based policies and procedures on deadly force—an urgent public priority in light of recent controversial police shootings across the United States.
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12174
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 193
EP  - 222
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9133.12174
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:35:04
KW  - crime
KW  - police
KW  - race
KW  - deadly force
KW  - ecology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Into the Kill Zone: A Cop's Eye View of Deadly Force
AU  - Klinger, David
AB  - What's it like to have the legal sanction to shoot and kill? This compelling and often startling book answers this, and many other questions about the oft-times violent world inhabited by our nation's police officers. Written by a cop-turned university professor who interviewed scores of officers who have shot people in the course of their duties, Into the Kill Zone presents firsthand accounts of the role that deadly force plays in American police work. This brilliantly written book tells how novice officers are trained to think about and use the power they have over life and death, explains how cops live with the awesome responsibility that comes from the barrels of their guns, reports how officers often hold their fire when they clearly could have shot, presents hair-raising accounts of what it's like to be involved in shoot-outs, and details how shooting someone affects officers who pull the trigger. From academy training to post-shooting reactions, this book tells the compelling story of the role that extreme violence plays in the lives of America's cops.
DA  - 2012/06/26/
PY  - 2012
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 209
LA  - en
PB  - John Wiley & Sons
SN  - 978-1-118-42976-1
ST  - Into the Kill Zone
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=4wyEHBLPSsYC
KW  - Psychology / General
KW  - True Crime / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police officers' perceptual distortions during lethal force situations: Informing the reasonableness standard*
AU  - Klinger, David A.
AU  - Brunson, Rod K.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court held that determinations about the constitutional appropriateness of police force usage—deadly or not—must be “judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.” Although the Court's ruling established a clear standard for judging officers' actions (i.e., the perspective of a reasonable police officer on the scene), we know little about the sorts of factors that might frame the perspective of reasonable police officers during situations in which they apply force. This article presents the results of a study that examined 80 police officers' detailed accounts of how they perceived what transpired during 113 incidents in which they shot citizens. Respondents reported experiencing a wide range of sensory distortions, with the vast majority of officers reporting two or more distinct sorts. This study takes these findings as a point of departure to expand our understanding of what constitutes a reasonable officer's perspective during the tense, uncertain moments during which he or she makes the decision to employ deadly force. Policy Implications Given that officers are likely to experience multiple distortions during shootings, the findings have implications for civilian and police oversight policies. In particular, those responsible for reviewing police shooting incidents should take into consideration that officers' behavior will not always be based on the objective reality of what is occurring at the time they decide to pull the trigger, but rather an altered conception of it. Such an understanding is crucial to improving the image of police in certain communities and positively impacting citizen trust of, and satisfaction with, the police.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00537.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 117
EP  - 140
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9133
ST  - Police officers' perceptual distortions during lethal force situations
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00537.x
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:36:51
KW  - policing
KW  - peritraumatic stress
KW  - reasonableness
KW  - sensory distortions/perceptions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ambushes Leading Cause of Officer Fatalities – When Every Second Counts: Analysis of Officer Movement from Trained Ready Tactical Positions
AU  - Lewinski, William  et al.
T2  - Law Enforcement Executive Forum
AB  - Recently, the threat of ambush assaults to police officers has dangerously increased. These assaults can
occur very rapidly, and to be better prepared to respond, it is important to understand the speed of officer
responses and any advantages officers may gain from various tactical techniques. Therefore, the purpose of
this study was to understand and examine officer movement times from various finger-indexing positions
as well as the speed at which officers can fire their weapons from various starting positions. In the first
experiment, officers (n = 52) fired their weapons from four trained finger-index positions to measure their
time to fire. In the second experiment, officers (n = 68) fired their weapons from various starting, or tactically ready, positions to measure the speed of movement to weapon discharge. Results of Part One showed
that contrary to training, all indexing positions were similar in time to contact the trigger, except indexing
high on the slide. Part Two revealed that point shooting was significantly faster than aimed shooting as well
as that the Low-Ready position was the fastest from which to fire, and the High-Guard ready position was
the slowest. These results may provide analytical and training implications to improve the safety of officers.
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
UR  - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d1a4/83afb7f74f1d151ce2b9ac5f3b8fbdff4d5a.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Police Officer Reaction Time to Start and Stop Shooting: The Influence of Decision-Making and Pattern Recognition
AU  - Science, ByForce
T2  - Force Science Institute
AB  - During firearms instruction and training, law enforcement officers most often shoot one round at a time in response to an auditory signal, while in a controlled and relatively, relaxed setting (Adams, McTernan, & Remsberg, 2009). Conversely, when officers are in a critical, high stress situation with a threatening suspect, they are encouraged to shoot as many rounds as necessary, as quickly as possible, and to continue until the threat stops (Adams et al., 2009; Squires & Kennison, 2010). This type of shooting stems from previous research and experience in the policing field as, oftentimes, unlike common portrayal in movies, threatening suspects are not stopped with only one round fired by officers. This is supported by medical research as it has been found that 64% of gunshot victims with wounds to the chest and abdomen and 36% of those with wounds to the head and neck can survive more than five minutes, some even able to perform strenuous activity and to continue to physically fight (Adams et al., 2009; Levy & Rao, 1988; Newgard, 1992; Spitz, Petty, & Fisher, 1961). These unexpected medical responses occurred in the infamous FBI Miami Shootout in which two suspects who were shot in critical locations, including the spine, lung, and head, were able to continue fighting, killing two FBI agents and wound- ing six more (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 1986) Thus, for the safety of officers and others during dangerous encounters, officers are encouraged to use a continuous and rapid shooting technique until the threat is completely controlled (Adams et al., 2009).
DA  - 2014/08/01/T18:02+00:00
PY  - 2014
LA  - en-US
ST  - Police Officer Reaction Time to Start and Stop Shooting
UR  - https://www.forcescience.org/2014/08/police-officer-reaction-time-to-start-and-stop-shooting-the-influence-of-decision-making-and-pattern-recognition/
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:41:23
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shooting Decisions by Police Firearms Officers
AU  - Mitchell, Lucy
AU  - Flin, Rhona
T2  - Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
AB  - This study is an investigation into whether briefing information, which was heard prior to seeing a firearms incident in a firearms training simulator, affected British police officers' decisions to shoot, as measured by their shooting behavior. Police authorized firearms officers (AFOs) heard either threat or neutral briefing information and then saw a “shoot” (suspect shot at AFO) or “no-shoot” (suspect surrendered without shooting) scenario. AFOs were tested in one of four conditions: threat briefing with shoot scenario, threat briefing with no-shoot scenario, neutral briefing with shoot scenario, or neutral briefing with no-shoot scenario. A postevent questionnaire and the General Decision Making Style (GDMS) questionnaire were completed by the AFOs. Those who had heard the neutral briefing felt more surprised when they saw the suspects than did those who had heard the threat briefing, regardless of which scenario they had seen. However, the briefing type did not affect the time taken to draw and aim the gun at the screen. No shots were fired in the no-shoot scenario, regardless of which briefing the AFOs had received. Differences in preferred decision style were not related to shooting decisions. The results suggest that the briefing information did not influence the AFOs'decisions to shoot, but they attended to cues in the scenario (not identified) and responded accordingly.
DA  - 2007/12/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1518/155534307X264861
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
SP  - 375
EP  - 390
J2  - Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making
LA  - en
SN  - 1555-3434
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1518/155534307X264861
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:42:35
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies - Updated Edition
AU  - Perrow, Charles
AB  - Normal Accidents analyzes the social side of technological risk. Charles Perrow argues that the conventional engineering approach to ensuring safety--building in more warnings and safeguards--fails because systems complexity makes failures inevitable. He asserts that typical precautions, by adding to complexity, may help create new categories of accidents. (At Chernobyl, tests of a new safety system helped produce the meltdown and subsequent fire.) By recognizing two dimensions of risk--complex versus linear interactions, and tight versus loose coupling--this book provides a powerful framework for analyzing risks and the organizations that insist we run them. The first edition fulfilled one reviewer's prediction that it "may mark the beginning of accident research." In the new afterword to this edition Perrow reviews the extensive work on the major accidents of the last fifteen years, including Bhopal, Chernobyl, and the Challenger disaster. The new postscript probes what the author considers to be the "quintessential 'Normal Accident'" of our time: the Y2K computer problem.
DA  - 2011/10/12/
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 462
LA  - en
PB  - Princeton University Press
SN  - 978-1-4008-2849-4
ST  - Normal Accidents
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=g66J6Vzq6EYC
KW  - Technology & Engineering / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - To Shoot or Not to Shoot: An Analysis of Police Officers' Deadly Force Decision-Making Processes
AU  - Pickering, Jordan
T2  - Dissertations
DA  - 2016/08/12/
PY  - 2016
ST  - To Shoot or Not to Shoot
UR  - https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/64
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Enhancing Police Legitimacy by Promoting Safety Culture
AU  - Pickering, Jordan C.
AU  - Klinger, David A.
T2  - The Politics of Policing: Between Force and Legitimacy
T3  - Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance
AB  - Originality/value Our ideas contribute to the policing literature by: (1) highlighting a preexisting body of literature and outlining its application to police organizations and (2) detailing how both the police and the public can benefit from improved police practices.
DA  - 2016/01/01/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Emerald Insight
VL  - 21
SP  - 21
EP  - 39
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
SN  - 978-1-78635-030-5 978-1-78635-029-9
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1521-613620160000021002
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:45:35
KW  - High reliability organizations
KW  - Police
KW  - Safety culture
KW  - Legitimacy
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Heuristics and Biases, Rational Choice, and Sanction Perceptions*
AU  - Pogarsky, Greg
AU  - Roche, Sean Patrick
AU  - Pickett, Justin T.
T2  - Criminology
AB  - The relevance of several cognitive heuristics and related biases for rational choice perspectives on crime, and for perceptions of sanction risk, were investigated. We present findings from a series of randomized experiments, embedded in two nationwide surveys of American adults (18 and older) in 2015 (N = 1,004 and 623). The results reveal that offender estimates of detection risk are less probabilistically precise and more situationally variable than under prevailing criminological perspectives, most notably, rational choice and Bayesian learning theories. This, in turn, allows various decision-making heuristics—such as anchoring and availability—to influence and potentially bias the perceptual updating process.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9125.12129
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
SP  - 85
EP  - 111
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9125
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9125.12129
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:46:24
KW  - deterrence
KW  - decision-making
KW  - cognitive heuristics
KW  - perceived risk
KW  - perceptions of certainty
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - An Integrated Approach to De-Escalation and Minimizing Use of Force
AU  - Police Executive Research Forum
T2  - CRITICAL ISSUES IN POLICING SERIES
AB  - This report summarizes the findings of PERF research on this topic and presentations made at
a PERF Summit in Washington, D.C. in February 2012 on “An Integrated Approach to De-Escalation
and Minimizing Use of Force.” At this one-day
meeting, police chiefs and other experts described
their experiences on issues such as the following:
•	 How “slowing the situation down” and getting a
supervisor to the scene can reduce the chances of
violence;
•	 How Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs) and other
partnerships with mental health officials can
result in more effective handling of encounters
with members of special populations;
•	 Identifying “chronic consumers” of police
resources and helping them to avoid crisis
situations;
•	 Special considerations in dealing with veterans in
crisis;
•	 Avoiding overreliance on weapons, such as Electronic Control Weapons, as opposed to hands-on
tactics and verbal skills;
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.policeforum.org/assets/docs/Critical_Issues_Series/an%20integrated%20approach%20to%20de-escalation%20and%20minimizing%20use%20of%20force%202012.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - In Context: Understanding Police Killings of Unarmed Civilians
AU  - Selby, Nick
AU  - Singleton, Ben
AU  - MS, Ed Flosi
AU  - Bruce, Clint
AU  - Mulvey, Lawrence
A3  - Harley, Alyssa
AB  - Since 2014, the media and the American public have paid more attention than ever to the use of deadly force by American police officers. This accessible book, written in plain English, provides in objective, accurate terms contextually relevant facts on incidents during 2015 in which police officers killed unarmed civilians. It provides reporters, activists, scholars, police administrators, and legislators with high-level analysis to stimulate educated debate. The incidents are described in neutrally written accounts, with analysis and commentary from three perspectives: a police data expert; a veteran street cop and narcotics detective; and an experienced expert witness in the use of force. With chapters by a commissioner of one of America's largest police departments, and a former Navy SEAL officer, the book presents these controversial issues in a new way: fearlessly criticizing the police where warranted, and equally, pointing out where the police acted not just correctly, but honorably.
DA  - 2016/05/03/
PY  - 2016
DP  - Amazon
SP  - 454
LA  - English
PB  - CIAI Press
SN  - 978-0-9801817-0-8
ST  - In Context
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Context-Understanding-Killings-Unarmed-Civilians/dp/0980181704
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Unarmed and Dangerous: Patterns of Threats by Citizens During Deadly Force Encounters with Police
AU  - Shane, Jon
AU  - Swenson, Zoë
AB  - There is tremendous controversy across the United States (and beyond) when a police officer uses deadly force against an unarmed citizen, but often the conversation is devoid of contextual details. These details matter greatly as a matter of law and organizational legitimacy. In this short book, authors Jon Shane and Zoë Swenson offer a comprehensive analysis of the first study to use publicly available data to reveal the context in which an officer used deadly force against an unarmed citizen. Although any police shooting, even a justified shooting, is not a desired outcome—often termed "lawful but awful" in policing circles—it is not necessarily a crime. The results of this study lend support to the notion that being unarmed does not mean "not dangerous," in some ways explaining why most police officers are not indicted when such a shooting occurs. The study’s findings show that when police officers used deadly force during an encounter with an unarmed citizen, the officer or a third person was facing imminent threat of death or serious injury in the vast majority of situations. Moreover, when police officers used force, their actions were almost always consistent with the accepted legal and policy principles that govern law enforcement in the overwhelming proportion of encounters (as measured by indictments). Noting the dearth of official data on the context of police shooting fatalities, Shane and Swenson call for the U.S. government to compile comprehensive data so researchers and practitioners can learn from deadly force encounters and improve practices. They further recommend that future research on police shootings should examine the patterns and micro-interactions between the officer, citizen, and environment in relation to the prevailing law. The unique data and analysis in this book will inform discussions of police use of force for researchers, policymakers, and students involved in criminal justice, public policy, and policing.
DA  - 2018/07/17/
PY  - 2018
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 62
LA  - en
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 978-0-429-81299-6
ST  - Unarmed and Dangerous
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=ijVlDwAAQBAJ
KW  - Social Science / Criminology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Managing the Unexpected: Sustained Performance in a Complex World
AU  - Weick, Karl E.
AU  - Sutcliffe, Kathleen M.
AB  - Improve your company's ability to avoid or manage crises Managing the Unexpected, Third Edition is a thoroughly revised text that offers an updated look at the groundbreaking ideas explored in the first and second editions. Revised to reflect events emblematic of the unique challenges that organizations have faced in recent years, including bank failures, intelligence failures, quality failures, and other organizational misfortunes, often sparked by organizational actions, this critical book focuses on why some organizations are better able to sustain high performance in the face of unanticipated change. High reliability organizations (HROs), including commercial aviation, emergency rooms, aircraft carrier flight operations, and firefighting units, are looked to as models of exceptional organizational preparedness. This essential text explains the development of unexpected events and guides you in improving your organization for more reliable performance. "Expect the unexpected" is a popular mantra for a reason: it's rooted in experience. Since the dawn of civilization, organizations have been rocked by natural disasters, civil unrest, international conflict, and other unexpected crises that impact their ability to function. Understanding how to maintain function when catastrophe strikes is key to keeping your organization afloat.  Explore the many different kinds of unexpected events that your organization may face Consider updated case studies and research Discuss how highly reliable organizations are able to maintain control during unexpected events Discover tactics that may bolster your organization's ability to face the unexpected with confidence  Managing the Unexpected, Third Edition offers updated, valuable content to professionals who want to strengthen the preparedness of their organizations—and confidently face unexpected challenges.
DA  - 2015/09/15/
PY  - 2015
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 227
LA  - en
PB  - John Wiley & Sons
SN  - 978-1-118-86241-4
ST  - Managing the Unexpected
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=ACGsBwAAQBAJ
KW  - Business & Economics / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are Suspects Who Resist Arrest Defiant, Desperate, or Disoriented?
AU  - Whichard, Corey
AU  - Felson, Richard B.
T2  - Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
AB  - Objectives:We examine three reasons why suspects resist arrest: (1) defiance of police authority by suspects from lower-status groups, (2) risky decisions resulting from aversion to sure losses, and (3) impairment due to mental illness and substance use.Methods:We use nationally representative survey data from about 17,000 state and federal inmates who were asked whether they resisted arrest when they committed the crime that led to their incarceration.Results:Suspects? resistance is unrelated to their race/ethnicity, education, or unemployment. On the other hand, suspects are more resistant when they are carrying contraband (e.g., illegal weapons, drugs, stolen property) or are under community supervision (i.e., parolees, probationers, or escapees). Resistance is also positively related to mental illness, illicit drug use, and alcohol intoxication.Conclusions:Our results do not support the idea that resistance is an expression of defiance from lower-status suspects. They are consistent with prospect theory, which argues that decision makers become risk-seeking, when the alternative is to accept a sure loss. Our results suggest that resistant suspects are best understood as either desperate or disoriented decision makers.
DA  - 2016/07/01/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1177/0022427816632571
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 564
EP  - 591
J2  - Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
LA  - en
SN  - 0022-4278
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816632571
Y2  - 2020/01/08/22:59:28
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities, With a New Preface by the Author
AU  - WILSON, James Q.
AB  - The patrolman has the most difficult, complex, and least understood task in the police department. Much less is known of him than of his better publicized colleague, the detective. In this important and timely book, James Q. Wilson describes the patrolman and the problems he faces that arise out of constraints imposed by law, politics, public opinion, and the expectations of superiors.  The study considers how the uniformed officer in eight communities deals with such common offenses as assault, theft, drunkenness, vice, traffic, and disorderly conduct. Six of the communities are in New York State: Albany, Amsterdam, Brighton, Nassau County, Newburgh, and Syracuse. The others are Highland Park, Illinois, and Oakland, California.  Enforcing laws dealing with common offenses is especially difficult because it raises the question of administrative discretion. Murder, in the eyes of the police, is unambiguously wrong, and murderers are accordingly arrested; but in cases such as street-corner scuffles or speeding motorists, the patrolman must decide whether to intervene (should the scuffle be stopped? should the motorist be pulled over?) and, if he does, just how to intervene (by arrest? a warning? an interrogation?). In most large organizations, the lowest-ranking members perform the more routinized tasks and the means of accomplishing these tasks are decided by superiors, but in a police department the lowest-ranking officer--the patrolman--is almost solely responsible for enforcing those laws which are the least precise, the most ambiguous. Three ways or "styles" of policing--the watchman, the legalistic, and the service styles--are analyzed and their relation to local politics is explored.  In the final chapter, Mr. Wilson discusses if and how the patrolman's behavior can be changed and examines some current proposals for reorganizing police departments. He observes that the ability of the patrolman to do his job well may determine our success in managing social conflict and our prospects for maintaining a proper balance between liberty and order.Table of Contents:  1. Introduction 2. THE PATROLMAN The Maintenance of Order Justice as a Constraint Some Organizational Consequences 3. THE POLICE ADMINISTRATOR Managing Discretion Critical Events 4. POLICE DISCRETION The Determinants of Discretion The Eight Communities The Uses of Discretion 5. THE WATCHMAN STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 6. THE LEGALISTIC STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 7. THE SERVICE STYLE The Organizational Context Some Consequences 8. POLITICS AND THE POLICE Politics and the Watchman Style Politics and the Service Style Politics and the Legalistic Style Some Findings from National Data 9. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Reviews of this book: [This book] is a departure from the traditional treatise...and actually does take a large and long-awaited step toward revitalizing an exciting and important but inexcusably weak area of political science.--The American Political Science ReviewReviews of this book: This book "must unquestionably become an indispensable study of politics in the American city. It is based on enormous and detailed research ... The material is presented in a controlled and disciplined no-nonsense style.--New York Review of BooksReviews of this book: This is surely one of the most informative books about the police ever written .... Varieties of Police Behavior is a rich, sophisticated book by an author unusually able to tackle the comprehensiveness and interdependence of the issues which affect police performance, and his analysis and conclusions have much to teach.--Times Literary SupplementIt is, without doubt, the finest book on the American police ever written, and Professor Wilson is one of our best-known scholars of urban affairs...Rich...full to the brim with increasing details and shrewd insight. Anyone who wants to have an informed opinion about the policeman's relations to law and order ought to read it.--Irving Kristol
DA  - 1978///
PY  - 1978
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 332
LA  - en
PB  - Harvard University Press
SN  - 978-0-674-93211-1
ST  - Varieties of Police Behavior
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=Nq1yIutCA-4C
KW  - Political Science / General
KW  - Social Science / Sociology / Urban
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - When Police Kill
AU  - Zimring, Franklin E.
AB  - Deaths of civilians at the hands of on-duty police are in the national spotlight as never before. How many killings by police occur annually? What circumstances provoke police to shoot to kill? Who dies? The lack of answers to these basic questions points to a crisis in American government that urgently requires the attention of policy experts. When Police Kill is a groundbreaking analysis of the use of lethal force by police in the United States and how its death toll can be reduced. Franklin Zimring compiles data from federal records, crowdsourced research, and investigative journalism to provide a comprehensive, fact-based picture of how, when, where, and why police resort to deadly force. Of the 1,100 killings by police in the United States in 2015, he shows, 85 percent were fatal shootings and 95 percent of victims were male. The death rates for African Americans and Native Americans are twice their share of the population. Civilian deaths from shootings and other police actions are vastly higher in the United States than in other developed nations, but American police also confront an unusually high risk of fatal assault. Zimring offers policy prescriptions for how federal, state, and local governments can reduce killings by police without risking the lives of officers. Criminal prosecution of police officers involved in killings is rare and only necessary in extreme cases. But clear administrative rules could save hundreds of lives without endangering police officers.
DA  - 2017/02/20/
PY  - 2017
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 321
LA  - en
PB  - Harvard University Press
SN  - 978-0-674-97218-6
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz1YDgAAQBAJ
KW  - Law / Criminal Law / General
KW  - Social Science / Criminology
KW  - Political Science / Public Policy / General
KW  - Political Science / Law Enforcement
KW  - Law / Government / State, Provincial & Municipal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving Police Use of Force: A Policy Essay on National Data Collection
AU  - Shane, Jon M.
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
AB  - Documenting police use of force has been an issue in the United States since at least 1931. As of July 2016, there is still no standardized national data collection effort, despite a call from several presidential and civil rights commissions to do so. Without accurate and timely national data, a moral panic of sorts unfolds that replaces rational thought and debate necessary to enact public policy. Moreover, without such data, it is virtually impossible to estimate the incidence and prevalence of police use of force, which leaves U.S. law enforcement agencies at a tremendous disadvantage for improving practices. This essay briefly examines the history of calls to improve police practices through collecting national use of force data and then offers a practical solution based on rational-technical theory of organizations with a brief analysis of a new promising, but limited, data set. The essay concludes with a proposed research agenda should national data become available through pending legislation H.R. 306, National Statistics on Deadly Force Transparency Act of 2015.
DA  - 2018/03/01/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1177/0887403416662504
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 128
EP  - 148
J2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
LA  - en
SN  - 0887-4034
ST  - Improving Police Use of Force
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403416662504
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:49:46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from a failure in threat assessment: 11 questions and not enough answers
AU  - Goodrum, Sarah
AU  - Evans, Mary K.
AU  - Thompson, Andrew J.
AU  - Woodward, William
T2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
AB  - Threat assessment theory and practice have evolved significantly since Columbine. The US Secret Service's guidelines for threat assessment include 11 questions that school officials should ask to identify, investigate, and manage students of concern. Yet, no research examines how school officials implement these questions. This qualitative case study examines the way that school officials used the 11 questions with a student of concern, who underwent a threat assessment and 3 months later shot and killed a classmate and himself on school grounds. The data include deposition testimony from 12 school and district officials and more than 8,000 pages of records in the case. For each of the 11 questions, the findings reveal what the threat assessment team knew and might have learned; the findings also demonstrate the importance of multiple sources of information, a multidisciplinary team, and an investigative mindset. The questions may prove difficult to answer in “loosely coupled” systems, like schools, where information is unintentionally lost due to the organization's structural hierarchy, specialization of tasks, and heavy workloads. The findings provide critical lessons learned for threat assessment, information gathering, and violence prevention in schools.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1002/bsl.2399
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 353
EP  - 371
LA  - en
SN  - 1099-0798
ST  - Learning from a failure in threat assessment
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bsl.2399
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:50:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Overstating America's Wrongful Conviction Rate: Reassessing the Conventional Wisdom about the Prevalence of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Cassell, Paul G.
T2  - Arizona Law Review
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 4
SP  - 815
EP  - 864
J2  - Ariz. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Overstating America's Wrongful Conviction Rate
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/arz60&i=843
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:50:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - American Criminal Justice Reform: Human Factor Analysis in Wrongful Convictions and the Need for an Independent Commission Comments
AU  - Walter, Brittany L.
T2  - University of San Francisco Law Review
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DP  - HeinOnline
IS  - 1
SP  - i
EP  - 164
J2  - U.S.F. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - American Criminal Justice Reform
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/usflr53&i=151
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:51:28
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Towards a Theory of Innocence Policy Reform
AU  - Marion, Nancy
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - Controversies in Innocence Cases in America
AB  - This chapter describes the political dynamics and policy accomplishments of three innocence reforms that occurred in the first decade of the twenty-first
DA  - 2016/05/13/
PY  - 2016
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:57:38
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Unrealized Promise of Forensic Science: An Empirical Study of its Production and Use
AU  - Anderson, James M.
AU  - Matthies, Carl F.
AU  - Greathouse, Sarah Michal
AU  - Chari, Amalavoyal V.
AB  - Collected data on the prevalence and use of forensic evidence and analyzed existing data on crime labs and conducted a survey of prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys to measure the effect of forensic evidence on the plea-bargaining process.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
LA  - en
M3  - Product Page
ST  - The Unrealized Promise of Forensic Science
UR  - https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR1242.html
Y2  - 2020/01/09/17:59:12
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Hill Country Observer - Arts
AU  - Lawrence, Even
T2  - Hill Country Obervor
AB  - Supporters of New York’s new bail reform law say it will end the wasteful and destructive practice of jailing poor people accused of nonviolent crimes.

But critics of the new law, including many of the region’s top law enforcement officials, say the reform effort could pose new risks to public safety by mandating the release of many criminal defendants – and by removing a financial incentive for these suspects to show up in court.




https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/H1VIt5vgzgE
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://www.hillcountryobserver.com/2019%20news/Dec2019bailsystem.htm
Y2  - 2020/01/17/18:27:42
L2  - http://www.hillcountryobserver.com/2019%20news/Dec2019bailsystem.htm
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Serious Incident Framework Supporting learning to prevent recurrence
AU  - NHS England
AB  - Over the last decade the NHS has made significant progress in developing a
standardised way of recognising, reporting and investigating when things go wrong
and a key part of this is the way the system responds to serious incidents.
Serious incidents in health care are events where the potential for learning is so great,
or the consequences to patients, families and carers, staff or organisations are so
significant that they warrant our particular attention to ensure these incidents are
identified correctly, investigated thoroughly and, most importantly, trigger actions that
will prevent them from happening again. 

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/IGMYI8xcpoQ
DA  - 2015/03//updated
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/serious-incidnt-framwrk-upd.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - How Justice Agencies Can Implement and Benefit from Sentinel Event Reviews
AU  - Hollway, John
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory
AB  - There is much to be learned from our mistakes and failures – and it is this concept that is the foundation of Sentinel Events. Different industries have employed this learning approach of reviewing and analyzing events that did not quite turn out as expected to improve policies and procedures. This approach has been proven to be effective in the area of law enforcement and criminal justice where public trust, safety, and human lives are at stake. To discuss the Sentinel Events approach and its intricacies are John Holloway and Dr. Mallory O’Brien. John is the Associate Dean and Executive Director
DA  - 2019/10/18/T08:00:14-06:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://justiceclearinghouse.com/resource/how-justice-agencies-can-implement-and-benefit-from-sentinel-event-reviews/
Y2  - 2020/01/17/18:36:14
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Police Can Kill Fewer People: Numbers vs Narratives
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - A recent scholars’ debate over the impact of police shootings on African-Americans’ mental health misses the more important point, argues TCR’s legal columnist. What systemic flaws drove police actions to begin with?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0hgCfuEtn0o
DA  - 2020/01/15/T16:00:57+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
ST  - How Police Can Kill Fewer People
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/01/15/how-police-can-kill-fewer-people-numbers-vs-narratives/
Y2  - 2020/01/17/18:39:09
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Schwartz Rounds
AU  - Schartz Center
T2  - The Schwartz Center
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NBFaYRpqRcw
DA  - Undated
PY  - Undated
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.theschwartzcenter.org/programs/schwartz-rounds
Y2  - 2020/01/17/18:40:52
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - From Funnels to Large-Scale Irrigation: Changing the Criminal Justice System Paradigm to Improve Public Health and Safety
AU  - Reed, Tom
AU  - Chrishom, John
T2  - Papers from the Executive Sessons on Community Corrections
AB  - In this paper Tom Reed and John Chisholm, a public defender and a prosecutor, argue that the criminal justice system needs a "paradigm shift." Using their own experiences in Milwaukee, they challenge all criminal justice stakeholders to undertake the collaborative efforts necessary to bring about reforms to the criminal justice system. They lay out this work in seven core ideas:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/97m17vv96RI

The third important area is what is often described as sentinel events, after-action reviews, or critical incident reviews (National Institute of Justice,
2014). These are common in medicine, air safety, and law enforcement. By looking back at cases
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
PB  - Harvard Kennedy Schools of Government
ST  - From Funnels to Large-Scale Irrigation
UR  - https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/wiener/programs/criminaljustice/research-publications/executive-session-on-community-corrections/publications/changing-the-criminal-justice-system-paradigm
Y2  - 2020/01/17/18:44:24
N1  - <p>The third important area is what is often described<br />as sentinel events, after-action reviews, or critical<br />incident reviews (National Institute of Justice,<br />2014). These are common in medicine, air safety,<br />and law enforcement. By looking back at cases</p>
<p>that had bad outcomes, or were “near misses,”<br />with all system actors in a safe environment,<br />significant learning can occur. While contested<br />cases may not have an agreed outcome in<br />the same way that we wish to avoid airplane<br />disasters, there is a surprising opportunity to<br />look at hard cases—especially when root causes<br />of the underlying conduct are included in the<br />sentinel events analysis.26 The Homicide Review<br />Commission has proven a valuable platform for<br />this analysis (see Sidebar). Stated differently, the<br />criminal justice system is only a part of a larger<br />pattern of problems in the community that need<br />to be considered.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Boeing’s Responsibility in a Deadly Crash ‘Got Buried’
AU  - Hamby, Chris
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - A study that blasted Boeing after a 2009 accident was never made public. Other criticisms were tempered by investigators after the company and U.S. safety officials objected.
....A review by The New York Times of evidence from the 2009 accident, some of it previously confidential, reveals striking parallels with the recent crashes — and resistance by the team of Americans to a full airing of findings that later proved relevant to the Max.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/cdnlyG5t4rs
DA  - 2020/01/20/T23:15:38.000Z
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Business
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/20/business/boeing-737-accidents.html
Y2  - 2020/01/21/14:47:24
KW  - Aviation Accidents, Safety and Disasters
KW  - Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - National Transportation Safety Board
KW  - Boeing 737 Max Groundings and Safety Concerns (2019)
KW  - Boeing Company
KW  - Amsterdam (Netherlands)
KW  - Turkish Airlines
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Self-Designing Safety Culture: A Case Study in Adaptive Approaches to Creating a Safety Culture
AU  - Pupulidy, Ivan
T2  - ACS Chemical Health & Safety
AB  - This Case Study represents an ongoing commitment on the part of the United States Forest Service to improve safety culture. It focuses on the contribution of a small group of leaders and researchers who engaged in interdisciplinary research and application of theory to create active dialogues in the agency and to change the organization’s approach to accident and incident investigation. This small group of practitioners and researchers recognized that an organization’s reaction to events shapes culture and influences workers to perform in certain ways. Commonly this influence is positive. It can benefit production, collaboration, communication, mission completion, and even safety. However, it can adversely affect trust when, with perfect hindsight, we point to individual failures and label them as causal. This case study will explore three significant pathways that led to an examination of safety culture, a challenge of contemporary models of safety culture, a recognition of the importance of language, and ultimately to interventions designed to create a safer work environment; the creation of a principle-based approach is designed to increase the capacity of the organization and workforce to learn, engaging the workforce in dialogues designed to challenge existing beliefs and the creation of an agency response to accidents and incidents that focuses on context rather than blame.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/M74a6n81EkE
DA  - 2020/01/10/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1021/acs.chas.0c00005
DP  - ACS Publications
J2  - ACS Chem. Health Saf.
ST  - Self-Designing Safety Culture
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chas.0c00005
Y2  - 2020/01/21/14:49:38
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police suicide: prevalence, risk, and protective factors
AU  - Chae, Mark H
AU  - Boyle, Douglas J
T2  - Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
AB  - Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to explore risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation among law enforcement personnel. Design/methodology/approach -- The methodology employed is based on the "Best Evidence Synthesis" approach, whereby researchers systematically examine and integrate the most empirically sound available research on the topic under investigation. Findings -- Results of studies showed that the interaction of multiple risk factors had a cumulative effect in increasing the risk for suicidal ideation. In total, five prominent aspects of policing were associated with risk for suicidal ideation: organizational stress; critical incident trauma; shift work; relationship problems; and alcohol use and abuse. Studies also indicated that protective factors and preventative measures had stress-buffering effects which decreased the impact of police stressors. Research limitations/implications -- The model is limited because few studies have employed methodologically-sound research designs to test risk and protective factors related to police suicide. This conceptual overview may facilitate theory development and provide directions for future research. Practical implications -- Law enforcement agencies which implement programs that assist police personnel in developing active coping styles, identify and access available social support systems, as well as utilize community-based services may decrease risk for suicidal ideation. This review provides practical applications for law enforcement training, education, and program development. Originality/value -- The paper represents the most recent review of risk and protective factors related to suicidal ideation among police personnel. This integration of research provides police practitioners with an evidence-based ecological framework that can be applied universally in police management settings. Adapted from the source document.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1108/13639511311302498
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 91
EP  - 118
LA  - English
SN  - 1363-951X, 1363-951X
UR  - https://search.proquest.com/docview/1430187986?accountid=26333
AN  - 1430187986; 201317253
DB  - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)
N1  - <p>Copyright - Copyright Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2013-09-01</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2016-09-27</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2019-09-06</p>
N1  - <p>SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Police; Protective factors; Suicidal ideation; Personnel; Law enforcement; Suicide</p>
KW  - Firearms
KW  - article
KW  - Criminology And Law Enforcement
KW  - Suicides & suicide attempts
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Police
KW  - Protective factors
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - Studies
KW  - Self destructive behavior
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Suicidal ideation
KW  - Stress
KW  - Personnel
KW  - Police Individual behaviour Stress Suicide Police management Police suicide Risk and protective factors Law enforcement stress
KW  - Disease control
KW  - Research & development--R&D
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preventing Violence: A Public Health Participatory Approach to Homicide Reviews
AU  - O'Malley, Teagen L.
AU  - Documét, Patricia I.
AU  - Burke, Jessica G.
AU  - Garland, Richard
AU  - Terry, Art
AU  - Slade Sr, Roland L.
AU  - Albert, Steven M.
T2  - Health Promotion Practice
AB  - Death review teams are a common method for assessing preventable deaths, yet they rarely review adult homicides and do not typically include community members. Academic-community partnerships can enhance public health research by encouraging translation of research into practice and support a data-driven approach to improve community health and well-being. We describe the Pittsburgh Homicide Review Group, a community-partnered initiative to prevent future homicides through data review and community dialogue. Group members reviewed all 42 Pittsburgh 2012 homicides informed by three primary data sources: publicly available data, local service databases, and community outreach resources. Thirty-two individuals representing relevant county agencies and community groups participated in eight reviews. Data sharing among partners resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the context of homicides. Review meetings supported a collective discussion around potential contributing factors to homicides, intervention implications, and recommendations. Academic-community homicide review partnerships are a productive approach to inform homicide prevention and interventions that are relevant to communities and should be implemented widely.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1177/1524839917697914
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 427
EP  - 436
SN  - 15248399
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129547467&site=ehost-live
AN  - 129547467
DB  - a9h
N1  - <p>O'Malley, Teagen L. 1 Documét, Patricia I. 1 Burke, Jessica G. 1 Garland, Richard 1 Terry, Art 2 Slade Sr., Roland L. 2 Albert, Steven M.; Email Address: tlo8@pitt.edu; Affiliation: 1: University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2: Kingsley Association, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Source Info: May2018, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p427; Subject Term: HOMICIDE -- Prevention; Subject Term: COMMUNITY health services; Subject Term: INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; Subject Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: PATIENT participation; Author-Supplied Keyword: community-based participatory research; Author-Supplied Keyword: health research; Author-Supplied Keyword: injury prevention/safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: partnerships/coalitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: violence prevention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621494 Community health centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621498 All Other Outpatient Care Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624190 Other Individual and Family Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6568</p>
KW  - COMMUNITY health services
KW  - PUBLIC health
KW  - violence prevention
KW  - INTERPROFESSIONAL relations
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - community-based participatory research
KW  - health research
KW  - HOMICIDE -- Prevention
KW  - injury prevention/safety
KW  - partnerships/coalitions
KW  - PATIENT participation
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Case Studies of Nine Jurisdictions that Reduced Disproportionate Minority Contact in their Juvenile Justice Systems
AU  - Spinney, Elizabeth
AU  - Cohen, Marcia
AU  - Feyerherm, William
AU  - Stephenson, Rachel
AU  - Yeide, Martha
AU  - Hopps, Michael
AB  - This report presents case studies of nine U.S. jurisdictions that reduced disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in their juvenile justice systems over a 3-year period during the research time frame. DMC has been recognized for decades as a deep-rooted problem in U.S. juvenile justice systems.  All States are required to address DMC in order to stay in compliance with the Federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA).  The U.S. Justice Department’s Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) tracks compliance with this JJDPA requirement.  In 2005, OJJDP began requiring States to use a Web-based data entry  system to input data on the flow of youths at nine points in their juvenile justice systems.  The current study is the first to conduct a systematic review of these data and identify sites that have reduced DMC over an extended period of time.  Through the presented case studies, strategies used to reduce DMC in these nine sites are identified.  The sites selected represent a diverse group of jurisdictions, both geographically and demographically.  The portion of the youth population ages 10-17 that was minority ranged from 15 percent in one county to 78  percent in another jurisdiction.  The poverty rates for children and youth also varied significantly among the nine sites.  This study identifies and explains the eight most-noted strategies.  Extensive tables and figures and 121 references
DA  - 2016/10//
PY  - 2016
SP  - 97
LA  - English
UR  - https://search.proquest.com/docview/9806087?accountid=26333
AN  - 9806087; 250301
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L1  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/250301.pdf
N1  - <p>Availability - Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, DC 20531</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2018-08-14</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2018-08-14</p>
KW  - Case studies (01395)
KW  - OJJDP Resources (60297)
KW  - Juvenile justice reform (08893)
KW  - Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (04752)
KW  - Disproportionate Minority Contact (60138)
KW  - OJJDP final report (11340)
KW  - Juvenile case management (09427)
KW  - Juvenile case studies (09290)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How the 911 System Turns Police into ‘Proxies’ for Racial Bias
AU  - Neusteter, Rebecca
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Policing today is largely driven by 911 calls for service. But we have also seen that 911—as a system—serves as a mechanism for other people to exercise their biases, fears, and values and that the police—as default responders—have in essence become proxies for racial animus.

Over the past several years, I’ve worked closely with partners in Camden County, N.J., and Tucson, Ariz., which are among a small number of jurisdictions that are making investments to better understand and improve their 911 systems. These efforts are in their infancy; they offer great potential, and should be expanded.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/MddNKqso8-E
DA  - 2020/01/22/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/01/22/how-the-911-system-turns-police-into-proxies-for-racial-bias/
Y2  - 2020/02/18/15:46:54
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - In Milwaukee, ‘Justice’ is About More Than Punishment
AU  - Staff
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - In one of the country’s most remarkable partnerships, Milwaukee’s District Attorney and the head of the Wisconsin Public Defender’s office have crossed turf lines to develop a system of “community-oriented” justice whose end goal is to put fewer people in prison.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/97m17vv96RI
DA  - 2020/01/23/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/01/23/in-milwaukee-justice-is-about-more-than-just-punishment/
Y2  - 2020/02/18/15:50:03
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Pediatrician group wrong to blame reporting [Editorial]
AU  - Board, The Editorial
T2  - HoustonChronicle.com
AB  - Instead work to improve the system so that all children are safe.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/TOgnCL6N3ZQ
DA  - 2020/01/23/T09:00:00+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.houstonchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Pediatrician-group-wrong-to-blame-reporting-on-14995477.php
Y2  - 2020/02/20/16:58:55
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Top Manhattan ADA resigns in evidence probe - New York Daily News
AU  - Crane-Newman, Molly
T2  - Daily News
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/nE_g1Ufw3XM
DA  - 2020/01/24/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/ny-diana-florence-resigns-withheld-evidence-20200125-d33rt63rxjccdoxn4q7q5rmegu-story.html?fbclid=IwAR2mxle-zGW-lUlqVXcN6OhlXQyTK8bzx1EMi9RTJ1yEEHe-MmVUEdphNow
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:00:00
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association of open communication and the emotional and behavioural impact of medical error on patients and families: state-wide cross-sectional survey
AU  - Prentice, Julia C.
AU  - Bell, Sigall K.
AU  - Thomas, Eric J.
AU  - Schneider, Eric C.
AU  - Weingart, Saul N.
AU  - Weissman, Joel S.
AU  - Schlesinger, Mark J.
T2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
AB  - Background How openly healthcare providers communicate after a medical error may influence long-term impacts. We sought to understand whether greater open communication is associated with fewer persisting emotional impacts, healthcare avoidance and loss of trust.
Methods Cross-sectional 2018 recontact survey assessing experience with medical error in a 2017 random digit dial survey of Massachusetts residents. Two hundred and fifty-three respondents self-reported medical error. Respondents were similar to non-respondents in sociodemographics confirming minimal response bias. Time since error was categorised as <1, 1–2 or 3–6 years before interview. Open communication was measured with six questions assessing different communication elements. Persistent impacts included emotional (eg, sadness, anger), healthcare avoidance (specific providers or all medical care) and loss of trust in healthcare. Logistic regressions examined the association between open communication and long-term impacts.
Results Of respondents self-reporting a medical error 3–6 years ago, 51% reported at least one current emotional impact; 57% reported avoiding doctor/facilities involved in error; 67% reported loss of trust. Open communication varied: 34% reported no communication and 24% reported ≥5 elements. Controlling for error severity, respondents reporting the most open communication had significantly lower odds of persisting sadness (OR=0.17, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.60, p=0.006), depression (OR=0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.77, p=0.022) or feeling abandoned/betrayed (OR=0.10, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.48, p=0.004) compared with respondents reporting no communication. Open communication significantly predicted less doctor/facility avoidance, but was not associated with medical care avoidance or healthcare trust.
Conclusions Negative emotional impacts from medical error can persist for years. Open communication is associated with reduced emotional impacts and decreased avoidance of doctors/facilities involved in the error. Communication and resolution programmes could facilitate transparent conversations and reduce some of the negative impacts of medical error.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/KC3b_D_9TwU
DA  - 2020/01/20/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010367
DP  - qualitysafety.bmj.com
J2  - BMJ Qual Saf
LA  - en
SN  - 2044-5415, 2044-5423
ST  - Association of open communication and the emotional and behavioural impact of medical error on patients and families
UR  - https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/early/2020/01/31/bmjqs-2019-010367
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:03:34
KW  - communication
KW  - healthcare quality improvement
KW  - medical error, measurement/epidemiology
KW  - patient safety
KW  - surveys
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Should Seeing Be Believing? Evidence-Based Recommendations by Psychologists May Reduce Mistaken Eyewitness Identifications
AU  - Wells, G. L., Kovera, M. B., Douglass, A. B., Brewer, N., Meissner, C. A., & Wixted, J. T.
T2  - Law and Human Behavior,
AB  - The featured study identifies research-based recommendations to help prevent mistaken eyewitness identifications.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/GYJ0KavqYbw
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
ST  - Should Seeing Be Believing?
UR  - https://www.apa.org/pubs/highlights/spotlight/issue-171
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:06:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Obstructing Justice: The Association Between Prosecutorial Misconduct and the Identification of True Perpetrators
AU  - Weintraub, Jennifer N.
T2  - Crime & Delinquency
AB  - Prosecutorial misconduct is a potential barrier to identifying true perpetrators of crimes in wrongful conviction cases. Previous theories posit that pressures on prosecutors to carry out their role as ministers of justice in an adversarial system can incentivize misconduct and disincentivize postconviction cooperation, especially regarding alleged misconduct at trial. This study empirically tests how prosecutorial misconduct at trial can affect postconviction proceedings by analyzing the relation between prosecutorial misconduct alleged at trial and the identification of a true perpetrator postconviction in DNA exoneration cases. Results demonstrate that, as predicted, prosecutorial misconduct is associated with a decrease in the odds of true perpetrator identification. This work further underscores the need for the implementation of functional policy to deter prosecutorial misconduct.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/gWo8lfqpnYk
DA  - 2020/01/22/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0011128719901107
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 0011128719901107
J2  - Crime & Delinquency
LA  - en
SN  - 0011-1287
ST  - Obstructing Justice
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128719901107
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:09:09
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exploring Cold Case Homicide Survivors’ Perceptions of and Relationships With Law Enforcement
AU  - Wellman, Ashley P.
AU  - Meitl, Michele Bisaccia
T2  - Journal of Interpersonal Violence
AB  - Given the nature of unsolved homicide, a complicated dynamic exists between survivors of cold case homicides and law enforcement personnel. The current study utilizes interviews with 24 survivors to explore the perceptions associated with this relationship. Employing a grounded theory framework, we find several themes depicted within these narratives that guide survivors’ overall perceptions of their relationship with law enforcement, including investigative and communication efforts. Results indicate that the survivors universally perceive original detectives were incompetent or ineffective in their original investigation, thus leading to the unsolved status of their case. Over time, secondary and current investigators were also perceived as unable to properly investigate, due to challenges such as insufficient evidence or simply not conducting a comprehensive examination of the case. Regardless of this negative view of police activity on the case, relationships were defined by the level and nature of communication survivors had with their detective. Families who felt listened to, included, and/or valued reported a positive relationship with police that allowed them to trust their case was in good hands. Participants who perceived communication to be secretive, misleading, or completely absent noted strained relationships and further disappointment. Survivors may adopt roles, such as investigator, spokesperson, or advocate, to help compensate for their perception that the case is not properly cared for by police. With regard to grief progress and health of cold case homicide survivors, it is possible treatment by law enforcement outweighs the significant of case resolution years after the homicide. Recommendations for more productive survivor/police interactions are included.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/07vWYgjWiu0
DA  - 2020/01/16/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0886260519897327
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 0886260519897327
J2  - J Interpers Violence
LA  - en
SN  - 0886-2605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519897327
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:10:32
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Holding Police ‘Accountable' Won’t Prevent Shootings of Civilians
AU  - TCR Staff
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - The “relentless” focus on singling out individual police officers to blame for civilian shootings is understandable, but it has "become the enemy of prevention in the very communities that need it most," according to a study in the Ohio State Law Journal.
DA  - 2020/01/30/T16:00:10-05:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/01/30/why-holding-police-accountable-wont-prevent-shootings-of-civilians/
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:11:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Law enforcement and public health: recognition and enhancement of joined-up solutions
AU  - Dijk, Auke J. van
AU  - Herrington, Victoria
AU  - Crofts, Nick
AU  - Breunig, Robert
AU  - Burris, Scott
AU  - Sullivan, Helen
AU  - Middleton, John
AU  - Sherman, Susan
AU  - Thomson, Nicholas
T2  - The Lancet
AB  - Public security and law enforcement have a crucial but often largely unacknowledged role in protecting and promoting public health. Although the security sector is a key partner in many specific public health programmes, its identity as an important part of the public health endeavour is rarely recognised. This absence of recognition has resulted in a generally inadequate approach to research and investigation of ways in which law enforcement, especially police at both operational and strategic levels, can be effectively engaged to actively promote and protect public health as part of a broader multisectoral public health effort. However, the challenge remains to engage police to consider their role as one that serves a public health function. The challenge consists of overcoming the continuous and competitive demand for police to do so-called policing, rather than serve a broader public health function—often derogatively referred to as social work. This Series paper explores the intersect between law enforcement and public health at the global and local levels and argues that public health is an integral aspect of public safety and security. Recognition of this role of public health is the first step towards encouraging a joined-up approach to dealing with entrenched social, security, and health issues. 
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/vd64Sig93no
DA  - 2019/01/19/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32839-3
DP  - www.thelancet.com
VL  - 393
IS  - 10168
SP  - 287
EP  - 294
J2  - The Lancet
LA  - English
SN  - 0140-6736, 1474-547X
ST  - Law enforcement and public health
UR  - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32839-3/abstract
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:17:31
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Parents of man killed in Brookline after chase speak out: ‘He was a very sensitive boy with a gentle soul’ - The Boston Globe
AU  - McDonald, Danny
AU  - Ellement, John R.
AU  - Staff, Tonya Alanez Globe
AU  - February 8, Updated
AU  - 2020
AU  - Comments, 8:06 p m Email to a Friend Share on Facebook Share on TwitterPrint this Article View
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The parents of the man who was shot and killed by police after a car chase that started at a Boston hospital ended on Route 9 in Brookline Friday said their son had a history of mental illness that included many hospitalizations, but that they did not think he owned a gun.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/yIXoXubaeng
LA  - en-US
ST  - Parents of man killed in Brookline after chase speak out
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/02/08/metro/mother-man-killed-brookline-after-chase-he-was-probably-scared-off-his-meds/
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:29:06
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Humanizing Policing: 8 Steps that Build Community Confidence and Promote Officer Safety
A2  - Stephens,, Darrel W.
A2  - Bellmio, Peter
AB  - Policing is a people-oriented service.  Police personnel, particularly patrol officers, work with a wide range of people in doing their job.  To be effective, those working contacts must help build confidence that the police are dedicated to promoting safety in the community. The seventh of Sir Robert Peele’s 1829 Principles of Policing reminds us that: The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police are the only members of the public who are paid to give
DA  - 2019/11/12/T08:25:08-07:00
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
ST  - Humanizing Policing
UR  - https://justiceclearinghouse.com/webinar/humanizing-policing-8-steps-that-build-community-confidence-and-promote-officer-safety/
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:44:39
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Wrong Way to Fight the Opioid Crisis
AU  - Williams, Paige
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - People struggling with addiction who share a lethal dose of drugs are being prosecuted as killers.

...In March, 2015, Franklin County’s new coroner, Dr. Anahi Ortiz, created a fatality-review board, to scrutinize each unintentional-overdose death in her jurisdiction and identify gaps in the system. She told me, “I brought law enforcement into the room. I brought public health into the room. I brought treatment centers into the room. I brought the public defender into the room.” The reforms led to important improvements, including the increased use of Narcan, an injection or nasal spray that can immediately reverse a heroin overdose.

Yet Franklin County’s problem kept growing. By April 27, 2015, the day that Jamie and Courtney met in the Walmart parking lot, Ortiz’s office had already handled a hundred and twelve opioid overdoses that year. Users were overdosing at home and in public; two people had drowned (one in a bathtub, the other in a garden pond). A man had overdosed behind the wheel of his Honda Civic while parked outside a Pier 1.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/77gTZ-BKBJI
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/02/10/the-wrong-way-to-fight-the-opioid-crisis
Y2  - 2020/02/20/17:45:50
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Refining the Role of Less-Lethal Technologies: Critical Thinking, Communications, and Tactics Are Essential in Defusing Critical Incidents
AU  - PERF
AB  - The idea for this project initially came
from a conversation I had with Los Angeles Police Chief Michel Moore. He had looked at the “Vision Zero” concept for traffic safety,
which asks the question, “What would it take to reduce traffic fatalities to zero?”1
 Chief
Moore suggested that we apply a similar
focus to reducing fatal use-of-force incidents
in policing.
Like other chiefs, Chief Moore has
focused on preventing police use-of-force
incidents that have come to be known as
“lawful but awful.” These incidents are ruled
as justified under current legal standards, but they undermine community trust and support, because they look unnecessary to members of the public. Some incidents look like
they could have been prevented with more thoughtful police tactics and improved lesslethal tools.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/HyJHBhp1aBE
DA  - 2020/02//
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.policeforum.org/assets/LessLethal.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence-Based Policing and Fatal Police Shootings: Promise, Problems, and Prospects
AU  - Sherman, Lawrence W.
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - The promise of evidence-based policing is to reduce harm with better research for targeting, testing, and tracking police actions. The problems of using evidence-based policing to reduce harm are found in the emotional dimensions of ethics and risk. These problems are most pronounced with fatal police shootings, where the risks of injury to American police are often framed as a zero-sum choice in relation to the ethics of taking citizens’ lives. Yet evidence-based policing offers good prospects for reframing the debate over fatal police shootings, in ways that could reduce harm to both police and citizens. This volume offers substantial new evidence for initiatives at all levels of U.S. government that could help to save lives in police encounters with citizens. Putting that evidence to work remains the major challenge facing the American police.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716220902073
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 26
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
ST  - Evidence-Based Policing and Fatal Police Shootings
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220902073
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organizational Accidents and Deadly Police-Involved Violence: Some Thoughts on Extending Theory, Expanding Research, and Improving Police Practice
AU  - Klinger, David
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - In recent years, violence by and against the police has been examined from the perspective of organizational accident theory. This article extends that work by reviewing some key ideas, identifying some limitations of organizational accident theory for understanding police-involved violence, and detailing some specific research topics for future empirical exploration. It concludes by offering some specific policy and practice recommendations to reduce police-involved violence.

Conclusion: In the practitioner realm, police supervisors, managers, and policy-makers can look to the organizational accident literature for guidance about how to develop the individual, group, organizational, and institutional mindfulness that can lead to the safety culture that can enhance police performance and thereby reduce the level of deadly police-involved violence in the United States.

In sum, if academics and practitioners take seriously the calls that Doyle (2010), Sherman (2018), a few others (e.g., Pickering and Klinger 2016), and this article have made for viewing some bad policing outcomes as organizational accidents and work to reduce them, we may just be able to save a multitude of lives.

Doyle, James. 2010. Learning from error in American criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology 100 (1): 109–48.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219892913
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 28
EP  - 48
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
ST  - Organizational Accidents and Deadly Police-Involved Violence
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219892913
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Role of Individual Officer Characteristics in Police Shootings
AU  - Ridgeway, Greg
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - Assessing whether individual characteristics of police officers such as age, race, and prior performance influence police behavior has been a long-standing topic of social science research. The effect of officer characteristics on their risk of shooting people is confounded by police assignments and by the environmental factors associated with those assignments. This article provides a method to separate out the influence of individual officer characteristics from environmental factors. Using data from the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the Major Cities’ Chiefs Association (MCCA), the analysis finds that police officers who join the NYPD later in their careers have a lower shooting risk: for each additional year of their recruitment age, the odds of being shooters declines by 10 percent. Both officer race and prior problem behavior (e.g., losing a firearm, crashing a department vehicle) predict up to three times greater odds of shooting, yet officers who made numerous misdemeanor arrests were four times less likely to shoot.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219896553
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 58
EP  - 66
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219896553
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social Interaction Training to Reduce Police Use of Force
AU  - Wolfe, Scott
AU  - Rojek, Jeff
AU  - McLean, Kyle
AU  - Alpert, Geoffrey
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - Controversial incidents involving uses of force by police in recent years have led to calls for improving officers’ de-escalation skills. A more fruitful approach to police training reform may be a broader focus on improving officers’ social interaction skills. By viewing all police-citizen encounters as social interactions that can either escalate toward or de-escalate away from the use of force, police training can develop what other fields call a “deliberate, repetitive practice” framework. This article describes the implementation of a randomized trial that brought such training to two U.S. police agencies and yielded encouraging results. We conclude that the conceptual framework was generally well received but that results depended heavily on the selection and performance of each agency’s own trainers.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219887366
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 124
EP  - 145
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219887366
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings
AU  - Engel, Robin S.
AU  - McManus, Hannah D.
AU  - Isaza, Gabrielle T.
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are not supported by a strong body of empirical evidence that demonstrates their effectiveness. Guided by the available research on evidence-based policing and informed by the firsthand experience of one of the authors in implementing departmental reforms that followed the fatal shooting of a civilian by an officer, this article highlights promising reform strategies and opportunities to build the evidence base for effective use-of-force reforms. We call upon police executives to engage in evidence-based policing by scientifically testing interventions, and we call on academics to engage in rapid research responses for critical issues in policing.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219889328
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 146
EP  - 165
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
ST  - Moving beyond “Best Practice”
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219889328
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:50
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reducing Violent Incidents between Police Officers and People with Psychiatric or Substance Use Disorders
AU  - Pollack, Harold A.
AU  - Humphreys, Keith
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - This article describes evidence-based strategies designed to reduce the prevalence of police encounters with people in behavioral crisis (PBCs) and to make such encounters less dangerous for all parties when they do occur. Some of these strategies are implemented by law enforcement, including gun violence restraining orders and the training of officers to provide time, distance, and cover during encounters with PBCs. Other strategies involve broader systems of community care, including assertive community treatment for people with serious psychiatric disorders, and critical time interventions for individuals leaving incarceration or inpatient psychiatric care. Broader adoption of such strategies should both reduce the risk of police shootings of PBCs as well as improve the effectiveness and well-being of police officers.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219897057
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 166
EP  - 184
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219897057
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:03:51
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Social Theory and the Street Cop: The Case of Deadly Force
AU  - Klinger, David
AB  - This paper examines how social theory can help police officers deal better with violent incidents and other potentially threatening situations and how social theory can help members of the public to better understand what they can realistically expect from police officers, who have sworn to serve and protect them.
Abstract:	Normal Accident Theory (NAT) has important implications regarding deadly force beyond providing insight into specific officer-involved shootings. First, it can help most citizens understand that some shootings are plainly unavoidable. NAT can also help citizens understand shootings that might otherwise seem incomprehensible, or be attributed to evil police designs. Third, NAT can help police officers have a good deal of motivation to avoid shootings. Shootings put them in physical danger and can expose them to substantial legal, administrative, and financial liability. Lastly, NAT offers an easily understood framework to help officers accomplish this goal: keep things simple and do not get too close. NAT concerns tactics in police work. Examples from diverse areas of policing show how social theory can serve as a tool to help officers both understand why they are doing what they do and help them to do it better. NAT was developed in the early 1980s to explain how bad things happen in high-tech systems, such as nuclear power plants. NAT asserts that understanding why things sometimes go wrong requires us to pay heed to two key factors: the complexity of systems and the extent to which their elements are coupled, or tied together. In the world of policing, social theory has guided agencies in a variety of endeavors and helped the public understand both the goals of the police and the methods they use to reach them, such as deadly force. This paper examines how NAT can be applied to police shootings. This paper examines the link between social theory and police operations which comes from work that was done in the 1980s. It reviews a few cases where such theory has proven useful in realms of policing that are less dramatic. References
PB  - Police Foundation
UR  - https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Klinger-2005-Social-Theory-and-the-Street-Cop.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Gatekeepers
AU  - Neusteter, Rebecca et al.
T2  - Vera
AB  - Police in America arrest millions of people each year, and the likelihood that arrest will lead to jail incarceration has increased steadily. Ending mass...

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/-MrPJH_S1c4
DA  - 2020/02/19/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
M3  - text/html
UR  - https://www.vera.org/publications/gatekeepers-police-and-mass-incarceration
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:21:37
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - 4 Keys to Improving Behavioral Health Care in the Emergency Department
AU  - IHI Multimedia Team
AB  - Simply working harder will not address the challenges of improving behavioral health care in the emergency department (ED) — system-level changes are needed. An excerpt from the Improving Behavioral Health Care in the Emergency Department and Upstream white paper shares the four key elements for improvement.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/zj5_I6vDxm0
DA  - 2020/02/04/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/4-keys-to-improving-behavioral-health-care-in-the-emergency-department?utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=Feature&utm_campaign=2020_TW_Test&utm_content=4_Keys_Improving&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-93TpL0zQU83mhHGAP11acNhutXWBcENx_xuVbtwqCHeMoxRITDNtzUvGZJCbxLza17Y1jCBVh1px2Jp9AUJSCbzywDsQ&_hsmi=83474330
Y2  - 2020/02/20/18:26:38
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Key evidence in Wilkinsburg mass shooting case never made it to jurors
AU  - Ward, Paula Reed
T2  - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
AB  - Police and prosecutors in the 2016 Wilkinsburg mass shooting case did not present a key piece of evidence at trial that would have corroborated testimony placing the accused killer just houses away from the scene moments after five people and an unborn child were killed.


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ErJ3q2gQuMQ
DA  - 2020/02/20/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.post-gazette.com/news/crime-courts/2020/02/20/Wilkinsburg-mass-shooting-trial-evidence-district-attorney-police/stories/202002190158
Y2  - 2020/02/26/16:03:12
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - A Murder Trial in Reverse
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - Two men were sent to prison for killing a French tourist in Manhattan in 1987. Can they overturn their convictions?

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NKq-eggp0oE

John Hollway, who oversees the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice, at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, told me, “There are jurisdictions that are earnestly involved in good-faith review of cases where there’s a possibility the system reached the wrong conclusion. There are also jurisdictions that have a smoke-and-mirrors approach. They say they’ll establish a unit, but then they don’t take the cases sincerely and earnestly.” These units are often referred to as “crinos,” short for “conviction review in name only.” These days, Hollway said, “I think we’re getting more real units and less crinos.”
DA  - 2020/02/24/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/03/02/a-murder-trial-in-reverse
Y2  - 2020/02/26/16:06:26
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Writing about an adverse event, a physician heals himself and helps...
AU  - Smulowitz, Peter
T2  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - The Betsy Lehman Center is a state agency that uses communications and research working toward safer health care in Massachusetts.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/CHSaDUor1Ao
DA  - 2020/02/20/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - http://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/writing-about-an-adverse-event-a-physician-heals-himself-and-helps-others
Y2  - 2020/02/26/16:54:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Five Years after Ferguson: Reflecting on Police Reform and What’s Ahead
AU  - Robinson, Laurie O.
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - Policing in the United States is not the same profession it was before Michael Brown’s death on a street in Ferguson, Missouri, five years ago. Police use of lethal force has become central to the debate triggered by Ferguson. In this article, I review steps taken to implement policing reforms at local, state, and federal levels; note obstacles to reform; and speculate about which proposals advanced by authors in this volume might be implemented by policy-makers at different levels of government. I conclude by suggesting four areas where attention is needed if reform measures are going to be successfully institutionalized, and I comment on current bipartisan attention in Washington to criminal justice that offers the potential for federal action.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716219887372
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 228
EP  - 239
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
ST  - Five Years after Ferguson
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219887372
Y2  - 2020/02/27/15:24:24
KW  - police reform
KW  - and local government
KW  - federal
KW  - lethal force
KW  - state
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preventing Avoidable Deaths in Police Encounters with Citizens: Immediate Priorities
AU  - Sherman, Lawrence W.
T2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
AB  - The global problem of fatal encounters between police and citizens is a massive challenge for both public health and public safety. This volume focuses on a wide range of ideas and evidence about what might be done to save lives in police-citizen encounters, at least in the United States. I focus on three ideas that could make the most difference, most quickly. Each of the ideas is supported by both substantial research evidence and a feasibility assessment of which ideas might be adopted. Three ideas that can transcend political gridlock, appeal to both supporters and critics of the American police, and appeal to police officers themselves are presented: (1) empowering police to take away legally possessed guns from manifestly dangerous people, (2) supporting police in emergency first aid and medical treatment of anyone who is injured by gunfire, and (3) developing implementation strategies based on research on the interactional tactics associated with fatalities and their prevention.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0002716220904048
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 687
IS  - 1
SP  - 216
EP  - 226
J2  - The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0002-7162
ST  - Preventing Avoidable Deaths in Police Encounters with Citizens
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716220904048
Y2  - 2020/02/27/15:46:35
N1  - <p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; color: #333333; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 20px; font-family: arial; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">As David Klinger’s article in this volume observes, there are immense complexities in police systems that can “cascade” into a narrowing of options for police to protect themselves other than shooting someone. Those systems are not the fault of the police officer, nor of the citizen. They are the responsibility of the governments that create police agencies, especially—as Franklin Zimring’s article spells out—the state governments. Yet the design of better policing systems is not something at which states are skilled (<a id="focusIdbibr11-0002716220904048" class="ref showRefEvent2" style="color: #006acc; text-decoration: none;" role="button" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716220904048#" data-rid="bibr11-0002716220904048" data-ref-text="Sherman 2015" data-reflink="_i6" data-referenceslink=" 
Sherman Lawrence W. 24 February 2015. Statement to the Presidential Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Available from https://www.c-span.org/video/?324520-1/presidents-task-force-hearing-community-policing.">Sherman 2015</a>). That is why Zimring focused on a modest, federally funded research and development effort as the fastest way to save lives. As Laurie Robinson points out in her commentary, there are good reasons to question the practical impact of this idea. Yet Klinger’s article provides a way to shape its focus, which would be all-important for its success.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; color: #333333; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 20px; font-family: arial; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">To take “normal accident theory” (NAT) seriously, it would need to be tested in field experiments. There is no shortage of hypotheses about how to slow down the decision-making that results in fatal police shootings (<a id="focusIdbibr6-0002716220904048" class="ref showRefEvent2" style="color: #006acc; text-decoration: none;" role="button" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716220904048#" data-rid="bibr6-0002716220904048" data-ref-text="Klinger 2005" data-reflink="_i6" data-referenceslink=" 
Klinger David. 2005. Social theory and the street cop: The case of deadly force. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.">Klinger 2005</a>, this volume; <a id="focusIdbibr12-0002716220904048" class="ref showRefEvent2" style="color: #006acc; text-decoration: none;" role="button" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716220904048#" data-rid="bibr12-0002716220904048" data-ref-text="Sherman 2018" data-reflink="_i6" data-referenceslink=" 
Sherman Lawrence W. 2018. Reducing fatal police shootings as system crashes: Research, theory, and practice. Annual Review of Criminology 1:421–49.">Sherman 2018</a>). The shortage we confront is a lack of research. Take, for example, the hypothesis advanced four decades ago by Albert J. Reiss, Jr., in <em>The ANNALS</em> (1980). His claim was that systems of supervisory oversight for high-speed chases could be applied, with life-saving results, to supervisory oversight of specified police-citizen encounters. This claim seems all the stronger with new technology, especially the potential for on-scene body cameras to transmit real-time images to supervisors in a police command center. Rather than accepting that “no one is in command” at a police encounter, Reiss suggested that a command and control system could be established at a wide range of police-citizen encounters.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px; color: #333333; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 20px; font-family: arial; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This idea, while only one of many innovations that could be field tested in police agencies willing to work with the National Institute of Justice, is one that can be applied directly to the most recent U.S. Supreme Court case on police use of deadly force. </p>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Transforming the Police - Thirteen Key Reforms by Charles M. Katz, Edward R. Maguire
AU  - Katz, Charles
AU  - McGuire
AB  - Policing in the United States is at a crossroads; decisions made at this juncture are crucial. With the emergence of evidence-based policing, police leaders can draw on research when making choices about how to police their communities. Who will design the path forward and what will be the new standards for policing? This book brings together two qualified groups to lead the discussion: academics and experienced police professionals.

The School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University recruited faculty with expertise in policing and police research. This volume draws on that expertise to examine 13 specific areas in policing. Each chapter presents an issue and provides background before reviewing the available research on potential solutions and recommending specific reform measures. Response essays written by a current or former police leader follow each chapter and reflect on the recommendations in the chapter.

The 13 chapters and response essays present new thinking about the police, their challenges, and the reforms police agencies should consider adopting. Policy makers, practitioners, educators, researchers, students and anyone interested in the future of policing will find valuable information about: the benefits of adopting evidence-based policing; leading strategic crime-control efforts; instituting procedural justice to enhance police legitimacy; reducing use of force; combatting racially biased policing; establishing civilian oversight; implementing a body-worn camera program; creating sentinel event reviews; developing police-university collaborations; facilitating organizational justice in police departments; improving officer health and wellness; handling protests; and increasing the effectiveness of police responses to sexual assault.
UR  - https://www.waveland.com/browse.php?t=746&r=b%7Ct
Y2  - 2020/03/03/23:16:50
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Promoting Officer Health and Wellness (Edward R. Maguire, Logan J. Somers, and Kathleen E. Padilla) Response Essay (Chief Steven Pitts)
AU  - McGuire, Edward
AU  - Somers, Logan J.
AU  - Padila, Kathleen
T2  - Transforming the Police - Thirteen Key Reforms by Charles M. Katz, Edward R. Maguire
AB  - Policing in the United States is at a crossroads; decisions made at this juncture are crucial. With the emergence of evidence-based policing, police leaders can draw on research when making choices about how to police their communities. Who will design the path forward and what will be the new standards for policing? This book brings together two qualified groups to lead the discussion: academics and experienced police professionals.

The School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University recruited faculty with expertise in policing and police research. This volume draws on that expertise to examine 13 specific areas in policing. Each chapter presents an issue and provides background before reviewing the available research on potential solutions and recommending specific reform measures. Response essays written by a current or former police leader follow each chapter and reflect on the recommendations in the chapter.

The 13 chapters and response essays present new thinking about the police, their challenges, and the reforms police agencies should consider adopting. Policy makers, practitioners, educators, researchers, students and anyone interested in the future of policing will find valuable information about: the benefits of adopting evidence-based policing; leading strategic crime-control efforts; instituting procedural justice to enhance police legitimacy; reducing use of force; combatting racially biased policing; establishing civilian oversight; implementing a body-worn camera program; creating sentinel event reviews; developing police-university collaborations; facilitating organizational justice in police departments; improving officer health and wellness; handling protests; and increasing the effectiveness of police responses to sexual assault.
UR  - https://www.waveland.com/browse.php?t=746&r=b%7Ct
Y2  - 2020/03/03/23:16:50
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police lineups of the future?
AU  - Brewer, Neil
AU  - Weber, Nathan
AU  - Guerin, Nicola
T2  - American Psychologist
AB  - Problems associated with eyewitness identification decisions have long been highlighted by memory researchers (e.g., Loftus, 1979), with overwhelming evidence that witnesses can err, sometimes with disastrous consequences. Guided by the rationale that witnesses have access to potentially probative memorial information not captured by the traditional categorical lineup responses, an alternative procedure was examined in 6 experiments with adult (N = 1,669) and child (N = 273) witnesses. Instead of witnesses being asked to identify the offender from the lineup, they rated their confidence in the match between the offender and each lineup member and then variations in the maximum (max) confidence values assigned (i.e., the highest rated lineup members) were examined. Specifically, we evaluated how well max confidence values predicted suspect guilt or innocence. When suspects (guilty or innocent) in a lineup received the max confidence rating, the probability of guilt increased with the max. When the suspect received a rating lower than the max, they were generally more likely to be innocent. Max confidence patterns also predicted guilt where a traditional positive identification would have been unlikely: for example, when the max was low, when the witness gave the max to multiple lineup members, or when a filler received the max but the suspect also received a high rating. The data indicate that witnesses have access to probative memorial information often not captured by the traditional lineup responses when identifying someone or rejecting the lineup. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of this theoretically informed futuristic alternative to existing lineup procedures are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)


https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ahfhCaOc53g
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1037/amp0000465
DP  - APA PsycNET
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
SP  - 76
EP  - 91
SN  - 1935-990X(Electronic),0003-066X(Print)
KW  - Criminal Offenders
KW  - Memory
KW  - Probability
KW  - Witnesses
KW  - Legal Evidence
KW  - Police Personnel
KW  - Self-Confidence
KW  - Guilt
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - Responses
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Science and Sociology: Predictive Power is the Name of the Game
AU  - Ekland-Olson, Sheldon
AU  - Gibbs, Jack P.
AB  - Science and Sociology is from beginning to end an exploration of what this implies for the social sciences, and sociology in particular. The authors argue that over the last several decades, sociology has become less a science and more a quest for isolated assessments of situations, whether they come from demographic analyses, survey research, or ethnographic studies. Above all else, this book is an attempt to promote and advance scientific sociology, and we write at length specifying the how and why of this objective. With this objective in mind, the question becomes: What would a scientific sociology look like?
DA  - 2017/09/01/
PY  - 2017
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 171
LA  - en
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 978-1-351-69229-8
ST  - Science and Sociology
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=HXBQDwAAQBAJ
KW  - Social Science / Sociology / General
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Multi-Method Study Of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams
AU  - Klinger, David
AU  - Rojek, Jeff
AB  - Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams,1
 first appeared in American policing in the
later half of the 1960s when a series of high-profile incidents -- such as Charles Whitman’s
murderous sniping from a tower on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin that claimed
over a dozen lives -- showed that a single violent episode could easily outstrip the capacity of
“standard” law enforcement tactics, weapons, and officers to respond effectively. Innovative
police officials thus developed SWAT teams to provide their agencies with the means to handle
such extra-ordinarily dangerous incidents (see, e.g., Hudson, 1997; Kolman, 1982). In the years
since the first teams came on line, SWAT units have grown in number, sophistication, and
frequency of operations, so that today the vast majority of the police agencies serving
populations over 50,000 have some sort of tactical team, and yearly SWAT deployments
nationwide number in the tens of thousands (e.g., Kraska and Kappeler, 1997).
DA  - 2008/08//
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/223855.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The multiple dimensions of tunnel vision in criminal cases
AU  - Findley, Keith
AU  - Scott, Michael
T2  - Wisconsin Law Review
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 2
N1  - <p>The multiple dimensions of tunnel vision in criminal cases</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ESSAY: A “SAFETY MODEL” PERSPECTIVE CAN AID DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION, AND RESTORATION AFTER CRIMINAL JUSTICE HARMS
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - Santa Clara Law Review
AB  - Criminal justice in the United States is primarily a state and local
enterprise and most (if not all) states and localities have experienced
some disturbing outcomes. Harris County, Texas, for example, has
experienced its own lab scandals.7
Elsewhere, the innocent are wrongly
convicted while the real perpetrators go free; dangerous prisoners are
mistakenly released and then kill again; avoidable “suicide-by-cop”
fatalities traumatize families and frontline police. Beneath these frontpage spectacles a submerged universe of coerced misdemeanor8
pleabargains, protracted pretrial detentions, failed re-entry plans, fruitlessstreet stops, “near-misses,” declining “closure rates” and “high frequency, low impact” events of all kinds erode public security and trust in the law.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 59
IS  - 11
UR  - https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2869&context=lawreview
N1  - <p>Elsewhere, the innocent are wrongly convicted while the real perpetrators go free; dangerous prisoners are<br />mistakenly released and then kill again; avoidable “suicide-by-cop”<br />fatalities traumatize families and frontline police. Beneath these frontpage spectacles a submerged universe of coerced misdemeanor8<br />plea<br />bargains, protracted pretrial detentions, failed re-entry plans, fruitless<br />street stops, “near-misses,” declining “closure rates” and “high<br />frequency, low impact” events of all kinds erode public security and trust<br />in the law. </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Discussions of contemporary American criminal justice do not<br />suffer from any shortage of Models. Herbert Packer set the ball rolling<br />by describing his opposing Crime Control and Due Process Models.10</p>
<p>John Griffths deployed a Family Model to show that Packer’s two polar<br />ideologies are really variant versions of a single, unified Battle Model.11</p>
<p>In the aftermath of the DNA exoneration cases Innocence Movement<br />scholars such as Keith Findley and Marvin Zalman have attempted to<br />point out to partisans for one or the other of Packer’s Models that some<br />version of a Reliability Model12 or Integrated Justice Model,13 focusing<br />on factual accuracy, could present a win/win option that simultaneously<br />protects the innocent and targets the actually guilty, whom wrongful<br />convictions leave free to find further victims.</p>
N1  - <p>The last decade has seen a growing interest 14 in a criminal justice<br />orientation derived from a deep reservoir of literature and experience"<br />that high-risk fields such as aviation and medicine16 have tapped to<br />develop 'cultures of safety.17 T he fact that safety concepts are so easily<br />borrowed from other fields probably explains why there have been few<br />efforts to denominate an explicit 'Safety Model _ in criminal justice."<br />But by now it is easy to list books, articles, and compilations that<br />introduce the basic safety concepts to criminal justice practicecommunities. 19 The National Institute ofJ ustice (NIJ), has given this<br />interest practical form through its 'Sentinel Events Initiative- by<br />conducting a sustained investigation of the potential for mobilizing</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Scott Hertzberg a librarian at the National Criminal J ustice<br />Reference Service, has compiled a bibliography illuminating the extent of an interdisciplinary<br />literature that implicates the safety-oriented model. See Sentinel Events Initiative: A Corrpiled<br />Bibliography, NAT L INST. OF J UST., https:/iww.nij.gov/topics/ usticesystem/Pages/senti nel-events- bi bl iography.aspx</p>
N1  - <p>The safety at issue here is everyone's safety: the safety of crime<br />victims, defendants, and communities' even the safety of law<br />enforcement personnel 21 and legal system practitioners.22 This wider<br />safety perspective escapes the zero-sum i deol ogy of the C ri me Control<br />versus Due Process dialectic in which anything protecting an<br />individual -s rights automatically threatens potential crime victims to an<br />equal extent. It recognizes the impact of iatrogenic 23 ('from the<br />treatment-) injury inflicted by hyper-aggressive 'stop, question, and<br />frisk- programs, re-traumatizing victim interviews, mass incarceration,24<br />and other interventions, and requires that those harms be weighed in the<br />balance before making criminal justice choices, not deferred to be<br />deplored at some later date.25 It throws a new light on familiar<br />challenges; examining events in that light reveals opportunities.<br />Familiarity with an emerging Safety Model can improve practice, and<br />may fuel transformati on.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - 21,000 Years Lost and Counting: Prosecutors Are Working to Clear Wrongful Convictions, but Their Record Is Mixed
AU  - Smith, Jordan
T2  - The Intercept
AB  - The Quattrone Center has received a $1.6 million federal grant to take the model — a “sentinel event review” — to up to 20 other jurisdictions; Baltimore, Chicago, and Austin have all reportedly signed on.
DA  - 2019/04/24/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
ST  - 21,000 Years Lost and Counting
UR  - https://theintercept.com/2019/04/24/wrongful-convictions-prosecutors-innocence-organizations/
Y2  - 2019/05/09/17:11:40
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - PROSECUTORS AND RESPONSES TO VIOLENCE
AU  - Lang, Lucy
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
AB  - And the work of a CIU
should be both backward-looking—to
provide complete review and remedy of
past cases where appropriate—and
forward-looking—to create and implement
policies and practices that will protect
against similar miscarriages in the future.
And the work of a CIU should be both
backward-looking—to provide complete
review and remedy of past cases where
appropriate—and forward-looking—including
sentinel event reviews that analyze the causes
of wrongful convictions and enable the creation
and implementation of policies to protect
against similar miscarriages in the futur
DA  - 2019/11//
PY  - 2019
PB  - Institute for Innovation in Prosecution at John Jay College
UR  - https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c4fbee5697a9849dae88a23/t/5de5728dcceb6a637f13c5cd/1575318158124/ES_Prosecutors_Violence.pdf
N1  - <p>And the work of a CIU<br />should be both backward-looking—to<br />provide complete review and remedy of<br />past cases where appropriate—and<br />forward-looking—to create and implement<br />policies and practices that will protect<br />against similar miscarriages in the future.<br />And the work of a CIU should be both<br />backward-looking—to provide complete<br />review and remedy of past cases where<br />appropriate—and forward-looking—including<br />sentinel event reviews that analyze the causes<br />of wrongful convictions and enable the creation<br />and implementation of policies to protect<br />against similar miscarriages in the futur</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Can We Learn from Prosecutor Misconduct?
AU  - Doyle, James
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - At least one federal judge has argued that violations of the Brady v. Maryland rule requiring prosecutors to disclose evidence favorable to the defense are “epidemic.”  But we should be thinking about how to prevent such miscarriages of justice, rather than just punishing them, writes TCR’s legal columnist.
DA  - 2019/12/09/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2019/12/09/can-we-learn-from-prosecutor-misconduct/
Y2  - 2019/12/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - POLICE INDEMNIFICATION
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna
T2  - NYU Law Revie
AB  - This Article empirically examines an issue central to judicial and scholarly debate
about civil rights damages actions: whether law enforcement officials are financially
responsible for settlements and judgments in police misconduct cases. The Supreme
Court has long assumed that law enforcement officers must personally satisfy settlements
and judgments, and has limited individual and government liability in civil
rights damages actions—through qualified immunity doctrine, municipal liability
standards, and limitations on punitive damages—based in part on this assumption.
Scholars disagree about the prevalence of indemnification: Some believe officers
almost always satisfy settlements and judgments against them, and others contend
indemnification is not a certainty.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/shaYQ5FwrCE
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 89
UR  - http://www.nyulawreview.org/sites/default/files/pdf/NYULawReview-89-3-Schwartz.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/02/16:29:36
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Flawed Forensics: The Story Behind An Historic FBI Review
AU  - Reimer, Norman
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - In July 2013, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) and the Innocence Project (IP) signed an historic agreement with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) to review thousands of criminal cases in which the FBI conducted microscopic hair analysis of crime scene evidence. Two major developments created [...]
DA  - 2015/04/30/
PY  - 2015
ST  - Flawed Forensics
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/30/2015-04-flawed-forensics-the-story-behind-an-historic-fbi-re/
Y2  - 2017/06/08/19:42:23
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/30/2015-04-flawed-forensics-the-story-behind-an-historic-fbi-re/
L2  - https://thecrimereport.org/2015/04/30/2015-04-flawed-forensics-the-story-behind-an-historic-fbi-re/
KW  - Innocence Commissions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - After Firing the Shots, What Happens?
AU  - Bohrer, Shannon
T2  - FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin
AB  - The article deals with what happens after a U.S. law enforcement officer uses deadly force. Interviews with involved officers have revealed some deficiencies or gaps in training programs related to the aftermath of critical incidents. While many indicated that they survived because of their training, they were not prepared for the chain of events that occurred afterwards. Investigations of law enforcement's use of force, after-action reviews, and interviews with officers have shown that more training may be needed.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 74
IS  - 9
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
SN  - 00145688
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=19052206&site=ehost-live
AN  - 19052206
N1  - <p>After Firing the Shots, What Happens?<br/>Bohrer, Shannon 1,2,3,4,5; Affiliation: 1: Range master, Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions, Sykesville 2: Member, International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association 3: Member, International Association of Law Enforcement Firearms Instructors 4: Member, Maryland Troopers Association 5: Member, American Association of State Troopers; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 74 Issue 9, p8; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Subject Term: POLICE -- United States; Subject Term: POLICE training; Subject Term: INTERVIEWS; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611519 Other Technical and Trade Schools; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article</p>
N1  - <p>After Firing the Shots, What Happens?<br/>Bohrer, Shannon 1,2,3,4,5; Affiliation: 1: Range master, Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions, Sykesville 2: Member, International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association 3: Member, International Association of Law Enforcement Firearms Instructors 4: Member, Maryland Troopers Association 5: Member, American Association of State Troopers; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 74 Issue 9, p8; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Subject Term: POLICE -- United States; Subject Term: POLICE training; Subject Term: INTERVIEWS; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611519 Other Technical and Trade Schools; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - INTERVIEWS
KW  - POLICE -- United States
KW  - POLICE training
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - 'The Wrong Carlos': Was an innocent man executed?
AU  - Dotinga, Randy
T2  - Christian Science Monitor
AB  - Law professor James Liebman says a Texas case reveals the injustice of the death penalty.
DA  - 2014/08/29/
PY  - 2014
DP  - Christian Science Monitor
SN  - 0882-7729
ST  - 'The Wrong Carlos'
UR  - http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2014/0829/The-Wrong-Carlos-Was-an-innocent-man-executed
Y2  - 2017/05/15/17:38:54
L2  - http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2014/0829/The-Wrong-Carlos-Was-an-innocent-man-executed
L2  - http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2014/0829/The-Wrong-Carlos-Was-an-innocent-man-executed
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - L.A. County to pay nearly $5 million to settle lawsuits in two shootings by sheriff's deputies - LA Times
AU  - Lau, Maya
DA  - 2017/07/11/
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sheriff-shootings-settlements-20170711-story.html
Y2  - 2017/07/12/22:51:35
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - How Case Reviews Transformed Allegheny County’s Criminal Justice System.
AU  - Barron, Bruce
DA  - 2011/09//
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://www.alleghenycountyanalytics.us/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/How-Case-Reviews-Transformed-Allegheny-County_s-Criminal-Justice-System.pdf
Y2  - 2017/05/19/17:09:58
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission: An interagency collaborative process to reduce homicide
AU  - O’Brien, M.
AU  - Cisler, R. A.
AU  - Woods W.
T2  - Wisconsin Medical Journal
AB  - The Milwaukee Hoimicide Review Commission (MHRC) is a multi-level, multi-disciplinary, and multiagency homicide review process aimed at reducing the occurrence of homicides in Milwaukee. Based on the public health approach to violence reduction, the MHRC has 3 goals: (1) to gain a better understanding of homicide through strategic problem analysis, (2) to develop innovative, effective responses, and (3) to focus limited enforcement and intervention activities on identifiable risks. The MHIRC creates an environment for many disciplines and agencies to share information and work collectively on violence prevention strategies. Since its inception, the MHRC has reviewed over 150 homicides and developed over 100 recommendations aimed at reducing homicide. These recommendations are based on themes that emerge from case reviews and focus on initiating change at system, agency/organization, and individual levels. The MHRC has many accomplishments to date, including improved communication between local, state, and federal criminal justice agencies; assistance in immediate investigations new strategic criminal justice activities; changes in ineffective agency practices; and new cooperative efforts between community service providers. Future plans include the continuation and expansion of initiatives including greater community impact and developinga Center of Excellence in community and public safety serving Milwaukee and the state of Wisconsin.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 106, 385-388
N1  - <p>The Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission: An interagency collaborative process to reduce homicide</p>
KW  - Fatality Reviews
KW  - Homicide Reviews
KW  - Incident reviews
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Man Framed by Detective Will Get $6.4 Million From New York City After Serving 23 Years for Murder
AU  - Robles, Frances
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The settlement of a claim filed by David Ranta was made by the comptroller’s office because of overwhelming evidence, lawyers said.
DA  - 2014/02/20/
PY  - 2014
DP  - www.nytimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - N.Y. / Region
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/nyregion/man-framed-by-new-york-detective-to-get-6-4-million-without-filing-suit.html
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Brooklyn (NYC)
KW  - Scarcella, Louis
KW  - Hynes, Charles J
KW  - New York City
KW  - Office of the Comptroller (NYC)
KW  - Ranta, David
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Chicago spent more than $113 million on police misconduct lawsuits in 2018
AU  - Newman, Jonah
T2  - Chicago Reporter
AB  - The city paid more for police misconduct settlements last year than any year since at least 2011, bringing the total tab to well over half a billion dollars in just eight years.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/JkOEpAvGiQA
DA  - 2019/03/07/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.chicagoreporter.com/chicago-spent-more-than-113-million-on-police-misconduct-lawsuits-in-2018/
Y2  - 2019/09/04/17:59:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Learning Model of Use-of-Force Reviews
AU  - Thacher, David
T2  - Law & Social Inquiry
AB  - Since the 1970s, police departments have subjected the use of force by their officers to increasingly stringent oversight, but those efforts have struggled against the difficulty of codifying the complex and idiosyncratic judgments that police work requires. In response, some departments have developed new models of oversight that use routine incident reviews partly as a tool for learning in order to document the continually surprising circumstances that officers encounter in the field, to scrutinize existing responses, and to articulate alternatives. This article analyzes the logic of this emerging model through a case study of use-of-force reviews in the Portland Police Bureau. I argue that this emerging model relies on an approach to practical inquiry that has not been adequately understood in criminal justice scholarship and practice—one that uses the routine review of organizational experience to pursue normative progress as well as technical understanding and that makes it possible to adapt complex policing practices to the local environment in which they operate.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ueDHo0lodTk

Cites:

Doyle, James. 2012. “Learning about Learning about Error in Policing.” In Ideas in American Policing, no. 14. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.Google Scholar
Doyle, James. 2014. “Learning from Error in the Criminal Justice System: Sentinel Event Reviews.” In Mending Justice, 3–19. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Doyle, James. 2019. “Essay: A ‘Safety Model’ Perspective Can Aid Diagnosis, Prevention, and Resotration after Criminal Justice Harms.” Santa Clara Law Review 59: 107–34.Google Scholar
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1017/lsi.2019.80
DP  - Cambridge Core
SP  - 1
EP  - 32
LA  - en
SN  - 0897-6546, 1747-4469
UR  - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B
Y2  - 2020/04/20/17:38:31
N1  - <p class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual; widows: 2; orphans: 2; color: #333333; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Hospitals learned years ago that it makes no sense to blame medication errors entirely on the nurse or anesthesiologist who administered the wrong dose; they should also investigate the overly complicated systems that contributed to such mistakes and figure out how to improve them (for example, by pre-dosing medication or redesigning confusing machines) (Schwartz<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r61"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Schwartz</span>2018</a>, 544). Similarly, avoidable use of force results not just from poor decisions made by the officer who actually used force but also from the organizational systems that influenced her actions (Doyle<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r17"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Doyle</span>2012</a>; Hollway, Lee, and Smoot<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r31"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Hollway, Lee and Smoot</span>2017</a>; Sherman<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r65"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Sherman</span>2018</a>). To reduce the use of force and other troubling outcomes in policing, agencies must engage in relentless self-scrutiny to spot and rectify these systemic flaws, just as aviation and medicine have done for years (Doyle<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r17"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Doyle</span>2012</a>,<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r18"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Doyle</span>2014</a>; Hollway, Lee, and Smoot<span> </span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r31"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Hollway, Lee and Smoot</span>2017</a>).</p>
<p class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual; widows: 2; orphans: 2; color: #333333; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This “systems perspective” captures important features of the emerging practices of use-of-force review, but it does not yet encompass some of their most important components—in particular, their pursuit of normative inquiry as well as technical analysis, their attention to local context as well as generalized best practices, and their commitment to routine review of everyday incidents as well as occasional scrutiny of high-profile tragedies. These components of the learning model are not entirely absent from the fields where the systems perspective originated, but the distinctive nature of American policing makes them especially salient in that context.</p>
N1  - <p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The point of the learning model is precisely to transcend the limits of rule-based accountability. A newer and more apposite framework applies ideas about “organizational accidents,” “root cause analysis,” and “high-reliability organizations,” which were developed in fields like aviation and medicine, to policing, particularly to the police’s use of force (Pickering and Klinger<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r46"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Pickering and Klinger</span>2016</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">; Hollway, Lee, and Smoot<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r31"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Hollway, Lee and Smoot</span>2017</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">; Schwartz<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r61"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Schwartz</span>2018</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">; Sherman<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r65"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Sherman</span>2018</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">) and to wrongful arrests and convictions (Doyle<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r17"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Doyle</span>2012</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">; Shane<span> </span></span><a class="xref bibr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #006fca; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-social-inquiry/article/learning-model-of-useofforce-reviews/B7E9FF03862C5D22F4C72FCEBABB300B#r64"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Shane</span>2013</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Noto Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">).<span> </span></span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Purgatory of Parole Incarcerations During the Coronavirus Crisis
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - New York’s strict parole practices have placed thousands of people in mortal peril in prison, where access to health care is limited and social distancing is impossible.
DA  - 2020/04/11/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-purgatory-of-parole-incarcerations-during-the-coronavirus-crisis
Y2  - 2020/04/20/17:44:07
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What Doctors on the Front Lines Wish They’d Known a Month Ago
AU  - Dwyer, Jim
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Ironclad emergency medical practices — about when to use ventilators, for example — have dissolved almost overnight.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/dHgLXq2xeZY
DA  - 2020/04/14/
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/14/nyregion/new-york-coronavirus.html
Y2  - 2020/04/20/18:05:16
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
KW  - Medical Devices
KW  - New York Metropolitan Area
KW  - Quarantines
KW  - Shortages
KW  - Ventilators (Medical)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Myth of Personal Liability
AU  - Review, Stanford Law
T2  - Stanford Law Review
AB  - In Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, the Supreme Court held that federal law creates a right to sue federal officials for Fourth Amendment violations. For the last three decades, however, the Court has cited the threat of individual liability and the burden of government indemnification on agency budgets as twin bases for narrowing the right of victims to secure redress under Bivens. In its most recent decisions, Ziglar v. Abbasi and Hernandez v. Mesa, the Court said much to confirm that it now views personal liability less as a feature of the Bivens liability rule than as a bug. But, to date, there has been no empirical examination of who pays when Bivens claims succeed.

This Article studies the financial threat that successful Bivens claims pose to federal officers and their employing federal agency. Information supplied by the Federal Bureau of Prisons in response to a Freedom of Information Act request identified successful Bivens actions over a ten-year period; in the vast majority of cases (over 95%), individual defendants contributed no personal resources to the resolution of the claims. Nor did the responsible federal agency pay the claims through indemnification. The data suggest, in short, that recent hostility to Bivens litigation rests on a perceived threat of personal liability that is much more theoretical than real. The data also raise important questions about the adequacy of existing constitutional remedies and the manner in which the Department of Justice exercises its settlement authority under the Federal Tort Claims Act and the Judgment Fund.
DA  - 2020/03//
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.stanfordlawreview.org/print/article/the-myth-of-personal-liability/
Y2  - 2020/04/20/18:09:58
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Let the People Go
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
T2  - Boston Review
AB  - States should release from prison far more than the very small percentage of low-level, nonviolent offenders they hold.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/NJfICYB3-jA
DA  - 2020/04/15/T15:14:48-04:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
M3  - Text
UR  - http://bostonreview.net/law-justice/joseph-margulies-prisons-and-pandemics
Y2  - 2020/04/20/18:14:42
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - What's Wrong with Police Unions?
AU  - Levin, Benjamin
AB  - In an era of declining labor power, police unions stand as a rare success story for worker organizing—they exert political clout and negotiate favorable terms for their members. Yet, despite broad support for unionization on the political left, police unions have become public enemy number one for academics and activists concerned about race and police violence. Much criticism of police unions focuses on their obstructionist nature and how they prioritize the interests of their members over the interests of the communities they police. These critiques are compelling—police unions shield officers and block oversight. But, taken seriously, they often sound like critiques of unions in general, not just police unions. To the extent that public-sector unionism remains a social good because of concerns for economic inequality and worker power, wholeheartedly embracing these critiques seems like a risky proposition.This Article examines the strange case of police unions and asks how they are (and are not) representative of U.S. unionism. More pointedly, this Article asks what increasingly common critiques of police unions should mean for policing reform and the future of public-sector unionism. In an effort to construct a more nuanced picture of police unions’ functions, I situate the role of police unions within two disparate scholarly debates: (1) the literature on policing reform; and (2) the literature on public sector unions. How are police unions different from other public-sector unions, and how might critiques and defenses of police unions apply to other public-sector unions?Ultimately, I argue that the challenge in articulating a theory of what makes police unions different highlights both the problem with police and the problem with the way scholars think about unions. If police unions are objectionable because of their views and the conduct of police, this concern speaks to a problem with police—full stop. The problems with the unions are only issues by extension. If the unions are objectionable because of their commitment to their members’ interests over those of the public at large, though, the critiques are properly understood as undercutting public-sector unions generally.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2020/01/02/
PY  - 2020
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3469958
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3469958
Y2  - 2020/06/02/13:50:34
KW  - criminal justice reform
KW  - policing
KW  - criminal procedure
KW  - race
KW  - criminal law
KW  - abolition
KW  - labor law
KW  - police abolition
KW  - police unions
KW  - policing reform
KW  - public sector unions
KW  - unions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AFTER QUALIFIED IMMUNITY
AU  - Joanna Schwartz
T2  - Columbia Law Review
AB  - introduction In this Article, I imagine a world without qualified immunity. This may seem like a purely academic exercise. After all, the Supreme Court has been downright bullish about qualified immunity doctrine in recent years. Since 2005, when John Roberts became Chief Justice, the Court has granted certiorari to consider twenty qualified immunity denials, and ...
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 120
IS  - 2
LA  - en
UR  - https://columbialawreview.org/content/after-qualified-immunity/
Y2  - 2020/06/02/14:19:08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inconvenient truths in suicide prevention: Why a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework
AU  - Turner, Kathryn
AU  - Stapelberg, Nicolas JC
AU  - Sveticic, Jerneja
AU  - Dekker, Sidney WA
T2  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
AB  - Objective:The prevailing paradigm in suicide prevention continues to contribute to the nihilism regarding the ability to prevent suicides in healthcare settings and a sense of blame following adverse incidents. In this paper, these issues are discussed through the lens of clinicians? experiences as second victims following a loss of a consumer to suicide, and the lens of health care organisations.Method:We discuss challenges related to the fallacy of risk prediction (erroneous belief that risk screening can be used to predict risk or allocate resources), and incident reviews that maintain a retrospective linear focus on errors and are highly influenced by hindsight and outcome biases.Results:An argument that a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework is developed.Conclusions:The current use of algorithms to determine culpability following adverse incidents, and a linear approach to learning ignores the complexity of the healthcare settings and can have devastating effects on staff and the broader healthcare community. These issues represent ?inconvenient truths? that must be identified, reconciled and integrated into our future pathways towards reducing suicides in health care. The introduction of Zero Suicide Framework can support the much-needed transition from relying on a retrospective focus on errors (Safety I) to a more prospective focus which acknowledges the complexities of healthcare (Safety II), when based on the Restorative Just Culture principles. Restorative Just Culture replaces backward-looking accountability with a focus on the hurts, needs and obligations of all who are affected by the event. In this paper, we argue that the implementation of Zero Suicide Framework may be compromised if not supported by a substantial workplace cultural change. The process of responding to critical incidents implemented at the Gold Coast Mental Health and Specialist Services is provided as an example of a successful implementation of Restorative Just Culture?based principles that has achieved a culture change required to support learning, improving and healing for our consumers, their families, our staff and broader communities.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/sSzJYEHVlqA
DA  - 2020/06/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0004867420918659
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
SP  - 571
EP  - 581
J2  - Aust N Z J Psychiatry
LA  - en
SN  - 0004-8674
ST  - Inconvenient truths in suicide prevention
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420918659
Y2  - 2020/07/10/15:07:25
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Safety I vs Safety II: An overview
AU  - Editorial Team
T2  - SAFETY4SEA
AB  - The traditional thinking about safety has reached some notable landmarks, but the constantly renewed list of unexpected incidents at sea comes to underline a need for a change in safety perception, unveiling there could be more than the traditional ways of ‘doing safety’.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/sdY43a6E8Xg
DA  - 2018/11/05/T11:18:23+00:00
PY  - 2018
LA  - en-US
ST  - Safety I vs Safety II
UR  - https://safety4sea.com/cm-safety-i-vs-safety-ii-an-overview/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/15:09:37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Race and Reasonableness in Police Killings
AU  - Fagan, Jeffrey
AU  - Campbell, Alexis
T2  - Boston University Law Review, Vol. 100, p. 951, 2020; Columbia Public Law Research Paper No. 14-655
AB  - Police officers in the United States have killed over 1000 civilians each year since 2013. The constitutional landscape that regulates these encounters defaults to the judgments of the reasonable police officer at the time of a civilian encounter based on the officer’s assessment of whether threats to their safety or the safety of others requires deadly force. As many of these killings have begun to occur under similar circumstances, scholars have renewed a contentious debate on whether police disproportionately use deadly force against African Americans and other nonwhite civilians and whether such killings reflect racial bias. We analyze data on 3933 killings to examine this intersection of race and reasonableness in police killings. First, we describe the objective circumstances and interactions of police killings and map those event characteristics to the elements of reasonableness articulated in case law. Second, we assess whether inherently vague constitutional regulation of lethal force is applied differently by officers depending on the civilian’s race, giving rise to a disproportionate rate of deaths among racial and ethnic minority groups. We then assess the prospects for remediation of racialized police killings by testing the effects of an existing evidence-based training curricula designed to reduce police use of deadly force towards persons experiencing mental illness.

We find that, across several circumstances of police killings and their objective reasonableness, Black suspects are more than twice as likely to be killed by police than are persons of other racial or ethnic groups; even when there are no other obvious circumstances during the encounter that would make the use of deadly force reasonable. Police killings of Latinx civilians are higher compared to whites and other racial or ethnic groups in some but not all circumstances. We find no evidence that enhanced police training focused on mental health crises can reduce the incidence of fatal police shootings of persons in mental health crisis or racial and ethnic disparities generally in police killings. Our findings suggest that the standards in constitutional case law fail to anticipate the circumstances of fatal police shootings and are therefore seemingly irrelevant in preventing racial disparities in police fatal police shootings. In light of this constitutional landscape, we argue that the ineffectiveness of enhanced police training to reduce shootings overall and racial disparity within these shootings may reflect the absence of race-specific components in their curricula. We suggest that the addition of training components that specifically address the role of race in officers’ perceptions of risk and their decision-making in potentially dangerous interactions with citizens may remediate both the incidence of police shootings and their apparent racial and ethnic disparity.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/65GZM_4tfRw

Really cites John Hollway, Calvin Lee & Sean Smoot, Root Cause Analysis: A Tool to Promote
Officer Safety and Reduce Officer Involved Shootings over Time, 62 VILL. L. REV. 883, 912-
14 (2017) (explaining that root-cause analyses allow for implementation of reforms that will
improve safety, increase morale, and restore police legitimacy

 John Hollway, Calvin Lee & Sean Smoot, Root Cause Analysis: A Tool to Promote
Officer Safety and Reduce Officer Involved Shootings over Time, 62 VILL. L. REV. 883, 912-
14 (2017)
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3660&context=faculty_scholarship
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Preventing The Next George Floyd Tragedy: Review Standards For Police Shootings And Excessive Force
AU  - JD, Bruce Brumberg
T2  - Forbes
AB  - Deaths from excessive force by police should be investigated like medical mistakes or airline crashes, says a law professor who studies organizational accidents.
DA  - 2020/06/08/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucebrumberg/2020/06/08/preventing-the-next-george-floyd-tragedy-review-standards-for-police-shootings-and-excessive-force/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:07:53
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Who Should Pay for Police Misconduct?
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna
T2  - Law and Political Economy
AB  - Joanna Schwartz– George Floyd’s family will almost certainly bring a lawsuit against Minneapolis Police Officer Derek Chauvin, the three officers on the scene who stood by, and the City as a ...
DA  - 2020/06/11/T10:30:47+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://lpeblog.org/2020/06/11/who-should-pay-for-police-misconduct/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:32:46
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - A new framework to address diagnostic error during COVID-19
AU  - Tejal Gandhi
T2  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - In the context of COVID-19, Tejal Gandhi, M.D., and Hardeep Singh, M.D., offer a new framework for addressing diagnostic error.

 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5EZhiVy8lE4
DA  - 2020/06/16/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/a-new-framework-to-address-diagnostic-error-during-covid-19
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:34:05
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Father lobbies for Wisconsin legislation to track use of force incidents
T2  - WISN
AB  - The idea is years in the making and the police killing of George Floyd is creating a sense of urgency to better help officers make life and death decisions on use of force by learning from the past.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ZqCnJ9dEm5s
DA  - 2020/06/15/T22:10:00Z
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.wisn.com/article/father-lobbies-for-wisconsin-legislation-to-track-use-of-force-incidents/32872655
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:49:34
ER  - 

TY  - HEAR
TI  - Public Hearing on Ensuring Accountability and Equality in Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System (Part 1 of 2)
T2  - PA  Senate Judiciary Committee AND Senate Law & Justice Committee |
DA  - 2020/06/17/10:00 a.m
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://law.pasenategop.com/061720/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:58:01
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - What does police reform mean? - The Washington Post
AU  - Gwen Prowse and Vesla Weaver
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/criminal-justice-sentinel-events
DA  - 2020/06/17/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/06/17/we-listened-people-highly-policed-us-communities/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/17:30:53
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - He Spent 25 Years in Prison for Murder, but Was Innocent All Along
AU  - Ransom, Jan
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - “Everyone in the criminal justice system failed you,” a judge in Queens told Samuel Brownridge as he vacated his conviction because of new evidence.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/yHC9iBRhkoc
DA  - 2020/06/23/T17:48:55-04:00
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/nyregion/queens-da-exoneration-samuel-brownridge.html
Y2  - 2020/07/10/17:38:28
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Queens (NYC)
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - District Attorneys
KW  - Innocence Project
KW  - Brown, Richard A
KW  - Katz, Melinda R
KW  - St Albans (Queens, NY)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Cities Offload the Cost of Police Brutality
AU  - Brentin Mock
T2  - Bloomberg.com
AB  - Cities spend tens of millions of dollars on lawsuits over police violence and killings. But municipalities are effectively using residents to mortgage the cost.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/yMPGtQyZ-o8
DA  - 2020/06/04/T18:41:01.000Z, 2020-06-04T18:41:01.000Z, 2020-06-04T18:41:01.000Z, 2020-07-08T04:50:26.685Z
PY  - 2020
DP  - www.bloomberg.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-04/the-financial-toll-of-police-brutality-to-cities
Y2  - 2020/07/10/17:39:50
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - Cities
KW  - Chicago
KW  - citylab
KW  - Minneapolis
KW  - Bonds
KW  - Climate Change
KW  - Coronavirus
KW  - Credit Rating
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Taxes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Medical Error: Truthtelling, Apology, and Forgiveness
AU  - Loue, Sana
T2  - Case Studies in Society, Religion, and Bioethics
A2  - Loue, Sana
AB  - The annual occurrence of medical errors is concerning, with data suggesting that as many as 100,000 individuals may die each year as a result and even more may suffer with a resulting disability. Physicians and other healthcare providers have frequently been counseled by their attorneys, insurance companies, and institutions’ risk managers to avoid expressions to the patient that indicate an assumption of responsibility or that offer an apology, due to a concern that these expressions may prompt and/or be used in litigation against the provider and/or their institution. This perspective ignores both the understanding of the Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—of the importance of speaking the truth and apology and the healing that may come from such an approach. This advice also conflicts with the guidance provided to physicians by secular bioethics with respect to truthtelling. The mechanisms currently relied on to reduce the threat of litigation and prevent similar medical errors that do not permit a full apology may be inadequate in addressing the emotional needs of the providers and patients involved. This chapter reviews scriptural guidance addressing truthtelling, apology, and forgiveness, comparing it to the approach advised in the bioethical literature.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2UJb1ufw7G8
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-030-44150-0_4
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 73
EP  - 101
LA  - en
ST  - Medical Error
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44150-0_4
Y2  - 2020/07/10/17:55:25
KW  - Restorative justice
KW  - Mediation
KW  - Religion
KW  - Apology
KW  - Apology laws
KW  - Forgiveness
KW  - Healing
KW  - Medical error
KW  - Medical ethics
KW  - Moral injury
KW  - Morbidity and mortality conference
KW  - Truthtelling
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - They’ve been granted parole. So why can it take years for them to get out of prison?
AU  - Jennifer McKim
T2  - Boston Globe
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/nerKDXWRwaw
DA  - 2020/07/08/
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/08/magazine/theyve-been-granted-parole-so-why-can-it-take-years-them-get-out-prison/
Y2  - 2020/07/10/17:58:38
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dispatch Priming and the Police Decision to Use Deadly Force
AU  - Taylor, Paul L.
T2  - Police Quarterly
AB  - Police shootings have become one of the most “visible and controversial” aspects of the criminal justice system . Yet, very little empirical effort has been devoted to understanding the underlying systemic vulnerabilities that likely contribute to these tragic outcomes. Using a randomized controlled experiment that incorporated a police firearms simulator and 306 active law enforcement officers, this study examined the effects of dispatch priming on an officer’s decision to use deadly force. The findings suggest that officers rely heavily on dispatched information in making the decision to pull the trigger when confronted with an ambiguously armed subject in a simulated environment. When the dispatched information was erroneous, it contributed to a significant increase in shooting errors. The results contribute to a broader understanding of officer decision-making within the context of police shootings and introduce the theoretical concepts of cognitive heuristics and human error to the research on police use of deadly force.
DA  - 2019/12/30/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1177/1098611119896653
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 1098611119896653
J2  - Police Quarterly
LA  - en
SN  - 1098-6111
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611119896653
Y2  - 2020/07/10/18:24:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Procedural justice training reduces police use of force and complaints against officers
AU  - Wood, George
AU  - Tyler, Tom R.
AU  - Papachristos, Andrew V.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - Existing research shows that distrust of the police is widespread and consequential for public safety. However, there is a shortage of interventions that demonstrably reduce negative police interactions with the communities they serve. A training program in Chicago attempted to encourage 8,480 officers to adopt procedural justice policing strategies. These strategies emphasize respect, neutrality, and transparency in the exercise of authority, while providing opportunities for civilians to explain their side of events. We find that training reduced complaints against the police by 10.0% and reduced the use of force against civilians by 6.4% over 2 y. These findings affirm the feasibility of changing the command and control style of policing which has been associated with popular distrust and the use of force, through a broad training program built around the concept of procedurally just policing.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/n3QcmijgmqM
DA  - 2020/05/05/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.1920671117
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 117
IS  - 18
SP  - 9815
EP  - 9821
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - https://www.pnas.org/content/117/18/9815
Y2  - 2020/07/10/18:26:19
KW  - policing
KW  - procedural justice
KW  - misconduct
KW  - complaints
KW  - force
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Mayor Fischer announces the latest public safety steps to ensure more transparency and strengthen public trust
AU  - Louisville Kentucky Government
T2  - LouisvilleKy.gov
AB  - Mayor Greg Fischer today was joined by Metro Council President David James and other Councilmembers, as well as leaders of the faith community to announce new public safety steps in the wake of the officer-involved shooting of Breonna Taylor.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/xM9Cd0Oi0cI
DA  - 2020/05/18/T15:06:06-04:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://louisvilleky.gov/news/mayor-fischer-announces-latest-public-safety-steps-ensure-more-transparency-and-strengthen
Y2  - 2020/07/10/18:38:49
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - WORKING GROUP: POLICE-INVOLVED DEADLY FORCE ENCOUNTERS
AU  - Minnesota Department of Publice Safety
AB  - Recommendation 3.4
Establish a formal, protected, non-disciplinary Sentinel Event Review process similar to the
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) to review critical incidents and identify systemic
issues that need to be addressed to improve outcomes in law enforcement, including deadly
force encounters.
Action Step 3.4.1 The State of Minnesota should review similar processes already in place in Minnesota
such as the Infant Mortality Review Board and determine the best format to adopt for
use statewide. This should include a review of other state models and lessons learned.
DA  - 2020/02//
PY  - 2020
SP  - 34
UR  - https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/co/working-group/Documents/police-involved-deadly-force-encounters-recommendations.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Quattrone Center leads Philadelphia Event Review Team to analyze wrongful convictions
AU  - Penn Today Staff
T2  - Penn Today
AB  - The Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice and city agencies have joined together in a partnership that seeks to improve the fairness and accuracy of the criminal justice system.
DA  - 2019/04/18/
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/quattrone-center-leads-philadelphia-event-review-team-analysis-wrongful-conviction
Y2  - 2019/04/25/14:56:48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How much damage do serial homicide offenders wrought while the innocent rot in prison? A tabulation of preventable deaths as outcomes of sentinel events
AU  - Yaksic, Enzo
AU  - Bulut Allred, Tara
AU  - Drakulic, Christa
AU  - Mooney, Robyn
AU  - De Silva, Raneesha
AU  - Geyer, Penny
AU  - Wills, Angelica
AU  - Comerford, Caroline
AU  - Ranger, Rebekah
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - The criminal justice system has allowed serial homicide offenders (SHOs) to commit additional homicides by failing to identify them after their initial homicide. Recidivism has been possible in instances where the SHO benefited from the wrongful incarceration of an innocent person for one of their homicides. Data from the National Registry of Exonerations was utilized to tabulate the full extent of these sentinel events, defined as the number of deaths that could have been prevented. Additional research was conducted to identify where victims fell in the offender’s killing sequence. This ancillary data revealed the number of victims whose deaths could have been prevented had the offender been apprehended earlier in their series of homicides. Sixty-two SHOs were responsible for 249 deaths, 114 of which were committed after an innocent person was incarcerated for the SHO’s initial homicide. To prevent further loss of life, law enforcement must: act upon accurate information; lower the SHO evidentiary threshold; prevent personal bias from influencing investigative steps; obtain training in the behavior of SHOs; admit mistakes; and re-examine convictions if wrongdoing is suspected.

Cites Doyle, J. M. (2014). NIJ’s sentinel events initiative: Looking back to look forward. NIJ Journal, 273, 10–
14. http://www.nij.gov/journals/273/Pages/sentinel-events.aspx
DA  - 2020/06/04/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1080/1068316X.2020.1774590
DP  - tandfonline.com (Atypon)
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068-316X
ST  - How much damage do serial homicide offenders wrought while the innocent rot in prison?
UR  - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ref/10.1080/1068316X.2020.1774590
Y2  - 2020/07/10/16:25:29
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - 426 YEARS: An Examination of 25 Wrongful Convictions in Brooklyn, New York July 9, 2020
AU  - District Attorney of Kings County
AU  - Innocence Project
AU  - Willam Hale
AB  - This Report chronicles the first twenty-five wrongful convictions identified by my office’s Conviction Review Unit
(“CRU”) since its inception in 2014. I have long been proud of the CRU—the anchor of my office’s Post-Conviction
Justice Bureau—and the commitment to justice that it represents. I hope that this Report will be useful to colleagues
around the country who are similarly engaged in this critical work.
The magnitude of years lost to wrongful imprisonment in these cases is almost unbearable—together, they add up
to 426 years spent in prison. And each case described in these pages is itself a complete tragedy, for the person who
was wrongfully convicted and incarcerated, for his or her community, for the victims and survivors of these cases,
and indeed for all of us. One of these cases has always weighed on me particularly heavily—a case of mistaken
identification in a brutal sexual assault and robbery, committed at gunpoint, which resulted in Brian Davidson
(a pseudonym) spending 30 years in prison for a crime he did not commit.
CY  - New York
DA  - 2020/07/09/
PY  - 2020
PB  - Innocence Project
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/KCDA_CRUReport_v4r3-FINAL.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Criminal/Legal Experiences of Individuals With Mental Illness Along the Sequential Intercept Model: An Eight-Site Study
AU  - Comartin, Erin B.
AU  - Nelson, Victoria
AU  - Smith, Scott
AU  - Kubiak, Sheryl
T2  - Criminal Justice and Behavior
AB  - Studies suggest that up to 44% of individuals in the criminal/legal system have a severe mental illness (SMI), and although diversion programs have been established, a significant portion still end up incarcerated. The Sequential Intercept Model is a framework designed to reduce the overrepresentation of individuals with SMI in the criminal/legal system by identifying points of interception to prevent individuals from entering or moving further into the system. Although studies assess programs in each intercept, none has evaluated how individuals process through all intercepts. Using data from eight counties (N = 1,160), this exploratory study assesses criminal/legal involvement across each intercept between individuals identified with (n = 880) or without (n = 280) SMI. Findings indicate longer stays in jail, low rates of treatment engagement and enrollment in specialty courts, and poorer diversion outcomes for individuals with SMI. Recommendations for research, policies, and practices are proposed to advance Smart Decarceration efforts.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/8ZcZzufjcw0
DA  - 2020/07/22/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/0093854820943917
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 0093854820943917
J2  - Criminal Justice and Behavior
LA  - en
SN  - 0093-8548
ST  - The Criminal/Legal Experiences of Individuals With Mental Illness Along the Sequential Intercept Model
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820943917
Y2  - 2020/07/24/17:44:17
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Valid or voodoo? A qualitative study of attorney perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing and plea bargaining
AU  - Metz, Anne
AU  - Monahan, John
AU  - Siebert, Luke
AU  - Garrett, Brandon
T2  - Journal of Community Psychology
AB  - Prior research largely has explored judicial perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing. Little is known about how other court actors, specifically, prosecutors and defense attorneys, perceive risk assessments in the sentencing process. Here, we report a qualitative study on the use of risk assessment by prosecutors and defense attorneys in Virginia. A prior survey (n = 70) pointed to a statistically significant difference in how prosecutors and defense attorneys view the role of recidivism risk in sentencing. On the basis of the results of this quantitative study, we collected follow-up qualitative data via interview (n = 30) to explain this unexpected difference. Analysis confirmed the survey findings that prosecutors and defense attorneys differ in their perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing. Results suggest that court actor perceptions vary as a function of professional role in the service of the identified client (the community or the defendant) and their interests. Although perceptions diverged on utility risk assessment in sentencing, both prosecutors and defense attorneys were outspoken in their skepticism of the Nonviolent Risk Assessment instrument that is used to predict recidivism risk in Virginia. This latter finding identifies obstacles that may emerge as jurisdictions adopt a risk-based approach to sentencing. We conclude with recommendations for addressing these barriers that may provide useful guidance on the implementation process.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1002/jcop.22404
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
SP  - 2053
EP  - 2068
LA  - en
SN  - 1520-6629
ST  - Valid or voodoo?
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcop.22404
Y2  - 2020/07/24/17:46:11
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sentencing
KW  - plea bargaining
KW  - defense attorneys
KW  - prosecutors
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Where the Sick Get Sicker and the Sane Are Driven Mad: Behind Bars
AU  - Driver, Justin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - In “Waiting for an Echo,” Christine Montross, a psychiatrist who works in prisons, catalogs the devastating effects of incarceration on the mentally ill.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/EvD3nyvGnHs
DA  - 2020/07/21/T05:00:08-04:00
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Books
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - Where the Sick Get Sicker and the Sane Are Driven Mad
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/books/review/waiting-for-an-echo-christine-montross.html
Y2  - 2020/07/28/20:57:07
KW  - Books and Literature
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Prisons and Prisoners
KW  - Montross, Christine
KW  - Psychiatry and Psychiatrists
KW  - Waiting for an Echo: The Madness of American Incarceration (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Missing Link in Police Reform: 911 Call-Takers
AU  - Gillooly, Jessica W.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9l_28MySKVs

The wrongful arrest of Harvard Prof. Henry Louis Gates in 2009 started with a 911 call-taker who exaggerated the original complaint. Training on how to distinguish between high-risk and low-risk calls is a critical, but so far largely ignored, factor in determining police response, writes an NYU law scholar and former call-taker.
DA  - 2020/07/27/T14:40:19+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
ST  - The Missing Link in Police Reform
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/07/27/the-missing-link-in-police-reform-911-call-takers/
Y2  - 2020/07/28/21:01:51
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Dark legacy of overturned convictions trails longtime prosecutor
AU  - Rankin, Bill
AU  - Brad Schrade
AU  - Joshua Sharpe
T2  - Atlanta Journal Constitution
AB  - John B. Johnson III, a longtime top assistant district attorney for the Brunswick Judicial Circuit, has a legacy of problem cases over the years — cases in which judges later found he cheated to win.

Joshua Sharpe
DP  - www.ajc.com
LA  - English
UR  - /news/dark-legacy-of-overturned-convictions-trails-longtime-prosecutor/4SDCY5SP3FGKPJ4GVUTM4OLAMM/
Y2  - 2020/07/28/21:03:29
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Handbook of Critical Incident Analysis
AU  - Schwester, Richard W.
AB  - Critical incidents all too often explode onto the social conscious and challenge our sense of security. This comprehensive handbook brings together a range of experts who provide a foundation for the field of critical incident analysis by examining specific incidents9/11, the Virginia Tech massacre, the H1N1 pandemic, the BP oil spill, and more--through various methodological and disciplinary lenses.
CY  - Armonk, N.Y
DA  - 2012/03/15/
PY  - 2012
DP  - Amazon
ET  - 1 edition
SP  - 384
LA  - English
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 978-0-7656-2724-7
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Critical-Incident-Analysis-Schwester/dp/0765627248
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Edwin Borchard’s Innocence Project: The Origin and Legacy of His Wrongful Conviction Scholarship
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AB  - The article recognizes the life and work of Edwin Montefiore Borchard, the founder of US innocence scholarship, as fitting for the Wrongful Conviction Law Revie
DA  - 2020/06/19/
PY  - 2020
DP  - privpapers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
ST  - Edwin Borchard’s Innocence Project
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3631315
Y2  - 2020/08/07/13:38:00
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Convicting the innocent
AU  - Borchard, Edwin Montefiore
DA  - 1961///
PY  - 1961
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 407
LA  - en
PB  - Yale University Press
SN  - 978-5-87498-026-9
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=m6INAwAAQBAJ
KW  - History / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making Sense of Risk
AU  - Klingele, Cecelia M.
AB  - Although actuarial risk prediction tools are widely used in the American criminal justice system, the lawyers, judges, and correctional workers who consult thes

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/Zsn-wnrf-Hs
DA  - 2020/07/31/
PY  - 2020
DP  - privpapers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3664906
Y2  - 2020/08/25/17:25:32
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Sentinel Event Review of Police Response to 2020 Protests in Seattle Wave 2: Downtown Protests June 2 - 7, 2020
AU  - Seattle Office of the Inspector General
AB  - The murder of George Floyd had a monumental impact around the world and engaged a wide segment
of the United States population in public dialogue about the role of race in every aspect of society. The
implications of this event are still being felt. Like other departments in cities around the country, the
Seattle Police Department (SPD) and the City of Seattle grappled with how to respond to ongoing
community protests about the institution of policing in a way that would not further erode public trust,
given concerns about the historical role of policing and centuries of abuse suffered by Black, Indigenous,
and other People of Color.
The process of Sentinel Event Review (SER) is a collaborative effort between community members, SPD,
and OIG to identify the causes and contributing factors of undesired incidents with the goal of
prevention (see principles and goals in Table 1 below). 1 SER is used extensively in other fields, including aviation, health care and manufacturing, among others, to identify root causes of tragedies and design
improvements that will prevent their recurrence. The focus of SER is on fixing the system, not on
assigning individual liability. To that end, Panelists participating in this SER made no attempt to assign individual accountability for acts taken during the incidents reviewed. The SER Panel considered data
collected by OIG and investigations conducted by SPD and the Office of Police Accountability (OPA) in its
review of the incidents and considered OPA’s assessments of misconduct or deviation from SPD policies and procedures. These discussions generated recommendations to improve SPD’s response to future protests and minimize uses of force, avoid harm to community, and mitigate acts of violence or destruction.


https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/PrBtPpoV9aAhttps://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/PrBtPpoV9aA
DA  - 2022/03/14/
PY  - 2022
SP  - 73
UR  - https://seattle.gov/documents/Departments/OIG/Sentinel%20Event%20Review/SER%20Wave%20Two%20Draft%20Report%20Final%20Version%20%28V2%29.pdf
Y2  - 2020/08/25/17:27:11
N1  - <p>18</p>
<p>In addition to this special peacemaking circle, Panelist Dr. Karin Martin of the University of Washington<br />led the Panel in a conversation on systemic racism, where Panelists spoke about their own experiences<br />with race, revealing larger racial dynamics at play in society. Panelists reflected on definitions of<br />systemic racism, institutional racism, and other vocabulary, and discussing each Panelist’s first<br />awareness of race as a way of bringing to light each person's particular experience related to race, while<br />revealing racial dynamics in society that are larger than any given person. Panelists used<br />https://www.racialequitytools.org/glossary to standardize the group’s vocabulary.</p>
<p>These conversations were (and continue to be) extremely challenging. They created a substantial hurdle<br />to generating a shared understanding of the Incidents reviewed by the Panel – and therefore to the<br />drafting of consensus recommendations. The damage that has been done – the damage that caused<br />these protests in the first place, and the overall inability of SPD as a Department and the City of Seattle<br />to immediately craft particularized responses to the needs of peaceful protestors while addressing<br />threats to public order and safety – is deep and lasting. However, acknowledging the underlying<br />Contributing Factor of institutional and systemic racism was critical to being able to move forward as a<br />group.</p>
N1  - <p>In the past, it has been common for protest organizers to reach out to SPD and enlist its support in<br />planning and holding a safe protest. Such was not the case in the wake of George Floyd’s murder. First,<br />the protests were decentralized. Many appeared to grow organically, while others, such as the Westlake<br />Park demonstrations on May 30, included a variety of different groups with different messages and<br />perspectives. In a sign of the community’s current distrust of police and of SPD, many organizers refused<br />to communicate with SPD, viewing them as part of the problem rather than a possible partner in the<br />solution.<br />The absence of advance notice of protester intentions and goals forced SPD into a more reactive<br />approach to crowd management rather than a proactive conversation about protest facilitation. This,<br />coupled with the anti-police focus of the Events, created a “new normal” for protests that SPD was<br />reacting to for the first time, in real time.<br />In response, SPD fell back on its standard tactics and procedures for “crowd management,” defined as<br />“strategies and tactics that employ communication and dialogue with event leaders to obtain voluntary<br />compliance with lawful orders and allow for minimal enforcement action”23 and “crowd control and<br />dispersal.” While these policies have helped hundreds of protests and demonstrations per year occur in<br />Seattle without violence, the phrases “crowd management” and “crowd control” and the focus on<br />“compliance with lawful orders” and “minimal enforcement action” are telling.</p>
N1  - <p>Mayor Durkan announced a curfew for the city beginning at 5:00 p.m., and an executive order<br />prohibiting a range of weapons, including firearms, rocks, and flares. While the curfew made being on<br />the streets of downtown technically illegal, it was increasingly difficult for protestors to leave the city, as<br />the Westlake Metro station and Downtown sections of I-5 were temporarily closed, and King County<br />buses stopped operating in the Downtown core.<br />Looting, vandalism, and peaceful protests in defiance of the curfew and the police department<br />continued throughout the evening, leaving the City and SPD struggling to adapt their tactics for<br />facilitating protests motivated by anger at the police themselves</p>
N1  - <p>n part because of these the protests on May 30 – June 1 were of a volume and scope that was<br />unprecedented for SPD. As one SPD Panelist noted, “these protests were events that you’d usually take<br />six to eight months, maybe even a year, to prepare for. We had days.” Again, because police were the<br />focus of the protests, community/police communications regarding these events were reduced.<br />Moreover, images of confrontations and conflagrations during these days, in Seattle and elsewhere,<br />were broadcast widely through social media and traditional media, enhancing tensions among many<br />participants on a daily basis. Events like the burning of a Minneapolis police building on May 28<br />heightened police fears of organized violence and arson among protesters, and the destruction of<br />downtown Seattle buildings and SPD vehicles on May 29 and 30 upset and concerned community<br />members, business owners and SPD alike. SPD officers who responded with uses of force and<br />deployments of less-lethal munitions had a similarly galvanizing effect on protesters, who became more<br />determined to protest by the day. Each new “back and forth” of violence or destruction was easily<br />accessible and shareable on social media and broadcast by traditional media. Panelists described each<br />subsequent day of protests pitting increasingly scared, angry, and exhausted community members </p>
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - TPD forms board to review 'critical' incidents
AU  - Conover, Christopher
T2  - Arizona Public Media
AB  - The new board will review the events that lead to the death of Carlos Ingram-Lopez in Tucson police custody in April.
LA  - en
UR  - https://news.azpm.org/p/news-splash/2020/7/7/176097-tpd-forms-board-to-review-critical-incidents/
Y2  - 2020/08/25/17:30:51
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Meet the company that writes the policies that protect cops
AU  - Pauly, Madison
T2  - Mother Jones
AB  - Lexipol says its policies keep police departments out of trouble. Critics say they let violent cops off the hook.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/ZQwBFE9o1uU
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2020/08/lexipol-police-policy-company/
Y2  - 2020/08/25/17:41:02
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - 3 Ways Lack of Police Accountability Contributes to Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Rebecca Brown
T2  - Innocence Project
AB  - The current system offers more protections for guilty police officers than innocent citizens.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/9206CleOWRo
DA  - 2020/08/17/T21:55:27+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.innocenceproject.org/lack-of-police-accountability-contributes-to-wrongful-conviction/
Y2  - 2020/08/25/17:45:13
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Amid independent inquiry of Jacob Blake’s shooting, advocates question Wisconsin’s police reviews
AU  - Bellware, Kim
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - In 2014, Wisconsin became the first state to pass a law requiring independent investigations of fatal police encounters.
DA  - 2020/08/24/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/08/24/jacob-blakes-shooting-will-get-an-independent-inquiry-advocates-say-wisconsins-law-doesnt-far-enough/
Y2  - 2020/08/25/19:26:06
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Another week in America, another police shooting
AU  - Ratcliffe, Jerry
T2  - Jerry Ratcliffe
AB  - A goal of zero police shootings is impossible in America for the foreseeable future. There are too many armed citizens, and some of them lik
DA  - 2020/08/27/T16:47:45.396Z
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.jratcliffe.net/post/another-week-in-america-another-police-shooting
Y2  - 2020/08/27/20:36:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Urgent Issues and Prospects In Reinforcing Interrogation Practices In the United States and Canada
AU  - Snook, Brent
AU  - Barron, Todd
AU  - Fallon, Laura
AU  - Kassin, Saul M.
AU  - Kleinman, Steven
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
AU  - Meissner, Christian
AU  - Morello, Lorca
AU  - Nirider, Laura
AU  - Redlich, Allison
AU  - Trainum, James
AB  - The current article presents a series of commentaries on urgent issues and prospects in reforming interrogation practices in Canada and the United States. Resea
DA  - 2020/08/07/
PY  - 2020
DP  - privpapers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3669413
Y2  - 2020/08/31/20:37:05
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Memo to Police Chiefs: Time for ‘Uncomfortable’ Conversations
AU  - Staff, T. C. R.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Despite a police culture that can be overly sensitive to criticizing other officers and reluctant to engage in tough conversations, law enforcement leaders should bring together their troops for candid “Monday-morning quarterbacking” sessions on how to do better, says the head of one of the country’s leading police think tanks.

A similar process is at the heart of the so-called “Sentinel Event” initiative, launched by the Department of Justice in 2017 to bring together stakeholders in local jurisdictions to identify the mistakes and missteps that lead to wrongful convictions and other tragedies in the justice system.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/CTZuijHjalg
DA  - 2020/08/31/T15:00:46+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-US
ST  - Memo to Police Chiefs
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2020/08/31/memo-to-police-chiefs-time-for-uncomfortable-conversations/
Y2  - 2020/08/31/20:40:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Military (in)decision-making process: a psychological framework to examine decision inertia in military operations
AU  - Shortland, Neil
AU  - Alison, Laurence
AU  - Barrett-Pink, Chloe
T2  - Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science
AB  - When understanding how members of the armed forces make decisions in war current military doctrine centers on the military decision-making process (MDMP) – a linear process of identifying, evaluating and choosing the best course of action, while wider theoretical contributions focus on recognition prime models (RPD) of decision-making. In this article, we argue that the SAFE-T model of critical incident decision-making can elucidate the process of decision-making during military operations. The SAFE-T model states that effective decision-making follows a sequential process of situation assessment (SA), plan formulation (F) and plan execution (E) phases, and team learning (T). The central innovation of the SAFE-T model; however, is that it highlights the different ways in which decision-making can de-rail from this optimal strategy, resulting in decision inertia. This article discusses the implications of employing the SAFE-T model as a framework to study military decision-making both in the lab and in the field.
DA  - 2018/11/02/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1080/1463922X.2018.1497726
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
SP  - 752
EP  - 772
SN  - 1463-922X
ST  - Military (in)decision-making process
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2018.1497726
Y2  - 2020/10/01/18:55:36
KW  - Decision making
KW  - decision inertia
KW  - military decision making
KW  - SAFE-T
KW  - uncertainty
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police Perfection: Examining the Effect of Trait Maximization on Police Decision-Making
AU  - Shortland, Neil
AU  - Thompson, Lisa
AU  - Alison, Laurence
T2  - Frontiers in Psychology
AB  - Police officers around the world must often select between equally unappealing, uncertain courses of action in an attempt to achieve the best outcome. Despite the immense importance of such decisions, there remains a lack of understanding in the study of individual differences in police decision-making. Here, using a sample of senior police officers recruited from decision-making training events across the United Kingdom (n = 96), we used the Least-worst Uncertain Choice Inventory For Emergency Responses (LUCIFER) to measure the effect of maximization on both domain-specific (police) and domain-general (military) decisions. In line with a wealth of research on traditional “consumer” decisions, we found that police officers who were “maximizers” found decisions more difficult. Gender and previous military experience also influenced the process of decision-making. Specifically, police officers with military experience took more time to assess the situation but were faster to choose a course of action and commit to it. Female police officers also were slower to assess the situation. As recent events show, the outcomes of police decisions have significant consequences for the public, the officers involved, the police force as a whole, and the wider population, yet psychological research has yet to fully explore the role of individual differences in how such decisions are made. While this study does not seek to identify factors associated with “good” or “better” decision-makers, it provides strong support for the need to factor in perspectives of the individual when creating theory, or applied tools, in support of police decision-making.
DA  - 2020/07/22/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01817
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 11
J2  - Front Psychol
SN  - 1664-1078
ST  - Police Perfection
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387631/
Y2  - 2020/10/01/18:57:19
L2  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387631/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Conflict: How Soldiers Make Impossible Decisions
AU  - Shortland, Neil D.
AU  - Alison, Laurence J.
AU  - Moran, Joseph M.
AB  - Conflict: How Soldiers Make Impossible Decisions is about making hard choices--where all outcomes are potentially negative. The authors draw on interviews conducted with soldiers about the situations they faced and the decisions they made at war. These are vivid and sometimes distressing stories. They form the data from which the authors explore the cognitive processes associated with choice, commitment to action and (sometimes) error, as well as goal directed thinking, innovation and courage. By referring to real cases, Conflict invites readers to consider their own responses under extreme circumstances and ask themselves how they would choose between difficult options. In doing so this book will go some way to helping readers understand what it feels like when choosing between least-worst decisions.
DA  - 2019/01/02/
PY  - 2019
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 249
LA  - en
PB  - Oxford University Press
SN  - 978-0-19-062345-6
ST  - Conflict
L2  - https://books.google.com/books?id=SpSBDwAAQBAJ
KW  - Psychology / Social Psychology
KW  - Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Military maximizers: Examining the effect of individual differences in maximization on military decision-making
AU  - Shortland, Neil
AU  - Alison, Laurence
AU  - Thompson, Lisa
T2  - Personality and Individual Differences
AB  - The present study investigates the role maximization plays in explaining individual differences in decision-making in high-uncertainty situations. There is a wealth of evidence that maximization affects decision-making, yet the types of decisions that have been studied have been consumer-focused. Despite the known importance of maximization, the boundaries of maximization have not been explored. This research extends the study of maximization by evidencing that individual differences in maximization influence decision-making with a sample of military personnel (n = 287) when they make both military (domain specific) and non-military (domain general) decisions. Furthermore, taxometric analysis allowed the researchers to explore the latent structure of maximization, identifying that it can also be conceptualized as a categorical (rather than a traditionally continuous) variable. Overall, high maximizers found decisions more difficult, were slower to choose an option and decide. These findings are in accord with a wealth of previous research on the effects of maximization, but demonstrate that the effect of maximization extends to applied decision-making with applied samples who make decisions in high-uncertainty situations. These findings have important theoretical implications for the study of maximization and the study of decision-making under uncertainty, as well as applied implications for issues such as personnel selection.
DA  - 2020/09/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110051
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 163
SP  - 110051
J2  - Personality and Individual Differences
LA  - en
SN  - 0191-8869
ST  - Military maximizers
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886920302403
Y2  - 2020/10/01/19:07:43
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Individual differences
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - Maximization
KW  - Taxometric
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Choice and consequence: A naturalistic analysis of least-worst decision-making in critical incidents
AU  - Shortland, Neil
AU  - Alison, Laurence
AU  - Thompson, Lisa
AU  - Barrett-Pink, Chloe
AU  - Swan, Lauren
T2  - Memory & Cognition
AB  - Individuals responsible for decision-making during critical incidents must wrestle with uncertainty, complexity, time pressure, and accountability. Critical incidents are defined as rare events where demand outstrips resources and where there are high stakes, uncertainty, and dynamic and ever-shifting elements that frustrate clear predictions. This paper argues that critical-incident decision-making is highly complex because many critical incidents have no such analogue, and thus there is no prior experience to draw upon. Further, while prescriptive models argue for a selection of a “best” outcome, rarely in critical incidents is there a “best” outcome and, instead, more likely a “least-worst” one. Most options are high risk, most will carry negative consequences, and many will be immutable and irreversible once committed to. This paper analyzes data collected from critical decision method interviews with members of the United States Armed Forces to explore the psychological processes of making (or not making) least-worst decisions in high-consequence situations. Specifically, and based on thematic analysis of interviews with those who have made least-worst decisions while serving as part of the Armed Forces, we identify a host of exogenous (external to the incident such as resources, political agendas) and endogenous factors (features of the incident itself—size, scale, duration) that affect the decision-making process. These factors have, to date, not been factored into theoretical models of how high-stakes decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty.
DA  - 2020/06/12/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.3758/s13421-020-01056-y
DP  - Springer Link
J2  - Mem Cogn
LA  - en
SN  - 1532-5946
ST  - Choice and consequence
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01056-y
Y2  - 2020/10/01/20:18:38
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Models of Prosecutor-Led Diversion Programs in the United States and Beyond
AU  - Wright, Ronald F
AU  - Levine, Kay L
T2  - Annual Review of Criminology
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 4
J2  - Annual Review of Criminology
SN  - 2572-4568
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongly convicted: Perspectives on failed justice
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra D
AU  - Humphrey, John A
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Public policy responses to wrongful convictions
AU  - Baumgartner, Frank R
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra D
AU  - Cook, Kimberly J
T2  - Examining wrongful convictions: Stepping back, moving forward
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
SP  - 251
EP  - 266
J2  - Examining wrongful convictions: Stepping back, moving forward
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Life after death row: Exonerees' search for community and identity
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra D
AU  - Cook, Kimberly J
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
PB  - Rutgers University Press
SN  - 0-8135-5339-3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Coping with innocence after death row
AU  - Westervelt, Saundra D
AU  - Cook, Kimberly J
T2  - Contexts
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 32
EP  - 37
J2  - Contexts
SN  - 1536-5042
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE COMMUNITY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Subordination, Consumption, Resistance, and Transformation
AU  - Bell, Monica C.
T2  - Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
AB  - This article sets forth four modalities of the relationship between members of marginalized communities and the criminal justice system: subordination, consumption, resistance, and transformation. These modalities attempt to break out of traditional ways of thinking about community members’ formal roles in the system—defendants, witnesses, victims, judges, prosecutors, police officers, correctional officers, and the indeterminate but oft-invoked “community.” Instead, these modalities are fluid and situational. This article also calls for new research, scholarship, and advocacy that takes seriously how members of communities that the criminal legal system most deeply and directly affects engage in these fluid and situational modalities. Attention to the complexity of “community” is essential to creating lasting change in social systems of blame and punishment.
DA  - 2019///ed
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1017/S1742058X1900016X
DP  - Cambridge University Press
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 197
EP  - 220
LA  - en
SN  - 1742-058X, 1742-0598
ST  - THE COMMUNITY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
UR  - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race/article/community-in-criminal-justice/533413EC7BEE4C6D5A8D357448C7F1A0
Y2  - 2020/11/17/18:54:30
KW  - Policing
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Community
KW  - Agency
KW  - Legal Estrangement
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Whose Lives Matter? Race, Space, and the Devaluation of Homicide Victims in Minority Communities:
AU  - White, Kailey
AU  - Stuart, Forrest
AU  - Morrissey, Shannon L.
T2  - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
AB  - The recurring, horrific deaths of minority residents at the hands of police officers and vigilantes have led social movements and international protests to ampl...
DA  - 2020/09/17/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/2332649220948184
DP  - journals.sagepub.com
LA  - en
ST  - Whose Lives Matter?
UR  - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2332649220948184
AN  - Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA
Y2  - 2020/11/17/19:11:17
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - A Modest Proposal
AU  - Roman, John
T2  - External Processing
AB  - Government agencies share all the problems they seek to fix. Why don’t they share the solutions?

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/Osw2LyhUuNM
UR  - https://johnkroman.substack.com/p/on-disrupting-government
Y2  - 2020/11/17/19:13:10
N1  - <p><span style="--tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The only explanation for the crime decline that defies categorization is the<span> </span></span><a style="--tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration: underline; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;" rel="" href="https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/089533004773563485">end of the crack epidemic</a><span style="--tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">. My read on this is that there was no great causal mechanism that caused the epidemic to end. Yes, mass incarceration was likely a precipitator of the end, but mostly the data suggest that the end was organic—there were few new cocaine initiates by the early 1990s, and without replacements for the people who went into recovery, or prison, crack use turned from an epidemic to a lower prevalence, but still too common, drug of abuse. Did young people just say no? Did they see too much carnage in the previous generation? Were they too afraid of prison? We don’t know. What is clear is that none of the categories above was the primary explanation for the crime drop.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="--tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">That doesn’t mean lead, abortion, and prison do not help to explain the crime decline, they do (well, lead and mass incarceration do). But they are sledgehammers on an anvil. They are the equivalent to looking at Singapore, which has almost no violent crime and ignoring the substantial limits on civil liberties that accompany that safety. It’s a massive trade-off and there is a much smarter path</span></span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - On the latest episode of The Dose podcast, learn how health care and criminal justice reform efforts work together. | Commonwealth Fund
AU  - Seervai, Shanoor
T2  - The Dose
DA  - 2020/11/13/
PY  - 2020
M3  - The Commonwealth Fund
UR  - https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/podcast/2020/nov/medicaid-expansion-more-bus-pass-and-good-luck-formerly-incarcerated?utm_medium=email&utm_source=alert&utm_campaign=The%20Dose
Y2  - 2020/11/17/19:17:37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - $1.56 Million Settlement for Texas Jail Death Due to Drug Withdrawal
AU  - Clarke, Matt
T2  - Prison Legal News
AB  - The article informs that officials of the Gregg County has agreed to settle a case involving the death of prisoner Amy Lynn Cowling, who was denied the prescription medications she had been taking, resulting in fatal seizures at the Gregg County Jail in Texas. It mentions that Vicki Bankhead, mother of prisoner has filed a case against Gregg County for federal civil rights action due to death of Cowling for taking prescribed medications.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 50
EP  - 50
SN  - 10757678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=102811709&site=ehost-live
AN  - 102811709
DB  - i3h
N1  - <p>Clarke, Matt; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p50; Subject Term: GREGG County (Tex.) -- Trials, litigation, etc.; Subject Term: PRISONS -- Texas; Subject Term: DRUGS; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - BANKHEAD, Vicki -- Trials, litigation, etc.
KW  - COWLING, Amy Lynn
KW  - GREGG County (Tex.) -- Trials, litigation, etc.
KW  - PRISONS -- Texas
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Report of the Tucson Sentinel Event Review Board (SERB) on the Deaths in Custody of Mr. Damien Alvarado and Mr. Carlos Adrian Ingram-Lopez
AU  - Sentinel Event Review Board
AB  - The deaths of Damien Alvarado and Carlos Adrian Ingram-Lopez are two of five in-custody
deaths over the past decade (one in 2010, two in 2012, and the recent two) that involved some
use of restraints imposed by the Tucson Police Department. TPD leadership believes that any
death in custody is a tragedy that should be carefully reviewed and understood, and
improvements to procedures implemented to reduce the chance that any such event can
happen in the future.
The SERB is a multi-stakeholder group, including representatives from TPD, the Tucson Fire
Department and its Emergency Medical Services (“TFD” or “EMS”), the Public Safety
Communications Department, staff from the offices of the Mayor and Councilmembers, the
Community Police Advisory Review Board (“CPARB”), and a diverse array of community
participants, including experts in critical care, the care of individuals with mental or behavioral
health issues, and experts in cultural literacy and racial justice.
Assisting the SERB were John Hollway, Executive Director of the Quattrone Center for the Fair
Administration of Justice from the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (“Quattrone
Center”) and Michael Scott, Clinical Professor and Director of the Center for Problem-Oriented
Policing at the Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions at Arizona State
University. Mr. Hollway and Mr. Scott are experts in the conduct of sentinel event reviews.

Renee Koser comment on Google Forum about using the report as part of a training. https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/ArtDcs37MzU
DA  - 2020/09/18/
PY  - 2020
PB  - City of Tucson
UR  - https://www.tucsonaz.gov/files/police/SERB/In_Custody_SERB_Final_Report_Sept_2020.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Tragedy as teacher: curing injustice through accountability tracing
AU  - Harris, Danielle
T2  - The San Francisco Examiner
AB  - The answers may be grim. For so long, our court system has elevated punishment over addressing the roots of harm and treating known diseases with known treatments. And our brand of punishment is so harsh, it guarantees those punished will emerge worse than where they started, with no ongoing support to boot. We repeat the same failed approach again and again, expecting a different result each time. A collective insanity if there ever was one.



https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/LqNZiV42AJM
DA  - 2021/02/14/T11:30:00-08:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
ST  - Tragedy as teacher
UR  - https://www.sfexaminer.com/opinion/tragedy-as-teacher-curing-injustice-through-accountability-tracing/
Y2  - 2021/02/16/20:50:00
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Alternatives to Police Response to Behavioral Crises | Duke University School of Law
AU  - Duke Law
AB  - Police have become the de facto first responders to behavioral health crises despite rarely receiving adequate training to safely and effectively handle the situation. The consequences of this are reflected in the disproportionate number of people with mental illnesses and substance use disorders killed by police every year and held in jails and prisons. A panel of experts - Dr. Tracie Keesee, Co-founder and Senior Vice President of Justice Initiatives at the Center for Policing Equity; Timothy Black, Director of Consulting for White Bird Clinic; and Christy E. Lopez, Professor from Practice at Georgetown Law - will discuss alternatives to police responses when it comes to behavioral health crises. Dr. Marvin Swartz will moderate. This event will also feature a Q&A. Registration is required. RSVP here: http://bit.ly/PoliceAlternatives. Sponsored by the Wilson Center for Science and Justice. For more information, contact Marlyn Dail at wcsj@law.duke.edu.



https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/nx1tprLOZU8
DA  - 2021/02/16/
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://law.duke.edu/events/alternatives-police-response-behavioral-crises/
Y2  - 2021/02/16/20:52:39
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - James Ridgeway’s Solitary Reporting
AU  - Gonnerman, Jennifer
T2  - New Yorker
AB  - Each week, Ridgeway leaves his home in Washington, D.C., walks to his local post office, and returns with about fifty letters from men and women locked in solitary-confinement units in prisons around the country. The letters began arriving in 2010, soon after Ridgeway launched a Web site, called Solitary Watch, with an editor named Jean Casella. “When we started, there was nobody writing about this,” she said. Ridgeway was then seventy-three years old. He dug into his retirement fund to help cover startup costs, and now, when he goes to the post office each week, he pushes a walker.





https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/hqmUpA9PoYM
DA  - 2016/01/27/
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/james-ridgeways-solitary-reporting
Y2  - 2021/02/16/20:56:11
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Justice Journalist James Ridgeway, Co-Founder of Solitary Watch, Dies at 84
AU  - Handelman, Stephen
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Ridgeway's website, focusing on inmates confined in administrative segregation, capped a 50-year career that made him “one of the legends of modern muckraking.”
DA  - 2021/02/15/T12:15:27+00:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2021/02/15/justice-journalist-james-ridgeway-co-founder-of-solitary-watch-dies-at-84/
Y2  - 2021/02/16/21:49:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing the Face of Police Lineups: Delivering More Information From Witnesses
AU  - Brewer, Neil
AU  - Doyle, James
T2  - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
AB  - Police lineups are widely used despite evidence that eyewitnesses frequently err by failing to identify the culprit or mistakenly identifying innocent suspects or lineup fillers. We examine how police investigators, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges interpret the information witnesses provide when confronted with a traditional lineup and describe one alternative procedure that departs significantly from current practice. This alternative abandons the categorical witness decision, replacing it with confidence judgments about each lineup member’s match to memory for the culprit. Compared with the traditional lineup, this approach provides more nuanced information about suspect guilt. We challenge criminal justice researchers and professionals to examine the potential informational gains this approach offers—and to explore other genuine alternatives—rather than merely tinkering with the existing approach. Finally, we emphasize that a truly collaborative engagement with justice system professionals will be more productive than researchers being the sole arbiters of model practices.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/buQDKr8oHXs
DA  - 2021/02/13/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.12.004
DP  - ScienceDirect
J2  - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
LA  - en
SN  - 2211-3681
ST  - Changing the Face of Police Lineups
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368120301236
Y2  - 2021/02/17/15:28:17
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Wandering Officer
AU  - Grunwald, Ben
AU  - Rappaport, John
T2  - Yale Law Journal
AB  - This Article conducts a systematic investigation of “wandering officers”—law-enforcement officers fired by one department who find work at another agency. It reports on the prevalence, labor mobility, and behavior of these officers. The Article also considers explanations for their continued employment and suggests potential policy reforms.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/12jDKLa1yxY
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
VL  - 129
IS  - 6
UR  - https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/the-wandering-officer
Y2  - 2021/02/17/15:29:45
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Restorative justice provides accountability, healing, and justice
AU  - Sorokin, Leo
T2  - Boston Globe
AB  - https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/12jDKLa1yxY
DA  - 2021/02/04/
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/02/04/opinion/restorative-justice-provides-accountability-healing-justice/
Y2  - 2021/02/17/15:33:40
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Serial Killer Connections Through Cold Cases
AU  - Martin, Eric
AU  - Chase, Ruby J
AU  - Schwarting, Elizabeth Dawn
T2  - National Institute of Justice
AB  - There is a cold case[1] crisis in the United States. In 1965, approximately 80% of homicide cases were cleared, according to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, but in 2017 only about 60% of homicide cases were resolved.[2] An estimated 250,000 unresolved homicides exist in the United States, and more than 100,000 have accumulated in the past 20 years alone (see exhibit 1).[3]

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/KHtrUlL15kc
LA  - en
UR  - https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/serial-killer-connections-through-cold-cases
Y2  - 2021/02/17/16:52:11
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Cost of Police Misconduct Litigation
AU  - Piven, Ben
T2  - Arnold Foundation
AB  - What don’t we know about holding police accountable?

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/NRNRI-KV0XM
DA  - 2021/01/13/
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/the-cost-of-police-misconduct-litigation/
Y2  - 2021/02/17/18:24:58
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Delayed Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A False Sense of Security.
AU  - Weingart, Saul N.
AU  - Schiff, Gordon
AU  - James, Ted
T2  - PSNet Patient Safety Network
AB  - https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/0TfbZ1j843w
DA  - 2020/12//
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
ST  - Delayed Breast Cancer Diagnosis
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/web-mm/delayed-breast-cancer-diagnosis-false-sense-security
Y2  - 2021/02/17/18:27:01
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Comprehensive Opioid, Stimulant, and Substance Abuse Program (COSSAP)
AU  - Bureau of Justice Assistance
AB  - https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/PkwZ8GM6JIM
UR  - https://www.cossapresources.org/Tools/OFR
Y2  - 2021/02/17/18:29:39
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - When Boston police officers fail to tell the truth, the department rarely calls a lie a lie - The Boston Globe
AU  - Valencia, Milton
AU  - Ryan, Andrew
AU  - Allen, Evan
T2  - Boston Globe
AB  - https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/8ZA_LWxgXJ8
DA  - 2021/01/02/
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/01/02/metro/when-boston-police-officers-fail-tell-truth-department-rarely-calls-all-lie-lie/?event=event25
Y2  - 2021/02/17/18:31:26
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Opinion | 2020 Taught Us How to Fix This
AU  - Brooks, David
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Our current model of social change isn’t working.
....The superficial way to change minds and behavior doesn’t seem to work, to bridge either racial, partisan or class lines. Real change seems to involve putting bodies from different groups in the same room, on the same team and in the same neighborhood. That’s national service programs. That’s residential integration programs across all lines of difference. That’s workplace diversity, equity and inclusion — permanent physical integration, not training.

This points to a more fundamental vision of social change, but it is a hard-won lesson from a bitterly divisive year.


https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/caehL_ygWMc
DA  - 2020/12/31/
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/31/opinion/social-change-bias-training.html
Y2  - 2021/02/17/18:33:39
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Social Conditions and Trends
KW  - Workplace Hazards and Violations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sensemaking in detective work: The social nature of crime investigation
AU  - Hällgren, Markus
AU  - Lindberg, Ola
AU  - Rantatalo, Oscar
T2  - International Journal of Police Science & Management
AB  - In this article, we contribute to the knowledge on police detectives’ work practices, and report how police detectives make sense of casework in a social manner. As our research question, we address the ways in which detective work can be understood as a social process. To target this question, we conducted an ethnographic study that examines how detectives who work with domestic violence and high-volume crimes strive to frame and understand events in everyday investigative practice. The data consist of approximately 200 hours of ethnographic data and interviews from two departments in a Swedish police station. The results indicate that detectives’ sensemaking of casework took place through two principal practices: a concluding practice and a supporting practice. Furthermore, the findings show that detectives’ work is highly social and procedural. This suggests that detectives’ work practice is of a social nature and that contacts between investigators are important to take into account in the organization of an investigative department.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/XSNq0EalbVU
DA  - 2020/12/30/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/1461355720980759
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 1461355720980759
J2  - International Journal of Police Science & Management
LA  - en
SN  - 1461-3557
ST  - Sensemaking in detective work
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355720980759
Y2  - 2021/02/17/19:32:00
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Video: How the Police Killed Breonna Taylor
AU  - Browne, Malachy
AU  - Singhvi, Anjali
AU  - Reneau, Natalie
AU  - Jordan, Drew
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - None of the police officers who raided Breonna Taylor’s home used body cameras, impeding the public from a full understanding of what happened. The Times’s visual investigation team built a 3-D model of the scene and pieced together critical sequences of events to show how poor planning and shoddy police work led to a fatal outcome.   

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/W9W87JMglJM
DA  - 2020/12/28/
PY  - 2020
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - Video
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000007348445/breonna-taylor-death-cops.html
Y2  - 2021/02/17/19:46:01
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Cameron, Daniel J (1985- )
KW  - Cosgrove, Myles (Louisville, Ky, Police Officer)
KW  - Hankison, Brett (Louisville, Ky, Police Officer)
KW  - Louisville (Ky)
KW  - Mattingly, Jon (Louisville, Ky, Police Officer)
KW  - Taylor, Breonna (1993-2020)
KW  - Walker, Kenneth (March 13, 2020 Shooting)
KW  - your-feed-visual-investigations
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - DPIC Special Report: The Innocence Epidemic
AU  - Death Penalty Information Center
T2  - Death Penalty Information Center
AB  - death sentences — uncovered nearly two dozen older cases that at first glance appeared to qualify as death-row exonerations. With these eleven prior exonerations added to the list, DPIC has undertaken an analysis of many of the geographic and demographic features of these cases and an examination...

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/argImnppNeI
LA  - en-US
ST  - DPIC Special Report
UR  - https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-special-report-the-innocence-epidemic
Y2  - 2021/02/19/19:58:53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - “What works?” Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Investigative Interviewing Research Literature
AU  - Meissner, Christian A.
T2  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
AB  - While the practice of investigative interviewing has traditionally been rooted in customary knowledge, decades of research have now enhanced our understanding of the limits of these practices and led to the development of novel, theoretically informed approaches. The maturity of any science is likely best evidenced in the conduct of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the investigative interviewing research literature has reached just such a period in its development. This paper reviews current ‘best practices’ in research synthesis, describes the variety of meta-analyses conducted in the investigative interviewing research literature to date, and introduces the nine reviews that comprise the current special issue. It concludes by summarizing the lessons learned from these syntheses with respect to improving our research methods, measures, and approaches in the investigative interviewing literature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/3jpIdCUPp1M
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3808
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - n/a
IS  - n/a
LA  - en
SN  - 1099-0720
ST  - “What works?
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.3808
Y2  - 2021/02/19/20:13:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bending Towards Justice: Perceptions of Justice among Human Trafficking Survivors
AU  - Hussemann, Jeanette
AU  - Owens, Colleen
AU  - Love, Hanna
AU  - Yu, Lilly
AU  - McCoy, Evelyn
AU  - Flynn, Abbey
AU  - Woods, Kyla
AB  - This study identified gaps in knowledge about how survivors of human trafficking and stakeholders involved in their cases perceive justice in managing their cases, with attention to the potential for using alternative models of justice in these cases. The study conducted semi-structured interviews with 80 survivors of human trafficking and 100 social-services and criminal-justice stakeholders in eight diverse sites in the United States. An analysis of the interviews determined that most survivors did not support traditional forms of retributive justice for their traffickers, such as incarceration. Rather, their preference for justice was to focus on preventing human trafficking. Survivors’ perceptions of justice for themselves focused on receiving assistance in achieving independence and receiving resources that helped them achieve self-defined goals. Both the survivors and stakeholders interviewed expressed concern about the criminal justice system’s ability to help survivors achieve their desired outcomes. Survivors who became involved in traditional criminal justice processing were less likely to indicate they felt involved in the decisions made in their cases; however, they generally felt that they were treated with respect by both service providers and some criminal justice stakeholders. Both survivors and social-service providers viewed alternative forms of justice - such as procedural, restorative, and transitional justice - as structures for helping survivors achieve individualized goals. These findings provide the most comprehensive understanding to date of how human trafficking survivors and stakeholders perceive justice in cases of human trafficking. This should provide guidance for how the structure for managing such cases could be improved. 2 tables, 1 figure, and appended interview protocols and questions
DA  - 2018/04/01/
PY  - 2018
SP  - 46
LA  - English
UR  - https://search.proquest.com/other-sources/bending-towards-justice-perceptions-among-human/docview/754085346/se-2?accountid=26333
AN  - 754085346; 251631
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/251631.pdf
N1  - <p>Availability - US Dept of Justice NIJ Pub, Washington, DC 20531</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - NIJ final report (11336)
KW  - National Institute of Justice (NIJ) (08432)
KW  - Trafficking in Persons (92010)
KW  - Restorative Justice (92015)
KW  - Victim attitudes (08772)
KW  - Victim reactions to the Criminal Justice System (10037)
KW  - Alternative court procedures (09252)
KW  - Alternative dispute settlement (04945)
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Pain, Suffering and Jury Awards: A Study of the Cost of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Cohen, Mark A.
AB  - This paper estimates society’s valuation of avoiding wrongful convictions and the time spent in prison based on cross sectional regression analysis of awards and settlements for individuals who were wrongfully convicted and incarcerated for crimes they did not commit. Key variables of interest are number of days spent in prison, days on probation, demographics of wrongfully convicted and their families. The sample consists of all known individuals (n=514) who successfully sued for damages and received payment through either trial or settlement between 1992 and 2019. Wrongful convictions cause significant tangible and intangible harm to individuals and their families which can be monetized using ex post jury awards. The average “cost” of a wrongful conviction is estimated to be $5.7 million, or $1,241 per day of incarceration. The marginal cost decreases over time: initial incarceration is valued at over $128,000 for the first day; year one is valued at $1.65 million ($4,523/day), the marginal cost of the 10th year is estimated to be $293,249 ($803/day). Wrongfully convicting one individual is about as costly as the harm caused by a career criminal over their lifetime. Future research might focus on society’s ex ante willingness-to-pay to avoid wrongful convictions. This study provides policymakers with a tool to value increased expenditures for DNA testing, indigent defense counsel, and other innovations designed to reduce wrongful convictions.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2021/02/11/
PY  - 2021
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3750300
ST  - Pain, Suffering and Jury Awards
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3750300
Y2  - 2021/03/01/22:33:24
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - cost of incarceration
KW  - false imprisonment
KW  - jury awards
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sentinel event reviews in the criminal justice system: a review of the literature.
AU  - Friend, Karen B.
AU  - Gordon, Mary
AU  - Scarbrough, Bill
AU  - Collins, David
AU  - Fritz, Kyra
AU  - Smoot, Sean
AU  - Copple, James
AU  - Copple, Colleen
AU  - Joyce, Nola
T2  - Criminal Justice Studies
AB  - Trust between law enforcement officers and the communities they serve is essential to the safety of our citizens. Relationships between police and communities have, however, become increasingly strained, with reports of deadly events and wrongful convictions filling the television, newspapers, and the Internet. While the model of conducting internal investigations to determine blame and penalize the individuals involved has been used for years, a new paradigm to bring systemic change is increasingly being embraced by the criminal justice field. Historically used in other disciplines, sentinel event reviews have been employed to understand organizational failures. Multiple key community stakeholders gather to conduct a root cause analysis, which is an empirical approach that involves data collection to understand the systems-level causes of organizational events. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on sentinel event reviews in the criminal justice system, borrowing heavily from other disciplines where they are already well-established. We then examine the literature on organizational adoption, since the ultimate goal of sentinel event reviews is to lead to stronger systems that can learn from systemic mistakes and allow the dissemination of best practices to benefit both law enforcement and the individuals they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/12//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
SP  - 337
EP  - 353
J2  - Criminal Justice Studies
SN  - 1478601X
UR  - https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/91822769/1478601x.2020.174122720221001-1-13f54pa-libre.pdf?1664637810=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DSentinel_event_reviews_in_the_criminal_j.pdf&Expires=1687281915&Signature=XUmVDsqXl~qLhxlsg792ZGoNT2L9L8PxNLpmZyphfUVp10sX0YEgrpFfVKOmycaqLO5LyZLot2piwTgRcjLH3MZbtNROTOmpwy8-2vSavKROKRJqxgF5OExNjXqPAv0Be7yeFe-O~N6mDZzzcWGa8NWQXwUscOzRZP~frrylrJSe35wQvg-4yXIlTHI~JdnQJFEMk1C8lUNkQo2tEd-IlIun-CgvzjifC8wYl47zBLHdzNDlBXt3-AIueX0LkQ6KIL8kLhkhQyhJbfs8Ph2ov2pNi-ceOAdLf2MEt27a4toP54ykuWiNCuWthvL5NIfZom5JiZVZLQo1CrcUSvWQXw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147311245; Friend, Karen B. 1,2; Email Address: kfriend@pire.org; Gordon, Mary 1; Scarbrough, Bill 1; Collins, David 1; Fritz, Kyra 1; Smoot, Sean 3; Copple, James 4; Copple, Colleen 4; Joyce, Nola 5; Affiliations: 1 : Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, USA; 2 : Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 3 : Police Benevolent and Protective Association of Illinois, Springfield, IL, USA; 4 : Strategic Applications International LLC, VA, USA; 5 : 21CP Solutions, Chicago, IL, USA;  Source Info: Dec2020, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p337; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Subject Term: POLICE; Subject Term: TRUSTS & trustees; Subject Term: ROOT cause analysis; Subject Term: POLICE attitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: accountability; Author-Supplied Keyword: law enforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: root cause analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel event review; Author-Supplied Keyword: systems approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: trust; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8759</p>
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147311245; Friend, Karen B. 1,2; Email Address: kfriend@pire.org; Gordon, Mary 1; Scarbrough, Bill 1; Collins, David 1; Fritz, Kyra 1; Smoot, Sean 3; Copple, James 4; Copple, Colleen 4; Joyce, Nola 5; Affiliations: 1 : Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, USA; 2 : Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 3 : Police Benevolent and Protective Association of Illinois, Springfield, IL, USA; 4 : Strategic Applications International LLC, VA, USA; 5 : 21CP Solutions, Chicago, IL, USA;  Source Info: Dec2020, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p337; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Subject Term: POLICE; Subject Term: TRUSTS & trustees; Subject Term: ROOT cause analysis; Subject Term: POLICE attitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: accountability; Author-Supplied Keyword: law enforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: root cause analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel event review; Author-Supplied Keyword: systems approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: trust; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8759</p>
KW  - POLICE
KW  - root cause analysis
KW  - accountability
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - law enforcement
KW  - LITERATURE reviews
KW  - POLICE attitudes
KW  - ROOT cause analysis
KW  - Sentinel event review
KW  - systems approach
KW  - trust
KW  - TRUSTS & trustees
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AT PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS LEADING TO WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS IN "NO CRIME" CASES: THERE WAS NO CRIME, BUT THEY DID THE TIME.
AU  - Zakirova, Irina
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - The article analyzes the occurrence of wrongful convictions in crimes that did not take place. Topics discussed include how the U.S. National Registry of Exonerations define no crime cases, the increase in the occurrence of accidental deaths as reported by the U.S. National Safety Council, and the correlation between official misconduct and wrongful conviction.
DA  - 2018//07/2018/2019
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 843
EP  - 871
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138305779&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138305779; Zakirova, Irina 1; Affiliation:  1: Adjunct Assistant Professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York; Source Info: 2018/2019, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p843; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIME; Subject Term: MISCONDUCT in office; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Safety Council; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - MISCONDUCT in office
KW  - POSTCONVICTION remedies
KW  - CRIME
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - NATIONAL Safety Council
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Moratorium on the Presentation of DNA Evidence.
AU  - Kunkel, Declan Riley
T2  - International Social Science Review
AB  - The article focuses on wrongful convictions by calling for a temporary moratorium on the presentation of DNA evidence at trial, implemented until federal standards are put in place to regulate the presentation of DNA evidence. Topics discussed include reliance on DNA analysis differs from what its legislative creators intended, problems in DNA testing procedures, including amending jury instructions and use of segments known as short-tandem repeats (STRs) in DNA.
DA  - 2018/09//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
J2  - International Social Science Review
SN  - 02782308
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=134080009&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 134080009; Kunkel, Declan Riley 1; Affiliation:  1: Bachelor of Arts candidate at Yale University; Source Info: 2018, Vol. 94 Issue 3, preceding p1; Subject Term: EXCULPATORY DNA evidence; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: DNA analysis; Subject Term: JURY instructions; Subject Term: SHORT tandem repeat analysis; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - EXCULPATORY DNA evidence
KW  - SHORT tandem repeat analysis
KW  - JURY instructions
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - DNA analysis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A new forensic tool to date human blood pools.
AU  - Smith, F. R.
AU  - Nicloux, C.
AU  - Brutin, D.
T2  - Scientific Reports
AB  - Courtrooms are asking for reliable scientific evidence in order to prevent wrongful convictions. Thus, a more rigorous approach to forensic science approved by scientific methods is promoted. The study of human blood dynamics in the context of forensic science is becoming a widespread research topic, although the physics behind wetting and drying of blood is not completely understood. Based on the morphological changes of drying blood pools, the following work presents a patentable method to quantitatively date these blood pools for forensic purposes. As for drying drops of blood, cracking patterns are observed but they are more disordered. Similar disordered crack patterns are observed in the case of gels, their evaporation process is, therefore, presented since this topic has been thoroughly investigated. We aim to find reliable patterns that could give information concerning the evolution of a blood pool over time to lead to practical application of this knowledge. An empirical model is established between final dried blood patterns and the generating mechanism, yielding application in bloodstain pattern analysis for forensic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/05/25/
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
J2  - Scientific Reports
SN  - 20452322
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143396794&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143396794; Smith, F. R. 1; Email Address: fiona.smith@outlook.fr Nicloux, C. 2 Brutin, D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Aix-Marseille University, IUSTI UMR CNRS 7343, 13007, Marseille, France  2: Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, 95300 Pontoise, France, Cergy, France  3: Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France; Source Info: 5/25/2020, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BLOODSTAIN pattern analysis; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: FLASH distillation process in saline water conversion; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC method; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7916</p>
KW  - FORENSIC sciences
KW  - SCIENTIFIC method
KW  - BLOODSTAIN pattern analysis
KW  - FLASH distillation process in saline water conversion
KW  - WETTING
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A NEW RIGHT OF APPEAL AS A RESPONSE TO WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: IS IT ENOUGH?
AU  - Kirby, Michael
T2  - Criminal Law Journal
DA  - 2019/09//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
SP  - 299
EP  - 305
J2  - Criminal Law Journal
SN  - 03141160
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=142467218&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142467218; Kirby, Michael 1; Affiliations: 1 : Associate Professor Bibi Sangha and Dr Robert Moles of Flinders University of South Australia;  Source Info: 2019, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p299; Subject Term: APPELLATE procedure; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: PRISONERS; Subject Term: STATUTORY remedies; Subject Term: LEGAL procedure; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - APPELLATE procedure
KW  - PRISONERS
KW  - LEGAL procedure
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - STATUTORY remedies
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AT PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS LEADING TO WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS IN "NO CRIME" CASES: THERE WAS NO CRIME, BUT THEY DID THE TIME.
AU  - Zakirova, Irina
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - The article analyzes the occurrence of wrongful convictions in crimes that did not take place. Topics discussed include how the U.S. National Registry of Exonerations define no crime cases, the increase in the occurrence of accidental deaths as reported by the U.S. National Safety Council, and the correlation between official misconduct and wrongful conviction.
DA  - 2018//07/2018/2019
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 843
EP  - 871
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138305779&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138305779; Zakirova, Irina 1; Affiliation:  1: Adjunct Assistant Professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York; Source Info: 2018/2019, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p843; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIME; Subject Term: MISCONDUCT in office; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Safety Council; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - MISCONDUCT in office
KW  - POSTCONVICTION remedies
KW  - CRIME
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - NATIONAL Safety Council
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An exploratory examination of intellectual disability and mental illness associated with alleged false confessions.
AU  - Mogavero, Melanie Clark
T2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
AB  - The National Registry of Exonerations tracks cases of individuals who have been wrongly convicted and exonerated since 1989. Their most recent report revealed that 12% of those exonerated gave false confessions. The current study used data from the National Registry of Exonerations and focused on a sample of 2,378 individuals convicted of felonies with a focus on sexual offenses, as such crimes tend to be viewed as particularly heinous with increased consequences for those convicted. After examining various legal and extralegal factors, the results showed that those accused of sexual offenses, particularly sexual murders, had a greater likelihood of giving a false confession than those accused of non-sexual offenses. The likelihood of falsely confessing was higher among juveniles, those with mental illness and intellectual disabilities, and cases with multiple suspects. Females had a greater odds of falsely confessing to murder than males. Implications and recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/07//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 299
EP  - 316
J2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
SN  - 07353936
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145052116&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 145052116; Mogavero, Melanie Clark 1; Email Address: mmogavero@georgian.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Criminal Justice, Anthropology, Sociology and Human Rights, Georgian Court University, 900 Lakewood Avenue, Lakewood NJ, , USA; Source Info: Jul2020, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p299; Subject Term: MENTAL illness; Subject Term: MENTAL disabilities; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: PEOPLE with mental disabilities; Subject Term: CONFESSION (Law); Subject Term: SEX crimes -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: DECEPTION; Subject Term: HOMICIDE; Subject Term: JURISPRUDENCE; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: journal article; Full Text Word Count: 10456</p>
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - MENTAL illness
KW  - HOMICIDE
KW  - PEOPLE with mental disabilities
KW  - SEX crimes -- Law & legislation
KW  - MENTAL disabilities
KW  - JURISPRUDENCE
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - CONFESSION (Law)
KW  - DECEPTION
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Book Review: Blind Justice: A Former Prosecutor Exposes the Psychology and Politics of Wrongful Convictions.
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications)
DA  - 2019/09//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 309
EP  - 310
J2  - International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications)
SN  - 10575677
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=137592625&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137592625; Zalman, Marvin 1; Affiliations: 1 : Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA;  Source Info: Sep2019, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p309; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 982</p>
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - BLIND Justice: A Former Prosecutor Exposes the Psychology & Politics of Wrongful Convictions (Book)
KW  - GODSEY, Mark
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Book Review: Exonerated: A History of the Innocence Movement.
AU  - Siegel, David M.
T2  - International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications)
DA  - 2019/09//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 307
EP  - 309
J2  - International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications)
SN  - 10575677
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=137592629&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137592629; Siegel, David M. 1; Affiliations: 1 : New England Law Boston, Boston, MA, USA;  Source Info: Sep2019, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p307; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 1106</p>
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - INNOCENCE Project
KW  - EXONERATED: A History of the Innocence Movement (Book)
KW  - NORRIS, Robert J.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - COERCED FATE: HOW NEGOTIATION MODELS LEAD TO FALSE CONFESSIONS.
AU  - JANZEN, KIERA
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
AB  - Police interrogators across the United States employ tactics that can lead to coerced, often false, confessions. While police departments have shifted away from physically coercive methods of interrogation, psychologically coercive practices that utilize deceit have taken their place. The reliability of confession evidence becomes a significant concern when interrogators elicit confessions using these techniques. Further demonstrating the need for change in this realm, false confessions and wrongful convictions place a financial burden on cities and taxpayers, who foot the bill for settlements and damages resulting from these cases. The current legal framework in the U.S. permits-by failing to explicitly prohibit-these tactics, and police departments across the nation implement and encourage officers to use them. The psychologically coercive methods that police employ in interrogations share elements with methods that parties often use in negotiations. To analyze why interrogators engage in these practices and why they are successful in eliciting confessions, this Comment examines psychologically coerced confessions under the frameworks of three commonly used negotiation models: 1) the positionbased model, 2) the interest-based model, and 3) the core concerns model. This analysis illustrates the need for systemic change to the laws applicable to police interrogations, the widely used methods of interrogation, and the inter-departmental practices that perpetuate coercive tactics. Specifically, this Comment suggests a cross-institutional approach to reform in which lawmakers enact legislation that sets standards for interrogations, judges prohibit evidence elicited through psychologically coercive tactics, and police departments overhaul their interrogation practices and hold officers accountable when they engage in psychologically coercive techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 109
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
EP  - 101
J2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
SN  - 00914169
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=136143840&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 136143840; JANZEN, KIERA 1; Affiliation:  1: Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law; Source Info: Winter2019, Vol. 109 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: POLICE questioning; Subject Term: NEGOTIATION; Subject Term: CONFESSION (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: LEGAL settlement; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - LEGAL settlement
KW  - NEGOTIATION
KW  - POLICE questioning
KW  - CONFESSION (Law)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cognitive-psychology expertise and the calculation of the probability of a wrongful conviction.
AU  - Rouder, Jeffrey N
AU  - Wixted, John T
AU  - Christenfeld, Nicholas J S
T2  - Psychonomic bulletin & review
AB  - Cognitive psychologists are familiar with how their expertise in understanding human perception, memory, and decision-making is applicable to the justice system. They may be less familiar with how their expertise in statistical decision-making and their comfort working in noisy real-world environments is just as applicable. Here we show how this expertise in ideal-observer models may be leveraged to calculate the probability of guilt of Gary Leiterman, a man convicted of murder on the basis of DNA evidence. We show by common probability theory that Leiterman is likely a victim of a tragic contamination event rather than a murderer. Making any calculation of the probability of guilt necessarily relies on subjective assumptions. The conclusion about Leiterman's innocence is not overly sensitive to the assumptions-the probability of innocence remains high for a wide range of reasonable assumptions. We note that cognitive psychologists may be well suited to make these calculations because as working scientists they may be comfortable with the role a reasonable degree of subjectivity plays in analysis.
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.3758/s13423-018-1465-2
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
SP  - 2380
EP  - 2388
J2  - Psychonomic bulletin & review
SN  - 1531-5320
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=29740762&site=ehost-live
AN  - 29740762
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - Accession Number: 29740762. Language: English. Date Revised: 20190510. Date Created: 20180510. Date Completed: 20190403. Update Code: 20210210. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 9502924. Publication Model: Print. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Psychon Bull Rev. Linked References: J Forensic Sci. 2003 Jan;48(1):47-54. (PMID: 12570198); Am Sci. 1979 May-Jun;67(3):312-20. (PMID: 475150); Learn Mem. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(4):361-6. (PMID: 16027179); Law Hum Behav. 2003 Oct;27(5):523-40. (PMID: 14593796); Psychol Rev. 1997 Jan;104(1):148-69. (PMID: 9009883); Science. 1974 Sep 27;185(4157):1124-31. (PMID: 17835457); Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2014 Sep;12:77-85. (PMID: 24905336); Psychol Rev. 1996 Oct;103(4):650-69. (PMID: 8888650); Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2016 Jan;20:53-60. (PMID: 26485675); Multivariate Behav Res. 2012 Nov;47(6):877-903. (PMID: 26735007). Linking ISSN: 10699384. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 20181201. Current Imprints: Publication: <2013-> : [New York : Springer]; Original Imprints: Publication: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society, Inc., c1994-
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Law
KW  - Crime/*statistics & numerical data
KW  - Criminal Psychology
KW  - Law Enforcement
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Probability
KW  - Crime/psychology
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - Bayes theorem
KW  - Subjectivity
KW  - Cognitive Science*
KW  - Crime/legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Data Interpretation, Statistical*
KW  - Expert Testimony*
KW  - Forensic Psychology*
KW  - Probability*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Convicting the Innocent or Freeing the Guilty? Public Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice Errors.
AU  - Zhuo, Yue
T2  - International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology
AB  - Two types of judicial errors-convicting an innocent person or acquitting a guilty person-challenge the integrity and legitimacy of criminal justice. How citizens view these errors plays an important role in criminal justice policy. Utilizing data from a national survey, this study applies the established Western theories to explore the correlates of public attitudes regarding the relative acceptance of wrongful convictions and erroneous acquittals in contemporary China. The findings lend support to both constructionist/conflict and symbolic theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2021/03//
PY  - 2021
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
SP  - 458
EP  - 479
J2  - International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology
SN  - 0306624X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=148704799&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 148704799; Zhuo, Yue 1; Email Address: zhuoy@stjohns.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Sociology & Anthropology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; Source Info: Mar2021, Vol. 65 Issue 4, p458; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice policy; Subject Term: ATTITUDE (Psychology); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: ACQUITTALS; Subject Term: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: China; Author-Supplied Keyword: conflict; Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal justice errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumental; Author-Supplied Keyword: public attitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: symbolic; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - China
KW  - ATTITUDE (Psychology)
KW  - CRIMINAL justice policy
KW  - CHINA
KW  - public attitudes
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - JUDICIAL error
KW  - ACQUITTALS
KW  - conflict
KW  - criminal justice errors
KW  - instrumental
KW  - symbolic
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CONVICTIONS OF INNOCENT PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.
AU  - Johnson, Sheri Lynn
AU  - Blume, John H.
AU  - Hritz, Amelia Courtney
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - The article discusses the wrongful convictions of people with intellectual disability. Topics discussed include the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment in relation to the case Atkins v. Virginia, the exonerations recorded by the U.S. National Registry of Exonerations, and the involvement of people with intellectual disability in murders.
DA  - 2018//07/2018/2019
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 1031
EP  - 1061
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138305782&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138305782; Johnson, Sheri Lynn 1 Blume, John H. 2 Hritz, Amelia Courtney 3; Affiliation:  1: James and Mark Flanagan Professor of Law, Cornell Law School  2: Samuel F. Leibowitz Professor of Trial Techniques, Cornell Law School  3: Robert B. Kent Public Interest Fellow, Cornell Law School; Source Info: 2018/2019, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p1031; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL liability; Subject Term: PEOPLE with disabilities; Subject Term: CRUEL & unusual punishment; Subject Term: EIGHTH Amendment protections (United States Constitution); Subject Term: MURDER; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - MURDER
KW  - PEOPLE with disabilities
KW  - CRIMINAL liability
KW  - EIGHTH Amendment protections (United States Constitution)
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - CRUEL & unusual punishment
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Credibility Interrogatories in Criminal Trials.
AU  - Grigel, Kyle B.
T2  - Stanford Law Review
AB  - Our criminal appeals system struggles to detect wrongful convictions, and its treatment of unreliable testimony deserves a share of the blame. An interconnected web of judicial dispositions makes convictions backed by testimony--no matter how marginal--largely impervious to review. When challenged, this imperviousness is explained away as deference to the jury's role as lie detector. But this explanation doesn't persuade. Given the volume of testimonial evidence mounted in modern trials, the mere fact of conviction provides little insight into the jury's underlying credibility judgments. Reformers overlook this. Instead, they blame the jury for mishandling bad testimony-- and they call for expanding the scope of appellate review over questions of evidentiary quality. But this is a poor fix. By the time a defendant's case arrives on appeal, critical information has already been lost. Reviewing courts lack the institutional capacity to recover it. And requiring judges to render credibility judgments diminishes the jury's position as the finder of fact. This Note proposes an alternative solution: Defendants facing unreliable testimony could request "credibility interrogatories." Should the jury convict, the trial judge would administer a set of special questions asking the jurors to flag testimony they unanimously deemed too suspect to credit. This prophylactic would cabin the paralytic effects of bad testimony on sufficiency review, enable appellate courts to more accurately assess the prejudicial impact of error, and smoke out meritorious claims of innocence. Best of all, credibility interrogatories achieve these benefits in a manner consistent with current law. While special interrogatories are sometimes said to be disfavored in criminal trials, previous commentators have overlooked the saving power of key procedural modifications. This Note draws on federal and state case law to sketch out an approach that is simple, effective, and protective of the rights of defendants and the function of the appellate system. By shining new light on an understudied instrument of judicial discretion, this Note is of likely interest to scholars and practitioners alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/02//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 71
IS  - 2
SP  - 461
EP  - 511
J2  - Stanford Law Review
SN  - 00389765
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=135012263&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 135012263; Grigel, Kyle B. 1; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Candidate, Stanford Law School, 2019.; Source Info: Feb2019, Vol. 71 Issue 2, p461; Subject Term: CRIMINAL trials; Subject Term: APPELLATE procedure; Subject Term: TESTIMONY (Law); Subject Term: QUESTIONING; Subject Term: CASE disposition; Subject Term: LEGAL evidence; Number of Pages: 51p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - QUESTIONING
KW  - APPELLATE procedure
KW  - CRIMINAL trials
KW  - CASE disposition
KW  - LEGAL evidence
KW  - TESTIMONY (Law)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Distinguishing true from false confessions using physiological patterns of concealed information recognition – A proof of concept study.
AU  - Geven, Linda Marjoleine
AU  - Ben-Shakhar, Gershon
AU  - Kassin, Saul
AU  - Verschuere, Bruno
T2  - Biological Psychology
AB  - • Many of the US wrongful convictions overturned by DNA involved a false confession. • Guilty and innocent participants signed admissions of guilt after interrogation. • Physiological responding significantly differed between true and false confessors. • True, but not false confessors, display recognition of concealed information. • Communication of details to innocent suspects (contamination) remains a pitfall. Wrongful conviction cases indicate that not all confessors are guilty. However, there is currently no validated method to assess the veracity of confessions. In this preregistered study, we evaluate whether a new application of the Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a potentially valid method to make a distinction between true and false admissions of guilt. Eighty-three participants completed problem-solving tasks, individually and in pairs. Unbeknownst to the participants, their team-member was a confederate, tempting the participant to break the experimental rules by assisting during an individual assignment. Irrespective of actual rule-breaking behavior, all participants were accused of cheating and interrogated. True confessors but not false confessors showed recognition of answers obtained by cheating in the individual task, as evidenced by larger physiological responses to the correct than to plausible but incorrect answers. These findings encourage further investigation on the use of memory detection to discriminate true from false confessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/07//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 154
SP  - N.PAG
EP  - N.PAG
J2  - Biological Psychology
SN  - 03010511
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144750503&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144750503; Geven, Linda Marjoleine 1,2; Email Address: l.m.geven@law.leidenuniv.nl Ben-Shakhar, Gershon 2 Kassin, Saul 3 Verschuere, Bruno 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands  2: Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel  3: Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, United States; Source Info: Jul2020, Vol. 154, pN.PAG; Subject Term: PROOF of concept; Subject Term: RECOGNITION (Psychology); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: FALSE memory syndrome; Subject Term: WORD recognition; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: QUESTIONING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Confessions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interrogations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Memory detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Police interviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychophysiology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8603</p>
KW  - Confessions
KW  - Interrogations
KW  - QUESTIONING
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - FALSE memory syndrome
KW  - Memory detection
KW  - Police interviews
KW  - PROOF of concept
KW  - Psychophysiology
KW  - RECOGNITION (Psychology)
KW  - WORD recognition
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do Judicial Instructions Aid in Distinguishing Between Reliable and Unreliable Jailhouse Informants?
AU  - Wetmore, Stacy A.
AU  - Neuschatz, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Fessinger, Melanie B.
AU  - Bornstein, Brian H.
AU  - Golding, Jonathan M.
T2  - Criminal Justice & Behavior
AB  - Jailhouse informants are a leading cause of wrongful convictions. In an attempt to preempt such miscarriages of justice, several states (e.g., Connecticut and California) have mandated that judicial instructions be provided to act as a safeguard against false testimony. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these instructions in helping jurors distinguish between reliable and unreliable jailhouse informants. Participants read a trial transcript that varied instructions (Standard, Connecticut, Enhanced) and informant reliability (reliable, unreliable). The results indicated that the instructions had no effect on verdict decisions. Even though verdicts did not vary, participants rated the unreliable informant as less trustworthy, honest, and interested in justice than the reliable informant. This is consistent with previous findings that indicate that participants are aware of the legal prescriptions given in the instructions, but they do not implement them in making decisions. Therefore, instructions may be an insufficient safeguard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/05//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
SP  - 582
EP  - 600
J2  - Criminal Justice & Behavior
SN  - 00938548
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=142637531&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142637531; Wetmore, Stacy A. 1; Email Address: wetmore@roanoke.edu; Neuschatz, Jeffrey S. 2; Fessinger, Melanie B. 3,4; Bornstein, Brian H. 5; Golding, Jonathan M. 6; Affiliations: 1 : Roanoke College; 2 : The University of Alabama in Huntsville; 3 : John Jay College of Criminal Justice; 4 : The City University of New York; 5 : University of Nebraska–Lincoln; 6 : University of Kentucky;  Source Info: May2020, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p582; Subject Term: FALSE testimony; Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: TEACHING; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject: CONNECTICUT; Subject: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: fundamental attribution error; Author-Supplied Keyword: jailhouse informants; Author-Supplied Keyword: juror decision-making; Author-Supplied Keyword: jury instructions; Author-Supplied Keyword: secondary confessions; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - TEACHING
KW  - CONNECTICUT
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - JUDICIAL error
KW  - FALSE testimony
KW  - fundamental attribution error
KW  - jailhouse informants
KW  - juror decision-making
KW  - jury instructions
KW  - secondary confessions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exonerated: A History of the Innocence Movement.
AU  - Kaplan, Paul
T2  - Journal of American History
AB  - Book Review.
DA  - 2018/09//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 105
IS  - 2
SP  - 454
EP  - 455
J2  - Journal of American History
SN  - 00218723
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=131677548&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 131677548; Kaplan, Paul 1; Affiliation:  1: San Diego State University, San Diego, California; Source Info: Sep2018, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p454; Subject Term: INNOCENCE projects; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EXONERATED: A History of the Innocence Movement (Book); People: NORRIS, Robert J.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review</p>
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - EXONERATED: A History of the Innocence Movement (Book)
KW  - NORRIS, Robert J.
KW  - INNOCENCE projects
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exonerated: A History of the Innocence Movement.
AU  - Kiuchi, Yuya
T2  - Journal of African American History
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 105
IS  - 2
SP  - 356
EP  - 358
J2  - Journal of African American History
SN  - 15481867
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144202500&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144202500; Kiuchi, Yuya 1; Affiliation:  1: Michigan State University; Source Info: Spring2020, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p356; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EXONERATED: A History of the Innocence Movement (Book); People: NORRIS, Robert J.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 1026</p>
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - EXONERATED: A History of the Innocence Movement (Book)
KW  - NORRIS, Robert J.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Exonerees in Black and White: the influence of race on perceptions of those who falsely confessed to a crime.
AU  - Howard, Simon
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - Black Americans account for 61% of those who have been released from prison through DNA exoneration. In the present study, we explored the influence of race on perceptions of wrongfully convicted individuals who have been exonerated. Participants (N = 121) were randomly assigned to read a fictional newspaper article about a Black or White individual who was wrongfully convicted due to a false confession and then report their perceptions of the exoneree's guilt, warmth, competence and aggression, how deserving the exoneree was of government assistance and the likelihood that once released, the exoneree would commit a crime resulting in his reimprisonment. Results indicated that a Black exoneree was perceived as more aggressive (but not less competent or warm), less deserving of assistance, and more likely to commit a crime post exoneration resulting in his reimprisonment than a White exoneree. We also explored whether there were differences in terms of race on perceptions of mental illness for those wrongfully convicted due to falsely confessing to a crime and found that participants perceived a White exoneree as more mentally ill than a Black exoneree. The implications for the post-incarceration experiences and challenges faced by Black exonerees relative to White exonerees are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/10//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 25
IS  - 9
SP  - 911
EP  - 924
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068316X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138432005&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138432005; Howard, Simon 1; Email Address: simon.howard@marquette.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Source Info: Oct2019, Vol. 25 Issue 9, p911; Subject Term: AFRICAN Americans; Subject Term: SOCIAL perception; Subject Term: SOCIAL distance; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: CRIMINAL trials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exonerees; Author-Supplied Keyword: perceived deservingness; Author-Supplied Keyword: race; Author-Supplied Keyword: social perception; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongfully convicted; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - SOCIAL perception
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - race
KW  - AFRICAN Americans
KW  - SOCIAL distance
KW  - CRIMINAL trials
KW  - wrongfully convicted
KW  - Exonerees
KW  - perceived deservingness
KW  - social perception
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION AND THE PROBLEMATICS OF BLACKSTONIAN REFORM OF THE CRIMINAL LAW.
AU  - ROSENTHAL, LAWRENCE
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
AB  - A substantial number of wrongful convictions are attributable to inaccurate identifications of perpetrators, stemming from the difficulties that eyewitnesses can experience in accurately perceiving and later recalling faces. Many have argued that courts should employ prophylactic rules to prevent the admission of unreliable identification evidence. Yet, most jurisdictions continue to follow the deferential approach to the admission of eyewitness identification evidence taken by the United States Supreme Court in Manson v. Brathwaite. Commentators have universally condemned this state of affairs. This Article offers a departure from the existing commentary by taking seriously the possibility that courts have good reason for their reluctance to embrace prophylactic rules excluding evidence thought to present unduly high risks of convicting the innocent. The case for reform is rooted in Blackstone's admonition that the law should be wary of admitting evidence of guilt, preferring erroneous acquittals to wrongful convictions. It is difficult, however, to construct a Blackstonian case for the exclusion of evidence thought to be unduly likely to produce wrongful convictions. Given our limited knowledge about the error rates that inhere in most types of evidence, Blackstonian reform has no ascertainable stopping point; excluding evidence that poses what is thought to be an undue risk of wrongful conviction could result in the exclusion of virtually all evidence of guilt. To illustrate the point, this Article considers an issue on which the lower courts have split--the role of corroborative evidence in assessing the admissibility of an eyewitness's identification. Although Blackstonian prophylactic rules reject the consideration of corroborative evidence, the reliability of most evidence cannot be assessed in isolation. Reliability can usually be assessed only in the context of all pertinent evidence. Thus, totality-of-the-circumstances tests, such as the approach reflected in the Supreme Court's decisions on eyewitness identification, are about the best we can do--as prophylactic evidentiary rules designed to reduce rates of wrongful conviction turn out to be deeply problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 110
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 243
J2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
SN  - 00914169
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142487747&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142487747; ROSENTHAL, LAWRENCE 1; Affiliation:  1: Professor of Law, Chapman University, Dale E. Fowler School of Law; Source Info: Spring2020, Vol. 110 Issue 2, p181; Subject Term: EYEWITNESS identification; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: LAW reform; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: LEGAL evidence; Number of Pages: 63p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - EYEWITNESS identification
KW  - CRIMINAL law
KW  - LAW reform
KW  - LEGAL evidence
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - False Rape Allegations: Do they Lead to a Wrongful Conviction Following the Indictment of an Innocent Defendant?
AU  - Hail-Jares, Katie
AU  - Lowrey-Kinberg, Belén
AU  - Dunn, Katherine
AU  - Gould, Jon B.
T2  - JQ: Justice Quarterly
AB  - False rape allegations are a serious concern. However, the role of false rape allegations on wrongful convictions is relatively unknown. Here, we examine the impact of false rape allegations on cases outcomes involving factually innocent defendants. The Preventing Wrongful Convictions Project compared "near misses," cases where charges against factually innocent defendants were dismissed following indictment, to wrongful convictions. Using a subsample of 207 sexual assault cases, we employed bivariate and multivariate analysis to better understand the impact of false rape allegations on case outcome. False rape allegations accounted for 4% of wrongful convictions in the sample and 45.6% of near misses. False allegations were more common among cases involving white and better-educated defendants. The presence of a false rape allegation contributed to a 10 times greater likelihood of a case ending in a near miss than a wrongful conviction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/03//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 281
EP  - 303
J2  - JQ: Justice Quarterly
SN  - 07418825
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142137643&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142137643; Hail-Jares, Katie 1; Email Address: k.hail-jares@griffith.edu.au Lowrey-Kinberg, Belén 2 Dunn, Katherine 3 Gould, Jon B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Griffith Criminology Institute, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia  2: Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, NY, USA  3: Department of Justice, Law, and Criminology, American University, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Mar2020, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p281; Subject Term: FALSE testimony; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: BIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: INDICTMENTS; Subject Term: DEFENDANTS; Subject Term: SEXUAL assault; Author-Supplied Keyword: False rape allegations; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocent defendants; Author-Supplied Keyword: sexual assault; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful convictions; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11041</p>
KW  - DEFENDANTS
KW  - INDICTMENTS
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - SEXUAL assault
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - BIVARIATE analysis
KW  - False rape allegations
KW  - FALSE testimony
KW  - innocent defendants
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FAULTY FORENSICS: BOLSTERING JUDICIAL GATEKEEPING IN GEORGIA COURTS.
AU  - Bidinger, Miranda S.
T2  - Georgia Law Review
AB  - Forensic evidence is widely used in criminal cases across the country and is accorded great weight by juries. But critics have begun to question its reliability. Its use has contributed to numerous wrongful convictions, and though some individuals have been exonerated, many remain incarcerated for crimes they did not commit. This Note explores a variety of forensic science disciplines and their associated problems, the recent push for forensic reform, and the current standards governing the admissibility of forensic evidence at the federal level and in Georgia courts, highlighting the lenient standard embodied in the Georgia Code and elaborated upon in its case law. This Note ultimately recommends that Georgia courts and the Georgia General Assembly establish a new standard to govern the admissibility of scientific evidence in criminal cases--one that bolsters the gatekeeping function of trial judges by allowing them to assess the limitations of forensic science disciplines when making admissibility decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/04//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1062
J2  - Georgia Law Review
SN  - 00168300
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143792742&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143792742; Bidinger, Miranda S. 1; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Candidate, 2020, University of Georgia School of Law; Source Info: 2020, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p1035; Subject Term: DENTAL jurisprudence; Subject Term: EXPERT evidence; Subject Term: BITE mark evidence; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Company/Entity: GEORGIA. Bureau of Investigation; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - EXPERT evidence
KW  - DENTAL jurisprudence
KW  - BITE mark evidence
KW  - GEORGIA. Bureau of Investigation
KW  - MICROSCOPY
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Flawed justice: A study of wrongly convicted African American women.
AU  - Free Jr., Marvin D.
AU  - Ruesink, Mitch
T2  - Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
AB  - This exploratory study examines 37 wrongfully convicted Black women. The cases were culled from electronic databases located at the Innocence Project, the Center on Wrongful Convictions, the Death Penalty Information Center, the National Registry of Exonerations and from the innocence database at forejustice.org in addition to newspaper and magazine articles. Prosecutorial misconduct and perjury by criminal justice officials constituted the 2 most important factors leading to wrongful convictions. Police misconduct was the 3rd most important factor, followed by ineffective assistance of counsel and insufficient evidence to support a conviction. The use of informants, false confessions, witness errors, and forensic errors were among the least common contributors. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/10//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 333
EP  - 347
J2  - Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
SN  - 15377938
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=137803788&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137803788; Free Jr., Marvin D. 1; Email Address: freem@uww.edu; Ruesink, Mitch; Affiliations: 1 : Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin -- Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA;  Source Info: 2018, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p333; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice policy; Subject Term: AFRICAN American women; Subject Term: CAPITAL punishment; Subject Term: PROSECUTORIAL misconduct; Subject Term: CRIMINAL records; Author-Supplied Keyword: Courts; Author-Supplied Keyword: gender; Author-Supplied Keyword: minorities; Author-Supplied Keyword: race; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Courts
KW  - race
KW  - AFRICAN American women
KW  - gender
KW  - CAPITAL punishment
KW  - CRIMINAL records
KW  - CRIMINAL justice policy
KW  - PROSECUTORIAL misconduct
KW  - minorities
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forensic DNA Profiling: Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat as a Prominent Marker in Crime Investigation.
AU  - Nwawuba Stanley, Udogadi
AU  - Mohammed Khadija, Abdullahi
AU  - Adams Tajudeen, Bukola
AU  - Omusi Precious, Imose
AU  - Ayevbuomwan Davidson, Esewi
T2  - Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
AB  - Short tandem repeat (STR) typing continues to be the primary workhorse in forensic DNA profiling. Therefore, the present review discusses the prominent role of STR marker in criminal justice system. All over the world, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling provides evidence that may be used to convict criminals, as an irrefutable proof of wrongful convictions, invaluable links to the actual perpetrators of crimes, and could also deter some offenders from committing more serious offences. Clearly, DNA profiling tools have also aided forensic scientists to re-evaluate old cases that were considered closed as a result of inadequate evidence. In carrying out this review, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Google Search were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including reviews, retrospective studies, observational studies and original articles. Case reports presented here, further demonstrates the crucial role of forensic DNA profiling in mitigating and providing compelling evidence for the resolution of crimes. For case report 1, there was a 100% match between the DNA recovered from the items found in the crime scene, and the suspect's DNA sample collected via buccal swab following 15 STR loci examination. Case report 2 further highlights the indispensable contribution of DNA database in solving crime. Therefore, it has become very necessary for developing countries like Nigeria to develop a national DNA database and make policies and legislatures that will further expand and enable the practice of forensic genetics, particularly DNA profiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/08//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 22
EP  - 35
J2  - Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
SN  - 1394195X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145267158&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 145267158; Nwawuba Stanley, Udogadi 1; Email Address: nwawubastanley@gmail.com Mohammed Khadija, Abdullahi 2 Adams Tajudeen, Bukola 3 Omusi Precious, Imose 4 Ayevbuomwan Davidson, Esewi 5; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Forensic Programmes and DNA Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria  2: Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria  3: Defence Headquarters Garrison, Abuja, Nigeria  4: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria  5: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Source Info: 2020, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p22; Subject Term: CRIME; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: CRIMINALS; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: DNA fingerprinting; Subject Term: FORENSIC genetics; Subject Term: GENETIC markers; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: NIGERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA database; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA profiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: forensic DNA profiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: forensic genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: short tandem repeat typing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - CRIME
KW  - CRIMINALS
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - DNA
KW  - DNA database
KW  - DNA fingerprinting
KW  - GENETIC markers
KW  - DNA profiling
KW  - forensic DNA profiling
KW  - forensic genetics
KW  - FORENSIC genetics
KW  - NIGERIA
KW  - short tandem repeat typing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forensic Science and Expert Testimony in Wrongful Convictions: A Study of Decision-Making at the Criminal Cases Review Commission.
AU  - Hoyle, Carolyn
T2  - British Journal of Criminology
AB  - The article presents findings from a four-year empirical study of decision-making within the Commission. It explores how Commission staff exercise their discretionary powers in identifying and investigating possible wrongful convictions from several applications a year, referring just a few back to the Court. It presents information on criminal justice.
DA  - 2019/07//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 919
EP  - 937
J2  - British Journal of Criminology
SN  - 00070955
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=136864140&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 136864140; Hoyle, Carolyn 1; Email Address: Carolyn.Hoyle@crim.ox.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1 : Centre for Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, UK;  Source Info: Jul2019, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p919; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject Term: INVESTIGATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Court of Appeal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Criminal Cases Review Commission; Author-Supplied Keyword: decision-making; Author-Supplied Keyword: discretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: expert evidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: forensic science; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 10191</p>
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - Criminal Cases Review Commission
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - forensic science
KW  - decision-making
KW  - COURTS
KW  - INVESTIGATIONS
KW  - discretion
KW  - Court of Appeal
KW  - expert evidence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FORENSIC SCIENCE EVIDENCE, WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS AND ADVERSARIAL PROCESS.
AU  - HAMER, DAVID
AU  - EDMOND, GARY
T2  - University of Queensland Law Journal
AB  - The adversarialist approach to criminal justice places a premium on autonomy, efficiency and finality. It trusts that giving parties control will put reliable comprehensive evidence before the trial court. Where forensic science evidence is involved, this trust is often misplaced, and factual accuracy suffers. Often, prosecution forensic science evidence is of unknown reliability and biased, yet the trial judge stays above the fray and allows its admission, the defence lacks the resources to challenge it successfully, and the jury defers to the expert and convicts. On appeal, the appeal court is wary of challenging the jury verdict and reluctant to allow the defence a recontest with bolstered evidence or a different strategy. Post appeal, the opportunities for correction are more limited still. The adversarialist approach to forensic science evidence has contributed to many wrongful convictions. Courts should adopt a more interventionist and informed approach to forensic science evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SP  - 185
EP  - 236
J2  - University of Queensland Law Journal
SN  - 00834041
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142287968&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142287968; HAMER, DAVID 1 EDMOND, GARY 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Sydney Law School  2: School of Law, University of New South Wales; Source Info: 2019, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p185; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: LEGAL evidence; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: ADVERSARY system (Law); Subject Term: ADMISSIONS (Law); Subject Term: VERDICTS; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - FORENSIC sciences
KW  - TRIALS (Law)
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - LEGAL evidence
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - ADMISSIONS (Law)
KW  - ADVERSARY system (Law)
KW  - VERDICTS
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Framing innocence: an experimental test of the effects of wrongful convictions on public opinion.
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
AU  - Mullinix, Kevin J.
T2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
AB  - Objectives: Discourse about criminal justice in the USA increasingly revolves around wrongful convictions. Research has documented the emergence of the "innocence frame," but relatively little is known about its effects on public opinion. We utilize framing theory to examine how various presentations of wrongful conviction information affect attitudes toward the justice system and highlight the consequences of the innocence movement for public opinion. Methods: We implement two survey experiments to test the effects of innocence information for criminal justice attitudes. In the first experiment, we test the impact of wrongful conviction numbers relative to a control group for death penalty support. In the second experiment, we analyze the effects—both separately and jointly—of exoneration numbers and a wrongful conviction narrative relative to a control group for attitudes toward the death penalty and police reform, trust in the justice system, and personal concern. Results: We demonstrate that the presentation of factual numbers of exonerations reduces support for capital punishment and erodes trust in the justice system, but fails to garner support for police reforms or increase personal concern about wrongful convictions. However, a narrative about an individual wrongful conviction predictably has more pronounced effects on death penalty attitudes and increases personal concern and support for police reform, but has little effect on trust in the justice system more broadly. Conclusions: Wrongful convictions are consequential for public opinion, but the effects are contingent on how the information is framed and the attitudinal outcome of interest. Our findings have implications for criminal justice attitudes and policy, the innocence movement, and framing theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/06//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 311
EP  - 334
J2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
SN  - 15733750
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=144498113&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144498113; Norris, Robert J. 1; Email Address: rnorris4@gmu.edu; Mullinix, Kevin J. 2; Affiliations: 1 : George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; 2 : University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA;  Source Info: Jun2020, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: ATTITUDES toward death; Subject Term: POLICE reform; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice policy; Subject Term: CAPITAL punishment; Subject Term: PUBLIC opinion; Subject Term: POLICE-community relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Death penalty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Framing theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innocence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Miscarriage of justice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Police reform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public opinion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrongful conviction; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - Innocence
KW  - Miscarriage of justice
KW  - Public opinion
KW  - POLICE-community relations
KW  - CAPITAL punishment
KW  - CRIMINAL justice policy
KW  - PUBLIC opinion
KW  - POLICE reform
KW  - Police reform
KW  - Exoneration
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - ATTITUDES toward death
KW  - Death penalty
KW  - Framing theory
KW  - Survey experiment
KW  - Wrongful conviction
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - "I Did It, But Not Like That": Effects of Factually Incorrect Confessions on Juror Judgments.
AU  - Jones, Eric E.
AU  - Bandy, Abby D.
AU  - Palmer Jr., Phillip G.
T2  - Psychiatry, Psychology & Law
AB  - Several high-profile cases involving wrongful convictions have featured factually incorrect confessions (i.e., confessions that contradicted case facts). The current research investigated the effects of factually incorrect confessions on juror judgments. In Experiment 1, participants read a trial transcript, containing either no confession, a factually correct confession, or a factually incorrect confession after a 1-hour or 10-hour interrogation. Afterwards, participants judged the coerciveness of the confession, guilt of the suspect and named accomplice, and strength of the prosecution's case. Experiment 2 used confessions with different factual errors and different interrogation lengths. Participants made the same legal judgments. In both experiments, participants rated a factually incorrect confession as more coerced than a factually correct confession. Participants fully discounted factually incorrect confessions when evaluating a defendant's guilt. However, compared to conditions with no confession, participants perceived a named accomplice as guiltier and the prosecution's case as stronger when the defendant provided a factually incorrect confession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/08//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
SP  - 553
EP  - 570
J2  - Psychiatry, Psychology & Law
SN  - 13218719
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138160366&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138160366; Jones, Eric E. 1; Email Address: joneser1@gvsu.edu Bandy, Abby D. 2 Palmer Jr., Phillip G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Psychology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA  2: School of Law, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; Source Info: Aug2019, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p553; Subject Term: JURORS; Subject Term: JUDGMENT (Psychology); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: QUESTIONING; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Confessions; Author-Supplied Keyword: courtroom; Author-Supplied Keyword: inconsistency; Author-Supplied Keyword: interrogations; Author-Supplied Keyword: juror decision making; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9489</p>
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - Confessions
KW  - QUESTIONING
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - JURORS
KW  - juror decision making
KW  - courtroom
KW  - inconsistency
KW  - interrogations
KW  - JUDGMENT (Psychology)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ingroup biases of forensic experts: perceptions of wrongful convictions versus exonerations.
AU  - Scherr, Kyle C.
AU  - Dror, Itiel E.
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - People inherently prefer and highly value 'similar others' – an ingroup bias that meaningfully distorts associated interpretations and perceptions. We examined the extent to which forensic experts exhibited ingroup biases that manifested in asymmetrical skepticisms whereby experts perceived their work, and the work of those they closely work alongside (i.e. prosecutors), as associated with more exonerations than wrongful convictions despite base rate data establishing the opposite. After reporting background characteristics, 93 forensic experts reported the frequency in which five factors – mistaken forensic analysis, false confessions, mistaken eyewitness identifications, prosecutorial misconduct, and inadequate legal defense – were associated with wrongful convictions. Analysts also reported the frequency in which four factors – confession by the actual perpetrator, new forensic evidence analysis, new, non-forensic evidence, and, legal defense organizations – were associated with exonerations. The results revealed ingroup biases and asymmetrical perceptions, with moderate to large effect sizes (ds ≥.57) whereby experts perceived their work, and the work of those they closely work alongside (i.e. prosecutors), as associated with more exonerations than wrongful convictions. We discuss the basic and practical advances of the observed effects and emphasize the importance of adopting measures to minimize the influence of ingroup biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2021/01//
PY  - 2021
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 89
EP  - 104
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068316X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=147697606&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147697606; Scherr, Kyle C. 1; Email Address: kyle.scherr@cmich.edu Dror, Itiel E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA  2: University College London, London, UK; Source Info: Jan2021, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p89; Subject Term: INGROUPS (Social groups); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: PROSECUTORIAL misconduct; Subject Term: CRIMINAL defense; Subject Term: FORENSIC psychology; Subject Term: FALSE memory syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: expert decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: forensic decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ingroup bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7495</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - exoneration
KW  - INGROUPS (Social groups)
KW  - bias
KW  - PROSECUTORIAL misconduct
KW  - CRIMINAL defense
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - expert decision making
KW  - FALSE memory syndrome
KW  - forensic decision making
KW  - FORENSIC psychology
KW  - Ingroup bias
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - INNOCENT JUVENILE CONFESSIONS.
AU  - WAXMAN, SETH P.
T2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
AB  - The article offers information on false confession that is an admission of guilt for a crime for which the confessor is not responsible. It discusses how false confessions can be induced through coercion or by the mental disorder or incompetency of the accused. It mentions the case Brendan Ray Dassey, an American from Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, who, at age 16, was wrongfully convicted of first-degree murder.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
J2  - Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology
SN  - 00914169
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=140305767&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 140305767; WAXMAN, SETH P.; Source Info: Winter2020, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: CONFESSION (Law); Subject Term: JUDICIAL error; Subject Term: CRIMINAL evidence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: UNITED States; People: DASSEY, Brendan, 1989-; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - JUDICIAL error
KW  - DASSEY, Brendan, 1989-
KW  - CONFESSION (Law)
KW  - CRIMINAL evidence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interrogated with Intellectual Disabilities: The Risks of False Confession.
AU  - Schatz, Samson J.
T2  - Stanford Law Review
AB  - False confessions happen. At least 245 people have been exonerated from convictions in cases featuring confessions that were simply not true. Confessions offer a narrative that allows law enforcement, and society in general, to neatly resolve cases with apparent clarity and closure. And yet the pressures officers place on suspects to provide that closure weigh disproportionately on the vulnerable, including individuals with intellectual disabilities. These individuals are disadvantaged at every step of the custodial interrogation, and they face heightened risks of falsely confessing. Moreover, the principal judicial safeguards against false confessions--assessing a suspect's Miranda waiver and determining whether a confession was voluntarily given within the bounds of the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause--provide little protection for the innocent with intellectual disabilities. Few pieces of scholarship focus specifically on the heightened risks faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities throughout the process of police interrogation. This Note describes the various ways these individuals are disadvantaged. And it offers an additional data point illustrating the vulnerability of people with intellectual disabilities. This Note analyzes the 245 individuals (as of June 2, 2017) on the National Registry of Exonerations who have falsely confessed. Over one-quarter of them display indicia of intellectual disability. This percentage dwarfs the prevalence of people with intellectual disabilities in the general population and even exceeds most estimates of the proportion of the prison population suffering from intellectual disabilities. This Note concludes with several policy and doctrinal suggestions to better protect individuals with intellectual disabilities from the risks of false confession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/02//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
SP  - 643
EP  - 690
J2  - Stanford Law Review
SN  - 00389765
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128623247&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 128623247; Schatz, Samson J. 1; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Candidate, Stanford Law School; Source Info: Feb2018, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p643; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: PEOPLE with mental disabilities; Subject Term: MIRANDA rights; Subject Term: DUE process of law; Subject Term: POLICE questioning; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - DUE process of law
KW  - PEOPLE with mental disabilities
KW  - POLICE questioning
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - MIRANDA rights
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - IsThere a "Meaningful" Right to Counsel for Wrongfully Convicted Indigent Accused or Those Seeking to Appeal a Wrongful Conviction or Sentence in Canada? A Critical Analysis of the Ontario Court of Appeal Decision in R. v. C. (P) (Young Person).
AU  - Dimitrova, Silvia
T2  - Criminal Law Quarterly
DA  - 2018/01//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 65
IS  - 1-4
SP  - 379
EP  - 394
J2  - Criminal Law Quarterly
SN  - 00111333
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=136725521&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 136725521; Dimitrova, Silvia 1; Affiliations: 1 : McGill University;  Source Info: 2018, Vol. 65 Issue 1-4, p379; Subject Term: RIGHT to counsel; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL sentencing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL sentencing
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - RIGHT to counsel
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - JURISDICTION-SPECIFIC WRONGFUL CONVICTION RATE ESTIMATES: THE NORTH CAROLINA AND UTAH EXAMPLES.
AU  - Cassell, Paul G.
T2  - Arizona Law Review
AB  - Determining an error rate for wrongful convictions remains among the most pressing problems in the criminal justice literature. In a response to my earlier article, Professor George Thomas has offered an intriguing way to make that determination--through examining innocence cases uncovered through North Carolina's Innocence Inquiry Commission. This Reply reassesses Thomas's North Carolina estimate rate, concluding it to be somewhat too high. This Reply then looks at another state--my home state of Utah--to find another possible jurisdictionspecific error rate. Properly calculated, the wrongful conviction rates for North Carolina and Utah support my earlier-offered suggestion of a wrongful conviction rate in this country much lower than the rates commonly suggested in other wrongful conviction literature. This Reply underscores the important point of convergence between Thomas's estimate and my estimates: both are much lower than the conventional wisdom on the subject suggests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 891
EP  - 911
J2  - Arizona Law Review
SN  - 0004153X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=133823076&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 133823076; Cassell, Paul G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ronald N. Boyce, Presidential Professor of Criminal Law and University Distinguished Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah; Source Info: 2018, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p891; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CONVICTION rates; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: JURISDICTION; People: THOMAS, George; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - JURISDICTION
KW  - CONVICTION rates
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - THOMAS, George
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - JUSTICE BEGINS BEFORE TRIAL: HOW TO NUDGE INACCURATE PRETRIAL RULINGS USING BEHAVIORAL LAW AND ECONOMIC THEORY AND UNIFORM COMMERCIAL LAWS.
AU  - GENTITHES, MICHAEL
T2  - William & Mary Law Review
AB  - Injustice in criminal cases often takes root before trial begins. Overworked criminal judges must resolve difficult pretrial evidentiary issues that determine the charges the State will take to trial and the range of sentences the defendant will face. Wrong decisions on these issues often lead to wrongful convictions. As behavioral law and economic theory suggests, judges who are cognitively busy and receive little feedback on these topics from appellate courts rely upon intuition, rather than deliberative reasoning, to resolve these questions. This leads to inconsistent rulings, which prosecutors exploit to expand the scope of evidentiary exceptions that almost always disfavor defendants. Such intuitive, inconsistent decision-making thereby undermines criminal justice before trial even starts. In this Article, I argue that criminal judges can rely on an alternative model to decide an especially vexing pretrial evidentiary issue--the admissibility of a co-conspirator's hearsay statement at the defendant's trial. Judges can look to principles in uniform commercial laws to resolve this issue in a more deliberative fashion. Uniform commercial laws predictably, accurately, and simply allocate individual liability for the actions of opaque, profit-driven commercial organizations. Those laws can likewise allocate individual liability among members of analogous conspiratorial organizations. Because those laws are also reducible to decision trees and checklists that encourage deliberative reasoning while still generating relatively fast decisions, judges can rely upon them to produce fair results without bringing their dockets to a standstill. I provide several examples of situations in which illicit organizations are sufficiently analogous to commercial organizations for judges to apply uniform commercial laws when resolving coconspirator hearsay issues. When judges do so, they will check the growth of anti-defendant evidentiary exceptions. Critically, they will also increase the likelihood of just outcomes in criminal cases once the trial begins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/05//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
SP  - 2185
EP  - 2237
J2  - William & Mary Law Review
SN  - 00435589
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=137121082&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137121082; GENTITHES, MICHAEL 1; Affiliation:  1: * Visiting Assistant Professor, Chicago-Kent College of Law; Source Info: May2019, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p2185; Subject Term: JUSTICE; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL law; Subject Term: CONSPIRACY; Subject Term: TRIALS (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: JUDGES; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - TRIALS (Law)
KW  - CRIMINAL law
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - JUSTICE
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - COMMERCIAL law
KW  - CONSPIRACY
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - "Justice demands that you find this man not guilty": A transitivity analysis of the closing arguments of a rape case that resulted in a wrongful conviction.
AU  - Bartley, Leanne Victoria
T2  - International Journal of Applied Linguistics
AB  - Courtroom language is renowned for being strategic and a powerful means of manipulation, which may explain why criminal cases can sometimes result in a wrongful conviction. One such case is examined here, whereby an innocent man is convicted by a jury for the rape of a minor. Through a look at the closing arguments by the prosecution and defence attorneys, we can gain insights into why the defendant finds himself wrongly convicted of sexual assault. To show how the accused and others are portrayed, a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis and corpus linguistics is employed, with special attention paid to the transitivity patterns present in the dataset. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/11//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 480
EP  - 495
J2  - International Journal of Applied Linguistics
SN  - 08026106
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=133136712&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 133136712; Bartley, Leanne Victoria 1; Email Address: l.v.bartley@swansea.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: University of Swansea, Swansea UK; Source Info: Nov2018, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p480; Subject Term: TRANSITIVITY (Grammar); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: RAPE; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: CRITICAL discourse analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: análisis crítico del discurso; Author-Supplied Keyword: courtroom discourse; Author-Supplied Keyword: critical discourse analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: discurso judicial; Author-Supplied Keyword: gramática sistémica funcional; Author-Supplied Keyword: rape; Author-Supplied Keyword: systemic functional grammar; Author-Supplied Keyword: transitividad; Author-Supplied Keyword: transitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: violación; Author-Supplied Keyword: análisis crítico del discurso; Author-Supplied Keyword: discurso judicial; Author-Supplied Keyword: gramática sistémica funcional; Author-Supplied Keyword: transitividad; Author-Supplied Keyword: violación; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922130 Legal Counsel and Prosecution; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8264</p>
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - RAPE
KW  - rape
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - análisis crítico del discurso
KW  - courtroom discourse
KW  - critical discourse analysis
KW  - CRITICAL discourse analysis
KW  - discurso judicial
KW  - gramática sistémica funcional
KW  - systemic functional grammar
KW  - transitividad
KW  - transitivity
KW  - TRANSITIVITY (Grammar)
KW  - violación
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Latinx Defendants, False Convictions, and the Difficult Road to Exoneration.
AU  - O'Brien, Barbara
AU  - Stephens, Klara
AU  - Possley, Maurice
AU  - Grosso, Catherine M.
T2  - UCLA Law Review
AB  - The National Registry of Exonerations (the Registry) reports all known exonerations in the United States since 1989. Of the more than 2,400 exonerated defendants currently in the database, 281 are classified as Latinx. In many ways, their cases resemble those of other exonerees. The same factors that produced false convictions of non-Latinx defendants--including mistaken eyewitness identification, misconduct by police and prosecutors, and perjury--were also at work in Latinx defendants' cases. There are, however, differences both in the types of crimes for which Latinx exonerees were convicted and in the ways in which they were vulnerable to the errors and misconduct that produce false convictions. Moreover, the consequences of a false conviction--though calamitous for anyone--may be more pronounced for Latinx defendants with precarious immigration status. In this Article, we present what we know about Latinx defendants who have been exonerated-- the nature of the crimes, the factors that contributed to their wrongful convictions, and how their cases compare to non-Latinx exonerees. We discuss the particular ways in which Latinx defendants may be vulnerable to wrongful convictions, using case studies to explore how language barriers, racial profiling, and immigration concerns can be exploited in their cases. Finally, we consider barriers to exoneration, and how falsely convicted Latinx defendants may be particularly disadvantaged when seeking to overturn their convictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 66
IS  - 6
SP  - 1682
EP  - 1715
J2  - UCLA Law Review
SN  - 00415650
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143372790&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143372790; O'Brien, Barbara 1,2 Stephens, Klara 1 Possley, Maurice 1 Grosso, Catherine M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Registry of Exonerations  2: Professor of law at Michigan State University College of Law; Source Info: Dec2019, Vol. 66 Issue 6, p1682; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: HISPANIC Americans; Subject Term: FALSE claims; Subject Term: EYEWITNESS accounts; Subject Term: RACIAL profiling in law enforcement; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION barriers; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - HISPANIC Americans
KW  - RACIAL profiling in law enforcement
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - EYEWITNESS accounts
KW  - COMMUNICATION barriers
KW  - FALSE claims
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Machine learning for determining accurate outcomes in criminal trials.
AU  - Mitchell, Jane
AU  - Mitchell, Simon
AU  - Mitchell, Cliff
T2  - Law, Probability & Risk
AB  - Advances in mathematical and computational technologies have brought unique and ground-breaking benefits to diverse fields throughout society (engineering, medicine, economics, etc.). Within legal systems, however, the potential applications of data science and innovative mathematical tools have yet to be embraced with the same ambition. The complex decision-making that is needed for reaching just verdicts is often seen as out of reach for such approaches and, in the case of criminal trials, this inhibits exploration into whether machine learning could have a positive impact. Here, through assigning numerical scores to prosecution and defence evidence, and employing an approach based on dimensionality reduction, we showed that evidence strands presented at historical murder trials could be used to train effective machine-learning algorithms (or models). We tested the evidence quantification approach with the trained model and showed that, through machine learning, criminal cases could be clearly classified (probability >99.9%) as belonging to either a guilty or a not-guilty category. The classification was found to be as expected for all test cases. All guilty test cases that were not wrongful convictions were correctly assigned to the guilty category by our model and, crucially, test cases that were wrongful convictions were correctly assigned to the not-guilty category. This work demonstrated the potential for machine learning to benefit criminal trial decision-making, and should motivate further testing and development of the model and datasets for assisting the judicial process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/03//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 65
J2  - Law, Probability & Risk
SN  - 14708396
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=143805047&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143805047; Mitchell, Jane 1; Mitchell, Simon 2; Email Address: s.a.mitchell@bsms.ac.uk; Mitchell, Cliff 1; Affiliations: 1 : Independent Researcher , Manchester, UK; 2 : Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex , Brighton, UK;  Source Info: Mar2020, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: CRIMINAL trials; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: JURY decision making; Subject Term: VERDICTS; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - CRIMINAL trials
KW  - VERDICTS
KW  - JURY decision making
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - MAJOR REFORMS FOR MINORS' CONFESSIONS: RETHINKING SELF-INCRIMINATION PROTECTIONS FOR JUVENILES.
AU  - FABISZEWSKI, MAXWELL J.
T2  - Boston College Law Review
AB  - The right against self-incrimination has been a part of American law since before the enactment of the Fifth Amendment. In the twentieth century, extreme police interrogation methods led the U.S. Supreme Court to institute further protections of this constitutional principle. Most significantly, in 1966, in Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court permanently altered American criminal procedure and culture by extending the now-famous Miranda rights to individuals before custodial interrogation. Over fifty years later, these procedural safeguards to the right against self-incrimination have met virtually universal criticism for their ineffectiveness. Matters are particularly dire for juveniles because the law has failed to establish meaningful protections to ensure that they can understand and use their right against self-incrimination. Further, there is a growing amount of evidence that developmental limitations make juveniles especially susceptible to making uninformed, involuntary choices during interrogation. The recent innocence revolution provides proof that this leads to false confessions that unduly prejudice children in the criminal justice system and result in wrongful convictions. This Note argues that major change is necessary to protect juveniles from self-incrimination, and that confession evidence from juvenile interrogation should be inadmissible in court for due process and evidentiary reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/11//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 61
IS  - 7
SP  - 2643
EP  - 2694
J2  - Boston College Law Review
SN  - 01616587
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146744839&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 146744839; FABISZEWSKI, MAXWELL J. 1; Email Address: maxwell.fabiszewski@bc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Boston College Law School; Source Info: 2020, Vol. 61 Issue 7, p2643; Subject Term: SELF-incrimination; Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: PREJUDICES; Subject Term: REFORMS; Subject Term: POLICE questioning; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Supreme Court; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - REFORMS
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - UNITED States. Supreme Court
KW  - POLICE questioning
KW  - PREJUDICES
KW  - SELF-incrimination
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring Self-Reported Wrongful Convictions Among Prisoners.
AU  - Loeffler, Charles E.
AU  - Hyatt, Jordan
AU  - Ridgeway, Greg
T2  - Journal of Quantitative Criminology
AB  - Objectives: Estimate the frequency of self-reported factual innocence in non-capital cases within a state population of prisoners. Methods: We conducted a survey of a population sample of state prisoners who were asked to anonymously report their involvement in the crimes for which they were most recently convicted. To assess the validity of verifiable responses, prisoner self-report data were compared to aggregate conviction and demographic information derived from administrative records. To assess the validity of unverifiable responses, we developed a non-parametric test to estimate the probability of false innocence claims. Results: We estimate that wrongful convictions occur in 6% of criminal convictions leading to imprisonment in an intake population of state prisoners. This estimate masks a considerable degree of conviction-specific variability ranging from a low of 2% in DUI convictions to a high of 40% in rape convictions. Implausible or false innocence claims are estimated to occur in 2% of cases. Conclusions: The present investigation demonstrates that survey methods can provide bounded estimates of factual innocence claims within a discrete and known population. The resulting estimates, the first to formally separate claims of legal and factual innocence and to incorporate a formal measure of response plausibility, suggest that prisoners themselves are very often willing to self-report the correctness of their convictions. At the same time, a considerable minority indicate that procedural weaknesses with the administration of justice occurred in their cases. And, a distinct minority, with considerable offense variation, maintain that they are completely innocent of the charges against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/06//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 259
EP  - 286
J2  - Journal of Quantitative Criminology
SN  - 07484518
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=136557947&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 136557947; Loeffler, Charles E. 1; Email Address: cloef@sas.upenn.edu Hyatt, Jordan 2; Email Address: jmh498@drexel.edu Ridgeway, Greg 1,3; Email Address: gridge@sas.upenn.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA  2: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Studies, Drexel University, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA  3: Department of Statistics, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Source Info: Jun2019, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p259; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: INNOCENCE (Psychology); Subject Term: PRISONERS; Subject Term: CRIMINAL convictions; Subject Term: CRIME; Subject Term: CRIMINAL courts; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Binomial mixture model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innocence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prevalence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-report; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL convictions
KW  - Innocence
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - INNOCENCE (Psychology)
KW  - CRIME
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - PRISONERS
KW  - CRIMINAL courts
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - Wrongful conviction
KW  - Binomial mixture model
KW  - Self-report
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mental health characteristics of exonerees: a preliminary exploration.
AU  - Alexander-Bloch, Benjamin
AU  - Miller, Molly A.
AU  - Zeringue, Megan M.
AU  - Rubens, Sonia L.
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - The current study provides a preliminary examination of descriptive data on the mental health and sleep problems of exonerees across the United States. Thirteen male exonerees were recruited from Innocence Network-affiliated organizations. Participants completed surveys on symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep problems. Participants reported spending an average of 15.75 years in prison (SD = 9.51) for their now-exonerated conviction. They had been released through their exoneration an average of 9.85 years ago (SD = 5.70). Nearly half of participants reported clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, which were significantly intercorrelated. Greater time since release from prison was associated with significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety (p <.05), but only marginally related to lower PTSD symptoms (p <.10). On average, exonerees reported 5.8 h of sleep per night and four unique sleep disturbances per week. The findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the need for post-incarceration mental health services for exonerated prisoners. Further research is needed with larger sample sizes, as well as comparisons with non-exonerated former inmates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/09//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
SP  - 768
EP  - 775
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068316X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145302564&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 145302564; Alexander-Bloch, Benjamin 1,2 Miller, Molly A. 3 Zeringue, Megan M. 3 Rubens, Sonia L. 4; Email Address: srubens@scu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Tulane University Law School, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA  2: Tulane University School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA  3: Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA  4: Department of Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2020, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p768; Subject Term: MENTAL health services; Subject Term: MENTAL health; Subject Term: NIGHTMARES; Subject Term: POST-traumatic stress disorder; Subject Term: PRISON release; Subject Term: SYMPTOMS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: mental health; Author-Supplied Keyword: sleep; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621330 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); NAICS/Industry Codes: 623220 Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 622210 Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3571</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - mental health
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - MENTAL health
KW  - MENTAL health services
KW  - POST-traumatic stress disorder
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - PRISON release
KW  - Exoneration
KW  - NIGHTMARES
KW  - sleep
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - OBSTACLES AND BARRIERS AFTER EXONERATION.
AU  - Goldberg, Lily
AU  - Guillen, Nicole
AU  - Hernandez, Nicole
AU  - Levett, Lora M.
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - The purpose of this Article is to review existing obstacles exonerees may face in the areas of compensation, mental health, and reentry issues and suggest solutions for exonerated individuals in these areas. Wrongful convictions are a vast issue that have plagued the criminal justice system for centuries. An encompassing response to the dilemma of wrongful convictions is compensation. First, we discuss compensation and how this applies to individuals who have been wrongfully convicted as a result of the plethora of negative consequences they suffer, many of which stem after they have been released. Compensation is anything awarded to someone as atonement for loss, injury, or suffering. Not all states have statutes in place for compensation, and the ones that do are insufficient and not easily attainable. Even with these compensation statues, exonerees are left to deal with many struggles on their own. Our next section addresses a second barrier in exoneration, exploring how exonerees may acquire mental health issues in prison and after release and are left with few resources to cope with after liberation. Third, we examine the lack of support systems designed assist exonerees in their efforts to reintegrate back into society and the stigma exonerees may experience once released. Difficulties of reintegrating into society include deteriorated reputation, trouble with personal relationships, and an inability to attain a steady job and income. Even after exonerees have been freed from incarceration, they may be scrutinized by negative public perceptions associated with their false criminality. Unfortunately, these are only a few of the many problems exonerees are forced to endure. The discrepancies between various state statutes regarding compensation create a void that warrants the need for a comprehensive compensation statue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019//07/2019/2020
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
SP  - 829
EP  - 854
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146292644&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 146292644; Goldberg, Lily 1 Guillen, Nicole 2 Hernandez, Nicole 3 Levett, Lora M. 4; Affiliation:  1: B.A. in Criminology and a B.S. in Psychology at the University of Florida  2: B.A. in Criminology and a B.S. in Psychology with a minor in Communications at the University of Florida  3: B.A. in Criminology and B.S. in Psychology from the University of Florida  4: Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law at the University of Florida; Source Info: 2019/2020, Vol. 83 Issue 3, p829; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: COMPENSATION (Law); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION of prisoners; Subject Term: MENTAL health of prisoners; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: CRIME; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIME
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION of prisoners
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - COMPENSATION (Law)
KW  - MENTAL health of prisoners
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - OHIO'S WRONGFUL IMPRISONMENT STATUTE: MAKING IT EASIER TO COMPENSATE THE INNOCENT, EXONERATED, AND DESERVING.
AU  - Davis, Karen A.
T2  - University of Toledo Law Review
AB  - The author comments on the wrongful imprisonment compensation statute authorized by Ohio in 1986. Topics covered include a review of the causes and consequences of wrongful imprisonment, the state's current statutory compensation framework, focusing on the elements precluding compensation, and recommended changes to the Statute to achieve it goal of compensating innocent individuals for the time they spent in prison for crimes they did not commit.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 335
EP  - 359
J2  - University of Toledo Law Review
SN  - 00420190
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=135733761&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 135733761; Davis, Karen A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Juris Doctor Candidate, University of Toledo College of Law, 2019; Source Info: Winter2019, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p335; Subject Term: FALSE imprisonment laws; Subject Term: COMPENSATION (Law); Subject Term: STATE laws; Subject Term: CRIMINAL law; Subject Term: OHIO; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - OHIO
KW  - CRIMINAL law
KW  - STATE laws
KW  - COMPENSATION (Law)
KW  - FALSE imprisonment laws
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - OVERSTATING AMERICA'S WRONGFUL CONVICTION RATE? REASSESSING THE CONVENTIONAL WISDOM ABOUT THE PREVALENCE OF WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS.
AU  - Cassell, Paul G.
T2  - Arizona Law Review
AB  - A growing body of academic literature discusses the problem of wrongful convictions--i.e., convictions of factually innocent defendants for crimes they did not commit. But how often do such miscarriages of justice actually occur? Justice Scalia cited a figure of 0.027% as a possible error rate. But the conventional view in the literature is that, for violent crimes, the error rate is much higher--at least 1%, and perhaps as high as 4% or even more. This Article disputes that conventional wisdom. Based on a careful review of the available empirical literature, it is possible to assemble the component parts of a wrongful conviction rate calculation by looking at error rates at trial, the ratio of wrongful convictions obtained through trials versus plea bargains, and the percentage of cases resolved through pleas. Combining empirically based estimates for each of these three factors, a reasonable (and possibly overstated) calculation of the wrongful conviction rate appears, tentatively, to be somewhere in the range of 0.016%-0.062%--a range that comfortably embraces Justice Scalia's oftencriticized figure. If this Article's tentative error-rate range is correct, it means that previous scholarship has significantly overstated the risk of wrongful conviction. Moreover, it is possible to compare the lifetime risk of being wrongfully convicted to the risk of being a victim of a violent crime. The relative risk ratio appears to be about 30,000 to 1. This decidedly skewed ratio suggests that reform measures for protecting the innocent may need to be cautiously assessed to ensure that they do not interfere with the important goal of prosecuting the guilty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 815
EP  - 863
J2  - Arizona Law Review
SN  - 0004153X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=133823074&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 133823074; Cassell, Paul G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Presidential Professor of Criminal Law and University Distinguished Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah; Source Info: 2018, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p815; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CONVICTION rates; Subject Term: LEGAL status of defendants; Subject Term: VIOLENT crimes; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - VIOLENT crimes
KW  - CONVICTION rates
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - LEGAL status of defendants
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preventing Wrongful Convictions: An Analysis of State Investigation Reforms.
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine L.
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AU  - Acker, James R.
AU  - Lowe, Carmen
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
AB  - As more innocents are exonerated and researchers learn more about the causes of wrongful convictions, criminal justice practices have been altered to reduce the number of erroneous convictions, although reforms have varied widely in scope and substance throughout the nation. In this article, we provide an analysis of state-level investigative reforms important to the production of wrongful convictions as of mid-2016. Specifically, we collect and describe reform efforts in three investigatory areas: eyewitness identification, forensics, and interrogations. We then discuss wrongful conviction reforms and the innocence movement more generally, focusing on the importance of continued research into wrongful convictions as a critical policy issue in criminal justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/05//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SP  - 597
EP  - 626
J2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
SN  - 08874034
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=135841449&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 135841449; Norris, Robert J. 1; Email Address: norrisrj1@appstate.edu Bonventre, Catherine L. 2 Redlich, Allison D. 3 Acker, James R. 4 Lowe, Carmen 1; Affiliation:  1: Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA  2: Guilford College, Greensboro, NC, USA  3: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA  4: University at Albany, NY, USA; Source Info: May2019, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p597; Subject Term: BELIEF & doubt; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice personnel; Subject Term: QUESTIONING; Subject Term: INNOCENCE (Psychology); Subject Term: STAPOL (Simulation game); Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal justice policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocence; Author-Supplied Keyword: miscarriage of justice; Author-Supplied Keyword: state policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 12315</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - QUESTIONING
KW  - INNOCENCE (Psychology)
KW  - innocence
KW  - miscarriage of justice
KW  - criminal justice policy
KW  - CRIMINAL justice personnel
KW  - BELIEF & doubt
KW  - STAPOL (Simulation game)
KW  - state policy
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - PROMISE-INDUCED FALSE CONFESSIONS: LESSONS FROM PROMISES IN ANOTHER CONTEXT.
AU  - JOSELOW, MARGAUX
T2  - Boston College Law Review
AB  - People are generally skeptical that someone would falsely confess to a crime he or she did not commit. Nonetheless, a myriad of convicts exonerated by DNA and the rapidly emerging scientific literature on the subject calls into question this long-standing belief. Scholars in the field now recognize that personal and situational risk factors, including promises of leniency, heighten the risk of a false confession. Promises of leniency have been shown to be particularly coercive in interrogations and to produce unusually persuasive testimony in the courtroom. Due to a failure to recognize the power behind these promises, our justice system does not adequately safeguard criminal defendants who give promise-induced confessions. As such, federal appellate courts are in disarray over when a promise of leniency renders a confession inadmissible at trial. On the other hand, the power behind promises in the plea-bargaining context is better recognized by scholars and laypeople alike and our justice system consequently provides much greater safeguards to criminal defendants who plead guilty in response to a promise. This Note argues that jury instructions that help the jury better detect, understand, and weigh confession testimony can close the unwarranted gap between procedural safeguards governing promise-induced admissions of guilt during plea discussions and interrogations. This Note also proposes a model instruction, which conveys the relevant scientific and legal principles in a way that will impact jurors' verdicts in false confession cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/06//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
SP  - 1641
EP  - 1687
J2  - Boston College Law Review
SN  - 01616587
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=137618963&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137618963; JOSELOW, MARGAUX 1; Email Address: margaux.joselow@bc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Boston College Law School; Source Info: Jun2019, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p1641; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: UNITED States appellate courts; Subject Term: CRIMINAL defendants; Subject Term: JURORS; Subject Term: EX-convicts; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - EX-convicts
KW  - CRIMINAL defendants
KW  - JURORS
KW  - UNITED States appellate courts
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Psychological science on eyewitness identification and its impact on police practices and policies.
AU  - Wells, Gary L.
T2  - American Psychologist
AB  - The development of forensic DNA testing has led to the discovery of hundreds of cases of mistaken eyewitness identification in which innocent people were convicted. Although these discoveries of wrongful convictions from mistaken identification based on DNA testing have been a surprise and shock to the legal system and the public, psychological scientists have been less surprised. This is because psychological scientists were "blowing the whistle" on the eyewitness identification problem for decades prior to forensic DNA testing. Today, most law enforcement agencies in the United States have adopted reformed policies and procedures on eyewitness identification that are based on research by experimental social and cognitive psychologists. This article describes core aspects of this research and how the research has managed to have this impact on the U.S. legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/12//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 75
IS  - 9
SP  - 1316
EP  - 1329
J2  - American Psychologist
SN  - 0003066X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=147972583&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147972583; Wells, Gary L.; Source Info: Dec2020, Vol. 75 Issue 9, p1316; Subject Term: MEDICAL research -- Evaluation; Subject Term: CRIMINALS; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: MEDICAL jurisprudence; Subject Term: POLICE; Subject Term: GENETIC testing; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911230 Federal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912130 Provincial police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913130 Municipal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - POLICE
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - CRIMINALS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - DNA
KW  - MEDICAL jurisprudence
KW  - GENETIC testing
KW  - MEDICAL research -- Evaluation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rectify: The Power of Restorative Justice After Wrongful Conviction.
AU  - Immarigeon, Russ
T2  - Journal of Community Corrections
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
EP  - 21
J2  - Journal of Community Corrections
SN  - 15467627
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=134079507&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 134079507; Immarigeon, Russ; Source Info: Fall2018, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: RESTORATIVE justice; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review</p>
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - RESTORATIVE justice
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - BAZELON, Lara
KW  - RECTIFY: The Power of Restorative Justice After Wrongful Conviction (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - REGULATING BITE MARK EVIDENCE: LESBIAN VAMPIRES AND OTHER MYTHS OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY.
AU  - Oliva, Jennifer D.
AU  - Beety, Valena E.
T2  - Washington Law Review
AB  - This is the third piece in a trilogy that examines and evaluates the standards that American courts apply to admit forensic "science" evidence proffered by prosecutors in criminal trials. The first two articles in the trilogy expose the criminal courts' on-going practice of admitting false forensic evidence that is virtually always excluded in civil cases. They also advance a panoply of procedural and evidentiary solutions aimed at reforming this legally unviable discrepancy. Those solutions are court-centric insofar as they advocate for, among other things, open and early criminal discovery, pre-trial Daubert hearings to challenge evidence and experts, and court-appointment of qualified forensic science experts. This Article takes a comprehensive look at the criminal courts' treatment of scientifically rebuked bite mark identification evidence. Bite mark identification testimony is unreliable and, as a result, is responsible for dozens of wrongful convictions. Moreover, bite mark analysts have targeted sexual minority defendants by baselessly theorizing that bite marks are more common in crimes involving sexual minorities, generally, and lesbians, more particularly. American courts continue to admit bite mark identification testimony notwithstanding its lack of scientific validation, recurring role in wrongful convictions, and espousal of lesbian vampire mythology. This Article, therefore, does not rely on the criminal legal system to keep faulty bite mark identification evidence out of the courts. Instead, it demands that the scientific community of forensic odontologists and dentists police flawed bite mark testimony. Specifically, it calls on the national and state forensic odontology oversight entities to enhance their weak or nonexistent regulation of bite mark proponents and fulfill their legal mandate to protect the public from unscrupulous and unsupported expert testimony. It further proposes that state boards of dental practice satisfy their statutory mandates and discipline licensee dentists who provide faulty bite mark identification evidence in court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 94
IS  - 4
SP  - 1769
EP  - 1829
J2  - Washington Law Review
SN  - 00430617
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146419391&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 146419391; Oliva, Jennifer D. 1 Beety, Valena E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor of Law, Seton Hall University School of Law; Source Info: Dec2019, Vol. 94 Issue 4, p1769; Subject Term: BITE mark evidence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL courts; Subject Term: CRIMINAL trials; Subject Term: LESBIAN vampires; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject Term: SEXUAL minorities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; Number of Pages: 61p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - COURTS
KW  - CRIMINAL trials
KW  - CRIMINAL courts
KW  - BITE mark evidence
KW  - LESBIAN vampires
KW  - SEXUAL minorities
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reluctant to embrace innocence: an experimental test of persevering culpability judgments on people’s willingness to support reintegration services for exonerees.
AU  - Scherr, Kyle C.
AU  - Normile, Christopher J.
AU  - Sarmiento, Maria Camila
T2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
AB  - Objectives: People are hesitant to fully support reintegration efforts (e.g., opportunities to receive psychological counseling, career counseling, job training, housing assistance, educational opportunities, financial compensation) to help exonerees wrongfully convicted of a crime. However, underlying reasons motivating people’s hesitancy remain unaddressed. This research examined the influence of being wrongfully convicted of a race stereotypic-consistent crime on people’s judgments of exonerees’ culpability and willingness to support reintegration programs.Method: Using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to read a news story that depicted an African-American or White male who was exonerated after being wrongfully convicted of assault or embezzlement. Participants then offered their culpability judgments (i.e., their belief in the exoneree’s guilt and confidence in that belief) and willingness to support reintegration services.Results: Participants were less confident of the exoneree’s innocence and less supportive of psychological counseling services when the exoneree was a White, compared to African-American, male wrongfully convicted of the race stereotypic-consistent crime of embezzlement. An exploratory conditional mediation analysis indicated that less confidence in the exoneree’s innocence after being wrongfully convicted of a race stereotypic-consistent crime was, in turn, associated with people’s hesitancy to support psychological counseling for the exoneree.Conclusions: Basic and applied implications to overcome people’s hesitancy to support reintegration efforts for exonerees are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SP  - 529
EP  - 538
J2  - Journal of Experimental Criminology
SN  - 15733750
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=133200251&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 133200251; Scherr, Kyle C. 1; Email Address: kyle.scherr@cmich.edu; Normile, Christopher J. 1; Sarmiento, Maria Camila 1; Affiliations: 1 : Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Sloan Hall 101, 48859, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA;  Source Info: Dec2018, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p529; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: SOCIAL integration; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: HESITATION; Subject Term: OCCUPATIONAL training; Subject Term: PUBLIC opinion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Belief perseverance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereotypes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrongful convictions; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3876</p>
KW  - SOCIAL integration
KW  - PUBLIC opinion
KW  - OCCUPATIONAL training
KW  - Stereotypes
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - Belief perseverance
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - HESITATION
KW  - Wrongful convictions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - REMEDYING WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS THROUGH DNA TESTING: EXPANDING POST-CONVICTION LITIGANTS' ACCESS TO DNA DATABASE SEARCHES TO PROVE INNOCENCE.
AU  - MCGLYNN, KAYLEIGH E.
T2  - Boston College Law Review
AB  - Forensic science is used as evidence in criminal cases regularly. Recently, however, scientists have criticized several commonly used forensic methods that are unreliable, scientifically invalid, and have contributed to wrongful convictions. In contrast, DNA testing, which is reliable and valid, is a powerful resource for exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals. Congress and all fifty states have enacted statutes providing access to post-conviction DNA testing. Only nine states, however, have enacted statutes granting post-conviction litigants access to another important resource--law enforcement DNA database searches. Even though Congress amended the federal post-conviction DNA testing statute to provide access to DNA database searches in 2016, only applicants incarcerated for federal offenses are eligible for relief under this statute. This Note argues that, to remedy wrongful convictions, all state legislatures should amend postconviction DNA testing statutes to provide access to DNA database searches. Alternatively, Congress should amend the federal post-conviction DNA testing statute to provide post-conviction litigants wrongly convicted of state offenses with access to DNA database searches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/02//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 709
EP  - 751
J2  - Boston College Law Review
SN  - 01616587
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=135154722&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 135154722; MCGLYNN, KAYLEIGH E. 1; Email Address: kayleigh.mcglynn@bc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Boston College Law School; Source Info: Feb2019, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p709; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: DNA analysis; Subject Term: DNA data banks -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: DATABASE searching; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: HUMAN DNA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Congress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921120 Legislative Bodies; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - POSTCONVICTION remedies
KW  - UNITED States. Congress
KW  - DATABASE searching
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - DNA analysis
KW  - DNA data banks -- Law & legislation
KW  - FORENSIC sciences -- Law & legislation
KW  - HUMAN DNA
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - RICHARDS II TAKES A BITE OUT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE.
AU  - Cornell-Davis, Michelle
T2  - Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review
AB  - The article focuses on discusses the factual background that led to William Richards's wrongful conviction and the procedural journey that led to his eventual release. It informs on unreliability of some forensic sciences administered in criminal investigations; need for reliable forensic science standards in criminal cases; and use of false or misleading forensic evidence in a case involving bitemark evidence.
DA  - 2019/01//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 505
EP  - 521
J2  - Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review
SN  - 01479857
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=134350301&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 134350301; Cornell-Davis, Michelle 1; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Candidate, Loyola Law School, Los Angeles; Source Info: 2019, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p505; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: CRIMINAL investigation; Subject Term: LEGAL evidence; People: RICHARDS, William; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL investigation
KW  - FORENSIC sciences
KW  - LEGAL evidence
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - RICHARDS, William
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - RIGHTING THE WRONGFULLY CONVICTED: HOW KANSAS'S NEW EXONEREE COMPENSATION STATUTE SETS A STANDARD FOR THE UNITED STATES.
AU  - CONNOLLY, SCOTT
T2  - St. John's Law Review
AB  - The article examines Kansas's new exoneree compensation statute as a model to enact wrongful conviction compensation law in the U.S. Also cited are the hardships faced by prisoners like sexual violence and discrimination, how false imprisonment is an affront to the principle of presumption of innocence, and the use of DNA testing and witness unreliability as strategies to exonerate innocent prisoners.
DA  - 2019/07//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 93
IS  - 3
SP  - 883
EP  - 911
J2  - St. John's Law Review
SN  - 00362905
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142706403&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142706403; CONNOLLY, SCOTT 1; Affiliation:  1: St. John's University School of Law; Source Info: 2019, Vol. 93 Issue 3, p883; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CORRECTIVE justice; Subject Term: STATUTES; Subject Term: EX-convicts; Subject Term: PRESUMPTION of innocence; Subject Term: COMPENSATION (Law); Subject Term: KANSAS; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PRESUMPTION of innocence
KW  - EX-convicts
KW  - STATUTES
KW  - KANSAS
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - COMPENSATION (Law)
KW  - CORRECTIVE justice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - SEEING IS BELIEVING: FIGHTING EYEWITNESS MISIDENTIFICATION IN KANSAS.
AU  - Blair, Brynn
T2  - Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy
AB  - The article focuses on admissibility of expert testimony on eyewitness identifications in Kansas courts. Topics discussed include adoption of new guidelines for allowing experts on eyewitness testimony for testifying about eyewitness accuracy for protecting wrongful convictions of the defendants; court case Manson v. Brathwaite on the same; and problems of deoxyribonucleic acid evidence.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 167
EP  - 185
J2  - Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy
SN  - 10558942
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129603751&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 129603751; Blair, Brynn 1; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Candidate 2018, University of Kansas School of Law; Source Info: Spring2018, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p167; Subject Term: ADMISSIBLE evidence; Subject Term: EXPERT evidence; Subject Term: EYEWITNESS identification; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: MANSON v. Brathwaite (Supreme Court case); Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ADMISSIBLE evidence
KW  - EYEWITNESS identification
KW  - EXPERT evidence
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - DNA
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - MANSON v. Brathwaite (Supreme Court case)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma: Wrongful Conviction Risks, Mis-information Effects, and Psychological Consultation.
AU  - Johnson, Matthew B.
AU  - Baker, Christine
AU  - Prempeh, Barbara
AU  - Lewis, Shereen R.
T2  - Journal of Forensic Psychology Research & Practice
AB  - Psychologists as experts may be engaged in criminal or family court cases involving Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma (SBS/AHT). There are unsettled questions within medical specialties regarding the diagnosis of SBS/AHT, as well as the mechanisms and timing of injuries. Psychologists need to be cautious about providing testimony based on findings from disciplines other than psychology. Forensic psychological consultation in SBS/AHT can be informed by the record of exoneration in these cases. Also, psychological research on processes in wrongful conviction such as the "mis-information effect" and forensic "confirmation bias" can inform such consultation and testimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/06/05/May undefined
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
SP  - 290
EP  - 304
J2  - Journal of Forensic Psychology Research & Practice
SN  - 24732850
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142425992&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142425992; Johnson, Matthew B. 1 Baker, Christine 2; Email Address: Christine.Baker@rwjbh.org Prempeh, Barbara 2 Lewis, Shereen R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA  2: Metro Regional Diagnostic and Treatment Center (RDTC), Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2020, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p290; Subject Term: SHAKEN baby syndrome; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: JUVENILE courts; Subject Term: CONFIRMATION bias (Psychology); Subject Term: CRIMINAL courts; Author-Supplied Keyword: forensic confirmation bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: mis-information effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychological testimony; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913110 Municipal courts of law; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6190</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - JUVENILE courts
KW  - CRIMINAL courts
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - CONFIRMATION bias (Psychology)
KW  - forensic confirmation bias
KW  - mis-information effects
KW  - psychological testimony
KW  - SHAKEN baby syndrome
KW  - Shaken Baby Syndrome/Abusive Head Trauma
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shaken Baby Syndrome: as a Controversy in Wrongful Conviction Cases.
AU  - Zakirova, Eza Bella
T2  - Albany law review
DA  - 2018/01//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 81
IS  - 3
SP  - 1027
EP  - 1046
J2  - Albany law review
SN  - 0002-4678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=30081438&site=ehost-live
AN  - 30081438
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 30081438. Language: English. Date Revised: 20180906. Date Created: 20180807. Date Completed: 20180906. Update Code: 20210210. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 9892402. Publication Model: Print. Cited Medium: Print. NLM ISO Abbr: Albany Law Rev. Linking ISSN: 00024678. Subset: Health Technology; Date of Electronic Publication: 20180101. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Albany, N.Y. : Albany Law School, 1948-</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - United States
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Child Abuse/*legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Forensic Medicine/*legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Shaken Baby Syndrome/*diagnosis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - SMOKE BUT NO FIRE: WHEN INNOCENT PEOPLE ARE WRONGLY CONVICTED OF CRIMES THAT NEVER HAPPENED.
AU  - Henry, Jessica S.
T2  - American Criminal Law Review
AB  - Nearly one-third of exonerations involve the wrongful conviction of an innocent person for a crime that never actually happened,' such as when the police plant drugs on an innocent person, a scorned lover invents a false accusation, or an expert mislabels a suicide as a murder. Despite the frequency with which no-crime convictions take place, little scholarship has been devoted to the subject. This Article seeks to fill that gap in the literature by exploring no-crime wrongful convictions as a discrete and unique phenomenon within the wrongful convictions universe. This Article considers three main factors that contribute to no-crime wrongful convictions: official misconduct in the form of police lies, aggressive policing tactics, and prosecutorial malfeasance; the mislabeling of a non-criminal event as a crime; and outright fabrications by informants and non-governmental witnesses with motivations to lie. This Article then provides an empirical analysis of existing data from the National Registry of Exonerations about no-crime exonerations and compares data between nocrime exonerations and actual-crime exonerations in terms of contributing factors, crime types, and race and gender distinctions. In doing so, this Article demonstrates that no-crime wrongful convictions, where a person is convicted of a crime that did not occur, are materially different from actualcrime wrongful convictions, where the wrong person is convicted of a crime that did occur but was committed by another. Finally, this Article concludes with policy reform recommendations that specifically seek to reduce the incidence of no-crime wrongful convictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
SP  - 665
EP  - 703
J2  - American Criminal Law Review
SN  - 01640364
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130288243&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 130288243; Henry, Jessica S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor of Justice Studies, Montclair State University; Source Info: Summer2018, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p665; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: PROSECUTORIAL misconduct; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PROSECUTORIAL misconduct
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stigma against false confessors impacts post-exoneration financial compensation.
AU  - Kukucka, Jeff
AU  - Evelo, Andrew J.
T2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
AB  - False confessors are stigmatized more than other exonerees. Traditional theories of stigma suggest that this difference may result from confessors being seen as more responsible for their own wrongful conviction. In the current study, we examined an important tangible consequence of stigma against false confessors-namely, that it might impede their ability to win financial restitution in post-exoneration civil lawsuits. Mock jurors (N = 129), recruited online, read a case summary in which an exoneree is seeking damages after being wrongly convicted due to a false confession or eyewitness misidentification, which either did or did not result from police misconduct. When the exoneree falsely confessed in the absence of police misconduct, mock jurors rated him as most responsible for his own conviction and expressed the most doubt over his actual innocence. Contrary to legal criteria, they also awarded him smaller compensatory and punitive damage awards. Notably, the false confessor was seen as more responsible than the misidentified exoneree even if his interrogation was highly coercive. In turn, false confessors who were seen as more responsible received smaller damage awards. Implications for trial procedure and exoneree compensation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/07//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 372
EP  - 387
J2  - Behavioral Sciences & the Law
SN  - 07353936
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=137888979&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 137888979; Kukucka, Jeff 1; Email Address: jkukucka@towson.edu Evelo, Andrew J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson MD, USA  2: Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Graduate Center, CUNY, New York NY, USA; Source Info: Jul2019, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p372; Subject Term: SOCIAL stigma; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: COMPENSATION (Law); Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: MOCK trials; Subject Term: CONTROL (Psychology); Subject Term: JURISPRUDENCE; Subject Term: POLICE; Subject Term: SOCIAL control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911230 Federal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913130 Municipal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912130 Provincial police services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: journal article</p>
KW  - POLICE
KW  - SOCIAL control
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - SOCIAL stigma
KW  - CONTROL (Psychology)
KW  - JURISPRUDENCE
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - COMPENSATION (Law)
KW  - MOCK trials
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE BITE MARK DENTISTS AND THE COUNTERATTACK ON FORENSIC SCIENCE REFORM.
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Windell, James
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - An editorial in a scientific journal by forensic odontologists defending the admissibility of bite mark evidence, Epidermis and Enamel, is critiqued. The editorial's primary deficiency is that it fails to address scientific challenges to the reliability and validity of bite mark evidence. The Article first traces the impact of bite mark analysis through two wrongful conviction case examples in Mississippi and Michigan. The Article then reviews the scientific research and reasoning that shows bite mark evidence to be unreliable and to lack scientific support. The critique of Epidermis and Enamel shows it to be riddled with logical flaws; failing to critically address scientific analyses showing the unreliability of bite mark analysis; erroneously deflecting criticism of bite-mark (in)accuracy by noting that wrongful convictions often have multiple causes; mischaracterizing social scientific research; falsely claiming that a number of exonerations were not wrongful convictions; being highly defensive; citing the testimonials of supporters; and defaming its critics. The illogical defense of bite mark analysis by forensic odontologists is explained in social psychological terms through the constructs of organizational deviance, groupthink, cognitive dissonance, cognitive bias, and Mercier and Sperber's evolutionary theory of reasoning. We conclude by noting that the resistance to scientific challenge by the forensic odontologists in their editorial reflects the rear-guard defensiveness displayed by other forensic analysts and unprogressive prosecutors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019//07/2019/2020
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
SP  - 749
EP  - 829
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146292643&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 146292643; Zalman, Marvin 1 Windell, James 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Wayne State University  2: Departments at Wayne State University and Oakland University; Source Info: 2019/2020, Vol. 83 Issue 3, p749; Subject Term: BITE mark evidence; Subject Term: FORENSIC sciences; Subject Term: DENTISTRY; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: COGNITIVE bias; Subject Term: GROUPTHINK theory; Subject Term: SOCIAL psychology; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Number of Pages: 81p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - FORENSIC sciences
KW  - SOCIAL psychology
KW  - COGNITIVE bias
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - BITE mark evidence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - DENTISTRY
KW  - GROUPTHINK theory
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The color of confinement: examining youth exoneration decisions and the critical race theory.
AU  - Webb, Patrick
AU  - Savard, Dennis
AU  - Delaney, Aimee
T2  - Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
AB  - The critical race theory has been predictive of how minority youth are treated in the juvenile and criminal justice systems in the United States. However, the theory has not been applied in explaining the existence of wrongful convictions among juveniles. Using secondary data derived from the National Exoneration Registry, the purpose of this study is to identify specific factors (e.g., DNA evidence, etc.) related to the wrongful convictions of Black youth who have been exonerated. Compared to other racial categories, the results reveal that Black youth are more likely to experience wrongful convictions as a result of false confessions, faulty eyewitness identification, perjury, and official misconduct. Limitations, policy implications, and areas of further investigation are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/07//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 206
EP  - 237
J2  - Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice
SN  - 15377938
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144655769&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144655769; Webb, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrickwebb@hotmail.com Savard, Dennis 2 Delaney, Aimee 3; Affiliation:  1: Saint Augustine's University, Raleigh, NC, USA  2: Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA  3: Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, USA; Source Info: Jul-Sep2020, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p206; Subject Term: CRITICAL race theory; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: MISCONDUCT in office; Subject Term: JUVENILE delinquents; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: race; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Author-Supplied Keyword: youth offenders; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 14258</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - MISCONDUCT in office
KW  - JUVENILE delinquents
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - race
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Exoneration
KW  - CRITICAL race theory
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - EXONERATION
KW  - youth offenders
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The criminal costs of wrongful convictions: Can we reduce crime by protecting the innocent?
AU  - Norris, Robert J.
AU  - Weintraub, Jennifer N.
AU  - Acker, James R.
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine L.
T2  - Criminology & Public Policy
AB  - Research Summary: In this article, we examine criminal offending by true perpetrators after innocent people are arrested and convicted for their crimes. After investigating a set of cases in which DNA was used to exonerate the innocent and to identify the guilty party, we identified 109 true perpetrators, 102 of whom committed additional crimes. We found a total of 337 additional offenses committed by the true perpetrators, including 43 homicide‐related and 94 sex offenses. By extrapolating from our findings, we estimate that the wrong‐person wrongful convictions that occur annually may lead to more than 41,000 additional crimes. Policy Implications: Our findings indicate that one consequence of wrongful convictions, allowing the true perpetrators of crimes to remain at liberty and commit new crimes that imperil prospective victims, represents an important threat to public safety and thereby dramatically compounds the harms caused to innocents. We stress the importance of framing wrongful conviction issues to capture these important crime control concerns and, thus, to help galvanize public opinion and promote policy reforms that will mutually benefit adherents of both crime control and due process perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/05//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SP  - 367
EP  - 388
J2  - Criminology & Public Policy
SN  - 15386473
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143548762&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143548762; Norris, Robert J. 1; Email Address: rnorris4@gmu.edu Weintraub, Jennifer N. 2 Acker, James R. 2 Redlich, Allison D. 1 Bonventre, Catherine L. 3; Affiliation:  1: George Mason University  2: University at Albany  3: Guilford College; Source Info: May2020, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p367; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIME; Subject Term: CRIMINAL liability; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: LIBERTY; Subject Term: PUBLIC safety; Subject Term: JUSTICE administration; Author-Supplied Keyword: crime control; Author-Supplied Keyword: due process; Author-Supplied Keyword: exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: framing; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocence; Author-Supplied Keyword: miscarriage of justice; Author-Supplied Keyword: true perpetrator; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful liberty; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - JUSTICE administration
KW  - exoneration
KW  - innocence
KW  - CRIME
KW  - miscarriage of justice
KW  - DNA
KW  - PUBLIC safety
KW  - LIBERTY
KW  - framing
KW  - CRIMINAL liability
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - crime control
KW  - due process
KW  - true perpetrator
KW  - wrongful liberty
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Dangers of Convictions Based on a Single Piece of Forensic Evidence.
AU  - Olaborede, A.
AU  - Meintjes-van der Walt, L.
T2  - Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
AB  - The overall goal of the criminal justice system is to ensure that perpetrators of crimes are duly punished and that victims of crimes are duly exonerated. As part of the effort to achieve this goal, the forensic disciplines have become very important in criminal investigations and prosecutions in identifying the guilty and in exonerating the innocent. There is a growing number of cases where people have been convicted based on a single piece of forensic evidence. However, some of the convictions have been found to be wrong, largely, due to the lack of adequate scientific validation of the forensic science methods. Some of these methods include latent fingerprint analysis, bite mark analysis, microscopic hair analysis and firearms identification. This article critically examines the application of forensic evidence in criminal prosecutions and highlights the dangers of convictions based on a single piece of forensic evidence. The findings of recent reports, such as, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 2009 Report and President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) 2016 Report, confirm the critical role and broad scope of these forensic pattern-matching methods. The reports also indicate flaws that affect the accuracy of these methods, such as, inadequate scientific validation, coincidental results (erroneous match), human, laboratory and interpretive errors etc. Therefore, this article argues that the court should follow a cautionary approach when relying on a single piece of forensic evidence and that strong corroboration with other forms of evidence linking the accused to the crime should be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/01//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 23
SP  - 1
EP  - 38
J2  - Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
SN  - 17273781
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144900616&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144900616; Olaborede, A. 1; Email Address: adebolaolaborede@gmail.com Meintjes-van der Walt, L. 1; Email Address: lmeintjes-vanderwalt@ufh.ac.za; Affiliation:  1: University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Source Info: 2020, Vol. 23, p1; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: CRIMINAL investigation; Subject Term: HAIR analysis; Subject Term: TRUTH; Subject Term: RETRIBUTION; Subject Term: EVIDENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: criminal justice system; Author-Supplied Keyword: expert witness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forensic evidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: patternmatching methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Academy of Sciences (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - CRIMINAL investigation
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - criminal justice system
KW  - EVIDENCE
KW  - expert witness
KW  - Forensic evidence
KW  - HAIR analysis
KW  - NATIONAL Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
KW  - patternmatching methods
KW  - RETRIBUTION
KW  - TRUTH
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Facts and Fictions of Prosecutorial Misconduct.
AU  - Montgomery, Edward R.
T2  - Utah Bar Journal
AB  - The article deals with the alleged pervasiveness of prosecutorial misconduct in the U.S. Topics discussed include several examples of prosecutorial misconduct including the wrongful prosecution of former Senator Ted Stevens and the conclusion made by the Lippman Commission, which was tasked to study wrongful convictions in New York, that prosecutorial misconduct is not rampant.
DA  - 2020/10/09/Sep undefined
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - 14
EP  - 16
J2  - Utah Bar Journal
SN  - 00919691
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=145925381&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 145925381; Montgomery, Edward R.; Source Info: Sep/Oct2020, Vol. 33 Issue 5, p14; Subject Term: PROSECUTORIAL misconduct; Subject Term: PROSECUTION; Subject Term: LEGAL ethics; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: UNITED States; People: STEVENS, Ted, 1923-2010; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - LEGAL ethics
KW  - PROSECUTION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - PROSECUTORIAL misconduct
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - STEVENS, Ted, 1923-2010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE INTERSECTION OF WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS AND GENDER IN CASES WHERE WOMEN WERE SENTENCED TO DEATH OR LIFE IN PRISON WITHOUT PAROLE.
AU  - Lang, Connor F.
T2  - Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
AB  - This Note examines National Registry of Exonerations data and discusses the prevalence of false confessions and presence of a child victim in cases of women who were convicted of murder, received a serious sentence, and were later exonerated. After looking at the cases of women exonerated after receiving death sentences or life without parole sentences in light of the prevalence of these factors, this Note argues that examination of the cases reveals that the presence of a false confession or a child victim may have contributed to some of the wrongful convictions where these factors may have led to the women being viewed as having failed to conform to society's expectations for women. This Note then discusses why evidence that portrayed the women as having violated society's expectations could not have been excluded at trial and why exclusion in future cases through the rules of evidence or new legislation is challenging. This Note concludes by arguing that an awareness of how gender can contribute to wrongful convictions or the imposition of harsher sentences can help attorneys and judges guard against gender affecting the outcomes of criminal proceedings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/07//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 403
EP  - 434
J2  - Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
SN  - 10958835
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=148874161&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 148874161; Lang, Connor F. 1; Affiliations: 1 : University of Michigan Law School;  Source Info: 2020, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p403; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Optimal Evidence Threshold: Balancing the Frequency and Severity of Wrongful Punishment.
AU  - Hynes, Richard
T2  - Supreme Court Economic Review
AB  - Prior literature argues that optimal sanctions are fixed and maximal and that the optimal evidence threshold balances the social costs of wrongful convictions (lost deterrence) and wrongful acquittals (chilling of benign behavior). This chilling argument is an externality argument. If punishment affects only the punished and there are no other externalities, the net social value of the chilled behavior is zero. Even without chilling costs, differences in how punishment affects defendants and third parties can justify nonmaximal sanctions. When optimal sanctions are nonmaximal, the optimal evidence threshold depends on these differences because this threshold balances the frequency against the severity of wrongful punishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/01//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SP  - 113
EP  - 134
J2  - Supreme Court Economic Review
SN  - 07369921
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138520397&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138520397; Hynes, Richard; Source Info: Jan2018, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p113; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: LEGAL evidence; Subject Term: PUNISHMENT in crime deterrence; Subject Term: ACQUITTALS; Subject Term: PUNISHMENT; Subject Term: SOCIAL values; Subject Term: LEGAL sanctions; Subject Term: DEFENDANTS; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9027</p>
KW  - DEFENDANTS
KW  - PUNISHMENT
KW  - PUNISHMENT in crime deterrence
KW  - LEGAL sanctions
KW  - SOCIAL values
KW  - LEGAL evidence
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - ACQUITTALS
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE RAGE AGAINST THE FELONY MURDER RULE TRAP WHEN JUVENILES ARE PROSECUTED FOR MURDER IN CO-FELON KILLINGS.
AU  - Carter, Derrick Augustus
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - As part of the Miscarriages of Justice 10th annual issue, this Article addresses the felony murder rule where juvenile and adult accomplices are liable for co-felon deaths at the hands of victims or police. This Article addresses the prevailing tests of agency, proximate cause, and provocative acts that applies to adults and juveniles in unraveling co-felon liability. Hundreds of innocent young people are ensnared into these wrongful convictions, serving twenty years to life for a death they never planned or intended or expected. Indeed, if accomplices can be charged with felony murder for the killing of their co-felon by victims or police, then every accomplice will be motivated to subdue victims from doing harm to the pack. The Proximate cause test will devour itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019//07/2019/2020
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
SP  - 965
EP  - 988
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=146292647&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 146292647; Carter, Derrick Augustus 1; Affiliation:  1: Professor Emeritus, Valparaiso University Law School, and Former Michigan Appellate Defender; Source Info: 2019/2020, Vol. 83 Issue 3, p965; Subject Term: FELONY murder; Subject Term: JUVENILE delinquency; Subject Term: ACCOMPLICES; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL liability; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: MOTIVE (Law); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - JUVENILE delinquency
KW  - CRIMINAL liability
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - ACCOMPLICES
KW  - FELONY murder
KW  - MOTIVE (Law)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The variable influence of confession inconsistencies: How factual errors (but not contradictions) reduce belief in suspect guilt.
AU  - Holt, Glenys A.
AU  - Palmer, Matthew A.
T2  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
AB  - Summary: Wrongful conviction statistics suggest that jurors pay little heed to the quality of confession evidence when making verdict decisions. However, recent research indicates that confession inconsistencies may sometimes reduce perception of suspect guilt. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of attribution theory, correspondence bias, and the story model of juror decision‐making, we investigated how judgments about likely guilt are affected by different types of inconsistencies: self‐contradictions (Experiment 1) and factual errors (Experiment 2). Crucially, judgments of likely guilt of the suspect were reduced by factual errors in confession evidence, but not by contradictions. Mediation analyses suggest that this effect of factual errors on judgments of guilt is underpinned by the extent to which mock‐jurors generated a plausible, alternative explanation for why the suspect confessed. These results indicate that not all confession inconsistencies are treated equally; factual errors might cause suspicion about the veracity of the confession, but contradictions do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2021/01//
PY  - 2021
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
SP  - 232
EP  - 242
J2  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
SN  - 08884080
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=148160650&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 148160650; Holt, Glenys A. 1; Email Address: g.holt@chester.ac.uk Palmer, Matthew A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, UK  2: Department of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania,, Australia; Source Info: Jan2021, Vol. 35 Issue 1, p232; Subject Term: CONTRADICTION; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: JURORS; Subject Term: SUSPICION; Author-Supplied Keyword: attribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: confessions; Author-Supplied Keyword: juror decisions; Author-Supplied Keyword: suspicion; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful conviction; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8671</p>
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - CONTRADICTION
KW  - SUSPICION
KW  - confessions
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - attribution
KW  - juror decisions
KW  - JURORS
KW  - suspicion
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Therapy with exonerated clients: review and recommendations.
AU  - Heilbrun, Kirk
AU  - Fishel, Sarah
AU  - Lankford, Claire
AU  - Ratkalkar, Mina
T2  - Journal of Forensic Practice
AB  - Purpose: The conviction of innocent individuals has emerged as an international concern, resulting in substantial attention to the legal needs that stem from exoneration. However, many other challenges can also arise in the aftermath of an exoneration, including financial, psychosocial and mental health needs. Relatively little has been written about the particular reentry needs of individuals who are exonerated of their charges, and even fewer studies have considered the effectiveness of various treatment approaches. The purpose of this paper is to reviews the available literature, identifies gaps and provides clinical recommendations for the development of treatment interventions for exonerees. Design/methodology/approach: The research addressing the needs and challenges that arise in the aftermath of exoneration is reviewed and analysed for implications that can guide treatment-planning in this area. Findings: This paper reviews key finds from the literature and provides recommendations for developing a semi-structured approach to treating exonerees. Practical implications: Practical applications for the development of effective therapeutic interventions for exonerated individuals are identified and discussed. Originality/value: Currently, there is very limited literature addressing the specific reentry needs and effective therapeutic interventions for exonerated individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/04//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 123
EP  - 135
J2  - Journal of Forensic Practice
SN  - 20508794
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=142850860&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142850860; Heilbrun, Kirk 1; Email Address: kh33@drexel.edu; Fishel, Sarah 2; Email Address: srp333@drexel.edu; Lankford, Claire 1; Email Address: Claire.m.lankford@gmail.com; Ratkalkar, Mina 1; Email Address: mina.ratkalkar@gmail.com; Affiliations: 1 : Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 2 : Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, and Drexel University Thomas R Kline School of Law, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;  Source Info: 2020, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p123; Subject Term: CRIMINOLOGY; Subject Term: MENTALLY ill -- Rehabilitation; Subject Term: PSYCHOTHERAPY; Subject Term: CRIME victims -- Psychology; Subject Term: SOCIAL support; Subject Term: INDEPENDENT living; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoneration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reentry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reintegration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Treatments needs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrongful conviction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7137</p>
KW  - CRIMINOLOGY
KW  - SOCIAL support
KW  - CRIME victims -- Psychology
KW  - PSYCHOTHERAPY
KW  - INDEPENDENT living
KW  - MENTALLY ill -- Rehabilitation
KW  - Reentry
KW  - Reintegration
KW  - Exoneration
KW  - Wrongful conviction
KW  - Treatments needs
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time to exonerate eyewitness memory.
AU  - Wixted, John T
T2  - Forensic science international
AB  - Understandably enough, most people are under the impression that eyewitness memory is unreliable. For example, research shows that memory is malleable, so much so that people can come to confidently remember traumatic events that never actually happened. In addition, eyewitness misidentifications made with high confidence in a court of law are known to have played a role in more than 70% of the 358 wrongful convictions that have been overturned based on DNA evidence since 1989. However, recent research demonstrates that eyewitness confidence is highly indicative of accuracy on an initial, uncontaminated, properly administered photo lineup. In other words, low confidence indicates that the test result (i.e., the ID) is inconclusive, whereas high confidence indicates that the test result is far more conclusive. Critically, for the DNA exonerees who were misidentified by an eyewitness in a court of law, in every case where their initial confidence can be determined, the eyewitness appropriately expressed low confidence. For any other kind of evidence (e.g., DNA, fingerprints), an inconclusive test result like that would have been the end of it. By contrast, in the case of eyewitness evidence, investigators repeatedly tested (and therefore unwittingly contaminated) memory until a seemingly conclusive high-confidence ID could be presented to the jury. Blaming eyewitness memory for the failure of the criminal justice system to accept the inconclusive nature of the initial (uncontaminated) eyewitness evidence seems misguided. In addition to exonerating the innocent defendants who were wrongfully convicted, the time has come to exonerate eyewitness memory too. (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
DA  - 2018/11//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.08.018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 292
SP  - e13
EP  - e15
J2  - Forensic science international
SN  - 1872-6283
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=30219613&site=ehost-live
AN  - 30219613
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 30219613. Language: English. Date Revised: 20181219. Date Created: 20180917. Date Completed: 20181219. Update Code: 20210210. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 7902034. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Forensic Sci Int. Linking ISSN: 03790738. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 29. Current Imprints: Publication: Limerick : Elsevier Science Ireland; Original Imprints: Publication: Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia.</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - Criminal Law*
KW  - Wrongful convictions
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Eyewitness memory
KW  - DNA Fingerprinting/legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Mental Recall*
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - UNDER THE HOOD: BRENDAN DASSEY, LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS, AND JUDICIAL IGNORANCE.
AU  - LaVigne, Michele
AU  - Miles, Sally
T2  - Albany Law Review
AB  - The article analyzes the wrongful conviction of special education student Brendan Dassey which was featured in the documentary series, "Making a Murderer," released on Netflix in 2015. Topics discussed include the homicide of Wisconsin-resident Teresa Halbach wherein the primary suspect was Dassey's uncle Steven Avery, the impact of the behavior of law enforcement on the unreliability of Dassey's confession, and the role of a speech-language pathologist in such case.
DA  - 2018//07/2018/2019
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 873
EP  - 947
J2  - Albany Law Review
SN  - 00024678
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138305780&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138305780; LaVigne, Michele 1 Miles, Sally; Affiliation:  1: J.D. Distinguished Clinical Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin Law School; Source Info: 2018/2019, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p873; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: HOMICIDE; Subject Term: CRIME suspects; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Reviews & Products: MAKING a Murderer (TV program); NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; People: DASSEY, Brendan, 1989-; People: HALBACH, Teresa; People: AVERY, Steven, 1962-; Number of Pages: 75p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - LAW enforcement
KW  - CRIME suspects
KW  - HOMICIDE
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - AVERY, Steven, 1962-
KW  - DASSEY, Brendan, 1989-
KW  - HALBACH, Teresa
KW  - MAKING a Murderer (TV program)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WHERE HAVE ALL THE INNOCENTS GONE?
AU  - Thomas III, George C.
T2  - Arizona Law Review
AB  - The DNA revolution has revealed that, contrary to received wisdom, the conviction of an innocent defendant by the vaunted American criminal justice system is far from a freakish event. The National Registry of Exonerations now lists more than 2,200 cases of wrongful convictions. Of course, 2,200 cases is a minuscule number compared to the roughly 1.5 million felons in state and federal prisons at any given moment. The last quarter century has seen a vigorous debate about the error rate that leads to the conviction of innocent defendants. Estimates have ranged from 0.027% to 15%; most estimates are in the 0.5% to 2% range. This Article presents the first study to draw on an existing data set of actual claims of innocence to estimate the overall error rate in the criminal justice system. The data come from the North Carolina Innocence Inquiry Commission, a unique program that allows applications for exoneration from convicted felons. Conservative assumptions about the North Carolina data set produce a likely error rate of 0.125% to 0.5%. Though the estimates of the wrongful conviction rate are thus limited to North Carolina, there is no reason to think that the error rate is materially different in other states. This Article is, in part, a response to Paul Cassell's article, Overstating America's Wrongful Conviction Rate? Reassessing the Conventional Wisdom About the Prevalence of Wrongful Convictions. Though the findings here as to the estimated error rate are higher than Professor Cassell's, we do agree that previous estimates tend to be too high for reasons this Article will explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/12//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 865
EP  - 890
J2  - Arizona Law Review
SN  - 0004153X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=133823075&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 133823075; Thomas III, George C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Rutgers University Board of Governors Professor of Law & Judge Alexander P. Waugh, Sr. Distinguished Scholar; Source Info: 2018, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p865; Subject Term: LEGAL status of defendants; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system -- United States; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: CONVICTION rates; People: CASSELL, Paul; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system -- United States
KW  - CONVICTION rates
KW  - LEGAL status of defendants
KW  - CASSELL, Paul
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Government Misconduct and Convicting the Innocent, The Role of Prosecutors, Police and Other Law Enforcement
AU  - Gross, Samuel R.
AU  - Possley, Maurice
AU  - Roll, Kaitlin
AU  - Stephens, Klara
AB  - This report examines the role of official misconduct in the conviction of innocent people. It is based on first 2,400 exonerations listed in the National Registry of Exonerations: cases in which a person who was convicted of a crime was officially and completely cleared based on new evidence of innocence. The Report is limited to misconduct by government officials that contributes to the false convictions of defendants who are later exonerated—misconduct that produces unreliable, misleading or false evidence of guilt, or that conceals, distorts or undercuts true evidence of innocence. The Report organizes the myriad types of misconduct into five general categories, roughly in the chronological order of a criminal case, from initial investigation to conviction: Witness Tampering; Misconduct in Interrogations of Suspects; Fabricating Evidence; Concealing Exculpatory Evidence; Misconduct at Trial.Official misconduct contributed to the false convictions of 54% of defendants who were later exonerated. In general, the rate of misconduct is higher in more severe crimes. Concealing exculpatory evidence—the most common type of misconduct—occurred in 44% of exonerations. Black exonerees were slightly more likely than whites to have been victims of misconduct (57% to 52%), but this gap is much larger among exonerations for murder (78% to 64%)—especially those with death sentences (87% to 68%)—and for drug crimes (47% to 22%). Police officers committed misconduct in 35% of cases. They were responsible for most of the witness tampering, misconduct in interrogation, and fabricating evidence—and a great deal of concealing exculpatory evidence and perjury at trial. Prosecutors committed misconduct in 30% of the cases. Prosecutors were responsible for most of the concealing of exculpatory evidence and misconduct at trial, and a substantial amount of witness tampering. Forensic examiners committed misconduct in 3% of exonerations, and child welfare workers in 2%. Disciplinary actions against officials who committed misconduct were uncommon for all types of officials, and especially so for prosecutors.For most types of misconduct, we have insufficient data to date to identify changes over time. There is, however, strong evidence that a few kinds of misconduct have become less common in the past 20 years: violence and other misconduct in interrogations; abusive questioning of children in child sex abuse cases; and fraud in presenting forensic evidence. On the other hand, the number of federal white-collar exonerations with misconduct by prosecutors has been increasing.We conclude that the main causes of misconduct that contributed to the false convictions of these exonerated defendants were pervasive practices that permit or reward bad behavior, lack of resources to conduct high quality investigations and prosecutions, and ineffective leadership by those in command. We discuss a range of possible remedies, from specific new rules governing investigations to changes in the work culture of law enforcement officers in particular agencies, in counties and states across the country, and in the nation as a whole.
DA  - 2020/09/01/
PY  - 2020
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - National Registration of Exonerations
SN  - ID 3698845
UR  - https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Government_Misconduct_and_Convicting_the_Innocent.pdf
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:06:18
KW  - police misconduct
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - criminal investigations
KW  - exonerations
KW  - criminal convictions
KW  - forensic evidence
KW  - official misconduct
KW  - Prosecutorial misconduct
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Brief Reply to Professor Cassell Experts, Inference and Innocence: A Symposium in Honor of the Work of D. Michael Risinger: Part Two
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
T2  - Seton Hall Law Review
DA  - 2017///2018
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
SP  - 1493
EP  - 1514
J2  - Seton Hall L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - A Brief Reply to Professor Cassell Experts, Inference and Innocence
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/shlr48&i=1522
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:10:20
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Different Strokes for Different Folks: Fixing the Error Pattern in Criminal Prosecutions by Empiricizing the Rules of Criminal Law and Taking False Acquittals and Serial Offenders Seriously
AU  - Laudan, Larry
T2  - Seton Hall Law Review
AB  - Experts, Inference and Innocence: A Symposium in Honor of the Work of D. Michael Risinger: Part Two
DA  - 2017///2018
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
SP  - 1243
EP  - 1254
J2  - Seton Hall L. Rev.
LA  - eng
ST  - Different Strokes for Different Folks
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/shlr48&i=1271
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:20:36
N1  - <p>We need to remember that if, as most of us probably believe, the false<br />conviction rate under BARD is about 3%, that tells us that the ratio of truly<br />guilty defendants to truly innocent defendants who fall in the 90%+ range is<br />about 32-to-1. As one imagines reducing the standard of proof by moving it<br />a tad to the left, then there will be a significant range of truly guilty<br />defendants (indeed, far more guilty persons than innocent ones) being<br />convicted if their apparent guilt falls somewhere between (say) 75% and<br />90%. Nowadays, everyone falling in that range is acquitted, even though<br />most of them are factually guilty, given their obvious likelihood of<br />culpability. So, I believe, and have substantial data to support, the hypothesis<br />that BARD is producing a vast number of false acquittals.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Postconviction Mentality: Prosecutorial Assistance in Exoneration Cases.
AU  - Webster, Elizabeth
T2  - JQ: Justice Quarterly
AB  - Prosecutors' broad discretionary power has long been of interest to scholars, yet little is known about discretionary choices after conviction. This study addresses the gap by exploring prosecutors' willingness to assist with exonerations. Using data from the National Registry of Exonerations (N = 1,610), the author identifies factors that influence prosecutorial assistance. Results from generalized ordered logistic regression models demonstrate that avoiding uncertainty and maintaining workgroup relationships drives decision-making. Findings indicate that prosecutors are less likely to support exonerations involving law enforcement or forensic misconduct, violent offenses, and inadequate legal defense and more likely to support exonerations involving innocence organizations, guilty pleas, and black and Hispanic defendants. These findings suggest that prosecutors' interest in protecting professional reputations, maintaining relationships, and optimizing efficiency influences discretion in the postconviction stage just as in earlier stages of case processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/03//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 323
EP  - 349
J2  - JQ: Justice Quarterly
SN  - 07418825
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=136607693&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 136607693; Webster, Elizabeth; Email Address: liz.webster@rutgers.edu; Source Info: Mar2019, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p323; Subject Term: PROSECUTORS; Subject Term: SCHOLARS; Subject Term: EXONERATION; Subject Term: POSTCONVICTION remedies; Subject Term: LAW enforcement; Author-Supplied Keyword: discretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: miscarriage of justice; Author-Supplied Keyword: misconduct; Author-Supplied Keyword: prosecutors; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11105</p>
KW  - PROSECUTORS
KW  - POSTCONVICTION remedies
KW  - LAW enforcement
KW  - miscarriage of justice
KW  - misconduct
KW  - SCHOLARS
KW  - discretion
KW  - prosecutors
KW  - EXONERATION
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond Police Compliance With Electronic Recording of Interrogation Legislation: Toward Error Reduction.
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Rubino, Laura L.
AU  - Smith, Brad
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
AB  - Video recording police interrogations is a widespread reform designed to reduce false confessions. An exploratory survey of Michigan police departments following the adoption of a video recording law indicates that the policy is uniformly followed. A significant number of agencies go beyond the law's requirements by video recording in the investigation of all crimes and not only major felonies. Most recording captures both the interrogator and suspect. Prior to passage, half of the agencies supported the law and half were neutral. The law stimulated a quarter of the agencies to video record interrogations. A literature review and policy analysis suggests that video recording is a necessary but not a sufficient reform to reduce false confessions and wrongful convictions. Progress toward less confrontational investigative interviewing, used in several European countries and gaining a foothold in the United States, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019/05//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SP  - 627
EP  - 655
J2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
SN  - 08874034
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=135841450&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 135841450; Zalman, Marvin 1; Email Address: aa1887@wayne.edu; Rubino, Laura L. 2; Smith, Brad 1; Affiliations: 1 : Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; 2 : University of Cincinnati, OH, USA;  Source Info: May2019, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p627; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: POLICE questioning; Subject Term: VIDEO recording; Subject Term: FALSE confession; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: false confessions; Author-Supplied Keyword: innocence policies; Author-Supplied Keyword: interrogation; Author-Supplied Keyword: video recording; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 12381</p>
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - FALSE confession
KW  - interrogation
KW  - LITERATURE reviews
KW  - video recording
KW  - POLICE questioning
KW  - false confessions
KW  - innocence policies
KW  - VIDEO recording
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Convicting with confidence? Why we should not over-rely on eyewitness confidence.
AU  - Berkowitz, Shari R
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L
AU  - Fenn, Kimberly M
AU  - Loftus, Elizabeth F
T2  - Memory (Hove, England)
AB  - Eyewitness memory researchers have recently devoted considerable attention to eyewitness confidence. While there is strong consensus that courtroom confidence is problematic, we now recognise that an eyewitness's initial confidence in their first identification - in certain contexts - can be of value. A few psychological scientists, however, have confidently, but erroneously claimed that in real-world cases, eyewitness initial confidence is the most important indicator of eyewitness accuracy, trumping all other factors that might exist in a case. This claim accompanies an exaggeration of the role of eyewitnesses' "initial confidence" in the DNA exoneration cases. Still worse, overstated claims about the confidence-accuracy relationship, and eyewitness memory, have reached our top scientific journals, news articles, and criminal cases. To set the record straight, we review what we actually know and do not know about the "initial confidence" of eyewitnesses in the DNA exoneration cases. Further reasons for skepticism about the value of the confidence-accuracy relationship in real-world cases come from new analyses of a separate database, the National Registry of Exonerations. Finally, we review new research that reveals numerous conditions wherein eyewitnesses with high initial confidence end up being wrong.
DA  - 2020/11/23/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1080/09658211.2020.1849308
DP  - EBSCOhost
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
J2  - Memory (Hove, England)
SN  - 1464-0686
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=33228497&site=ehost-live
AN  - 33228497
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 33228497. Language: English. Date Revised: 20210212. Date Created: 20201124. Update Code: 20210218. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 9306862. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Memory. Linking ISSN: 09658211. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 23. Current Imprints: Publication: Sussex : Psychology Press; Original Imprints: Publication: Hove (UK) ; Hillsdale (USA) : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd., c1993-</p>
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - eyewitness identification
KW  - Confidence and accuracy
KW  - DNA exonerations
KW  - eyewitness memory
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving the effectiveness of the Henderson instruction safeguard against unreliable eyewitness identification.
AU  - Jones, Angela M.
AU  - Penrod, Steven
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - Eyewitness identifications made under poor witnessing or identification conditions have resulted in numerous wrongful convictions [National Registry of Exonerations. (2017). Retrieved January 28, 2017, fromhttp://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/ExonerationsContribFactorsByCrime.aspx]. These wrongful convictions have persuaded some courts to seek ways to improve admissibility standards concerning eyewitness identifications and jurors’ ability to discern the quality of identifications. New Jersey recently ruled that case-specific instructions must be presented to the jury to determine the reliability of an identification [New Jersey v. Henderson, 27 A.3d 872 (2011)]. Research suggests the original format of these instructions is ineffective [Dillon, M., Jones, A.M., Bergold, A.N., Hui, C., & Penrod, S. (2017). Examining the effectiveness of the Henderson eyewitness instructions.Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. doi:10.1080/15228932.2017.1235964; Jones, A.M., Bergold, A.S., Dillon, M., & Penrod, S. (2017). Sensitizing jurors to factors influencing the accuracy of eyewitness identification: Assessing the effectiveness of the Henderson instructions.Journal of Experimental Criminology. doi:10.1007/s11292-016-9279-6]. Other studies have found one form of eyewitness instructions sensitized jurors to problematic police procedures [Pawlenko, N. B., Safer, M. A., Wise, R. A., & Holfeld, B. (2013). A teaching aid for improving jurors’ assessment of eyewitness accuracy.Applied Cognitive Psychology,27, 190–197], but no studies have found sensitivity to poor witnessing conditions. Therefore, the current study sought to modifyHendersoninstructions to improve sensitivity to variations in estimator variables. Jury-eligible community members read a trial transcript and rendered a verdict. Results indicated modifiedHendersoninstructions increased sensitivity to estimator variables above and beyond a no-eyewitness-instruction control condition, while originalHendersoninstructions did not affect jurors’ decision making. Mounting evidence suggests originalHendersoninstructions are ineffective and may serve to induce confusion among jurors. However, more research is needed before courts consider this revised instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2018/02//
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
SP  - 177
EP  - 193
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068316X
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=126991656&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 126991656; Jones, Angela M. 1; Email Address: a_j194@txstate.edu; Penrod, Steven 2; Affiliations: 1 : School of Criminal Justice, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA; 2 : John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA;  Source Info: Feb2018, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: RELIABILITY of eyewitness identification; Subject Term: ADMISSIBLE evidence; Subject Term: TRIAL transcripts; Subject Term: JURY instructions; Subject Term: JURORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2011; Author-Supplied Keyword: eyewitness identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Judicial instructions; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Jersey v. Henderson; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Jersey v. Henderson; Author-Supplied Keyword: safeguard; Author-Supplied Keyword: wrongful convictions; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8502</p>
KW  - ADMISSIBLE evidence
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - eyewitness identification
KW  - JURY instructions
KW  - JURORS
KW  - RELIABILITY of eyewitness identification
KW  - 2011
KW  - Judicial instructions
KW  - New Jersey v. Henderson
KW  - safeguard
KW  - TRIAL transcripts
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WHY PROSECUTORS SHOULD REVISIT THEIR WINS.
AU  - CIARAMELLA, C. J.
T2  - Reason
AB  - The article offers information related to a Conviction Review Unit (CRU), sometimes called a Conviction Integrity Unit, in the U.S. aimed to conducts extrajudicial, fact-based review of secured convictions to investigate plausible allegations of actual innocence . It reports that these units operate within prosecutors' offices to investigate old cases for errors or misconduct that may have led to a wrongful conviction.
DA  - 2019/10//
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
SP  - 10
EP  - 11
J2  - Reason
SN  - 00486906
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=138137159&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 138137159; CIARAMELLA, C. J.; Source Info: Oct2019, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p10; Subject Term: JUDGMENTS (Law); Subject Term: CRIMINAL procedure; Subject Term: CRIMINAL justice system; Subject Term: CRIMINAL courts; Subject Term: ACTUAL innocence; Subject Term: CRIMINAL liability of juristic persons; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 753</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL justice system
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CRIMINAL procedure
KW  - JUDGMENTS (Law)
KW  - CRIMINAL courts
KW  - ACTUAL innocence
KW  - CRIMINAL liability of juristic persons
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Tradeoffs Between Wrongful Convictions and Wrongful Acquittals: Understanding and Avoiding the Risks
AU  - Cassell, Paul G.
AB  - This article focuses on trade-offs that inhere in the criminal justice system, tradeoffs neatly encapsulated in Blackstone’s famous ten-to-one ratio of guilty persons who should be allowed escape justice rather than an innocent suffer. Blackstone’s aphorism reminds us not only of the importance of ensuring that innocent persons are not convicted, but also that unbounded protections might unduly interfere with convicting the guilty. In my contribution to a symposium in honor of Professor Michael Risinger, I respond to thoughtful articles written by both Professors Laudan and Zalman and make two main points. First, in Part I, I turn to Professor Laudan’s policy proposal for reducing the number of wrongful acquittals – e.g., lowering the prosecution’s burden of proof at trial for previously-convicted felons to clear and convincing evidence. This proposal is unconstitutional under existing Supreme Court precedents, which interpret the Constitution to require the prosecutor to prove a defendant’s guilty by proof beyond a reasonable doubt. And in addition, Laudan has failed to demonstrate that his proposal is cost-beneficial because he has not persuasively articulated a way to weigh the costs of wrongful convictions against those of wrongful acquittals. But I offer a “friendly amendment” to Laudan’s idea. It should be possible to capture almost all of the benefits of his proposal by placing violent felons on extended periods of parole or supervised release – a condition of which would be that they not commit new crimes. Then, when a previously-convicted felon is arrested for a new crime, he could be tried for a parole violation rather than given a new trial. Supreme Court precedent allows parole violations to be tried under a lower burden of proof. Reconfigured in this way, there are strong reasons for thinking that the proposal might well be a cost-beneficial way of reducing wrongful acquittals. In Part II, I challenge Professor Zalman’s claim that he is truly writing from an innocentric perspective. Someone proceeding from this vantage should be willing to endorse a criminal justice reform measure if it meets three criteria: first and most important, it reduces wrongful convictions of the innocent; second, it does not reduce (and ideally would increase) the number of guilty persons convicted; and third, it should not significantly impair any other competing values. With these evaluative criteria in mind, Zalman appears to be a mere fair-weather friend of the innocent, as he does not appear to truly privilege innocence over other competing values. In contrast, my reform proposals (which Zalman is reluctant to endorse) reorient the criminal justice system away from adjudicating procedural issues and toward adjudicating substantive issues of guilt or innocence. The truly innocent will benefit in a system that values substance over procedure – and someone who truly holds an innocentric perspective should endorse reforms that move the criminal justice system in that direction.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3231058
ST  - Tradeoffs Between Wrongful Convictions and Wrongful Acquittals
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3231058
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:37:04
KW  - Wrongful Conviction
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Burden of Proof
KW  - Criminal Justice Reform
KW  - Wrongful Acquittal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Evidence Rules that Convict the Innocent
AU  - Bellin, Jeffrey
AB  - Over the past decades, DNA testing has uncovered hundreds of examples of the most important type of trial errors: innocent defendants convicted of serious crimes like rape and murder. The resulting Innocence Movement spurred reforms to police practices, forensic science, and criminal procedure. This Article explores the lessons of the Innocence Movement for American evidence law.Commentators often overlook the connection between the growing body of research on convictions of the innocent and the evidence rules. Of the commonly identified causes of false convictions, only flawed forensic testimony has received sustained attention as a matter of evidence law. But other important contributors, like mistaken identifications and unreliable confessions, also pass through evidence rules. These pathways to admission go unquestioned today, but are the result of long-forgotten policy choices that were once controversial precisely because they increase the likelihood of convicting the innocent.This Article highlights these, and other, overlooked implications of the Innocence Movement. It argues that the discovery and ongoing chronicle of hundreds of false convictions presents a unique opportunity to reevaluate American evidence law. This reevaluation could lead to innocence-protective changes to existing evidence rules, and a welcome infusion of energy into evidence policy-making and commentary.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2020/03/02/
PY  - 2020
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3547421
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3547421
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:39:22
KW  - Evidence
KW  - Innocence Movement
KW  - Wrongful Convictions
KW  - Coerced Confessions
KW  - Eyewitness Identifications
KW  - Informants
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Theorizing Failed Prosecutions
AU  - Gould, Jon B.
AU  - Smiegocki, Victoria M.
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
AB  - Over the last twenty years, the scholarly field of erroneous convictions has skyrocketed, with multiple articles and books exploring the failures that convict the innocent. However, there has been comparatively little attention to the other side of the coin, failed prosecutions, when the criminal justice system falls short in convicting the likely perpetrator. In this article, we take up failed prosecutions, simultaneously seeking to define its breadth and explain its relation to erroneous convictions. We explore potential hypotheses for the existence of failed prosecutions and then compare those theories to a set of failed prosecutions compiled from a moderately-sized district attorney’s office. With almost no prior research on failed prosecutions, these empirical data help to put meat on the theoretical bones of the concept. In the end, we argue that failed prosecutions and erroneous convictions may be seen as different sides of the same coin of miscarriages of justice. Not only do both reflect significant errors by the criminal justice system, but the sources behind each also appear to be surprisingly similar.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2021/02/01/
PY  - 2021
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3792518
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3792518
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:42:01
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - criminal procedure
KW  - criminal law
KW  - criminal justice
KW  - criminology
KW  - erroneous convictions
KW  - failed prosecutions
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Structural Police Deception in American Police Interrogation: A Closer Look at Minimization and Maximization
AU  - Leo, Richard A.
AB  - Deception is one of the most distinctive features of American police interrogations of criminal suspects. For example, false evidence ploys, a routine police interrogation technique, are designed to make the suspect believe — through intentional misrepresentations — that he has no choice but to confess because the police possess highly incriminating evidence against him. While scholars have written extensively about the use, effects, and morality of false evidence ploys, this chapter argues that police use of deception in interrogations should be understood in the broader context of the American adversary system. After a brief literature review, Part II of this chapter describes the structure of American police interrogations and argues that they are strategically manipulative and deceptive because they occur in the context of a fundamental contradiction. Police need incriminating statements and admissions to solve crimes; however, it is almost always against the suspect's self-interest to incriminate himself during an interrogation. American police interrogations are inherently deceptive because they are designed to obscure this adversarial nature. Regardless of the technique used, interrogations rely on making the suspect believe (falsely) that confessing is actually in his self-interest.Part III discusses the psychology of evidence ploys and different types of false evidence ploys that have been recognized by scholars as deceptive techniques. Part IV focuses on minimization and maximization interrogation techniques (implying that a suspect will receive more lenient treatment if she confesses and harsher treatment if she does not) and reframes them as not only psychologically coercive, but as deceptive interrogation techniques integral to the psychology and structure of modern American police interrogation. This chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of using this broader conceptual framework to understand police deception during interrogation.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3584817
ST  - Structural Police Deception in American Police Interrogation
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3584817
Y2  - 2021/03/04/17:54:27
KW  - Law Enforcement
KW  - False Confessions
KW  - False Evidence Ploys
KW  - Interrogation Techniques
KW  - Minimization and Maximization
KW  - Police Deception
KW  - Police Interrogations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Federal Role in the Innocence Movement in America
AU  - Findley, Keith A.
T2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
AB  - Despite its small contribution to the ranks of the exonerated, and more broadly its relatively small share of all criminal cases, the federal government has played a distinct and important role in fostering and shaping the innocence movement. This article recounts the various ways in which the federal government has done so: through high-profile measures to recognize the reality of wrongful convictions, direct funding of innocence work, use of federal purse strings to shape criminal justice policy, setting an example through legislation on matters as diverse as access to postconviction DNA testing and compensating the wrongly convicted, and leadership on issues such as the problems with the forensic sciences. The article concludes that, moving forward, the committed involvement of the federal government will remain important, especially in tackling such challenging problems as flawed forensic sciences and ensuring financial resources for innocence advocates.
DA  - 2017/02/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673009
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 81
J2  - Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 1043-9862
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986216673009
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:18:09
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The New Pioneers of Conviction Integrity
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - Conviction Integrity Unit prosecutors would probably say they are just “trying to do justice.”  In fact, they are pioneers in mobilizing a modernized understanding of how things go wrong in criminal justice, writes TCR’s Legal Affairs columnist.
DA  - 2021/03/04/T15:50:27+00:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2021/03/04/the-new-pioneers-of-conviction-integrity/
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:21:38
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The National Registry of Exonerations - Exoneration Registry
UR  - http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/about.aspx
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:22:08
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - National Registry of Exonerations: in 2018
AU  - National Registry of Exonerations
CY  - Newkirk Center for Science & Society at the University of California Irvine University of Michigan Law School & Michigan State University College of Law
DA  - 2019/04/09/
PY  - 2019
SP  - 23
UR  - https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Exonerations%20in%202018.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Addressing Official Misconduct : Increasing Accountability in Reducing Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Drummond, Clayton B.
AU  - Mills, Mai Naito
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/12/21/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr34
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
SP  - 270
EP  - 290
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Addressing Official Misconduct
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/34
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:28:48
KW  - miscarriages of justice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dead Wrong: Capital Punishment, Wrongful Convictions, and Serious Mental Illness
AU  - Carl, Alexis E.
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/12/21/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr16
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
SP  - 336
EP  - 363
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Dead Wrong
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/16
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:29:41
KW  - exoneration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identifying and Charging True Perpetrators in Cases of Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Weintraub, Jennifer
AU  - Bernstein, Kimberly
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/09/15/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr22
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 225
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/22
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:31:10
KW  - innocence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - “They open the door, kick you out, and say, ‘Go’" : Reentry Challenges After Wrongful Imprisonment
AU  - Shlosberg, Amy
AU  - Nowotny, Jordan
AU  - Panuccio, Elizabeth
AU  - Rajah, Valli
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/09/15/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr20
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
SP  - 226
EP  - 252
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - “They open the door, kick you out, and say, ‘Go’"
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/20
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:31:34
KW  - post-release
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Thirty Years of Innocence: Wrongful Convictions and Exonerations in the United States, 1989-2018
AU  - Norris, Robert
AU  - Acker, James
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine
AU  - Redlich, Allison
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/05/12/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr11
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 2
EP  - 58
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Thirty Years of Innocence
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/11
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:32:14
KW  - criminal justice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prosecutorial Involvement in Exoneration: An Exploratory Analysis
AU  - Bowman, Rachel
AU  - Gould, Jon
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/05/12/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr4
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 74
EP  - 100
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Prosecutorial Involvement in Exoneration
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/4
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:32:30
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - exoneration
KW  - discretion
KW  - prosecutors
KW  - post-conviction review
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unveiling Wrongful Convictions Between the U.S. and Italy: Cross-learning from Each Other’s Mistakes
AU  - Lupária, Luca
AU  - Greco, Chiara
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/05/12/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr12
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 101
EP  - 123
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Unveiling Wrongful Convictions Between the U.S. and Italy
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/12
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:32:48
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - plea bargaining
KW  - false confessions
KW  - jailhouse informants
KW  - comparative procedure
KW  - forensic error
KW  - innocence project
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dealing with DNA Evidence in the Courtroom: A Plain English Review of Current Issues with Identification, Mixture and Activity Level Evidence
AU  - Weathered, Lynne
AU  - Wright, Kirsty
AU  - Chaseling, Janet
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
DA  - 2020/05/12/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr9
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 59
EP  - 73
J2  - wclawr
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
ST  - Dealing with DNA Evidence in the Courtroom
UR  - http://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/9
Y2  - 2021/03/04/22:33:13
KW  - wrongful conviction
KW  - criminal justice
KW  - DNA evidence
KW  - DNA statistical evidence
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prison and Post-Release Experiences of Innocent Inmates
AU  - Jackson, Nicky Ali
AU  - Pate, Margaret
AU  - Campbell, Kathryn M.
T2  - JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA
DO  - 10.1080/10926771.2020.1866136
SN  - 1092-6771
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Psychological impact of being wrongfully accused of criminal offences: A systematic literature review
AU  - Brooks, Samantha K.
AU  - Greenberg, Neil
T2  - MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW
DA  - 2021/01//
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1177/0025802420949069
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
SP  - 44
EP  - 54
SN  - 0025-8024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - INNOCENCE IS NOT ENOUGH: THE PUBLIC LIFE OF DEATH ROW EXONERATIONS
AU  - Sarat, Austin
AU  - Morgan, Natalie
AU  - Grimes, Willa
AU  - Narcisse, Obed
AU  - Thomas, Jeremy
T2  - BRITISH JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LEGAL STUDIES
DA  - 2020/08//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.2478/bjals-2020-0016
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 209
EP  - 231
SN  - 2049-4092
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - False Admissions of Guilt Associated With Wrongful Convictions Undermine People's Perceptions of Exonerees
AU  - Scherr, Kyle C.
AU  - Normile, Christopher J.
AU  - Luna, Samantha
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AU  - Lawrence, Megan
AU  - Catlin, Mary
T2  - PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW
DA  - 2020/08//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1037/law0000238
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 233
EP  - 244
SN  - 1076-8971
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Active learning in criminal justice The benefits of student investigation of wrongful convictions in a higher education setting
AU  - Dealey, Jill
T2  - LEARNING AND TEACHING-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
DA  - 2020/06//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.3167/latiss.2020.130206
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 85
EP  - 101
SN  - 1755-2273
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L.
T2  - ANNUAL REVIEW OF CRIMINOLOGY, VOL 3
A2  - Petersilia, J and Sampson, RJ
T3  - Annual Review of Criminology
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 3
SP  - 245
EP  - 259
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Plea Bargaining and the Miscarriage of Justice
AU  - Beenstock, Michael
AU  - Guetzkow, Josh
AU  - Kamenetsky-Yadan, Shir
T2  - JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE CRIMINOLOGY
DO  - 10.1007/s10940-019-09441-w
SN  - 0748-4518
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Origin of Implication: How Do Innocent Individuals Enter the Criminal Justice System?
AU  - Lowrey-Kinberg, Belen
AU  - Senn, Samantha L.
AU  - Dunn, Katherine
AU  - Gould, Jon B.
AU  - Hail-Jares, Katie
T2  - CRIME & DELINQUENCY
DA  - 2019/12//
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1177/0011128718793618
VL  - 65
IS  - 14
SP  - 1949
EP  - 1975
SN  - 0011-1287
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do exonerees face employment discrimination similar to actual offenders?
AU  - Kukucka, Jeff
AU  - Applegarth, Heather K.
AU  - Mello, Abby L.
T2  - LEGAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
DA  - 2020/02//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1111/lcrp.12159
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 32
SN  - 1355-3259
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Long Road to Freedom: The Exoneration Pipeline in the United States, 1989?2015
AU  - Rafail, Patrick
AU  - Mahoney, Margaret
T2  - SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY
DA  - 2019/10/02/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1080/00380253.2018.1547175
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 537
EP  - 558
SN  - 0038-0253
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making a Biased Jury Decision: Using the Steven Avery Murder Case to Investigate Potential Influences in Jury Decision-Making
AU  - Rodriguez, Lourdes
AU  - Agtarap, Stephanie
AU  - Boals, Adriel
AU  - Kearns, Nathan T.
AU  - Bedford, Lee
T2  - PSYCHOLOGY OF POPULAR MEDIA CULTURE
DA  - 2019/10//
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1037/ppm0000192
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 436
SN  - 2160-4134
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The new detective Rethinking criminal investigations
AU  - Eck, John E.
AU  - Rossmo, D. Kim
T2  - CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY
DA  - 2019/08//
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1111/1745-9133.12450
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SP  - 601
EP  - 622
SN  - 1538-6473
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling the effects of crime type and evidence on judgments about guilt
AU  - Pearson, John M.
AU  - Law, Jonathan R.
AU  - Skene, Jesse A. G.
AU  - Beskind, Donald H.
AU  - Vidmar, Neil
AU  - Ball, David A.
AU  - Malekpour, Artemis
AU  - Carter, R. McKell
AU  - Skene, J. H. Pate
T2  - NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
DA  - 2018/11//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1038/s41562-018-0451-z
VL  - 2
IS  - 11
SP  - 856
EP  - 866
SN  - 2397-3374
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prosecutor Risk, Maturation, and Wrongful Conviction Practice
AU  - Levine, Kay L.
AU  - Wright, Ronald F.
T2  - LAW AND SOCIAL INQUIRY-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BAR FOUNDATION
DA  - 2017///SUM
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1111/lsi.12209
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
SP  - 648
EP  - 676
SN  - 0897-6546
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taking Stock of Innocence: Movements, Mountains, and Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Acker, James R.
T2  - JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CRIMINAL JUSTICE
DA  - 2017/02//
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/1043986216673008
VL  - 33
IS  - 1, SI
SP  - 8
EP  - 25
SN  - 1043-9862
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century
AU  - Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America
AB  - Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change.
CN  - NBK222274
CY  - Washington (DC)
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - PubMed
LA  - eng
PB  - National Academies Press (US)
SN  - 978-0-309-07280-9
ST  - Crossing the Quality Chasm
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222274/
Y2  - 2021/03/05/17:11:16
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25057539
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The link between suggestibility, compliance, and false confessions: A review using experimental and field studies
AU  - Otgaar, Henry
AU  - Schell-Leugers, Jennifer Maria
AU  - Howe, Mark L.
AU  - Vilar, Alejandra De La Fuente
AU  - Houben, Sanne T. L.
AU  - Merckelbach, Harald
T2  - APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
DO  - 10.1002/acp.3788
SN  - 0888-4080
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - I'll Confess to Be Included: Social Exclusion Predicts Likelihood of False Confession
AU  - Schrantz, Kathryn N.
AU  - Nesmith, Blake L.
AU  - Limke-McLean, Alicia
AU  - Vanhoy, Mickie
T2  - JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY
DO  - 10.1007/s11896-020-09414-x
SN  - 0882-0783
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FALSE CONFESSIONS AND TESTIMONIAL INJUSTICE
AU  - Lackey, Jennifer
T2  - JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY
DA  - 2020///WIN
PY  - 2020
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 68
SN  - 0091-4169
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do laypeople recognize youth as a risk factor for false confession? A test of the `common sense' hypothesis
AU  - Grove, Lauren J.
AU  - Kukucka, Jeff
T2  - PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
DO  - 10.1080/13218719.2020.1767717
SN  - 1321-8719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Can DNA Exonerations Tell Us about Racial Differences in Wrongful-Conviction Rates?
AU  - Bjerk, David
AU  - Helland, Eric
T2  - JOURNAL OF LAW & ECONOMICS
DA  - 2020/05/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1086/707080
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
SP  - 341
EP  - 366
SN  - 0022-2186
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - When Do False Accusations Lead to False Confessions? Preliminary Evidence for a Potentially Overlooked Alternative Explanation
AU  - Gubi-Kelm, Silvia
AU  - Grolig, Tuule
AU  - Strobel, Benjamin
AU  - Ohlig, Simon
AU  - Schmidt, Alexander F.
T2  - JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
DA  - 2020/03/14/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1080/24732850.2020.1714388
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SP  - 114
EP  - 133
SN  - 2473-2850
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The application of artificial intelligence in police interrogations: An analysis addressing the proposed effect AI has on racial and gender bias, cooperation, and false confessions
AU  - Noriega, Maria
T2  - FUTURES
DA  - 2020/03//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1016/j.futures.2019.102510
VL  - 117
SN  - 0016-3287
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Confessions Selected by Consequences: An Operant Analysis of False Confessions and Interrogation Techniques
AU  - Niland, Haven
AU  - Ortu, Daniele
T2  - BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES
DA  - 2020/11//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1007/s42822-019-00025-8
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 162
EP  - 194
SN  - 1064-9506
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - GOOD KIDS, BAD CITY A Story of Race and Wrongful Conviction in America
AU  - MacGillis, Alec
T2  - NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
DA  - 2019/03/10/
PY  - 2019
VL  - 124
IS  - 10
SP  - 1+
SN  - 0028-7806
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA evidence and miscarriages of justice
AU  - Gill, P.
T2  - FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
DA  - 2019/01//
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.003
VL  - 294
SP  - E1
EP  - E3
SN  - 0379-0738
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Convictions and the DNA Revolution: Twenty-Five Years of Freeing the Innocent
AU  - Morawetz, Thomas
T2  - JOURNAL OF LEGAL EDUCATION
DA  - 2018///WIN
PY  - 2018
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
SP  - 644
EP  - 651
SN  - 0022-2208
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The combined effects of questioning technique and interviewer manner on false confessions
AU  - Paton, Wendy
AU  - Bain, Stella A.
AU  - Gozna, Lynsey
AU  - Gilchrist, Elizabeth
AU  - Heim, Derek
AU  - Gardner, Euan
AU  - Cairns, David
AU  - McGranaghan, Paul
AU  - Fischer, Rico
T2  - JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND OFFENDER PROFILING
DA  - 2018/10//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1002/jip.1513
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 335
EP  - 349
SN  - 1544-4759
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Perpetually Stigmatized: False Confessions Prompt Underlying Mechanisms That Motivate Negative Perceptions of Exonerees
AU  - Scherr, Kyle C.
AU  - Normile, Christopher J.
AU  - Putney, Heidi
T2  - PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW
DA  - 2018/08//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1037/law0000163
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 341
EP  - 352
SN  - 1076-8971
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A true denial or a false confession? Assessing veracity of suspects' statements using MASAM and SVA
AU  - Wojciechowski, Bartosz Wojciech
AU  - Grans, Minna
AU  - Liden, Moa
T2  - PLOS ONE
DA  - 2018/06/01/
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0198211
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - THE INNOCENCE MOVEMENT AND MISDEMEANORS
AU  - Roberts, Jenny
T2  - BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW
DA  - 2018/05//
PY  - 2018
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
SP  - 779
EP  - 836
SN  - 0006-8047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bluffed by the Dealer: Distinguishing False Pleas From False Confessions
AU  - Wilford, Miko M.
AU  - Wells, Gary L.
T2  - PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW
DA  - 2018/05//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1037/law0000165
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
SP  - 158
EP  - 170
SN  - 1076-8971
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS, CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES, AND &ITNELSON&IT &ITV&IT. &ITCOLORADO&IT
AU  - Wells, Michael L.
T2  - FORDHAM LAW REVIEW
DA  - 2018/04//
PY  - 2018
VL  - 86
IS  - 5
SP  - 2199
EP  - 2221
SN  - 0015-704X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Revisiting the False Confession Problem
AU  - Alvarez-Toro, Viviana
AU  - Lopez-Morales, Cesar A.
T2  - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW
DA  - 2018/03/01/
PY  - 2018
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
EP  - 44
SN  - 1093-6793
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Juror perceptions of false confessions versus witness recantations
AU  - Bernhard, Paula A.
AU  - Miller, Rowland S.
T2  - PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1080/13218719.2018.1463874
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
SP  - 539
EP  - 549
SN  - 1321-8719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Judicial Admission of Faulty Scientific Expert Evidence Informing Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Derwin, Alexandra
T2  - WESTERN JOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SN  - 1927-9132
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unmaking a murderer: behaviour sequence analysis of false confessions
AU  - Keatley, David A.
AU  - Marono, Abbie
AU  - Clarke, David D.
T2  - PSYCHIATRY PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1080/13218719.2018.1463875
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 425
EP  - 436
SN  - 1321-8719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The prevalence of false confessions in experimental laboratory simulations: A meta-analysis
AU  - Stewart, Joshua M.
AU  - Woody, William Douglas
AU  - Pulos, Steven
T2  - BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW
DA  - 2018/02//JAN
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1002/bsl.2327
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 12
EP  - 31
SN  - 0735-3936
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preventing miscarriages of justice: A review of forensic firearm identification
AU  - Bolton-King, Rachel S.
T2  - SCIENCE & JUSTICE
DA  - 2018/01//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1016/j.scijus.2017.10.002
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
SP  - 83
SN  - 1355-0306
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Just Science Podcast: Just the Innocence Project
AU  - Chu, Sarah
AB  - 2016-MU-BX-K110. 
https://forensiccoe.org/improving-e4/, , https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/just-science/id1227065741?mt=2, , https://play.google.com/music/m/I5yzwz6iphz4yydhhftysfuq4u4?t=Just_Science
This episode four of the Improving the System season of the National Institute of Justice’s (NIJ’s) Just Science podcast series is an interview with Sarah Chu, Senior Adviser on Forensic Science Policy at the Innocence Project, who discusses the Project’s efforts to end wrongful conviction. Background information for the interview notes that there are currently 2,500 cases on the National Registry of Exonerations. Organizations such as the Innocence Project are committed to putting an end to wrongful convictions. They rely on people familiar with both policy and forensic science, such as Sarah Chu. After reviewing Sarah Chu’s educational and professional background, the interview focuses on her role as a forensic scientist in critically reviewing potentially wrongful convictions that involve an analysis of various legal and scientific factors that may have produced a wrongful conviction. Sarah Chu’s role is to determine whether various factors related to evidence based on forensic science were accurate and reliable in a particular case. The interview also focuses on how lessons learned from wrongful convictions can contribute to reforms that improve quality control and the development of standards for how forensic analyses are conducted and presented in expert testimony.
DA  - 2020/02/01/
PY  - 2020
SP  - 1
LA  - English
UR  - https://forensiccoe.org/improving-e4/
AN  - 853465284; 254537
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://forensiccoe.org/improving-e4/%20https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/just-science/id1227065741?mt=2%20https://play.google.com/music/m/I5yzwz6iphz4yydhhftysfuq4u4?t=Just_Science
N1  - <p>Availability - Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE), 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-09-02</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-09-02</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - Quality control (04662)
KW  - Forensic sciences (08468)
KW  - NIJ Resources (60292)
KW  - Multidisciplinary Investigative Team (92008)
KW  - Evidence-Based Practices (60166)
KW  - Interdisciplinary analysis (09084)
KW  - Probabilistic evidence (10156)
KW  - Wrongful conviction (10220)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Case Deconstruction of Criminal Investigative Failures
AU  - Rossmo, Kim
AU  - Pollock, Joycelyn
AB  - 2014-IJ-CX-0037. 
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/254340.pdf
This is the Final Summary Overview of the findings and methodology of a project that deconstructed the systemic nature of criminal investigative failures, i.e., unsolved crimes that should have been solved or crimes that were incorrectly “solved” (wrongful convictions). A number of wrongful convictions and other types of failures in criminal investigations were deconstructed to identify the major causal factors, their characteristics and interrelationships, and the systemic nature of the overall failure. Researchers initially identified 275 criminal investigative failures as possible study cases. Information on crime type, relevant dates, location, investigating agency, exoneration method (if applicable), information sources, and other relevant information was collected. Cases were scored on the basis of information availability and agreement level that the investigation was a failure. The average of these two scores was used for an overall case score. The top 50 cases were then selected for analysis. Each case was analyzed by two researchers, with at least one of them being an experienced major-crime investigator, The causes for investigative failure in each case were classified according to a scheme for error analysis adapted from Reason’s (1990) failure domains. These are personal issues, organizational problems, and situational features. Tools and methods from content and network analysis were used in assessing the information. The study identified 363 causes across the 50 cases, for an average of 7.3 factors per case. Most of the causal factors were categorized as personal (61 percent), followed by organizational (21 percent) and situational (18 percent). The results of this project provide an approach for analyzing systemic causation of flawed investigations under the sentinel events initiative. The study’s five main recommendations pertain to systemic awareness; cognitive “de-biasing;” organizational monitoring; evidence collection, evaluation, and analysis procedures; and risk recipes. 7 tables and 19 references
DA  - 2019/11/01/
PY  - 2019
SP  - 28
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/254340.pdf
AN  - 853465395; 254340
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/254340.pdf
N1  - <p>Availability - US Dept of Justice NIJ Pub, Washington, DC 20531</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - NIJ final report (11336)
KW  - Police reform (05027)
KW  - Police policies and procedures (08825)
KW  - National Institute of Justice (NIJ) (08432)
KW  - Wrongful conviction (10220)
KW  - Failure factors (04671)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Just Science: DNA: Just DNA and the Post-Conviction Dynamic
AU  - Asplen, Chris
AB  - https://forensiccoe.org/dna-e1/, , https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/just-science/id1227065741?mt=2, , https://play.google.com/music/m/I5yzwz6iphz4yydhhftysfuq4u4?t=Just_Science
This first episode of the DNA season in the National Institute of Justice’s (NIJ’s) Just Science podcast series is an interview with Chris Aspien, Executive Director of the National Criminal Justice Association, who discusses the evolution of DNA evidence, with a focus on the value of post-conviction DNA testing and the impact of DNA evidence on forensic investigations. Aspien reviews his involvement in and perceptions of the evolution of the role of DNA in criminal investigations and the postconviction identification of wrongful convictions. His distinctive perspective stems from his participation in the Reno Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence. Regarding the role of DNA in criminal investigations, he touts the United Kingdom’s giving top priority to the collection and analysis of DNA as the most important element in identifying suspects. On the other hand, Aspien views the United States as having viewed DNA evidence as a belated entry in an investigation to bolster evidence obtained in the initial parts of an investigation. He cites as an example the backlog of rape kits that have yet to be tested for DNA. Regarding the evolution of the postconviction use of DNA to exonerate persons wrongfully convicted, Aspien touts prosecutors’ support for the introduction of postconviction DNA to reverse wrongful convictions. He also argues for expanding the collection of DNA from more types of offenders and arrestees.
DA  - 2019/09/01/
PY  - 2019
SP  - 1
LA  - English
UR  - https://forensiccoe.org/dna-e1/
AN  - 853218110; 253587
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://forensiccoe.org/dna-e1/%20https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/just-science/id1227065741?mt=2%20https://play.google.com/music/m/I5yzwz6iphz4yydhhftysfuq4u4?t=Just_Science
N1  - <p>Availability - Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE), 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - NIJ grant-related documents (11343)
KW  - Forensic sciences (08468)
KW  - Investigative techniques (08478)
KW  - NIJ Resources (60292)
KW  - Wrongful conviction (10220)
KW  - DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) (60141)
KW  - DNA Typing (60142)
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Legal Optimism: Restoring Trust in the Criminal Justice System Through Procedural Justice, Positive Psychology and Just Culture Event Reviews
AU  - Hollway, John
AB  - https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1155&context=mapp_capstone, , https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/151/
This paper explains how principles of positive psychology and procedural justice can be applied in restoring public confidence and trust that the criminal justice system is committed to achieving justice. The paper defines errors in the administration of justice as “acts or omissions that contribute to an unintended or undesirable outcome.” Such errors include both sanctions imposed upon individuals who did not commit crimes, and the lack of sanctions imposed upon individuals who did commit crimes. This paper argues that the criminal justice system cannot function properly unless criminal justice agencies acknowledge and respond constructively to errors when they occur by taking action to prevent the recurrence of such errors. After critiquing various flawed procedures that have followed cases of injustice, JCERs (Just Culture Event Reviews) are advocated and explained. JCERs aim to identify the various factors that contribute to specific errors in criminal justice, so as to install corrections that prevent their recurrence by improving the ability of criminal justice professionals to do their jobs safely and effectively in the future. The intent is to improve engagement between and among criminal justice agencies and personnel and the communities they serve. A key feature of JCERs is the maximization of an atmosphere of psychological safety among event reviewers and participants. This is facilitated by avoiding blaming individuals whose actions and decisions may have contributed to injustice. Such an atmosphere increases collaboration among agencies that may be “adversarial” in their professional contexts and functions. JCERs seek to facilitate objective examinations that lead to improved policies and decisions, not to the identification and blaming of individuals and agencies that may have contributed to the system’s failure. 70 references
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
SP  - 83
LA  - English
UR  - https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/151/
AN  - 754084573; 252178
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1155&context=mapp_capstone%20https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/151/
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - Change management (05376)
KW  - Community relations (04549)
KW  - Criminal justice system reform (09007)
KW  - Wrongful conviction (10220)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Criminal Justice Can Learn From Its Bad Outcomes
AU  - Doyle, James
AU  - Starheim, Rianna P
AB  - http://www.governing.com/commentary/col-criminal-justice-sentinel-events-risk-mitigation.html
This article discusses the rationale for and the features of the U.S. Justice Department’s National Institute of Justice’s (NIJ’s) Sentinel Events Initiative (SEI). A “sentinel event” is a “significant negative outcome” in the criminal justice system, such as the conviction of a person who is later proven to be innocent of the conviction offense. The SEI involves mobilizing a system-oriented approach in a review process focused on the sentinel event. It supports the local development of a review process in which all actors, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, victims, advocates, and other relevant parties conduct a forward-looking review of a sentinel event for the purpose of identifying and countering system weaknesses that contributed to the sentinel event. In addressing factors that eliminate the need for future compensation and lawsuits, sentinel-event reviews can help mitigate the costs associated with these events and prevent them from recurring. The NIJ recently launched a $1.6 million national sentinel event demonstration project in partnership with the Bureau of Justice Assistance. This project will support state and local sentinel-event review panels across the country. It will assist jurisdictions in learning how to best examine system weaknesses and produce locally tailored solutions to mitigate risk and improve performance.
DA  - 2018/02/01/
PY  - 2018
SP  - 2
LA  - English
UR  - http://www.governing.com/commentary/col-criminal-justice-sentinel-events-risk-mitigation.html
AN  - 754084083; 251507
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - http://www.governing.com/commentary/col-criminal-justice-sentinel-events-risk-mitigation.html
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - Organization development (05432)
KW  - Change management (05376)
KW  - NIJ Resources (60292)
KW  - Criminal justice system reform (09007)
KW  - Wrongful conviction (10220)
KW  - Wrongful incarceration (09247)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lies behind Bars: An Analysis of the Problematic Reliance on Jailhouse Informant Testimony in the Criminal Justice System and a Texas-Sized Attempt to Address the Issue
AU  - Allen, Luke G
T2  - Wash. UL Rev.
AB  - The advent of DNA technology in the late 1980s led to a wave of exonerations in the United States, shedding light on major problems with the U.S. criminal justice system. Many of these wrongful convictions were traced back to criminal informants, colloquially referred to as “snitches,” who provided incriminating testimony in exchange for a sentence reduction, leniency, inmate privileges, or some other perk. The correlation between wrongful convictions and informant testimony is a cause for concern, especially in Texas, where more people have been executed and exonerated than anywhere else in the country. This Note analyzes the use of criminal informants with a particular focus on jailhouse informants—inmates that come forward with the “confessions” of fellow inmates. First, this Note discusses the broad use of criminal informants throughout history and the problems that have arisen therefrom. Second, it examines Nolley v. State, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals case that inspired legislative change in Texas. Third, this Note assesses Texas House Bill 34, which is Texas’s latest legislative effort to regulate the use of jailhouse informants. Finally, this Note proposes a solution to address the problem of unreliable jailhouse informant testimony that requires judges to serve a “gatekeeping role” through which they could filter out unreliable testimony before trial. As part of this solution, this Note recommends giving judges and defense attorneys access to a statewide database containing information on every jailhouse informant ever used so that they do not have to rely on the prosecution to produce that information. Though this solution will add to the workload of judges, it is necessary to prevent prosecutorial misconduct and ensure the integrity of the U.S. criminal justice system.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 98
SP  - 257
J2  - Wash. UL Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Innocence and the global death penalty
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L
T2  - Comparative Capital Punishment
AB  - All systems of capital punishment have been haunted by wrongful convictions and executions of the innocent. Whether it is a sophisticated DNA test proving innocence beyond all reasonable doubt, or a case in which the supposedly-murdered victim reappears very much alive and unharmed, errors have occurred in capital cases as long as there have been capital cases. The innocence movement and growing awareness of the causes and cures for wrongful convictions have, in the past few decades, sharpened the arguments against using the death penalty and encouraged death penalty proponents to try to narrow its use to cases with more accurate evidence. In turn, the errors brought to light in high-profile death penalty cases have encouraged broader efforts to reform criminal justice. As innocence-related litigation and research have gone global, more jurisdictions are considering the implications of wrongful convictions and executions. This Chapter describes emerging awareness and study of wrongful convictions in the United States and then in several other countries, including China, Taiwan and India. The Chapter then turns to research exploring the causes of those wrongful convictions and reforms that have flowed from that research.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
PB  - Edward Elgar Publishing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault: Stranger Rape, Acquaintance Rape, and Intra-Familial Child Sexual Assaults
AU  - Sorochinski, Marina
AB  - This article reviews the recently published book by M. B. Johnson—Wrongful conviction in sexual assault: Stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and intra-familial child sexual assaults. The focus of the book is on the unique combination of factors specifically within sexual crime investigation and legislation that lead to the overrepresentation of this type of crimes within wrongful convictions. The book presents a detailed analysis of social context, and historical backdrop specific to wrongful convictions in sexual crimes. It is a highly informative and well-written book.
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eyewitness Identification and Innocence
AU  - Park, Jee
T2  - Loy. L. Rev.
AB  - Wilbert Jones was exonerated on October 11, 2018. He was wrongfully imprisoned for forty-five years, ten months, and one day for a crime he did not commit. The only evidence against Mr. Jones was the testimony of a single eyewitness, and she made a mistake. A mistake that could have been prevented. A mistake that cost a young man his youth, and his dreams of having a family and doing meaningful work.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 64
SP  - 669
J2  - Loy. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Law and Science of Eyewitness Evidence
AU  - Garrett, Brandon L
AU  - Albright, Thomas
T2  - Available at SSRN
AB  - Eyewitness evidence, used in tens of thousands of criminal cases each year, crucially depends on eyewitness memory, which is quite fallible. The potential inaccuracy of eyewitness memory has been long demonstrated by examples of mis-identifications, including in cases of wrongful conviction. Eyewitness identification procedures, which are themselves experiments, lend themselves to scientific research as do few others in law. Today, decades of scientific research on visual perception and memory have identified key causes of error and methods for improving eyewitness performance. As a result, eyewitness evidence has become a testing ground for the use of science to inform the law. This Article examines how legal actors — state and federal courts, state lawmakers, and police agencies — have responded to this body of research. While U.S. Supreme Court rulings set a constitutional floor, we find that it largely does not inform eyewitness evidence law. State courts have increasingly incorporated eyewitness memory science, as we describe in a detailed fifty-state survey of rulings. Second, we explore how state lawmakers have done still more, in an analysis of twenty-four state statutes that regulate eyewitness identification procedure. Third, policing agencies have most eagerly embraced revised identification practices to take account of scientific research. We describe a sea change in police practice, including through model policy adopted in twenty-nine states. Based on these findings, we call into question top-down, stare-decisis-bound, and federal court-centric accounts that dominate constitutional criminal procedure. Further, we describe how research continues to progress; a new generation of research promises to further improve accuracy of eyewitness procedures. While constitutional criminal procedure is unlikely to change in the near future, we expect that local actors will harness research developments. We conclude by asking why, in the eyewitness area, criminal investigation and procedure have been so receptive to research. We suggest that rather than adopting a legal precedent-based system, police practices and statutes employ a scientific framework that can incorporate new discoveries. This account of dissemination and adoption of research points towards a dynamic framework for the use of science in the legal system.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
J2  - Available at SSRN
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - It's All in the DNA-How United States v. Hano Extends the Statute of Limitations for the Eleventh Circuit
AU  - Walker, Caroline
T2  - Mercer L. Rev.
AB  - It is likely that most professionals in all industries would agree that technology is rapidly
evolving, most considering that assertion as a major understatement and some struggling to
balance the variety of changes. In the legal realm, the DNA revolution has impacted both ...
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 71
SP  - 1191
J2  - Mercer L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Justifying Justice: Six Factors of Wrongful Convictions and Their Solutions
AU  - Duncan, Colby
T2  - Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
AB  - There have been over 300 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the history of the United States. While this number may initially seem significant, there is still an unfathomable population of wrongfully convicted prisoners who have yet to be considered for retrials. Unaddressed wrongful conviction cases highlight the unacceptable weaknesses in the U.S. justice system, weaknesses that include poor investigative tactics and the acceptance or allowance of inaccurate and unreliable evidence. This paper will dutifully analyze the causes that lead to wrongful convictions and amply discuss potential solutions, all of which includes eyewitness misidentification, improper forensics, false confessions, informants, government misconduct, and insufficient lawyering.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 6
J2  - Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
SN  - 2324-6561
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Applying the STAMP Safety Model to Prevent False Convictions Based on Eyewitness Misidentifications
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Alb. L. Rev.
AB  - In many criminal law systems, eyewitness identification of a suspect is sufficient to establish that they are the perpetrator of the crime in question, without any need for additional corroborating evidence. But this lofty legal status stands in contrast to the undisputed assertion in the professional literature that an erroneous eyewitness identification is far from rare, with many scholars holding it to be the most common cause of false convictions. On this background, this Article offers ways of reducing the rate of false convictions based on eyewitness misidentifications. The Article argues for the creation and application of a safety theory in the criminal justice system, specifically regarding eyewitness identifications. Therefore, after the Article connects between the modern theory of safety, which is well developed in other areas of our life, and the new theory of safety from false convictions; and after a deep discussion of one of the most serious hazards in criminal law--the hazard of false convictions based on eyewitness misidentifications--a specific safety model shall be developed, based on these discussions and on the innovative STAMP safety model. The substance of the suggested rules is based on both the psychological research and the legal literature. The high rate of false convictions is not an inevitable fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 83
SP  - 931
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3745708
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful Conviction and Exoneration
AU  - Idzikowski, Lisa
T2  - WIRES FOrensic Science
AB  - More than 2,600 exonerations have been documented in the United States since 1989. Forensic science—in the form of postconviction DNA testing—has played a critical role in the revelation that wrongful convictions are a problematic feature of criminal justice. Yet, forensic science is also among the many factors—including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, informants, and more—that are correlates of wrongful convictions. Forensic science contributes to erroneous convictions when analysts provide invalid testimony at trial or when such evidence fails to correct false crime theories. Moreover, while intentional forensic misconduct certainly exists, the effects of confirmation biases may present a greater threat to forensic analyses. The preceding mechanisms and reform efforts are discussed.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ethical Responsibilities of the Conviction Integrity Unit
AU  - Doyle, Gerald
T2  - S. Tex. L. Rev.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 60
SP  - 445
J2  - S. Tex. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is DNA Analysis the Key to Freeing the Wrongfully Convicted
AU  - Durdevic, Tijana V
T2  - Zbornik Radova
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 53
SP  - 719
J2  - Zbornik Radova
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Junk Science at Sentencing
AU  - Sinha, Maneka
T2  - George Washington Law Review
AB  - Junk science used in criminal trials has contributed to hundreds of wrongful convictions. But the problem is much worse than that. Junk science does not only harm criminal defendants who go to trial, but also the overwhelming majority of defendants--over ninety-five percent--who plead guilty, skip trial, and proceed straight to sentencing. Scientific, technical, and other specialized evidence ("STS evidence") is used regularly, and with increasing frequency, at sentencing. Despite this, Federal Rule of Evidence 702 and its state equivalents--which help filter unreliable STS evidence at trials--do not apply at the critical sentencing stage. In fact, at sentencing, no meaningful admissibility standard guards against junk science deciding punishment. Over ninety-five percent of defendants, therefore, do not get the basic protection against faulty STS evidence that trial defendants get. This may result in harsher sentences based on junk science that has been admitted and considered without any screening or vetting. This Article offers the first in-depth exploration of STS evidence at sentencing. It links two bodies of literature: the first analyzing the negative effects of junk science on the reliability of trials and the second arguing for extending procedural protections to sentencing. This Article builds upon these literatures by proposing an implementable mechanism for evaluating STS evidence at sentencing while retaining special protections for criminal defendants. The Article recommends that Federal Rule of Evidence 702 (or its state analog) apply at sentencing to determine the admissibility of STS evidence offered in support of harsher punishment, but not to such evidence offered by defendants as mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An exoneree’s interrogation nightmare
AU  - Ochoa, Christopher
T2  - The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)
AB  - I was charged and convicted for a murder I did not commit on May 5,
1989, but my nightmare began six months earlier on November 11, 1988.
That day was a Friday, and it was the day that two detectives from the Austin Police Department—a female Hispanic detective and a male Caucasian detective named Bruce Boardman—walked into the Pizza Hut where I was working. They explained that they wanted to ask me some questions about a rape, murder, and robbery that had occurred at a different Pizza Hut on Reinli Street nearly three weeks earlier.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
SP  - 9
EP  - 14
J2  - The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)
SN  - 0091-4169
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Good Kids, Bad City: A Story of Race and Wrongful Conviction in America
AU  - Swenson, Kyle
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
PB  - Picador
SN  - 1-250-12024-1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reliability and validity of forensic science evidence
AU  - Stern, Hal S
AU  - Cuellar, Maria
AU  - Kaye, David
T2  - Significance
AB  - The rules of evidence both authorize and limit testimony from scientific, medical and other experts. For example, Federal Rule of Evidence 702 allows experts to supply information or opinions to the jury only when “the testimony is ... the product of reliable principles and methods ... reliably applied ... to the facts of the case.” The law's use of the word “reliably” to connote probable factual accuracy is potentially confusing, since “reliability” has a distinct meaning in statistical science. The law is concerned with both “reliability” in the statistical sense and “validity” of forensic science methods. This article describes how scientists define and assess the reliability and validity of some commonly encountered types of forensic science evidence. Such assessments are necessary for courts to admit putatively scientific evidence as bona fide and legally “reliable” science.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 21
EP  - 24
J2  - Significance
SN  - 1740-9705
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reducing Unjust Convictions: Plea Bargaining, Trial, and Evidence Suppression/Disclosure
AU  - Daughety, Andrew F
AU  - Reinganum, Jennifer F
T2  - Disclosure (July 13, 2018)
AB  - We develop a dynamic model of the disposition of a criminal case, allowing for the potential discovery of exculpatory evidence by prosecutors (who choose whether to disclose this evidence) and by defendants, as the case proceeds from arrest through plea bargaining and (possibly) trial. We characterize equilibrium behavior by prosecutors and defendants, under three different disclosure regimes: (1) no disclosure is required; (2) disclosure is required before trial; and (3) disclosure is required from the point of arrest onward. A prosecutor who has (resp., has not) privately observed exculpatory evidence is called an “informed” (resp., “uninformed”) prosecutor. When no disclosure is required, an informed prosecutor makes a lower plea offer than one who is uninformed; no case is dropped voluntarily. When disclosure is required only prior to trial, then an informed prosecutor makes the same offer as an uninformed prosecutor, but an informed prosecutor will disclose and drop the case following a rejected plea offer. Finally, when the prosecutor is required to disclose prior to plea bargaining, then an informed prosecutor discloses and drops the case, whereas an uninformed prosecutor makes the same offer as in the no-disclosure regime, and never voluntarily drops the case. In all regimes, some innocent defendants accept the plea offer and others reject it (and similarly for guilty defendants). We find that both regimes requiring some disclosure, as compared with a no-disclosure regime, are (at least weakly) more likely to convict the guilty and less likely to convict the innocent (regardless of whether the prosecutor is informed or uninformed). However, the more-limited disclosure regime, as compared to the more-extensive regime, leads to a higher likelihood of conviction for innocent defendants facing an informed prosecutor, but a lower likelihood of conviction of innocent defendants facing an uninformed prosecutor and a lower likelihood of conviction of guilty defendants.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
J2  - Disclosure (July 13, 2018)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rightful Compensation for a Wrongful Conviction: In Defense of a Compensation Statute in the State of Wyoming
AU  - Heneage, Meridith J
T2  - Wyo. L. Rev.
AB  - Compensation varies amongst the states and at the federal level.53 Federally,
exonerees have received compensation through a statute since 1948, which
initially compensated exonerees up to $5,000 per year of incarceration.54 In 2004,
Congress passed the Justice for All Act with bipartisan support, compensating
exonerees $50,000 for every year spent in prison and $100,000 for every year
spent on death row.55 The Innocence Project also uses this federal scheme for its
recommendation for states; however, it has adjusted the amount for inflation with
a current recommendation of a fixed sum of $63,000 per year of incarceration.56
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 19
SP  - 305
J2  - Wyo. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful convictions and DNA exonerations: Understanding the role of forensic science
AU  - LaPorte, Gerald
T2  - National Institute Justice (NIJ) Journal
AB  - One of the greatest tragedies in the criminal justice system is the conviction of a person for a crime he or she did not commit. Erroneous convictions can have immeasurable consequences for exonerees, original crime victims, and families (see sidebar,“NIJ Listening ...
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 279
J2  - National Institute Justice (NIJ) Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Misconduct and Bad Practices in False Confessions: Interrogations in the Context of Exonerations
AU  - Stephens, Klara
T2  - NEULR
AB  - In November of 1988, a 74-year-old woman was shot and beaten to death in Rochester,
New York. Frank Sterling became a suspect and voluntarily went in for questioning multiple
times, supplying an alibi that his co-workers corroborated. The investigation languished until ...
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 11
SP  - 593
J2  - NEULR
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life After Exoneration: An Overview of Factors That Affect Exoneree Reintegration
AU  - Kirshenbaum, Jacqueline M
AU  - Cabell, Jean J
AU  - Moody, Sarah A
AU  - Yang, Yueran
T2  - Advances in Psychology and Law
AB  - Despite extensive research summarizing the causes of wrongful convictions, there is no summary of the literature on factors that influence exonerees’ reintegration into society. Given the growing number of exonerees, it is important to examine factors that influence their successful reintegration into society. This book chapter first discusses organizations and programs that assist exonerees. The chapter then discusses individual-level factors that can affect reintegration including factors that exist before the conviction (e.g., individual differences), factors that appear after the conviction (e.g., experience in prison, sentence length), and factors that occur after release (e.g., mental health, family support, and professional skills). The chapter then examines policies that affect reintegration (e.g., compensation laws, expungement laws, and employment and housing discrimination). The chapter also discusses community-level factors that affect reintegration such as stigma and discrimination against exonerees and community sentiment toward supporting exonerees (e.g., support for exoneree services and compensation). Lastly, the chapter closes with recommendations for future research and policy. Research discussed in the chapter is relevant for psychologists and lawyers involved in assisting the integration of exonerees, as well as legal actors who might influence the process (e.g., lawmakers who create compensation laws).
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
SP  - 179
EP  - 218
J2  - Advances in Psychology and Law
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How Forensic Science Is Transforming Criminal Justice
AU  - Convictions, Wrongful
AU  - Exonerations, DNA
AU  - Testify, Scientific Experts Can
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preliminary Review of the National Registry of Exonerations: Insights for Defense
AU  - Cooper, Caroline
T2  - Available at SSRN
AB  - While summary attention has been given to wrongful convictions in the U.S during the past several decades, the focus has been primarily on DNA analysis not available at the time of conviction. Little attention has been given to the prevalence of wrongful convictions resulting from deficiencies in the adjudication process itself which far exceed the impact of DNA analysis in accounting for wrongful convictions. In September 2020, the National Registry of Exonerations reported that over half of the over 2,600 wrongful convictions resulting in exonerations since 1989 listed on the Registry were the result of “official misconduct” of law enforcement and prosecutors, with at least 15% of these exonerations entailing guilty pleas defendants had entered and a substantial number of exonerations entailing situations in which a crime was never committed. Historically, wrongful convictions have been deemed reflective of lack of competent defense. However, the recent Registry findings call into question the basic integrity of the criminal justice process, with inadequate defense as one of the contributing factors noted in less than 20% of the exonerations and as the sole factor in less than 5%. Keeping in mind that the exonerations listed on the Registry reflect a very small slice of the numerous wrongful convictions reported over the years due to the strict definitional requirements for Registry listing , these findings warrant urgent attention by all involved with the criminal justice process – professionals and lay citizens alike. This article focuses on the implications of these findings for defense service providers since they are most immediately connected with defendants at risk. Will full adherence to public defense performance standards alone – even if they can be fully adhered to – guard against wrongful convictions? Or is it now time to bring in other partners in the criminal justice process, including law enforcement and prosecution, to take responsibility for reviewing the standards of practice and canons of ethics that apply to their respective disciplines, identify and promptly redress noncompliance, with sanctions for violators, and take responsibility to work collaboratively with the defense to ensure the causes of wrongful convictions are eliminated insofar as they relate to conduct of any agency involved in the criminal justice process?
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
J2  - Available at SSRN
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Informants v. Innocents: Informant Testimony and Its Contribution to Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Fessinger, Melanie B
AU  - Bornstein, Brian H
AU  - Neuschatz, Jeffrey S
AU  - DeLoach, Danielle
AU  - Hillgartner, Megan A
AU  - Wetmore, Stacy A
AU  - Douglass, Amy Bradfield
T2  - Cap. UL Rev.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 48
SP  - 149
J2  - Cap. UL Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Contemporary Perspectives on Wrongful Conviction: An Introduction to the 2018 Innocence Network Conference Scholarship Panel Articles
AU  - Hartung, Stephanie Roberts
AU  - Beety, Valena
T2  - NEULR
AB  - As the Innocence Movement enters its second quartercentury, exoneration numbers show
no signs of dwindling. To the contrary, in 2018, the National Registry of Exonerations
recorded 151 new exonerations. 1 The Registry's analysis of these exoneration cases ...
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
VL  - 11
SP  - 589
J2  - NEULR
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault: Stranger Rape, Acquaintance Rape, and Intra-familial Child Sexual Assaults
AU  - Johnson, Matthew Barry
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
PB  - Oxford University Press, USA
SN  - 0-19-065305-1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A commentary on Johnson et al.’s “Shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma: Wrongful conviction risks, mis-information effects, and psychological consultation”
AU  - Weiner, Monica
AU  - Groisberg, Shaina
AU  - Diah, Paulett
AU  - Mariano, Marybeth
AU  - Romalin, Jennifer
T2  - Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice
AB  - ABSTRACT Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) is a medical diagnosis which indicates that
accidents, diseases, or other medical conditions do not plausibly explain a child's injuries.
While psychologists may be involved in AHT cases, they do not generally evaluate children ...
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
J2  - Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice
SN  - 2473-2850
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Racial Disparities Among Exonerees Based on Wrongful Conviction Factors and Types of Crime
AU  - Goldstein, Alexandria
T2  - 2019 NCUR
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
J2  - 2019 NCUR
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Errors in Misdemeanor Adjudication
AU  - Gross, Samuel R
T2  - BUL Rev.
AB  - Millions of defendants are convicted of misdemeanors in the United States each year but almost none obtain exonerations, primarily because ordinarily exoneration is far too costly and time consuming to pursue for anything less than years of imprisonment. The National Registry of Exonerations lists all known exonerations in the United States since 1989 — 2,145 cases, as of the end of 2017; only 85 are misdemeanors, 4%. In all but one of these misdemeanor exonerations the defendants were convicted of crimes that never happened; by comparison, more than three-quarters of felony exonerees were convicted of actual crimes that other people committed. In almost 80% of the misdemeanor exonerations we know about, the defendants pled guilty, compared to 16% of felony exonerations. In fact, two thirds involved defendants who pled guilty to misdemeanor drug possession in a single jurisdiction — Harris County (Houston), Texas. They were exonerated because the local forensic crime lab tests seized “drugs” even after criminal cases are closed by guilty pleas, and it found that these defendants were carrying no illegal drugs. Routine post-plea testing of alleged drugs may be unique to Harris County. Judging from these cases, however, guilty pleas by innocent misdemeanor defendants are common. Of the minority of misdemeanor exonerations that did not involve guilty pleas to drug possession, most were assaults, usually on police officers. Most of the defendants were exonerated either because videos that proved their innocence came to light after conviction, or because the police officers who testified that they had been assaulted were themselves charged with perjury, violence or other misconduct. Nearly all the few misdemeanor exonerations we know about depended on fortuitous events that made the process cheap and simple — usually forensic tests that police conducted for their own purposes; sometimes previously unknown videos, or criminal investigations of police officers. Otherwise, it seems, innocent defendants convicted of misdemeanors are just out of luck.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 98
SP  - 999
J2  - BUL Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lethal leverage: false confessions, false pleas, and wrongful homicide convictions in death-eligible cases
AU  - Vick, Karcin
AU  - Cook, Kimberly J
AU  - Rogers, Meghan
T2  - Contemporary Justice Review
AB  - Substantial attention to wrongful convictions has been developing since the 1990s. This research examines known cases of exonerations and factors that contribute to known wrongful convictions. The issues explored include false confessions, false guilty pleas, and death jurisdiction that impact known wrongful homicide convictions. Literature shows that false confessions can affect relationships with defense attorneys, jury perceptions, other evidentiary analyses, and sentencing outcomes. This research measures the effect of death-eligibility on false confessions and guilty pleas and how those admissions of guilt affect the likelihood of receiving a death sentence. Using data from the National Registry of Exonerations, we estimate probabilities of false confessions, guilty pleas, and death sentences based on multiple predictor variables. Results reveal three major findings. First, African Americans accused of homicide in known wrongful conviction cases, where the homicide victims were mostly female, where false and misleading forensic evidence and official misconduct were present, are statistically most likely to have falsely confessed. Second, guilty pleas were mostly likely produced in death-eligible jurisdictions, net of control factors. And third, death sentences were most likely to have been imposed on male exonerees where the homicide victims were mostly female, where official misconduct was present, and who had falsely confessed.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
J2  - Contemporary Justice Review
SN  - 1028-2580
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Misdemeanor Machinery: The Hidden Heart of the American Criminal Justice System
AU  - Winer, Brandon A
AU  - Carlin, Hannah D
T2  - Boston University Law Review
AB  - Misdemeanor courts across the nation churn through millions of cases each year. Misdemeanors are understudied by scholars and underreported by the media. While these cases may be less significant than felonies in the eyes of the
public, they have far-reaching consequences in the lives of individual defendants. Collateral consequences often far outstrip criminal sanctions and
affect defendants’ housing, employment, education, and status in the United States. As Professor Malcolm M. Feeley aptly put it, “the process is the
punishment.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
SP  - 669
EP  - 671
J2  - Boston University Law Review
SN  - 0006-8047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful-Conviction Rates?
AU  - Helland, Eric
T2  - Journal of Law and Economics
AB  - We show that data on DNA exonerations can be informative about racial differences in
wrongful-conviction rates under some assumptions regarding the DNA-exoneration process.
We argue that, with respect to rape cases, the observed data and the plausibility of the ...
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
VL  - 63
J2  - Journal of Law and Economics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful convictions and forensic science
AU  - Bonventre, Catherine L.
T2  - WIREs Forensic Science
AB  - More than 2,600 exonerations have been documented in the United States since 1989. Forensic science—in the form of postconviction DNA testing—has played a critical role in the revelation that wrongful convictions are a problematic feature of criminal justice. Yet, forensic science is also among the many factors—including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, informants, and more—that are correlates of wrongful convictions. Forensic science contributes to erroneous convictions when analysts provide invalid testimony at trial or when such evidence fails to correct false crime theories. Moreover, while intentional forensic misconduct certainly exists, the effects of confirmation biases may present a greater threat to forensic analyses. The preceding mechanisms and reform efforts are discussed. This article is categorized under: Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
DA  - 2020/12//
PY  - 2020
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/wfs2.1406
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - n/a
IS  - n/a
SP  - e1406
LA  - en
SN  - 2573-9468
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wfs2.1406
Y2  - 2021/03/10/16:53:54
KW  - wrongful convictions
KW  - forensic science
KW  - misconduct
KW  - exonerations
KW  - confirmation bias
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Bargained Justice: The Rise of False Testimony for False Pleas
AU  - Pardieck, Andrew
AU  - Edkins, Vanessa
AU  - Dervan, Lucian E.
AB  - The authors conducted a multi-year psychological deception study in the United States, Japan, and South Korea to gain greater understanding of the phenomenon of false pleas of guilty by the innocent. The study also explored whether innocent participants would be willing to offer false testimony in return for the benefits of a plea bargain. Our data indicate that a significant number of individuals are not only willing to falsely plead guilty in return for a benefit, they are also willing to falsely testify against others in official proceedings to secure those advantages for themselves. This is the first time laboratory research has demonstrated the false plea phenomenon in different countries, cultures, and legal systems. It is also the first time laboratory research has documented the phenomenon of false testimony in return for the benefits of a plea bargain. The article also contains information regarding the history of plea bargaining in the United States, Japan, and South Korea, a discussion of the current debate about plea bargaining in each jurisdiction, and a brief review of potential paths forward to address plea bargaining's innocence problem.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2020/08/01/
PY  - 2020
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3768687
ST  - Bargained Justice
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3768687
Y2  - 2021/03/10/16:59:31
KW  - Innocence
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Criminal Procedure
KW  - Co-Defendant
KW  - False Plea
KW  - False Testimony
KW  - Innocent
KW  - International
KW  - Japan
KW  - Plea Bargain
KW  - Plea Bargaining
KW  - South Korea
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A FEW TIPS FOR A MORE SECURITY-CONSCIOUS LIFESTYLE.
AU  - Hudson, Judge Henry E.
AU  - Muffler, John
T2  - Judges' Journal
AB  - The article offers tips for lawyers and judges to prevent retribution against them. It suggests judges activating alarm or calling security during disruptive incidents in the court rooms. Topics discussed include being alert for any threatening communications and suspicious behaviour; views of Michael J. Rose, chief inspector of the U.S. Marshals Service, on the issue; restricting access to personal information of any public official in the courtroom.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
J2  - Judges' Journal
SN  - 00472972
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102859929&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 102859929; Hudson, Judge Henry E. Muffler, John; Source Info: Summer2014, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p24; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject Term: COURT personnel; Subject Term: PUBLIC officers; Subject Term: SECURITY systems; Subject Term: ETHICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561621 Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths); People: ROSE, Michael J.; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3409</p>
KW  - SECURITY systems
KW  - COURT personnel
KW  - COURTS
KW  - ETHICS
KW  - PUBLIC officers
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - ROSE, Michael J.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - ALL SECURE Preventing Attacks on Judges at Their Homes.
AU  - Muffler, John F.
T2  - Sheriff & Deputy
AB  - The article discusses the law enforcement inspection of a judge's home for areas of vulnerability in the U.S. that will give a judge a distinct advantage from potential assailant targets. It explains the three essential principles of layered security including to deter, detect, and delay. Also outlined are the concentric layer counter-measures including lighting, landscaping, and locks and doors, as well as windows and home intrusion detection systems.
DA  - 2016/02/01/Jan undefined
PY  - 2016
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
SP  - 30
EP  - 32
J2  - Sheriff & Deputy
SN  - 24713929
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=112750090&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 112750090; Muffler, John F. 1,2; Affiliations: 1 : chief, global protective operations, Kiernan Group Holdings; 2 : former administrator, National Center for Judicial Security, United States Marshals Service;  Source Info: Jan/Feb2016, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: HOME security measures; Subject Term: DEFENSE in depth (Computer security); Subject Term: INTRUSION detection systems (Computer security); Subject Term: HOUSE lighting; Subject Term: RESIDENTIAL landscape architecture; Subject Term: LAW enforcement -- United States; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - LAW enforcement -- United States
KW  - INTRUSION detection systems (Computer security)
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - DEFENSE in depth (Computer security)
KW  - HOME security measures
KW  - HOUSE lighting
KW  - RESIDENTIAL landscape architecture
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing safety and security challenges in state courts.
AU  - BARBERA, MARY ELLEN
AU  - BAXTER, JOSEPH
T2  - Judicature
DA  - 2020///Fall/Winter2020
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
SP  - 56
EP  - 57
J2  - Judicature
SN  - 00225800
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=147748319&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147748319; BARBERA, MARY ELLEN 1; BAXTER, JOSEPH 2; Affiliations: 1 : Chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals; 2 : State court administrator for the Supreme Court of Rhode Island;  Source Info: Fall/Winter2020, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p56; Subject Term: COURTHOUSE security measures; Subject Term: VIOLENCE prevention; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - VIOLENCE prevention
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - COURTHOUSE security measures
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effective Judicial Protection: some recent developments - moving to the essence.
AU  - Prechal, Sacha
T2  - Review of European Administrative Law
AB  - This article looks briefly into the evolution of the principle of effective judicial protection in EU law and into the relationship between the different manifestations of that principle, which is by now given expression in Article 47 CFR, Article 19 TEU and various provisions of secondary law. Next, it focusses on recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, which concern two central aspects of the principle of effective judicial protection: the compliance with court judgments and the independence of the judiciary. As far as the first topic is concerned, two rather extreme cases addressed the issue what should be done, as a matter of EU law, in situations where a public authority refuses to comply with a final judicial decision. Then the article continues by discussing the independence of the judiciary as a key rationale for the principle of effective protection. In particular, it summarizes the increasingly detailed requirements to be satisfied in order to protect the independence of judges and indicates how an alleged lack of independence should be assessed in a concrete case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2020/07//
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 175
EP  - 190
J2  - Review of European Administrative Law
SN  - 18747981
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=144764152&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 144764152; Prechal, Sacha 1; Affiliation:  1: Judge at the Court of Justice of the EU and honorary professor of European law at Utrecht University; Source Info: 2020, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p175; Subject Term: JUDGMENTS (Law); Subject Term: JUDICIAL independence; Subject Term: JUDGE-made law; Subject Term: PROCEDURAL justice; Subject Term: CONSTITUTIONALISM; Subject Term: JUDGES; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject Term: PATIENT refusal of treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PROCEDURAL justice
KW  - COURTS
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - JUDGMENTS (Law)
KW  - JUDGE-made law
KW  - CONSTITUTIONALISM
KW  - JUDICIAL independence
KW  - PATIENT refusal of treatment
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From the Judge's Point of View.
AU  - Barrett Jr., Jimmie H.
T2  - Sheriff
AB  - An interview with Judge Henry Hudson about court security in the U.S. is presented. Hudson shares his perspectives about courthouse/courtroom security in general. He reveals thoughts or concerns that come into his mind when hearing about acts of violence in courtrooms and courthouses. According to him, the passage of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 has improved security for judges and courthouses.
DA  - 2008/12/11/Nov undefined
PY  - 2008
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
SP  - 7
EP  - 9
J2  - Sheriff
SN  - 10708170
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=34880488&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 34880488; Barrett Jr., Jimmie H.; Email Address: jbarrett@arlingtonva.us; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p7; Subject Term: COURTHOUSE security measures; Subject Term: VIOLENCE; Subject Term: LEGISLATION; Subject Term: JUDGES; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Interview</p>
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - VIOLENCE
KW  - COURTS
KW  - LEGISLATION
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - COURTHOUSE security measures
KW  - HUDSON, Henry E., 1947-
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How to Assess and Stay Safe.
AU  - Muffler, John F.
T2  - Judges' Journal
AB  - The article offers ways for judges to stay aware and safe to reduce their risk and fears while working in an unsecured workplace. Topics discussed include enhacing of workplace safety and security; prevention courtroom violence; and rearranging furniture in the hearing room by Melissa G. Crowell, Deputy Director at California Office of Administrative Hearings for maintaining security.
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SP  - 32
EP  - 35
J2  - Judges' Journal
SN  - 00472972
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130107989&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 130107989; Muffler, John F.; Source Info: Spring2018, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p32; Subject Term: JUDGES; Subject Term: COURTHOUSE security measures; Subject Term: FURNITURE; Subject Term: VIOLENCE; Subject Term: WORK environment; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423210 Furniture Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 442110 Furniture Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 337123 Other wood household furniture manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 337122 Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2992</p>
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - VIOLENCE
KW  - WORK environment
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - COURTHOUSE security measures
KW  - FURNITURE
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - IN THE LINE OF FIRE: A TRIBUTE AND DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ASSASSINATIONS OF JUDGE JOHN H. WOOD JR., RICHARD J. DARONCO, AND ROBERT S. VANCE.
AU  - JONES, M. JACKSON
T2  - Creighton Law Review
AB  - The article discusses the work of American judges John H. Wood Junior, Richard J. Daronco, and Robert S. Vance. Topics discussed include facts underlying their assassinations; reasons why judges become targets of violence; consequences arising from the assassinations; and manner in which judges enter, conduct, and leave their courtrooms.
DA  - 2015/12//
PY  - 2015
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
J2  - Creighton Law Review
SN  - 00111155
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=112614040&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 112614040; JONES, M. JACKSON; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: JUDGES -- United States; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Crimes against; Subject Term: ASSASSINATION; People: WOOD, John H.; People: DARONCO, Richard J.; People: VANCE, Robert S., 1931-1989; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - ASSASSINATION
KW  - DARONCO, Richard J.
KW  - JUDGES -- Crimes against
KW  - JUDGES -- United States
KW  - VANCE, Robert S., 1931-1989
KW  - WOOD, John H.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Judges' Perspectives on Stress and Safety in the Courtroom: An Exploratory Study.
AU  - Flores, David M.
AU  - Miller, Monica K.
AU  - Chamberlain, Jared
AU  - Richardson, James T.
AU  - Bornstein, Brian H.
T2  - Court Review
AB  - The article offers information on research regarding the stress and safety of judges and jurors in the courtroom. It notes that the stress and safety concerns have the potential to affect judges' and jurors' performances including their fear of retribution. The study is designed to expand on previous research by asking questions concerning five related areas including how judges experience stress personally and their differences in judges' perception.
DA  - 2009/09//
PY  - 2009
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 76
EP  - 89
J2  - Court Review
SN  - 00110647
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=53269596&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 53269596; Flores, David M. 1; Email Address: dflores@unr.edu Miller, Monica K. 2 Chamberlain, Jared 3 Richardson, James T. 4 Bornstein, Brian H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies, University of Nevada, Reno  2: Associate Professor, University of Nevada, Reno  3: Assistant Professor, Argosy University, Phoenix  4: University of Nebraska-Lincoln  5: Director, Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies, University of Nevada, Reno; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p76; Subject Term: JURORS; Subject Term: JUDGES; Subject Term: WORK; Subject Term: STRESS management; Subject Term: JOB stress; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 7 Charts; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - STRESS management
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - JOB stress
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - JURORS
KW  - WORK
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Judging the Risks.
AU  - TILLMAN, ZOE
T2  - American Lawyer
AB  - The article reports on the security conditions provided to federal judges in the U.S. outside the courtroom. Topics discussed include examples of judges being assassinated in connection with their legal work, the challenges faced by the U.S. Marshals Service in keeping watch over judges outside the courthouse and the judicial security reforms passed by the U.S. Congress incorporated in the Court Security Improvement Act.
DA  - 2015/05//
PY  - 2015
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
SP  - L3
EP  - L5
J2  - American Lawyer
SN  - 01623397
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102443674&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 102443674; TILLMAN, ZOE; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 37 Issue 5, pL3; Subject Term: FEDERAL judges; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Subject Term: ASSASSINATION; Subject Term: CRIMES against court personnel; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Marshals Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - ASSASSINATION
KW  - CRIMES against court personnel
KW  - FEDERAL judges
KW  - UNITED States. Marshals Service
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Judicial Security.
AU  - Muffler, John F.
AU  - Brandlin, James R.
T2  - Judges' Journal
AB  - The article focuses on inappropriate communication and threats which are faced by judges and public safety officials and on the best practices to address these problems. It presents the four principles of a protective investigation in addition to the methodologies used by the U.S. Marshal in mitigating the threats and threatening behaviors. The author also provides suggestions on how the judges and other justice personnel ensure their safety.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
J2  - Judges' Journal
SN  - 00472972
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=60011547&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 60011547; Muffler, John F.; Email Address: john.muffler@usdoj.gov Brandlin, James R.; Email Address: jbrandlin@lasuperiorcourt.org; Source Info: Winter2011, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p24; Subject Term: THREATS; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Subject Term: PUBLIC officers; Subject Term: CRIMINAL investigation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Marshals Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922120 Police Protection; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CRIMINAL investigation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - THREATS
KW  - PUBLIC officers
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - UNITED States. Marshals Service
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modernizing security measures to protect federal judges and their families.
AU  - MCKEAGUE, DAVID
T2  - Judicature
DA  - 2020///Fall/Winter2020
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
SP  - 54
EP  - 55
J2  - Judicature
SN  - 00225800
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=147748318&site=ehost-live
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147748318; MCKEAGUE, DAVID 1; Affiliations: 1 : Senior judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit;  Source Info: Fall/Winter2020, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p54; Subject Term: FEDERAL judges; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - FEDERAL judges
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safeguarding courts and protecting judges.
AU  - Staff
T2  - Judicature
DA  - 2020///Fall/Winter2020
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
SP  - 38
EP  - 38
J2  - Judicature
SN  - 00225800
UR  - https://judicature.duke.edu/articles/judicial-security-safeguarding-courts-and-protecting-judges/
DB  - Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 147748313; Source Info: Fall/Winter2020, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p38; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Subject Term: JUDGES -- United States; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - JUDGES -- United States
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Judges Should Know About Court-Related Violence.
AU  - Weller, Judge Chuck
T2  - Judges' Journal
AB  - The author looks at the increase in the court-targeted violence in the U.S. as of July 2014. Topics discussed include costly technological and personnel-intensive court security measures; deaths of Georgia Superior Court Judge Rowland Barnes by an escaped prisoner in Atlanta; and interpersonal attacks on the judiciary.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
J2  - Judges' Journal
SN  - 00472972
UR  - http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=102859930&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 102859930; Weller, Judge Chuck; Source Info: Summer2014, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p28; Subject Term: JUDGES -- Security measures; Subject Term: COURTS; Subject Term: COURT personnel; Subject Term: PUBLIC officers; Subject Term: SECURITY systems; Subject Term: ETHICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922110 Courts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561621 Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths); People: BARNES, Rowland; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2872</p>
KW  - SECURITY systems
KW  - COURT personnel
KW  - COURTS
KW  - ETHICS
KW  - PUBLIC officers
KW  - JUDGES -- Security measures
KW  - BARNES, Rowland
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Vanquishing Zombie Theories of the Crime Decline
AU  - Roman, John
T2  - External Processing
AB  - https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/aEGhsv0ZTXg
DA  - 2021/03/15/
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://johnkroman.substack.com/p/vanquishing-zombie-theories-of-the
Y2  - 2021/03/17/14:38:44
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Do Traditional Lineups Undermine the Capacity for Eyewitness Memory to Rule Out Innocent Suspects?
AU  - Smith, Andrew
AU  - Ayala, Nydia
AB  - n their target article, Brewer and Doyle (2021) called on those with an interest in eyewitness identification to: (1) broadly consider alternative measurement models to that of the traditional eyewitness lineup, and (2) to specifically consider a ratings-based identification procedure that Brewer and his colleagues began developing more than a decade ago (Brewer et al., 2020; Brewer et al., 2012; Sauer et al., 2008; Sauer et al., 2012). We share Brewer and Doyle’s (2021) excitement for the ratings-based procedure, and we are similarly excited by other radical alternatives to traditional lineup procedures (e.g., Bruer & Price, 2017; Gepshtein et al., 2020; Price & Fitzgerald, 2016). But we believe their call to seriously consider the ratings-based procedure as an alternative to the traditional lineup is premature. There is wide agreement among those who study eyewitness identification that identification decisions should be accompanied by an expression of confidence (e.g., Wells et al., 1998; Wells et al., 2020). Yet, past comparisons of the ratings-based procedure to the traditional lineup have compared the results of the ratings-based procedure to only the categorical decisions from the traditional lineup. That is not the appropriate benchmark for testing whether the ratings-based procedure is superior to the traditional lineup. The question that needs to be addressed is whether the ratings-based procedure is superior to the total informational value of a witness’ identification decision plus confidence statement from the traditional lineup. That question has not yet been addressed.



https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/buQDKr8oHXs
DA  - 2021/02/28/
PY  - 2021
DP  - ResearchGate
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349682015_Do_Traditional_Lineups_Undermine_the_Capacity_for_Eyewitness_Memory_to_Rule_Out_Innocent_Suspects
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Op-Ed: Criminal Confessions, Forensic Bias
AU  - Melenik, Judy
T2  - MEDPAGE Today
AB  - The public defender was worried. "If I show you my client's confession, would you be able to tell me if what he is saying is correct?"

This is not an unusual request. Suspects frequently make damaging statements, whether they committed a crime or not. The police rely on videotaped interrogation and Miranda warnings to get confessions admitted as evidence at trial because of the simple, widely held, false belief that people don't confess to crimes against their own interest.


https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/sQrmdSt0le0
DA  - 2021/03/03/18:00:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - Op-Ed
UR  - https://www.medpagetoday.com/blogs/working-stiff/91462
Y2  - 2021/03/17/14:56:31
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rochester Officers Will Not Be Charged in Killing of Daniel Prude
AU  - Nir, Sarah Maslin
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Mr. Prude, a Black man who was having an apparent psychotic episode, died after police officers placed a mesh hood over his head and pinned him to the ground.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/vpNmSqzFseI
DA  - 2021/02/23/
PY  - 2021
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/23/nyregion/daniel-prude-rochester-police.html
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:00:17
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - New York State
KW  - Black Lives Matter Movement
KW  - Black People
KW  - James, Letitia
KW  - Prude, Daniel (d 2020)
KW  - Rochester (NY)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Who Deserves to Be Forgiven?
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
T2  - Boston Review
AB  - Forgiveness is a public good, but it is doled out unevenly. Justice demands we widen its reach beyond the select few.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/eC8tCLYvp6c
DA  - 2021/02/19/T15:29:13-05:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
M3  - Text
UR  - http://bostonreview.net/law-justice/joseph-margulies-who-deserves-be-forgiven
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:01:09
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - American Policing and the Danger Imperative
AU  - Sierra‐Arévalo, Michael
T2  - Law & Society Review
AB  - In spite of long-term declines in the violent victimization of U.S. police officers, the danger of police work continues to structure police socialization, culture, and behavior. Existing research, though attentive to police behavior and deviance that negatively affects the public, analytically ignores how the danger of policing engenders officer behavior that harms police themselves. Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews in three U.S. police departments, this article describes how police are informally and formally socialized into the danger imperative—a cultural frame that emphasizes violence and the need for officer safety—and its effect on officer behavior. As a result of perception mediated through the danger imperative, officers engage in policy-compliant and policy-deviant behaviors to protect themselves from violence. Unfortunately, policy-deviant behaviors such as unauthorized highspeed driving and not wearing a seatbelt, though justified in the name of safety, lead to catastrophic car accidents that injure and kill both police and members of the public. This article concludes with discussion of how seemingly mundane policy deviant behaviors are a reflection of assumptions within police culture that undergird police practices that damage public wellbeing and perpetuate boarder inequalities in U.S. policing.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/P4GZfdLhzLQ
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12526
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
SP  - 70
EP  - 103
LA  - en
SN  - 1540-5893
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lasr.12526
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:03:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Status Gains versus Status Losses: Loss Aversion and Deviance
AU  - Thomas, Kyle J.
AU  - Nguyen, Holly
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - The relationship between associating with (non)deviant peers and one’s own delinquent tendencies is often attributed to the motivation for positive reinforcement and status attainment. Guided by prospect theory and loss aversion, we assert that there is an alternative mechanism through which individuals conform to peer influence – to prevent loss of status for not conforming to the peer group. We surveyed over 1,200 college students at multiple universities across the United States and randomly provided them with hypothetical scenarios related to fighting, driving drunk, and using marijuana where the social consequences were framed as either gains or losses in status. Respondents reported a greater willingness to engage in both deviance and non-deviance when the social consequences were framed as status losses compared to status gains. Our findings are supportive of loss aversion and we advocate for further research that merges individual decision making and peer influence.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/ikr1lgkPIJE
DA  - 2020/12/16/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1080/07418825.2020.1856400
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 0
IS  - 0
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
SN  - 0741-8825
ST  - Status Gains versus Status Losses
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2020.1856400
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:30:09
KW  - peer influence
KW  - loss aversion
KW  - Prospect theory
KW  - status
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - (Mis)use of scientific measurements in forensic science
AU  - Dror, Itiel E.
AU  - Scurich, Nicholas
T2  - Forensic Science International: Synergy
AB  - Forensic science error rate studies have not given sufficient attention or weight to inconclusive evidence and inconclusive decisions. Inconclusive decisions can be correct decisions, but they can also be incorrect decisions. Errors can occur when inconclusive evidence is determined as an identification or exclusion, or conversely, when same- or different-source evidence is incorrectly determined as inconclusive. We present four common flaws in error rate studies: 1. Not including test items which are more prone to error; 2. Excluding inconclusive decisions from error rate calculations; 3. Counting inconclusive decisions as correct in error rate calculations; and 4. Examiners resorting to more inconclusive decisions during error rate studies than they do in casework. These flaws seriously undermine the credibility and accuracy of error rates reported in studies. To remedy these shortcomings, we present the problems and show the way forward by providing a corrected experimental design that quantifies error rates more accurately.
DA  - 2020/01/01/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.08.006
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 2
SP  - 333
EP  - 338
J2  - Forensic Science International: Synergy
LA  - en
SN  - 2589-871X
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X20300553
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:33:07
KW  - Forensic science
KW  - Daubert
KW  - Error rates
KW  - Expert decision making
KW  - Inconclusive decisions
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Fingerprint and Firearm Experts Are Using Misleading Math to Appear Infallible
AU  - Epstein, Daniel
T2  - Slate Magazine
AB  - Don’t believe forensic examiners’ claims about their accuracy.
DA  - 2020/12/17/T10:45:00.000Z
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/12/forensic-science-accuracy-firearm-fingerprint-comparisons.html
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:39:19
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The “Times Square Two” Fight to Clear Their Names | The
AU  - New Yorker Radio Hour
T2  - WNYC Studios
AB  - For decades, Eric Smokes and David Warren said they were innocent of the charges on which they were convicted. But, to be freed on parole, they had to take responsibility for the crime.
 https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/-3BcxnK6PZk
DA  - 2020/12/11/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/tnyradiohour/segments/times-square-two-fight-clear-their-names
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:48:24
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Death of Michael Marshall, an Independent Review
AU  - Office of the Independent Monitor
AB  - Denver, Colorado – (March 19, 2018) Today, the Office of the Independent Monitor (“OIM”) released a report entitled The Death of Michael Marshall, an Independent Review.  On November 11, 2015, Michael Marshall, a mentally ill man, was being held in the custody of the Denver Sheriff Department (“DSD”) on a $100 bond.  When Mr. Marshall attempted to enter a jail hallway without permission, deputies used force to restrain him while he intermittently struggled on the floor.  Mr. Marshall eventually lost consciousness and deputies tried to resuscitate him with CPR.  He died nine days later, and his cause of death was determined to be, among other things, positional asphyxia due to restraint by law enforcement.  Following the incident, an internal investigation was conducted by DSD’s Internal Affairs Bureau (“IAB”), which resulted in short suspensions being imposed on two deputies and a captain.  In 2017, the City and County of Denver (“City”) settled potential civil claims related to this incident with a $4.65 million payment to Mr. Marshall’s family, and an agreement to make certain policy and training changes in the DSD. 




ALso: https://www.denvergov.org/content/denvergov/en/office-of-the-independent-monitor/news/2018/the-death-of-michael-marshall--an-independent-review.html

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/L_o1oq4DqVI
DA  - 2018/03/19/
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.denvergov.org/content/dam/denvergov/Portals/374/documents/2018MarshallReport_OIM.pdf
Y2  - 2021/03/17/15:56:51
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - For people in mental health crisis, what comes after police response? | Crosscut
AU  - Kroman, David
T2  - CrossCut
AB  - Cops are only one part of a larger system that more often treats the symptoms than the cause.

https://groups.google.com/g/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c/2nKAWE2rkFQ
DA  - 2020/12/04/
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
ST  - For people in mental health crisis, what comes after police response?
UR  - https://crosscut.com/news/2020/12/people-mental-health-crisis-what-comes-after-police-response
Y2  - 2021/03/17/16:02:47
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Public Health Violence Prevention: Supporting Law Enforcement
AU  - Utah State University Heart Extension
AB  - The integrated biological-psychological-social model of health recognizes the complexity in the ways individuals are influenced by their situations, with violence as the unfortunate result of the wrong mix of circumstances. The public health approach to violence focuses on prevention as part of the solution.
DA  - 2021/04/22/
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - Public Health Violence Prevention
UR  - https://extension.usu.edu/heart/research/violence-prevention-supporting-law-enforcement
Y2  - 2021/04/19/14:22:01
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Systematic Case Review Strategies: An Application for Jail Population Reduction
AU  - Huebner, Beth M.
AU  - Lentz, Theodore S.
AU  - Gibson, Miranda
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - Jails are a critical part of the criminal justice system but, until recently, have been omitted from discussions of reform. The goal of the current study is to describe and evaluate a collaborative, problem-solving initiative designed to reduce the jail population in St. Louis County, Missouri. The initiative was implemented as part of a research-practitioner partnership and is designed around a case review model, deemed the Population Review Team (PRT) commonly used in epidemiological analysis and problem-solving policing models. The outcome analysis suggests that the implementation of the PRT was associated with a significant decline in the total jail population, the number of individuals held on non-violent felonies, and those held for over 100 days. The collaborative project provides one model for criminal justice systems reform and a tool for decarceration.
DA  - 2020/11/09/
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1080/07418825.2020.1819384
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
SP  - 1261
EP  - 1276
SN  - 0741-8825
ST  - Systematic Case Review Strategies
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2020.1819384
Y2  - 2021/05/05/20:40:30
KW  - Jail
KW  - pretrial release
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - policy reform
KW  - researcher-practitioner partnership
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improving police effectiveness in ensuring justice
AU  - Braga, Anthony A
AU  - MacDonald, John
T2  - CRIMINOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
SN  - 1538-6473
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1745-9133.12458
N1  - <p>cites Mending Justice</p>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The High Price of a New York City Cop
AU  - Robbins, Tom
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - One of the city’s star officers has cost taxpayers more than two and a half million dollars in police-misconduct settlements.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/266687bb-6cf2-4902-9059-f9351182a494n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/05/24/
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-high-price-of-a-new-york-city-cop
Y2  - 2021/05/26/16:36:43
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Power of Parsimony
AU  - Atkinson, Daryl
AU  - Travis, Jeremy
DA  - 2020/05//
PY  - 2020
M3  - EXECUTIVE SESSION ON THE FUTURE OF JUSTICE POLICYEXECUTIVE SESSION ON THE FUTURE OF JUSTICE POLICY
PB  - The Square One Project
UR  - https://squareonejustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/CJLJ8747-Square-One-Parsimony-Report-WEB-210524.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Op-Ed: Can We Stop Shooting the Mentally Ill?
AU  - Sarteschi, Christine M.
T2  - MedPage Today
AB  - Let's start by improving access to treatment and using alternative models of crisis intervention

The recently passed American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 appropriated Medicaid funding for states to provide community-based mobile crisis services to individuals experiencing mental health or substance abuse disorders. The provision, introduced by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), seeks to expand the Crisis Assistance Helping Out on the Streets (CAHOOTS) model across the country. CAHOOTS provides crisis intervention in parts of Oregon and has been doing so for 30 years. The program utilizes medics and crisis workers instead of police for non-violent and non-crime related emergency mental health calls. CAHOOTS works primarily because they "have a network of other resources in our community to rely on." Without this network of resources, it is not clear whether the program could work elsewhere.

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/d3d75eb5-701b-431e-ab83-0b3ce4923d6cn%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/05/29/12:00:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - Op-Ed
UR  - https://www.medpagetoday.com/psychiatry/generalpsychiatry/92843
Y2  - 2021/06/01/16:43:06
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The second victim requires more than Medice Cura Te Ipsum
AU  - Koyle, Martin A.
AU  - Chua, Michael E.
AU  - Kherani, Tamizan
AU  - Pereira, Nichole
AU  - Heiss, Kurt
T2  - Canadian Urological Association Journal
AB  - Burnout has attained epidemic proportions in all reaches of society. Only recently, has its impact in healthcare become a burning platform. Second victim syndrome, a consequence of an unforeseen adverse event, often precipitated by an error, can lead to a post-traumatic stress-like reaction, that is unique to healthcare workers. Often, the second victim suffers in silence, forced to rely on resilience. Peer support has been demonstrated to be beneficial in assisting healthcare workers in recovering from both burnout and second victim syndrome. Institutions and organizations must be more influential and responsive in supporting physicians and other healthcare workers in need.

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/27496291-ced6-49a3-863a-0bd056ba0f71n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/06/01/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.5489/cuaj.7229
DP  - cuaj.ca
VL  - 15
IS  - 6S1
SP  - S40
EP  - 2
LA  - en
SN  - 1920-1214
UR  - https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/7229
Y2  - 2021/06/01/16:48:58
KW  - second victim syndrome
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Pathology Oversight Failures at the Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks in Fayetteville, Arkansas
AU  - Office of Inspector General
AB  - The VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) received allegations in late 2017 concerning issues
within the Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service (Path and Lab) at the Veterans Health
Care System of the Ozarks (facility) in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The OIG Office of Healthcare
Inspections initiated a healthcare inspection in spring 2018 after examining additional allegations
related to the Path and Lab Service Chief, Dr. Robert M. Levy, misdiagnosing patients’
pathological specimens that adversely affected outcomes and altering quality management
documents to conceal his errors. It was also alleged that a facility leader did not adequately
monitor Dr. Levy’s clinical practice and failed to address misconduct. Shortly thereafter, the OIG
Office of Investigations began a criminal investigation of Dr. Levy’s actions. The healthcare
inspection was paused in deference to that investigation.
Apart from the OIG’s inspection, the facility initiated action to remove Dr. Levy from federal
service. On October 13, 2017, Dr. Levy appeared to be impaired during work hours and was
removed from the clinical setting. His privileges were summarily suspended due to concerns that
aspects of his clinical practice did not meet accepted standards and potentially constituted an
imminent threat to patient welfare. While the facility was preparing revocation paperwork, Dr.
Levy was arrested on March 1, 2018, during duty hours, in the parking lot of a local post office
on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. Dr. Levy’s removal was finalized in July 2018. 




To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/508efcee-1f27-41dd-bf95-cc0943deec1bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/06/02/
PY  - 2021
PB  - Department of Veterans Affairs
UR  - https://www.va.gov/oig/pubs/VAOIG-18-02496-157.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Carlos DeLuna documentary details evidence that Texas executed an "innocent" man
AU  - Rahman, Khaleda
T2  - Newsweek
AB  - Patrick Forbes tells "Newsweek" how his new film "The Phantom" lays out how "everything that could go wrong, did go wrong" for DeLuna, who was executed in 1989.

 https://www.newsweek.com/carlos-deluna-documentary-texas-executed-innocent-man-1596401
DA  - 2021/06/02/T10:00:01-04:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.newsweek.com/carlos-deluna-documentary-texas-executed-innocent-man-1596401
Y2  - 2021/06/03/14:18:13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cognitive Biases in Criminal Case Evaluation: A Review of the Research
AU  - Meterko, Vanessa
AU  - Cooper, Glinda
T2  - Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology
AB  - Psychological heuristics are an adaptive part of human cognition, helping us operate efficiently in a world full of complex stimuli. However, these mental shortcuts also have the potential to undermine the search for truth in a criminal investigation. We reviewed 30 social science research papers on cognitive biases in criminal case evaluations (i.e., integrating and drawing conclusions based on the totality of the evidence in a criminal case), 18 of which were based on police participants or an examination of police documents. Only two of these police participant studies were done in the USA, with the remainder conducted in various European countries. The studies provide supporting evidence that lay people and law enforcement professionals alike are vulnerable to confirmation bias, and there are other environmental, individual, and case-specific factors that may exacerbate this risk. Six studies described or evaluated the efficacy of intervention strategies, with varying evidence of success. Further research, particularly in the USA, is needed to evaluate different approaches to protect criminal investigations from cognitive biases.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/8a567545-b3f7-4eaf-bf13-051d707699c3n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/06/23/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1007/s11896-020-09425-8
DP  - Springer Link
J2  - J Police Crim Psych
LA  - en
SN  - 1936-6469
ST  - Cognitive Biases in Criminal Case Evaluation
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-020-09425-8
Y2  - 2021/06/30/14:52:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - I Write About the Law. But Could I Really Help Free a Prisoner?
AU  - Bazelon, Emily
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - For years as a journalist, I’ve covered attempts to exonerate incarcerated people. But a letter from Yutico Briley led to a different kind of story.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/21abb0b9-b1d8-4af2-a141-cdfabbcc29c7n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/06/30/
PY  - 2021
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/magazine/yutico-briley.html
Y2  - 2021/07/06/14:43:48
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Suits and Litigation (Civil)
KW  - Crime and Criminals
KW  - Black Lives Matter Movement
KW  - Black People
KW  - New Orleans (La)
KW  - Jury System
KW  - Williams, Jason (1975- )
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Five years after To Err Is Human: what have we learned?
AU  - Leape, Lucian L
AU  - Berwick, Donald M
T2  - Jama
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 293
IS  - 19
SP  - 2384
EP  - 2390
J2  - Jama
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Embedding sustainability in organizational culture
AU  - Bertels, Stephanie
AU  - Papania, Lisa
AU  - Papania, Daniel
T2  - A systematic review of the body of knowledge. London, Canada: Network for Business Sustainability
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
J2  - A systematic review of the body of knowledge. London, Canada: Network for Business Sustainability
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - The NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System: lessons learned from voluntary incident reporting
AU  - Billings, Charles E
T2  - Enhancing patient safety and reducing errors in health care. Chicago: National Patient Safety Foundation
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can policing disorder reduce crime? A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU  - Braga, Anthony A
AU  - Welsh, Brandon C
AU  - Schnell, Cory
T2  - Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
SP  - 567
EP  - 588
J2  - Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
SN  - 0022-4278
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leading organisational learning in health care
AU  - Carroll, JS
AU  - Edmondson, Amy C
T2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 51
EP  - 56
J2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
SN  - 2044-5415
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Systems Analysis of Adverse Drug Events
AU  - Leape, Lucian L.
T2  - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
DA  - 1995/07/05/
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1001/jama.1995.03530010049034
DP  - DOI.org (Crossref)
VL  - 274
IS  - 1
SP  - 35
J2  - JAMA
LA  - en
SN  - 0098-7484
UR  - http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1995.03530010049034
Y2  - 2021/07/06/15:59:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Nature of Adverse Events in Hospitalized Patients: Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II
AU  - Leape, Lucian L.
AU  - Brennan, Troyen A.
AU  - Laird, Nan
AU  - Lawthers, Ann G.
AU  - Localio, A. Russell
AU  - Barnes, Benjamin A.
AU  - Hebert, Liesi
AU  - Newhouse, Joseph P.
AU  - Weiler, Paul C.
AU  - Hiatt, Howard
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
DA  - 1991/02/07/
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1056/NEJM199102073240605
DP  - DOI.org (Crossref)
VL  - 324
IS  - 6
SP  - 377
EP  - 384
J2  - N Engl J Med
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-4793, 1533-4406
ST  - The Nature of Adverse Events in Hospitalized Patients
UR  - http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199102073240605
Y2  - 2021/07/06/15:59:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - HUMAN FACTORS IN ACCIDENTS
AU  - Allnutt, M.F.
T2  - British Journal of Anaesthesia
DA  - 1987/07//
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1093/bja/59.7.856
DP  - DOI.org (Crossref)
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
SP  - 856
EP  - 864
J2  - British Journal of Anaesthesia
LA  - en
SN  - 00070912
UR  - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0007091217390359
Y2  - 2021/07/06/15:59:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physician Reporting Compared with Medical-Record Review to Identify Adverse Medical Events
AU  - O'Neil, Anne C.
T2  - Annals of Internal Medicine
DA  - 1993/09/01/
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00004
DP  - DOI.org (Crossref)
VL  - 119
IS  - 5
SP  - 370
J2  - Ann Intern Med
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-4819
UR  - http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00004
Y2  - 2021/07/06/15:59:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Confronting failure: antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups
AU  - Cannon, Mark D.
AU  - Edmondson, Amy C.
T2  - Journal of Organizational Behavior
DA  - 2001/03/31/
PY  - 2001
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/job.85
Y2  - 2021/07/06/16:03:54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lessons learned from non-medical industries: root cause analysis as culture change at a chemical plant
AU  - Carroll, JS
AU  - Rudolph, JW
AU  - Hatakenaka, S
T2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SP  - 266
EP  - 269
J2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
SN  - 2044-5415
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The JCAHO patient safety event taxonomy: a standardized terminology and classification schema for near misses and adverse events
AU  - Chang, Andrew
AU  - Schyve, Paul M
AU  - Croteau, Richard J
AU  - O’Leary, Dennis S
AU  - Loeb, Jerod M
T2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 95
EP  - 105
J2  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
SN  - 1464-3677
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improvement of quality and productivity through action by management
AU  - Deming, W Edwards
T2  - National productivity review
DA  - 1981///
PY  - 1981
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 12
EP  - 22
J2  - National productivity review
SN  - 0277-8556
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Understanding the use of force by and against the police
AU  - Garner, Joel
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
PB  - US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of ...
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A systematic review of patient safety measures in adult primary care
AU  - Hatoun, Jonathan
AU  - Chan, Jeffrey A
AU  - Yaksic, Enzo
AU  - Greenan, Mary Alexis
AU  - Borzecki, Ann M
AU  - Shwartz, Michael
AU  - Rosen, Amy K
T2  - American Journal of Medical Quality
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 237
EP  - 245
J2  - American Journal of Medical Quality
SN  - 1062-8606
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Examining the determinants of police department transparency: The view of police executives
AU  - Chanin, Joshua
AU  - Espinosa, Salvador
T2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
SP  - 498
EP  - 519
J2  - Criminal Justice Policy Review
SN  - 0887-4034
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - National summit on wrongful convictions: Building a systemic approach to prevent wrongful convictions
AU  - International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Root cause analysis: improving performance for bottom-line results
AU  - Latino, Mark A
AU  - Latino, Robert J
AU  - Latino, Kenneth C
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
PB  - CRC press
SN  - 0-429-44657-8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physician-patient communication: a key to malpractice prevention
AU  - Levinson, Wendy
T2  - Jama
AB  - What factors put physicians at risk for being sued? This is a vital question to practicing physicians since being named in a malpractice suit or, worse yet, going to court is an emotionally distressing event. A suit can lead to personal isolation, humiliation, depression, and even physical illness for physicians.1,2 Understanding malpractice risk factors is also important to malpractice insurance companies, hospitals, and health care systems that seek to provide high-quality care while minimizing their liability and financial risk.
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
VL  - 272
IS  - 20
SP  - 1619
EP  - 1620
J2  - Jama
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Police oversight agencies: Measuring effectiveness
AU  - Lewis, Colleen
AU  - Prenzler, Tim
T2  - Promoting Integrity
AB  - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315245867-21/police-oversight-agencies-measuring-effectiveness-colleen-lewis-tim-prenzler#:~:text=This%20chapter%20focuses,to%20police%20integrity%E2%80%99.
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
SP  - 215
EP  - 236
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 1-315-24586-8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shaping citizen perceptions of police legitimacy: A randomized field trial of procedural justice
AU  - Mazerolle, Lorraine
AU  - Antrobus, Emma
AU  - Bennett, Sarah
AU  - Tyler, Tom R
T2  - Criminology
AB  - Exploring the relationship between procedural justice and citizen perceptions of police is a well-trodden pathway. Studies show that when citizens perceive the police acting in a procedurally just manner—by treating people with dignity and respect, and by being fair and neutral in their actions—they view the police as legitimate and are more likely to comply with directives and cooperate with police. Our article examines both the direct and the indirect outcomes of procedural justice policing, tested under randomized field trial conditions. We assess whether police can enhance perceptions of legitimacy during a short, police-initiated and procedurally just traffic encounter and how this single encounter shapes general views of police. Our results show significant differences between the control and experimental conditions: Procedurally just traffic encounters with police (experimental condition) shape citizen views about the actual encounter directly and general orientations toward the police relative to business-as-usual traffic stops in the control group. The theorized model is supported by our research, demonstrating that the police have much to gain from acting fairly during even short encounters with citizens.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 33
EP  - 63
J2  - Criminology
SN  - 0011-1384
ER  - 

TY  - ART
TI  - Recommendation to the Attorney General Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in Forensic Science
AU  - NATIONAL COMMISSION ON FORENSIC SCIENCE
DA  - 2015/08/11/
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://www.justice.gov/archives/ncfs/file/786581/download
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Construct Validity and Refinement of Process-Based Policing Measures
AU  - Reisig, Michael D.
AU  - Bratton, Jason
AU  - Gertz, Marc G.
T2  - Criminal Justice and Behavior
AB  - Prior tests of Tyler's process-based model of policing have left basic measurement questions unanswered. With a sample of 432 adults from a nationwide telephone survey conducted in spring 2005, factor-analytic procedures were used to develop more valid scales and to test process-based model hypotheses. Regression analyses confirmed that procedural justice judgments affect police legitimacy, which in turn influence both cooperation with police and compliance with the law. When legitimacy was disaggregated, trust in the police predicted both of the outcomes of interest. Obligation to obey, however, was not significantly associated with either compliance or cooperation. Finally, distributive fairness appeared to be as salient as legitimacy in facilitating participant cooperation.
DA  - 2007/08/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1177/0093854807301275
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 34
IS  - 8
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1028
J2  - Criminal Justice and Behavior
LA  - en
SN  - 0093-8548
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854807301275
Y2  - 2021/07/06/19:11:54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From aviation to medicine: applying concepts of aviation safety to risk management in ambulatory care
AU  - Wilf-Miron, Rachel
AU  - Lewenhoff, Irene
AU  - Benyamini, Z
AU  - Aviram, A
T2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
AB  - The development of a medical risk management programme based on the aviation safety approach and its implementation in a large ambulatory healthcare organisation is described. The following key safety principles were applied: (1) errors inevitably occur and usually derive from faulty system design, not from negligence; (2) accident prevention should be an ongoing process based on open and full reporting; (3) major accidents are only the “tip of the iceberg” of processes that indicate possibilities for organisational learning. Reporting physicians were granted immunity, which encouraged open reporting of errors. A telephone “hotline” served the medical staff for direct reporting and receipt of emotional support and medical guidance. Any adverse event which had learning potential was debriefed, while focusing on the human cause of error within a systemic context. Specific recommendations were formulated to rectify processes conducive to error when failures were identified. During the first 5 years of implementation, the aviation safety concept and tools were successfully adapted to ambulatory care, fostering a culture of greater concern for patient safety through risk management while providing support to the medical staff.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 35
EP  - 39
J2  - BMJ Quality & Safety
SN  - 2044-5415
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National, organizational and professional influences
AU  - Helmreich, Robert L
AU  - Merritt, Ashleigh C
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 1-315-25869-2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is the effect of procedural justice on police legitimacy invariant? Testing the generality of procedural justice and competing antecedents of legitimacy
AU  - Wolfe, Scott E
AU  - Nix, Justin
AU  - Kaminski, Robert
AU  - Rojek, Jeff
T2  - Journal of quantitative criminology
AB  - Objectives This study tests the generality of Tyler's process-based model of policing by
examining whether the effect of procedural justice and competing variables (ie, distributive
justice and police effectiveness) on police legitimacy evaluations operate in the same
manner across individual and situational differences. Methods Data from a random sample
of mail survey respondents are used to test the “invariance thesis”(N= 1681). Multiplicative
interaction effects between the key antecedents of legitimacy (measured separately for ...
DA  - 2016///
PY  - 2016
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 253
EP  - 282
J2  - Journal of quantitative criminology
SN  - 1573-7799
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do New Chiefs Mean Fresh Perspectives? The Institutionalization of the Police Executive Environment
AU  - Matusiak, Matthew C.
T2  - CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR
DA  - 2022/04//
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1177/00938548211006753
SN  - 0093-8548
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Policing's Information Problem
AU  - Friedman, Barry
AU  - Janszky, Elizabeth G.
T2  - TEXAS LAW REVIEW
AB  - 316. See NAT'L INST. OF JUSTICE, PAVING THE WAY: LESSONS LEARNED IN SENTINEL EVENT
REVIEWS 2 (Nov. 2015), https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffilesl/nij/249097.pdf [https://perma.cc/GNB4-
9Q9H] (assessing the feasibility of implementing sentinel event reviews in the criminal justice
system because such reviews have been successfully employed, presumably system-wide, in
medicine and aviation).
DA  - 2020/11//
PY  - 2020
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 71
SN  - 0040-4411
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police supervisor attitudes toward organizational change
AU  - Schafer, Joseph A.
AU  - Varano, Sean P.
AU  - Galli, Phillip M.
AU  - Ford, Teri
T2  - JOURNAL OF CRIME & JUSTICE
DA  - 2021/05/27/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1080/0735648X.2020.1803952
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 258
EP  - 274
SN  - 0735-648X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patterns of Injustice: Police Brutality in the Courts
AU  - Bandes, Susan
T2  - Buffalo Law Review
DA  - 1999/10/01/
PY  - 1999
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SP  - 1275
SN  - 0023-9356
ST  - Patterns of Injustice
UR  - https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol47/iss3/4
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Diagnostic Errors in Primary Care
AU  - Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety
T2  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - The Betsy Lehman Center is a state agency that uses communications and research working toward safer health care in Massachusetts.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2f61ec71-bff8-4347-be8d-5dbab56f7eafn%40googlegroups.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://betsylehmancenterma.gov/initiatives/diagnostic-errors-in-primary-care
Y2  - 2021/07/15/16:41:19
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - ASU Foundation awarded $250,000 grant to conduct Sentinel Event Review of police use of force
AU  - ASU News
T2  - ASU News
AB  - The ASU Foundation has been awarded a $250,000 grant by the American Arbitration Association – International Centre for Dispute Resolution Foundation to explore the development of a statewide system for conducting Sentinel Event Reviews of police use of force, particularly among vulnerable populations.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/f9815fcf-b8b2-4637-a11b-234929d6802bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/06/01/T09:00:00-07:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
UR  - https://news.asu.edu/20210527-arizona-state-university-foundation-awarded-250000-grant-conduct-sentinel-event-review
Y2  - 2021/07/19/14:28:33
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Developing the Capacity to Understand and Prevent Homicide: An Evaluation of the Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission
AU  - Azreal, Deborah
AU  - Braga, Anthony
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory
T2  - Office of Justice Programs
AB  - A distinguishing feature of the MHRC is its inclusion of community agencies and leaders outside of the traditional criminal justice system. The evaluation examined MHRC's work from January 2005 through December 2007. Overall, the homicide review process found that homicide in the city's intervention districts were largely clustered in specific locations, such as in and around taverns, as well as in districts with concentrations of active offenders who had been involved in the criminal justice system. Homicides were often the outcome of persistent disputes between individuals and/or groups (usually gangs). Homicides were often committed to gain respect and status among peers who valued fearless displays of power and control over others, as well as to inflict retribution on those showing disrespect and confrontational interactions. Generally, the MHRC decisionmaking and actions produced a comprehensive set of actionable policy and practice recommendations whose implementation and effects were continuously monitored by the MHRC. MHRC actions were intended to better position criminal justice, social service, and community based organizations in addressing the violence-related factors in high-risk locations and high-risk individuals with a propensity for violence. The impact evaluation found that the implementation of the MHRC interventions was linked with a statistically significant 52-percent decrease in the monthly count of homicides in the treatment districts. In comparison, the control districts had a statistically insignificant 9.2- percent decrease in homicides, after controlling for the other covariates. Apparently, the MHRC's crafting of interventions designed to address underlying risks associated with homicides has had a significant impact in reducing incidents of lethal violence. 6 tables, 1 figure, 57 references, and appended evaluation instruments
DA  - 2012/01//
PY  - 2012
LA  - en
ST  - Developing the Capacity to Understand and Prevent Homicide
UR  - https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/developing-capacity-understand-and-prevent-homicide-evaluation-milwaukee
Y2  - 2021/07/19/14:38:37
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Tale of Four Cities: Improving our Understanding of Gun Violence, Draft Final Summary Overview | Office of Justice Programs
AU  - McGarrell, Edmund
AU  - Hipple, Natalie Kroovand
AU  - Huebner, Beth
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory
AB  - Data collection and analysis focused on Detroit, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, and St. Louis. The five goals of the project were 1) to create a better understanding of nonfatal shootings and how they relate to gun homicides; 2) to improve data systems on gun violence; 3) to increase understanding of the spatial and network dimensions of firearms violence; 4) to disseminate the data and findings; and 5) to expand the study from Detroit, Indianapolis, and Milwaukee to include St. Louis. The central issue in research methodology was the development of methods for obtaining data on nonfatal shootings, since police records management systems do not typically include a focus on nonfatal shootings. The method of data collection on nonfatal shootings developed for this project is described in this report. The database developed is organized by incident as well as by person (victim, offender). The cross-city database facilitates current and future firearm violence research and will be submitted to the NACJD. Spatial analyses will continue to be developed and will be improved by the common census data that have been integrated in the cross-city database. Conference presentations that use data from Detroit and Milwaukee have been used to examine the social network patterns of people involved in homicides and nonfatal shootings. A table of victim characteristics in homicides and nonfatal shooting incidents is provided. A listing of 19 scholarly conference presentations and 5 project publications
DA  - 2019/10//
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/tale-four-cities-improving-our-understanding-gun-violence-draft
Y2  - 2021/07/19/14:50:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - General systems theory and criminal justice
AU  - Bernard, Thomas J.
AU  - Paoline, Eugene A.
AU  - Pare, Paul-Philippe
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
AB  - Criminal justice agencies are organized sequentially — “output” from one agency is “input” to the next — but most scholars argue that criminal justice is not a system in a theoretical sense. In this article, it is argued that general systems theory (GST) reveals important insights into criminal justice structures and functions. Specifically, it is argued that the criminal justice system processes “cases” rather than people, and that the common goal of criminal justice processing is to “close cases so that they stay closed.” It also is argued that processing capacity progressively declines, in that at each system point the subsequent agency cannot input as many cases as the previous agency can output. Each agency therefore experiences “backward pressure” to close cases in order to reduce input to the next agency. Overall, this article highlights that criminal justice agents and agencies are best understood as operating in the context of the larger whole, thus it is concluded that criminal justice is a system in the sense of general systems theory.
DA  - 2005/05/01/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.02.001
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
SP  - 203
EP  - 211
J2  - Journal of Criminal Justice
LA  - en
SN  - 0047-2352
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235205000127
Y2  - 2021/07/19/14:53:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can we prevent deaths of homeless persons? Police led public health approach to prevent homeless deaths
AU  - Hipple, Natalie Kroovand
AU  - Shaefer, Sarah J. M.
AU  - Jr, Robert F. Hipple
AU  - Ballew, Alfarena T.
T2  - Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness
AB  - Research on homeless populations demonstrates that homelessness in itself is an independent risk factor for death. However, there is a dearth of detailed data on homeless decedents and the situations surrounding their deaths. This lack of knowledge, a desire to understand how and why homeless individuals were dying, and a sentinel event death led the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department Homelessness and Panhandling Unit to partner with a local researcher and begin conducting homeless death reviews. The approach is modeled after the evidence-based, public health approach of the Fetal and Infant Mortality Review process (FIMR). The FIMR model is a systematic approach to understanding system gaps and obtaining insights into the factors that resulted in homelessness and ultimately death. This article reports on the process to develop this unique multi-agency, police-led review of homeless deaths in Indianapolis, Indiana and resulting recommendations for action to decrease these deaths.
DA  - 2016/07/02/
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1080/10530789.2016.1240950
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 78
EP  - 85
SN  - 1053-0789
ST  - Can we prevent deaths of homeless persons?
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2016.1240950
Y2  - 2021/07/19/15:06:07
KW  - Homelessness
KW  - Cross-sector collaboration
KW  - Death reviews
KW  - FIMR
KW  - Mortality reviews
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Creating Systems That Can Improve Safety and Justice (and Why Piecemeal Change Won't Work)
AU  - Mears, DP
T2  - JUSTICE EVALUATION JOURNAL
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1080/24751979.2019.1569475
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 2475-1979
AN  - WOS:000594847900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Thinking fast, not slow: How cognitive biases may contribute to racial disparities in the use of force in police-citizen encounters
AU  - Mears, DP
AU  - Craig, MO
AU  - Stewart, EA
AU  - Warren, PY
T2  - JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
DA  - 2017/11//undefined
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.09.001
VL  - 53
SP  - 12
EP  - 24
SN  - 0047-2352
AN  - WOS:000415141200002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - FIMR and Other Mortality Reviews as Public Health Tools for Strengthening Maternal and Child Health Systems in Communities: Where Do We Need to Go Next?
AU  - Hutchins, Ellen
AU  - Grason, Holly
AU  - Handler, Arden
T2  - Maternal and Child Health Journal
AB  - This article examines FIMR in relationship to two other maternal and child health mortality reviews—child fatality review (CFR) and maternal mortality review (MMR), and explores how their approaches to reviewing deaths can complement one another. Identifying opportunities for collaboration among these case review methodologies may lead to greater efficiencies at the local and state levels and strengthen the case review approach as a public health tool for improving maternal and child health outcomes. To enable comparative analysis, a table was constructed that identifies the purpose, structure, and process features of each case review approach. This was followed by an examination of two possible ways to improve maternal and child mortality review processes in states: 1) better coordination; and 2) improving each individual process through adapting and adopting promising practices from the others. A discussion is also provided of the state Title V role in facilitating both the coordination of reviews and the process of sharing best practices. Given the similarities that exist among the three MCH mortality reviews, it is important to view each review as one component of a larger system of maternal and child health death reviews. Implementing widely the recommendations generated by these reviews may increase the likelihood of improvements in services and systems on behalf of women and children.
DA  - 2004/12/01/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1023/B:MACI.0000047424.62781.0d
DP  - Springer Link
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SP  - 259
EP  - 268
J2  - Matern Child Health J
LA  - en
SN  - 1573-6628
ST  - FIMR and Other Mortality Reviews as Public Health Tools for Strengthening Maternal and Child Health Systems in Communities
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MACI.0000047424.62781.0d
Y2  - 2021/07/19/17:51:57
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sentinel Events Preceding Youth Firearm Violence An Investigation of Administrative Data in Delaware
AU  - Sumner, SA
AU  - Maenner, MJ
AU  - Socias, CM
AU  - Mercy, JA
AU  - Silverman, P
AU  - Medinilla, SP
AU  - Martin, SS
AU  - Xu, LK
AU  - Hillis, SD
T2  - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
AB  - Introduction: Accurately identifying youth at highest risk of firearm violence involvement could permit delivery of focused, comprehensive prevention services. This study explored whether readily available city and state administrative data covering life events before youth firearm violence could elucidate patterns preceding such violence.
Methods: Four hundred twenty-one individuals arrested for homicide, attempted homicide, aggravated assault, or robbery with a firearm committed in Wilmington, Delaware, from January 1, 2009 to May 21, 2014, were matched 1: 3 to 1,259 Wilmington resident controls on birth year and sex. In 2015, descriptive statistics and a conditional logistic regression model using Delaware healthcare, child welfare, juvenile services, labor, and education administrative data examined associations between preceding life events and subsequent firearm violence.
Results: In a multivariable adjusted model, experiencing a prior gunshot wound injury (AOR=11.4, 95% CI=2.7, 48.1) and being subject to community probation (AOR=13.2, 95% CI=5.7, 30.3) were associated with the highest risk of subsequent firearm violence perpetration, though multiple other sentinel events were informative. The mean number of sentinel events experienced by youth committing firearm violence was 13.0 versus 1.9 among controls (p<0.0001). Within the sample, 84.1% of youth experiencing a sentinel event in all five studied domains ultimately committed firearm violence.
Conclusions: Youth who commit firearm violence have preceding patterns of life events that markedly differ from youth not involved in firearm violence. This information is readily available from administrative data, demonstrating the potential of data sharing across city and state institutions to focus prevention strategies on those at greatest risk. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine
DA  - 2016/11//undefined
PY  - 2016
DO  - 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.002
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
SP  - 647
EP  - 655
SN  - 0749-3797
AN  - WOS:000386785100007
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Policing and Mental Health
A3  - McDaniel,, John L.M.
A3  - Moss, Kate
A3  - Pease, Ken G.
AB  - This book explores the relationship between policing and mental health. Police services around the world are innovating at pace in order to develop solutions
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429470882/policing-mental-health-john-mcdaniel-kate-moss-ken-pease
Y2  - 2021/07/22/13:51:14
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Lexipol's Fight Against Police Reform
AU  - Eagly, Ingrid V.
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
AB  - We are in the midst of a critically important moment in police reform. National and local attention is fixed on how to reduce the number of people killed and injured by the police. One approach—which has been recognized for decades to reduce police killings—is to limit police power to use force. This Article is the first to uncover how an often-overlooked private company, Lexipol LLC, has become one of the most powerful voices pushing against reform of use-of-force standards. Founded in 2003, Lexipol now writes police policies and trainings for over one-fifth of American law enforcement agencies. As this Article documents, Lexipol has refused to incorporate common reform proposals into the policies it writes for its subscribers, including a use-of-force matrix, policies requiring de-escalation, or bright-line rules prohibiting certain types of behavior—like chokeholds and shooting into cars. Lexipol has also taken an active advocacy role in opposition to proposed reforms of police use-of-force standards, pushing, instead, for departments to hew closely to Graham v. Connor’s “objectively reasonable” standard. Finally, when use-of-force reforms have been enacted, Lexipol has attempted to minimize their impact. Local governments, police departments, and insurers have long viewed Lexipol as a critically important partner in keeping policies lawful and up-to-date. This Article makes clear that they should take a closer look. Lexipol’s aggressive efforts to retain wide officer discretion to use force may ultimately expose officers and agencies to liability instead of shielding them from it. It is time for advocacy groups seeking policing improvements to train their sights on Lexipol. Unless and until Lexipol changes its approach, the company should be viewed as a barrier to reform.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5452152f-22ca-40fc-bc27-d4c3c324974cn%40googlegroups.com.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2021/06/17/
PY  - 2021
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3869120
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3869120
Y2  - 2021/07/28/18:24:18
KW  - use of force
KW  - policing
KW  - police reform
KW  - privatization
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - MPD Data Visualization Tool 7.26
AU  - DC Fiscal Policy Institute
T2  - Tableau Software
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/12542536-13ca-4174-b83d-18f1d5b191e9n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
UR  - https://public.tableau.com/views/MPDDataVisualizationTool7_26/0Homepage?%3Adisplay_static_image=y&%3AbootstrapWhenNotified=true&%3Aembed=true&%3Alanguage=en-US&:embed=y&:showVizHome=n&:apiID=host0#navType=0&navSrc=Parse
Y2  - 2021/07/28/18:26:06
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Strengthening Non-Police Safety Infrastructure in DC: Key Facts and Considerations
AU  - Sakala, Leah
AU  - Doyle, Libby
T2  - Urban Institute
AB  - The nationwide uprising against police violence in the wake of George Floyd’s murder by a Minneapolis police officer sparked new conversations about the scope and role of policing. Evidence shows that there are a variety of promising solutions to address violence that do not rely on police, and a growing number of jurisdictions are considering and adopting new public safety strategies. DC has urgent public safety challenges, including rising incidents of gun violence and recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, residents continue to experience physical, psychological, and neighborhood-level harms associated with policing. Building up new safety infrastructure and reducing overall reliance on police can simultaneously promote public safety and reduce the harms of overpolicing in DC. This brief was produced as a companion to the DC Fiscal Policy Institute’s “Understanding the DC Police Budget” tool.

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/12542536-13ca-4174-b83d-18f1d5b191e9n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/07/16/T13:47:12-04:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - Strengthening Non-Police Safety Infrastructure in DC
UR  - https://www.urban.org/research/publication/strengthening-non-police-safety-infrastructure-dc-key-facts-and-considerations
Y2  - 2021/07/28/18:30:05
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Improving Police Clearance Rates of Shootings: A Review of the Evidence
AU  - Braga, Athony
T2  - Manhattan Institute
AB  - Clearance rates for fatal and nonfatal shootings, especially cases involving gang- and drug-related violence, are disturbingly low in many American cities. Low clearance rates undermine police efforts to hold offenders accountable, to disrupt cycles of gun violence, and to provide justice to...

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/ecfad280-d0a6-4d74-b8ff-5c8c36b3ee12n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/07/15/T15:31:33-04:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - Improving Police Clearance Rates of Shootings
UR  - https://www.manhattan-institute.org/improving-police-clearance-rates-shootings-review-evidence
Y2  - 2021/08/02/21:24:43
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Video of deputies killing suicidal man shows multiple failures, experts conclude
AU  - Miller, Liela
AU  - Winton, Richard
T2  - Los Angeles Times
AB  - Video of deputies repeatedly shooting man raise alarms over tactics

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5e8d24b2-93a1-4a8c-9052-2352feecf972n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/08/03/T12:00:31.269
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-08-03/disturbing-video-of-deputies-killing-suicidal-man
Y2  - 2021/08/05/14:21:42
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Righting wrongful convictions
AU  - Radio Times
T2  - WHYY
AB  - Philadelphia’s Conviction Integrity Unit has exonerated 21 people in the past four years. A recent report from the office highlights numerous examples of official misconduct which led to the incarceration of innocent people, including withholding of exculpatory evidence, perjury, evidence tampering or coercing false convictions, This hour, Assistant D.A. PATRICIA CUMMINGS, who heads the CIU office, and THEOPHALIS “BILAAL” WILSON, who was exonerated last year after serving 28 years in prison, join us to talk about wrongful convictions and reforming the criminal justice system.
DA  - 2021/08/10/
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://whyy.org/episodes/righting-wrongful-convictions/
Y2  - 2021/08/12/20:30:42
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - A Fight to Expose the Hidden Human Costs of Incarceration
AU  - Press, Eyal
T2  - The New Yorker
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/08/23/a-fight-to-expose-the-hidden-human-costs-of-incarceration?utm_source=nl&utm_brand=tny&utm_mailing=TNY_Daily_081921&utm_campaign=aud-dev&utm_medium=email&bxid=5bea0bf22ddf9c72dc8d324d&cndid=41688630&hasha=5fab2b2f97566d9062cfa83cd6295538&hashb=8ef89561aa94ce12cdc306a0a0c7d22de341509b&hashc=40a28cb6da1f1a3ce4647016fdf0fc7f5c21bd7dbfb227d3fa6084b41a4926d4&esrc=AUTO_OTHER&mbid=CRMNYR012019&utm_content=B&utm_term=TNY_Daily
Y2  - 2021/08/20/15:54:14
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Managing the Seriously Mentally Ill in Corrections
AU  - Shaffer, John S
AU  - Russo, Joe
AU  - Woods, Dulani
AU  - Jackson, Brian A
AB  - An expert workshop of correctional line staff and administrators,
mental health professionals, and researchers identified the following high-priority needs for managing individuals with serious
mental illness (SMI) in correctional facilities:
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
PB  - RAND Corporation
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Crown Heights Riot, 30 Years Later: Lessons For Policing And Journalism
T2  - Manhattan Institute
AB  - Thirty years ago, a car accident in Crown Heights spurred days of antisemitic rioting. Join us for a discussion on the lessons learned by law enforcement and the media.
DA  - 2021/08/13/T12:02:12-04:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
ST  - The Crown Heights Riot, 30 Years Later
UR  - https://www.manhattan-institute.org/crown-heights-riot-30-years-later-policing-public
Y2  - 2021/08/23/21:00:06
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Incidents – markers of resilience or brittleness?
AU  - Woods, David
AU  - Cook, Richard I.
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9545495e-a592-428b-b43a-88740bebedcen%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2012/01/01/
PY  - 2012
DP  - ResearchGate
SP  - 69
EP  - 76
L4  - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292504952_Incidents_-_markers_of_resilience_or_brittleness
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Diagnostic Error in Medicine 14th Annual International Conference - SIDM 2021
A2  - Schiff, Gordon
A2  - Pilcher, Charles
A2  - Mirica, Maria
AB  - Diagnostic Error in Medicine 14th Annual International Conference - SIDM 2021

explored different features of the Dimensions database and found two quite interesting features which may eventually make it as a competitor to Web of Science and Scopus
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://sidm2021.us2.pathable.com/agenda
Y2  - 2021/09/22/18:19:13
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Opinion | What the Arbery and Rittenhouse Trials Can’t Do for America
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
T2  - POLITICO
AB  - Over and over, we invest criminal trials with too much moral freight. The bigger issues do matter — but they aren’t the jury’s problem, they’re ours.
 https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/68c47983-4337-452a-ae25-0a384d036afdn%40googlegroups.com.
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/11/23/arbery-rittenhouse-criminal-trials-justice-523271
Y2  - 2021/11/24/18:39:58
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Behavioral Ethics: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Moral Judgment and Dishonesty
AU  - Bazerman, Max H.
AU  - Gino, Francesca
AB  - Early research and teaching on ethics focused either on a moral development perspective or on philosophical approaches and used a normative approach by focusing on the question of how people should act when resolving ethical dilemmas. In this article, we briefly describe the traditional approach to ethics and then present a (biased) review of the behavioral approach to ethics. We define behavioral ethics as the study of systematic and predictable ways in which individuals make ethical decisions and judge the ethical decisions of others when these decisions are at odds with intuition and the benefits of the broader society. By focusing on a descriptive rather than a normative approach to ethics, behavioral ethics is better suited than traditional approaches to addressing the increasing demand from society for a deeper understanding of what causes even good people to cross ethical boundaries.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2012/12/01/
PY  - 2012
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 2169177
ST  - Behavioral Ethics
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2169177
Y2  - 2021/11/24/18:57:21
KW  - SSRN
KW  - Behavioral Ethics: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Moral Judgment and Dishonesty
KW  - Francesca Gino
KW  - Max H. Bazerman
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Thanks for Everything (Now Get Out) | Yale University Press
AU  - Marquiles Joseph
AB  - Tracing the history of Olneyville, a neighborhood in Providence, Rhode Island, that has traveled the long arc from urban decay to the cusp of gentrification, Joseph Margulies asks the most important question facing cities today: Can we restore distressed neighborhoods without setting the stage for their destruction? Is failure the inevitable cost of success? Based on years of interviews and on-the-ground observation, Margulies argues that to save Olneyville and thousands of neighborhoods like it, we need to empower low-income residents by giving them ownership and control of neighborhood assets. His model for a new form of neighborhood organization—the “neighborhood trust”—is already gaining traction nationwide and promises to give the poor what they have never had in this country: the power to control their future.



visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0c793e34-9d08-4968-8ce9-3e1dfffa15a4n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
PB  - Yale University Press
UR  - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300250015/thanks-everything-now-get-out
Y2  - 2021/11/24/21:41:00
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Eric Garner’s Mother Wanted Answers for His Death. She Isn’t Satisfied.
AU  - Closson, Troy
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - An inquiry into the killing of Mr. Garner in 2014 ended on Friday after the testimony of a dozen witnesses. Here are five takeaways.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/02dccfb5-4fd0-4e36-b272-6446992af887n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/11/06/
PY  - 2021
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/06/nyregion/eric-garner-death-police.html
Y2  - 2021/11/24/21:47:30
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - de Blasio, Bill
KW  - Civilian Complaint Review Board
KW  - New York City
KW  - Garner, Eric
KW  - Pantaleo, Daniel
KW  - Black Lives Matter Movement
KW  - Adonis, Kizzy (1977- )
KW  - Carr, Gwen (1949- )
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Man Is Exonerated in Rape Case Described in Alice Sebold’s Memoir
AU  - Zraick, Karen
AU  - Alter, Alexandra
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Anthony J. Broadwater was convicted of the 1981 attack in Syracuse, N.Y., in a case the district attorney and a state judge agreed was flawed.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/7c7fcb80-8836-4220-9032-5aa2701fdc6cn%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/11/24/
PY  - 2021
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/nyregion/anthony-broadwater-alice-sebold.html
Y2  - 2021/11/26/16:11:26
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Sex Crimes
KW  - Broadwater, Anthony J
KW  - Onondaga County (NY)
KW  - Sebold, Alice
KW  - Syracuse (NY)
KW  - The Lovely Bones (Book)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The Woman on the Bridge
AU  - Barry, Ellen
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Police and prosecutors spent five years chasing a domestic violence case. Would it be enough?

 https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c1891956-1a76-46ad-8cdf-246cfe7f7165n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/11/28/
PY  - 2021
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/us/domestic-violence-law-enforcement.html
Y2  - 2021/11/29/15:52:54
KW  - Suicides and Suicide Attempts
KW  - Federal Bureau of Investigation
KW  - Decisions and Verdicts
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Police
KW  - Domestic Violence
KW  - Burns, Shira
KW  - Dion, Nelson (1966- )
KW  - Maine
KW  - Neal, Tanya (1977-2019)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Alice Sebold apologizes to man cleared of 1981 rape featured in her memoir
AU  - Press, Associated
T2  - The Guardian
AB  - Author struggles with role she played ‘within a system that sent an innocent man to jail’ after Anthony Broadwater, 61, exonerated

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/033b66b3-c89f-463f-90c1-1f7148e16cbcn%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021/11/30/T19:41:48.000Z
PY  - 2021
DP  - The Guardian
LA  - en-GB
SE  - US news
SN  - 0261-3077
UR  - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/30/alice-sebold-apologizes-1981-rape-anthony-broadwater
Y2  - 2021/12/01/14:39:00
KW  - US crime
KW  - US news
KW  - New York
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Developing the capacity to understand and prevent homicide: An evaluation of the Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission
AU  - Azrael, Deborah
AU  - Braga, AA
AU  - O’Brien, ME
AB  - A distinguishing feature of the MHRC is its inclusion of community agencies and leaders outside of the traditional criminal justice system. The evaluation examined MHRC's work from January 2005 through December 2007. Overall, the homicide review process found that homicide in the city's intervention districts were largely clustered in specific locations, such as in and around taverns, as well as in districts with concentrations of active offenders who had been involved in the criminal justice system. Homicides were often the outcome of persistent disputes between individuals and/or groups (usually gangs). Homicides were often committed to gain respect and status among peers who valued fearless displays of power and control over others, as well as to inflict retribution on those showing disrespect and confrontational interactions. Generally, the MHRC decisionmaking and actions produced a comprehensive set of actionable policy and practice recommendations whose implementation and effects were continuously monitored by the MHRC. MHRC actions were intended to better position criminal justice, social service, and community based organizations in addressing the violence-related factors in high-risk locations and high-risk individuals with a propensity for violence. The impact evaluation found that the implementation of the MHRC interventions was linked with a statistically significant 52-percent decrease in the monthly count of homicides in the treatment districts. In comparison, the control districts had a statistically insignificant 9.2- percent decrease in homicides, after controlling for the other covariates. Apparently, the MHRC's crafting of interventions designed to address underlying risks associated with homicides has had a significant impact in reducing incidents of lethal violence. 6 tables, 1 figure, 57 references, and appended evaluation instruments
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
SP  - 95
PB  - National Institute of Justice Grant Report.
UR  - https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/240814.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - 7 big questions about safety with prof. Sidney Dekker — Art of Work Academy
A2  - Dekker, Sidney
AB  - Be part of this conversation and push forward your organisation’s thinking about safety
Conventional approaches to safety and human factors are no longer equipped to cope with today’s fast-moving world of work. Evolve your Safety Differently knowledge and apply it successfully to your unique situation.
LA  - en-AU
UR  - https://www.artofwork.academy/7-big-questions-about-safety
Y2  - 2021/12/06/19:31:20
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Learning the lessons
AU  - UK College of Policing
T2  - College of Policing
AB  - Using the best available research to identify patterns, understand the risks to safety, identify learning needs and assess training delivery.
DA  - 2020/08//
PY  - 2020
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.college.police.uk/guidance/conflict-management/learning-lessons
Y2  - 2021/12/10/18:52:56
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Leadership Review
AU  - College of Policing
AB  - Our police service is the envy of many around the world, respected for its strength
of purpose and public service ethos. Leaders at all levels of the police can be proud
of a tradition of success in handling challenging incidents on a daily basis. The
police service has managed stringent budget reductions while also adapting to
new developments in political accountability, patterns of crime and in the task of
protecting the public.
1.1.2 There is, however, a powerful need for change. The future context identifed
in this review demands a fundamental change in the way we equip the whole
police workforce with leadership skills and knowledge. Only by being highly
adaptable, extraordinarily efective and operating from the basis of a knowledge
of what works will policing maintain its reputation and continue delivering on
its commitment to prevent crime and protect the public. A failure to adapt and
prepare for the future means there is a serious risk that the police service will falter
under twin pressures of fnancial constraint and declining legitimacy.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
PB  - UK College of Policing
UR  - https://assets.college.police.uk/s3fs-public/2021-03/cop-leadership-review-2015.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Safety from False Convictions
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Criminal Justice Theory Blog
AB  - This post suggests ways to reduce the risk of false convictions by implementing an incident-reporting duty and applying insights and experience from other spheres of life, in which ...

https://criminaljusticetheoryblog.wordpress.com/2021/12/10/safety-from-false-convictions/
DA  - 2021/12/10/T09:44:03+00:00
PY  - 2021
LA  - en-GB
UR  - https://criminaljusticetheoryblog.wordpress.com/2021/12/10/safety-from-false-convictions/
Y2  - 2021/12/13/16:41:48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - “Lights and Sirens”: Variation in 911 Call-Taker Risk Appraisal and its Effects on Police Officer Perceptions at the Scene
AU  - Gillooly, Jessica W.
T2  - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
AB  - Until now, 911 dispatch centers largely have been the “black box” of the criminal justice system. This article opens that black box. It documents systematically a new mechanism in the policing process: the degree to which a 911 call-taker's “alarmist” response to a call primes police officer perceptions at the scene. This study leverages the quasi-random assignment of 911 call-takers to calls and employs an instrumental variable approach novel to dispatch. The author focuses her analysis on call-for-service data (N = 20,764) involving mental health crises and public assaults—strategic sites for the investigation of call-taker discretion—from a dispatch center in Southeast Michigan and finds a statistically significant difference in the propensity of call-takers to classify the same types of calls as “high priority.” This variation, in turn, affects police perceptions. Calls for which call-taker assignment induces a high priority classification are about three times more likely to be classified as high priority by the police at the scene, relative to the mean of the dependent variable. Effects are strongest for calls involving mental health crises. The theoretical developments and empirical results presented here point to new areas for policy reform for policymakers and practitioners regarding the importance of training 911 call-takers in call triage and diversion.

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/3816a27b-8044-43ba-ab00-3e94cddb7e12n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22369
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - n/a
IS  - n/a
LA  - en
SN  - 1520-6688
ST  - “Lights and Sirens”
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.22369
Y2  - 2021/12/23/17:59:00
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Rethinking policing: How Tempe de-escalation class changes officer behavior
AU  - Blasius, Melissa
T2  - KNXV ABC Arizona
AB  - More than 100 Tempe officers went through the one-day training in 2020, just before the pandemic started.

ASU researchers, led by Criminal Justice Professor Michael White, studied how the training played out on the streets. Over four months, they watched hundreds of hours of body-cam video from trained officers. The ASU team compared those videos to videos of untrained officers and inputted 140 categories of information.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9c035f7e-2808-4cf3-b7c7-cbb0f832e13cn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/07/03/T06:04:39.596
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
SE  - Rethinking Policing
ST  - Rethinking policing
UR  - https://www.abc15.com/news/local-news/investigations/rethinking-policing/rethinking-policing-how-tempe-de-escalation-class-changes-officer-behavior
Y2  - 2022/01/03/21:04:08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moving the needle: can training alter officer perceptions and use of de-escalation?
AU  - White, Michael D
AU  - Mora, Victor J.
AU  - Orosco, Carlena
AU  - Hedberg, E. C.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal
AB  - Purpose De-escalation training for police has received widespread attention as a method for reducing unnecessary and excessive use of force. There is virtually no research on de-escalation, and as a result, there is little understanding about what it is, what it includes and whether it is effective. The current study compares attitudes about the importance and use of de-escalation among officers who were randomly assigned to participate (or not) in de-escalation training. Design/methodology/approach The current study draws from a larger randomized controlled trial of de-escalation training in the Tempe, Arizona Police Department (TPD). Approximately 100 officers completed a survey in June–July 2019 and again in June–July 2020. TPD delivered the de-escalation training to half the patrol force in February–March 2020. The authors compare treatment and control officers' attitudes about the importance of specific de-escalation tactics, how often they use those tactics and their sentiments de-escalation training. The authors employ an econometric random-effects model to examine between-group differences post-training while controlling for relevant officer attributes including age, race, sex, prior training and squad-level pretraining attitudes about de-escalation. Findings Treatment and control officers reported positive perceptions of de-escalation tactics, frequent use of those tactics and favorable attitudes toward de-escalation before and after the training. After receiving the training, treatment officers placed greater importance on compromise, and reported more frequent use of several important tactics including compromise, knowing when to walk away and maintaining officer safety. Originality/value Only a few prior studies have has examined whether de-escalation training changes officer attitudes. The results from the current study represent an initial piece of evidence suggesting de-escalation training may lead to greater use of those tactics by officers during encounters with citizens.
DA  - 2021/01/01/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1108/PIJPSM-08-2020-0140
DP  - Emerald Insight
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 418
EP  - 436
SN  - 1363-951X
ST  - Moving the needle
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-08-2020-0140
Y2  - 2022/01/03/21:39:35
KW  - Police
KW  - Training
KW  - Use of force
KW  - De-escalation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects
AU  - Bennell, Craig
AU  - Alpert, Geoffrey
AU  - Andersen, Judith P.
AU  - Arpaia, Joseph
AU  - Huhta, Juha-Matti
AU  - Kahn, Kimberly B.
AU  - Khanizadeh, Ariane-Jade
AU  - McCarthy, Molly
AU  - McLean, Kyle
AU  - Mitchell, Renée J.
AU  - Nieuwenhuys, Arne
AU  - Palmer, Adam
AU  - White, Michael D.
T2  - Legal and Criminological Psychology
AB  - Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.

 https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9c035f7e-2808-4cf3-b7c7-cbb0f832e13cn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12191
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 121
EP  - 144
LA  - en
SN  - 2044-8333
ST  - Advancing police use of force research and practice
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lcrp.12191
Y2  - 2022/01/03/21:42:05
KW  - use of force
KW  - public safety
KW  - de-escalation
KW  - racial biases
KW  - trust in the police
KW  - use of force continuums
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales.
AU  - Chantler, Khatidja
AU  - Robbins, Rachel
AU  - Baker, Victoria
AU  - Stanley, Nicky
T2  - Health & social care in the community
AB  - This paper aims to contribute to the prevention of future domestic homicide by analysing 141 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales. All publicly available DHRs (n = 141) were retrieved from Community Safety Partnership websites in England and Wales in June 2016. Utilising a mixed methods approach, we designed templates to extract quantitative and qualitative data from DHRs. Descriptive statistics were generated by SPSS. 54 DHRs were analysed qualitatively, using N-Vivo for data management. The findings revealed that perpetrators were aged: 16-82 years; with a mean average age of 41 years. Victims' ages ranged from 17 to 91 years old; with a mean average age: 45 years. Perpetrators' mental health was mentioned in 65% of DHRs; 49% of perpetrators had a mental health diagnosis. Healthcare services, in particular, mental health services, were most likely to be involved with perpetrators. 'Movement' was identified as a key contextual feature of the 54 DHRs analysed qualitatively and this was found to interact with risk assessment, language barriers and housing problems. In conclusion, domestic violence and abuse risk assessments need to be informed by the knowledge that domestic abuse occurs across the age span. Mental health settings offer an opportunity for intervention to prevent domestic homicide. Domestic Homicide Reviews can provide valuable material for training practitioners. (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
DA  - 2020/03//
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1111/hsc.12881
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 485
EP  - 493
J2  - Health & social care in the community
SN  - 1365-2524
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=31698520&site=ehost-live
AN  - 31698520
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 31698520. Language: English. Date Revised: 20210303. Date Created: 20191108. Date Completed: 20210303. Update Code: 20211220. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 9306359. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Health Soc Care Community. Linked References: American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.; APMS. (2016). Adult psychiatric morbidity survey: Survey of mental health and wellbeing, England, 2014. Retrieved from http://digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB21748.; Bridger, E., Strang, H., Parkinson, J., & Sherman, L. W. (2017). Intimate partner homicide in England and Wales 2011-2013: Pathways to prediction from multi-agency domestic homicide reviews. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 1(2-3), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-017-0013-z.; Bugeja, L., Dawson, M., McIntyre, S. J., & Walsh, C. (2015). Domestic/family violence death reviews: An international comparison. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(2), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838013517561.; Button, I. M., Angel, C., & Sherman, L. W. (2017). Predicting domestic homicide and serious violence in Leicestershire with intelligence records of suicidal ideation or self-harm warnings: A retrospective analysis. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 1(2-3), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-017-0009-8.; Cabinet Office. (2017). Race disparity audit: Summary findings from the ethnicity facts and figures website. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/686071/Revised_RDA_report_March_2018.pdf.; Carthy, N. L., & Taylor, R. (2018). Practitioner perspectives of domestic abuse and women over 45. European Journal of Criminology, 15(4), 503-519.; Chand, A. (2005). Do you speak English? Language barriers in child protection social work with minority ethnic families. The British Journal of Social Work, 35(6), 807-821. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch205.; Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (2015). When men murder women. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.; Dobash, R. P., Dobash, R. E., Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1992). The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence. Social Problems, 39(1), 71-91. https://doi.org/10.2307/3096914.; Hester, M., Eisenstadt, N., Jones, C., & Morgan, K. (2017) Evaluation of the Drive Project - A pilot to address high-risk perpetrators of domestic abuse Year 1 Feasibility Study. Retrieved from http://driveproject.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Evaluation-of-the-Drive-Project-Year-1-Feasibility-Study.pdf.; Hester, M., Ferrari, G., Jones, S. K., Williamson, E., Bacchus, L. J., Peters, T. J., & Feder, G. (2015). Occurrence and impact of negative behaviour, including domestic violence and abuse, in men attending UK primary care health clinics: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 5(5),e007141. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007141. Retrieved from http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/5/5/e007141.full.pdf.; Home Office. (2013). Domestic homicide reviews: Common themes identified as lessons to be learned. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2013-1881/Domestic_Homicide_Review_-_Common_themes_v2__2_.pdf.; Home Office. (2016a). Multi-agency statutory guidance for the conduct of domestic homicide reviews. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/575273/DHR-Statutory-Guidance-161206.pdf.; Home Office. (2016b). Domestic homicide reviews: Key findings from analysis of domestic homicide reviews. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/575232/HO-Domestic-Homicide-Review-Analysis-161206.pdf.; Home Office. (2018). Multi-agency statutory guidance for the conduct of domestic homicide reviews. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97881/DHR-guidance.pdf.; Howard, L. M. (2012). Domestic violence: Its relevance to psychiatry. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 18(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008110.; Humphreys, C., & Thiara, R. (2003). Neither justice nor protection: Women’s experiences of post-separation violence. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 25(3), 195-214.; Monckton-Smith, J., Szymanska, K., & Haile, S. (2017). Exploring the Relationship between Stalking and Homicide. Suzy Lamplugh Trust. Retrieved from http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4553/1/NSAW%20Report%2004.17%20-%20finalsmall.pdf.; Neville, L., & Sanders-McDonagh, E. (2014). Preventing domestic violence and abuse: Common themes and lessons learned from west midlands' DHRs. London, UK: Middlesex University London. Retrieved from http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/14418/3/final%20report%20september%202014.pdf.; ONS. (2016). Homicide: Findings from analyses based on the Homicide Index recorded by the Home Office covering different aspects of homicide. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/compendium/focusonviolentcrimeandsexualoffences/yearendingmarch2015/chapter2homicide#focus-on-domestic-homicides.; ONS. (2019a). Homicide to year ending March 2018. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/homicideinenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2018.; ONS. (2019b). Domestic abuse: Findings from the crime survey for England and Wales: Year ending March 2018. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/domesticabusefindingsfromthecrimesurveyforenglandandwales/yearendingmarch2018.; Oram, S., Trevillion, K., Khalifeh, H., Feder, G., & Howard, L. M. (2013). Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric disorder and the perpetration of partner violence. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796013000450.; Robbins, R., Banks, C., McLaughlin, H., Bellamy, C., & Thackray, D. (2016). Is domestic abuse and adult social work issue? Social Work Education, 35(2), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2016.1140733.; Sawrikar, P. (2015). How effective do families of non-English speaking background (NESB) and child protection caseworkers in Australia see the use of interpreters? A qualitative study to help inform good practice principles. Child & Family Social Work, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12088.; Sharps-Jeffrey, N., & Kelly, L. (2016). Domestic homicide review (DHR) case analysis: Report for standing together. London, UK: Standing Together and London Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://www.standingtogether.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/STADV_DHR_Report_Final.pdf.; Stanley, N., Miller, P., Richardson-Foster, H., & Thomson, G. (2011). A stop-start response: Social Services’ interventions with children and families notified following domestic violence incidents. British Journal of Social Work, 41(2), 296-313.; Stanley, N., Chantler, K., & Robbins, R. (2019). Children and domestic homicide. British Journal of Social Work, 49(1), 59-76.; Vatnar, S. K. B., Friestad, C., & Bjørkly, S. (2017). Intimate partner homicide, immigration and citizenship: Evidence from Norway 1990-2012. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 18(2), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2017.1394629.. Linking ISSN: 09660410. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Nov 07. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, c1993-</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - Aged
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Young Adult
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Mental Disorders/psychology
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - England
KW  - Wales
KW  - review*
KW  - mental health*
KW  - Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data
KW  - age*
KW  - domestic homicide*
KW  - Domestic Violence*/psychology
KW  - ethnicity*
KW  - gender*
KW  - Homicide*/psychology
KW  - Homicide*/statistics & numerical data
KW  - Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Safety in Forensic Science
AU  - Sangero, Boaz
T2  - Ohio State Law Journal
AB  - Using DNA comparisons, the Innocence Project has shown that people
are occasionally convicted based on flawed forensic science evidence.
A National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report determined many areas
of forensic science lack sufficient scientific foundation, and the forensic
science system does not function properly and must undergo significant
changes. These changes should stem from interdisciplinary thinking, a
combination of current scientific knowledge, NAS recommendations,
and the law, together with advanced safety methods. To minimize the
injustice of false convictions based on flawed forensic science evidence,
this Article recommends applying the Systems-Theoretic Accident
Model and Process (STAMP) safety model to forensic science evidence and using it in the criminal justice system in general. The Article
provides detailed implementation suggestions.

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/4aa684a4-1021-4fe4-9525-627c5e39f5b0n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
VL  - 82
SP  - 221-
UR  - https://moritzlaw.osu.edu/sites/default/files/2021-12/Online%20Vol%2082%20-%20Sangero%20%20Final%20Format.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The American racial divide in fear of the police
AU  - Pickett, Justin T.
AU  - Graham, Amanda
AU  - Cullen, Francis T.
T2  - Criminology
AB  - The mission of policing is “to protect and serve,” but recent events suggest that many Americans, and especially Black Americans, do not feel protected from the police. Understanding police-related fear is important because it may impact civilians’ health, daily lives, and policy attitudes. To examine the prevalence, sources, and consequences of both personal and altruistic fear of the police, we surveyed a nationwide sample (N = 1,150), which included comparable numbers of Black (N = 517) and White (N = 492) respondents. Most White respondents felt safe, but most Black respondents lived in fear of the police killing them and hurting their family members. Approximately half of Black respondents preferred to be robbed or burglarized than to have unprovoked contact with officers. The racial divide in fear was mediated by past experiences with police mistreatment. In turn, fear mediated the effects of race and past mistreatment on support for defunding the police and intentions to have “the talk” with family youths about the need to distrust and avoid officers. The deep American racial divide in police-related fear represents a racially disparate health crisis and a primary obstacle to law enforcement's capacity to serve all communities equitably.

 https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/53adf77b-9e76-4006-a407-819442be40fcn%40googlegroups.com
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12298
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - preprint
LA  - en
SN  - 1745-9125
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9125.12298
Y2  - 2022/01/10/16:45:57
KW  - policing
KW  - race
KW  - emotions
KW  - Black Lives Matter
KW  - legal socialization
KW  - police defunding
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why are Courts Blind to Systemic Racism?
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - A Massachusetts High Court ruling last month rejected arguments that searching a Black passenger in a car stopped for a traffic offense constituted racism. That’s like denying “wetness” in a lake because you don’t see wetness in any individual molecule of H2O, writes TCR legal affairs columnist James Doyle.
DA  - 2022/01/04/T12:30:47+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2022/01/04/why-are-courts-blind-to-systemic-racism/
Y2  - 2022/01/10/23:09:41
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Student attitudes toward the post-conviction review process in Canada
AU  - Bell, James G
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
T2  - JIJIS
AB  - This study assessed whether criminal justice students, most of whom want to work in the
criminal justice system (e.g., policing, corrections, law), differ from other university students in
relation to their attitudes toward the post-conviction review process in Canada. A closed-ended
survey was developed and administered to participants in a Canadian university. Overall,
students felt that wrongful convictions are a problem in the Canadian criminal justice system.
Although most students supported a number of specific suggestions that could potentially
improve the identification and rectification of wrongful convictions (e.g., independent review
boards), criminal justice students tended to agree more strongly than their peers. In addition,
female students tended to be more concerned about issues relating to wrongful conviction than
male students. Specific findings and possible implications are discusse
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - 7
SP  - 90
J2  - JIJIS
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Causes of wrongful conviction: Looking at student knowledge
AU  - Bell, James G
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
AU  - Ricciardelli, Rosemary
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
AB  - The current study investigates the impact of a criminal justice education on student knowledge about wrongful conviction. Past research has found fallibility of hard evidence (e.g., eyewitness misidentification), police and lawyer behaviors (e.g., tunnel vision), and social group discrimination to be underlying causes of wrongful conviction. We developed a survey to investigate student knowledge of these underlying causes, comparing participants in different years and programs of study. The findings suggest that criminal justice majors were at times more aware of the underlying causes of wrongful conviction than noncriminal justice majors, specifically in regards to the fallibility of hard evidence and social group discrimination. Criminal justice majors were not more knowledgeable in the areas of police and lawyer behavior. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the scope of criminal justice education and future careers in criminal justice.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 75
EP  - 96
J2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
SN  - 1051-1253
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Public support for preventive/corrective remedies against miscarriages of justice in capital cases
AU  - Bingham, Andrea
AU  - Cochran, John K
AU  - Boots, Denise Paquette
AU  - Heide, Kathleen M
T2  - Justice Quarterly
AB  - The present study examines public beliefs of Florida citizens about the prevalence of miscarriages of justice in their state and their level of support for various proposed remedies. The study also examines various correlates of punishment beliefs and death penalty opinions. Using a self-administered survey of venire persons called to jury duty, this study found that the public believes that the prevalence of miscarriages of justice in capital cases is quite high. The public is supportive of nearly all of the proposed remedies measured and they are willing to pay more taxes to support the implementation of such proposals. At the same time, respondents report feeling that the officials responsible for such miscarriages of justice should be severely punished. Importantly, the results show powerful evidence of broad societal consensus on each of these issues. Legal and criminal justice policy implications of these findings are offered.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SP  - 594
EP  - 618
J2  - Justice Quarterly
SN  - 0741-8825
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Public perception of wrongful conviction: Support for compensation and apologies
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
AU  - Blandisi, Isabella M
AU  - Ricciardelli, Rose
AU  - Schuller, Regina A
T2  - Alb. L. Rev.
AB  - With over 280 post-conviction DNA exonerations through Innocence Projects in the United States alone and half a dozen Commissions of Inquiry into wrongful convictions in Canada, the public may be more aware of wrongful convictions than ever before. Recent research, however, has documented the paucity of resources available post-conviction for individuals who have been wrongly convicted, the limited and financial focus of current compensation statutes, the many difficulties in obtaining compensation, and the desire of many individuals who have been wrongly convicted to receive an apology for the injustices they have suffered. To investigate public perception of compensation, face-to-face interviews were conducted with fifteen community members. Findings suggest that all interviewees believed that individuals who have been wrongly convicted should receive compensation and apologies. Many felt these individuals needed financial compensation in order to start over, and that they deserved compensation because of the time they had lost while wrongly incarcerated and the damage done to their reputations. Interviewees also felt that public apologies would positively impact the Criminal Justice System, as well as benefit the wider community. Interviewees also mentioned a number of nonfinancial forms of compensation they felt wrongly convicted individuals should receive, including employment training and assistance, housing assistance, and other services. Although most interviewees reported not knowing how much money individuals received in compensation, they felt the dollar amount should be related to particular factors, such as the length of time wrongly incarcerated, character damage, and the impact on their health. Although these findings appear positive, it is noteworthy that forty percent of the sample brought up issues of the judicially released guilty during the interviews, perhaps suggesting that they felt wrongful conviction was of equal (or lower) importance as the guilty who got away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 75
SP  - 1415
J2  - Alb. L. Rev.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - After innocence: Perceptions of individuals who have been wrongfully convicted
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
AU  - Leach, Amy‐May
T2  - Legal and Criminological Psychology
AB  - Purpose. Although it is easy to assume that individuals who have been wrongfully convicted are stigmatized, research has not systematically examined this issue. This research compares perceptions of individuals who have been wrongfully convicted to perceptions of offenders to investigate the stigma that wrongfully convicted persons report. Method. Participants were randomly assigned to complete surveys regarding their attitudes, stereotypes, and discrimination tendencies towards one of three different groups: individuals who were wrongfully convicted of a crime, actual offenders, or people in general (control). Results. Results suggested contemptuous prejudice towards offenders and wrongfully convicted persons. In comparison to the control group, individuals who had been wrongfully convicted were stereotyped more negatively, elicited more negative emotions, and were held at a greater social distance. Although participants did report greater pity for wrongfully convicted persons than others, this pity did not translate into greater assistance or support. Conclusions. Perceptions of wrongfully convicted persons appear similar to negative, stigmatized views of offenders. Individuals faced stigma and discrimination even after exoneration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 164
J2  - Legal and Criminological Psychology
SN  - 1355-3259
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stigma and wrongful conviction: All exonerees are not perceived equal
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
AU  - Leach, Amy-May
T2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
AB  - Exonerees report experiencing stigma post-incarceration. This research examined whether particular exonerees are stigmatized more than others. Participants read an article about a fictional exoneree who falsely confessed, was misidentified by an eyewitness, or was implicated by a jailhouse snitch, and then reported their perceptions. Participants in the control condition did not read an article. An exoneree who falsely confessed was more likely to be perceived as actually guilty of the crime, less competent, and less warm than the other exonerees, but participants did not express more anger or less pity toward any particular exoneree. Participants did express more pity when rating exonerees than in the control condition, but this did not translate into a greater willingness to offer the exonerees more governmental assistance (e.g., job training, psychological counseling). Exonerees who falsely confess were stigmatized more than other exonerees. The implications for the post-incarceration experiences of exonerees who falsely confess are discussed.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 172
EP  - 185
J2  - Psychology, Crime & Law
SN  - 1068-316X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrongful convictions and the Blackstone ratio: An empirical analysis of public attitudes
AU  - de Keijser, Jan W
AU  - de Lange, Evianne GM
AU  - van Wilsem, Johan A
T2  - Punishment & Society
AB  - When deciding on the issue of guilt, a judge or jury can make two types of error:
convicting an innocent person (false positive) or acquitting a guilty person (false negative). The Blackstone ratio addresses the relation between false positive and false negative verdicts. The ratio depends on how much certainty the judicial decision-maker
requires before convicting an accused.
This article describes an experimental study of Dutch community views about the
Blackstone ratio. It was hypothesized that public views on this issue may depend on
seriousness of the offence. Moreover, it is expected that providing balanced information
on the consequences of both convicting an innocent and acquitting a guilty person
would result in more deliberated and informed public judgement on the Blackstone
ratio. We manipulated both the seriousness of the crime and information about the
consequences of false positive and false negative verdicts. Findings reveal that public
reactions to the criteria for deciding upon guilt or innocence are dynamic and vary with
the seriousness of the crime. The provision of information relating to the two types of
judicial error had no significant effect on public attitudes.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 32
EP  - 49
J2  - Punishment & Society
SN  - 1462-4745
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Student attitudes toward wrongful conviction
AU  - Ricciardelli, Rosemary
AU  - Bell, James G
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
T2  - Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
AB  - Although there is considerable research addressing the factors that underlie wrongful conviction, relatively little research investigates attitudes toward wrongful conviction. To contribute to this understudied area, we surveyed first- and third-year Canadian undergraduates in criminal justice and non-criminal- justice majors to determine their attitudes toward differing facets of wrongful conviction. In particular, attitudes toward the frequency of wrongful conviction, the Blackstone ratio, the need to educate criminal justice personnel about factors that contribute to wrongful conviction, and the question of whether wrongful conviction causes individuals to lose faith in the criminal justice system were assessed. In general, participants – especially senior criminal justice students – reported attitudes that were sensitive to issues related to wrongful conviction. The implications of these findings for criminal justice personnel and the literature on wrongful conviction are discussed.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 411
EP  - 427
J2  - Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
SN  - 1707-7753
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The impact of an exonoree’s guest lecture on students’ attitudes toward wrongly convicted persons
AU  - Ricciardelli, Rosemary
AU  - Clow, Kimberley A
T2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
AB  - Although research has addressed factors underlying wrongful conviction, relatively little
research investigates how people who have been wrongly convicted are perceived by others. In
particular, we examined the impact of an exonoree speaking about his experiences on attitudes
and perceptions of wrongful conviction. To contribute to this understudied area, we surveyed
two groups of students before and after hearing a guest lecture—either a guest lecture on
wrongful conviction given by an exonoree or a guest lecture on Aboriginal issues. We assessed
attitudes toward individuals who have been wrongly convicted, attitudes regarding the role of
government in wrongful conviction, and attitudes about who is at risk of wrongful conviction. In
general, participants who heard the exonoree’s lecture reported more attitude change toward
wrongly convicted individuals in comparison to those who heard the other lecture. Our research
is situated within Goffman’s (1969) theory of stigma and implications of these findings for
exonorees and the literature on wrongful conviction are discussed.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 127
EP  - 147
J2  - Journal of Criminal Justice Education
SN  - 1051-1253
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Criminal justice policy preferences: Blackstone ratios and the veil of ignorance
AU  - Scurich, Nicholas
T2  - Stanford Law & Policy Review
AB  - Erroneous convictions or erroneous acquittals are an inevitable aspect of the criminal justice system. Jurists have historically considered errors of the former type to be more egregious, while college undergraduates seem largely indifferent between the two types of error. This article reports the results of an original empirical study that elicited criminal justice error preferences from an online sample of over five hundred adult United States citizens. Consistent with previous research, participants were asked, as a matter of policy, which type of error is worse and to what extent that type of error is worse than the other. Participants’ error preferences were then elicited beneath a Rawlsian veil of ignorance. The veil of ignorance “universalizes” judgments by forcing individuals to evaluate a policy without knowledge of how it would affect him or her personally. Thus, participants were asked whether they would personally prefer to endure the consequences of an erroneous conviction vis-à-vis an erroneous acquittal. As a policy matter, a majority of participants indicated that erroneous convictions are worse than erroneous acquittals, though there was considerable variability as to how much worse. Over 25% of participants effectively switched their preference when the implications of such a policy applied to them personally. These findings have implications for the administration of substantive law and criminal justice policy, as well as policy discussions more generally.
DA  - 2015///
PY  - 2015
VL  - 26
SP  - 23
J2  - Stanford Law & Policy Review
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Citizens’ attitudes toward wrongful convictions
AU  - Zalman, Marvin
AU  - Larson, Matthew J
AU  - Smith, Brad
T2  - Criminal Justice Review
AB  - Perhaps no problem challenges the legitimacy of the criminal justice system more than the conviction of factually innocent individuals. Numerous highly publicized exonerations that occurred since 1989 have raised the visibility of wrongful conviction, eliciting the attention of both scholars and policy makers. Much of the research in this area focuses on the causes and incidence of the phenomenon. Despite the growing body of research, however, there has been no examination of how citizens view this problem. Using data from a statewide survey of Michigan residents, the present study aims to fill that gap in the literature by reporting on citizens’ attitudes regarding the issue of wrongful conviction. Overall, the results of this exploratory study suggest that respondents not only recognize the incidence of wrongful conviction but also believe that such errors occur with some regularity. Further results show that respondents believe wrongful convictions occur frequently enough to justify major criminal justice system reform. Attitudes varied significantly across demographic groups as well. Additional findings and policy implications are discussed.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 51
EP  - 69
J2  - Criminal Justice Review
SN  - 0734-0168
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Illinois Wrongful Conviction Tab Tops $100 Million | HuffPost null
AU  - Warden, Bob
T2  - Huffington Post
AB  - The only accountability has been the taxpayers' -- perhaps deservedly so, given that it is they who have tolerated, and continue to tolerate, widespread police and prosecutorial malfeasance.
DA  - 2011/05/25/
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://www.huffpost.com/entry/illinois-wrongful-convict_b_152054
Y2  - 2022/01/21/18:15:26
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Your Tax Dollars at Work: Chicago Police Lawsuit Payments: How Much, and for What
AU  - Iris, Mark
T2  - Virginia Journal of Criminal Law
AB  - See Page 44 for wrongful conviction settlements related to police misconduct. "While the cases are few in number, they are exceptionally costly.
Those cases in U.S. district court numbered 25 with a total payment of
$60,398,059 and a mean payment of $2,415,922 /"

For reasons to be discussed later, the city chosen for this study is
Chicago, Illinois. That city’s payments for seven years will be analyzed to
assess how much has been paid to resolve police-related litigation. The
results should give the reader a fuller understanding of the toll of civil
litigation for one major police agency, what causes of action are included,
and what their relative shares of the total outlays are. This article will then
explore how Chicago’s experience may or may not be typical of other
police departments.
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 61
J2  - Va. J. Crim. L.
LA  - eng
ST  - Your Tax Dollars at Work
UR  - http://virginiajournalofcriminallaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2.1-Iris-SMW-3.31.14.pdf
Y2  - 2022/01/21/19:23:54
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - The net that should have kept Harmony Montgomery safe shredded - The Boston Globe
AU  - Abraham, Yvonne
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Our sense of justice, and our need for order, compel us to pinpoint the exact moment this poor child was let down, and to hold somebody accountable for it. Otherwise, how can we understand what happened to her? How can we make sure it won’t happen again?
DA  - 2022/01/22/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/01/22/metro/lost-daughter/
Y2  - 2022/01/25/20:45:13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Improvements in child fatality review process needed.
AU  - Anonymous
T2  - Infectious Diseases in Children
AB  - The article focuses on the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics to form child fatality review teams to better improve the child fatality review process and create effective measures to fight preventable child death.
DA  - 2010/10//
PY  - 2010
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 23
IS  - 10
SP  - 46
EP  - 46
J2  - Infectious Diseases in Children
SN  - 10449779
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 54091721; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 10, p46; Subject Term: CHILD death; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Academy of Pediatrics DUNS Number: 055399364; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - CHILD death
KW  - AMERICAN Academy of Pediatrics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child Death Review: Past, Present, and Future.
AU  - Quinton, Reade A
T2  - Academic forensic pathology
AB  - This article describes the current state of child death reviews (CDR) in the United States. The CDR process has evolved over almost 40 years from informal local meetings to a coordinated effort involving all 50 states. Child death review programs across the country vary in the level of financial and administrative support, legislation, and review processes. While there is still a long way to go in standardizing the practice between states, great strides have been made in data collection, education, and prevention initiatives.
DA  - 2017/12//
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.23907/2017.045
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 527
EP  - 535
J2  - Academic forensic pathology
SN  - 1925-3621
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=31240004&site=ehost-live
AN  - 31240004
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 31240004. Language: English. Date Revised: 20201001. Date Created: 20190627. Update Code: 20211220. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal ID: 101596736. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Acad Forensic Pathol. PubMed Central ID: PMC6474434. Linked References: Child Abuse Negl. 2002 Jun;26(6-7):619-36. (PMID: 12201158); Am J Prev Med. 2003 Jul;25(1):58-64. (PMID: 12818311); Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Apr;56(2):379-87. (PMID: 19358922); Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):522-8. (PMID: 21084072); Inj Prev. 2011 Feb;17 Suppl 1:i34-7. (PMID: 21278095); Inj Prev. 2011 Feb;17 Suppl 1:i64-70. (PMID: 21278100); Lancet. 2014 Sep 6;384(9946):894-903. (PMID: 25209489). Linking ISSN: 19253621. Subset: PubMed not MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Dec 01. Current Imprints: Publication: June 2018- : La Jolla, CA : Academic Forensic Pathology International; Original Imprints: Publication: Calgary, Alberta, Canada : Academic Forensic Pathology Incorporated</p>
KW  - Forensic pathology
KW  - Child death review
KW  - Child fatality review
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child fatality review teams.
AU  - Durfee, Michael
AU  - Parra, Juan M
AU  - Alexander, Randell
T2  - Pediatric clinics of North America
AB  - The history of child fatality review (CFR) begins with the work of Ambrose Tardieu in 1860. More than a century later, in 1978, the first team was established in Los Angeles, California. This article reviews the history of CFR, the composition of teams, and its purpose based in preventive public health. The successes of three decades and challenges for the future of CFR are discussed.
DA  - 2009/04//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.01.004
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
SP  - 379
EP  - 387
J2  - Pediatric clinics of North America
SN  - 1557-8240
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=19358922&site=ehost-live
AN  - 19358922
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 19358922. Language: English. Date Revised: 20090626. Date Created: 20090411. Date Completed: 20090529. Update Code: 20211220. Publication Type: Journal Article, Review. Journal ID: 0401126. Publication Model: Print. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Pediatr Clin North Am. Linking ISSN: 00313955. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 20090401. Current Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders; Original Imprints: Publication: Philadelphia.</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - United States
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Abuse/*prevention & control
KW  - Cause of Death*
KW  - Child Abuse/*legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Child Health Services/*organization & administration
KW  - Child Welfare/*legislation & jurisprudence
KW  - Interdisciplinary Communication*
KW  - Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards
KW  - Research Personnel/organization & administration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child Fatality Review Teams: A Content Analysis of Social Policy.
AU  - Douglas, Emily M.
AU  - McCarthy, Sean C.
T2  - Child welfare
DA  - 2011/06/05/May undefined
PY  - 2011
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
SP  - 91
EP  - 110
J2  - Child welfare
SN  - 0009-4021
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=EPTOC104627118&site=ehost-live
AN  - EPTOC104627118
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: EPTOC104627118. Language: English. Update Code: 20120113. Date of Electronic Publication: 20110501.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child maltreatment deaths in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System.
AU  - Palusci, Vincent J
AU  - Covington, Theresa M
T2  - Child abuse & neglect
AB  - Comprehensive reviews of child death are increasingly conducted throughout the world, although limited information is available about how this information is systematically used to prevent future deaths. To address this need, we used cases from 2005 to 2009 in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System to compare child and offender characteristics and to link that information with actions taken or recommended by review teams. Child, caretaker, and offender characteristics, and outcomes were compared to team responses, and findings were compared to published case series. Among 49,947 child deaths from 23 states entered into the Case Reporting System during the study period, there were 2,285 cases in which child maltreatment caused or contributed to fatality. Over one-half had neglect identified as the maltreatment, and 30% had abusive head trauma. Several child and offender characteristics were associated with specific maltreatment subtypes, and child death review teams recommended and/or planned several activities in their communities. Case characteristics were similar to those published in other reports of child maltreatment deaths. Teams implemented 109 actions or strategies after their review, and we found that aggregating information from child death reviews offers important insights into understanding and preventing future deaths. The National Child Death Review Case Reporting System contains information about a large population which confirms and expands our knowledge about child maltreatment deaths and which can be used by communities for future action. (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
DA  - 2014/01//
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.014
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 36
J2  - Child abuse & neglect
SN  - 1873-7757
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=24094272&site=ehost-live
AN  - 24094272
DB  - MEDLINE Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 24094272. Language: English. Date Revised: 20140210. Date Created: 20131008. Date Completed: 20140929. Update Code: 20211220. Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.. Journal ID: 7801702. Publication Model: Print-Electronic. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Child Abuse Negl. Linking ISSN: 01452134. Subset: MEDLINE; Grant Information: 5 U49MCOO225-09-00 United States PHS HHS Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Oct 02. Current Imprints: Publication: Oxford : Elsevier Science Inc; Original Imprints: Publication: Oxford, Elmsford, N. Y., Pergamon Press.</p>
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - United States/epidemiology
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Child
KW  - Teams
KW  - Child Abuse/prevention & control
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Child death review
KW  - Child fatality review
KW  - Child Abuse/*mortality
KW  - Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data
KW  - Fatal child abuse
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - State-by-State Analysis of Child Fatality Reporting: a 21-Year Review
AU  - Mantell, David M.
AU  - Scharlach, Kelly M.
AU  - Iyer, Saipriya K.
AU  - Chergou, Hiba M.
T2  - International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice
AB  - Online reports published by Child Fatality Review Boards (CFRBs) for all 50 of the USA across 21 years, from 1998 to 2018, were downloaded and analyzed to determine the nature of the information available to the public about the causes of child fatalities. A modified coding system based on the Life Events Checklist (LEC) system of the National Center for PTSD was used to identify contexts of children’s fatal injuries. Child death due to inflicted injury by other persons is the most frequently reported context category in the 21 years surveyed. The LEC-based system captured 80% of the published fatality context data. A lack of consensus was found among the states in regard to the kinds of information reported online, how the information is organized and presented, and the frequency of reporting. These inconsistencies encumber the development of national data trends and analyses. Individual case reports with specific details about child injury context and causation, child protection history, and child protection interventions were infrequent, and when present often highly redacted.
DA  - 2021/01/01/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1007/s42448-020-00059-1
DP  - Springer Link
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 409
EP  - 419
J2  - Int. Journal on Child Malt.
LA  - en
SN  - 2524-5244
ST  - State-by-State Analysis of Child Fatality Reporting
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-020-00059-1
Y2  - 2022/01/25/21:21:31
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The untold story of how race and incompetence doomed Anthony Broadwater to prison for Alice Sebold’s rape
AU  - Dowty, Douglas
T2  - syracuse
AB  - A series of white people in power played their parts as Syracuse's justice system railroaded a Black man for rape.

visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2142521b-c6de-432c-a739-a9a4832511b5n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2022/01/25/T11:00:17.959Z
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.syracuse.com/news/2022/01/alice-sebold-case-how-race-and-incompetence-doomed-anthony-broadwater-to-prison.html
Y2  - 2022/01/27/23:26:30
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Man Held for Five Days in Jail Over Mistaken Identity, His Lawyer Says
AU  - Diaz, Johnny
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Leonardo Silva Oliveira, 26, was arrested last week on a warrant out of Palm Beach County for a man with the same name and similar age who was wanted for probation violation charges.
DA  - 2022/01/28/
PY  - 2022
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/us/florida-man-mistaken-identity.html
Y2  - 2022/01/28/18:31:59
KW  - Fort Lauderdale (Fla)
KW  - Fugitives
KW  - Leonardo Silva Oliveira
KW  - Palm Beach County (Fla)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing and evaluating the capacity of elder abuse fatality review teams to assist victim services
AU  - Burnett, Jason
AU  - Dyer, Carmel Bitondo
AU  - Heisler, Candace J.
T2  - Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect
AB  - Fatality review teams (FRTs) have been historically helpful in identifying systemic issues that may lead to child and domestic violence deaths to improve responses, guide prevention efforts, and better serve victims. More recently, these teams have formed to address similar concerns in elder abuse matters. The American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging received an early grant to study elder abuse fatality review teams (EAFRTs) and in 2005 created its first Replication Guide. The current study reports on a subsequent national survey of EAFRTs, conducted 14 years later to identify important similarities and differences in team operations, impact and sustainability. EAFRTs are growing nationally in numbers, have positive impacts on member elder abuse and victim services knowledge, skills and confidence, but experience challenges to impact evaluability and sustainability due to low funding and membership time, turnover and commitment. Recommendations for supporting newly developing and currently functioning EAFRTs are provided.
DA  - 2021/03/15/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1080/08946566.2021.1929640
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 122
SN  - 0894-6566
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2021.1929640
Y2  - 2022/02/03/21:27:33
KW  - victim services
KW  - elder abuse
KW  - elder deaths
KW  - Fatality review teams
KW  - multidisciplinary teams
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A National Look at Elder Abuse Multidisciplinary Teams
AU  - PhD, Pamela B. Teaster
AU  - MSW, Lisa Nerenberg
AU  - MPH
AU  - MSW, Kim L. Stansbury
AU  - PhD
T2  - Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect
AB  - Elder abuse multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) include professionals from diverse disciplines who work together to review cases of elder abuse and address systemic problems. Using an e-mail survey format, the authors received information from 31 MDT coordinators across the country representing fatality review teams, financial abuse specialist teams, medically oriented teams, and “traditional” teams. The coordinators provided information on the functions their teams perform, the importance of specific functions, cases reviewed, composition of teams, policies and procedures, administration, funding, and challenges to effective functioning. Teams expressed only mild concern for breaches in confidentiality. MDTs stressed the importance of input by professionals from the legal community for successful team functioning.
DA  - 2003/07/01/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1300/J084v15n03_06
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 15
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 91
EP  - 107
SN  - 0894-6566
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v15n03_06
Y2  - 2022/02/03/21:29:02
KW  - elder abuse
KW  - coordination
KW  - fatality review
KW  - financial abuse
KW  - interdisciplinary team
KW  - Multidisciplinary team
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Elder Abuse, Neglect, and Financial Exploitation.
AU  - STIEGEL, LORI A.
T2  - Bifocal
AB  - The Commission continued its endeavors to improve the justice system's role in preventing, detecting, and remedying elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation ("elder abuse"). The Commission completed its project to enhance and evaluate the capacity of elder abuse fatality review teams (EAFRTs) to improve the delivery of services to elder abuse victims. We collaborated with Dr. Jason Burnett, an elder abuse researcher and program evaluator at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, to identify 35 teams in 13 states. [Extracted from the article]
DA  - 2019/12/11/Nov undefined
PY  - 2019
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 186
EP  - 186
J2  - Bifocal
SN  - 08881537
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142637849&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 142637849; STIEGEL, LORI A.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2019, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p186; Subject Term: ABUSE of older people; Subject Term: EXPLOITATION of humans; Subject Term: TECHNICAL information; Subject Term: OLDER people; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article</p>
KW  - EXPLOITATION of humans
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - ABUSE of older people
KW  - TECHNICAL information
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lori Stiegel (1957-2020): Unwavering Elder Justice Advocate.
AU  - Wood, Erica
T2  - Bifocal
AB  - The ABA Commission had not yet developed expertise in the emerging elder abuse field, and Lori jumped in with vigor to fill the void, quickly becoming a major player in developing its legal aspects. In 1995, with funding from the State Justice Institute, she produced Recommended Guidelines for State Courts Handling Cases Involving Elder Abuse. In 1997, Lori followed up with three model interdisciplinary curricula on elder abuse for judges and key court staff. Another creative way Lori jumpstarted action was through promoting development of elder abuse fatality review teams, a theme that spanned close to 20 years of Lori's attention. [Extracted from the article]
DA  - 2020/06/05/May undefined
PY  - 2020
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
SP  - 266
EP  - 268
J2  - Bifocal
SN  - 08881537
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=143529288&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 143529288; Wood, Erica; Source Info: May/Jun2020, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p266; Subject Term: ABUSE of older people; Subject Term: JUSTICE; Subject Term: JUDGES; Subject Term: VIOLENCE against women; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2382</p>
KW  - VIOLENCE against women
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - JUSTICE
KW  - JUDGES
KW  - ABUSE of older people
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - U.S. Department of Justice Funds Commission on Law and Aging to Enhance and Evaluate the Capacity of Elder Abuse Fatality Review Teams to Improve Victim Services.
AU  - Stiegel, Lori A.
T2  - Bifocal
AB  - The article reports that U.S. Department of Justice has funded Commission on Law and Aging to enhance and evaluate the capacity of elder abuse fatality review to improve their services. Topics discussed include awards that U.S. Department of Justice Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) made under its efforts, protocols improving services for victims of elder abuse and catalogue team documents.
DA  - 2017/12/11/Nov undefined
PY  - 2017
DP  - EBSCOhost
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 43
EP  - 43
J2  - Bifocal
SN  - 08881537
UR  - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=129258789&site=ehost-live
DB  - Academic Search Complete
N1  - <p>Accession Number: 129258789; Stiegel, Lori A.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2017, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p43; Subject Term: ABUSE of older people; Subject Term: OLDER people; Subject Term: CATALOGS; Subject Term: ELDER care; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Justice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 623311 Continuing Care Retirement Communities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 452</p>
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Justice
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - ABUSE of older people
KW  - CATALOGS
KW  - ELDER care
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - EAFRT Fact Sheets
AU  - ABA Commission on Law and Aging
AB  - Elder Abuse Fatality Review team fact sheets. 10 Key Facts. Outcomes.
This Web site is funded through cooperative agreement number 2017-VF-GX-Kl40, awarded by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.  Neither the U.S. Department of Justice nor any of its components operate, control, are responsible for, or necessarily endorse, this Web site (including, without limitation, its content, technical infrastructure, and policies, and any services or tools provided).
DA  - 2019/09//
PY  - 2019
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.americanbar.org/groups/law_aging/resources/elder_abuse/elder-abuse-fatality-review-team-projects-and-resources/eafrt-fact-sheets/
Y2  - 2022/02/03/21:51:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why Is Mississippi the Best State in Which to Be Exonerated: An Empirical Evaluation of State Statutory and Civil Compensation for the Wrongfully Convicted
AU  - Gutman, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Sun, Lingxiao
T2  - Northeastern University Law Review
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 694
EP  - 789
J2  - N.E. U. L.R.
LA  - eng
ST  - Why Is Mississippi the Best State in Which to Be Exonerated
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/norester11&i=721
Y2  - 2022/02/04/14:39:21
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An Empirical Reexamination of State Statutory Compensation for the Wrongly Convicted
AU  - Gutman, Jeffrey S.
T2  - Missouri Law Review
DA  - 2017///
PY  - 2017
DP  - HeinOnline
VL  - 82
IS  - 2
SP  - 369
EP  - 440
J2  - Mo. L. Rev.
LA  - eng
UR  - https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/molr82&i=381
Y2  - 2022/02/04/14:44:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Negotiating organisational blame to foster learning: Professionals’ perspectives about Domestic Homicide Reviews
AU  - Haines-Delmont, Alina
AU  - Bracewell, Kelly
AU  - Chantler, Khatidja
T2  - Health & Social Care in the Community
AB  - Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) are a statutory requirement in England and Wales, conducted when somebody aged 16 and over dies from violence, abuse or neglect by a relative, intimate partner or member of the same household. While key aims of DHRs are to identify recommendations and lessons learned to eventually prevent further domestic homicides, there is limited evidence globally regarding the extent to which these are followed up or make a difference. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to the conduct and impact of DHRs to enhance their learning potential. It is based on nineteen qualitative interviews with professionals involved in the DHR process across five Safeguarding Boards in Wales and fourteen Community Safety Partnerships in the North-West of England, UK. Findings are presented thematically under four section headings: upskilling and democratising the review process; family and friends’ involvement; negotiating organisational blame to foster learning; and actioning and auditing recommendations. It is suggested that organisational learning cannot be achieved without accepting organisational responsibility, which could be interpreted as blame. The role and skills of the Chair are perceived as key to ensure a safe, evidence-based, transparent and learning-focused DHR process. Developing and actioning recommendations may challenge longstanding prejudices. Promoting the role of families/survivor networks and professionals on an equal footing would support a more democratic process. Learning could be enhanced by thematising recommendations and proactively using lessons from one area to inform another. Participants called for appropriate central regulation and accountability to support the action of recommendations.
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13725
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - n/a
IS  - n/a
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2524
ST  - Negotiating organisational blame to foster learning
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hsc.13725
Y2  - 2022/02/04/16:41:41
KW  - domestic violence and abuse
KW  - domestic homicide reviews
KW  - domestic homicides
KW  - family involvement
KW  - organisational blame
KW  - recommendations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Constructing Fatality Review: A Policy Analysis of the Emergence of Domestic Homicide Reviews in England and Wales
AU  - Rowlands, James
T2  - Violence Against Women
AB  - In England and Wales, Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) examine domestic abuse-related deaths to identify lessons to be learned. However, their emergence as a policy initiative has been little considered. To address this gap, a thematic discourse analysis of policy documents to 2011 was undertaken, examining the justification for, and conceptualization of, DHRs before their implementation. It is argued that DHRs were constructed as a taken-for-granted good, through which multi-agency partners would generate learning while the (gendered) subject was silenced. Attending to aspirations, contradictions, and tensions in the emergence of DHRs has implications for their understanding and operationalization in the present.
DA  - 2021/12/23/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1177/10778012211068064
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 10778012211068064
J2  - Violence Against Women
LA  - en
SN  - 1077-8012
ST  - Constructing Fatality Review
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211068064
Y2  - 2022/02/04/16:45:03
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - New Federalism and Civil Rights Enforcement
AU  - Reinert, Alex
AU  - Schwartz, Joanna C.
AU  - Pfander, James E.
AB  - Calls for change to the infrastructure of civil rights enforcement have grown more insistent in the past several years, attracting support from a wide range of advocates; scholars; and federal, state, and local officials. Much of the attention has focused on federal-level reforms, including proposals to overrule Supreme Court doctrines that stop many civil rights lawsuits in their tracks. But state and local officials share responsibility for the enforcement of civil rights and have underappreciated powers to adopt reforms of their own. This Article evaluates a range of state and local interventions, including the adoption of state law causes of action for constitutional violations; improved local budgeting and indemnification practices; and new litigation strategies that encourage government attorneys charged with defending civil rights litigation to take better account of the significant public interest in enforcing constitutional norms. Rather than await federal reforms that may never come, the many state and local officials who have advocated for change can draw on our reform agenda to translate their professed commitments into law and policy.
CY  - Rochester, NY
DA  - 2021/02/01/
PY  - 2021
DP  - papers.ssrn.com
LA  - en
M3  - SSRN Scholarly Paper
PB  - Social Science Research Network
SN  - ID 3776882
UR  - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3776882
Y2  - 2022/02/07/17:54:50
KW  - federalism
KW  - civil rights litigation
KW  - policing
KW  - ethics
KW  - budgeting
KW  - qualified immunity
KW  - Section 1983
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Out of Prison and Broke, Wrongly Convicted Sell Their Cases (1)
AU  - Strom, Roy
T2  - Bloomberg Law
AB  - Litigation funders are turning their attention to civil rights claims brought by the wrongly convicted. Some are willing to provide exonerees as much as $1 million in upfront cash, at widely varying interest rates.

..There are two ways the wrongfully convicted can gain compensation for their time behind bars. Most states have laws providing compensation to those who can verify their innocence. Then there are civil lawsuits, a longer-shot effort to prove the conviction was the result of police misconduct. Money from outside funders often fills a financial gap between the time someone is released and when states pay up—which can take years.

Still, some people who have had convictions overturned—and their lawyers—balk at the interest rates that come with funding deals, which can be similar to those charged companies by investors funding patent or commerical disputes.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/be22f651-1164-4bad-9a4d-540ed2c3b574n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/02/02/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://news.bloomberglaw.com/business-and-practice/out-of-prison-and-broke-wrongly-convicted-turn-lawsuits-to-cash
Y2  - 2022/02/07/18:24:56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do We Really Need Another Meeting? Lessons From the Los Angeles County Elder Abuse Forensic Center
AU  - Navarro, Adria E.
AU  - Wilber, Kathleen H.
AU  - Yonashiro, Jeanine
AU  - Homeier, Diana C.
T2  - The Gerontologist
AB  - Abstract. Purpose: Elder abuse cases are often time consuming and complex, requiring interagency cooperation from a diverse array of professionals. Although mul
DA  - 2010/10/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1093/geront/gnq018
DP  - academic.oup.com
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
SP  - 702
EP  - 711
J2  - Gerontologist
LA  - en
SN  - 0016-9013
ST  - Do We Really Need Another Meeting?
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/50/5/702/558470
Y2  - 2022/02/07/20:00:44
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Do Safety Differently
AU  - Dekker, Sidney
AU  - Conklin, Todd E.
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/c709d959-5dc6-4349-98c5-29e5b6d48a3bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Amazon
L2  - https://www.amazon.com/Do-Safety-Differently-Sidney-Dekker/dp/B09RM3Z17V
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police discretion in encounters with people who use drugs: operationalizing the theory of planned behavior
AU  - del Pozo, Brandon
AU  - Sightes, Emily
AU  - Goulka, Jeremiah
AU  - Ray, Brad
AU  - Wood, Claire A.
AU  - Siddiqui, Saad
AU  - Beletsky, Leo A.
T2  - Harm Reduction Journal
AB  - Policing shapes the health risks of people who use drugs (PWUD), but little is understood about interventions that can align officer practices with PWUD health. This study deploys the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand what influences police intentions to make discretionary referrals to treatment and harm reduction resources rather than arrest on less serious charges.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/791f66d0-9d8e-4f72-9fd9-dce5608c2c01n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/12/16/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1186/s12954-021-00583-4
DP  - BioMed Central
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 132
J2  - Harm Reduction Journal
SN  - 1477-7517
ST  - Police discretion in encounters with people who use drugs
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00583-4
Y2  - 2022/02/21/20:13:19
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Improving Forensic Decision Making: a Human-Cognitive Perspective
AU  - Dror, Itiel
T2  - Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence
AB  - This CSAFE webinar was held on February 17, 2022. Presenter: Itiel Dror, PhD University College London Presentation Description: Humans play a critical role in forensic decision making. Drawing upon classic cognitive and psychological research on factors that influence and underpin expert decision making, this webinar will show the weaknesses and vulnerabilities in forensic decision making. [...]
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/e8d91bc8-29cc-47f5-a38c-654295c0a981n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/02/17/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
ST  - Improving Forensic Decision Making
UR  - https://forensicstats.org/blog/portfolio/improving-forensic-decision-making/
Y2  - 2022/02/21/20:16:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Payment Innovations To Improve Diagnostic Accuracy And Reduce Diagnostic Error
AU  - Berenson, Robert
AU  - Singh, Hardeep
T2  - Health Affairs
DA  - 2018/11//
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0714
DP  - DOI.org (Crossref)
VL  - 37
IS  - 11
SP  - 1828
EP  - 1835
J2  - Health Affairs
LA  - en
SN  - 0278-2715, 1544-5208
UR  - http://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0714
Y2  - 2022/02/23/21:51:18
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How to Let Clinicians Know They Missed a Diagnosis
AU  - Upadhyay, Divvy
AU  - Meyer, Ashley
AU  - Singh, Harddep
T2  - The Joint Commission
DA  - 2021/03/05/
PY  - 2021
LA  - en
M3  - Improvement Insights
UR  - https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/news-and-multimedia/blogs/improvement-insights/2021/03/how-to-let-clinicians-know-they-missed-a-diagnosis/
Y2  - 2022/02/23/21:51:18
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - "Excited Delirium" and Deaths in Police Custody
AU  - Physicians for Human Rights
AB  - “Excited delirium” cannot be disentangled from its racist and unscientific origins and is not a valid, independent medical or psychiatric diagnosis.
DA  - 2022/03/02/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://phr.org/our-work/resources/excited-delirium/
Y2  - 2022/03/04/18:43:26
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Judge Jackson Can ‘Reset’ the Nation’s Conversation About Justice
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - If she is appointed to the Supreme Court, Ketanji Jackson Brown has the potential to challenge the sterile dialectic about the criminal legal system, writes TCR’s legal affairs columnist.
DA  - 2022/03/07/T12:30:14+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2022/03/07/judge-jackson-can-reset-the-nations-conversation-about-justice/
Y2  - 2022/03/07/16:53:20
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Using Public Health Concepts and Metrics to Guide Policing Strategy and Practice: The Case for an Academic Center for Policing and Public Health
AU  - del Pozo, Brandon
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - The international need for innovation and reform in policing remains acute, but lacks a conceptual framework that could help guide it towards the goal of achieving public safety effectively, equitably, and with minimal collateral consequences. This article argues that policing and public health are natural conceptual partners in that both seek to reduce morbidity and mortality with broad interventions at the community level. That said, to overcome the problems that lead to recurring crises in policing—things which the medical profession would refer to as the iatrogenic harms of policing’s interventions—policing would be well-served to adopt many of the concepts and metrics of public health. One way to start this process would be to create an international center for policing and public health, which would combine research and practice in an iterative way that brings the two sectors into closer collaboration. The process could start with a series of executive sessions. Such an evolution would allow the civic leaders responsible for a community’s policing and public safety to demonstrate increased accountability by aligning measures of their success with evidence-informed endpoints that show how policing has decreased a community’s morbidity and mortality in meaningful ways, with minimized iatrogenic effects.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 141
EP  - 154
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Using Public Health Concepts and Metrics to Guide Policing Strategy and Practice
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_10
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Public safety
KW  - Evidence-based practice
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Metrics
KW  - Police reform
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Historical Public Health and Social Work Role of the Police
AU  - Middleton, John
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - This chapter describes some of the joint working between the police and the public health policymakers and services over 30 years in two local authorities of the West Midlands of England, Sandwell and Coventry. It goes on to describe some national and international work conducted by John Middleton in regard to law enforcement and public health. Joint working is essential, such as emergency preparedness, safeguarding, responses to acute mental health problems, alcohol and drugs. In other areas, police and public health have recognised a need and acted voluntarily: for example, accident prevention and domestic violence. Developing the evidence base for what works and recording the epidemiology of violence and crime are also essential, informing the actions of Community Safety Partnerships. Partnership between police and public health requires, enthusiasm, expertise, mutual respect and commitment by senior officers and frontline workers. Joint training is essential, and co-location is desirable where joint decision-making in real time is necessary as in children’s safeguarding and mental health responses. Progress in partnerships has been undermined by cuts in resources, disruptive reorganisations of services and by political indifference. In the age of pandemic and populism, it is more vital than ever that public health and police forces continue to work together and develop effective partnerships.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 15
EP  - 35
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_2
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Police
KW  - History
KW  - Social work
KW  - Administration
KW  - Communities of interest
KW  - Partnerships of necessity
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Improving Community Outcomes and Social Equity Through Leveraged Police Leadership
AU  - Taylor, Norm
AU  - Corley, Cal
AU  - McFee, Dale
AU  - Torigian, Matthew
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - This chapter examines the traditional pathways to leadership in policing that have dominated the past few decades, as well as the parallel systemic changes that have put increasing tension upon them. In departing from those traditional patterns, each contributing author offers reflections on how new trends and notable distinctions have become evident in practice over recent years. We conclude these reflections by zeroing in on three “distinguishing leadership characteristics” that most clearly depart from those past patterns, and devote each of this chapter sections to exploring the meaning, the evidence, and the significance of each. We showcase four featured profiles, none of which is limited to a single individual, but rather, permits us to examine the evidence of distinctive characteristics in action, and in the interactions among like-minded and mutually reinforcing teams. Each and every one of these teams has our unbridled respect, and our deep gratitude for their willingness to be held up to the light of our own discussions in this chapter. We close this chapter by linking back to the general fields of leadership and policing research, education and development, and offer some observations on how these fields may need to recognize and better prepare for the emergence of the distinguishing characteristics we expose, and the growing implications of the social conditions that are increasingly driving them to the surface.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 85
EP  - 109
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_7
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Courage
KW  - Leadership characteristics
KW  - Reflexion
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Defund, Dismantle, or Define
AU  - Clover, James
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Calls to defund or dismantle the police are rooted in societal frustration that law enforcement and health cannot align their respective missions. Fear and negative health consequences exist in both direct contact with police and subsequent trajectory into criminalization. Equally heard is the call for changes in the way police are utilized to respond to issues of mental health and substance use. Since the inception of “modern” democratic policing, the institution of policing has amassed a spectrum of responsibilities, some self-imposed and others the result of gaps in fulsome health servicing, even as the growing body of literature provides evidence to the influence missing social determinants of health (SDOH) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have to both social disorder and crime. Policing for the public health—public health policing—is a model that must reflect and adopt, first and foremost, the primary mission of contributing to the health and wellness needs of the community.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 37
EP  - 52
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_3
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Identity
KW  - Mission
KW  - Police role
KW  - Public health policing
KW  - Remit
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Conceptual and Practice Tensions in LEPH: Public Health Approaches to Policing and Police and Public Health Collaborations
AU  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
AU  - Clover, James
AU  - Martin, Denise
AU  - Southby, Richard F.
AU  - Crofts, Nick
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - The intersections of law enforcement and public health cover a wide range of social and medical issues. Partnerships between police and health agencies are increasingly recognised as critically important and have a long history in practice, with an evolving history of collaborations. Regardless of whether such collaborations have worked or not, this cross-sectoral approach to complex social issues is often inadequately recognised and understood: law enforcement and public health agencies have traditionally seen their roles separately despite the interdependencies between the two fields. There is now much evidence that such polarisation is erroneous. This introduction outlines the rationale and structure of the first edited collection on Law Enforcement and Public Health (LEPH) and introduces a number of complexities (here, taken as opportunities) to grow a field of research and practice that can benefit societies holistically, and for government initiatives to ensure the safety and well-being of their populations.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 3
EP  - 13
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Conceptual and Practice Tensions in LEPH
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_1
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Public health
KW  - Partnerships
KW  - Public safety
KW  - Collaborations
KW  - Problem-solving
KW  - Silos
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Law Enforcement, Public Health, and Vulnerability
AU  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
AU  - Asquith, Nicole L.
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - There is now widespread scholarly and practice agreement that vulnerability is at the very core of law enforcement and public health (LEPH) partnerships. Practitioners also agree that ‘clients’ are the same across sectors: police often encounter people who have been receiving the care of (public) health practitioners or, at the very least, been on the radar of these practitioners. Yet, legislation and policy continue to be disjointed in relation to definitions of vulnerability, when consistency in defining the problem, along with collaboration between these fields, would help disciplinary and practice collaborations in the field. As a result, siloed practices remain the norm and are quickly becoming outdated in terms of service delivery efficiency and appropriate care. This chapter will identify the reasons why seeking a better integration of practice across all sectors is a worthwhile pursuit. We argue that debates around disciplinary specificity and fenced-in budgets are to the detriment of better-targeted, holistic service delivery for vulnerable people. Collaborations across law enforcement and public health may appear costly and time-consuming in the short term; however, multidisciplinary practice can elicit significant return on investment and timely recuperation of costs in the longer term. In this chapter, we first consider the nature, and the crucial positioning of vulnerability at the centre of all LEPH collaborations. We then analyse several events that have precipitated renewed attention on vulnerability, as well as the undeniability of its universality.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 53
EP  - 63
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_4
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Vulnerable people
KW  - Service delivery
KW  - Vulnerability
KW  - Human fragility
KW  - Universal precautions
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Historical and Conceptual Issues: Community Voices
AU  - Jurman, Dan
AU  - Martin, Denise
AU  - Turner, Shelley
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - This chapter demonstrates the importance of thinking differently when approaching trauma and inequalities in any interaction that involves policing or health personnel with vulnerable individuals. Drawing on their experience as two practitioners who work extensively in the field of Law Enforcement and Public Health, the authors argue that we need to respond to multiple needs in collaborative ways. This means thinking differently and trying to appreciate the lived experience of vulnerable groups to effectively address long-term trauma and potentially challenging relationships. Through exploring experiences of working with communities to resolve trauma, Jurman outlines the potential for policy change, and Turner demonstrates the importance of adopting procedural justice, but more broadly thinking about new ways of communication as a critical way for police to engage effectively with young people. These contributions highlight the sophisticated dimension communication can take when it implies actual conversations where vulnerable people are allowed to express themes, and enter a space where they are actively heard and listened to.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 75
EP  - 82
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Historical and Conceptual Issues
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_6
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Trauma
KW  - Youth
KW  - Procedural justice
KW  - Inequalities
KW  - Language
KW  - Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Refugees: Sitting at the Nexus of Law Enforcement and Public Health
AU  - Egan-Vine, Penny
AU  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
AU  - Julian, Roberta
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Few groups struggle more, at the intersection of law enforcement and public health (LEPH), than refugees. With a significant increase internationally in numbers of refugees over recent years, debates have focused on their rights to safety and access to medical services. These discussions, while often being very heated, fail to address the mental health and social justice issues that people with refugee background face when encountering law enforcement matters, whether during their journey or after their resettlement. We will argue that a heightened fear of police can impact significantly on their ability to seek help from police or to access public health services. Over time, when unaddressed, these issues can create an avalanche of difficulties. We argue that, regardless of which country is hosting those forced to flee their country of origin, the responsibility to protect and promote the health lies in de-stigmatised and more considered responses by the whole government. So far most responses have failed to abide by the international health regulations to which most countries are signatories.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 187
EP  - 200
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Refugees
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_13
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Culture
KW  - Ethnicity
KW  - Race
KW  - Diversity
KW  - Resettlement
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Law Enforcement and Mental Health: The Missing Middle
AU  - Thomas, Stuart
AU  - White, Chris
AU  - Dougall, Nadine
AU  - Heyman, Inga
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Commonly, in the course of their duties, the police will come into contact with people who have a lived experience of mental illness. It is acknowledged that these contacts can and do happen for a wide variety of reasons and in a broad range of circumstances. Increasingly, police have found that they are responding to call outs and situations involving people experiencing distress or mental health symptoms. While there are ongoing tensions among the police, and community members, about whether this should even be considered ‘police work’ or not, the reality of this situation has required police, health and social welfare services to develop both local and organisation-level partnerships to help articulate and delineate roles, functions and professional boundaries. This chapter will consider the development and function of these partnerships as they relate to responding to mental health-related situations. We will argue that current partnerships are failing to meet the needs of the ‘missing middle’; this group represent a significant proportion of the population who have mental health-related needs but do not meet the threshold for admission to public mental health services, and for whom other community-based care and support are insufficient. We will exemplify these limitations by focussing on mental health presentations to Emergency Departments and look to pockets of innovation internationally that have sought to address what represents a significant unmet need.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 111
EP  - 123
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Law Enforcement and Mental Health
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_8
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Mental health
KW  - Partnerships
KW  - Emergency department
KW  - Mental distress
KW  - Missing middle
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Law Enforcement and Public Health Partnerships and Collaborations in Practice: Community Voices
AU  - Clover, James
AU  - Craven, Emily
AU  - Evans, Donna Maree
AU  - Helfrich, Wayne
AU  - Komar, Liz
AU  - Krinsky, Miriam Aroni
AU  - Peters, Michael
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - This chapter highlights certain overlooked terms and conditions that become established in the relationships we maintain with our clients or communities. Michael Peters highlights the importance of meeting the client or community in the space and time that are presented and not when it is only convenient or comfortable. The two case studies from South Africa, thoughtfully delivered by Evans, Craven, and Helfrich, speak to the conflict of cultures, and the necessity to explore the unintended consequences to acting within those communities without first establishing a shared and mutual agreement to the desired outcomes. Miriam Krinsky and Liz Komar’s concluding contribution provides a challenge to practitioners to explore their respective discipline’s established objectives, and measure those objectives against the global pursuit to improve the collective public health. These pieces are thoughtful, and particularly detailed around the specificities of working together, along the idea and application of shared understanding, practice, and logistics.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 155
EP  - 169
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Law Enforcement and Public Health Partnerships and Collaborations in Practice
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_11
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Policing
KW  - Culture
KW  - Harm reduction
KW  - Prosecution
KW  - Sex work
KW  - Determinants of health
KW  - Overdose Prevention Sites (OPS)
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Challenges of Sustaining Partnerships and the Diversification of Cultures
AU  - Martin, Denise
AU  - Graham, William
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Collaborative working draws together institutions and actors from different sectors, spheres, and even countries who may have different traditions, different governance structures and different values and priorities. While partnership approaches are not new and can operate successfully, there are continued challenges around sustaining partnerships in the longer term. These include short-term planning cycles, limited resources, shifting priorities and political pressures. These pressures often contribute to the re-enforcing of siloed approaches and retreatism back into organisational cultures and norms as a way of managing hurdles that these challenges raise. After developing on the Scotland model of ‘Prevention First’, this chapter examines two programmes based on initiatives focused on collaborative working to prevent crime and violence in Scotland (the Public Health Approach in Glasgow, and the Northampton Community Initiative to Reduce Violence), and then discusses the benefits of partnerships to resolve challenges faced by vulnerable communities. It also raises some of the difficulties to maintain these partnerships in the longer term.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 125
EP  - 140
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_9
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:56
KW  - Culture
KW  - Violence
KW  - Crime prevention
KW  - Partnerships
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Governance
KW  - Silo
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - First Responder Stress and Resilience as a Matter of the Public Health: A Scientific Approach to Police Commander’s Testimonial About Police Work Challenges Following Practical Implications
AU  - Edwards, Grant
AU  - Kamkar, Katy
AU  - Papazoglou, Konstantinos
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - This chapter looks into detail at the various pathways to build workplace mental health by identifying organizational modifiable risk factors and identifying protective factors and strengths for prevention, growth, and resiliency. Discussion around common mental health conditions, prevention and continuum of care, and risk factors related to moral suffering, compassion fatigue, and burnout is highlighted along with protective factors, including, for instance, resiliency, self-compassion, compassion satisfaction, and psychological flexibility. Practical strategies for leaders are offered for better organizational culture, stigma reduction, and optimizing wellbeing. This chapter brings a unique twist to current debates around mental health and wellbeing, by having the testimonial from a veteran police officer who has been responded to a myriad of critical incidents and shares his narrative of experiences and insights as a veteran police officer. This chapter concludes with the importance of optimizing mental health education, prevention, and interventions to further healthy and more proactive organizational culture and workplace mental health.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 201
EP  - 223
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - First Responder Stress and Resilience as a Matter of the Public Health
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_14
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:57
KW  - Mental health
KW  - Trauma
KW  - Stress
KW  - Injury
KW  - Responders
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: A Framework for Analysis of LEPH in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
AU  - Jardine, Melissa
AU  - van Dijk, Auke
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Approaches for protecting public safety and enhancing community wellbeing at the intersection of law enforcement and public health (LEPH) are increasingly being examined with a view to developing a theoretical framework for analysing their multiple intersections (van Dijk et al., The Lancet, 393(10168):287–294, 2019). Yet, crime, health and social ‘problems’ occur, manifest, resolve or regress in different ways in different contexts. We outline a framework identifying a number of broad variables for consideration to identify, assess and explore LEPH solutions to problems of public health and safety in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Before proposing the development of this framework to develop the various dimensions at the intersection of the LEPH in further detail, this chapter looks at three case studies focused on the topics of HIV-AIDS, abortion and COVID-19. While the focus of this chapter is on examples in the Global South, the framework also has utility in the Global North.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 225
EP  - 241
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Law Enforcement and Public Health
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_15
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:57
KW  - Crime
KW  - HIV
KW  - Health
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Low- and middle-income countries
KW  - Abortion
KW  - Global south
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Challenges and Opportunities in Educating Law Enforcement Officers: 2020 and Beyond
AU  - Southby, Richard F.
AU  - del Pozo, Brandon
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Over the past four decades, there has been rapidly growing interest in revising and expanding training and education opportunities throughout the world for law enforcement officers. Research has demonstrated that stronger links between police departments and higher education institutions result in increased professionalism in policing. Throughout this period, societal expectations of law enforcement personnel have changed and expanded. This has been accompanied, regrettably, by too many examples of police brutality in the United States. Police officers are being called upon as the “first contact” for an increasing number of societal problems, and especially for citizens experiencing mental health issues. Another factor that has harmed police–community relationships is the trend towards the “militarization” of law enforcement in many nations. Strengthening the relationships between law enforcement and tertiary education faces many challenges, including mutual distrust and high costs. Two illustrations of innovative educational programs are provided and additional opportunities for collaboration and partnerships identified as pathways towards the goal of better education for police, expanded applied research and evidence-based policing.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 65
EP  - 73
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Challenges and Opportunities in Educating Law Enforcement Officers
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_5
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:57
KW  - Law enforcement
KW  - Trust
KW  - Education
KW  - Training
KW  - Militarization
KW  - Collaborative opportunities
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Moving Beyond the War on Drugs? The Rhetoric and Reality of Harm Minimisation in Australia
AU  - Meadows, Elida
AU  - Kizimchuk, Zoe
AU  - O’Reilly, Juani
AU  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
AU  - Varney, Shirleyann
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - Aside from the issue of illegal networks and illicit markets, compelling arguments have been put forward that substance use is not primarily a law enforcement matter; rather, that at its core, this is a public health issue. For decades, significant resourcing has been directed at the enforcement of drug laws. There is now much evidence of a pronounced shift in what has historically been dubbed the ‘war on drugs’; part of that shift has focused on addressing a range of stigmas and obstacles for those attempting to access services and seek help. When discussing the role of law enforcement and public health (LEPH) in alcohol and other drug issues, there is value in exploring the issues of decriminalisation and prevention from the point of view of harm minimisation (The terms ‘harm reduction’ and ‘harm minimisation’ have a long and nuanced history. In some circles these terms refer to different concepts, and in others the terms are used interchangeably. Except for direct quotes, for the purposes of this chapter, we use the term ‘harm minimisation’ to refer to the overall practices of harm reduction as well as the Australian Drug Strategy concept of harm minimisation.). Here, we consider what evidence supports a health promotion approach to preventing harms from use of alcohol and other drugs, and to reducing costs to society, and burdens on intervening organisations. For ease of argument, we focus on drugs primarily, and explore how law enforcement and the health sector can work together to achieve these results.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 173
EP  - 186
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Moving Beyond the War on Drugs?
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_12
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:47:58
KW  - Cannabis
KW  - Harm reduction
KW  - Substance use
KW  - Drugs
KW  - Harm minimisation
KW  - Pill testing
KW  - War on drugs
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Policing Pandemics: Developing Effective Policing Responses During Health Emergencies
AU  - Roberts, Karl A.
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health: Partners for Community Safety and Wellbeing
A2  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
A2  - Clover, James
A2  - Martin, Denise
A2  - Southby, Richard F.
A2  - Crofts, Nick
AB  - The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges to governments in general and to police in particular. Police have a significant role in a nation’s response to a pandemic carrying out a range of important functions. These might include enforcing quarantine, isolation, and travel bans, providing security to medical personnel, protecting and transporting medical equipment, vaccines, and medical samples, providing advice and reassurance to the public, supporting investigations into the source of an outbreak, identifying new cases of disease or who is at risk from it. All these roles will be added to many of the usual policing duties required during a pandemic. There are however many challenges for police in responding to pandemics. They may be required to engage with agencies such as Public Health that they do not normally work with. This can cause difficulties with lack of mutual understanding of processes, policies, and practices and lack of trust between agencies. This chapter explores policing during pandemics, the challenges faced by police and potential solutions.
CY  - Cham
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DP  - Springer Link
SP  - 243
EP  - 263
LA  - en
PB  - Springer International Publishing
SN  - 978-3-030-83913-0
ST  - Policing Pandemics
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83913-0_16
Y2  - 2022/03/09/14:48:01
KW  - Policy
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Pandemic
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Practice
ER  - 

TY  - VIDEO
TI  - RaDonda Vaught Wrongful Conviction: 10 Reasons
AB  - Here is the article that I drew most of my analysis from: 
https://www.ismp.org/resources/tn-boa..

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5f96cfcb-c69e-42d2-a507-495f9da537e1n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/03/26/
PY  - 2022
DP  - YouTube
ST  - RaDonda Vaught Wrongful Conviction
UR  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=LYX62YxDr5w
Y2  - 2022/03/30/20:18:28
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Take this cash and call me in the morning - The Boston Globe
AU  - Schiff, Gordy
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Can financial prescriptions cure America’s health problems?

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/82d27fa3-715e-4cfb-8f61-d32652703d71n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/03/24/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/03/24/opinion/take-this-cash-call-me-morning/
Y2  - 2022/04/01/17:39:40
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - In nurse's trial, witness says hospital bears 'heavy' responsibility for patient death
AU  - Kelman, Brent
T2  - NPR.org
AB  - Nashville, Tenn., nurse RaDonda Vaught is on trial for reckless homicide for giving the wrong medication to a patient at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/a7b18c60-7997-4c55-ae88-46728baac21en%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/03/24/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/03/24/1088397359/in-nurses-trial-witness-says-hospital-bears-heavy-responsibility-for-patient-dea
Y2  - 2022/04/01/17:42:06
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Police Chiefs, Organizational Justice, and Body-Worn Cameras: A Key to Releasing Video Footage
AU  - Bromberg, Daniel E.
T2  - The American Review of Public Administration
AB  - This study addresses a missing link in the organizational justice literature—a police chief's trust in their officers. Most organizational and procedural justice studies examine these concepts from an officer's perspective, but fail to capture how leaders perceive their officers. Trust, however, is a relational concept, which implies there might be effects of a leader's trust in their officers. This study addresses if a police chief's level of trust in officers will affect their behavior as related to the release of body-worn camera footage. Body-worn cameras have been adopted across the United States and all over the world. However, if the footage they capture is rarely shared, cameras impact will be minimal. The findings suggest that if a chief has higher levels of trust in their officers, then the chief's willingness to release footage is increased, potentially leading to an improved relationship between law enforcement and communities.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0f0f8ee2-dd02-4748-814e-fdbd87f4c62an%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/03/07/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1177/02750740221084330
DP  - SAGE Journals
SP  - 02750740221084330
J2  - The American Review of Public Administration
LA  - en
SN  - 0275-0740
ST  - Police Chiefs, Organizational Justice, and Body-Worn Cameras
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221084330
Y2  - 2022/04/01/17:47:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Miminizing Diagnostic Error: The Importance of Feedback
AU  - Schiff, Gordy
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/314be03d-e504-41bf-91ca-cf193c684e51n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bridging the feedback gap: a sociotechnical approach to informing clinicians of patients’ subsequent clinical course and outcomes
AU  - Cifra, Christina L
AU  - Sittig, Dean F
AU  - Singh, Hardeep
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/d931c2f9-69c0-48a8-8e81-ed148c660010n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
SN  - 2044-5415
UR  - https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/topics/bridging-feedback-gap.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After 31 Years in Prison, a Man Is Freed Over ‘Mistaken Identification’
AU  - Levenson, Michael
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Prosecutors said Thomas Raynard James had the same name as a suspect, leading to his wrongful conviction for murder in 1991. His conviction was overturned.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1f550937-3103-44f4-8522-a230c2e7cfb6n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/04/27/
PY  - 2022
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/us/florida-wrongful-conviction-thomas-raynard-james.html
Y2  - 2022/04/28/20:29:07
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Witnesses
KW  - Coconut Grove (Miami, Fla)
KW  - James, Thomas Raynard
KW  - Rundle, Katherine Fernandez
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Safty Differently
AB  - We are a safety news site, crafted by professionals and enthusiasts from various industries around the globe. We share innovative and critical safety ideas to empower a community of changemakers to make an impact and do safety differently. Explore our site.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/3e9251d5-86ff-4fea-ab00-99a7619fb402n%40googlegroups.com
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://safetydifferently.com/
Y2  - 2022/04/28/20:36:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shrinking the Police Footprint
AU  - Thacher, David
T2  - Criminal Justice Ethics
AB  - The most influential agenda for progressive police reform today aims to shrink the police
footprint by reassigning many problems they currently manage to other institutions. This
paper argues that this agenda relies on faulty understanding of the police role, and that a
more promising agenda based on a better understanding is available. Police are a residual
institution, charged with managing the crises that other institutions cannot handle
adequately on their own, and it is not easy to reassign that work to anyone else. In the
course of doing it, however, they develop expertise in the nature and sources of these
crises that positions them to identify and help repair the institutional failures that
generate them. The paper illustrates these claims with case studies of the challenges
that efforts to reassign police work elsewhere have encountered and the role that police
have played in institutional repair. It concludes by considering he normative concerns
that this important aspect of the police role raises.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/fe241d04-a81d-4f8c-84ad-f480eee2746fn%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
J2  - Criminal Justice Ethics
SN  - 0731-129X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Bias Hunter
AU  - Starr, Douglas
T2  - Science Magazine
DA  - 2022/05/13/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.sciencemagazinedigital.org/sciencemagazine/13_may_2022_Main?pg=22
Y2  - 2022/05/17/15:41:39
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - RaDonda Vaught, Tenn. nurse who killed patient with wrong drug injection, sentenced to probation - The Washington Post
AU  - Bella, Timothy
T2  - The Washington Post
DA  - 2022/05/14/
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/dd694216-f54d-4589-8b27-22ebb0b6bdc8n%40googlegroups.com.
Y2  - 2022/05/17/16:43:34
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - How Mass Incarceration Makes Us All Sick | Health Affairs
AU  - Reinhart, Eric
T2  - Health Affairs
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/460378c0-38c3-4031-9f20-b645d6c210bdn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021/05/28/
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20210526.678786/
Y2  - 2022/05/17/16:46:54
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Resolution on Interrogations of Criminal Suspects
AU  - American Psychological Association
T2  - https://www.apa.org
AB  - The APA resolution in support of all custodial interviews and interrogations of felony suspects being video recorded in their entirety and with a "neutral" camera angle that focuses equally on the suspect and interrogator.
DA  - 2022/02//
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.apa.org/about/policy/interrogations
Y2  - 2022/05/17/17:16:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A case study on threat assessment: Learning critical lessons to prevent school violence.
AU  - Goodrum, Sarah
AU  - Thompson, Andrew J
AU  - Ward, Kyle C
AU  - Woodward, William
T2  - Journal of Threat Assessment and Management
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 121
J2  - Journal of Threat Assessment and Management
SN  - 2169-4850
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Let's focus on safety systems improvement, not individual blame
AU  - Fain, Barbara
T2  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - The Betsy Lehman Center is a state agency that uses communications and research working toward safer health care in Massachusetts.
DA  - 2022/04/21/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/lets-focus-on-safety-systems-improvement-not-individual-blame
Y2  - 2022/07/28/17:14:05
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Brother of man killed by police last fall petitions SJC to remove district attorney - The Boston Globe
AU  - Crimaldi, Laura
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court hasn't exercised its authority to remove an elected district attorney since 1954 when the justices found the prosecutor in Plymouth County was unfit for office.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/b5c4fc7a-4462-4f07-8d8e-fdbdf97a2c37n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2022/08/16/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/07/16/metro/brother-man-killed-by-police-last-fall-petitions-sjc-remove-district-attorney/
Y2  - 2022/07/28/17:23:42
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Convenings
AU  - Transform911
UR  - https://www.transform911.org/convenings/#blueprint-launch
Y2  - 2022/07/28/17:28:37
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Medicolegal Death Investigation Partnerships on Overdose Fatality Reviews
AU  - Forensic Technology Center of Excellence
AB  - Drug overdoses are a leading cause of death in the United
States.1 In fact, based on recently released provisional data
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
there were an estimated 100,306 drug overdose deaths in the
United States from April 2020 to April 2021.2 This was an
increase of 28.5% from the same period the prior year.2 To
combat this epidemic and help prevent future overdoses,
states, counties, and municipalities have formed multidisciplinary teams to review overdose fatality cases. These
teams serve to identify system gaps and create innovative
community-specific overdose prevention and intervention
strategies.1

The makeup of the teams vary based on jurisdiction but are
typically made up of partnerships between health departments, law enforcement, social service providers, medical examiner and corner offices, and others. These groups are commonly referred to as Overdose Fatality Review
(OFR) teams.
DA  - 2022/07//
PY  - 2022
SP  - 9
PB  - RTI International
UR  - https://forensiccoe.org/private/62e0636932468
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Just Partnerships to Enhance Overdose Fatality Review
AU  - National Institute of Justice
AB  - This fifth episode in the National Institute of Justice's (NIJ's) Just Science podcast series is an interview with Dr. Mallory O'Brien, Assistant Professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin, who discusses how partnerships can improve Overdose Fatality Reviews. Dr. O'Brien has a PhD in Epidemiology and has been a researcher with public health, community, and criminal justice partners in Milwaukee for the past 14 years. She has led the development, implementation, and expansion of the Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission (MHRC) and DataShare. Background information for the interview notes that the national Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is the only state-based reporting system for all types of violent deaths, including homicides and suicides. It pools just over 600 data elements from multiple sources into an anonymous, usable database. Dr. O'Brien has used her experience with NVDRS to improve the overdose fatality review (OFR) process. In the current interview, she discusses leveraging partnerships to improve overdose fatality reviews, their impact on communities with substance abuse problems, and the historical context that led to fatality reviews. The interview focuses on the reasons for an OFR and who should be included in providing input for the OFR report. OFR reports provide important input for communities that pertain to healthcare, drug treatment, drug prevention, family services, and drug law enforcement. The medical examiner, who determines cause of death, determines whether the death was caused by a drug overdose and the drug(s) that caused the death. Other disciplines represented in an OFR can provide background information on the decedent's recent behaviors, treatments received or not received, drug-use patterns, access to drugs, law enforcement contacts, and justice processing. The OFR report can be instrumental in preventing drug overdose fatalities through reforms in healthcare, legislation, criminal justice, drug abuse prevention, public education, and family services.
DA  - 2021/02/01/
PY  - 2021
LA  - English
M3  - Just Science Podcast
UR  - https://www.proquest.com/other-sources/just-science-podcast-partnerships-enhance/docview/2677043897/se-2?accountid=26333
L2  - https://forensiccoe.org/illicit-substance-episode5/
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2022-06-22</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2022-06-22</p>
KW  - Forensic sciences
KW  - Drug overdose
KW  - Drugs
KW  - Multidisciplinary teams
KW  - National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
KW  - Drug abuse prevention and education
KW  - Drug prevention
KW  - Forensic Technology Center for Excellence
KW  - Multidisciplinary investigative teams
KW  - NIJ Grant-related Documents
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Overdose Fatality Review Data System Guidance Version 1.0
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory E
AU  - Heimen, Mellissa
AB  - This instructional material provides guidance on the types of data that are to be included in a drug overdose fatality review that is suitable for inclusion in the Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) Data System. The OFR Data System structure, variables, and responses were developed by the OFR Data Work Group topic leads and members. An OFR team collects information from partners across multiple agencies for the purpose of understanding the circumstances leading to an overdose fatality. The ability of the team to know whether an event or circumstance occurred is limited to the information and records available to the team. The guidance provided on collecting and reporting the data includes instructions intended to increase the reliability and comprehensiveness of the information. Instruction is provided for entering data in each item of the formatted database.
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
SP  - 263
LA  - English
UR  - https://bja.ojp.gov/library/publications/overdose-fatality-review-data-system-guidance-version-10
AN  - 900614434; 255882
DB  - National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Abstracts Database
L2  - https://www.cossapresources.org/Content/Documents/Articles/OFR_Data_System_Guidance_Oct_2020.pdf
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2022-06-22</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2022-06-22</p>
KW  - Drug overdose
KW  - Drugs
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - BJA Grant-related Documents
KW  - Data collections
KW  - Death investigations
KW  - Illegal substances
KW  - Legal substances
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Understanding the Opioid Crisis Case-by-Case: Overdose Fatality Reviews in Wisconsin
A2  - O'Brien, Mallory
AB  - In this 4-minute video with accompanying transcript, Mallory O’Brien, an Assistant Professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin, discusses Wisconsin’s response to the opioid crisis through its Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) process. The OFR is a joint effort of the state’s Departments of Justice and Public Health. Under the OFR, all of the stakeholders in an overdose case share specific case information that can assist in understanding factors in the drug overdose fatality, including the events that contributed to it and actions that might have prevented it and similar cases. The focus of the reviews is missed opportunities for intervention and prevention. Reviews also are compared with a series of case reviews, so as to identify patterns and trends that should be taken into account in designing broad intervention and prevention efforts. Professor O’Brien outlines the steps a state should consider in developing a similar review process. The first step is to identify the stakeholders with responsibilities for preventing and responding to drug abuse that can lead to overdose fatalities. The second step is to bring together representatives from these stakeholder agencies to discuss the importance of cooperation and the nature and usefulness of a cooperative reviews of overdose fatality cases. Following an agreement to proceed with such an effort, the stakeholder should develop a confidentiality agreement in sharing information, protocols for selecting and reviewing cases, and a means of ensuring accountability for implementing policies and procedures agreed upon in responding to the opioid crisis in the state.
CY  - 2018 International Association of Chiefs of Police annual conference
DA  - 2018///
PY  - 2018
LA  - English
UR  - https://nij.ojp.gov/media/video/17576
L2  - https://nij.gov/multimedia/Pages/video-understanding-the-opioid-crisis-case-by-case-transcript.aspx%20https://nij.gov/publications/pages/publication-detail.aspx?ncjnumber=252934%20https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cp1YRrew61M
N1  - <p>Availability - National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Washington, DC 20531</p>
N1  - <p>Date revised - 2020-03-17</p>
N1  - <p>Last updated - 2020-03-17</p>
KW  - Interagency cooperation (04204)
KW  - NIJ Resources (60292)
KW  - Drug prevention programs (03714)
KW  - Opioids (01505)
KW  - Drug abuse (00355)
KW  - Wisconsin (55000)
KW  - Community Drug Prevention (60078)
KW  - Drug overdose (05116)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - The Killing Of Harith Augustus ← Forensic Architecture
AU  - Forensic Architechture
AB  - In collaboration with Chicago’s Invisible Institute, Forensic Architecture (FA) investigated the killing, unpacking the ‘split second’ of Augustus’ killing through six distinct temporal lenses, each of which exposes a different dimension of police violence. Taken together, these investigations raise fundamental questions about policing and race in the United States.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/2767c1a8-99ae-40a2-9bb3-caf09a63985bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2019/09/18/
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-killing-of-harith-augustus
Y2  - 2022/08/19/19:04:13
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - In the Aftermath of a Police Killing, the Justifications Begin Immediately
AU  - Kalven, Jamie
T2  - The Intercept
AB  - After Chicago police killed Harith Augustus, the question was not: What happened? It was: How do we justify what happened?

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/02265bb1-c44e-4f2c-9cdd-a4a34d6267fen%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/08/13/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://theintercept.com/2022/08/13/chicago-police-killing-bodycam-harith-augustus/
Y2  - 2022/08/19/19:07:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stop the Bleed®
AU  - Jacobs, Lenworth
AU  - Keating, Jane J.
AU  - Hunt, Richard C.
AU  - Butler, Frank K.
AU  - Pons, Peter T.
AU  - Gestring, Mark
AU  - Bulger, Eileen
AU  - Eastman, Alexander
AU  - Kerby, Jeffrey
AU  - Hashmi, Zain
AU  - Fridling, Jeremy
AU  - Inaba, Kenji
AU  - Matsushima, Kazuhide
AU  - Goralnick, Eric
AU  - Melnitchouk, Nelya
AU  - Welten, Vanessa
T2  - Current Problems in Surgery
AB  - As we look to the current conflict in Ukraine, our service members deploy to periphery Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization countries. At the same time, we see an increase in high-kinetic wounding patterns in the United States. We look to the important underrepresented topic of urologic trauma in combat casualties to prepare for the wounds of modern warfare. Genitourinary wounds are increasingly frequent and affect both military and civilian casualties; civilian urologists and deployed surgeons require proficiency in treating these wounds. We present this review of urologic trauma in Afghanistan and Iraq to inform considerations for urologic surgeons and first responders.
Inequitable experiences of community gun violence and victimization by police use of force led to nationwide calls to “reimagine public safety” in 2020. In January 2021, we examined public support among U.S. adults for 7 policy approaches to reforming policing and investing in community gun violence prevention. Using a nationally representative sample (N = 2778), with oversampling for Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and gun owners, we assessed support overall and by racial, ethnic, and gun owner subgroups. Overall, we found majority support for funding and implementing police and mental health co-responder models (66% and 76%, respectively), diversion from incarceration for people with symptoms of mental illness (72%), stronger laws to assure police accountability (72%), and funding for community-based and hospital-based gun violence prevention programs (69% and 60%, respectively). Support for redirecting funding from the police to social services was more variable (44% overall; White: 35%, Black: 60%, Hispanic: 43%). For all survey items, support was strongest among Black Americans. Gun owners overall reported lower support for public safety reforms and investments than respondents who did not own guns, but this distinction was found to be driven by White gun owners. The views of Black gun owners were indistinguishable from Black non-owners and were similar to White non-owners on most issues. These findings suggest that broad public support exists for innovative violence reduction strategies and public safety reforms.
Une prise en charge ambulatoire des embolies pulmonaires (EP) à risque faible est recommandée. Une filière ambulatoire multidisciplinaire incluant le médecin généraliste a été créée au CH de Versailles fin 2019. L'objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer la faisabilité, la sécurité et l'acceptabilité de cette filière.
Une étude de cohorte rétrospective en 2018 a évalué la faisabilité et défini les critères d'inclusion dans la filière. Ensuite, une étude prospective a inclus de 2019 à 2021 les patients consécutifs consultant aux urgences pour une EP confirmée avec scores sPESI et HESTIA à 0, troponine et NT-pro-BNP normaux, absence de dilatation ventriculaire droite à l'imagerie pour une prise en charge ambulatoire. Les EP associées à une COVID ont été exclues. Le suivi incluait 4 rendez-vous en 3 mois dont 2 avec le médecin traitant. Les évènements (décès, récidive de maladie thromboembolique, hémorragie, réhospitalisation) ont été colligés à 90 jours.
Dans l’étude rétrospective, 19 % des 138 patients avec EP vus aux urgences étaient éligibles au traitement ambulatoire. Aucune complication n'a été enregistrée au 90e jour.
Dans l’étude prospective, 313 patients consécutifs avec diagnostic d'EP aux urgences ont été inclus, 66 (21 %) étaient éligibles au traitement ambulatoire. Au total, 43 patients (14 %) ont eu une prise en charge ambulatoire (39 éligibles) et 27 éligibles au traitement ambulatoire ont été hospitalisés (92 % car infarctus pulmonaire). À 90 jours de suivi ambulatoire, il n'y a eu aucun décès, aucune récidive thromboembolique, une hospitalisation précoce pour COVID ; 3 patientes ont eu une hémorragie mineure (ménorragie sous rivaroxaban). Le taux de satisfaction des médecins traitants était de 95 %.
Cette étude confirme la faisabilité et la sécurité de notre filière de prise en charge ambulatoire des EP à risque faible, centrée sur le médecin généraliste. Elle diminue le temps de passage aux urgences, réduit les hospitalisations et renforce le lien ville-hôpital.
Outpatient treatment (OT) of patients with low-risk pulmonary embolisms (PE) is recommended. A multidisciplinary OT program including the general practitioner (GP) has been implemented at Versailles hospital in 2019. The objectives of the study were to assess the feasibility, safety and acceptability of the program.
The feasibility of, and the inclusion criteria for OT were defined from a retrospective cohort study of PE patients carried out in 2018. In the prospective study, consecutive patients consulting in the emergency department between 2019 and 2021 with confirmed PE were eligible for OT if they had sPESI and HESTIA scores equal to 0, normal troponin and NT-pro-BNP levels, and no right ventricular dilation on imaging. PEs associated with COVID were excluded. The OT program included 4 appointments within 3 months, including 2 with the GP. Events (death, recurrence of PE or venous thromboembolism, bleeding, rehospitalisation) were collected at 3-month follow-up.
In the retrospective study, 19% of the 138 PE patients seen in the emergency department were eligible for OT. No complication occurred at Day 90.
In the prospective study, 313 consecutive patients with confirmed PE in the emergency department were included, 66 (21%) were eligible for OT. Overall, 43 patients (14%) received OT (39 eligible) and 27 patients eligible for OT were hospitalised (92% because of pulmonary infarction). At 3-month follow-up, there were no death, no recurrence of thromboembolism, and one patient has been early hospitalised for COVID; 3 female patients treated with rivaroxaban had minor bleeding (heavy menstrual bleeding). The satisfaction rate of general practitioner was 95%.
This study confirms the feasibility and safety of our OT program for low-risk EP patients, centered on the general practitioner. It reduces the time spent in the emergency department, reduces hospitalisations and strengthens the city-hospital link for care.
DA  - 2022/08/06/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2022.101193
DP  - ScienceDirect
SP  - 101193
J2  - Current Problems in Surgery
LA  - en
SN  - 0011-3840
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001138402200082X
Y2  - 2022/08/19/19:10:29
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - National Survey of Criminal Justice Coordinating Councils:
AU  - National Institute of Corrections
CY  - Washington DC
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 85
PB  - US Department of Justice
UR  - https://s3.amazonaws.com/static.nicic.gov/Library/033618.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Perceptions of Criminal Justice Coordinating Councils
AU  - National Institute of Corrections
AB  - Criminal justice coordinating councils (CJCCs) emerged in the 1970s and 80s as a means for
systemic collaboration to improve the justice system. To date, however, there has been little
research on these entities. To address this knowledge gap, Justice Management Institute surveyed
CJCC members nationwide to understand what value these professionals experience through their
CJCC membership and the benefits that CJCCs bring to their jurisdictions. This publication,
developed with funding from the National Institute of Corrections, presents findings from that
survey.
Of the 489 CJCC members surveyed, most survey respondents believed that their CJCC had the
necessary membership to be effective, to improve communication and cooperation among
stakeholders and addressed significant system issues. Respondents were less likely to believe that
the CJCC improved system efficiency and stakeholder engagement, that all CJCC members
participated actively, or that CJCC member responsibilities were well defined. While most
believed the CJCC had credibility in their systems, fewer thought the CJCC influenced leadership
decisions or agency policy or practice. Over 86 percent believed their CJCC could be improved.
While not necessarily representative of the universe of CJCC members, findings here broaden our
knowledge about CJCCs and can help stakeholders determine whether a CJCC can help address
today’s most pressing criminal justice system issues.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 31
UR  - https://s3.amazonaws.com/static.nicic.gov/Library/033617.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Breonna Taylor Raid Puts Focus on Officers Who Lie for Search Warrants
AU  - Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas
AU  - Kovaleski, Serge F.
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - When warrants are based on misstated evidence or outright lies, the consequences can be disastrous. Prosecutors say that’s what happened in Ms. Taylor’s case.
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/a669f723-821f-4d4d-ad93-bb69c9e20b6dn%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2022/08/06/
PY  - 2022
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - U.S.
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/06/us/breonna-taylor-police-search-warrants.html
Y2  - 2022/08/19/19:53:39
KW  - Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings
KW  - Search and Seizure
KW  - Louisville (Ky)
KW  - Taylor, Breonna (1993-2020)
KW  - Jaynes, Joshua (Louisville, Ky, Police Officer)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why Was Joshua Held for More Than Two Years for Someone Else’s Crimes?
AU  - Kolker, Robert
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Honolulu incarcerated the wrong man for more than two years — a miscarriage of justice that shows the cruel inadequacy of America’s approach to mental health.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/b9da4e70-60cc-48ff-975e-0995154a69f0n%40googlegroups.com
DA  - 2022/07/26/
PY  - 2022
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Magazine
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/magazine/joshua-spriestersbach-wrongful-incarceration.html
Y2  - 2022/08/19/20:01:49
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - False Arrests, Convictions and Imprisonments
KW  - Homeless Persons
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - Honolulu (Hawaii)
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Spriestersbach, Joshua
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - RaDonda Vaught, medication safety, and the profession of pharmacy: Steps to improve safety and ensure justice
AU  - Lambert, Bruce L
AU  - Schiff, Gordon D
T2  - Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
AB  - The prosecution and ultimate conviction of nurse RaDonda Vaught is both a warning and a call to action for pharmacists and the profession of pharmacy. This essay outlines nine steps that should be taken to maximize patient safety and minimize the risk of criminal prosecution for harm that results from human error. These include advocating for safe practices that reduce the risk of wrong drug errors; using pharmacy professional organizations to educate prosecutors about just culture and system safety; strengthening the focus on at-risk behaviors and the normalization of deviance; training a cohort of clinicians to serve as expert witnesses for the defense; embracing communication and resolution programs as responses to unexpected harm; encouraging and supporting conservative medication use to minimize exposure to medication risks; drawing attention to production pressures and their impact on patient safety and clinician burnout; promoting proactive surveillance for adverse drug effects; and standing in solidarity with other health professions, especially nursing.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9a98da68-5aa6-4e7f-a570-cd03fbd07a91n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
J2  - Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
SN  - 2574-9870
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Fear of Rampant Crime Is Derailing New York City’s Recovery
AU  - Akinnibi, Fola
AU  - Wahid, Raeedah
T2  - Bloomberg.com
AB  - The perception of crime outweighs the reality of the numbers.


https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/3673de38-e049-4375-b471-20854fbb0313n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/08/29/
PY  - 2022
DP  - www.bloomberg.com
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-is-nyc-safe-crime-stat-reality/
Y2  - 2022/08/19/20:49:47
KW  - crime
KW  - gun violence
KW  - Bloomberg Graphics
KW  - eric adams
KW  - graphic
KW  - new york
KW  - new york city
KW  - nyc
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Preventing Domestic Abuse Related Homicides and Suicides: Learning Lessons from ‘near-miss’ cases
AU  - Monckton-Smith, Jane
AU  - Ash, Daniel P
AU  - Haile, Sue
AU  - Bellussi, Laura
DA  - 2022/08/01/
PY  - 2022
M3  - Project Report.
PB  - University of Gloucestershire.
UR  - https://eprints.glos.ac.uk/11360/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leveraging Body-Worn Camera Footage to Better Understand Opioid Overdoses and the Impact of Police-Administered Naloxone
AU  - White, Michael D.
AU  - Watts, Seth
AU  - Orosco, Carlena
AU  - Perrone, Dina
AU  - Malm, Aili
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
AB  - Objectives. To investigate what transpires at opioid overdoses where police administer naloxone and to identify the frequency with which concerns about police-administered naloxone are observed. Methods. We reviewed body-worn camera (BWC) footage of all incidents where a Tempe, Arizona police officer administered naloxone or was present when the Tempe Fire Medical Rescue (TFMR) administered it, from February 3, 2020 to May 7, 2021 (n = 168). We devised a detailed coding instrument and employed univariate and bivariate analysis to examine the frequency of concerns regarding police-administered naloxone. Results. Police arrived on scene before the TFMR in 73.7% of cases. In 88.6% of calls the individual was unconscious when police arrived, but 94.6% survived the overdose. The primary concerns about police-administered naloxone were rarely observed. There were no cases of improper naloxone administration or accidental opioid exposure to an officer. Aggression toward police from an overdose survivor rarely occurred (3.6%), and arrests of survivors (3.6%) and others on scene (1.2%) were infrequent. Conclusions. BWC footage provides a unique window into opioid overdoses. In Tempe, the concerns over police-administered naloxone are overstated. If results are similar elsewhere, those concerns are barriers that must be removed. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(9):1326–1332. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306918)
DA  - 2022/07/21/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.2105/AJPH.2022.306918
DP  - ajph.aphapublications.org (Atypon)
VL  - 112
IS  - 9
SP  - 1326
EP  - 1332
J2  - Am J Public Health
SN  - 0090-0036
UR  - https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306918
Y2  - 2022/08/19/20:56:02
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - ‘That Nurse Should Be Alive’: How Police Delays Left a Suspect at Large
AU  - Southall, Ashley
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The New York Police Department let a suspect in a Brooklyn rape case slip through its grasp. A month later he was arrested in connection with the murder of a nurse in Queens.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/838e5fa1-7aa9-4523-99fa-492598d758abn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/09/03/
PY  - 2022
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
ST  - ‘That Nurse Should Be Alive’
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/03/nyregion/rape-case-delay-murder.html
Y2  - 2022/09/06/19:00:26
KW  - Murders, Attempted Murders and Homicides
KW  - Police Department (NYC)
KW  - Sex Crimes
KW  - Police
KW  - Shortages
KW  - Drayton, Danueal
KW  - Gowanus (Brooklyn, NY)
KW  - Stewart, Samantha (d 2018)
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Why 911 dispatch is critical to the Uvalde shooting investigation
AU  - Gillooly, Jessica
T2  - The Hill
AB  - The actions of 911 call-takers and dispatchers often are ignored in the aftermath of critical incidents yet impact entire incident trajectories.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/835d1313-3334-44c4-8231-f129c4fcfc7bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/06/04/T15:00:00+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thehill.com/opinion/criminal-justice/3511188-why-911-dispatchers-are-critical-to-the-uvalde-shooting-investigation/
Y2  - 2022/09/07/15:41:10
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Preventing the Next Mass Shooting
AU  - Karchmer, Cliff
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - If the nation wants to restrict access to assault rifles and other firearms, a toolkit of existing laws and resources is already available to authorities, writes Clifford Karchmer, who served as assistant project coordinator on a RAND study of mass shootings released this week.
DA  - 2022/06/02/T11:30:59+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2022/06/02/preventing-the-next-mass-shooting/
Y2  - 2022/09/07/15:50:43
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Why Do We Keep Missing Potential Teen Shooters?
AU  - Straub, Frank G
AU  - Ley, Alyse
AU  - Wicks, Sammie
T2  - The Crime Report
AB  - In too many communities, too many high-risk/high-need individuals fall into the “cracks” between the education, mental health and criminal justice systems, write experts at Michigan’s Center for Targeted Violence Prevention.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/7d043a54-23cf-4cc5-ab68-b418136db5d5n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/06/01/T11:30:49+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://thecrimereport.org/2022/06/01/why-do-we-keep-missing-potential-teen-shooters/
Y2  - 2022/09/07/15:52:05
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - 911 dispatcher may be fired over handling of Buffalo shooting call - The Boston Globe
AU  - Shanahan, Ed
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - An emergency services dispatcher in Buffalo, New York, could be fired after being accused by a supermarket employee of hanging up on a 911 call during a racist shooting rampage at the store last week.
DA  - 2022/05/18/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/05/18/nation/911-dispatcher-may-be-fired-over-handling-buffalo-shooting-call/
Y2  - 2022/09/07/16:43:18
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Special Issues in Law Enforcement and Public Health: Community Voices
AU  - Bartkowiak-Théron, Isabelle
AU  - Billett, Murray
AU  - David, Franck
AU  - Diamond, Emily
AU  - Jones, Daniel J
AU  - Young, Lesslie
T2  - Law Enforcement and Public Health
AB  - Book cover
Law Enforcement and Public Health pp 265–276Cite as

Special Issues in Law Enforcement and Public Health: Community Voices
Isabelle Bartkowiak-Théron, Murray Billett, Franck David, Emily Diamond, Daniel J. Jones & Lesslie Young 
Chapter
First Online: 03 March 2022
186 Accesses

Abstract
This community voices chapter highlights the extraordinary complexities of navigating vulnerability in a professional capacity. One concern for editors was to engage readers in a broader conversation about sometimes obscured types of vulnerabilities which though remain relevant to LEPH collaborations. These diverse forms of vulnerability are not new at all, but the discussion of relevance to the policing and to the LEPH fields are developing. This chapter therefore provides five crucial contributions to the field. Jones discusses how vulnerability and trauma can transfer on a police officer, but how such can be turned to strength. Billett analyses the social and normative barriers faced by minorities, in accessing services, as well as in their everyday lives. His contribution navigates the heavily stigmatized structures that have shaped identities, or lead some individuals to hide those identities. Franck David paints a picture of the price one pays when disability is ignored or when support services are not provided to a person. Emily Diamond provides an essential commentary on autism, and her piece is a much needed and timely addition to the topic of neurodiversity in the field of policing. Along the same line, epilepsy is often absent from policing discourses, and yet Lesslie Young’s work provides insight on how crucial it is for practitioners to be prepared in that area.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 265
EP  - 276
PB  - Springer
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Transforming the police: Thirteen key reforms
AU  - Katz, Charles M
AU  - Maguire, Edward R
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
PB  - Waveland Press
SN  - 1-4786-4042-1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sharing Information to Promote a Culture of Safety
AU  - Goodrum, Sarah
AU  - Woodward, William
AU  - Thompson, Andrew J.
T2  - NASSP Bulletin
AB  - Much of the research on school shootings emphasizes the need for peers, not school officials, to share information about students of concern. This qualitative case study examined the information school officials had prior to a school shooting, which left two students dead. The data came from school officials’ deposition testimony and school records and revealed problems with information sharing and Federal Educational Rights Privacy Act interpretation prior to the shooting. Adaptive leadership strategies may allow school officials to build a culture of safety.
DA  - 2017/09/01/
PY  - 2017
DO  - 10.1177/0192636517727347
DP  - SAGE Journals
VL  - 101
IS  - 3
SP  - 215
EP  - 240
J2  - NASSP Bulletin
LA  - en
SN  - 0192-6365
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636517727347
Y2  - 2022/09/07/20:12:06
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents.
AU  - PS NET
T2  - PS Net
AB  - Written 7 years after the publication of Human Error, this book demonstrates Reason's thinking at its finest and illustrates many of the key concepts that ultimately formed the core of the patient safety movement. Much of Lucian Leape's work in Error in Medicine involved translating Reason's concepts into health care applications.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
LA  - en
UR  - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/managing-risks-organizational-accidents
Y2  - 2022/09/07/20:24:20
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Insurers force change on police departments long resistant to it
AU  - Kindy, Kimberly
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Insurance companies are successfully dictating reforms in police departments, a movement driven by the large settlements out of use-of-force cases.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/f040666d-2cbf-447e-83fa-654eb05aaee6n%40googlegroups.com.
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2022/police-misconduct-insurance-settlements-reform/
Y2  - 2022/09/15/13:25:21
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - They Can’t Quit Recidivism A New Vision for Evaluating Community Safety Work
AU  - Boswell, Suzanne
AB  - Concentrating on standard criminal justice
data points led to these evaluations missing what
would become the signature impacts of the Justice
Center. A decade after those evaluations, the Justice
Center has become a major force for community
safety in Brownsville.7
 In 2020 alone, it helped six
new businesses launch, invested nearly a million
dollars into local Black-owned businesses, provided
more than 350 people with civil legal services, and
distributed more than 1,750 boxes of COVID-19
supplies to residents.8



https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/d7b83a74-35bc-4899-88cd-2a5739abe01en%40googlegroups.com.
CY  - New York, NY
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 13
PB  - Center for Court Innovation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Overdose Response Strategy: Reducing Drug Overdose Deaths Through Strategic Partnership Between Public Health and Public Safety
AU  - Wolff, Jessica
AU  - Gitukui, Stephanie
AU  - O'Brien, Mallory
AU  - Mital, Sasha
AU  - Noonan, Rita K.
T2  - Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
AB  - Context: 
        Public health and public safety collaborations can strengthen and improve efforts to address the worsening drug overdose crisis.
        Program: 
        The Overdose Response Strategy is addressing this need through a national public health and public safety program designed to foster the cross-sector sharing of timely data, pertinent intelligence, and evidence-based and innovative strategies to prevent and respond to drug overdose.
        Implementation: 
        Since 2015, the Overdose Response Strategy has been implemented by state-based public health and public safety teams who work together to prevent and respond to drug overdoses within and across sectors, states, and territories. The public health and public safety teams share data systems to inform rapid and effective community overdose prevention efforts; support immediate, evidence-based response efforts that can directly reduce overdose deaths; design and use promising strategies at the intersection of public health and public safety; and use effective and efficient primary prevention strategies that can reduce substance use and overdose long term. Implementation of the Overdose Response Strategy aligns with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Strategic Partnering Framework.
        Evaluation: 
        The evaluation of the Overdose Response Strategy, which is currently underway, is based on 2 evaluation approaches: Collective Impact and Organizational Network Analysis. These approaches provide a way to look at the strength of the relationship between public health and public safety and the way the relationship is leveraged to advance program goals and objectives.
        Discussion: 
        The Overdose Response Strategy serves as a strategic partnership model that can potentially be applied to other issues, such as gun violence, that may benefit from public health and public safety collaboration.
DA  - 2022/12//November
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001580
DP  - journals.lww.com
VL  - 28
IS  - Supplement 6
SP  - S359
LA  - en-US
SN  - 1078-4659
ST  - The Overdose Response Strategy
UR  - https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/Fulltext/2022/11001/The_Overdose_Response_Strategy__Reducing_Drug.17.aspx
Y2  - 2022/10/11/15:15:44
L2  - https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/Fulltext/2022/11001/The_Overdose_Response_Strategy__Reducing_Drug.17.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - The maddening irrelevance of Charlie Vaughn's innocence
AU  - Balko, Radley
T2  - Radley Balko
AB  - A severely intellectually disabled man has spent more than 30 years in an Arkansas prison. The system doesn't care if he's actually guilty.
DA  - 2022/10/05/
PY  - 2022
M3  - Substack newsletter
UR  - https://radleybalko.substack.com/p/the-maddening-irrelevance-of-charlie
Y2  - 2022/10/12/17:20:48
L2  - https://radleybalko.substack.com/p/the-maddening-irrelevance-of-charlie
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A trauma-informed approach to understanding firearm decision-making among Black adolescents: Implications for prevention
AU  - Gaylord-Harden, Noni K.
AU  - Alli, Jasmine
AU  - Davis-Stober, Clintin P.
AU  - Henderson, Howard
T2  - Preventive Medicine
AB  - Firearm violence remains a public health crisis in marginalized, urban communities, with Black adolescents bearing the burden of firearm homicides and injuries. As such, the prevention of firearm violence among adolescents has moved to a high priority of the U.S. public health agenda. The current paper reviews recent literature to highlight the heterogeneity in firearm behavior among Black adolescents and underscore the need for additional research on decision-making and firearm behavior to better understand how adolescents make decisions to acquire, carry, and use firearms. Through a discussion of the disproportionate levels of trauma exposure and trauma symptoms experienced by Black adolescents, the current paper also proposes a trauma-informed approach to understanding decision-making for risky firearm behavior. We discuss the broader impacts of this approach, including the development of a more comprehensive and contextually relevant understanding of the variability in risky firearm behavior and improvements in risk screening capabilities and preventive intervention strategies.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/df3dfaa7-05ee-4654-9c17-6725a1d8b9ean%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/10/15/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107305
DP  - ScienceDirect
SP  - 107305
J2  - Preventive Medicine
LA  - en
SN  - 0091-7435
ST  - A trauma-informed approach to understanding firearm decision-making among Black adolescents
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743522003541
Y2  - 2022/10/31/16:21:03
L2  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091743522003541
KW  - PTSD
KW  - Community violence exposure
KW  - Firearm violence
KW  - Black adolescents
KW  - Trauma exposure
KW  - Trauma symptoms
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measuring base-rate bias error in workplace safety investigators
AU  - MacLean, Carla L.
AU  - Dror, Itiel E.
T2  - Journal of Safety Research
AB  - Introduction: This study explored the magnitude of professional industrial investigators’ bias to attribute cause to a person more readily than to situational factors (i.e., human error bias). Such biased opinions may relieve companies from responsibilities and liability, as well as compromise efficacy of suggested preventative measures. Method: Professional investigators and undergraduate participants were given a summary of a workplace event and asked to allocate cause to the factors they found causal for the event. The summary was crafted to be objectively balanced in its implication of cause equally between two factors: a worker and a tire. Participants then rated their confidence and the objectivity of their judgment. We then conducted an effect size analysis, which supplemented the findings from our experiment with two previously published research studies that used the same event summary. Results: Professionals exhibited a human error bias, but nevertheless believed that they were objective and confident in their conclusions. The lay control group also showed this human error bias. These data, along with previous research data, revealed that, given the equivalent investigative circumstances, this bias was significantly larger with the professional investigators, with an effect size of dunb = 0.97, than the control group with an effect size of only dunb = 0.32. Conclusions: The direction and strength of the human error bias can be quantified, and is shown to be larger in professional investigators compared to lay people. Practical Applications: Understanding the strength and direction of bias is a crucial step in mitigating the effects of the bias. The results of the current research demonstrate that mitigation strategies such as proper investigator training, a strong investigation culture, and standardized techniques, are potentially promising interventions to mitigate human error bias.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/e1eec300-a9fd-4e10-a33f-bdcd6b4d4e60n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/10/28/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.012
DP  - ScienceDirect
J2  - Journal of Safety Research
LA  - en
SN  - 0022-4375
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022437522001657
Y2  - 2022/11/01/15:54:26
L2  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022437522001657
KW  - Cognitive bias
KW  - Expert decision making
KW  - Context effects
KW  - Human error bias
KW  - Industrial incident investigation
KW  - Investigators
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rebuilding trust in just culture
AU  - Paradiso, Linda
T2  - Nursing Management
AB  - Even before RaDonda Vaught was found guilty of criminally negligent homicide, nurses were fearful of being held individually accountable for systemic errors. Leaders are now faced with repairing the loss of faith in just culture. This article provides an understanding of the erosion of just culture and interventions needed to improve trust.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/273c19d3-d703-4e15-b0b3-7123de72a889n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/11//
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000891456.44611.10
DP  - journals.lww.com
VL  - 53
IS  - 11
SP  - 6
EP  - 14
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0744-6314
UR  - https://journals.lww.com/nursingmanagement/Fulltext/2022/11000/Rebuilding_trust_in_just_culture.2.aspx
Y2  - 2022/11/01/16:00:12
L2  - https://journals.lww.com/nursingmanagement/Fulltext/2022/11000/Rebuilding_trust_in_just_culture.2.aspx
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><h3 id="JCL3"><strong><em><span style="color: rgb(53, 53, 53)"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">The incident investigation process</span></span></em></strong></h3>
<p style="text-align: left"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">Root cause analysis (RCA), as part of the incident investigation process, is widely used in healthcare. As identified by the AHRQ, it's an error analysis tool used to identify systems issues that lead to unwanted events, and it avoids focusing on individual mistakes.</span></span><strong><sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 91, 146)"><span style="background-color: transparent">14</span></span></sup></strong> The RCA goal is to identify and eliminate the contributing factor from a mistake and reduce the likelihood that another event can occur. TJC, which accredits more than 22,000 healthcare organizations and programs throughout the country, has mandated the use of RCA investigations since 1995 to analyze serious incidents in an effort to create an atmosphere of change and improve patient safety.<strong><sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 91, 146)"><span style="background-color: transparent">15</span></span></sup></strong> Kellogg and colleagues noted that solutions identified during RCAs rarely included robust systemic correction or redesign of a process, which are more likely to result in sustained change. Most often, solutions focused on attempts to fix individuals. This study found that the most common outcomes for improvement following an RCA were training and policy reinforcement.<strong><sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 91, 146)"><span style="background-color: transparent">16</span></span></sup></strong> Researchers haven't rigorously studied the RCA process and its effectiveness, and the lack of improvement in medical error may be due to this method being unsuccessful at sustaining change.<strong><sup><span style="color: rgb(0, 91, 146)"><span style="background-color: transparent">16</span></span></sup></strong></p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Suffolk prosecutor suspended as wrongly convicted man alleges misconduct - The Boston Globe
AU  - Ryan, Andrew
T2  - BostonGlobe.com
AB  - Robert Foxworth, who was exonerated in 2021, served an additional nine years in prison after prosecutor Mark Lee learned in 2007 from a federal informant that Foxworth was innocent, according to a complaint filed Thursday with the Board of Bar Overseers.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/1bc3d106-026a-45ec-8a58-9644b02079c2n%40googlegroups.com.
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/11/04/metro/suffolk-prosecutor-suspended-wrongly-convicted-man-alleges-misconduct/
Y2  - 2022/11/07/16:35:09
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/11/04/metro/suffolk-prosecutor-suspended-wrongly-convicted-man-alleges-misconduct/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - “I am doing my part, you are doing your part”: the sworn-civilian divide in police dispatching
AU  - Orosco, Carlena
AU  - Gaub, Janne E.
T2  - Policing: An International Journal
AB  - Purpose While police culture typically refers to the culture among sworn police personnel, there are internal cultural differences between subgroups. This has been documented among sworn personnel, such as the difference between street cops and management cops (Reuss-Ianni, 1983). The divide between professional and sworn staff in a law enforcement context has also been discussed at length (Maguire, 1997; Reiss, 1992), specifically the “us versus them” mentality that stems from feelings of isolation among professional and sworn staff. The relationship between dispatchers and officers is vital to public and officer safety; it is imperative that cultural barriers preventing effective collaboration between two of the most critical components of policing are identified, and recommendations to bridge the gap are provided. Design/methodology/approach The authors use semi-structured interview data from a sample of peer-nominated top dispatch de-escalators (TDDs) considered highly skilled at de-escalation with callers and officers. Reflexive coding techniques were used to identify key themes in an area largely unexamined by research. Findings The authors find that the police culture creates friction between sworn officers and dispatchers in a number of contexts. This diminishes organizational commitment and increases burnout and frustration. Practical implications There are several policy recommendations for both communications centers and sworn staff to foster understanding and increase collaboration, all of which may result in improved outcomes for community members, dispatchers and officers. Originality/value The authors use qualitative methods to explore the implications of the sworn-civilian divide for police practice, such as more effective de-escalation and incident resolution, as well as the conceptualization of police culture writ large.

 https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/BL3PR01MB7010E47C2265EB3321D85B7B96069%40BL3PR01MB7010.prod.exchangelabs.com
DA  - 2022/01/01/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2022-0090
DP  - Emerald Insight
VL  - ahead-of-print
IS  - ahead-of-print
SN  - 1363-951X
ST  - “I am doing my part, you are doing your part”
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2022-0090
Y2  - 2022/11/17/20:59:39
L2  - https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2022-0090/full/html
KW  - Policing
KW  - Qualitative research
KW  - Police culture
KW  - Dispatch
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - City and SPD leadership failures amplified CHOP dangers, report says
AU  - Carter
T2  - The Seattle Times
AB  - The report is the third in a series of reviews of the Seattle Police Department's response to the racial unrest following George Floyd's murder in Minneapolis.
DA  - 2022/10/12/06:00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/law-justice/city-and-spd-leadership-failures-amplified-chop-dangers-report-says/
Y2  - 2022/11/17/21:03:04
L2  - https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/law-justice/city-and-spd-leadership-failures-amplified-chop-dangers-report-says/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making it safe: the effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams
AU  - Nembhard, Ingrid M.
AU  - Edmondson, Amy C.
T2  - Journal of Organizational Behavior
AB  - This paper introduces the construct of leader inclusiveness—words and deeds exhibited by leaders that invite and appreciate others' contributions. We propose that leader inclusiveness helps cross-disciplinary teams overcome the inhibiting effects of status differences, allowing members to collaborate in process improvement. The existence of a professional hierarchy in medicine and the differential status accorded to those in different disciplines is well established in the health care literature, as is the need for quality improvement. We build on this foundation to suggest that profession-derived status is positively associated with psychological safety (H1)—a key antecedent of speaking up and learning behavior—in health care teams. We hypothesize that this effect varies across teams (H2), and furthermore, that leader inclusiveness predicts psychological safety (H3) and moderates the relationship between status and psychological safety (H4). Finally, we suggest psychological safety predicts engagement in quality improvement work (H5) and mediates the relationship between leader inclusiveness and engagement (H6). Survey data collected in 23 neonatal intensive care units involved in quality improvement projects support our hypotheses. These results provide insight into antecedents of and strategies for fostering improvement efforts in health care and other sectors in which cross-disciplinary teams engage in collaborative learning to improve products or services. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1002/job.413
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 27
IS  - 7
SP  - 941
EP  - 966
LA  - en
SN  - 1099-1379
ST  - Making it safe
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/job.413
Y2  - 2022/11/18/19:38:52
L2  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/job.413
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Understanding the Problem
T2  - Reimaging Public Safety
CY  - The Policing Project
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1
PB  - New York University
UR  - https://www.safetyreimagined.org/
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Cause of death: Washington faltered as fentanyl gripped America
AU  - Miroff, Nick
AU  - Higham, Scott
AU  - Rich, Steven
AU  - Georges, Salwan
AU  - O'Connor, Erin Patrick
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - Fentanyl presented the biggest challenge of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s 50-year history. It faltered, according to former agents and DEA officials.
LA  - en
ST  - Cause of death
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2022/dea-fentanyl-failure/
Y2  - 2022/12/13/16:58:03
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2022/dea-fentanyl-failure/?itid=hp-top-table-main_p001_f001
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Before and after Sandy Hook: 40 years of elementary school shooting survivors
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - On the 10th anniversary of the Sandy Hook massacre, four survivors of elementary school shootings, ages 52 to 10, talk about what it’s done to them.
DA  - 2022/12/11/T11:00:13.267Z
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
ST  - Before and after Sandy Hook
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/12/11/elementary-school-shootings-sandy-hook-uvalde/
Y2  - 2022/12/13/18:31:23
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/12/11/elementary-school-shootings-sandy-hook-uvalde/?pwapi_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWJpZCI6IjQ4MzQ2ODAwIiwicmVhc29uIjoiZ2lmdCIsIm5iZiI6MTY3MDg0OTE2NiwiaXNzIjoic3Vic2NyaXB0aW9ucyIsImV4cCI6MTY3MjA1ODc2NiwiaWF0IjoxNjcwODQ5MTY2LCJqdGkiOiI3NDYyN2E4Yy03MDBlLTQ1ZmQtOThkYy01ZDYwM2FjZTc3OWMiLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczovL3d3dy53YXNoaW5ndG9ucG9zdC5jb20vZGMtbWQtdmEvMjAyMi8xMi8xMS9lbGVtZW50YXJ5LXNjaG9vbC1zaG9vdGluZ3Mtc2FuZHktaG9vay11dmFsZGUvIn0.F6Fca4UFaOzQ_DUUJVsvr3k89CDQ0-H3kBHbepri964&utm_campaign=83f5c8a3ec-trace_daily_2022_12_12_02_27&utm_medium=email&utm_source=The+Trace+mailing+list
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Q&A: Bob Hanscom on learning from malpractice data, partnering with...
AU  - Hanscom, Bob
T2  - Betsy Lehman Center
AB  - The Betsy Lehman Center is a state agency that uses communications and research working toward safer health care in Massachusetts.
DA  - 2022/09/14/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
ST  - Q&A
UR  - https://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/q-a-bob-hanscom-on-learning-from-malpractice-data-partnering-with-clinicians-and-the-future-of-patient-safety
Y2  - 2022/12/15/15:38:09
L2  - https://betsylehmancenterma.gov/news/q-a-bob-hanscom-on-learning-from-malpractice-data-partnering-with-clinicians-and-the-future-of-patient-safety?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=dec-2022-psb--
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vaughan, Diane: The normalization of deviance
AU  - Kramer, Ronald C
T2  - Encyclopedia of criminological theory
A2  - Cullen, Francis T.
A2  - Wilcox, Pamela
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 977
EP  - 979
J2  - Encyclopedia of criminological theory
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - They Called 911 for Help. Police and Prosecutors Used a New Junk Science to Decide They Were Liars.
AU  - Murphy, Brett
T2  - ProPublica
AB  - Tracing the fallacy of 911 call analysis through the justice system, from Quantico to the courtroom.

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/39cdfedb-25e7-47b6-93e5-4da5fa72cadfn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/12/28/
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.propublica.org/article/911-call-analysis-fbi-police-courts
Y2  - 2022/12/29/14:41:59
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/911-call-analysis-fbi-police-courts
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Legal system v. Eyewitness: The jury is still out on who is better able to reduce eyewitness error (variance)
AU  - Colloff, Melissa F.
AU  - Wilson, Brent M.
AU  - Flowe, Heather D.
T2  - Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
AB  - Comments on an article by Neil Brewer and James Doyle (see record 2021-19175-001). Brewer and colleagues have introduced and researched a confidence identification procedure wherein witnesses rate how confident they are that each person in the lineup is the culprit (Brewer et al., 2012, 2020; Sauer et al., 2008, 2012). The goal is to determine the likely guilt or innocence of the suspect using confidence ratings, which ostensibly measure the degree of match between each lineup face and the witness’s memory of the culprit. The approach seeks to increase the information that can be collected from witnesses over the categorical decision (suspect ID, filler ID, lineup rejection) witnesses make in a traditional lineup procedure. The commenting authors agree with Brewer and Doyle (2021) that there are intuitive benefits of maximizing the information that can be collected from eyewitnesses. Here, we outline two key steps that we deem to be critical before the procedure is considered for implementation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6e12647b-4c36-400c-8f9d-86412f81bbe7n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.04.001
DP  - APA PsycNet
VL  - 10
SP  - 200
EP  - 204
SN  - 2211-369X
ST  - Legal system v. Eyewitness
L2  - https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1016%2Fj.jarmac.2021.04.001
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Memory
KW  - Probability
KW  - Witnesses
KW  - Self-Confidence
KW  - Guilt
KW  - Error of Measurement
KW  - Statistical Reliability
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Opinion | What These 11 Cops Think People Don’t Understand About Crime
AU  - Rivera, Adrian J.
AU  - Healy, Patrick
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - Eleven law enforcement agents speak with Times Opinion about what policing is like in America today.
DA  - 2023/01/03/
PY  - 2023
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - Opinion
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/03/opinion/law-enforcement-focus-group.html
Y2  - 2023/01/03/17:00:32
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/03/opinion/law-enforcement-focus-group.html
KW  - Race and Ethnicity
KW  - Police
KW  - Crime and Criminals
KW  - Police Reform
KW  - Polls and Public Opinion
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find – The consequences of underlying accident models in eight accident investigation manuals
AU  - Lundberg, Jonas
AU  - Rollenhagen, Carl
AU  - Hollnagel, Erik
T2  - Safety Science
AB  - What-You-Look-For-Is-What-You-Find – The consequences of underlying accident models in eight accident investigation manuals

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/9f121ec4-f5b6-4117-82c3-f5eb4b08ab32n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - www.academia.edu
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
SP  - 1297
SN  - 0925-7535
UR  - https://www.academia.edu/17594901/What_You_Look_For_Is_What_You_Find_The_consequences_of_underlying_accident_models_in_eight_accident_investigation_manuals
Y2  - 2023/01/03/17:02:34
L2  - https://www.academia.edu/17594901/What_You_Look_For_Is_What_You_Find_The_consequences_of_underlying_accident_models_in_eight_accident_investigation_manuals?email_work_card=title
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Opinion | A cop killed my son. We can’t let police investigate themselves.
AU  - Bell, Michael
T2  - Washington Post
AB  - I recognize the officers made a mistake. But that doesn’t excuse a broken system.
DA  - 2018/03/29/
PY  - 2018
DP  - www.washingtonpost.com
LA  - en-US
SN  - 0190-8286
UR  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-cop-killed-my-son-we-cant-let-police-investigate-themselves/2018/03/29/b00ff482-31df-11e8-8bdd-cdb33a5eef83_story.html
Y2  - 2023/02/01/17:34:46
L2  - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-cop-killed-my-son-we-cant-let-police-investigate-themselves/2018/03/29/b00ff482-31df-11e8-8bdd-cdb33a5eef83_story.html?noredirect=on&fbclid=IwAR1Kt_2VUsdLPbE55SlofM7qk8XPlLjLeCrvl8aQFB8-MP3Wbl5tyd1Yi5M
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - It’s the Culture, Stupid
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
AB  - In October 2020, for instance, the Commercial Appeal reported that murders in Memphis had “rocketed” in the first three quarters of 2020, easily surpassing the previous record. The city eclipsed the record again the next year. In January 2021, a headline from the local FOX News station complained, “Violent crime continues to be a problem in Memphis and Shelby County.” In April 2022, a local TV station reported on a study that found Memphis had the fifth highest homicide rate in the country. And two months before the police killed Tyre Nichols, the headline in The Atlantic complained, “The Murders in Memphis Aren’t Stopping.” Despite “extraordinary” funding, “the city’s police seem unable to control crime.” And I just selected those few; there are many others.

If you think this pressure had no effect on the culture of the Memphis Police Department, you are very much mistaken. The Department created the much- and justly-maligned SCORPION unit in this super-heated environment. SCORPION was launched in October 2021, and in his State of the City Address the following January, Mayor Strickland praised the unit and vowed that it would tackle “violent crimes such as homicides, aggravated assaults, robberies, and carjackings that occur throughout the city.” He noted approvingly that in just four months, SCORPION officers had already made 566 arrests, as though arrests were a virtue in and of themselves.
DA  - 2023/02/08/
PY  - 2023
LA  - en
UR  - https://verdict.justia.com/2023/02/08/its-the-culture-stupid
Y2  - 2023/02/13/16:29:42
L2  - https://verdict.justia.com/2023/02/08/its-the-culture-stupid
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eyewitness confidence and decision time reflect identification accuracy in actual police lineups
AU  - Quigley-McBride, Adele
AU  - Wells, Gary L.
T2  - Law and Human Behavior
AB  - Objective: Although there are many lab-based studies demonstrating the utility of confidence and decision time as indicators of eyewitness accuracy, there is almost no research on how well these variables function for lineups in the real world. In two experiments, we examined confidence and decision time associated with real lineups that had been conducted using research-based recommendations. Hypotheses: We expected that how confident an eyewitness sounded and how quickly that eyewitness made their identification would be associated with whether that eyewitness identified a suspect or a filler. We also hypothesized that people’s interpretations of eyewitness confidence could be easily influenced by additional, biasing information. Method: Using audio recordings of these lineups, we examined (a) participants’ subjective ratings of how confident an eyewitness sounded at the time of the identification and (b) objective data regarding how quickly the eyewitness made the identification decision. We also manipulated what additional information, if any, eyewitnesses received in Experiment 2. Results: In both experiments, decision time and confidence predicted whether the eyewitnesses identified the suspect or a known-innocent filler, and when decision time and confidence diverged, it is likely that the eyewitness identified a filler. In Experiment 2, we found that people’s interpretations of eyewitness’s confidence statements could be biased. When observers believed that the witness picked a filler rather than a suspect, or vice versa, this changed how confident they thought the witness sounded. Conclusions: Confidence and decision time should both be collected when administering real lineups, but objective decision time data may be the most useful because people’s perceptions of confidence are easily altered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/0941f807-8cfb-4ebb-997f-9b072c74119cn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2023///
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1037/lhb0000518
DP  - APA PsycNet
SP  - No
EP  - Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified
SN  - 1573-661X
L2  - https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2023-44292-001
KW  - Identification
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Witnesses
KW  - Police Personnel
KW  - Self-Confidence
KW  - Time Perception
KW  - Audiotapes
KW  - Interpretive Bias
KW  - Observers
KW  - Rating
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - How to Think About Race in the Murder of Tyre Nichols
AU  - Margulies, Joseph
T2  - The Verdict
AB  - Cornell Law professor Joseph Margulies points out that the murder of Tyre Nichols challenges the oversimplified conception of authority and race that prevails in this country. Drawing upon the languag...
DA  - 2023/02/14/
PY  - 2023
LA  - en
UR  - https://verdict.justia.com/2023/02/14/how-to-think-about-race-in-the-murder-of-tyre-nichols
Y2  - 2023/02/27/17:33:30
L2  - https://verdict.justia.com/2023/02/14/how-to-think-about-race-in-the-murder-of-tyre-nichols
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - “Don’t Talk to Me About Joy in Work”
AU  - Mate, Kedar
AB  - The health care workforce is out of steam and out of breath, and this makes it hard to focus on anything other than getting through the day. But these circumstances are precisely why attending to joy and workforce well-being is absolutely essential in this moment.


https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/CAMRvGFMrKRSDvRcj0SzVUUrMZet-OFKCGMYA0VtZaydYJcb%3DmA%40mail.gmail.com
DA  - 2023/02/23/
PY  - 2023
LA  - en-US
M3  - Institute for Healthcare Improvment
UR  - https://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/don-t-talk-to-me-about-joy-in-work-kedar-mate?utm_campaign=tw&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=247793492&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8g5wb9OTyAEeohwLZKEGaTqB9TfiEaUU5ICJvFBC2qUCI1Sc_-m-dz-hrJT99pTLK_mWtD0FW062FxbLiRZJkA1a4W7Q&utm_content=247610406&utm_source=hs_email
Y2  - 2023/02/28/17:13:22
L2  - https://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/don-t-talk-to-me-about-joy-in-work-kedar-mate?utm_campaign=tw&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=247793492&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8g5wb9OTyAEeohwLZKEGaTqB9TfiEaUU5ICJvFBC2qUCI1Sc_-m-dz-hrJT99pTLK_mWtD0FW062FxbLiRZJkA1a4W7Q&utm_content=247610406&utm_source=hs_email
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identifying Patterns Across the Six Canonical Factors Underlying Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Berube, Ryanne
AU  - Wilford, Miko M.
AU  - Redlich, Allison D.
AU  - Wang, Yan
T2  - The Wrongful Conviction Law Review
AB  - Research has established six “canonical” factors underlying wrongful convictions including: mistaken witness identification (MWID), false confession (FC), perjury or false accusation (P/FA), false or misleading forensic evidence (F/MFE), official misconduct (OM), and inadequate legal defense (ILD). While we know these factors do not occur in isolation, researchers have yet to examine the patterns across these six factors. In the present article, we apply latent class analysis to explore how these six factors might co-occur across known exonerations. Using data from the National Registry of Exonerations, we identify four latent classes by which the incidence rates across these six factors can be categorized. Among our noteworthy findings: 1) P/FA and OM often co-occur, 2) when MWIDs are high, the incidence of other factors is relatively low, and 3) false guilty pleas had the highest prevalence in a class that was generally associated with Failures to Investigate. Further implications are discussed.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/5c8cfd4b-d84d-423b-bce3-bd929315c086n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.29173/wclawr82
DP  - wclawr.org
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
SP  - 166
EP  - 195
LA  - en
SN  - 2563-2574
UR  - https://wclawr.org/index.php/wclr/article/view/82
Y2  - 2023/02/28/17:41:41
KW  - Wrongful Convictions
KW  - Latent Class Analysis
KW  - Exonerations
KW  - False Guilty Pleas
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work engagement: What do we know and where do we go?
AU  - Schaufeli, Wilmar
T2  - Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology
AB  - Work engagement is a popular concept, both in business contexts as well as in academia. The
term first appeared in the 1990s and meanwhile over 200 scientific publications have appeared
on the subject. So it seems that it is time to take stock. The current paper has two main
objectives, first to present a brief overview about our current knowledge on engagement (What
do we know?) and second to draft a future research agenda (Where do we go?). More
specifically, the research literature is summarized on five key issues: (1) the meaning and
measurement of work engagement; (2) the antecedents of engagement; (3) the consequences of
engagement; (4) state work engagement; and (5) building work engagement. As far as the future
research agenda on work engagement is concerned, seven main issues are proposed: (1)
conceptualization and measurement (e.g., the use of qualitative methods and peer-ratings); (2)
theoretical understanding (e.g., developing unique explanatory frameworks); (3) antecedents and
consequences (e.g., focusing on the paths that lead from work engagement to performance); (4)
epidemiology (e.g., using national representative samples); (5) cross-cultural validity (e.g.,
comparing engagement-levels across cultures); (6) the waxing and waning of engagement across
time (e.g., studying engagement in changing organizations); and (7) the collective nature of
work engagement (e.g., team-level engagement). It is concluded that work engagement is a
viable concept for both science and practice and that it needs further focused attention.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/BN6PR12MB123531FDD5F9E8B8DB700DA7A4AC9%40BN6PR12MB1235.namprd12.prod.outlook.com.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
J2  - Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology
SN  - 1454-8062
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work engagement: What do we know and where do we go?
AU  - Schaufeli, Wilmar
T2  - Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
J2  - Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology
SN  - 1454-8062
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>1 Those who are engaged perform better (Rich et al, 2010; Halbesleben, 2010). For instance, engaged employees deliver superior service quality, as perceived by their customers. They also report less errors, are less often involved in occupational injuries and accidents, show more innovative work behaviors, and are better rated by their supervisors in terms of effectiveness and job performance than their less engaged colleagues. A meta-analysis that included almost 8,000 business-units of 36 companies (Harter, Schmidt, & Hayes, 2002) revealed that levels of engagement are positively related to business-unit performance (i.e., customer satisfaction and loyalty, profitability, productivity, turnover, and safety). This suggests that engaged workers can indeed offer a competitive advantage to organizations.</p>
</div>
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>3</p>
<p></p>
<p>Recently, other similar constructs emerged such as "energy at work" (Cole, Bruch & Vogel, 2011), "vigor at work" (Shirom, 2003), "harmonious and obsessive passion" (Vallerand et al., 2003), "zest at work" (Peterson, Park, Hall, Seligman, 2009), "thriving at work" (Porath et al., 2012), and "spirit at work" (Kinjerski & Skrypnek, 2008). Although it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss these concepts in detail, it is clear that conceptual and empirical overlap with work engagement is likely to exist. So in order to cut dead wood, psychometric research is necessary on the quality and on the convergent and discriminant validity of questionnaires that tap various positive, work related state of mind.</p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhancing police engagement: an examination of the links between fair treatment and job engagement in a Canadian police organization
AU  - Workman-Stark, Angela
T2  - International journal of police science and management
AB  - This study examined the relationships between organizational justice and job engagement, and whether these relationships were stronger for civilian staff vs police officers. Using survey data from a Canadian police organization, the results suggested that when police personnel perceived they were treated fairly, they were more likely to have a sense of psychological safety, which, in turn, enhanced their identification with their organization and increased their engagement with work. <br><br>FINDINGS further demonstrated that distributive justice (i.e., equitable outcomes) was more important to police officers than civilian staff, particularly, in relation to enhancing their attachment with the organization. In other words, as perceptions of distributive justice increased so did organizational identification; however, this effect was strongest for police officers. In general, organizational justice has positive implications for police organizations, namely in encouraging police personnel to engage their full selves at work.<p />
<p>Language: en</p>
DA  - 2020///
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1177/1461355720935917
DP  - www.safetylit.org
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
SP  - 308
EP  - 322
LA  - en
SN  - 1461-3557
ST  - Enhancing police engagement
UR  - https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_661492_8
Y2  - 2023/03/03/21:59:44
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Righting wrongful convictions a worthy fight for DA -
AU  - Editorial
T2  - The Boston Globe
AB  - https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/15573301-4ffc-4d90-b4e6-f6bd80960041n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2023/03//
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/03/25/opinion/righting-wrongful-convictions-worthy-fight-da/
Y2  - 2023/03/27/16:29:50
L2  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/03/25/opinion/righting-wrongful-convictions-worthy-fight-da/
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
TI  - COMMONWEALTH vs. BARRY J. KAMARA.
AU  - JUSTIA
AB  - COMMONWEALTH vs. BARRY J. KAMARA. - 422 Mass. 614


https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/b519a8a6-10e7-438a-885b-0427fcfd5a7bn%40googlegroups.com.
LA  - en
UR  - https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/volumes/422/422mass614.html
Y2  - 2023/03/27/16:32:20
L2  - https://law.justia.com/cases/massachusetts/supreme-court/volumes/422/422mass614.html
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - Two bad apples? Let’s look at the whole barrel. - The Boston Globe
AU  - Abraham, Yvonne
T2  - Boston Globe
DA  - 2023/03/22/
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/03/22/metro/two-bad-apples-lets-look-whole-barrel/?event=event25
Y2  - 2023/03/27/16:33:42
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - As New York Pays Out Millions In Police Misconduct Settlements, Lawmakers Ask Why They Keep Happening
AU  - Pearson, Jake
T2  - ProPublica
AB  - Decades of costly settlements have prompted some elected officials to question whether the city enables bad policing by aggressively defending against misconduct claims instead of demanding changes to NYPD practices.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/08aea3f8-1c94-484f-825a-33ca61e55681n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2023/03/21/
PY  - 2023
LA  - en
UR  - https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-police-misconduct-settlements-protests
Y2  - 2023/03/31/14:49:54
L2  - https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-police-misconduct-settlements-protests
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - The System That Failed Jordan Neely
AU  - Iscoe, Adam
T2  - The New Yorker
AB  - What a subway killing reveals about New York City’s revolving-door approach to mental illness and homelessness.

https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/f12fd858-e1f1-435e-a29b-b8bc6550f858n%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2023/05/10/
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/22/the-system-that-failed-jordan-neely
Y2  - 2023/05/15/15:20:52
L2  - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/22/the-system-that-failed-jordan-neely
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>Doyle: </p>
<p>A valuable New Yorker piece provides <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/22/the-system-that-failed-jordan-neely" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">a window </a>on the frontlines of the mental health care crisis in NYC.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Visible here is the day-to-day work of the cops, EMTs, social workers, ER staff, and the amount of "sense-making" required of them, under pressure, in difficult situations in a complex environment.  The frequency with which they are "set up to fail"---the inevitability of some # of failures---comes through clearly.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Pretending that "the-work-as-done" and "the-work-as-imagined" can be assumed to be or stay the same is will be impossible if you read this. </p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Budgeting for Exoneree Compensation: Indemnifying Exonerees Not Officials to Deter Future Wrongful Convictions
AU  - Philbrick, Mackenzie
T2  - Fordham Urban Law Journal
AB  - As survivors of state harm, exonerees are often woefully
undercompensated compared to present jury awards for wrongful
incarceration. Furthermore, by precluding exonerees who have falsely
confessed or pled guilty from receiving state compensation, lawmakers
squander an opportunity to increase police accountability going
forward, further stacking the deck against those who have already been
failed by the system.
This Note proceeds as follows: Part I provides a background of false
confessions, why they occur in the context of police interrogation, and
their consequences for an exoneree seeking compensation from the state
for their wrongful incarceration. Part II investigates avenues of legal
redress for the wrongly incarcerated and explores whether meaningful
compensation may reform the underlying procedures which often lead
to false confessions. Part III argues for legislative amendments to
meaningfully increase the availability and amount of exoneree
compensation.
DA  - 2023///
PY  - 2023
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 797
J2  - Fordham Urban Law Journal
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
TI  - After Student’s Suicide, an Elite School Says It Fell ‘Tragically Short’
AU  - Weiser, Benjamin
AU  - Tully, Tracey
T2  - The New York Times
AB  - The Lawrenceville School in New Jersey on Sunday made a remarkable admission of failure and committed to a new focus on mental health.
DA  - 2023/04/30/
PY  - 2023
DP  - NYTimes.com
LA  - en-US
SE  - New York
SN  - 0362-4331
UR  - https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/30/nyregion/lawrenceville-school-suicide.html
Y2  - 2023/05/15/16:08:57
L2  - https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/30/nyregion/lawrenceville-school-suicide.html?action=click&algo=bandit-all-surfaces-time-cutoff-30_impression_cut_3_filter_new_arm_5_1&alpha=0.05&block=more_in_recirc&fellback=false&imp_id=278877631&impression_id=02aad7e3-e872-11ed-b93e-774425f67c98&index=0&pgtype=Article&pool=more_in_pools%2Fnewyork®ion=footer&req_id=750754882&surface=eos-more-in&variant=0_bandit-all-surfaces-time-cutoff-30_impression_cut_3_filter_new_arm_5_1
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>Doyle:</p>
<p>Here's a review after a tragedy, but also after---or contemporaneously with---a payout.  There would appear to be restorative benefits here, and some hope that the odds against recurrence have been improved.</p>
</div>
KW  - Mental Health and Disorders
KW  - Suicides and Suicide Attempts
KW  - Education (K-12)
KW  - New Jersey
KW  - Bullies
KW  - Lawrenceville School
KW  - Princeton (NJ)
KW  - Private and Sectarian Schools
KW  - Reid, Jack (2004-22)
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Resilience Engineering Overview by David Woods
AU  - Herrera, Ivonne
T2  - Resilience Engineering Association
AB  - This is a 18 min video introducing Resilience Engineering.
DA  - 2020/09/30/T04:52:52+00:00
PY  - 2020
LA  - en-GB
UR  - https://www.resilience-engineering-association.org/blog/2020/09/30/resilience-engineering-overview-by-david-woods/
Y2  - 2023/05/15/16:21:23
L2  - https://www.resilience-engineering-association.org/blog/2020/09/30/resilience-engineering-overview-by-david-woods/
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>Doyle: </p>
<p>I've been perseverating on the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals determination that the goal of "finality" forbids granting Richard Glossip a new trial, despite the agreement of Oklahoma's Attorney General, and an independent Houston law firm's agreement that the a new trial is required.  </p>
<p> </p>
<p>For me this actively seeks to enforce system "brittleness".  The opposite of "brittleness"; resiliency is succinctly explained by Dr. David Woods in this clip.  Highly recommended.</p>
<p><a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=80e2c30a-df79fbfa-80e5e7ef-0cc47adc5fd8-6779cd894569cd62&q=1&e=979dc23b-d9a5-4fb7-a1be-8e5f902a36e0&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.resilience-engineering-association.org%2Fblog%2F2020%2F09%2F30%2Fresilience-engineering-overview-by-david-woods%2F" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://www.resilience-engineering-association.org/blog/2020/09/30/resilience-engineering-overview-by-david-woods/</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>The problem here is that this presents such a fundamental issue that the courts are likely to duck it simply because it is fundamental.</p>
<p>--</p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ghosts of Deinstitutionalization
AU  - Thatcher, David
T2  - Vital City
AB  - Rethinking the debate over Mayor Eric Adams’ recent proposal to address the mental health crisis in New York City.
DA  - 2022/12/16/
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/articles/ghosts-of-deinstitutionalization
Y2  - 2023/05/15/16:57:50
L2  - https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/articles/ghosts-of-deinstitutionalization
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Complex Systems Fail
UR  - https://how.complexsystems.fail/
Y2  - 2023/05/15/17:00:20
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - How Complex Systems Fail
AU  - Cook, Richard I.
AB  - (Being a Short Treatise on the Nature of Failure; How Failure is Evaluated; How Failure is Attributed to Proximate Cause; and the Resulting New Understanding of Patient Safety)
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>Doyle:</p>
<p>Here, <a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=b8295b1a-e7b2624b-b82e7fff-ac1f6b01770e-1ee4e387a4733e9f&q=1&e=9bfa46d0-8892-42c0-816d-aaad161962e7&u=https%3A%2F%2Fhow.complexsystems.fail%2F" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">in list for</a>m, an excellent distillation of Safety principles that (IMO) can be applied to criminal justice disasters. (And lead also to the conclusion that, when, after a failure the system is examined you usually find a history of "proto-failures" or near misses.</p>
<p>-- <br>You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Criminal Justice Sentinel Events" group.<br>To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to <a href="mailto:criminal-justice-sentinel-events+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">criminal-justice-sentinel-events+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com</a>.<br>To view this discussion on the web visit <a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=ad0b52a5-f2906bf4-ad0c7640-ac1f6b01770e-13358aecbf0eea58&q=1&e=9bfa46d0-8892-42c0-816d-aaad161962e7&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsgid%2Fcriminal-justice-sentinel-events%2F6ec8f7e8-f414-4762-98d9-0a784e641204n%2540googlegroups.com%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dfooter" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/6ec8f7e8-f414-4762-98d9-0a784e641204n%40googlegroups.com</a></p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - CIFS Bite Mark Video is Now Available on YouTube
AU  - Olson, Sarah
T2  - Forensic Resources
AB  - The Center for Integrity in Forensic Science (CIFS) has released their first animated video. The video explores the problematic use of bite mark comparison evidence in the justice system. CIFS’s primary goal in creating the video is to raise public awareness about the flaws in bite mark evidence and educate potential jurors on its unreliability. ...
DA  - 2023/03/09/T12:21:00+00:00
PY  - 2023
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://forensicresources.org/2023/cifs-bite-mark-video-is-now-available-on-youtube/
Y2  - 2023/05/15/17:03:15
L2  - https://forensicresources.org/2023/cifs-bite-mark-video-is-now-available-on-youtube/
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>Doyle:</p>
<p>And from time to time  keeps good science out, too.  A nice example of the systems nature of the enterprise and the inadequacy of the courts' vision ("We'll inspect your work when you're finished") of how to provide safety.  Lab errors are felt downstream, but court errors are felt upstream in the lab too, and both the courts and the labs are reacting to dozens of other inputs, pressures, etc. </p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - BLOG
TI  - Q&A with Diane Vaughan, Author of Dead Reckoning
AU  - American Sociological Association
T2  - Official website of the Science, Knowledge, and Technology section.
AB  - Dead Reckoning is an historical ethnography of the life course of the air traffic control system from system emergence through 2017. Based on archival research and fieldwork in four air traffic con...


https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/f30375ac-71c0-4e5b-b3ea-ba22fdb4951bn%40googlegroups.com.
DA  - 2022/12/13/T14:51:58+00:00
PY  - 2022
LA  - en
UR  - https://asaskat.com/2022/12/13/qa-with-diane-vaughan-author-of-dead-reckoning/
Y2  - 2023/05/18/17:05:22
L2  - https://asaskat.com/2022/12/13/qa-with-diane-vaughan-author-of-dead-reckoning/
N1  - <div data-schema-version="8"><p>I'll be posting fragments for a while referring to Diane Vaughan's recent book, <u>Dead Reckoning,</u> her "historical ethnography" of the air traffic control system.  To me it is filled with rich analogies to criminal justice life.  I'm hesitant about assigning it to the List, but I'm considering it.  Meanwhile, to whet appetites, here's an interview with Vaughan about the book.  <a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=9241c66b-cddafe97-9246e28e-ac1f6b01771c-a7d594297b89cc02&q=1&e=8e7b5e91-4356-430f-b526-4448ae0fe746&u=https%3A%2F%2Fasaskat.com%2F2022%2F12%2F13%2Fqa-with-diane-vaughan-author-of-dead-reckoning%2F" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://asaskat.com/2022/12/13/qa-with-diane-vaughan-author-of-dead-reckoning/</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Follow the usual procedure of substituting criminal justice nouns for aviation nouns.  You'll start to see I think, as in Vaughan's book on the <em>Challenger</em> disaster,  how much is left unaccounted for by schematic "evidence-based" approaches.  Here, everything goes right; there's no disaster. And seeing the unbelievable feat of bringing every plane in the sky down safely on September 11 is astonishing.  But among other familiar features you see the shifting balances between rule-following and improvisation, tacit knowledge ("How do you ride a bike?" "Don't know, just ride it...."), "distributed cognition", learning from errors and near misses.... all here.   And there's a particular emphasis on how things are affected by history: by new technologies, new bureaucratic arrangements, historical and political developments well outside the room......</p>
<p>-- <br>You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Criminal Justice Sentinel Events" group.<br>To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to <a href="mailto:criminal-justice-sentinel-events+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">criminal-justice-sentinel-events+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com</a>.<br>To view this discussion on the web visit <a href="https://protect2.fireeye.com/v1/url?k=ca349dde-95afa522-ca33b93b-ac1f6b01771c-c347cef440747750&q=1&e=8e7b5e91-4356-430f-b526-4448ae0fe746&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Fmsgid%2Fcriminal-justice-sentinel-events%2Ff30375ac-71c0-4e5b-b3ea-ba22fdb4951bn%2540googlegroups.com%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dfooter" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/criminal-justice-sentinel-events/f30375ac-71c0-4e5b-b3ea-ba22fdb4951bn%40googlegroups.com</a>.</p>
</div>
ER  - 

TY  - MGZN
TI  - Two Thomas decisions declare 'war on innocence'
AU  - Doyle, James M.
T2  - CommonWealth Magazine
AB  - TWO SUPREME COURT opinions written by Justice Clarence Thomas and issued in the past month, Shinn v. Ramirez and Jones v. Hendricks, look like routine attacks on the Warren Court’s protections for criminal defendants. In fact, they declare a war on innocence. Shinn decided two Arizona capital cases. In one, the victim’s time of death excludes the defendant(...)
DA  - 2023/07/07/T08:55:26+00:00
PY  - 2023
LA  - en-US
UR  - https://commonwealthmagazine.org/opinion/two-thomas-decisions-declare-war-on-innocence/
Y2  - 2023/07/07/13:54:02
L2  - https://commonwealthmagazine.org/opinion/two-thomas-decisions-declare-war-on-innocence/?fbclid=IwAR1hQVnXE-minvLKC_txrkMm2H7at6sIFxTMnM0gF_cESOKmY6LK-9rfdzo
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Naming practices in domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales
AU  - Rowlands, J
T2  - FAMILIES RELATIONSHIPS AND SOCIETIES
AB  - In England and Wales, domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) seek to build a picture of the circumstances preceding a domestic abuse-related death, identify any learning and make recommendations for change. Drawing on data from document analysis of 60 DHR reports, this article explores how a victim's real name is routinely taken out of use when a DHR report is published and, to disguise their identity, is usually replaced with a pseudonym or some other nomenclature like initials/letters. I report on the name forms used in place of a victim's real name and the limited explication of both how (pseudo)names were chosen and the role of the family. By exploring how names are used, I argue for a recognition of the assumptions and complexity at the heart of DHRs concerning the place of the victim, family and state, and identify implications for practice, policy and research.
DA  - 2023/03/20/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1332/204674321X16765585870472
SN  - 2046-7435
AN  - WOS:000975550400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult family violence coming out of the shadows
AU  - Benbow, SM
AU  - Bhattacharyya, S
AU  - Kingston, P
T2  - JOURNAL OF ADULT PROTECTION
AB  - PurposeThis study aims to draw together what is known regarding the characteristics and context of adult family violence, and to consider what practitioners and organisations in the UK might learn from the literature. Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews literature on adult family violence and parricide and includes illustrative cases from a study of domestic homicide review reports involving older adults. FindingsAdult family violence most often involves mothers killed by their adult sons. Mental health issues, alcohol/substance misuse and criminality are common themes for perpetrators. Caregiving responsibilities is a theme for both victims and perpetrators. Previous research identified two main categories of adult family homicide: perpetrators with major psychotic illness, and victims-perpetrators in complex relational contexts. Practical implicationsThis study considers how practitioners respond to situations of adult family violence and learning for policymakers, agencies and practitioners. Originality/valueThis paper summarises what is known, argues that more research is needed and suggests practical ways forward for policymakers, relevant agencies and practitioners.
DA  - 2023/04/04/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1108/JAP-11-2022-0029
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 91
EP  - 99
SN  - 1466-8203
AN  - WOS:000937337000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Challenges and Opportunities of Reviewing Domestic Abuse-Related Deaths by Suicide in England and Wales
AU  - Rowlands, J
AU  - Dangar, S
T2  - JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
AB  - PurposeIn England and Wales, Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) are conducted into domestic abuse-related killings. In 2016, deaths by suicide were brought into the scope of this review system and, to distinguish them from reviews into domestic homicides, we describe these as 'Suicide Domestic Abuse-Related Death Reviews' (S-DARDR). To date, S-DARDRs have been little considered and, in response, this empirical paper seeks to unpack this process.MethodIn a larger study, 40 DHR participants were interviewed, and a reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. 18 participants discussed S-DARDRs. These interviews were re-read, with relevant extracts identified and re-analysed thematically. Through a shared critical reflection, we drew on our practice experience to interrogate the themes generated from the interviews and offer insight into the underlying challenges.ResultsFrom the interviews, we generated four themes relating to commissioning and delivery; the involvement of stakeholders; intersections with other statutory processes; and purpose. Based on our shared critical reflection, we identified the underlying challenges as an under conceptualisation of S-DARDRs, alongside their de-mooring from the criminal justice system. Taken together, these challenges have implications for the conduct of S-DARDRs. We identify recommendations for policy and practice to address these challenges.ConclusionThe development of S-DARDRs has been little considered and challenges arise around when and how they should be undertaken. A shared understanding of key concepts and expectations around delivery is necessary if S-DARDRs are to enable robust learning and be a driver for systems change while also being accessible and understood by all stakeholders.
DA  - 2023/02/20/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1007/s10896-023-00492-z
SN  - 0885-7482
AN  - WOS:000935356300001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parallels in Practice: Applying Principles of Research Integrity and Ethics in Domestic Violence Fatality Review (DVFR)
AU  - Cook, EA
AU  - Rowlands, J
AU  - Bracewell, K
AU  - Jones, C
AU  - Boughton, G
T2  - JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
AB  - Purpose Within the context of the big data society, new systems of data collection on domestic violence and abuse (DVA) have emerged. One such system is Domestic Violence Fatality Review (DVFR) which captures the various dimensions of gender, violence, and abuse required to form an evidence base for prevention. However, to date, there has been limited dialogue between practitioners and researchers about the 'doing' of DVFRs.
Method As DVFR systems vary by jurisdiction, we conducted a case study of Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales. Applying the Research Integrity Framework (RIF) developed by the four Women's Aid Federations in the United Kingdom (UK), this article examines both the practice of DHR and how it is utilised as data in research.
Results Informed by our situated perspectives as researchers and/or practitioners working in the field, our analysis demonstrates how undertaking DHR as a practitioner parallels collecting, accessing, and analysing data from DHRs as a researcher. Guiding principles are identified to help practitioners and researchers navigate the parallel challenges they confront and, critically, inform dialogue between practice and research.
Conclusions Implications for both professional practice and research are presented. To increase transparency and confidence, we argue that more attention should be afforded to the methodological and ethical issues inherent in both the practice of DHRs, and their utilisation as a source of data in research. While DHRs have differences to DVFRs in other jurisdictions, these findings also have implications for these other systems which will also be discussed.
DA  - 2023/02/18/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1007/s10896-023-00505-x
SN  - 0885-7482
AN  - WOS:000934560900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Te Pou: An Indigenous Framework to Evaluate the Inclusion of Family Voice in Family Violence Homicide Reviews
AU  - Roguski, M
AU  - Grennell, D
AU  - Dash, S
AU  - De'Haan, I
AU  - Cram, F
AU  - Gulliver, P
T2  - JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
AB  - Purpose Within this paper we evaluate the inclusion of the family voice in the domestic homicide review process. We use an Indigenous rubric (Te Pou) developed to ensure a culturally appropriate framework for conducting fatality reviews. We further draw on the creative potential of Indigenous knowledge systems, applying them alongside Western understandings of the engagement of family in homicide reviews, to seed new knowledge. This review has been undertaken early in the process of implementing family interviews to learn from current practices, seeking to improve them and, thereby, be better hosts for those invited to be part of a review.
Methods The process of including family input into the in-depth reviews of family violence homicide reviews, conducted between October 2019 and November 2021, was reviewed against the guidelines specified within Te Pou.
Results While there were strengths within the current process, the review established that further work is required to fully embed cultural understandings and processes within homicide reviews. Indeed, the current process and legislative framework in which it is based, works against relational obligations of reciprocity and a duty to care.
Conclusions Using indigenous frameworks and research methods, it is possible to determine how homicide review processes have the potential to embed trauma rather than providing an opportunity for critical reflection and healing. Repositioning homicide reviews will require a reconceptualization of the legislative framework and support system requirements for review panels.
DA  - 2022/11/04/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1007/s10896-022-00459-6
SN  - 0885-7482
AN  - WOS:000878948200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An analysis of minoritisation in domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales
AU  - Chantler, K
AU  - Bracewell, K
AU  - Baker, V
AU  - Heyes, K
AU  - Traynor, P
AU  - Ward, M
T2  - CRITICAL SOCIAL POLICY
AB  - This article considers how minoritisation features in Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales and identifies critical learning in relation to addressing minoritisation. Five themes were identified: i) the invisibility of race, culture and ethnicity; ii) perceptions and experiences of services; iii) use of stereotypes and the culturalisation of domestic violence and abuse (DVA); iv) lack of interpreters; and v) DHR recommendations. Our analysis illustrates that statutory sector services should strengthen their responses to Black and minoritised victims by ensuring proper recording of cultural background is used to inform practice; engage professionally trained interpreters with an awareness of DVA; resist framing DVA as endemic to minoritised cultures; and enhance trust and confidence in public services within minoritised communities. The best examples of DHRs challenged service narratives and usually sought expertise from a specialist Black/minoritised DVA service or community organisation (frequently minoritised women's rights organisations).
DA  - 2022/11/03/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1177/02610183221133052
SN  - 0261-0183
AN  - WOS:000878360000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparing Practices Used in Overdose Fatality Review Teams to Recommended Implementation Guidelines
AU  - Ray, B
AU  - Bailey, K
AU  - Dunnigan, M
AU  - Aalsma, MC
AU  - Bell, L
AU  - O'Brien, M
T2  - JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE
AB  - Objectives: Overdose fatality review teams are a public health and public safety collaboration that reviews fatality cases using a multidisciplinary team to provide recommendations for overdose prevention. No research exists on the case review practices currently being used in these programs. Design: We administered a cross-sectional survey measuring case review practices and perceptions to a convenience sample of overdose fatality review teams. Setting: We administered the online survey to participants at a national virtual forum on overdose fatality review. Participants: In this study, we examined 30 county-level overdose fatality review teams from 6 states who completed the survey. Main Outcome Measures: We developed measures of case review practices from an overdose fatality review implementation guide. We provided descriptive statistics on the survey items used to measure these practices and examined how practice uptake varied by overdose fatality review team characteristics. Results: Most overdose fatality review teams had adequate representation and membership, but none adhered to all of the practices measured from the implementation guide. The largest gap was in perceived effectiveness and implementation of case review recommendations. In addition, teams that had been reviewing cases for longer reported more adherence to recommended practices. Conclusions: Overdose fatality case review is a collaboration between local public health and public safety agencies that holds great promise. However, these teams will require additional training and technical assistance with local community support to ensure that recommendations are actionable.
DA  - 2022/11//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001546
VL  - 28
SP  - S286
EP  - S294
SN  - 1078-4659
AN  - WOS:000864715700006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond intimate partner relationships: utilising domestic homicide reviews to prevent adult family domestic homicide
AU  - Bracewell, K
AU  - Jones, C
AU  - Haines-Delmont, A
AU  - Craig, E
AU  - Duxbury, J
AU  - Chantler, K
T2  - JOURNAL OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
AB  - Increasing evidence documents domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and domestic homicide of adults killed by a relative in non-intimate partner relationships. Most literature focuses on intimate partner violence and homicide, yet non-intimate partner homicides form a substantial but neglected minority of domestic homicides. This article addresses this gap by presenting an analysis from 66 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales where the victim and perpetrator were related, such as parent and adult child. Intimate partner homicides are excluded. These 66 DHRs were a sub-sample drawn from a larger study examining 317 DHRs in England and Wales.
The article contributes towards greater understanding of the prevalence, context and characteristics of adult family homicide (AFH). Analysis revealed five interlinked precursors to AFH: mental health and substance/alcohol misuse, criminal history, childhood trauma, economic factors and care dynamics. Findings indicate that, given their contact with both victims and perpetrators, criminal justice agencies, adult social care and health agencies, particularly mental health services, are ideally placed to identify important risk and contextual factors. Understanding of DVA needs to extend to include adult family violence. Risk assessments need to be cognisant of the complex dynamics of AFH and must consider social-structural and relational-contextual factors.
DA  - 2022/10//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1332/239868021X16316184865237
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 535
EP  - 550
SN  - 2398-6808
AN  - WOS:000915705900010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inside the black box: domestic homicide reviews as a source of data
AU  - Rowlands, J
AU  - Bracewell, K
T2  - JOURNAL OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
AB  - Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) are a statutory review process to better understand domestic homicide in England and Wales. As a policy intervention, DHRs are intended to build a picture of the circumstances before such deaths and identify gaps in practice, policy and system response. The rationale is that this learning can improve response to domestic violence and abuse and reduce the likelihood of future homicides. However, little is known about how the DHR process operates, including how knowledge is produced or its subsequent use, including any outcomes. In effect, for the most part, DHRs are a 'black box'. Yet, researchers are increasingly using DHR reports as a source of data. By locating ourselves within these processes, this article explores the implications of limited engagement with DHRs as a process of knowledge generation to date. It focuses on the implications for researchers, in particular the epistemological and methodological issues that arise, before considering what this might mean for policy and practice. It identifies recommendations to address key gaps in the understanding and use of DHRs for research purposes.
DA  - 2022/10//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1332/239868021X16439025360589
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 518
EP  - 534
SN  - 2398-6808
AN  - WOS:000915705900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Need for Improved Collaboration between Schools and Child Death Review Teams
AU  - Joshi, DS
AU  - Lebrun-Harris, LA
AU  - Shaw, E
AU  - Pilkey, D
AU  - Collier, A
AU  - Kinsman, S
T2  - JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
AB  - Background Schools are essential public health partners for safeguarding students' health. Child Death Review (CDR) is one public health activity where collaboration with schools is integral for developing strategies to prevent child death but the degree of collaboration is unknown. This study assessed school participation in CDR and the prevalence of school problems in reviewed child death cases, comparing non-suicide and suicide-related deaths. Methods Using the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System, we created a dataset of school-aged children (5 to 20 years) whose death was reviewed from 2005 to 2017 and used frequencies, proportions, and chi-squared statistics on selected measures. Results Educational representatives infrequently participated in CDRs (24.9%). School records were rarely accessed for reviewed deaths (5.2%). Less than half (41.2%) of reviewed deaths had any school information and of these, 35.5% of children were indicated as having problems in school. Compared with non-suicide deaths, a larger proportion of suicide deaths had school representatives attend CDRs (28.4% vs 24.1%, P < .0001), and access to educational records (4.2% vs 9.2%, P < .0001). Implications Efforts are needed to address potential barriers to systems integration, including state policies and federal educational privacy laws. Conclusions School participation in CDRs is lacking for both suicide and non-suicide deaths.
DA  - 2023/02//undefined
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1111/josh.13225
VL  - 93
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 139
SN  - 0022-4391
AN  - WOS:000832782100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reviewing in a pandemic? A commentary on COVID-19 and domestic homicide review
AU  - Rowlands, J
T2  - JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION CONFLICT AND PEACE RESEARCH
AB  - Purpose This paper is a commentary on COVID-19's impact on Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs), the system in England and Wales that enables learning from domestic abuse-related deaths. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a practitioner-researcher perspective, this paper reflects on how COVID-19 affected the delivery and experience of DHRs, the place of victims at the heart of this process and what the pandemic's impact might mean moving forward. Findings This paper explicates some of the challenges of undertaking DHRs in a pandemic. Critically, however, it argues that these challenges illuminate broader questions about the practice of DHR. Originality/value This paper's originality comes from the author's practitioner-researcher perspective and its use of COVID-19 as a lens to consider DHRs.
DA  - 2023/05/29/
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1108/JACPR-02-2022-0693
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 201
EP  - 204
SN  - 1759-6599
AN  - WOS:000811690600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluating the Impact of Policy and Programming on Female-Victim Intimate Partner Homicide at the County Level in Florida
AU  - Montanez, J
AU  - Donley, A
AU  - Reckdenwald, A
T2  - VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
AB  - Legal and social service interventions aim to mitigate intimate partner violence (IPV) and keep IPV from becoming lethal. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of policies and programs on female-victim intimate partner homicide (FVIPH) rates across the 67 counties of the state of Florida. It focuses on community coordinated response efforts, batterer intervention programs, local domestic violence (DV) ordinances, DV fatality review teams, and DV shelter programs. Results indicate that community coordinated response efforts are associated with decreasing FVIPH rates. Discussions of findings, limitations, and implications are provided accordingly.
DA  - 2023/02//undefined
PY  - 2023
DO  - 10.1177/10778012221083328
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 253
EP  - 275
SN  - 1077-8012
AN  - WOS:000799662000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - 'Almost everything else goes to the wayside': Experiences of caseworkers, middle managers and leaders responding to child fatality and near fatality cases
AU  - Garcia, AR
AU  - Ibekwe-Okafor, N
AU  - Wasch, S
T2  - CHILD ABUSE REVIEW
AB  - While child welfare scholars and caseworkers have acquired a better understanding of risk factors associated with occurrences of child fatalities due to maltreatment over the past 20 years, little is known about the organisational and system-level characteristics that impact efforts to prevent or intervene in these cases. As part of a collaborative agreement between a university-affiliated centre and a state child welfare agency, we conducted interviews by phone with 19 case managers, middle managers and regional leaders who were assigned to manage or oversee a near fatality or fatality case. They illuminated five major themes: 1) their perceived stressors and sources of support; 2) client and perpetrator risk factors; 3) system-level risk and protective factors; 4) case descriptions; and 5) lessons learned. Relying upon their lived experiences, we offer practice and policy recommendations to Child Abuse Review to support their efforts to prevent and respond to child fatality cases. Efforts should be devoted to evaluating strategies to reduce risk for all families before the child welfare system is involved, supporting workers when they are assigned to fatality cases by reducing caseloads and preparing them for the fatality review process, and embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child-serving systems. Key Practitioner Messages To respond effectively to child fatality and near fatality cases, child welfare caseworkers and leaders should be assigned fewer cases in the interim, and receive guidance, consultation, and time to prepare for the fatality review process. Embracing a culture of collaboration across and within child-serving systems may also prevent fatalities and facilitate an efficient investigative process if/when they do occur.
DA  - 2022/09//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1002/car.2759
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
SN  - 0952-9136
AN  - WOS:000783307900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Domestic Homicide Review Committees' Recommendations and Impacts: A Systematic Review
AU  - Jones, C
AU  - Bracewell, K
AU  - Clegg, A
AU  - Stanley, N
AU  - Chantler, K
T2  - HOMICIDE STUDIES
AB  - Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews/Domestic Homicide Reviews (DVFRs/DHRs) are multi-agency reviews aimed at reducing domestic homicides. This study systematically reviews research that examines DVFR/DHR recommendations, impact of these recommendations and proposals for improving DVFR/DHR processes. A narrative synthesis was adopted due to the diversity of the 11 studies reviewed. Themes identified from recommendations included: training and awareness; service provision and coordination; and recommendations for children. Regarding DVFR/DHR processes, standardization, diverse teams, and additional resources were highlighted. There was little evidence of whether DVFR/DHR recommendations were implemented. Findings can strengthen DVFR/DHR operationalization and impacts.
DA  - 2022/04/08/
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1177/10887679221081788
SN  - 1088-7679
AN  - WOS:000780231000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk factors for intimate partner homicide in England and Wales
AU  - Chopra, J
AU  - Sambrook, L
AU  - McLoughlin, S
AU  - Randles, R
AU  - Palace, M
AU  - Blinkhorn, V
T2  - HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
AB  - Intimate partner homicides are often situated within the context of domestic abuse, and although less prevalent than domestic abuse, there have been several multi-agency approaches to understanding the risk for these fatal crimes. Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) were introduced in 2011 to provide information to help with assessing such risk. This paper aims to analyse DHRs in England and Wales to investigate/determine risk factors for domestic homicide following intimate partner abuse. All publicly available DHRs published between July 2011 and November 2020 where the victim and perpetrator were or had been intimate partners (N = 263) were retrieved from Community Safety Partnership websites in England and Wales. A quantitative design was used to extract data from DHRs, and descriptive and inferential statistics were generated by SPSS 26. Findings identified risk factors relating to domestic abuse, including stalking, separation, and the victim being in a new relationship. Sociodemographic risk factors included higher levels of deprivation, lower income and higher barriers to housing and services. This highlights the role of both individual and sociodemographic factors in domestic homicides, and particularly the need for greater socioeconomic security for victims of domestic abuse. In conclusion, though much of the data is in line with previous research, our analysis highlights the pivotal role of regional poverty, with comfortable socioeconomic conditions offering protection against intimate partner homicides. This research suggests important directions for future research and makes a valuable contribution to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between domestic abuse and intimate partner homicide.
DA  - 2022/09//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1111/hsc.13753
VL  - 30
IS  - 5
SP  - E3086
EP  - E3095
SN  - 0966-0410
AN  - WOS:000757149700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Potential and Limitations of Domestic Homicide Review: A Response to Hope et al. (2021)
AU  - Rowlands, J
T2  - PARTNER ABUSE
AB  - This article responds to an article by Hope et al. (2021), in which they reported on an analysis of 22 Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) conducted in England and Wales into the domestic-abuse related deaths of men. While the analysis of DHRs individually and in aggregate is an important part of the process of learning from these tragedies, in this response I set out my concerns relating to both the use of DHRs by Hope et al. and also their findings. I highlight the absence of engagement with the literature around DHRs and/or the wider international family of Domestic Violence Fatality Review (DVFRs), as well as the decision to situate the study design and analysis of these deaths without reference to, or consideration of, the broader context of domestic homicide as a phenomenon. I also argue there is a lacuna in the findings, specifically as to the evidence of (alleged) domestic abuse by many of the men whose deaths were examined by these DHRs, the implications of which are overlooked. I conclude by emphasizing the potential learning from research into DHRs, in this case relating to the domestic abuse-related deaths of men, but also the need to recognize complexity in this endeavor.
DA  - 2022///
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1891/PA-2021-0054
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 316
EP  - 325
SN  - 1946-6560
AN  - WOS:000836650700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fatality Review and the Role of the Forensic Psychiatrist
AU  - Friedman, SH
AU  - Beaman, JW
AU  - Friedman, JB
T2  - JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW
AB  - Multidisciplinary Fatality Review teams have operated for decades in the United States and across the developed world. Goals of these teams include examining individual deaths in the community to determine preventability and to make recommendations for future prevention. Fatality Review teams initially focused on child deaths but have expanded to include deaths from domestic violence, elder abuse, overdose, and maternal mortality.Case reviews include data from various agencies that have had contact with victims and perpetrators prior to the deaths. Cause of death and preventability are analyzed. Preventable deaths often include those with risk from mental illness or addiction. Recommendations made by Fatality Review teams have led to important changes for mental health services and prevention, including the Safe Haven laws for neonaticide prevention, suicide and homicide prevention, child murder prevention, firearm laws, and domestic violence screening. Fatality Review teams, which already include law enforcement and forensic pathologists, can benefit from collaboration with forensic psychiatrists because of their specialized knowledge about the intersection of mental illness and violence, should forensic psychiatrists have an opportunity to join them.
DA  - 2021/09/01/
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.29158/JAAPL.210027-21
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 396
EP  - 405
SN  - 1093-6793
AN  - WOS:000701306700013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Navigating Family Involvement in Domestic Violence Fatality Review: Conceptualising Prospects for Systems and Relational Repair
AU  - Rowlands, J
AU  - Cook, EA
T2  - JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
AB  - Purpose Family involvement is a key element of Domestic Homicide Review (DHR), the form of Domestic Violence Fatality Review (DVFR) found in England and Wales. Family involvement is framed as having dual purposes: first, as a benefit to DHRs, enabling a fuller picture of victims' experiences; second, as a benefit to families themselves, notably as a therapeutic or cathartic opportunity. However, these dual purposes have been little considered. This conceptual article responds to this absence by interrogating the purpose, process and outcomes of family involvement within DHRs. Method To explicate purpose, process and outcomes, we synthesise policy, practice and the extant empirical and theoretical literature relating to family involvement in DHRs. We supplement this by engaging with a broader body of emerging research on family involvement in other review systems, analysing this through a lens of citizenship and participation. Results Family involvement in DHRs is little explicated and there is a need to better engage with how family are involved in DHRs, as a way of increasing transparency for family rights. By way of response, a tentative conceptual framework is proposed which situates family involvement as demonstrative of systems- and relational-repair. Conclusions The article concludes by arguing for greater attention to the Theory(s) of Change underpinning both the place of the family and their testimony, as well as the DHR system as a whole. Such clarity would benefit family, both as the subject of professional interactions but, critically, as agents in the DHR process in their own right.
DA  - 2022/05//undefined
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.1007/s10896-021-00309-x
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 559
EP  - 572
SN  - 0885-7482
AN  - WOS:000690695600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Saving Lives: Working across Agencies and Individuals to Reduce Intimate Homicide among those at Greatest Risk
AU  - Bonomi, A
AU  - Zeoli, AM
AU  - Shanahan, S
AU  - Martin, D
T2  - JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
AB  - This special issue of the Journal of Family Violence offers insights on intimate homicide prevention from leading researchers and practitioners. The insights offered are timely, given the pervasiveness of domestic violence (DV), including some data since the emergence of COVID-19 noting an increase in DV-related cases with severe injury and police calls. Contributors in this special issue argue for interagency advocacy, protection orders, and firearm removal, along with reimagining data capture, risk assessment, firearm protocols, and fatality reviews to improve equitable services and care for DV survivors at the highest risk of homicide.
DA  - 2021/07//undefined
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1007/s10896-021-00266-5
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
SP  - 523
EP  - 526
SN  - 0885-7482
AN  - WOS:000640160700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What can we learn about perpetrators of domestic and familial homicide and their involvement with mental health services from domestic homicide reviews?
AU  - Macinnes, P
T2  - EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY
DA  - 2021/04//undefined
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1014
VL  - 64
SP  - S378
EP  - S379
SN  - 0924-9338
AN  - WOS:000693668500104
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Can We Learn From Domestic Homicide Reviews With Male Victims?
AU  - Hope, KA
AU  - Bates, EA
AU  - Brooks, M
AU  - Taylor, JC
T2  - PARTNER ABUSE
AB  - There is an increasing recognition of men as victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) within the academic literature and the public narrative. Statistics suggest that one in three victims in the United Kingdom (UK; specifically, England and Wales) are male, with some academic literature suggesting the ratio of female to male victims could be even closer (e.g., Archer, 2000). Domestic Abuse services and agencies (including the police and health services) can be an integral part of victim disclosure. However, the evidence suggests that there are a number of barriers that inhibit help-seeking (Bates, 2020); and when help is sought it is not always a positive experience (Taylor et al., 2021). These internal and external barriers can lead to missed opportunities to intervene and support men to escape abuse or prevent higher risk cases from escalation. The aim of the current study was to explore the engagement of male victims and the service responses through analysis of Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs). A thematic analysis of 22 DHRs was completed and the findings suggested there is often a dismissal of women's abusive acts towards men by services, and men (as victims) are also more likely to be arrested than their partners. Half of the DHRs stated that services had insufficient guidance regarding the identification and treatment of male IPV victims, and there were a significant number of men whose injuries were dismissed by the police and other safeguarding services. It is clear from the findings that domestic abuse services are not currently working inclusively, and this serves as an additional barrier to male help-seeking victims. Limitations of this study and future implications for research and policy are discussed.
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1891/PA-2021-0011
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 384
EP  - 408
SN  - 1946-6560
AN  - WOS:000718366100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prisoner death investigations: a means for improving safety in prisons and societies?
AU  - Tomczak, P
AU  - McAllister, S
T2  - JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND FAMILY LAW
DA  - 2021///
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1080/09649069.2021.1917714
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
SP  - 212
EP  - 230
SN  - 0964-9069
AN  - WOS:000654296100011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child Maltreatment Fatality Review: Purposes, Processes, Outcomes, and Challenges
AU  - McCarroll, JE
AU  - Fisher, JE
AU  - Cozza, SJ
AU  - Whalen, RJ
T2  - TRAUMA VIOLENCE & ABUSE
AB  - Better understanding of the causes and circumstances of maltreatment deaths of children is needed to prevent tragedy. The purpose of this article is to facilitate understanding of child maltreatment fatality review processes and their outcomes. A literature review was conducted through searches of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE and through citations in publications. Over 165 publications were reviewed and 55 were selected for inclusion. Papers were from the United States, England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Netherlands, France, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and China. These were included if they described fatality review goals, authority, procedures, and outcomes. Although we searched databases on a continual basis during the preparation of this review, we could have missed publications, particularly those in newspapers and journals that are not included in large-scale databases or cited in other articles. Improvement of fatality review requires diligence by individuals and organizations that provide information to the reviewers. Among challenges to the review process are varying criteria for review, misclassifications of the manner of death, inadequate or incomplete forensic and medical investigations, lack of information about the perpetrator, diversity of the community, concealment of the cause of death by parents or other caregivers, and disagreement among reviewers about the results of their inquiries. Institutional challenges are also present, which include the need for funding, privacy issues on obtaining information, updating reviewer training, lack of follow-up by institutional authorities on the recommendations of the reviews, and research facilitating the review of maltreatment fatalities.
DA  - 2021/12//undefined
PY  - 2021
DO  - 10.1177/1524838019900559
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
SP  - 1032
EP  - 1041
SN  - 1524-8380
AN  - WOS:000506972000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Remembering the forgotten victims: Child-Related themes in domestic violence fatality reviews
AU  - Reif, K
AU  - Jaffe, P
T2  - CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT
AB  - Background: The needs of children exposed to domestic violence have been historically overlooked. One way in which service provision for children exposed to this violence can be explored is through an examination of Domestic Violence Fatality Review Teams (DVFRT's), who review cases of fatal domestic violence to identify possible areas for improvement.
Objective: This study explored key themes relative to children exposed to domestic violence and homicide published by DVFRT's in order to identify the services that exist for children exposed to domestic violence, barriers to providing these services, and recommendations for improvement.
Participants and Setting: This study reviewed annual reports from three DVFRT jurisdictions with regular annual reports from 2004 to 2016.
Methods: A generic thematic analysis was performed by the primary author, in consultation with the second author, in order to identify dominant themes present in the DVFRT annual reports. The analysis utilized a codebook that was created beforehand in order to capture pertinent information within the reports. Trustworthiness of the data was established through a consistent application and thorough reporting of the coding procedures.
Results: The analysis highlighted key barriers to child-specific service provision among agencies involved (e.g., lack of professional training and public awareness), recommendations for enhanced intervention (e.g., enhanced child-specific services) and promising practices (e.g., policy and legislation development).
Conclusions: The three DVFRTs identified several gaps in service provision for children affected by fatal domestic violence that will require increased engagement and resources targeting these vulnerable children.
DA  - 2019/12//undefined
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104223
VL  - 98
SN  - 0145-2134
AN  - WOS:000502890500029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Learning from domestic homicide reviews in England and Wales
AU  - Chantler, K
AU  - Robbins, R
AU  - Baker, V
AU  - Stanley, N
T2  - HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY
AB  - This paper aims to contribute to the prevention of future domestic homicide by analysing 141 domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England and Wales. All publicly available DHRs (n = 141) were retrieved from Community Safety Partnership websites in England and Wales in June 2016. Utilising a mixed methods approach, we designed templates to extract quantitative and qualitative data from DHRs. Descriptive statistics were generated by SPSS. 54 DHRs were analysed qualitatively, using N-Vivo for data management. The findings revealed that perpetrators were aged: 16-82 years; with a mean average age of 41 years. Victims' ages ranged from 17 to 91 years old; with a mean average age: 45 years. Perpetrators' mental health was mentioned in 65% of DHRs; 49% of perpetrators had a mental health diagnosis. Healthcare services, in particular, mental health services, were most likely to be involved with perpetrators. 'Movement' was identified as a key contextual feature of the 54 DHRs analysed qualitatively and this was found to interact with risk assessment, language barriers and housing problems. In conclusion, domestic violence and abuse risk assessments need to be informed by the knowledge that domestic abuse occurs across the age span. Mental health settings offer an opportunity for intervention to prevent domestic homicide. Domestic Homicide Reviews can provide valuable material for training practitioners.
DA  - 2020/03//undefined
PY  - 2020
DO  - 10.1111/hsc.12881
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 485
EP  - 493
SN  - 0966-0410
AN  - WOS:000495013800001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reviewing the situation: practitioner perspectives on the use and effectiveness of 28-day homicide reviews
AU  - Hill, S
AU  - O'Neill, M
T2  - JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE
AB  - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report a study of practitioner views on the 28-day homicide review process. Design/methodology/approach The research draws upon primary data from interviews with senior investigating officers (SIOs) engaged in homicide investigations and review officers tasked with reviewing homicides unsolved after 28 days. Findings The review process was perceived to be meeting the needs of the organization but adding little, or no direct value to SIOs. Despite this, there was agreement as to the potential value and necessity of the homicide review process. Issues such as the purpose and process of reviews were considered, with recommendations providing impetus for the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) to review the use of reviewers commensurate with their expertise, the training and development of reviewers, and the aims, format and timing of a review.
Originality/value The findings are relevant to any police service currently undertaking 28-day reviews of unsolved homicide investigations.
DA  - 2019/09/16/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1108/JCRPP-04-2019-0029
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 215
EP  - 228
SN  - 2056-3841
AN  - WOS:000487034800005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Local Overdose Fatality Review Team Recommendations for Overdose Death Prevention
AU  - Haas, E
AU  - Truong, C
AU  - Bartolomei-Hill, L
AU  - Baier, M
AU  - Bazron, B
AU  - Rebbert-Franklin, K
T2  - HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE
AB  - This study compiled and detailed recommendations from Maryland Local Overdose Fatality Review Teams (LOFRTs) to provide state and local health departments with innovative strategies to address the worsening opioid epidemic and overdose-related deaths. LOFRTs consist of jurisdictional multiagency, multidisciplinary teams that share data to critically examine drug overdose cases. Goals include identification of risk factors and intervention opportunities to inform overdose prevention programs and policy. The authors qualitatively analyzed reports from Maryland LOFRTs case reviews to categorize outcomes and assess using frequency analyses. A total of 9 macro-level categories emerged from the review of approximately 361 recommendations from LOFRTs. Most recommendations related to Prevention Education, Integrated Care, and Harm Reduction strategies. Overdose fatality review is an effective means of understanding the opioid epidemic, strengthening coordinated interventions, and informing local and state health department overdose prevention strategic planning. Teams have a unique vantage point from which to view systems-level gaps and policy issues because of their collaborative nature and the quality of data provided by agencies that directly served decedents.
DA  - 2019/07//undefined
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1177/1524839918797617
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SP  - 553
EP  - 564
SN  - 1524-8399
AN  - WOS:000472041100011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Real Lives and Lost Lives: Making Sense of "Locked in' Responses to Intimate Partner Homicide
AU  - Walklate, S
AU  - Hopkins, A
T2  - ASIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY
AB  - The problem of intimate partner homicide is featuring increasingly on national and international policy agendas. Over the last 40years, responses to this issue have been characterised by preventive strategies (including positive' policing; the proliferation of risk assessment tools, and multi-agency working) and post-event analyses (including police inquiries and domestic homicide reviews). In different ways, each of these responses has become locked in' to policies. Drawing on an analysis of police inquiries into domestic homicides in England and Wales over a 10-year period, this paper will explore the nature of these locked in' responses and will suggest that complexity theory offers a useful lens through which to make sense of them and the ongoing consistent patterning of intimate partner homicide more generally. The paper will suggest this lens in embracing what is known and unknown affords a different way of thinking about and responding to this problem.
DA  - 2019/06//undefined
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1007/s11417-019-09283-2
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 129
EP  - 143
SN  - 1871-0131
AN  - WOS:000468878300004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making connections: a multi-disciplinary analysis of domestic homicide, mental health homicide and adult practice reviews
AU  - Robinson, AL
AU  - Rees, A
AU  - Dehaghani, R
T2  - JOURNAL OF ADULT PROTECTION
AB  - Purpose The purpose of this paper is to "read across" a sample of domestic homicide reviews (DHRs), mental health homicide reviews (MHHRs) and adult practice reviews (APR) to identify the cross-cutting themes. Design/methodology/approach The study involved a qualitative comparative analysis of 20 Welsh reviews: 10 DHRs, 6 APRs and 4 MHHRs. Each review was triple coded by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers (representing criminology, social work and law). Findings Five overarching themes were identified from this diverse sample of cases: crossing boundaries, including transitions between services and geographical boundaries; hoodwinking, where there was manipulation of the presentation of self; faulty assessment, which was not always holistic and only based on certain aspects of behaviour; tunnel vision, resulting from the initial underpinning narrative rarely being challenged; and knowledge, with certain types being privileged over others, especially professional over that of families and para-professionals. Research limitations/implications Further research into death reviews should adopt a comparative, multi-disciplinary approach. Practical implications - The research highlights the possibility for duplication across the different types of reviews. Further, it suggests that review processes could be streamlined. Originality/value Five cross-cutting themes have been developed through the very first study "reading across" three types of reviews (DHRs, APRs and MHHRs). Findings suggest the need for streamlining review processes and highlight the importance of adopting a multi-disciplinary perspective when tresearching death reviews.
DA  - 2019/03/07/
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1108/JAP-07-2018-0015
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 16
EP  - 26
SN  - 1466-8203
AN  - WOS:000459468100003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The domestic violence fatality review clearinghouse: introduction to a new National Data System with a focus on firearms
AU  - Websdale, N
AU  - Ferraro, K
AU  - Barger, SD
T2  - INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB  - BackgroundIn the US more than 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner. The most severe violence, violence that ends in death, disproportionately affects women. Current or former male intimate partners commit the majority of homicides of females and fifty to 60 % of these homicides are perpetrated with firearms. Most murder-suicides involve intimate partners and the vast majority of these cases are women murdered by intimate partners using a firearm. Little data exist to illuminate the social and legal circumstances surrounding firearm use in intimate partner homicide. Here we describe US Domestic Violence Fatality Review Teams and the planning and development of a National Clearinghouse for Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews. Among other things, the National Clearinghouse will centrally record and harmonize reviews across the US through standardized reporting templates and protocols for gathering de-identified intimate partner homicide case information.ConclusionDomestic violence fatality reviews provide a promising yet underutilized data source to understand the links between firearms and domestic violence related deaths. The nascent Clearinghouse can inform policy approaches to address intimate partner homicide as well as firearm-related violence in the United States.
DA  - 2019///
PY  - 2019
DO  - 10.1186/s40621-019-0182-2
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SN  - 2197-1714
AN  - WOS:000669345000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preventing Violence: A Public Health Participatory Approach to Homicide Reviews
AU  - O'Malley, TL
AU  - Documet, PI
AU  - Burke, JG
AU  - Garland, R
AU  - Terry, A
AU  - Slade, RL
AU  - Albert, SM
T2  - HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE
AB  - Death review teams are a common method for assessing preventable deaths, yet they rarely review adult homicides and do not typically include community members. Academic-community partnerships can enhance public health research by encouraging translation of research into practice and support a data-driven approach to improve community health and well-being. We describe the Pittsburgh Homicide Review Group, a community-partnered initiative to prevent future homicides through data review and community dialogue. Group members reviewed all 42 Pittsburgh 2012 homicides informed by three primary data sources: publicly available data, local service databases, and community outreach resources. Thirty-two individuals representing relevant county agencies and community groups participated in eight reviews. Data sharing among partners resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the context of homicides. Review meetings supported a collective discussion around potential contributing factors to homicides, intervention implications, and recommendations. Academic-community homicide review partnerships are a productive approach to inform homicide prevention and interventions that are relevant to communities and should be implemented widely.
DA  - 2018/05//undefined
PY  - 2018
DO  - 10.1177/1524839917697914
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 427
EP  - 436
SN  - 1524-8399
AN  - WOS:000432068800014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Youth Nonfatal Violent Injury Review Panel: An Innovative Model to Inform Policy and Systems Change
AU  - Purtle, J
AU  - Rich, LJ
AU  - Rich, JA
AU  - Cooper, J
AU  - Harris, EJ
AU  - Corbin, TJ
T2  - PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
AB  - Among young people in the United States, nonfatal violent injuries outnumber fatal violent injuries by 171 to 1. The Child Fatality Review Team (CFRT) is a well-established model for informing injury prevention planning. The CFRT's restricted focus on fatal injuries, however, limits its ability to identify opportunities to prevent violent reinjury and address issues unique to nonfatal violent injuries. We adapted the CFRT model to develop and implement a Youth Nonfatal Violent Injury Review Panel. We convened representatives from 23 agencies (e.g., police, housing, and education) quarterly to share administrative information and confidentially discuss cases of nonfatal violent injury. In this article, we describe the panel model and present preliminary data on participants' perceptions of the process. Although outcomes research is needed to evaluate its impacts, the Youth Nonfatal Violent Injury Review Panel offers an innovative, promising, and replicable model for interagency collaboration to prevent youth violence and its effects.
DA  - 2015/11//undefined
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1177/003335491513000610
VL  - 130
IS  - 6
SP  - 610
EP  - 615
SN  - 0033-3549
AN  - WOS:000364503700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Domestic/Family Violence Death Reviews: An International Comparison
AU  - Bugeja, L
AU  - Dawson, M
AU  - McIntyre, SJ
AU  - Walsh, C
T2  - TRAUMA VIOLENCE & ABUSE
AB  - Domestic/Family Violence Death Reviews (D/FVDRs) have been established in a number of high-income countries since 1990 as a mechanism to inform prevention-focused interventions to reduce domestic/family violence. D/FVDRs differ in their structure, governance, case identification processes and inclusion criteria, review measures, and outputs. Outside of the United States, the extent of heterogeneity across and within countries has not been explored. This study comprised an international comparison of D/FVDRs and their core elements to inform the establishment of D/FVDRs in other developed countries, and potentially low-and middle-income countries where violence is a leading cause of death. Such a review is also a necessary foundation for any future evaluation D/FVDRs. The review identified 71 jurisdictions where a D/FVDRs had been established in the past two decades, 25 of which met the inclusion criteria. All D/FVDRs examined stated a reduction in deaths as a goal of the review process; however, none reported an actual reduction. The focus of the D/FVDRs examined was on intimate partner homicides; however, more recently established D/FVDRs include other familial relationships. Almost one third of the D/FVDRs examined reported changes to the domestic/family system that occurred as a result of recommendations made from the review process. While similar in many ways, D/FVDRs differ along a number of important dimensions that make it difficult to identify best practices for jurisdictions considering the establishment of such an initiative. To share knowledge, existing networks should be expanded nationally and internationally to include jurisdictions that may be considering this initiative.
DA  - 2015/04//undefined
PY  - 2015
DO  - 10.1177/1524838013517561
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 179
EP  - 187
SN  - 1524-8380
AN  - WOS:000356408200005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Developing a National Collaborative Approach to Prevent Domestic Homicides: Domestic Homicide Review Committees
AU  - Jaffe, PG
AU  - Dawson, M
AU  - Campbell, M
T2  - CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
AB  - Canadian perspectives on domestic homicide review and prevention were discussed at a 2010 national think-tank held in London, Ontario. The think-tank brought together practitioners, researchers, and government officials from 10 provinces and two territories to share regional experiences with domestic homicide reviews, to identify benefits and challenges of conducting reviews for domestic homicide prevention, and to outline promising practices that have been or may be implemented to address challenges. Think-tank members discussed both the differences and similarities of death review processes within individual provinces/territories and emerging issues and concerns around domestic violence death reviews. The final outcome of the think-tank was the identification of next steps in domestic homicide death review and prevention through various recommendations that support the future framework for research and practice in this area.
La perspective canadienne sur l'etude et la prevention des homicides au sein de la famille a ete discutee par un groupe de reflexion rassemble a London, Ontario, en 2010. Le groupe de reflexion a rassemble des praticiens, des chercheurs et des representants du gouvernement de 10 provinces et de deux territoires pour: partager leur experience regionale en matiere d'etude des homicides au sein de la famille, identifier les avantages et les defis d'effectuer des etudes pour la prevention de ces homicides et donner un apercu des pratiques prometteuses qui ont ete utilisees ou qui pourraient etre utilisees pour surmonter ces defis. Les membres du groupe ont discute des differences et des similitudes des processus d'etude au sein des provinces/territoires individuels ainsi que de nouvelles problematiques. Le resultat final de la rencontre etait l'identification des prochaines etapes en matiere d'etude et de prevention des homicides au sein de la famille par le biais de differentes recommandations qui appuient un cadre futur de recherche et de pratique.
DA  - 2013/01//undefined
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.3138/cjccj.2011.E.53
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
SN  - 1707-7753
AN  - WOS:000329444000005
ER  -