COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Beales, Friedman and Callins

Argued at Richmond, Virginia

SHINITA QUINNETTE BANKS-GRANT1 

MEMORANDUM OPINION*

v. Record No. 0364-22-2 PER CURIAM

DECEMBER 20, 2022

CHRISTOPHER TERRELL GRANT, SR.

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY

Richard S. Wallerstein, Jr., Judge

Shinita Quinnette Banks-Grant, pro se.

No brief or argument for appellee.

The circuit court awarded Christopher Terrell Grant, Sr. (husband) a divorce from his wife, 

Shinita Quinnette Banks-Grant, and dismissed wife’s request for reconsideration after she failed to 

appear for the reconsideration hearing. On appeal, wife challenges the circuit court’s final decree of 

divorce, asserting that her name was misspelled and hersignature was “forcibly forged” on the 

divorce decree. 

BACKGROUND

“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light most 

favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.” Starr v. 

Starr, 70 Va. App. 486, 488 (2019) (quoting Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258 (2003)).

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 

1

It appears that the case name as docketed misspells wife’s middle name, and the correct 

spelling is Quinnette.

UNPUBLISHED
- 2 -

Husband and wife married on November 12, 2014. The parties had no children. The parties 

separated on February 27, 2019. Husband filed a complaint for divorce on September 4, 2020. 

Wife did not file an answer to the complaint, yet on February 8, 2021, she filed a letter with the 

circuit court, requesting a hearing to present evidence of husband’s alleged adultery. On February 

22, 2021, husband filed a “Notice of Pending Proceeding” and advised wife that he had “attempted” 

to serve her by “posting” the complaint for divorce at her residence, as is permitted under Code 

§ 8.01-296(2)(b).

2

 The notice further advised wife that because she had not filed an answer, he 

would seek entry of a final decree of divorce “upon the expiration of ten (10) days after the giving 

of this Notice” and without further notice. The record reflects that wife appeared before the circuit 

court on March 1, 2021 for a “status hearing” that she requested, but “no action was taken” because 

husband and his counsel were not present. On June 2, 2021, husband filed a “Notice of Pending 

Entry of Final Order” to advise wife that he intended to request the entry of the final decree of 

divorce “at any time upon the expiration of ten (10) days after the giving of this Notice.” In 

response, on June 15, 2021, wife filed a letter with the circuit court requesting “more time to get a 

lawyer.” On November 8, 2021, husband filed a notice of hearing, informing wife that he intended 

to request entry of the final decree of divorce at a hearing scheduled for November 29, 2021. 

On November 29, 2021, the circuit court entered a final decree of divorce and granted 

husband a divorce on the grounds of living separate and apart for more than one year. The circuit 

court noted that although husband properly attempted to serve the complaint, wife failed to file an 

answer within the required period. The final decree included a handwritten notation including 

wife’s name and address and that she “objected to” the final decree. Above wife’s name appeared 

2 The certificate of service indicates that husband’s counsel had mailed the notice to wife 

on January 28, 2021. 
- 3 -

to be wife’s signature. The circuit court directed the clerk’s office to send attested copies of the 

divorce decree to husband’s counsel and wife. 

By a letter dated December 3, 2021, wife asked the circuit court to reconsider the divorce 

decree, alleging that another person forged her signature on the document. By order entered 

December 7, 2021, the circuit court set a hearing on wife’s request for December 13, 2021, and 

directedthe clerk to “forward copies of this [o]rder to the parties.” By order entered December 14, 

2021, the circuit court dismissed the request because neither husband nor wife appeared at the 

hearing. Wife noted her appeal on December 29, 2021. 

ANALYSIS

On appeal, wife asserts that the circuit court erred in dismissing her request for 

reconsideration because she was unaware of the December 13, 2021 hearing. Wife explains that 

she was traveling and did not learn of the hearing until her return. Wife contends that she “had 

no reasonable timing to contact the [circuit court] to reschedule the hearing.” Wife also charges 

husband with “malicious intent,” stating that he had knowledge of the hearing and neglected to 

inform her, and argues that she did not “fairly have her day in court.” Wife concludes that this 

Court should enter judgment in her favor. 

“All final judgments, orders, and decrees, irrespective of terms of court, remain under the 

control of the trial court and may be modified, vacated, or suspended for twenty-one days after 

the date of entry, and no longer.” Rule 1:1(a). “Neither ‘the filing of post-trial or post-judgment 

motions, nor the trial court’s taking such motions under consideration, nor the pendency of such 

motions on the twenty-first day after final judgment is sufficient to toll or extend the running of 

the twenty-one day time period of Rule 1:1.’” Wells v. Shenandoah Valley Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 

56 Va. App. 208, 213 (2010) (quoting Super Fresh Foods Mkts. of Va., Inc. v. Ruffin, 263 Va. 

555, 560 (2002)). “The twenty-one-day period is only tolled after entry of a final order or 
- 4 -

judgment through entry of an order that ‘expressly modifies, vacates, or suspends the 

judgment.’” Id. (quoting Ruffin, 263 Va. at 560); see also Coe v. Coe, 66 Va. App. 457, 468 

(2016). No such order was entered in this case. Wife’s letter requesting a reconsideration of the 

final decree alone was not sufficient to toll the Rule 1:1 time period, and she did not present or 

secure the entry of an order suspending the finality of the November 29, 2021 final decree of 

divorce.

Consequently, the divorce decree was a final order and “beyond the control of the circuit 

court” as of December 20, 2021. Westlake Legal Grp. v. Flynn, 293 Va. 344, 352 (2017). While 

the circuit court scheduled a hearing within the twenty-one-day period—and gave wife an 

opportunity to be heard on her filing regarding the divorce decree—wife failed to appear for the 

hearing. Thereafter, the circuit court properly dismissed the matter. Wife did not contact the 

circuit court again until she noted her appeal on December 29, 2021, at which time the circuit 

court was without jurisdiction to modify the divorce decree. 

Moreover, wife presents her argument without any supporting case law or statutory 

authority. Rule 5A:20(e) states that an opening brief shall contain, among other things, 

“principles of law and authorities” pertaining to each assignment of error. “Statements 

unsupported by argument, authority, or citations to the record do not merit appellate 

consideration.” Atkins v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 2, 20 (2010) (quoting Buchanan v. 

Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56 (1992)). “Even pro se litigants must comply with the rules of 

court.” Francis v. Francis, 30 Va. App. 584, 591 (1999).

We are unable to consider wife’s arguments due to her failure to comply with Rule 

5A:20(e), see Fadness v. Fadness, 52 Va. App. 833, 851 (2008), and because the record simply 

fails to develop or preserve her present claims. The circuit court never had an opportunity to 
- 5 -

hear or rule upon wife’s fraud claims. Moreover, no transcripts or written statement of facts 

were filed. These defects doom her present appeal.

3

 

CONCLUSION

On this record, the circuit court did not err in granting the decree of divorce. While the 

circuit court, after granting the divorce, permitted wife a hearing within 21 days after judgment 

to explore her allegations of fraud, wife failed to appear at the hearing, and the court lost 

jurisdiction over the case without hearing or ruling upon the issues raised. For the foregoing 

reasons, the circuit court’s judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.

3 Code § 8.01-428 provides that “the court may set aside a judgment by default or a 

decree pro confesso” for multiple reasons, such as fraud on the court. “After the expiration of 21 

days from the entry of a judgment, the court rendering the judgment loses jurisdiction of the 

case, and, absent a perfected appeal, the judgment is final and conclusive.” Rook v. Rook, 233 

Va. 92, 95 (1987) (citing Hirschkop v. Commonwealth, 209 Va. 678, 679-80 (1969)). However, 

if a judgment is void, it “may be attacked in any court at any time, directly or collaterally” by a 

party to the proceeding. Id. “A void judgment is one that has been procured by extrinsic or 

collateral fraud.” Id. (citing Jones v. Willard, 224 Va. 602, 607 (1983)). Because the issue was 

not decided or developed in the circuit court, whether wife’s various claims might potentially 

rise to the level of extrinsic fraud is a question that is not before us. See Ellett v. Ellett, 35 

Va. App. 97 (2001).