* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

February 1, 2006

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

DONAL R. MULLENS,

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

JO ANNE B. BARNHART,

Commissioner, Social Security

Administration,

 Defendant-Appellee.

No. 04-7132

(D.C. No. 03-CV-677-WH)

(E.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before KELLY , McKAY , and McCONNELL , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.
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Plaintiff-appellant Donal Mullens appeals from an order of the district

court affirming the Commissioner’s decision denying his application for Social

Security disability benefits. Mr. Mullens applied for these benefits on July 26,

2002, alleging disability since December 27, 1999, based on disorders of the back

and myoneural disorders. The agency denied his applications initially and on

reconsideration.

On April 2, 2003, Mr. Mullens received a de novo hearing before an

administrative law judge (ALJ). The ALJ found that Mr. Mullens’s impairments

were severe but did not meet the criteria of any of the impairments listed in 20

C.F.R., Pt. 400, Subpt. P, App. 1. The ALJ determined that Mr. Mullens could

not return to his past relevant work as a machine tender, forklift operator, and

warehouse worker, types of work classified as unskilled to semi-skilled and light

to medium work, but that he retained the residual functional capacity (RFC) to

perform sedentary work “with no bending forward from the waist and no

extension of the neck.” Aplt. App. at 16. The ALJ also found that while direct

application of the sedentary work portion of the Medical-Vocational Guidelines,

see 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 2, rule 201.21 (the grids), would direct a

finding of not disabled, direct application was not allowed because Mr. Mullens

could not “do the full range of sedentary work,” due to the non-exertional

restrictions on stooping and extending his neck. Aplt. App. at 17. The ALJ
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stated that he was therefore using the grids “as a framework for decision making

with vocational expert opinion on the issue of the existence of jobs for which a

hypothetical individual such as the claimant can perform.” Id. 

At the hearing, the ALJ had presented a vocational expert (VE) with

Mr. Mullens’s exact limitations and asked if there were unskilled jobs in the

national economy that could be performed within the limits of Mr. Mullens’s

RFC. The VE testified that there were such jobs and presented three examples,

one in the light exertion classification–cashier II–and two in the sedentary

exertion classification–surveillance system monitor and food and beverage order

clerk. The VE also testified that a significant number these jobs existed both in

Oklahoma and nationally, and confirmed on cross-examination that “[s]tooping

[was] absolutely not required at all in those two jobs.” Id. at 245. No evidence

was presented to dispute this opinion. The ALJ “[found] this expert opinion

persuasive in showing that jobs exist in significant numbers in the national

economy which the claimant can do,” id. at 17, and held that Mr. Mullens was not

disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Appeals Council

denied review, making the ALJ’s decision the Commissioner’s final decision. 

Mr. Mullens filed his complaint with the district court, arguing that Social

Security Ruling 96-9p directed that his inability to stoop precluded all jobs in the

national economy. During his hearing in front of the ALJ, Mr. Mullens’s attorney
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had argued that SSR 96-6p directed that the inability to stoop precluded all jobs in

the national economy. The ALJ stated in his ruling that he had examined SSR

96-6p and was convinced that it did not require a finding of disabled. Before the

district court, Mr. Mullens argued that his attorney had erred and that it was

actually SSR 96-9p that stated that the inability to stoop precluded all jobs in the

national economy and that the ALJ was responsible for knowing and applying all

of the social security rulings.

The magistrate judge found that neither circuit case law nor SSR 96-9p

require a decision of disabled where a claimant is unable to stoop and that,

instead, the proper course of action is to consult a VE and consider the claimant’s

individual limitations. The magistrate judge found that this was the procedure

followed by the ALJ, ruled that the decision of the Commissioner was supported

by the substantial evidence of the VE’s testimony, and recommended to the

district court that the Commissioner’s ruling be affirmed.

Mr. Mullens filed an objection to the magistrate judge’s findings and

recommendation, arguing that the magistrate judge did not “adequately consider

[Mr. Mullens’s] argument that the [ALJ] erred by failing to apply Social Security

Ruling 96-9p.” Aplt. App. at 271. The basis for his complaint was a continued

insistence that SSR 96-9p “requires that an individual limited to unskilled

sedentary work with the added restriction prohibiting stooping be found disabled”
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and because Mr. Mullens falls within this category he “should have been found

disabled.” Id. The district court, in a concise order, overruled Mr. Mullens’s

objection, adopted the findings and recommendation of the magistrate judge, and

affirmed the Commissioner’s ruling. Mr. Mullens appeals this decision.

The Commissioner follows a five-step sequential evaluation process

to determine whether a claimant is disabled. See Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d

748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988). The claimant bears the burden of establishing

a prima facie case of disability at steps one through four. See id. at 751 n.2. 

If the claimant successfully meets this burden, the burden of proof shifts to the

Commissioner at step five to show that the claimant retains sufficient RFC to

perform work in the national economy, given his age, education and work

experience. See id. at 751. Here the ALJ found that the Commissioner met her

burden of proof at step five. We review the Commissioner’s decision to

determine whether the factual findings are supported by substantial evidence in

the record and whether the correct legal standards were applied. See Andrade v.

Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 985 F.2d 1045, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). 

Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept

as adequate to support a conclusion.” Fowler v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 1451, 1453

(10th Cir. 1989) (quotations omitted). 
1 Mr. Mullens also asserts that the ALJ based his decision directly on the

grids, despite the fact that the ALJ claimed to be only using them as a framework,

because the ALJ did not make sufficient findings to have based his decision on

anything but the grids. First, it seems clear that the ALJ agreed with the VE’s

assessment of what jobs Mr. Mullens could perform and based his decision on

that testimony and not on a reflexive application of the grids. Second, to the

extent that Mr. Mullens’s argument on appeal attempts to directly challenge the

form or sufficiency of the ALJ’s findings, it presents issues not presented to the

district court and such issues will not be considered. Berna v. Chater, 101 F.3d

631, 632-33 (10th Cir. 1996) (holding that failure to present issues to the

magistrate judge or to include issues in objection to magistrate judge’s

recommendation may result in waiver).

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On appeal, Mr. Mullens again asserts that in light of SSR 96-9p, the ALJ

finding that Mr. Mullens was not disabled is not supported by substantial

evidence in the record.1

 We disagree . As discussed by the district court, under

SSR 96-9p, even where an individual’s exertional capacities, considered alone,

would indicate that the individual was not disabled because he could perform a

full range of sedentary work, if “the individual also has a nonexertional

limitation(s) [such as the inability to stoop] that narrows the potential range of

sedentary work to which he or she might be able to adjust” then “the [grids] must

be used as a framework for considering the extent of any erosion of the sedentary

occupational base.” SSR 96-9p, 1996 WL 374185 at *4. 

The ruling states, “[t]here may be a number of occupations from the

approximately 200 occupations administratively noticed, and jobs that exist in

significant numbers, that an individual may still be able to perform even with a
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sedentary occupational base that has been erroded.” Id. While the ruling states

that “a complete inability to stoop would significantly erode the unskilled

sedentary occupational base and a finding that the individual is disabled would

usually apply ,” id. at *8 (emphasis added), it also directs that “[c]onsultation with

a vocational resource may be particularly useful for cases where the individual is

limited to less than occasional stooping.” Id. “The vocational resource may be

asked to provide any or all of the following: An analysis of the impact of the

RFC upon the full range of sedentary work, . . . [and] examples of occupations the

individual may be able to perform . . . .” Id. at *9. The VE testified that jobs

existed in Oklahoma and nationally that Mr. Mullens could perform with his

specific limitations, gave examples of those jobs, and testified as to the numbers

of the example jobs that existed. Mr. Mullens presented no evidence disputing

the VE’s testimony and makes no argument that the jobs presented by the VE do

not exist in significant numbers.

In light of the VE’s testimony regarding the availability of sedentary jobs

that require no stooping, we hold that the Commissioner’s factual findings are

supported by substantial evidence in the record and the correct legal standards

were applied. The decision of the Commissioner is affirmed.

Entered for the Court
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Paul J. Kelly, Jr. 

Circuit Judge