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                            Library & Multimedia
 Who Are the Gangsters?: An Examination of the Age, Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Immigration Status of Self-Reported Gang Members in a Seven-City Study of American Youth
NCJ Number
              241526
Journal

*Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice* Volume: 28 Issue: 4 Dated: November 2012 Pages: 465-481
Author(s)
          Finn-Aage Esbensen;
                        Dena C. Carson
Date Published

November 2012
Length
              17 pages
Annotation
              This article replicates Esbensen and Winfree's research by examining the sex and racial/ethnic characteristics of self-reported gang members in a seven-city study.
Abstract
              Fifteen years ago, Esbensen and Winfree published an article in which they challenged the stereotypical image of gang members, specifically with regard to race/ethnicity and sex. In the ensuing years, a number of other publications have reported findings similar to those reported by Esbensen and Winfree, especially with regard to the sex composition of American youth gangs. Studies from Europe have also reported gang member demographic characteristics similar to those reported in the United States. The current article replicates Esbensen and Winfree's research by examining the sex and racial/ethnic characteristics of self-reported gang members in a seven-city study. In addition, the article explores these characteristics across 5 years of data, examining the extent to which gang member demographics remain constant as youth age. Furthermore, given the attention to immigration, the article also assesses the extent to which gang membership is linked to immigration status. More important, the article also explores the extent to which offending rates vary by these demographic characteristics of the gang and nongang youth. Abstract published by arrangement with Sage Journals.
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2006-JV-FX-0011


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Report (Study/Research)


  
  
        
  Award
        Process and Outcome Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T.
    
  
  
Date Published: November 1, 2012
    
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