|    GTE NORTH INCORPORATED AND THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO TRUSTEE   |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|   INDENTURE Dated as of January 1, 1994                                                   |
|    Securities                                                                        |

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| Section ofTrust Indenture Actof 1939, as amended                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |         | Section ofIndenture |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|---------------------|
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |         |
| 310(a)                                                                     | 7.09         |
| 310(b)                                                                     | 7.08         |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 7.10         |
| 310(c)                                                                     | Inapplicable |
| 311(a)                                                                     | 7.13(a)      |
| 311(b)                                                                     | 7.13(b)      |
| 311(c)                                                                     | Inapplicable |
| 312(a)                                                                     | 5.01         |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 5.02(a)      |
| 312(b)                                                                     | 5.02(b)      |
| 312(c)                                                                     | 5.02(c)      |
| 313(a)                                                                     | 5.04(a)      |
| 313(b)                                                                     | 5.04(b)      |
| 313(c)                                                                     | 5.04(a)      |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 5.04(b)      |
| 313(d)                                                                     | 5.04(c)      |
| 314(a)                                                                     | 5.03         |
| 314(b)                                                                     | Inapplicable |
| 314(c)                                                                     | 13.06        |
| 314(d)                                                                     | Inapplicable |
| 314(e)                                                                     | 13.06        |
| 314(f)                                                                     | Inapplicable |
| 315(a)                                                                     | 7.01(a)      |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 7.02         |
| 315(b)                                                                     | 6.07         |
| 315(c)                                                                     | 7.01         |
| 315(d)                                                                     | 7.01(b)      |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 7.01(c)      |
| 315(e)                                                                     | 6.08         |
| 316(a)                                                                     | 6.06         |
|                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | 8.04         |
| 316(b)                                                                     | 6.04         |
| 316(c)                                                                     | 8.01         |
| 317(a)                                                                     | 6.02         |
| 317(b)                                                                     | 4.04         |
| 318(a)                                                                     | 13.08        |

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| PARTIES                                    | 1      |
|--------------------------------------------|--------|
|                                       |   |
| RECITALS:                                  |   |
|                                       |   |
| Purpose of Indenture                       | 1      |
| Compliance with legal requirements         | 1      |
| Purpose of and consideration for Indenture | 1      |

| SECTION 1.01. | Certain terms defined; other terms defined in Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended or by reference therein in Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to have meanings therein assigned | 2 |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---|

|   | Affiliate                               | 2 |
|--------|-----------------------------------------|---|
|   | Authenticating Agent                    | 2 |
|   | Board of Directors                      | 2 |
|   | Board Resolution                        | 2 |
|   | Business day                            | 2 |
|   | Certificate                             | 3 |
|   | CorporateTrust Office                   | 3 |
|   | Company                                 | 3 |
|   | Default                                 | 3 |
|   | Event of Default                        | 3 |
|   | First Mortgage Bonds                    | 3 |
|   | Governmental Obligations                | 4 |
|   | Indenture                               | 4 |
|   | Interest payment date                   | 4 |
|   | Officers� Certificate            | 5 |
|   | Opinion of Counsel                      | 5 |
|   | Outstanding                             | 5 |
|   | Predecessor Security                    | 5 |
|   | Responsible officer                     | 5 |
|   | Security or Securities                  | 6 |
|   | Securityholder                          | 6 |
|   | Subsidiary                              | 6 |
|   | Trustee                                 | 6 |
|   | Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended | 6 |

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| SECTION 2.01. | Designation, terms, amount, authentication and delivery of Securities                               | 6        |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.02. | Form of Securities and Trustee�s certificate.                                                | 7        |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.03. | Date and denominations of Securities, and provisions for payment of principal, premium and interest | 8        |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.04. | Execution of Securities                                                                             | 9        |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.05. | Exchange of Securities                                                                              | 10       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
|          | (a) Registration and transfer of Securities                                                         | 10       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
|          | (b) Securities to be accompanied by proper instruments of transfer                                  | 10       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
|          | (c) Charges upon exchange, transfer or registration of Securities                                   | 11       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
|          | (d) Restrictions on transfer or exchange at time of redemption                                      | 11       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.06. | Temporary Securities                                                                                | 11       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.07. | Mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities                                                     | 11       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.08. | Cancellation of surrendered Securities                                                              | 12       |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.09. | Provisions of Indenture and Securities for sole benefit of parties and Securityholders              | 12  |
|          |                                                                                                |     |
| SECTION 2.10. | Appointment of Authenticating Agent                                                                 | 13       |

| SECTION 3.01. | Redemption of Securities                                                    | 13     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                        |   |
| SECTION 3.02. | (a) Notice of redemption                                                    | 13     |
|          |                                                                        |   |
|          | (b) Selection of Securities in case less than all Securities to be redeemed | 14     |
|          |                                                                        |   |
| SECTION 3.03. | (a) When Securities called for redemption become due and payable            | 14     |
|          |                                                                        |   |
|          | (b) Receipt of new Security upon partial payment                            | 15     |

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| SECTION 3.04. | Sinking Fund for Securities                           | 15     |
|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                  |   |
| SECTION 3.05. | Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities | 15     |
|          |                                                  |   |
| SECTION 3.06. | Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund             | 15     |

| SECTION 4.01. | Payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on Securities                                                                                  | 16     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
| SECTION 4.02. | Maintenance of office or agency for payment of Securities; designation of office or agency for payment, registration, transfer and exchange of Securities | 16     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
| SECTION 4.03. | (a) Duties of paying agent                                                                                                                                | 16     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
|          | (b) Company as paying agent                                                                                                                               | 17     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
|          | (c) Holding sums in trust                                                                                                                                 | 17     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
| SECTION 4.04. | Appointment to fill vacancy in office of Trustee                                                                                                          | 17     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
| SECTION 4.05. | Covenant against certain prior liens                                                                                                                      | 17     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                      |   |
| SECTION 4.06. | Restriction on consolidation, merger or sale                                                                                                              | 18     |

| SECTION 5.01. | Company to furnish Trustee information as to names and addresses of Securityholders                                                                                                     | 19     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                    |   |
| SECTION 5.02. | (a) Trustee to preserve information as to names and addresses of Securityholders received by it in capacity of paying agent                                                             | 19     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                    |   |
|          | (b) Trustee may destroy list of Securityholders on certain conditions                                                                                                                   | 19     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                    |   |
|          | (c) Trustee to make information as to names and addresses of Securityholders available to �applicants� or mail communications to Securityholders in certain circumstances | 19     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                    |   |
|          | (d) Procedure if Trustee elects not to make information available to applicants                                                                                                         | 20     |

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|          | (e) Company and Trustee not accountable for disclosure of information                                  | 2      |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
| SECTION 5.03. | (a) Annual and other reports to be filed by Company with Trustee                                       | 2      |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
|          | (b) Additional information and reports to be filed with Trustee and Securities and Exchange Commission | 21     |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
|          | (c) Summaries of information and reports to be transmitted by Company to Securityholders               | 21     |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
|          | (d) Annual Certificate to be furnished to the Trust                                                    | 21     |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
| SECTION 5.04. | (a) Trustee to transmit annual report to Securityholders                                               | 21     |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
|          | (b) Trustee to transmit certain further reports to Securityholders                                     | 22     |
|          |                                                                                                   |   |
|          | (c) Copies of reports to be filed with stock exchanges and Securities and Exchange Commission          | 22     |

| SECTION 6.01. | (a) Events of Default defined                                                                                                                 | 22     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
|          | (b) Acceleration of maturity upon Event of Default                                                                                            | 23     |
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
|          | (c) Waiver of default and rescission of declaration of maturity                                                                               | 24     |
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
|          | (d) Restoration of former position and rights upon curing default                                                                             | 24     |
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
| SECTION 6.02. | (a) Covenant of Company to pay to Trustee whole amount due on Securities on default in payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) | 24     |
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
|          | (b) Trustee may recover judgment for whole amount due on Securities on failure of Company to pay                                              | 24     |
|          |                                                                                                                                          |   |
|          | (c) Filing of proof of claim by Trustee in bankruptcy, reorganization or receivership proceedings                                             | 25     |

----

|          | (d) Rights of action and of asserting claims may be enforced by Trustee without possession of Securities | 25     |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.03. | Application of moneys collected by Trustee                                                               | 25     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.04. | Limitation on suits by holders of Securities                                                             | 26     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.05. | (a) Remedies cumulative                                                                                  | 26     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
|          | (b) Delay or omission in exercise of rights not waiver of default                                        | 26     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.06. | Rights of holders of majority in principal amount of Securities to direct Trustee and to waive defaults  | 27     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.07. | Trustee to give notice of defaults known to it, but may withhold in certain circumstances                | 27     |
|          |                                                                                                     |   |
| SECTION 6.08. | Requirements of an undertaking to pay costs in certain suits under Indenture or against Trustee          | 27     |

| SECTION 7.01. | a) Upon Event of Default occurring and continuing, Trustee shall exercise powers vested in it, and use same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as prudent individual would use            | 28     |
|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          | (b) Trustee not relieved from liability for negligence or willful misconduct except as provided in this section                                                                                    | 28     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          | (1) Prior to Event of Default and after the curing of all Events of Default which may have occurred                                                                                                | 28     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          | (i) Trustee not liable except for performance of duties specifically set forth                                                                                                                     | 28     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          | (ii) In absence of bad faith, Trustee may conclusively rely on certificates or opinions furnished it hereunder, subject to duty to examine the same if specifically required to be furnished to it | 28     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                               |   |
|          | (2) Trustee not liable for error of judgment made in good faith by responsible officer unless Trustee negligent                                                                                    | 29     |

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|          | (3) Trustee not liable for action or non-action in accordance with direction of holders of majority in principal amount of Securities                        | 29     |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (4) Trustee need not expend own funds without adequate indemnity                                                                                             | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 7.02. | Subject to provisions of Section 7.01:                                                                                                                       |   |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (a) Trustee may rely on documents believed genuine and properly signed or presented                                                                          | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (b) Sufficient evidence by certain instruments provided for                                                                                                  | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (c) Trustee may consult with counsel and act on advice or Opinion of Counsel                                                                                 | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (d) Trustee may require indemnity from Securityholders                                                                                                       | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (e) Trustee not liable for actions in good faith believed to be authorized                                                                                   | 29     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (f) Prior to Event of Default Trustee not bound to investigate facts or matters stated in certificates, etc., unless requested in writing by Securityholders | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (g) Trustee may perform duties directly or through agents or attorneys                                                                                       | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 7.03. | (a) Trustee not liable for recitals in Indenture or in Securities                                                                                            | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (b) No representations by Trustee as to validity or Indenture or of Securities                                                                               | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (c) Trustee not accountable for use of Securities or proceeds                                                                                                | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 7.04. | Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar may own Securities                                                                                               | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 7.05. | Moneys received by Trustee to be held in trust without interest                                                                                              | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 7.06. | (a) Trustee entitled to compensation, reimbursement and indemnity                                                                                            | 30     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                         |   |
|          | (b) Obligations to Trustee to be secured by lien prior to Securities                                                                                         | 31     |

----

| SECTION 7.07. | Right of Trustee to rely on certificate of officers of Company where no other evidence specifically prescribed                                                                                      | 31     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.08. | (a) Trustee acquiring conflicting interest to eliminate conflict or resign                                                                                                                          | 31     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (b) Notice to Securityholders in case of failure to comply with subsection (a)                                                                                                                      | 31     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (c) Definition of conflicting interest                                                                                                                                                              | 31     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (d) Definition of certain terms                                                                                                                                                                     | 34     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (e) Calculation of percentages of Securities                                                                                                                                                        | 35     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (f) Trustee resignation not required under certain circumstances                                                                                                                                    | 36     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.09. | Requirements for eligibility of Trustee                                                                                                                                                             | 36     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.10. | (a) Resignation of Trustee and appointment of successor                                                                                                                                             | 37     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (b) Removal of Trustee by Company or by court on Securityholders� application                                                                                                                | 37     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (c) Removal of Trustee by holders of majority in principal amount of Securities                                                                                                                     | 38     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (d) Time when resignation or removal of Trustee effective                                                                                                                                           | 38     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (e) One Trustee for each series                                                                                                                                                                     | 38     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.11. | (a) Acceptance by successor to Trustee                                                                                                                                                              | 38     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (b) Trustee with respect to less than all series                                                                                                                                                    | 38     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (c) Company to confirm Trustee�s rights                                                                                                                                                      | 39     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (d) Successor Trustee to be qualified                                                                                                                                                               | 39     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
|          | (e) Notice of succession                                                                                                                                                                            | 39     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.12. | Successor to Trustee by merger, consolidation or succession to business                                                                                                                             | 39     |
|          |                                                                                                                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 7.13. | (a) Limitations on rights of Trustee as a creditor to obtain payment of certain claims within four months prior to default or during default, or to realize on property as such creditor thereafter | 39     |

----

|   | (b) Certain creditor relationships excluded | 42     |
|--------|---------------------------------------------|--------|
|   |                                        |   |
|   | (c) Definition of certain terms             | 42     |

| SECTION 8.01. | Evidence of action by Securityholders                                                               | 43     |
|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 8.02. | Proof of execution of instruments and of holding of Securities                                      | 43     |
|          |                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 8.03. | Who may be deemed owners of Securities                                                              | 44     |
|          |                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 8.04. | Securities owned by Company or controlled or controlling companies disregarded for certain purposes | 44     |
|          |                                                                                                |   |
| SECTION 8.05. | Instruments executed by Securityholders bind future holders                                         | 44     |

| SECTION 9.01. | Purposes for which supplemental indenture may be entered into without consent of Securityholders | 45     |
|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|          |                                                                                             |   |
| SECTION 9.02. | Modification of Indenture with consent of Securityholders                                        | 46     |
|          |                                                                                             |   |
| SECTION 9.03. | Effect of supplemental indentures                                                                | 46     |
|          |                                                                                             |   |
| SECTION 9.04. | Securities may bear notation of changes by supplemental indentures                               | 47     |
|          |                                                                                             |   |
| SECTION 9.05. | Opinion of Counsel                                                                               | 47     |

| SECTION 10.01. | Consolidations or mergers of Company and sales or conveyances of property of Company permitted | 47     |
|----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|           |                                                                                           |   |
| SECTION 10.02. | (a) Rights and duties of successor company                                                     | 47     |
|           |                                                                                           |   |
|           | (b) Appropriate changes may be made in phraseology and form of Securities                      | 48     |

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|           | (c) Company may consolidate or merge into itself or acquire properties of other corporations | 48     |
|----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|           |                                                                                         |   |
| SECTION 10.03. | Opinion of Counsel                                                                           | 48     |

| SECTION 11.01. | Satisfaction and discharge of Indenture                             | 48     |
|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|           |                                                                |   |
| SECTION 11.02. | Discharge of Company�s Obligations                           | 49     |
|           |                                                                |   |
| SECTION 11.03. | Application by Trustee of funds deposited for payment of Securities | 49     |
|           |                                                                |   |
| SECTION 11.04. | Repayment of moneys held by paying agent                            | 49     |
|           |                                                                |   |
| SECTION 11.05. | Repayment of moneys held by Trustee                                 | 49     |

| SECTION 12.01. | Incorporators, stockholders, officers and directors of Company exempt from individual liability | 50 |
|----------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|

| SECTION 13.01. | Successors and assigns of Company bound by Indenture                                                            | 50     |
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|           |                                                                                                            |   |
| SECTION 13.02. | Acts of board, committee or officer of successor company valid                                                  | 50     |
|           |                                                                                                            |   |
| SECTION 13.03. | Surrender of powers by Company                                                                                  | 50     |
|           |                                                                                                            |   |
| SECTION 13.04. | Required notices or demands may be served by mail                                                               | 50     |
|           |                                                                                                            |   |
| SECTION 13.05. | Indenture and Securities to be construed in accordance with laws of the State of Illinois                       | 51     |
|           |                                                                                                            |   |
| SECTION 13.06. | (a) Officers� Certificate and Opinion of Counsel to be furnished upon applications or demands by Company | 51     |

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|           | (b) Statements to be included in each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with condition or covenant | 51     |
|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
|           |                                                                                                               |   |
| SECTION 13.07. | Payments due on Sundays or holidays                                                                                | 51     |
|           |                                                                                                               |   |
| SECTION 13.08. | Provisions required by Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to control                                                      | 51     |
|           |                                                                                                               |   |
| SECTION 13.09. | Indenture may be executed in counterparts                                                                          | 51     |
|           |                                                                                                               |   |
| SECTION 13.10. | Separability of Indenture provisions                                                                               | 51     |

| ACCEPTANCE OF TRUST BY TRUSTEE | 52     |
|--------------------------------|--------|
|                           |   |
| TESTIMONIUM                    | 52     |
|                           |   |
| SIGNATURES AND SEALS           | 52     |
|                           |   |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                | 53     |

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|   | GTE NORTH INCORPORATED |           |
|--------|------------------------|----------------|
|   |                   |           |   |
|   | By                     |           |   |
|   |                   | Vice President |   |

| By     |      |   |
|--------|-----------|--------|
|   | Secretary |   |

|   | THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO |           |
|--------|------------------------------------|----------------|
|   | as Trustee                         |           |
|   |                               |           |   |
|   | By                                 |           |   |
|   |                               | Vice President |   |

| By     |                |   |
|--------|---------------------|--------|
|   | Assistant Secretary |   |

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