COURT OF APPEALS

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

EL PASO, TEXAS

DENNIS HILDEBRANT,

 Appellant,

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

 Appellee.

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No. 08-11-00068-CR

Appeal from the

120th Judicial District Court

of El Paso County, Texas 

(TC#20090D04496) 

OPINION ON MOTION FOR REHEARING

Appellant, Dennis Hildebrant has filed a motion for rehearing. We grant Appellant’s 

motion for rehearing, withdraw our opinion and judgment of May 16, 2012, and substitute the 

following opinion and judgment in their place.

Dennis Hildebrant (“Hildebrant” or “Appellant”) appeals his conviction for aggravated 

robbery. In two issues, Hildebrant argues that improper remarks made by the State of Texas 

during closing argument substantially prejudiced his right to a fair trial, and that the State 

impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to the defense. Finding no error, we affirm.

BACKGROUND

On September 22, 2009, Appellant was indicted for the offense of aggravated robbery. 

He pled not guilty and proceeded to a jury trial on January 22, 2010. On January 25, 2010, the 

jury found Appellant guilty of the offense and the case continued into the punishment phase of 

the trial. The jury assessed punishment at 22 years’ confinement in the Institutional Division of 

the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
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On August 31, 2009, Hugo Delgadillo was employed by Sears Department Store in 

El Paso, Texas as a loss prevention officer. On that day at approximately 2 p.m., utilizing a 

video surveillance monitor, Delgadillo observed a male place some pliers in his pants. 

Delgadillo left his office on the second floor and headed towards the exit he thought the person 

would use. Delgadillo approached the individual he had seen on the video monitor, identified 

himself as a loss prevention officer, and asked the person to go back inside the store. As this 

was taking place, Delgadillo saw an F-350, gold colored truck headed towards the area where he 

was with Appellant. When he looked back at Appellant, he saw that Appellant had a knife in his 

hand. Appellant told Delgadillo to “get away or my partner will get out.” When he saw the 

knife, Delgadillo told Appellant to take the merchandise because he was in fear for his life. 

Appellant got into the truck and left the area. Delgadillo then called 911 and provided the 

dispatcher with information regarding what had occurred as well as the license plate number for 

the truck and the direction it was heading.

Officer William Stokes informed the jury that he was able to obtain a local address 

associated with the license plate for the truck and when he arrived at the address observed a 1999 

gold F-350 pick-up truck parked at the address. The truck eventually departed the address and 

officers began following it.

Officer Joshua Cass testified that he saw the vehicle commit a traffic violation when it 

made a right-hand turn without using a turn signal. Officer Rex Parsons testified that he was 

involved in the traffic stop, and that the vehicle was stopped because it had committed a traffic 

violation and because it was believed to have been involved in an aggravated robbery earlier in 

the day. Officer Parsons told the jury that he asked both individuals in the vehicle to step out of 
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the vehicle, and then he separated them so that they could not share information.

Delgadillo testified that El Paso Police Department Officer Lechuga arrived at Sears and 

watched the surveillance video of Appellant. Other officers also spoke with Delgadillo, 

including Officer Alejandro Dominguez who took Delgadillo to the intersection of Yarbrough 

and Alameda Streets in El Paso, Texas where Delgadillo identified the F-350 gold truck. He 

was also able to identify the driver of the truck and Appellant as the shoplifter.

Officer Dominguez testified that he viewed the surveillance video and saw Appellant 

place items in his waistband and attempt to conceal them by “putting the shirt over.” He also 

informed the jury that he was present when Delgadillo identified Appellant and identified the 

other individual as the driver of the truck.

The jury found Appellant guilty of the offense of aggravated robbery. The State 

presented no witnesses during the penalty phase of the trial although several prior judgments 

attributable to Appellant were admitted and Appellant pled true to the State’s Notice of 

Enhancement. Appellant testified that he had an addiction to heroin and told the jury that he

was not a threat to society, despite his prior criminal history. The jury recommended twenty-two 

years’ confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 

The trial court sentenced Appellant in accordance with the jury’s verdict.

DISCUSSION

On appeal, Hildebrant argues that the improper arguments made by the State of Texas 

during closing argument: (1) substantially prejudiced his right to a fair trial; and (2) 

impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to the defense.

Specifically, Appellant complains of the following remarks made by the prosecutor 
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during closing argument:

The State: Defense counsel is right about one thing: If we wanted to allege this 

as just a theft or robbery, we could have, but we didn’t. Why didn’t we? It’s not 

that the State just wanted to win too much, okay? I’m not going to risk my law 

license and all the time I spent in school and all the money I spent to go to

school -- [Emphasis added].

Defense Counsel: Objection, Your Honor. This is a plea to sympathy.

The State: I’m responding to an argument defense counsel made.

The Court: Overruled.

The State: Thank you, Your Honor. I’m not going to risk my law license and 

all that I’ve done and my livelihood for one defendant, okay? And I don’t 

think that the police officers – and specialized officers in this case are going to 

do that either. [Emphasis added].

. . .

The State: Now, defense counsel makes a big deal about why there’s no knife. 

You know, who all here has heard of murder cases where there’s no body and 

there’s no murder weapon? Those things happen, okay? And they still go to 

trial and there are still convictions on those things. There may not be a knife, 

but guess what? Who controls where some of this evidence is? The 

defendant. [Emphasis added].

Defense Counsel: Objection. That’s stating a fact not in evidence.

The Court: Overruled.

Preliminarily, we must determine whether Appellant sufficiently preserved his complaints 

for our review.

We review a trial court’s ruling on an objection to a jury argument under an abuse of 

discretion standard. See York v. State, 258 S.W.3d 712, 717 (Tex.App.--Waco 2008, pet. ref’d).

To preserve error regarding improper jury argument, a party is required to continue to object each 

time improper jury argument is offered. Dickerson v. State, 866 S.W.2d 696, 699 
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(Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, pet. ref’d). A defendant ordinarily should: (1) 

contemporaneously object to the statement; (2) request an instruction that the jury disregard the 

statement if the objection is sustained; and (3) move for a mistrial if the instruction is granted.

Cooks v. State, 844 S.W.2d 697, 727-28 (Tex.Crim.App. 1992), cert. denied, 509 U.S. 927, 113 

S.Ct. 3048, 125 L.Ed.2d 732 (1993). However, while this sequence is not essential to preserve 

complaints for appellate review, the essential requirement is a timely, specific request that the 

trial court refuses. Young v. State, 137 S.W.3d 65, 69 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004). “[A]n event that 

could have been prevented by timely objection or cured by instruction to the jury will not lead an 

appellate court to reverse a judgment on an appeal by the party who did not request these lesser 

remedies in the trial court.” Young, 137 S.W.3d at 70. Moreover, the appellate complaint 

challenging the motion for mistrial must comport with the motion made at trial. Broxton v. 

State, 909 S.W.2d 912, 918 (Tex.Crim.App. 1995). The mistrial motion must be timely, that is, 

it must be made as soon as the grounds for the mistrial become apparent. Griggs v. State, 213 

S.W.3d 923, 927 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007).

Here, counsel lodged a single objection to each of the complained arguments. The trial 

court overruled each objection. No request for a running objection was made, but given the fact 

that the prosecutor did not continue along the objectionable line of questioning, no such request 

was necessary. Appellant did not request an instruction from the trial court that the jury be 

ordered to disregard the prosecutor’s statements, nor did he make a motion for mistrial, but given 

that the objections were overruled, no such requests were necessary. We conclude that counsel 

preserved his arguments for review.

Next, we note that a trial court has a great deal of discretion to control the scope of 
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closing arguments. Lemos v. State, 130 S.W.3d 888, 892 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2004, no pet.). 

Parties may draw reasonable, fair, and legitimate inferences from the evidence presented at trial.

See Allridge v. State, 762 S.W.2d 146, 156 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988). The standard is whether, in 

light of the record as a whole, there is a reasonable possibility the improper argument might have 

contributed to appellant’s conviction. See Wilson v. State, 938 S.W.2d 57, 61 (Tex.Crim.App.

1996).

In determining whether the State engaged in improper jury argument, we consider the 

entire argument presented, not isolated sentences. Rodriguez v. State, 90 S.W.3d 340, 364 

(Tex.App.--El Paso 2001, pet. ref’d). Generally, proper jury argument consists of: (1) 

summation of the evidence; (2) reasonable deductions from the evidence; (3) answer to argument 

of opposing counsel; and (4) a plea for law enforcement. Jackson v. State, 17 S.W.3d 664, 673 

(Tex.Crim.App. 2000); Morales v. State, 11 S.W.3d 460, 463 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2000, pet. 

ref’d).

Under most circumstances, improper jury argument may be cured by an instruction to 

disregard, unless “in light of the record as a whole it was extreme or manifestly improper, 

violative of a mandatory statute, or injected new facts harmful to the accused.” Hawkins v. 

State, 135 S.W.3d 72, 75 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004), citing Cooks, 844 S.W.2d at 727.

We are also obligated to consider whether Appellant’s substantial rights were harmed by 

the arguments made by the State. See Casey v. State, 215 S.W.3d 870, 885 (Tex.Crim.App. 

2007). A substantial right is affected when the error had a substantial and injurious effect or 

influence on the jury’s verdict. Id.

As noted above, where closing argument exceeds the permissible bounds of approved 
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areas, it will not constitute reversible error unless, in light of the record as a whole, the argument 

is extreme or manifestly improper, violative of a mandatory statute, or injects new facts harmful 

to the accused into the trial proceeding. Wesbrook v. State, 29 S.W.3d 103, 115 (Tex.Crim.App.

2000), citing Todd v. State, 598 S.W.2d 286, 296-97 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980). “The remarks must 

have been a willful and calculated effort on the part of the State to deprive appellant of a fair and 

impartial trial.” Wesbrook, 29 S.W.3d at 115, citing Cantu v. State, 939 S.W.2d 627, 633 

(Tex.Crim.App.), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 994, 118 S.Ct. 557, 139 L.Ed.2d 399 (1997).

When analyzing any harm that may have been caused by an improper jury argument, we 

examine the following factors: (1) the severity of the misconduct (the magnitude of the 

prejudicial effect of the prosecutor’s remarks); (2) measures adopted to cure the misconduct (the 

efficacy of any cautionary instruction by the judge); and (3) the certainty of conviction absent the 

misconduct (the strength of the evidence supporting the conviction). Ramon v. State, 159 

S.W.3d 927, 929 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004), citing Mosley v. State, 983 S.W.2d 249, 259 

(Tex.Crim.App. 1998)(op. on reh’g), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1070, 119 S.Ct. 1466, 143 L.Ed.2d 

550 (1999).

We conclude, after considering the entire argument presented, as well as the record as a 

whole, that the remarks made by the prosecutor were responsive to issues raised by Appellant’s 

counsel during his closing argument, including, inter alia, his remark “[i]t’s just another example 

of the State just wanting to win too badly.” The magnitude of the prejudicial effect of the 

prosecutor’s comments was de minimis, at best. The prosecutor’s remarks were not a willful 

and calculated effort to deprive Appellant of a fair and impartial trial. Finally, the strength of 

the evidence against Appellant was overwhelming, even absent the remarks made by the 
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prosecutor. In light of the record as a whole, there is no reasonable possibility that the 

prosecutor’s comments contributed to Appellant’s conviction, nor did they substantially 

prejudice his right to a fair trial. See Wilson v. State, 938 S.W.2d 57, 61 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996).

Appellant also contends that the State impermissibly shifted the burden of proof to the 

defense when the prosecutor made reference to the fact that a defendant controls where some 

evidence might be located. The arguments made in support of his contention direct this Court to 

cases involving improper jury argument. We have already determined that there is no 

reasonable possibility that the comments made by the prosecutor contributed to Appellant’s 

conviction and did not substantially prejudice his right to a fair trial. Id.

To the extent that the prosecutor’s comment could be construed as an attempt to suggest 

to the jury that the defendant had any type of a burden of proof in the case, such argument would 

have been improper. See Ex parte Drinkert, 821 S.W.2d 953 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). However, 

viewed in its context, it is clear that the prosecutor was not attempting to shift the burden of 

proof. She was merely responding to arguments made by the defense that the State had failed to 

produce the knife used by Appellant during the commission of the offense. Appellant’s 

characterization of the prosecutor’s remarks as constituting “burden shifting” are therefore 

inaccurate.

Appellant’s issues are both overruled.

CONCLUSION

Having overruled both of Appellant’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

July 5, 2012
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CHRISTOPHER ANTCLIFF, Justice

Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Antcliff, JJ.

(Do Not Publish)