United States Court of Appeals,

Fifth Circuit.

No. 92-3877

Summary Calendar.

Donald BILLIZON, Plaintiff-Appellant,

and

Danos & Curole Marine Contractors, Inc. and The Gray Insurance Company, IntervenorsAppellants,

v.

CONOCO, INC. et al., Defendants-Appellees.

June 15, 1993.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

Before REAVLEY, DAVIS and DeMOSS, Circuit Judges.

REAVLEY, Circuit Judge:

Donald Billizo n sued Conoco, Inc. to recover damages for injuries he suffered while working

on an offshore platform operated by Conoco. At the time of his accident, Billizon was employed by

Danos & Curole Marine Contractors, Inc. (D & C), which supplies workers to oil and gas producers.

D & C had assigned Billizo n to work for Conoco as a pumper. The district court entered summary

judgment in favor of Conoco on the ground that Billizon was Conoco's "borrowed

employee"—granting Conoco tort immuni t y under the Longshore and Harbor Workers'

Compensation Act, 33 U.S.C. § 905(a). We affirm.

To determine borrowed-employee status, we consider nine factors:

(1) Who had control over the employee and the work he was performing, beyond mere suggestion

of details or cooperation?

(2) Whose work was being performed?

(3) Was there an agreement, understanding, or meeting of the minds between the original and t he

borrowing employer?

(4) Did the employee acquiesce in the new work situation?

(5) Did the original employer terminate his relationship with the employee?(6) Who furnished tools and place for performance?

(7) Was the new employment over a considerable length of time?

(8) Who had the right to discharge the employee?

(9) Who had the obligation to pay the employee?

Brow n v. Union Oil Co. of California, 984 F.2d 674, 676 (5th Cir.1993). The question of

borrowed-employee status is a question of law for the district court to determine. But in some cases,

factual disputes must be resolved before the district court can make its legal determination. S ee, e.g.,

id. at 679 (factual issues concerning factors 1 and 3); M elancon v. Amoco Prod. Co., 834 F.2d 1238,

1245 n. 13 (5th Cir.) (factual issue concerning factor 3), reh'g granted on other grounds, 841 F.2d

572 (5th Cir.1988).

While working for Conoco, Billizo n maintained the flow of oil and gas from a production

platform. John Jackson, a Conoco employee, supervised the plat fo rm on which Billizon worked.

When Billizo n arrived on the job, a Conoco employe e familiarized him with the work procedures.

Billizon attended daily tailgate meetings conducted by Jackson to discuss safety and work-relat ed

issues. Jackson talked to Billizo n daily either in person or by telephone. Conoco required Billizon

t o keep a work log, which was reviewed by Jackson. No D & C supervisors were in the field t o

oversee Bil lizon's work. Conoco provided the place for performance as well as Billizon's

transportation, food, and lodging. Billizon worked for Conoco for more than three months. Conoco

did not hav e t he right to terminate Billizon's employment with D & C, but it had the right to end

Billizo n's association with Conoco. D & C paid Billizon, but his pay was based on time tickets

verified by Conoco.

In this case, on ly the third factor—agreement, understanding, or meeting of the minds

between the original and the borrowed employer—could possibly support Billizo n's contention that

he was not a borrowed employee. The service contract governing the relationship between Conoco

and D & C provides that employees of D & C are not employees of Conoco. However, the reality

of the work site and the actions of Conoco and D & C suggest that the two employers had the

contrary "understanding or meeting of the minds." Cf. Melancon, 834 F.2d at 1245 & n. 13. This1 See Brow n, 984 F.2d at 679 (Factor 7 is neutral where the length of employment (one month)

is not considerable.). court has held many times that no single factor is determinative. S ee, e.g., Brown, 984 F.2d at 676;

see also Melancon, 834 F.2d at 1245 ("[P]arties to a contract cannot automatically prevent a legal

status like "borrowed employee' from arising merely by saying in a provision in their contract that it

cannot arise.").

The question in this case is whether the existence of a contract provi si

on purporti

ng to

prohibit borrowed-employee status makes the district court's summary judgment inappropriate, given

that such a contract provision could create a factual dispute on the third factor if the other factors

were disregarded. Previously faced with this issue, this court has concluded that summary judgment

is appropriate where the remaining factors clearly point to borrowed employee status. See Brow n,

984 F.2d at 678 n. 5; A lexander v. Chevron, U.S .A., 806 F.2d 526, 529 (5th Cir.1986) (citing

Guadet v. Exxon Corp., 562 F.2d 351, 358 (5th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 436 U.S. 913, 98 S.Ct. 2253,

56 L.Ed. 2d 414 (1978)). Here, factors 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 support borrowed employ er status.

Factor 7 is neutral, 1 but the neutrality of factor 7 is insufficient to render the district court's summary

judgment inappropriate.

Even if we assume that factor 3 weighs in favor of Billizo n's position, the summary judgment

record establishes that Billizon was Conoco's borrowed employee. We affirm the district court's

summary judgment in favor of Conoco. C ompare Brown, 984 F.2d at 677, 679 (factual issue existed

concerning factor 1, who controlled the employee's work).

AFFIRMED.