# Patent

## Title
Apparatus for removing toxic material from toxic weapon projectiles

## Abstract

An apparatus useful in the removal of toxic materials from toxic weapon projectiles has a base, a projectile retaining container and a ram. The projectile retaining container has a projectile retainer opening, a ram opening and a drain opening. The projectile retaining container is adapted to retain a toxic weapon projectile in the projectile retainer opening. The ram is adapted to extend into a toxic weapon projectile disposed within the projectile retaining container to crush the projectile's burster well and to thereby release toxic materials to the drain opening in the projectile retaining container. The ram alternatively includes high pressure water nozzles for breaking up any coagulant particles and for thoroughly rinsing the interior side walls of the toxic weapon projectile.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/763,434, filed on Jan. 21, 2004 now abandoned.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The removal of toxic materials from toxic weapon projectiles, such as chemical weapon projectiles, is a major problem for all nations having aging toxic weapons. Typically, the toxic materials within such projectiles are extremely lethal and cannot be dealt with except under extremely secured conditions.
Many of the toxic materials used in toxic chemical weapon projectiles are liquid in form. For such projectiles, prior methods for removing the toxic material from the projectiles generally entail disposing a suction tube into the toxic agent cavity of the projectiles and vacuuming out the toxic material from the cavity. The problems with such methods are several-fold. First of all, the methods are of no use where some or all of the toxic materials are non-liquid in form. This is a considerable problem because many of the liquid toxic materials tend to coagulate with age and form large solid masses within the toxic agent cavity. Secondly, such prior art methods do nothing towards removing the considerable amount of toxic materials which continue to adhere to the interior walls of the projectile.
Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus for removing toxic materials from toxic weapon projectiles which avoids these problems in the prior art in a simple, inexpensive and efficient manner.
SUMMARY
The invention satisfies this need. The invention is an apparatus useful in the removal of toxic material from a toxic weapon projectile having a casing, a burster well, a base and an ogive. The apparatus comprises a) a base, b) a projectile retaining container disposed on the base for accepting and retaining the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile, the projectile retaining container having a projectile retainer opening, a ram opening and a drain opening, c) a ram disposed on the base and extending upwards through the ram opening into the projectile retaining container, the ram including a ram head having one or more spray nozzles, the ram being extendible and retractable between (1) a retracted ram position wherein the ram is disposed proximate to the ram opening, and (2) an extended ram position wherein the ram is disposed distal to the ram opening; d) a projectile retainer opening seal for sealing the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile within the projectile retaining opening; and e) a ram opening seal for sealing the ram within the ram opening.



DRAWINGS
These features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims and accompanying figures where:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical toxic weapon projectile useable in the apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective of an apparatus of the invention useful in the removal of toxic materials from toxic weapon projectiles;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 showing a chemical weapon projectile initially mounted in the apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 shown with the projectile rigidly secured within the apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a perspective of the apparatus and projectile illustrated in FIG. 4 showing the ram portion of the apparatus fully extended into the projectile;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional diagram schematically illustrating the interior portions of the projectile retaining container used in the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 2-5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective, exploded view of the ram useable in the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 2-5;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the ram useable in the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 2-5;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the ram illustrated in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional side view of the ram illustrated in FIG. 9, taken along lines 10-10;
FIG. 11A is a perspective cutaway view of a projectile showing how the ram crushes the interior components of the projectile as it extends upwardly;
FIG. 11B is a perspective cutaway view of the projectile illustrated in FIG. 11A showing how the projectile is rotated while the interior of the projectile is washed with high pressure washing fluid;
FIG. 11C is a perspective cutaway view of the projectile illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B showing the interior of the projectile after the ram is retracted therefrom; and
FIG. 12 is a front view of the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 2-5.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following discussion describes in detail one embodiment of the invention and several variations of that embodiment. This discussion should not be construed, however, as limiting the invention to those particular embodiments. Practitioners skilled in the art will recognize numerous other embodiments as well.
The invention is directed to the removal of toxic materials 1 from a toxic weapon projectile 2 such as illustrated in FIG. 1. A typical toxic weapon projectile 2 has a steel outer casing 3 and a centrally disposed burster well 4. The burster well 4 and the outer steel casing 3 cooperate together to define and seal off a toxic agent cavity 5. When the projectile 2 is ready to be detoxified, the projectile's conical fuse has been removed from the ogive 6 of the projectile 2 and all explosive material has been removed from the burster well 4. The removal of the projectile's conical fuse leaves a central opening 7 in the ogive 6.
The invention is a unique apparatus 10 and a method for using the apparatus 10. The apparatus 10 comprises a base 12, a projectile retaining container 14 and a ram 16.
The base 12 can be of any suitable size and shape capable of retaining a toxic weapon projectile 2, the projectile retaining container 14 and the ram 16 during operation. Typically, the base 12 is made with steel structural components.
The projectile retaining container 14 is disposed on the base 12 and is adapted for accepting and retaining the ogive 6 of a toxic weapon projectile 2. The projectile retaining container 14 defines a projectile retainer opening 18, a ram opening 20 and a drain opening 22. The projectile retaining container 14 is best understood by reference to FIG. 6.
The projectile retaining container 14 also includes a projectile retainer opening seal 24 for sealing the ogive 6 of a toxic weapon projectile 2 within the projectile retaining opening 18. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the projectile retainer opening seal 24 is provided by a liner 26 disposed within the interior of the projectile retaining container 14. The liner 26 is typically made from a fluorocarbon polymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, marketed by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Del. under the Teflon® trademark. The liner 26 is retained within the projectile retaining container 14 by a liner retention ring 28. Preferably, the liner 26 is biased towards the top of the projectile retaining container 14 by springs 30 or other biasing means disposed between the liner retention ring 28 and the liner 26.
A resilient gasket 32, such as a rubber gasket, is attached to the bottom of the liner 26 to provide a primary means for preventing toxic material from upwardly escaping through the projectile retainer opening 18 along the sides of the ogive 6. Preferably, the interface between the ogive 6 and the liner 26 also forms a tortuous path to further impede the escape of toxic material from the projectile retainer opening 18.
The ram 16 is disposed on the base 12 and extends into the ram opening 20 in the projectile retaining container 14. The ram 16 is extendable and retractable between (1) a retracted ram position wherein the ram 16 is disposed proximal to the ram opening 20, and (2) an extended ram position wherein the ram 16 is disposed distal to the ram opening 20. In a typical embodiment, the travel distance between the retracted ram position and the extended ram position is between about 41⁄8 inches and 65⁄8 inches.
The ram 16 includes a ram head 34 which comprises a ram head cap 36 retained on the ram 16 by a ram head cap bolt 38.
The diameter of the ram 16 is chosen to closely match the diameter of the central opening 7 in the ogive 6 of the projectile 2 into which the ram 16 will be extended. For example, where the projectile 2 is a 105 mm projectile or a 155 mm projectile, the diameter of the central opening 7 in the ogive 6 is 1.845 inches. For these projectiles 2, the diameter of the ram 16 is chosen in one embodiment to be about 1.75 inches, leaving an annulus between the ram 16 and the central opening 7 in the ogive 6 of less than about 0.05 inches, for example about 0.047 inches. Choosing the diameter of the ram 16 to match the central opening 7 in the ogive 6 in this manner, effectively prevents the escape of any large coagulant particles within the toxic materials 1 from the projectile 2 along the ram 16 and into the projectile retaining container 14. This aspect of the invention is significant because it precludes the necessity for specialized downstream equipment to collect and process large coagulant particles.
The ram 16 is adapted with appropriate hydraulic equipment 40 to extend upwardly and retract downwardly. In a typical embodiment, the ram 16 is designed to deliver at least about 100 tons of force across the ram head 34. In operation, the ram 16 typically delivers between about 50 tons of force and 60 tons of force during the time the ram 16 is used to crush the burster well 4 of the projectile 2 (as described below).
Preferably, the ram 16 includes one or more spray nozzles 42 capable of accepting washing fluid at pressures in excess of 5,000 psig and dispensing such washing fluid at high velocities.
As can be most easily seen in FIG. 6, a ram opening seal 44 is disposed within the ram opening 20 to seal the ram 16 to the projectile retaining container 14.
Preferably, the apparatus 10 further comprises a rotator 46 for rotating a toxic weapon projectile 2 retained within the projectile retaining container 14. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the rotator 46 comprises a drive wheel capable of contacting the exterior of a toxic weapon projectile 2 disposed within the apparatus 10 and rotating such projectile 2 about its longitudinal axis. The apparatus further comprises a plurality of idler wheels 47 to help retain the projectile 2 in place during its rotation.
The apparatus 10 also preferably comprises a projectile base end retainer member 48 for rigidly retaining a toxic weapon projectile 2 within the apparatus 10. The projectile base end retainer member 48 is best seen in FIGS. 2-5. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the projectile base end retainer member 48 disposed in a first retainer member position wherein the projectile base end retainer member 48 is directly above the projectile retaining container 14 so as to contact the base end 50 of the projectile 2 disposed within the projectile retaining container 14 and to rigidly retain the projectile 2 with the projectile retaining container 14. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the projectile base end retainer member 48 in a second retainer member position wherein the projectile base end retainer member 48 is not disposed directly above the projectile retaining container 14, so as to facilitate the installation and uninstallation of a toxic weapon projectile 2 into and from the apparatus 10.
In operation, the projectile base end retainer member 48 is moved to the second retainer member position and a toxic weapon projectile 2, without fuse and explosive materials, is disposed downwardly into the projectile retaining container 14. The projectile base end member 48 is then moved to the first retainer member position, whereby the projectile base end retainer member 48 firmly retains the projectile 2 within the apparatus 10.
The ram 16 is then extended from the retracted ram position towards the extended ram position. As the ram 16 extends towards the extended ram position, it pushes upwardly into the toxic weapon projectile 2. As the ram 16 pushes upwardly into the toxic weapon projectile 2, it crushes the burster well 4, as illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11C. As this occurs, the toxic material 1 within the toxic agent cavity 5 is released and gravitates downwardly out through the open lower end of the projectile 2 and into the projectile retaining container 14, from where it is removed from the projectile retaining container 14 via the drain opening 22.
After the ram 16 has crushed the burster well 4 as illustrated in FIG. 11C, it is withdrawn towards the retracted ram position a short distance of between about one quarter inch and about one inch, typically about one half inch by retracting the ram 16. By retracting the ram 16, the ram 16 tends to become disengaged from the burster well 4, allowing the projectile 2 to rotate. Thereafter, high pressure water or other suitable washing fluid is sprayed from the one or more spray nozzles 42 in the ram 16 to effectively break up most all coagulated toxic materials 1 and to thoroughly flush most remaining toxic materials 1 from the interior walls of the projectile 2. As the high pressure washing fluid is emitted from the one or more spray nozzles 42, the projectile 2 is rotated by the rotator 46 so that extreme turbulence is generated throughout the entirety of the toxic materials 1 (to break up most all coagulant particles), and so that all portions of the interior walls of the projectile 2 are thoroughly flushed with washing fluid. All of the washing fluid gravitates out of the projectile 2 and into the projectile retaining container 14 from where it is removed via the drain opening 22. Because the diameter of the ram 16 is chosen to closely match the diameter of the central opening 7 in the ogive 6, the annulus between the ram 16 and the central opening 7 is very small, so that only very small particles can escape into the projectile retaining container 14. In embodiments wherein the difference between the diameter of the ram 16 and the central opening 7 is less than about 0.1 inch, generally only particles of 0.05 inch or smaller can escape into the projectile retaining container 14.
After the projectile 2 has been flushed in the manner described above, the projectile 2 retains less than about 2% (by weight), typically less than about 0.1% (by weight), of its initial toxic material pay load. Thereafter, the projectile base end retainer member 48 is moved from the first retainer member position to the second retainer member position and the projectile 2 is removed from the apparatus 10 for further detoxification.
The invention provides a simple but reliable apparatus and method for removing most of the toxic materials from toxic weapon projectiles.
Having thus described the invention, it should be apparent that numerous structural modifications and adaptations may be resorted to without departing from the scope and fair meaning of the instant invention as set forth hereinabove.

## Claims

1. An apparatus useful in the removal of toxic material from a toxic weapon projectile having a casing, a burster well, a base and an ogive, the apparatus comprising:
a) a base;
b) a projectile retaining container disposed on the base for accepting and retaining the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile, the projectile retaining container having a projectile retainer opening, a ram opening and a drain opening;
c) a ram disposed on the base and extending upwards through the ram opening into the projectile retaining container, the ram including a ram head having one or more spray nozzles, the ram being extendible and retractable between (1) a retracted ram position wherein the ram is disposed proximate to the ram opening, and (2) an extended ram position wherein the ram is disposed distal to the ram opening, the ram being capable of delivering sufficient force across the ram head to crush the burster well of a toxic weapon projectile retained within the projectile retaining container;
d) a projectile retainer opening seal for sealing the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile within the projectile retaining opening; and
e) a ram opening seal for sealing the ram within the ram opening.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a rotator for rotating a toxic weapon projectile retained within the projectile retaining container.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a projectile base end retainer member.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the projectile base end retainer member is moveable between (1) a first retainer member position wherein the retainer member is directly above the projectile retaining container and (2) a second retainer member position wherein the retainer member is not disposed directly above the projectile retaining container.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the projectile retaining container has a projectile retaining container upper portion and a projectile retaining container lower portion, and wherein the projectile retainer opening is defined in the projectile retaining container upper portion and the ram opening and the drain opening are defined in the projectile retaining container lower portion.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the projectile retainer opening seal comprises a fluorocarbon polymer liner disposed within the projectile retaining container.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ram is capable of delivering at least about 100 tons of force across the ram head.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more spray nozzles are capable of accepting washing fluid at pressures in excess of 5,000 psig.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ogive of the projectile defines a round central ogive opening having a diameter, wherein the ram has a circular cross-section with a diameter, and wherein the difference between the diameter of the central ogive opening and the diameter of the ram is less than about 0.1 inch.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ram is capable of delivering between about 50 tons of force and about 60 tons of force across the ram head.

11. An apparatus useful in the removal of toxic material from a toxic weapon projectile having a casing, a burster well, a base and an ogive, the apparatus comprising:
a) a base;
b) a projectile retaining container having an upper portion and a lower portion, the projectile retaining container being disposed on the base for accepting and retaining the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile, the projectile retaining container defining a projectile retainer opening in the upper portion of the projectile retaining container, a ram opening in the lower portion of the projectile retaining container and a drain opening in the lower portion of the projectile retaining container;
c) a ram disposed on the base and extending upwards through the ram opening into the projectile retaining container, the ram including a ram head having one or more spray nozzles, the ram being extendible and retractable between (1) a retracted ram position wherein the ram is disposed proximate to the ram opening, and (2) an extended ram position wherein the ram is disposed distal to the ram opening;
d) a projectile retainer opening seal for sealing the ogive of a toxic weapon projectile within the projectile retaining opening;
e) a ram opening seal for sealing the ram within the ram opening;
f) a rotator for rotating a toxic weapon projectile retained within the projectile retaining container; and
g) a projectile base end retaining member, the projectile base end retaining member being moveable between (1) a first retainer member position wherein the retainer member is directly above the projectile retaining container and (2) a second retainer member position wherein the retainer member is not disposed directly above the projectile retaining container.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the projectile retainer opening seal comprises a fluorocarbon polymer liner disposed within the projectile retaining container.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the ogive of the projectile defines a round central ogive opening having a diameter, wherein the ram has a circular cross-section with a diameter, and wherein the difference between the diameter of the central ogive opening and the diameter of the ram is less than about 0.1 inch.

14. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the ram is capable of delivering between about 50 tons of force and about 60 tons of force across the ram head.