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                            Library & Multimedia
 Unintended Effects of Penal Reform: African American Presence, Incarceration, and the Abolition of Discretionary Parole in the United States
NCJ Number
              249293
Journal

*Crime & Delinquency* Volume: 61 Issue: 5 Dated: June 2015 Pages: 719-741
Author(s)
          Andres F. Rengifo;
                        Don  Stemen
Date Published

June 2015
Length
              23 pages
Annotation
              This study used a pooled-time series design to examine the interplay between State incarceration rates, determinate sentencing, and the size of the African-American population between 1978 and 2004.
Abstract
              Consistent with prior research, findings show that larger Black populations are associated with higher incarceration rates, but that this association has weakened over time. Results also indicate that determinate sentencing is associated with lower imprisonment rates. The interaction between a higher proportion of African-American residents and determinate sentencing, however, is associated with higher incarceration rates, suggesting that in States with greater minority presence the abolition of discretionary parole amplifies the impact of punitive responses linked to racial threat. The authors argue that this unintended effect reflects the fact that formal constraints on release decisionmaking reduce the ability of justice systems to administer greater punishments to specific subpopulations. (Publisher abstract modified)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2002-IJ-CX-0027


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)
                                Report (Study/Research)
                                Report (Grant Sponsored)


  
  
        
  Award
        Of Fragmentation and Ferment: State Sentencing and Correctio
    
  
  
Date Published: June 1, 2015
    
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      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Abolishment of parole
        Black
        Black/African Americans
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        Corrections policies



  
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