# Patent

## Title
Performance testing apparatus for heat pipes

## Abstract

A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a heating member located therein for heating an evaporating section of the heat pipe, and a movable portion capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the evaporating section of the heat pipe therein. A concavo-convex cooperating structure is defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for avoiding the movable portion from deviating from the immovable portion to ensure the receiving structure being capable of receiving the heat pipe precisely. At least one temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion for detecting temperature of the heat pipe.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to testing apparatuses, and more particularly to a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
It is well known that a heat pipe is generally a vacuum-sealed pipe. A porous wick structure is provided on an inner face of the pipe, and phase changeable working media employed to carry heat is included in the pipe. Generally, according to where the heat is input or output, a heat pipe has three sections, an evaporating section, a condensing section and an adiabatic section between the evaporating section and the condensing section.
In use, the heat pipe transfers heat from one place to another place mainly by exchanging heat through phase change of the working media. Generally, the working media is a liquid such as alcohol or water and so on. When the working media in the evaporating section of the heat pipe is heated up, it evaporates, and a pressure difference is thus produced between the evaporating section and the condensing section in the heat pipe. The resultant vapor with high enthalpy rushes to the condensing section and condenses there. Then the condensed liquid reflows to the evaporating section along the wick structure. This evaporating/condensing cycle continually transfers heat from the evaporating section to the condensing section. Due to the continual phase change of the working media, the evaporating section is kept at or near the same temperature as the condensing section of the heat pipe. Heat pipes are used widely owing to their great heat-transfer capability.
In order to ensure the effective working of the heat pipe, the heat pipe generally requires testing before being used. The maximum heat transfer capacity (Qmax) and the temperature difference (ΔT) between the evaporating section and the condensing section are two important parameters in evaluating performance of the heat pipe. When a predetermined quantity of heat is input into the heat pipe through the evaporating section thereof, thermal resistance (Rth) of the heat pipe can be obtained from ΔT, and the performance of the heat pipe can be evaluated. The relationship between these parameters Qmax, Rth and ΔT is Rth=ΔT/Qmax. When the input quantity of heat exceeds the maximum heat transfer capacity (Qmax), the heat cannot be timely transferred from the evaporating section to the condensing section, and the temperature of the evaporating section increases rapidly.
A typical method for testing the performance of a heat pipe is to first insert the evaporating section of the heat pipe into a liquid at constant temperature; after a period of time the temperature of the heat pipe will become stable, then a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple, a resistance thermometer detector (RTD) or the like can be used to measure ΔT between the liquid and the condensing section of the heat pipe to evaluate the performance of the heat pipe. However, Rth and Qmax can not be obtained by this test, and the performance of the heat pipe can not be reflected exactly by this test.
Referring to FIG. 6, a related performance testing apparatus for heat pipes is shown. The apparatus has a resistance wire 1 coiling round an evaporating section 2a of a heat pipe 2, and a water cooling sleeve 3 functioning as a heat sink and enclosing a condensing section 2b of the heat pipe 2. In use, electrical power controlled by a voltmeter and an ammeter flows through the resistance wire 1, whereby the resistance wire 1 heats the evaporating section 2a of the heat pipe 2. At the same time, by controlling flow rate and temperature of cooling liquid entering the cooling sleeve 3, the heat input at the evaporating section 2a can be removed from the heat pipe 2 by the cooling liquid at the condensing section 2b, whereby a stable operating temperature of adiabatic section 2c of the heat pipe 2 is obtained. Therefore, Qmax of the heat pipe 2 and ΔT between the evaporating section 2a and the condensing section 2b can be obtained by temperature sensors 4 at different positions on the heat pipe 2.
However, in the test, the related testing apparatus has the following drawbacks: a) it is difficult to accurately determine lengths of the evaporating section 2a and the condensing section 2b which are important factors in determining the performance of the heat pipe 2; b) heat transference and temperature measurement may easily be affected by environmental conditions; and, c) it is difficult to achieve sufficiently intimate contact between the heat pipe and the heat source and between the heat pipe and the heat sink, which results in uneven performance test results of the heat pipe. Furthermore, due to awkward and laborious assembly and disassembly in the test, the testing apparatus can be only used in the laboratory, and can not be used in the mass production of heat pipes.
In mass production of heat pipes, a large number of performance tests are needed, and the apparatus is used frequently over a long period of time; therefore, the apparatus not only requires good testing accuracy, but also requires easy and accurate assembly to the heat pipes to be tested. The testing apparatus affects the yield and cost of the heat pipes directly; therefore, testing accuracy, facility, speed, consistency, reproducibility and reliability need to be considered when choosing the testing apparatus. Therefore, the testing apparatus needs to be improved in order to meet the demand for mass production of heat pipes.
What is needed, therefore, is a high performance testing apparatus for heat pipes suitable for use in mass production of heat pipes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an immovable portion having a heating member located therein for heating an evaporating section of the heat pipe, and a movable portion capable of moving relative to the immovable portion. A receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the evaporating section of the heat pipe therein. A concavo-convex cooperating structure is defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for avoiding the movable portion from deviating from the immovable portion during the movement of the movable portion relative to the immovable portion to ensure the receiving structure being capable of receiving the heat pipe precisely. At least one temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion for thermally contacting the heat pipe in the receiving structure for detecting temperature of the heat pipe.
Other advantages and novel features will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Many aspects of the present apparatus can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present apparatus. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is an assembled view of a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded, isometric view of the testing apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3A shows a movable portion of a performance testing apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B shows an immovable portion of the testing apparatus in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A shows a movable portion of a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4B shows an immovable portion of the testing apparatus in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5A shows a movable portion of a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes in accordance with a forth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5B shows an immovable portion of the testing apparatus in accordance with the forth embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes in accordance with related art.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a performance testing apparatus for heat pipes in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention comprises an immovable portion 20 and a movable portion 30 movably mounted on the immovable portion 20.
The immovable portion 20 has good heat conductivity and is held on a platform of a supporting member such as a testing table or so on. A heating member (not labeled) such as an immersion heater, resistance coil, quartz tube and Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material or the like is embedded in the immovable portion 20. The immovable portion 20 defines a hole (not shown) through a center of a bottom thereof. In the case, the heating member is an elongated cylinder. The heating member is accommodated in the hole of the immovable portion 20 from bottom of the immovable portion 20. Two spaced wires 220 of the heating member extend from an end of the heating member to connect with a power supply (not shown). The immovable portion 20 has a heating groove 24 defined in a top face thereof, for receiving an evaporating section of the heat pipe to be tested therein. Two temperature sensors 26 are inserted into the immovable portion 20 at two opposite sides of the heating member from the bottom of the immovable portion 20 so as to position detecting portions (not labeled) of the sensors 26 in the heating groove 24. The detection portions of the sensors 26 are capable of automatically contacting the heat pipe in order to detect a temperature of the evaporating section of the heat pipe. In order to prevent heat in the immovable portion 20 from spreading to the supporting member, an insulating plate 28 is disposed on the supporting member for thermally insulating the testing apparatus from the supporting member.
The movable portion 30, corresponding to the heating groove 24 of the immovable portion 20, has a positioning groove 32 defined therein, whereby a testing channel 50 is cooperatively defined by the heating groove 24 and the positioning groove 32 when the movable portion 30 moves to reach the immovable portion 20. Thus, an intimate contact between the heat pipe and the movable and immovable portions 30, 20 defining the channel 50 can be realized, thereby reducing heat resistance between the heat pipe and the movable and immovable portions 30, 20. Two temperature sensors 36 are inserted into the movable portion 30 from a top thereof to reach a position wherein detecting portions (not labeled) of the sensors 36 are located in the positioning groove 32. The detecting portions are capable of automatically contacting the heat pipe to detect the temperature of the evaporating section of the heat pipe.
The movable portion 30 extend two elongated bars 35 downwardly and integrally from a bottom face thereof towards the immovable portion 20. The elongated bars 35 are located at two sides of the groove 32 of the movable portion 30. Corresponding to the bars 35 of the movable portion 30, the immovable portion 20 defines two slots 25 in a top face thereof. The bars 35 are slidably received in the corresponding slots 25. The bars 35 are always received in the slots 25 when the movable portion 30 moves toward the immovable portion 20 to reach a position wherein the bottom face of the movable portion 30 contacts the top face of the immovable portion 20. The bars 35 and the slots 25 concavo-convexly cooperate to avoid the movable portion 30 from deviating from the immovable portion 20 during test of the heat pipes, thereby ensuring the grooves 24, 32 of the immovable, movable portions 20, 30 to precisely align with each other. Accordingly, the channel 50 can be accurately formed for precisely receiving the heat pipe therein for test.
The channel 50 as shown in the preferred embodiment has a circular cross section enabling it to receive the evaporating section of the heat pipe having a correspondingly circular cross section. Alternatively, the channel 50 can have a rectangular cross section where the evaporating section of the heat pipe also has a flat rectangular configuration.
In order to ensure that the heat pipe is in close contact with the movable and immovable portions 30, 20, a supporting frame 10 is used to support and assemble the immovable and movable portions 20, 30. The immovable portion 20 is fixed on the supporting frame 10. A driving device 40 is installed on the supporting frame 10 to drive the movable portion 30 to make accurate linear movement relative to the immovable portion 20 along a vertical direction, thereby realizing the intimate contact between the heat pipe and the movable and immovable portions 30, 20. In this manner, heat resistance between the evaporating section of the heat pipe and the movable and immovable portions 30, 20 can be minimized.
The supporting frame 10 comprises a seat 12. The seat 12 comprises a first plate 14 at a top thereof and two feet 120 depending from the first plate 14. A space 122 is defined between the two feet 120 of the seat 12 for extension of wires of the temperature sensors 26 and the wires 220 of the heating member. The supporting frame 10 has a second plate 16 hovers over the first plate 14. Pluralities of supporting rods 15 interconnect the first and second plates 14, 16 for supporting the second plate 16 above the first plate 14. The seat 12, the second plate 16 and the rods 15 constitute the supporting frame 10 for assembling and positioning the immovable and movable portions 20, 30 therein. In order to prevent heat in the immovable portion 20 from spreading to the first plate 14, the immovable portion 20 is positioned in a pond 285 defined in a top face of the insulating plate 28. The first plate 14 and the insulating plate 28 define corresponding through holes 140, 280 for the wire 220 of the heat member of the immovable portion 20 to extend therethrough to connect with the power supply, and spaced apertures 142, 282 to allow wires of the temperature sensors 26 to extend therethrough to connect with a monitoring computer (not shown).
The driving device 40 in this preferred embodiment is a step motor, although it can be easily apprehended by those skilled in the art that the driving device 40 can also be a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The driving device 40 is installed on the second plate 16 of the supporting frame 10. The driving device 40 is fixed to the second plate 16 above the movable portion 30. A shaft (not labeled) of the driving device 40 extends through the second plate 16 of the supporting frame 10. The shaft has a threaded end (not shown) threadedly engaging with a bolt 42 secured to a board 34 of the movable portion 30. The board 34 is fastened to the movable portion 30. When the shaft rotates, the bolt 42 with the board 34 and the movable portion 30 moves upwardly or downwardly. Two through apertures 342 are defined in the board 34 of the movable portion 30 to allow wires (not labeled) of the temperature sensors 36 to extend therethrough to connect with the monitoring computer. In use, the driving device 40 accurately drives the movable portion 30 to move linearly relative to the immovable portion 20. For example, the movable portion 30 can be driven to depart a certain distance such as 5 millimeters from the immovable portion 20 to facilitate the insertion of the evaporating section of the heat pipe being tested into the channel 50 or withdrawn from the channel 50 after the heat pipe has been tested. In other hand, the movable portion 30 can be driven to move toward the immovable portion 20 to thereby realize an intimate contact between the evaporating section of the heat pipe and the immovable and movable portions 20, 30 during the test. Accordingly, the requirements for testing, i.e. accuracy, ease of use and speed, can be realized by a testing apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
It can be understood, positions of the immovable portion 20 and the movable portion 30 can be exchanged, i.e., the movable portion 30 is located on the first plate 14 of the supporting frame 10, and the immovable portion 20 is fixed to the second plate 16 of the supporting frame 10, and the driving device 40 is positioned to be adjacent to the movable portion 20. Alternatively, the driving device 40 can be installed to the immovable portion 20. Otherwise, each of the immovable and movable portions 20, 30 may have one driving device 40 installed thereon to move them toward/away from each other.
In use, the evaporating section of the heat pipe is received in the channel 50 when the movable portion 30 moves away from the immovable portion 20, with the bars 35 of the movable portion 30 sliding in the slots 25 of the immovable portion 20. The evaporating section of the heat pipe is put in the heating groove 24 of the immovable portion 20. Then the movable portion 30 moves toward the immovable portion 20 with the bars 35 sliding in the slots 25 until the evaporating section of the heat pipe is tightly fitted into the channel 50. The sensors 26, 36 are in thermal contact with the evaporating section of the heat pipe; therefore, the sensors 26, 36 work to accurately send detected temperatures from the evaporating section of the heat pipe to the monitoring computer. Based on the temperatures obtained by the plurality of sensors 26, 36, an average temperature can be obtained by the monitoring computer very quickly; therefore, performance of the heat pipe can be quickly decided.
Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a movable portion 30 and an immovable portion 20 of a performance testing apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention are shown. Different from the first embodiment, the movable portion 30 defines two slots 35a at two opposite sides of the groove 32 thereof. The immovable portion 20 extends two bars 25a slidably received in corresponding slots 35a of the movable portion 30.
Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a movable portion 30 and an immovable portion 20 of a performance testing apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention are shown. Different from the first embodiment, the movable portion 30 has a plurality of cylindrical posts 35b extending downwardly and integrally from a bottom face thereof towards the immovable portion 20. The cylindrical posts 35b are evenly located at two sides of the groove 32 of the movable portion 30. Corresponding to the posts 35b of the movable portion 30, the immovable portion 20 has a plurality of positioning holes 25b defined in a top face thereof. The posts 35b are slidably inserted into the corresponding holes 25b. The posts 35b are always received in the holes 25b when the movable portion 30 moves relative to the immovable portion 20.
Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a movable portion 30 and a immovable portion 20 of a performance testing apparatus in accordance with a forth embodiment of the present invention are shown. Different from the third embodiment, the movable portion 30 defines a plurality of holes 35c at two opposite sides of the groove 32 thereof while the immovable portion 20 extends a plurality of posts 25c slidably received in corresponding holes 35c of the movable portion 30.
Additionally, in the present invention, in order to lower cost of the testing apparatus, the movable portion 30, the insulating plate 28, and the board 34 can be made from low-cost material such as PE (Polyethylene), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PF(Phenol-Formaldehyde), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) and so on. The immovable portion 20 can be made from copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al). The immovable portion 20 can have silver (Ag) or nickel (Ni) plated on a top face thereof defining the groove 24 to prevent oxidization of the top face.
It is believed that the present embodiments and their advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the examples hereinbefore described merely being preferred or exemplary embodiments of the invention.

## Claims

1. A performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe and a supporting frame for positioning the testing apparatus comprising:
an immovable portion having a heating member located therein for heating an evaporating section of the heat pipe;
a movable portion capable of moving relative to the immovable portion;
a receiving structure being defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the evaporating section of the heat pipe therein;
a concavo-convex cooperating structure defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for avoiding the movable portion from deviating from the immovable portion to ensure the receiving structure being capable of receiving the heat pipe precisely;
at least one temperature sensor being attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion for thermally contacting the heat pipe in the receiving structure for detecting temperature of the heat pipe; and
a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame comprises a seat for positioning the testing apparatus at a required position, the seat having a first plate locating the immovable portion thereon, the supporting frame having a second plate located above the movable portion and supported by a plurality rods extending from the first plate.

2. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 1, wherein the receiving structure is a channel defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion.

3. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 2, wherein the at least one temperature sensor has a portion thereof exposed to the channel to detect the temperature of the heat pipe.

4. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 2, wherein the channel is cooperatively defined by a heating groove defined in a face of the immovable portion and a positioning groove defined in a face of the movable portion.

5. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 2, wherein the concavo-convex cooperating structure is two slots defined in one of the immovable portion and the movable portion, and two bars extending from the other of the immovable portion and the movable portion, the bars being capable of slidably received in corresponding slots.

6. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 5, wherein the bars are located at two opposite sides of the channel.

7. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 2, wherein the concavo-convex cooperating structure is a plurality of holes defined in one of the immovable portion and the movable portion, and a plurality of posts extending from the other of the immovable portion and movable portion, the posts being capable of slidably received in corresponding holes.

8. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 7, wherein the posts are evenly located at two opposite sides of the channel.

9. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 1 further comprising an insulating plate located between the immovable portion and the first plate of the seat of the supporting frame.

10. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 9, wherein the insulating plate defines a pond in a top face thereof, the immovable portion having a bottom thereof positioned in the pond.

11. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 9, further comprising a driving device mounted on the second plate, the driving device connecting with the movable portion and capable of driving the movable portion to move away and towards the immovable portion.

12. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 11, wherein the driving device connects with the movable portion via a bolt engaged with the movable portion, the driving device has a shaft extending through the second plate of the supporting frame and engaging with the bolt.

13. The testing apparatus and supporting frame of claim 1, wherein the heating member is accommodated in a hole defined in the immovable portion, and extends two wires to connect with a power supplier.