U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Understanding the Organization, Operation, and Victimization Process of Labor Trafficking in the United States
NCJ Number
              248488

Author(s)
          Colleen Owens;
                        Meredith Dank;
                        Justin Breaux;
                        Isela Banuelos;
                        Amy Farrell;
                        Rebecca Pfeffer;
                        Katie Bright;
                        Ryan Heitsmith;
                        Jack McDevitt
Date Published

October 2014
Length
              307 pages
Annotation
              This report presents the methodology and findings of a study that examined the organization, operation, and victimization process of labor trafficking across multiple industries in the United States.
Abstract
              It examined labor trafficking victim abuse and exploitation along a continuum that extended from victims' recruitment for work in the United States through their migration experiences (if any), employment victimization experiences, their efforts to obtain help, to their ultimate escape and receipt of services.  All victims in the sample experienced elements of force, fraud, and coercion, along with psychological manipulation, and threats against themselves and their families.  Although many of the laborers were legal under some visa program and labor law, employers/traffickers controlled the housing, food, and transportation of a significant proportion of the sample.  Although 71 percent of the sample arrived in the United States for work on a visa, by the time victims escaped and became connected to service providers, 69 percent were in the country illegally.  A  lack of victim awareness of assistance resources, limited outreach, and victims' fear of being unauthorized were barriers to the identification of survivors.  Policy and practice recommendations are provided to improve victim identification and responses to labor trafficking.  Data for this study came from a sample of 122 closed labor-trafficking victim-service records from service providers in four U.S. cities.  Interviews were conducted with labor trafficking survivors, local and Federal law enforcement officials, legal advocates, and service providers.  59 references, extensive notes, and  11 appendixes with research tools and protocols
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2011-IJ-CX-0026


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)
                                Report (Study/Research)
                                Report (Grant Sponsored)


  
  
        
  Award
        Understanding the Organization, Operation and Victimization of Labor Trafficking in the United States
    
  
  
Date Published: October 1, 2014
    
          Downloads
        
                      PDF

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Criminal methods
        Labor racketeering
        NIJ Grant-related Documents
        Victim profiles
        Victimization



  
Similar Publications
        
                      Differentiation of the Regioisomeric 2 3 and 4-Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazines (TFMPP) by GC-IRD and GC-MS
                  The Application of Amplicon Length Heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) for Monitoring the Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities Associated With cadaver decomposition
                  Changes in Dry State Hemoglobin Over Time Do Not Increase the Potential for Oxidative Damage in Dried Blood
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov