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                            Library & Multimedia
 Unintended Consequences of Being Stopped or Arrested: An Exploration of the Labeling Mechanisms Through Which Police Contact Leads to Subsequent Delinquency
NCJ Number
              245326
Journal

*Criminology* Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Dated: November 2013 Pages: 927-966
Author(s)
          Stephanie Ann Wiley;
                        Lee Ann Slocum;
                        Finn-Aage  Esbensen
Date Published

October 2013
Length
              40 pages
Annotation
              This study examined the mechanisms through which police contact potentially enhances offending. The current study uses 4 waves of longitudinal data collected from middle-school students (N = 2,127) in 7 cities to examine the deviance amplification process.
Abstract
              Much debate has taken place regarding the merits of aggressive policing strategies such as "stop, question, and frisk." Labeling theory suggests that police contact may actually increase delinquency because youth who are stopped or arrested are excluded from conventional opportunities, adopt a deviant identity, and spend time with delinquent peers. But, few studies have examined the mechanisms through which police contact potentially enhances offending. The current study uses 4 waves of longitudinal data collected from middle-school students (N = 2,127) in 7 cities to examine the deviance amplification process. Outcomes are compared for youth with no police contact, those who were stopped by police, and those who were arrested. The authors used propensity score matching to control for preexisting differences among the three groups. The findings indicate that compared with those with no contact, youth who are stopped or arrested report higher levels of future delinquency and that social bonds, deviant identity formation, and delinquent peers partially mediate the relationship between police contact and later offending. These findings suggest that programs targeted at reducing the negative consequences of police contact (i.e., poor academic achievement, deviant identity formation, and delinquent peer associations) might reduce the occurrence of secondary deviance. (Published Abstract)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2006-JV-FX-0011


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Report (Study/Research)


  
  
        
  Award
        Process and Outcome Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T.
    
  
  
Date Published: October 1, 2013
    
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