U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Ultrafast 3D Visualization and Fluid Dynamic Mechanisms of Blood Atomization
NCJ Number
              304608

Author(s)
          James Michael, Ph.D
Date Published

2022
Length
              20 pages
Annotation
              This is the Final Research Report on a project whose major goals were to incorporate experimental and numerical simulations to capture blood fluid atomization, bloodstain patterns, and in-flight droplet behavior.
Abstract
              Experimental methods included high-speed and laser-based holographic imaging to provide three-dimensional information about the trajectories and mechanisms of blood droplets and blood atomization processes relevant to forensic analysis of bloodstain patterns. A series of studies proceeded relevant blood-letting events that ranged from blunt impact to high-velocity bullet impact. Experimental results are available for continued use by both the forensics and fluid dynamics communities for test and comparison models. The major achievements of this project have included contributions to the fluid mechanics and forensic pattern analysis associated with bloodstain patterns. The theoretical modeling developments have contributed to dealing with arbitrary bullet shapes, predicted the distribution of backspatter droplets, and examined the influence of muzzle gases from a self-similar vortex theory. These contributions have significantly advanced the fluid mechanics associated with backspatter events with consideration of the formation of droplets, their propagation, and the potential for interaction with oncoming muzzle bases. Coupled with experimental observations, these advances will enable further refinement of fluid mechanic models. The project has also resulted in datasets of blood droplet size and velocities in situ, using high-speed imaging and holography techniques. Comparison of such results with resulting bloodstain patterns will permit analysis of drag-based models and enable assessment of other potential uncertainties in the analysis of bloodstain patterns.
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2017-DN-BX-0171


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Award
        Ultrafast 3D visualization and fluid dynamic mechanisms of blood atomization
    
  
  
Date Published: January 1, 2022
    
          Downloads
        
                      PDF

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Forensic sciences
        Equipment and technology
        3D Scanners
        Body fluid analysis
        Physics of fluids



  
Similar Publications
        
                      A New Tool for Probabilistic Assessment of MPS Data Associated with mtDNA Mixtures
                  What Medical Examiner’s And Coroner’s Offices Should Know About Molecular Autopsy
                  White Paper – Electronic Death Registry In Medicolegal Death Investigation
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov