#### William T. Holt, Public Administrator, County of Richmond, as Administrator, etc., of Louis Cziper, Deceased, Respondent, *v.*Milliken Brothers, Appellant, Impleaded with Augustus Heckscher and Others, as Receivers, etc., of Milliken Brothers, Incorporated, and Charles L. Pitts Company, Defendants.

Second Department,

December 30, 1908.

Master and servant — negligence —injury by collapse of roof. '

A master is liable for the negligence of his superintendent in ordering employees to place heavy coping stones on a roof under construction by another contractor where the superintendent had been warned that it was not safe to place them there owing to the fact that the roof was not shored up.

Evidence examined, and *held,*to warrant a finding by the jury that the act of the foreman in directing the placing of the stones was a detail of superintendence.

Appeal by the defendant, Milliken Brothers, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Richmond on the 17th day of April, 1908, upon the verdict of a jury for $2,000, and also from an order entered in said "clerk’s office on the 29 th day of April, 1908, denying the said defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.

*William, L. Kiefer [Frank Verner Johnson*with him on the brief], for the appellant.

*Jonathan Deyo,*for the respondent.

Jenks, J.:

The action is by the administrator of a servant against a master for negligence whereby the servant was ‘killed. I think that the plaintiff made out a cause of action under the Employers’ Liability Act, and that the judgment must be affirmed.

The plaintiff was at work with other fellow-servants carrying coping stones to be placed upon a wall under construction by the master. The wall arose above a roof which was then under construction by an independent contractor, who at the time of the accident was setting up temporary frames to receive concrete, and who had covered the roof with a temporary flooring. The general superintendent of the defendant obtained permission from this *505independent contractor to nse liis hoist to carry the stones to the roof, and to pass over the roof in order to carry the coping stones to this wall. When the servant was at work thus carrying these stones a part of the roof fell and brought him down with it. The Toof was practically ready for shoring, but was temporarily, not pertnanently, shored. The collapse of the roof, or rather a part thereof, Ivas due to the fact that some of these heavy coping stones had been put upon the roof, which was insufficient to sustain their weight and that of the men engaged in carrying them. There is evidence that these stones were thus placed temporarily upon the roof under the direction of Gilligan, an employee of the defendant. This work had been doing for two or three days. The representative-of the said independent contractor, two days before the accident, found stones resting upon this roof, called Gilligan’s attention to it, told him that it was not safe to place stones on any part of the roof as it was not shored, and caused Gilligan to remove them. Gilligan promised to desist. Upon this evidence I think that the jury could find that the master was negligent if Gilligan thereafter directed the plaintiff to put down a stone or stones upon the roof, provided such order was given by Gilligan as a superintendent in the exercise of such duty of superintendence.

The status of Gilligan was submitted to the jury, and the question is whether the evidence sufficed for a finding that Gilligan, when he ordered the servant to place the stone upon the roof, was a superintendent engaged in an act of superintendence. There is evidence that Gilligan had charge of these men and gave orders to them; he directed them where to carry the stones and where to place them, and generally as to what was to be done about this particular work. He did not work with his hands, and it appears that *he*was the only person who continuously gave these directions and oversaw this particular work. The defendant offered evidence that its superintendent was McLean, but McLean testified that the “ job ” was “ a big job, large job ” and “ covered a large area,” and that he walked around it three times a day, and then he was occupied in the office. He was occupied with engineering, office work and had general charge. McLean testifies that he had several “ foremen,” and that Marsh was the foreman of the work in question, but he also testifies that Gilligan was in charge of these men at that time, *506and that Marsh was the general foreman of all of the laborers. In the language of Cullen, Ch. J., writing for the court in *Guilmartin v. Solvay Process Co.*(189 N. Y. 495), “ the question in any case brought under the statute is not whether the negligent act is a detail of the work, but whether it is a detail of the superintendent’s part of the work, or of that of the subordinate employees and servants.” I think that the jury could find properly that Gilligan was a superintendent within the purview of the statute, and that the act of Gilligan in directing the men in his charge where to place these stones was a detail of superintendence. (See *Mikos v. New York Central & Hudson River R. R. Co.,*118 App. Div. 536 ; affd., 191 N. Y. 506.)

The judgment and order should be affirmed, with costs.

Present — Woodwabd, Jenks, Hooker, Gaynor and Miller, JJ.

Judgment and order unanimously affirmed, with costs.