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                            Library & Multimedia
 Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators
NCJ Number
              304027
Journal

*Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications* Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Dated: 2021
Author(s)
          C. A. Carlson;
                        et al
Date Published

2021
Annotation
              This study tested additional diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) predictions by manipulating the presence of facial information (i.e., the exterior region of the face) at both encoding and retrieval with a large between-subjects factorial design (N = 19,414).
Abstract
              The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is based on facial information that is diagnostic versus non-diagnostic of suspect guilt. It primarily has been tested by discounting non-diagnostic information at retrieval, typically by surrounding a single suspect showup with good fillers to create a lineup. In support of DFT and in replication of the literature, lineups yielded higher discriminability than showups. In support of encoding specificity, conditions that matched information between encoding and retrieval were generally superior to mismatch conditions. More importantly, study findings supported several DFT and encoding specificity predictions not previously tested, including that (a) adding non-diagnostic information will reduce discriminability for showups more so than lineups, and (b) removing diagnostic information will lower discriminability for both showups and lineups. These results have implications for police deciding whether to conduct a showup or a lineup, and when dealing with partially disguised perpetrators (e.g., wearing a hoodie). (publisher abstract modified)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2018-14001


  
  
        
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Date Published: January 1, 2021
    
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      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Eyewitness testimony
        Research and development
        Forensic sciences
        Facial Recognition/Recall
        Suspect identification



  
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