U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Rheology of brain tissue and hydrogels: A novel hyperelastic and viscoelastic model for forensic applications
NCJ Number
              308242
Journal

*Physics of Fluids* Volume: 35 Issue: 10 Dated: October 2023
Author(s)
          Alexander Yarin;
                        Valentina Kosmerl
Date Published

October 2023
Annotation
              This article proposes a new, hyperelastic model that reveals a compression/stretching behavior and belongs to the class of the integral Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas models.
Abstract
              A new strain-energy function W, which possesses the strain energy expressible as a rational function of the principal invariants of the Cauchy tensor C, is proposed. It generates a hyperelastic constitutive equation with characteristics of brain tissues: a much stronger resistance to compression than to stretching and strongly nonlinear response in simple shear, including non-zero first and second normal differences. This model exponent α resembles the Ogden model in uniaxial stretching/compression and reveals plausible predictions for brain tissue with even values of α < 0 with sufficiently high magnitude (say, at α = −20). However, the dependence of the strain-energy function W on the principal invariants of C links it to hyperelastic hydrogel models (the Special and General Blatz–Ko models, neo-Hookean materials, incompressible Mooney–Rivlin and the Yeoh models). For α = −8, the present model reveals a compression/stretching behavior close to the tensorial Special Blatz–Ko model used for description of hydrogels. Furthermore, the present hyperelastic model is used as a kernel of the corresponding tensorial viscoelastic model with exponential fading memory. It belongs to the class of the integral Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas (BKZ) models. In a number of important cases (the uniaxial stretching/compression, simple shear), it can be transformed into a differential viscoelastic model and predict viscoelastic liquid-like behavior under sustained deformations. The stress relaxation following an imposed strain reduces to the hyperelastic model with the elastic parameters exponentially fading in time. These tensorial hyperelastic and viscoelastic constitutive equations aim applications in modeling of blast-induced traumatic brain injuries and bullet penetration and spatter of brain tissue in forensic context. (Published Abstracts Provided)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        15PNIJ-21-GG-04195-RESS


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)


  
  
        
  Award
        Predictive tools and experiments for blood backspatter: incorporating tissue simulants and muzzle gas interactions
    
  
  
Date Published: October 1, 2023
    
          Downloads
        
                      HTML

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Forensic sciences
        Evidence analysis and processing
        Research and development
        Forensic pathology
        Medicolegal death investigations



  
Similar Publications
        
                      Commentary On: Thompson WC. Uncertainty in Probabilistic Genotyping of Low Template DNA: A Case Study Comparing STRmixTM and TrueAlleleTM
                  White Paper – Information Sharing Between Medicolegal Death Investigation Offices And Organ And Tissue Recovery Organizations
                  White Paper – Information Sharing Between Medicolegal Death Investigators And Toxicology Testing Services
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov