U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Social Group Identity and Perceptions of Online Hate
NCJ Number
              254217
Journal

*Sociological Inquiry* Volume: 89 Issue: 3 Dated: 2019 Pages: 427-452
Author(s)
          Matthew Costello;
                        James Hawdon;
                        Colin Bernatzky;
                        Kelly Mendes
Date Published

2019
Length
              26 pages
Annotation
              In examining why some people find online hate material more disturbing than others, the current study used a random sample of Americans between the ages 15 and 36 to address this issue.
Abstract
              Descriptive results from this study indicate that a majority of respondents surveyed found online hate material very or extremely disturbing, while smaller proportions found it moderately, slightly, or not at all disturbing. The study used an ordinal logistic regression to explore factors associated with these varying perceptions of hate material. Results indicate that males and political conservatives found hate material less disturbing than females and political moderates or liberals. These results are expected, since online hate is largely dominated by right-wing extremists who frequently target females and non-conservatives. The study also found that individuals who view hate material more frequently find it more disturbing, as do those who have been the target of hate or criminality online. Finally, individuals who are more accepting of violating social norms are less disturbed by online hate. (publisher abstract modified)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2014-ZA-BX-0014


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)
                                Report (Study/Research)
                                Report (Grant Sponsored)
                                Program/Project Description


  
  
        
  Award
        Radicalization on the Internet: Virtual Extremism in the US from 2012-2017
    
  
  
Date Published: January 1, 2019
    
          Downloads
        
                      HTML

Related Datasets
        
                      https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37679.v1
Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Criminology
        Hate crimes
        National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
        NIJ Grant-related Documents
        Social Media



  
Similar Publications
        
                      The Application of Amplicon Length Heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR) for Monitoring the Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities Associated With cadaver decomposition
                  A Comparison of the Effects of PCR Inhibition in Quantitative PCR and Forensic STR Analysis
                  Validation of the Hemoglobin (Hb) Hypsochromic Shift Assay for Determination of the Time Since Deposition (TSD) of Dried Bloodstains
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov