#### Larry L. GREER Appellant, v. Bruce SMITH, Deputy Super.; Linda J. Navroth; Ken Kerestes; O’Connor, Dr.; Stallings, Dr.

No. 01-2943.

United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.

Argued on Feb. 10, 2003.

Decided March 10, 2003.

Mark H. Lynch, Robert J. Lundman (argued), Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C., for Appellant.

James M. Sheehan, General Counsel, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Michael A. Farnan, Chief Counsel, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, Raymond W. Dorian (argued), Assistant Counsel, Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, Camp Hill, PA, for Appellee.

Before ALITO and McKEE, Circuit Judges, and SCHWARZER, Senior District Judge.*

*

 The Honorable William W. Schwarzer, Senior District Judge for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation.

OPINION OF THE COURT

PER CURIAM.

Larry L. Greer appeals from the District Court’s dismissal of his action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in which he alleged a violation of his constitutional rights. The District Court did not address the merits of the claim but rather dismissed the suit for failure to exhaust administrative remedies as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a).

The relevant provision of the PLRA states that “[n]o action shall be brought *492with respect to prison conditions under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. § 1983) or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). While the District Court concluded correctly that the PLRA exhaustion provision applies to the plaintiff, the Court erred by granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust solely on the basis of representations made in an affidavit submitted by the defendants. Subject to a few narrow exceptions not applicable in this case,1 Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires a District Court to convert a motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment if the Court considers materials outside the plaintiffs pleading, such as the affidavit relied upon in this case. *Camp v. Brennan,*219 F.3d 279, 280 (3d Cir.2000).

> The Rule directs that [i]f, on a motion asserting the defense numbered (6) to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the pleading are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56, and all parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to present all material made pertinent to such a motion by Rule 56.

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b); *See also, e.g., Carter v. Stanton,*405 U.S. 669, 671, 92 S.Ct. 1232, 31 L.Ed.2d 569 (1972). In the present case, the District Court considered material outside of the pleadings and, therefore, should have converted the motion for dismissal to a summary judgment motion, allowing the plaintiff an opportunity for appropriate discovery and “a reasonable opportunity to present all material made pertinent” to the motion. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b).

Accordingly, we vacate the District Court’s order dismissing the complaint without prejudice and remand for further proceedings to determine whether the defendants sustained their burden of proving that the plaintiff failed to exhaust all available administrative remedies in accordance with the PLRA exhaustion requirement. *See Ray v. Kertes,*285 F.3d 287 (3d Cir. 2002).

1

. Exceptions to the general rule of conversion have been made where the materials considered at the dismissal stage are either public records deemed to be undisputably authentic or materials directly relied upon in the plaintiffs complaint. *See e.g., Southern Cross Overseas Agencies, Inc. v. Wah Kwong Shipping Group Ltd.,*181 F.3d 410, 426-27 (3d Cir. 1999); *City of Pittsburgh v. West Penn Power Co.,*147 F.3d 256, 259 (3d Cir. 1998); *Pension Benefit Guar. Corp. v. White Consol. Indus., Inc.,*998 F.2d 1192, 1196 (3d Cir.1993).