U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Research on Women and Girls in the Justice System: Plenary Papers of the 1999 Conference on Criminal Justice Research and Evaluation: Enhancing Policy and Practice Through Research, Volume 3
NCJ Number
              180973

Author(s)
          Beth E. Richie;
                        Kay  Tsenin;
                        Cathy Spatz Widom
Date Published

September 2000
Length
              45 pages
Publication Series
          NIJ Research Report
Annotation
              These three papers examine the relationship between violence against women and female criminality, prostitution and sex workers as victims as well as defendants, and the relationship between child abuse and neglect and later criminality among females.
Abstract
              The first paper argues that understanding females’ status as crime victims is central to understanding and responding to female offenders. In addition, race and socioeconomic status also intervene at the intersection of criminality and victimization and deserve fuller exploration. The second paper presents a judge’s opinion that female sex workers who appear in court are victims as well as defendants and that judges can help direct these women toward programs that break the cycle of victimization and offending. The third paper considers whether abuse and neglect in childhood promote criminality later in life by interfering with young females’ normal development. This analysis also suggests that research could reveal ways to intervene effectively by examining aspects of juvenile offending that seem to be precursors of adult criminality. A theme of the three papers is that sanctions should be tailored to the specific characteristics and circumstances of individual offenders and that gender is a special consideration justifying differential handling, given that females enter the justice system as a result of circumstances distinctly different from those of males. Reference notes
      
  
          Additional Details
Agencies
        NIJ


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Conference Material
    
  
  
Date Published: September 1, 2000
    
          Downloads
        
                      PDF
                  Text

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Child abuse as delinquency factor
        Corrections
        Courts
        Female crime patterns
        Female deviance



  
Similar Publications
        
                      Is It an Accident or Abuse? Researchers Develop Predictive Models for Pediatric Head Injuries
                  Identifying COVID-19 Policies and Practice that Juvenile Justice Systems Should Maintain Long-Term: Listening Session 3: State Juvenile Justice Agency Administrators
                  Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Victim Service Provision: Challenges, Innovations, and Lessons Learned
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov