Jay Salkini v. Iman Salkini

Case No. 225 September Term, 2018

Opinion by J. Meredith

DIVORCE – MARITAL PROPERTY – DIVISION OF RETIREMENT 

BENEFITS. In a case in which the circuit court determined that husband’s retirement 

account was marital property that should be divided equally as of the date of divorce, the 

court did not abuse its discretion in entering a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO) 

that provided that the amount to be transferred to the wife would be 50% of the balance 

in the plan on the date of divorce adjusted for investment earnings or losses on wife’s 

share from the date of divorce to the date of transfer of wife’s interest into a separate 

account.
Circuit Court for Howard County

Case No. 13-C-15-102131

REPORTED

IN THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS

OF MARYLAND

No. 225

September Term, 2018

JAY SALKINI

v.

IMAN SALKINI

Fader, C.J.,

Meredith,

Raker, Irma S.

 (Senior Judge, Specially Assigned),

JJ.*

Opinion by Meredith, J.

Filed: November 21, 2019

* Judge Andrea Leahy did not participate in the 

Court’s decision to designate this opinion for 

publication pursuant to Md. Rule 8-605.1.
In 2016, Jay Salkini (“Husband”), appellant, and Iman Salkini (“Wife”), appellee, 

were divorced by order of the Circuit Court for Howard County. This appeal is limited to 

the question of whether the investment earnings that accrued in Husband’s 401(k) 

account subsequent to the date of divorce should have been divided between Husband 

and Wife pursuant to a Qualified Domestic Relations Order (“QDRO”), or whether all 

investment earnings in that account after the date of the divorce should be considered

Husband’s sole property. The Circuit Court for Howard County, which had ruled in the 

judgment of divorce that Husband’s 401(k) account “shall be divided equally between the 

parties as of the date of divorce,” entered a QDRO which ordered that (a) the total value 

of the account as of the date of the amended judgment of divorce should be divided 50% 

to Wife and 50% to Husband, and (b) any investment earnings on Wife’s share through 

the date of segregation of her interest pursuant to the QDRO should be added to her share 

in the account at the time of segregation. Husband presents the following issue on appeal:

Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it entered a Qualified 

Domestic Relations Order pertaining to Appellant’s 401(k) savings plan 

that provided for adjustment due to investment experience, when such relief 

was not granted in the trial court’s original or amended judgment.

For the reasons set forth herein, we shall affirm the judgment of the Circuit Court 

for Howard County.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

After a five-day hearing on Wife’s complaint for absolute divorce, the court issued 

a memorandum opinion making certain findings, including “which property is marital, 

and the value” of that property. Under “Marital Property,” the court listed Husband’s 
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401(k) account as “Tecore Nationwide 401(k) ([titled in] Husband’s name). Marital. 

Value $513,000.” Under the heading of “Distribution of Property and Monetary Award,” 

the court ordered that the Husband’s 401(k) be “divided equally,” stating:

Tecore Nationwide 401(k) shall be divided equally between the 

parties by way of a qualifying court order. Wife shall arrange for the 

necessary court order. 

On January 29, 2016, Wife filed a Motion to Revise Judgment of Absolute 

Divorce—for reasons unrelated to the issues in the current appeal—in order to clarify that 

the monetary award was not alimony. Husband opposed the motion. By order entered

February 23, 2016, the court entered an Amended Judgment of Absolute Divorce, which 

clarified that the monetary award “is not alimony,” and included the following 

paragraphs relative to Husband’s 401(k) account (unchanged from the previously entered 

judgment of divorce):

ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED, that, the Defendant’s 

Tecore Nationwide 401(k) account shall be divided equally between the 

parties as of the date of divorce. Plaintiff shall promptly shall [sic] submit 

to the Court a qualified domestic relations order as defined in the 

Retirement Equity Act of 1984, as from time to time amended, if one is 

necessary, to divide the Defendant’s Tecore Nationwide 401(k) account; 

and it is further

ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED, that the Court retains 

jurisdiction to amend this Judgment and/or the aforesaid qualified domestic 

relations order for the purpose of maintaining its qualifications as a 

qualified domestic relations order under the Retirement Equity Act of 1984, 

or any other subsequent legislation . . . . 

On March 22, 2016, Wife filed a notice of appeal. In that appeal, Wife raised 

issues (unrelated to the division of the 401(k)) regarding the monetary award. Our 

unreported opinion was filed on April 5, 2017. See Salkini v. Salkini, No. 92, September 
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Term, 2016, 2017 WL 1248024 (2017). We held that “the trial court’s failure to explain 

the inequitable distribution of marital property” required a remand in order for the court 

to “consider the factors enumerated in [Maryland Code (1984, 2012 Repl. Vol.), Family 

Law Article (“FL”), § 8-205(b)] and provide its reasoning for distributing the marital 

estate in the manner it decides.” On June 23, 2017, the Circuit Court for Howard County 

filed a memorandum intended to comply with our decision in that appeal.

During the pendency of Wife’s appeal, Husband had sent her an e-mail on July 5, 

2016, stating: 

Iman,

You need to open an IRA account with your bank, so I can transfer 50% of 

the Nationwide 401K to this new account. The account had a balance of 

$439,734.08 on 1/20/2016. Your portion is $219,867.04.

I pray to Allah that you save this money for your retirement and don’t 

spend it on legal fees.

J. 

On January 3, 2018, Wife filed a Motion to Enter Qualified Domestic Relations 

Order, in which Wife asserted that her counsel had prepared and forwarded to Husband’s 

counsel a proposed QDRO, but the parties were at an impasse. The motion stated:

3. That since forwarding [the QDRO] to [Husband’s counsel], [Wife’s 

counsel] has made multiple attempts to obtain the signature of [Husband] 

including emails, letters and phone calls. That despite repeated demands, 

[Husband] refuses to sign the attached QDRO. The attached QDRO is in 

compliance with the Amended Judgment of Divorce entered on February 

23, 2016.

4. That [Husband] is the sole owner of Tecore, Inc. and controls 

distributions from the retirement plan.
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5. That given [Husband’s] refusal to cooperate in executing the QDRO, 

[Wife] is in need of the Court’s execution of the proposed QDRO without 

[Husband’s] signature. 

Paragraph 3 of Wife’s proposed QDRO was worded as follows:

3. AMOUNT OF ALTERNATE PAYEE’S BENEFITS. (a) The 

Alternate Payee’s [i.e., Wife’s] interest in the Plan shall be 50% (fifty 

percent) of the Participant’s Total Vested Account Balance in the Plan, 

valued as of February 23, 2016 (“Valuation Date”). The Alternate Payee 

interest shall be adjusted for investment earnings or losses on her share

from the valuation date to the date of segregation of Alternate Payee’s 

interest in a separate account. In the event that there is an outstanding loan 

balance as of the Valuation Date, the outstanding loan balance shall be 

included for purposes of calculating the account balance to be divided. 

(Emphasis added in second sentence.)

Husband filed a response in which he opposed Wife’s motion. He denied that 

Wife’s proposed QDRO “is in conformance with the applicable Judgment of Divorce.” 

Husband’s opposition asserted: “The QDRO currently submitted by [Wife] seeks 

distributions to her that both post-date the Judgment of Absolute Divorce and are in 

excess of her entitlement.” Husband submitted his own proposed QDRO which limited 

the amount to be transferred to Wife to 50% of the account balance on the date the circuit 

court had announced that it was granting a judgment of divorce, with no share of any 

investment earnings that had accumulated in the account during the two years that had 

elapsed since the date of divorce. That is, Husband’s proposed alternative language for 

the QDRO stated: “The Alternate Payee’s [Wife’s] interest in the Plan shall be 50% 

(fifty percent) of the Participant’s Total Vested Account Balance in the Plan, valued as 

of January 19, 2016 (“Valuation Date”).” 
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On January 30, 2018, the court granted Wife’s motion and entered a QDRO which

provided for Wife to receive 50% of the investment earnings that had accrued since the 

entry of the amended judgment of divorce. The QDRO entered by the court included the 

valuation language proposed by Wife, namely:

The Alternate Payee’s [i.e., Wife’s] interest in the Plan shall be 50% (fifty 

percent) of the Participant’s Total Vested Account Balance in the Plan, 

valued as of February 23, 2016 (“Valuation Date”). The Alternate Payee 

interest shall be adjusted for investment earnings or losses on her share 

from the valuation date to the date of segregation of Alternate Payee’s 

interest in a separate account. 

On February 9, 2018, Husband filed a motion to reconsider. After the court 

denied Husband’s motion to reconsider, Husband noted this appeal.1

STANDARD OF REVIEW

After considering the factors set forth in FL § 8-205(b), a court may transfer 

ownership of an interest in a retirement plan “from one party to either or both parties.” 

FL § 8-205(a)(2)(i). In Woodson v. Saldana, 165 Md. 480, 489 (2005), we described the 

“broad discretion” afforded courts when making this determination:

“[T]he court has broad discretion in evaluating pensions and 

retirement benefits, and in determining the manner in which those benefits 

 

1 On August 15, 2018, Husband filed a separate notice of appeal in which he 

indicated he was raising the issue of “[w]hether the trial [c]ourt improperly entered an 

Order on July 18, 2018 (dated July 16, 2018) granting Appellee a monetary award 13 

months after issuing a Memorandum in response to a prior Court of Special Appeals 

decision in this case.” But Husband presented argument in his brief on only one issue, 

namely, the division of investment earnings in the 401(k) account. Maryland Rule 8-

504(a)(6) requires that an appellant include in the brief “[a]rgument in support of the 

party’s position on each issue.” Therefore, any issue as to whether the July 18, 2018 order 

was improperly entered is not before us. Anne Arundel Cnty. v. Harwood Civic Ass’n, 

442 Md. 595 (2015); Blue v. Arrington, 221 Md. App. 308 (2015).
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are to be distributed.” Welsh v. Welsh, 135 Md. App. 29, 54, 761 A.2d 949 

(2000), cert. denied, 363 Md. 207, 768 A.2d 55 (2001).

Accordingly, we review the court’s ruling in this case for abuse of discretion.

DISCUSSION

Husband focuses on language that was included in both the initial judgment of 

divorce and the amended judgment of divorce relative to Husband’s 401(k) account. In 

both of those judgments, the circuit court “ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED, 

that [Husband’s] Tecore Nationwide 401(k) account shall be divided equally between the 

parties as of the date of divorce.” (Emphasis added.) He urges us to construe this 

language to mean that, on the date of divorce, Wife’s share became fixed at 50% of the 

valuation of the account on that date, and any investment earnings in the account after 

that date were Husband’s sole property. 

We interpret the plain language in the amended judgment of divorce to mean that 

the corpus of Husband’s 401(k) account as of the date of the judgment of divorce is to be 

divided equally, and a QDRO will be entered to authorize the transfer to Wife. It does not 

follow from that language that any earnings that accrued in the account attributable to a 

delay in making the transfer of Wife’s share would become Husband’s sole property. The 

QDRO entered by the court rationally provided that Wife’s 50% interest in the account 

“shall be adjusted for investment earnings or losses on her share from the valuation date 

to the date of segregation of Alternate Payee’s interest in a separate account.” (Emphasis 

added.) When an alternate payee’s share is expressed as a fraction or a percentage, the 

earnings in the account between the date of divorce and the date of segregation of the
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alternate payee’s interest into a separate account would be derived from both parties’

interests, not the original beneficiary’s interest alone. And, as a matter of equity, it was 

clearly the intent of the circuit court to divide this marital property equally between the 

spouses.

In reaching this conclusion, we recognize that, under different circumstances, this 

Court held in Allred v. Allred, ___ Md. App. ___, No. 672, September Term, 2018

(2019)—a case filed or intended to be filed simultaneously herewith—that, in a case in 

which the alternate payee’s share was expressed as a specific sum rather than a 

percentage, and the parties’ marital settlement agreement provided that the alternate 

payee was to share in the account’s investment experience “until the date of divorce,” the 

circuit court erred in entering a QDRO that provided for the alternate payee to share in 

the account’s investment experience subsequent to the date of divorce. Both of these 

cases illustrate the importance of careful drafting and the advisability of addressing this 

issue explicitly in separation agreements and judgments of divorce if the marital property 

includes any investment accounts.

We conclude that the QDRO entered by the circuit court in this case is consistent 

with the result we approved in Rivera v. Zysk, 136 Md. App. 607 (2001). In Rivera, the 

parties entered into a separation agreement, later merged into a judgment of divorce,

which provided for the wife to receive 50% of the husband’s Northrup Grumman 401(k)

retirement account. The separation agreement was silent regarding allocation of gains or 

losses in the account. (This fact is gleaned from our review of the briefs filed in Rivera, 

which are available on Westlaw.) The husband refused to sign the wife’s proposed 
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QDRO providing for the wife to receive 50% of the earnings the account had experienced

from the date of the divorce to the date of distribution to her pursuant to the QDRO, but 

the court executed the wife’s proposed QDRO. The husband appealed to this Court, and 

we affirmed, explaining:

We perceive no error in the chancellor’s granting appellee the 

earnings experience generated by the Northrup Grumman 401k. The 

agreement signed by the parties gave appellee [the wife] 50% of the 

account valued at $234,000. At the time of distribution, nearly one year 

later, the account had appreciated to approximately $300,000. Appellant

[the husband] argues that appellee was entitled to 50% of the value of the 

account as of the date of the agreement and all subsequent earnings 

remained with appellant. The chancellor concluded that the agreement 

was not ambiguous and awarded appellee 50% of the increased value. 

The decision was eminently fair.

Rivera, 136 Md. App. at 620 (emphasis added).

Here, we conclude, as we did in Rivera, that the circuit court did not abuse its 

discretion in entering a QDRO that provided for the division of the Tecore Nationwide

401(k) “equally between the parties” and included the gains or losses that had accrued on 

Wife’s 50% share from the date of the divorce to the date of segregation of Wife’s 

interest.

JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT 

FOR HOWARD COUNTY AFFIRMED. 

COSTS TO BE PAID BY APPELLANT.