U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Regulatory Justice: A Re-Examination of the Influence of Class Position on the Punishment of White-Collar Crime
NCJ Number
              185749
Journal

*Justice Quarterly* Volume: 17 Issue: 4 Dated: December 2000 Pages: 809-839
Author(s)
          David J. Eitle Ph.D.
Date Published

December 2000
Length
              31 pages
Annotation
              Recognizing the issue of class bias in response to white-collar criminal offenders remains unresolved due to data limitations, research design problems, and debates over the conceptualization of core factors, recent data on formal actions taken against Federal securities offenders were used to reconsider the issue of bias.
Abstract
              Data were compiled from public announcements or releases of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions. All individuals were included in the sampling frame who were defendants in either a civil or an administrative action reported in the SEC Docket between 1987 and 1991. The resulting defendant-based sample consisted of 472 different individuals. Data analysis focused on class position and nature of the offense and examined the entire range of legal actions taken against offenders--civil, administrative, and criminal. Logistic regression analysis determined the likelihood of offenders receiving a punitive sanction. It was found both principals and "contrepreneurs" were significantly less likely to receive a punitive response than managers and other legitimate actors in the workplace. Securities professionals, other than principals, were especially vulnerable to punitive sanctions if they were affiliated with larger firms in the industry, as opposed to smaller firms. Factors beyond the immediate control of SEC litigators resulted in a biased distribution of justice. The author concludes the relationship between class position and the punishment of white-collar criminal offenders is more complex than previously suggested and recommends further research on constraints involved in punishing white-collar crimes. Additional information on study variables and offense types is appended. 70 references and 6 tables
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        91-IJ-CX-K011


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Survey
    
  
  
Date Published: December 1, 2000
    
          Downloads
        
                      HTML

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Corporate crimes
        Criminology
        NIJ Grant-related Documents
        Punishment
        Securities fraud



  
Similar Publications
        
                      White Paper – Information Sharing Between Medicolegal Death Investigation Offices And Organ And Tissue Recovery Organizations
                  Importance of culture in measuring tribal crime seriousness: scoping review of crime seriousness indices
                  Identifying COVID-19 Policies and Practice that Juvenile Justice Systems Should Maintain Long-Term: Listening Session 1: Juvenile Justice Crime Analysts
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov