U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Measuring a Year of Child Pornography Trafficking by U.S. Computers on a Peer-to-Peer Network
NCJ Number
              246704
Journal

*Child Abuse and Neglect* Volume: 38 Issue: 2 Dated: February 2014 Pages: 347-356
Author(s)
          Janis  Wolak;
                        Marc  Liberatore;
                        Brian Neil Levine
Date Published

February 2014
Length
              10 pages
Annotation
              This study used data obtained by "RoundUp" software in measuring a year of online child pornography (CP) trafficking by U.S. computers on the Gnutella peer-to-peer (P2P) network.
Abstract
              The study found that 244,920 U.S. computers shared 120,418 unique known CP files on Gnutella during the study year (October 1, 2010 to September 18, 2011). Just over 80 percent of these computers shared fewer than 10 such files during this period or shared files for fewer than 10 days; however, less than 1.0 percent of computers (n=915) made high annual contributions to the number of known CP files available on the network (100 or more files). This means that relatively few users of the P2P network are uploading new CP files into the network. The vast majority of the network users are viewing and automatically circulating on the network CP files supplied to the network by a small percentage of users. If law enforcement investigators arrested the operators of these high-contribution computers and took their files offline, the number of distinct known CP files available in the P2P network could be reduced by a much as 30 percent. This study shows that online CP be systematically obtained and analyzed by investigators to develop reliable knowledge of the scope and characteristics of CP trafficking on P2P networks. Analysis of this data will enable law enforcement agencies to prioritize their resources by targeting the most prolific suppliers of CP files to P2P networks. Although any online venue can be used to transmit or post CP photographs or videos, P2P networks make especially large contributions to the problem because of their worldwide range, public nature, and easy access they provide to child pornography. This article includes a description of the software tool ("RoundUp") used in this study. 2 tables, 2 figures, and 25 references
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2008-CE-CX-K005
                                CNS-1016788
                                CNS-1018615


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)
                                Report (Study/Research)
                                Report (Grant Sponsored)


  
  
        
  Award
        Peerless:  A System for Identifying and Gathering Evidence of P2P Trafficking
    
  
  
Date Published: February 1, 2014
    
          Downloads
        
                      HTML

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Child health and welfare
        Child pornography
        Child sexual abuse
        Computer related crime
        Crime specific countermeasures



  
Similar Publications
        
                      Characteristics of Bias-Based Harassment Incidents Reported by a National Sample of U.S. Adolescents
                  Exploring the Effects of Maltreatment and Child Welfare System Experiences on Juvenile Justice Involvement
                  Coinciding crises: The effects of the police legitimacy and opioid crises on the culture of a specialized drug investigation unit
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov