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                            Library & Multimedia
 Prevalence and probabilistic assessment of organic and inorganic gunshot residue and background profiles using LIBS, electrochemistry, and SEM-EDS
NCJ Number
              305727
Journal

*Forensic Chemistry* Volume: 29 Dated: July 2022
Author(s)
          Korina Menking-Hoggatt;
                        Colby Ott;
                        Courtney Vander Pyl;
                        Kourtney Dalzell;
                        James Curran;
                        Luis Arroyo;
                        Tatiana Trejos
Date Published

July 2022
Annotation
              This study reports the prevalence of organic and inorganic gunshot residue (OGSR & IGSR) in various populations using emerging analytical methods.
Abstract
              The survey includes over 3,200 samples from six subpopulations. The known shooter samples used various ammunition types: leaded (1), lead-free (2), and a mixture (3) collected as soon as the firearm was discharged or after conducting various post-shooting tasks (4). Background samples originated from individuals who had not fired a weapon in the past 24-hours, separated by low-risk (5) and those with higher exposure to sources that mimic GSR, high-risk (6). Samples were analyzed by LIBS followed by electrochemistry in under 10 min per sample. Lastly, a subset from each population was cross-validated by SEM-EDS for morphological and elemental information, demonstrating LIBS and electrochemistry benefits for fast learning about the composition of large populations. An exploratory method was used to identify the various subgroups' population characteristics and estimate performance rates, with an accuracy of 89.6% when LIBS and EC were combined. In addition, Neural Networks were used to recognize underlying patterns in the data for group classifications, with accuracy>93%. Probabilistic outputs allowed for likelihood ratios (LR) calculations with low rates of misleading evidence (RoME less than 0.8%). The log10 LRs typically ranged from [-5, 0] for non-shooters and [2,9] for shooters, demonstrating good discrimination between the overall populations and a sensible model metric for reporting the weight of the evidence. This study addresses forensic community needs regarding the analysis of GSR evidence and provides a path forward. (Publisher abstract provided)
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2020-DQ-BX-0010
                                2018-DU-BX-0186
                                2018-R2-CX-0009


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)


  
  
        
  Award
        Characterization of Modern Ammunition and Background Profiles: A Novel Approach and Probabilistic Interpretation of Inorganic Gunshot Residue
                                Fast Screening of Firearm Discharge Residues by Laser-based Spectrochemical Methods, Electrochemical Sensors, and Chemometrics
                                Comprehensive Assessment of Novel Reference Materials and Analytical Methods for the Analysis and Interpretation of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues
    
  
  
Date Published: July 1, 2022
    
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                Forensic sciences
        Gunshot residue
        Evidence analysis



  
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