UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

 TENTH CIRCUIT 

JAMES L. BROWN, SR., 

Petitioner - Appellant, 

v. 

STATE OF KANSAS, 

Respondent - Appellee. 

No. 13-3002 

(D.C. No. 5:12-CV-03206-SAC) 

(D. Kan.) 

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*

Before LUCERO, McKAY, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges. 

 James Brown filed several pro se motions in federal district court while detained 

and awaiting trial in Kansas state court. The district court construed Brown’s filings as 

seeking relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. See Gallagher v. Shelton, 587 F.3d 1063, 1067 

(10th Cir. 2009) (pro se filings must be construed liberally). Because Brown sought 

federal court interference in an ongoing state court proceeding, the district court held that 

Brown’s claims were barred by Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). It further 

concluded that Brown did not show that any of Younger’s exceptions applied. See 

 *

 This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, 

res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value 

consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 

FILED 

United States Court of Appeals 

Tenth Circuit 

July 10, 2013

Elisabeth A. Shumaker 

Clerk of Court
-2- 

Phelps v. Hamilton, 122 F.3d 885, 889 (10th Cir. 1997) (Younger does not bar relief “in 

cases of proven harassment or prosecutions undertaken by state officials in bad faith 

without hope of obtaining a valid conviction and perhaps in other extraordinary 

circumstances where irreparable injury can be shown” (quotation omitted)). The district 

court denied relief and denied a certificate of appealability (“COA”). 

 Brown seeks to appeal that decision. A state prisoner may not appeal the denial of 

habeas relief under § 2241 without a COA. See Montez v. McKinna, 208 F.3d 862, 867 

(10th Cir. 2000). We will issue a COA “only if the applicant has made a substantial 

showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” § 2253(c)(2). This standard requires 

Brown to show “that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree 

that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues 

presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. 

McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (quotations omitted). 

 On appeal, Brown wholly fails to address the basis for the district court’s ruling. 

He does not contest the court’s characterization of his filings as seeking § 2241 relief. 

Nor does he address the district court’s conclusion that Younger abstention bars his 

claims. Although we must construe Brown’s pro se papers liberally, “our role is not to 

act as his advocate.” Gallagher, 587 F.3d at 1067. Brown has failed to advance any 

reasoned argument challenging the district court’s decision. Accordingly, we DENY a 

COA and DISMISS the appeal. We also DENY his motion to proceed in forma pauperis 

given the lack of “a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of 
-3- 

the issues raised on appeal.” DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502, 505 (10th Cir. 

1991). 

Entered for the Court 

Carlos F. Lucero 

Circuit Judge