IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 96-KA-00029-SCT

CHARLES HARRIS, JR. a/k/a CHARLIE HARRIS, JR.

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND MAY NOT BE CITED,

PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-A

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/30/95

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. KOSTA N. VLAHOS

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PATRICIA C. CHAMPAGNE

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

BY: DEWITT ALLRED

DISTRICT ATTORNEY: CONO CARANNA

NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF

DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 9/4/97

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED: 9/25/97

BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., PITTMAN AND BANKS, JJ.

PITTMAN, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

Charles Harris, Jr., was indicted on June 16, 1989, for the murder of Sylvia Reddix and for the

aggravated assault of George Grey. On November 20, 1989, Harris appeared with appointed counsel

in the Circuit Court of Harrison County before the Honorable Kosta N. Vlahos to enter his pleas of

guilty to both charges. He was prepared to enter his pleas based upon a recommendation of sentence

by the District Attorney which would have amounted to 25 years on the murder and 10 years on the

aggravated assault, to run consecutively. During the plea proceeding, Judge Vlahos asked the

attorneys to provide him with the range of sentence for murder. Neither attorney appeared to be sure

what the correct range of sentence was. Without resolving that question on the record, the court took

a recess. After the recess, the State moved the court to reduce the charge of murder to manslaughter,

and recommended that Harris be sentenced to 20 years on that charge consecutive to 20 years on the

aggravated assault charge. Thereafter, Harris was questioned by the court and entered his guilty

pleas. He was then sentenced to the term recommended by the State.
On May 10, 1991, Harris filed his Petition for Post-Conviction Collateral Relief in which he sought to

have his guilty pleas, convictions, and sentences set aside. He argued that his guilty pleas were

neither intelligently, knowingly, nor voluntarily made. He also argued that he was denied due process

of law at the sentencing hearing and that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. An evidentiary

hearing was conducted on the motion on August 29, 1992. Judge Vlahos entered his order denying

relief to Harris on June 30, 1995. It is from this order that Harris appealed to this Court assigning the

following as error:

I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY NOT

EXPLAINING TO APPELLANT HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.

II. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY NOT

ASCERTAINING FROM APPELLANT THAT HE UNDERSTOOD HIS

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AS TOLD HIM BY HIS ATTORNEY, AND BY NOT

ASCERTAINING THAT HE WAS KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY, AND

VOLUNTARILY WAIVING THOSE RIGHTS.

III. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN NOT

DISCUSSING WITH APPELLANT THE ELEMENTS OF THE REDUCED CHARGE

OF MANSLAUGHTER AND BY NOT ADVISING APPELLANT THAT THERE

WERE DIFFERENT MANSLAUGHTER STATUTES WHICH CONTAINED

DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF PROOF AND SENTENCING OUTCOMES.

IV. APPELLANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE SENTENCING HEARING.

DISCUSSION OF LAW

I. and II.

These two issues are discussed in conjunction with one another as they both pertain to the

voluntariness of Harris's plea. Harris first alleges that his plea was not voluntary because his attorney

represented to him that he would receive a minimal sentence.

At his plea hearing, Harris was originally going to plead guilty to murder and aggravated assault. His

understanding at that time was that the State would recommend a sentence of 25 years on the murder

charge and 10 years on the aggravated assault charge, to run consecutively. However, a recess was

taken at the plea hearing and, apparently, discussion was had between the State and Harris and his

attorney concerning reducing the murder charge to a charge of manslaughter.

When court reconvened, the State recommended that Harris be sentenced to 20 years on the

manslaughter charge and 20 years on the aggravated assault charge, to run consecutively. Harris

expressed to the trial judge that he understood that the charges had been amended. Harris said that he

was ready to plead guilty to manslaughter and aggravated assault. He said that he had discussed the

plea with his attorney and his family. Harris, who was illiterate, said that his attorney had gone over

the new Petition to Plead Guilty with him, and that all of his constitutional rights had been explained

to him. The Court reiterated the recommendation of the State to Harris, and he said that he
understood that the recommendation was for a 40-year sentence.

At the plea hearing, there was some confusion as to the maximum sentence which Harris could

receive on the charge of manslaughter. Harris's attorney believed the maximum to be 30 years. The

judge correctly stated the maximum as 20 years. Harris now complains because this sentence was five

years longer than the 35 years, he was going to plead to on murder and aggravated assault. He

complains that his attorney told the court that Harris wanted to "at all possible limit as much as he

can has exposure, that is, to the potential time he may serve in the penitentiary." He contends that his

sentencing exposure was increased instead of decreased.

Because of his attorney's confusion over the maximum sentence for manslaughter, and because his

attorney misstated the law to him on the maximum, Harris alleges that his plea was involuntary. He

cites this Court's decisions in Sanders v. State, 440 So. 2d 278 (Miss. 1983), and Baker v. State, 358

So. 2d 401 (Miss. 1978), to support his position. Harris argues that Sanders stands for the

proposition that where an attorney represents to the defendant that he will receive a minimal

sentence, the attorney's advice may render the plea involuntary. The situation in this case is not the

type of situation contemplated in Sanders that might render a plea involuntary. Sanders

contemplated a situation in which a defendant is told by his attorney that he will receive a specified

number of years if he pleads guilty, the defendant relies upon that advice in pleading, and then is

sentenced to some number of years more than that specified. Id. at 283.

In the case sub judice, Harris does not allege that his attorney represented to him that he would

receive a specified minimal sentence. Harris affirmatively responded that he recognized that the State

was recommending 40 years. The trial judge even told Harris that "you ought to be mentally prepared

to serve 40 years if I follow their recommendation".

Citing Baker, Harris alleges that the mistaken advice of his attorney as to the maximum for

manslaughter, should render his plea involuntary. In Baker, this Court said that mistaken advice by

an attorney to a defendant that he could receive the death penalty if convicted at trial "indicates the

defendants were not fully aware of the implications of their plea nor of the consequences of a trial by

jury." Id. at 403. It is true that Harris's counsel was confused as to the maximum for manslaughter,

however the trial judge correctly stated the maximum. This was sufficient to render the plea

voluntary. Gardner v. State, 531 So. 2d 805, 809-810 (Miss. 1988).

Harris also alleges that the trial judge failed to explain to him the constitutional rights he was waiving

and to ascertain from Harris that he understood those rights. Due to this failure on the part of the

trial court, Harris claims that his pleas were involuntary. Harris cites this Court's decision in Caves v.

State, 147 So. 2d 632 (Miss. 1962), to support his position. In that case, a defendant who was not

represented by counsel, and who was illiterate and of questionable mental competence, plead guilty

to grand larceny. This Court found that the failure of the judge to advise the defendant of his basic

rights, and to determine that he was competent to understand the consequences of his plea, and to

ascertain that the plea was made voluntarily, was reversible error. This Court found that the illiteracy

and possible incompetency of the defendant emphasized the trial judge's failure. Id. at 633.

Harris was represented by counsel and does not put at issue his mental competence. He argues that

due to his illiteracy, limited education (third grade), and the misstatement of the law by his attorney,

the trial court should have made independent findings on the record that Harris understood his
constitutional rights as explained to him by his attorney.

The State argues that Harris told the court that his attorney had gone over the entire Petition to Plead

Guilty with him, and specifically that he understood his constitutional rights. Further, Harris's counsel

told the court that he had advised Harris of his constitutional rights and that he was satisfied that

Harris understood those rights. The State contends, citing Gaskin v. State, 618 So. 2d 103, 107-108

(Miss. 1993), that where the record shows that the defendant received adequate advice from other

sources, there is no reversible error in the failure of the trial judge to orally ask all of the questions

himself at the plea hearing. See also Vittitoe v. State, 556 So. 2d 1062, 1064-1065 (Miss. 1990)

(where the Court indicated that the failure of the judge to inform a defendant of sentencing

requirements may be rebutted by evidence that the defense counsel informed the defendant of such

requirements or that defendant had received such information from other sources).

The trial court in this case held an evidentiary hearing on Harris's Petition for Post-Conviction

Collateral Relief. This Court will not set aside the findings of the trial court sitting without a jury

unless such findings are clearly erroneous. Merritt v. State, 517 So. 2d 517, 520 (Miss. 1987). At the

evidentiary hearing, Harris did not put on any evidence, but instead relied on the transcript from the

plea hearing and arguments of counsel. The trial judge found that Harris had been fully advised of his

constitutional rights by the court, his attorney, and by the Petition to Plead Guilty.

Harris has failed to include the Petition to Plead Guilty on appeal. The burden rests on the Appellant

to see to it that the record contains all data essential to an understanding and presentation of matters

relied upon for reversal. Shelton v. Kindred, 279 So. 2d 642, 644 (Miss. 1973). This Court must

confine itself to what appears in the record. "It must be presumed that the rulings of the trial court

were correct, and such presumption will prevail, unless the actual record supports the contrary view."

Id. at 644.

The record in this case does not support the view that Harris's plea was involuntary due to the trial

court's failure to question Harris orally about each individual constitutional right that he was waiving

by pleading guilty. The record shows that Harris told the court that his attorney had read the Petition

to Plead Guilty to him, and that he understood his constitutional rights. Harris's attorney told the

court that he had read the petition to Harris and that he was satisfied that he understood his

constitutional rights. The failure of the trial judge to explain each individual constitutional right

waived, on the record, does not render Harris's plea involuntary. See State v. Pittman, 671 So. 2d

62, 65 (Miss. 1996) (where this Court found that even if the trial court was required by the guilty

plea rule to ask the defendant, question by question, whether defendant understood the rights he was

waiving by pleading guilty, any error was harmless, where defendant signed petition indicating he

understood all rights he was waiving, and the consequences of his pleas).

Rule 8.04 of the Uniform Circuit and County Court Rules provides:

4. Advice to the Defendant. When the defendant is arraigned and wishes to plead guilty to the

offense charged, it is the duty of the trial court to address the defendant personally and to

inquire and determine:

a. That the accused is competent to understand the nature of the charge;
b. That the accused understands the nature and consequences of the plea, and the maximum and

minimum penalties provided by law;

c. That the accused understands that by pleading guilty (s)he waives his/her constitutional rights

of trial by jury, the right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses, and the right against

self-incrimination; . . .

The trial judge fully complied with the guilty plea rule. He personally inquired and determined that

Harris understood that he was waiving his constitutional rights. That is all that is required. This

assignment of error is meritless.

III.

Harris next alleges that his plea was not voluntary because the trial judge did not advise him of the

elements of the crime of manslaughter or that there are different manslaughter statutes which contain

different elements of proof and sentencing outcomes.

It is true, in this case, that the trial judge did not personally and orally explain to Harris the elements

of manslaughter. Harris argues that there is nothing in the record to indicate that he knew or

understood the elements of manslaughter prior to the court accepting his guilty plea.

The State argues that Harris acknowledged that he and his attorney had prepared a new Petition to

Plead Guilty to manslaughter and that his attorney had gone over it with him. Presumably, the State is

arguing that the elements of the crime would have been set out in the petition. However, Harris has

failed to include the petition on appeal, and as such this Court is unable to consider it. Again, the

State argues that Harris failed to put on any evidence at the evidentiary hearing on this claim. The

State urges that it should be presumed that Harris had no testimony to give in support of his claim.

This Court made it clear in Gilliard v. State, 462 So. 2d 710, 712 (Miss. 1985), that a defendant

must be apprised of the elements of the offense that he is pleading guilty to. However, this Court in

Gaskin v. State, 618 So. 2d 103, 107 (Miss. 1993), said that "the failure of the court to advise

Gaskin of the elements of the charges to which he pled is harmless error if it can be shown that prior

to the court's acceptance of Gaskin's plea, he had already been advised through other sources of the

critical elements of the offenses he was charged with." In that case, the other source through which

the Court found Gaskin had been advised of the elements of the crime, was the information. Id. at

107.

In the case sub judice, Harris has not included the Petition to Plead Guilty nor an amended

indictment. He only includes the original indictment which sets out the elements of murder and

aggravated assault. The Petition to Plead Guilty or the amended indictment would probably have

contained the elements of manslaughter. It appears that it did considering the argument of the State

at the evidentiary hearing. However, this Court has no way of knowing that. It would not be fair or

wise for this Court to allow Harris to reap the benefit of designating an incomplete record. The trial

judge found that Harris had entered his plea knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. This finding is

presumed correct because the actual record does not present a contrary view. Shelton, supra. This

assignment of error is meritless.
Harris also asserts that he was not advised that there were other manslaughter statutes with different

elements and sentencing outcomes that he could have been charged under. He, however, makes no

argument concerning this assignment of error and cites no authority in support of it in his brief. This

Court will not consider this assignment of error. Clark v. State, 503 So. 2d 277, 280 (Miss. 1987).

IV.

Harris's final assignment of error is that he was denied effective assistance of counsel throughout the

sentencing hearing. He asserts that it was ineffective for his attorney to misstate the law on the

maximum sentence for manslaughter. He contends that his attorney allowed him to go ahead and

plead guilty without resolving the question of the maximum sentence. As such, he plead to the

maximum sentence on manslaughter and aggravated assault.

Harris cites no authority for his contention that this constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel. This

assignment of error will not be reviewed by this Court. Clark, supra. Furthermore, at the evidentiary

hearing Harris withdrew this allegation. As such, he may not now complain on appeal. Wells v. State,

521 So. 2d 1274, 1276 (Miss. 1987).

At any rate, Harris cannot meet the test set out in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) to

prove ineffective assistance. The test to be applied is: (1) whether counsel's overall performance was

deficient and (2) whether or not the deficient performance, if any, prejudiced the defense. Cole v.

State, 666 So. 2d 767, 775 (Miss. 1995). It cannot be said that Harris's counsel's performance was

deficient overall, simply because he misstated the maximum sentence for manslaughter. Even is this

misstatement could be viewed as deficient performance, Harris has not shown prejudice, or in other

words, that but for this misstatement he would not have pleaded guilty. Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S.

52, 59 (1985). This is especially true in light of the fact that the trial judge correctly stated the

maximum sentence for manslaughter. This assignment of error is meritless.

CONCLUSION

The order of the trial court denying Harris's request for relief pursuant to the Post-Conviction

Collateral Relief Act is affirmed.

LOWER COURT'S DENIAL OF POST CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.

PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE, ROBERTS, SMITH AND MILLS,

JJ., CONCUR. LEE, C.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.