[Cite as Findlay v. Frenzel , 2020-Ohio-4621.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT HANCOCK COUNTY

CITY OF FINDLAY, CASE NO. 5-20-01 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,

v. JOSHUA A. FRENZEL, O P I N I O N

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

CITY OF FINDLAY, CASE NO. 5-20-02 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,

v. JOSHUA A. FRENZEL, O P I N I O N

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

Appeals from Findlay Municipal Court Trial Court Nos. 18-TRC-6376 and 18-TRD-9528 Judgments Affirmed Date of Decision: September 28, 2020

APPEARANCES:

Jessica Borsani Powell for Appellant

Marshall Wm. Finelli for AppelleeCase Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-2- WILLAMOWSKI, J. {¶1} Defendant-appellant Joshua A. Frenzel (“Frenzel”) brings appeal from the judgments of the Findlay Municipal Court denying his motion s to suppress. For the reasons set forth below, the judgments are affirmed. Appellate Case No. 5-20-01 {¶2} On July 10, 2018, Officer Jakob Sigler (“Sigler”) of the Findla y Police Department arrested Frenzel for suspicion of an OVI in violatio n of local ordinance 333.01(A)(1)(b). ADoc. 1. 1 When taken to the police station, Sigler advised Frenzel of his Miranda rights and read BMV form 2255 to Frenzel. Tr. 4 2. Frenzel consented to taking the breath test to determine his blood alco hol content (“BAC”). Tr. 43. Frenzel made two attempts to provide a sufficient brea th sample, but was unable to do so. Tr. 45. Sigler testified that he then asked Frenzel if he wished to attempt a third breath test or if he wanted to go to the hospit al for a blood draw. Tr. 45. Frenzel consented to having his blood drawn to determine t he BAC. Tr. 45. Sigler then took Frenzel to the hospital to have the blood take n. Tr. 45. Once they arrived at the hospital, Frenzel laid down on the bed and went to sleep until the phlebotomist came into the room to take the blood sample. Tr. 46. According to Sigler, Frenzel was cooperative at all times and voluntarily wa lked where asked.

Tr. 46. At no time did Frenzel indicate he did not want to tak e the test after initially

1 The docket for trial court case number 18 TRC06376 will be ide ntified as “ADoc.” The docket for trial court case number 18 TRD09528 will be identified as “BDoc.”Case Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-3- consenting. Tr. 47. When asked for consent by the phlebotomis t to have blood drawn, Frenzel consented. Tr. 53. The blood test showed a BAC level of .13. Tr.

49. {¶3} On July 12, 2018, a complaint was filed charging Frenzel with a n OVI in violation of local ordinance 333.01(A)(1)(b). ADoc. 1. On September 12, 2018, Frenzel filed a motion to suppress the blood draw due to a warr antless search. ADoc. 12. A hearing was held on this motion on January 16, 201 9. ADoc. 59. The testimony discussed above was presented at the hearing. On May 20, 2019, the trial court overruled the motion to suppress on the grounds that Fren zel consented to the blood draw. ADoc. 24 at 10. On November 21, 2019, Frenzel wit hdrew his plea of not guilty and entered a plea of no contest. Doc. 63. After d iscussing the matter with Frenzel, the trial court accepted the no contest plea and found Frenzel guilty.

Id . The trial court subsequently sentenced Frenzel to a jail sen tence of 365 days ADoc. 68. Frenzel filed a timely notice of appeal. ADoc. 74. Appellate Case No. 5-20-02 {¶4} On October 4, 2018, Frenzel was charged with driving with a sus pended license in violation of local ordinance 335.071(A). BDoc. 1. On November 29, 2018, Frenzel filed a motion to suppress alleging that the offi cer lacked a reasonable articulable suspicion to stop his vehicle. BDoc. 9. The heari ng was held on April 24, 2019. BDoc. 59. Officer Sam Smith (“Smith”) testified tha t he observed a vehicle stopped at a stop sign with a clearly painted stop line with the front tires onCase Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-4- top of the stop bar. Tr. 9. Smith believed that to be a viola tion of the city ordinance and proceeded to stop the vehicle and learned that it was drive n by Frenzel. Tr. 10- 12. Frenzel told Smith that his license was suspended. Tr. 12 . Smith verified this was the case and issued the citation. Tr. 12. On May 20, 2019 , the trial court overruled the motion to suppress in this case finding there was reasonable, articulable suspicion for the stop. BDoc. 24. Frenzel later c hanged his plea from not guilty to no contest. BDoc. 63. The trial court found Fre nzel guilty of driving under suspension and sentenced him to 30 days in jail. BDoc. 6 6. A timely notice of appeal was filed in this case. BDoc. 70. {¶5} The two cases were consolidated for the purpose of appeal. On appeal, Frenzel raises the following assignments of error First Assignment of Error The trial court in Case No. [5-20-01] erred in denying [Frenzel ’s] motion to suppress as no warrant was obtained for the blood tes t and [Frenzel] did not consent to the blood test. Second Assignment of Error The trial court in Case No. [5-20-02] erred in denying [Frenzel ’s] motion to suppress as the officer did not have reasonable suspicion based on specific and articulable facts to initiate a traffic stop when the tires of [Frenzel’s] vehicle stopped on t he stop line without going over the stop line. {¶6} The assignments of error allege that the trial court erred in d enying both motions to suppress.Case Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-5- An appellate review of the trial court’s decision on a motion t o suppress involves a mixed question of law and fact. State v. Burnside , 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d 71, ¶ 8; State v. Norman , 136 Ohio App.3d 46, 51, 735 N.E.2d 953 (3d Dist. 1999). We will accept the trial court’s factual findings if they are supported by competent, credible evidence, because the “evaluation of evidence and the credibility of witnesses” at th e suppression hearing are issues for the trier of fact. State v. Mills , 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366, 582 N.E.2d 972 (1992); Norman at 51, 735 N.E.2d 953; Burnside at ¶ 8. But we must independently determine, without deference to the trial court, whether these factual findings satisfy the legal standard as a matter of law because “the application of the law to the trial court’s findin gs of fact is subject to a de novo standard of review.” Norman at 52, 735 N.E.2d 953; Burnside at ¶ 8. State v. Urdiales , 3d Dist. Henry No. 7-15-03, 2015 -Ohio- 3632, ¶ 12, 38 N.E.3d

907.

Case No. 5-20-01 {¶7} In the first assignment of error, Frenzel claims that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress because the blood draw consti tuted a warrantless search. Generally, a blood draw is considered to be a search p ursuant to the Fourth Amendment and a warrant is required unless it falls within a re cognized exception. Missouri v. McNeely , 569 U.S. 141, 133 S.Ct. 1552, 185 L.Ed.2d 696 (2013). One such exception is if the person consents to the search. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte , 412 U.S. 218, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973). That conse nt need not be express if it may fairly be inferred from the context. Birchfield v. North Dakota, 136 S.Ct. 2160, 195 L.Ed.2d 560 (2016).Case Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-6- {¶8} Here, the undisputed testimony was that Frenzel consented to th e blood draw while at the police station. He then walked to the police car for transportation to the hospital without any indication of refusal. At the hosp ital, he walked into the examination room of his own accord. When the phlebotomist aske d if he consented to the blood draw, he consented. At all times, his words and a ctions indicated that he was consenting to the blood draw. The trial court found, ba sed upon this testimony, that Frenzel had consented to the search. All of th e evidence supports this conclusion. Thus, the trial court did not err in finding consent was given and the first assignment of error is overruled.

Case No. 5-20-02 {¶9} In the second assignment of error, Frenzel alleges that the tri al court erred by finding the officer had a reasonable, articulable susp icion for stopping his vehicle. “[A] traffic stop is constitutionally valid if an off icer has a reasonable and articulable suspicion that a motorist has committed, is committ ing, or is about to

commit a crime.” State v. Mays , 119 Ohio St.3d 406, 2008-Ohio-4539, ¶ 7, 894 N.E.2d 1204. “Therefore, if an officer’s decision to stop a mo torist for a criminal violation, including a traffic violation, is prompted by a reas onable and articulable suspicion considering all the circumstances, then the stop is c onstitutionally valid.”

Id . at ¶ 8. {¶10} In this case, Smith testified that he stopped Frenzel’s vehicle because he observed the tires of the vehicle on top of the stop line. This Court has addressedCase Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-7- whether this action is a traffic violation in State v. Miller , 3d Dist. Marion No. 9- 14-50, 2015-Ohio-3529. In Miller , the vehicle in question was straddling the stop line with the front portion of the vehicle beyond the stop line edge nearest to the intersecting roadway and the rear portion behind the stop line edge furthest from the intersecting roadway. R.C. 4511.43 requires a driver to stop a t a clearly marked stop line “at the point nearest the intersecting roadway”. R.C . 4511.43. This Court held that “it is unlawful to stop astride a clearly marked stop line, and that a motorist must stop his or her vehicle prior to the point at which the fr ont-most portion of his or her vehicle will break the plane of the outermost edge of th at clearly marked stop

line.” Miller at ¶ 24. In other words, the front-most portion of the vehicl e, usually the bumper, cannot cross the plane of the stop line edge neares t to the intersecting roadway, although the front-most portion can be atop the stop l ine. The fact that the

driver in Miller straddled the stop line was found to be sufficient to justify the stop. {¶11} Here, Smith testified that he observed Frenzel’s tires on top o f the stop line at the stop sign. This testimony raises a reasonable, art iculable suspicion that the front-most portion of the vehicle had broken the plane of t he edge of the stop line that was nearest to the intersecting roadway. Thus, Smith could reasonably stop the vehicle due to his suspicion that a traffic violation had o ccurred. Once the vehicle was stopped, Frenzel provided probable cause for the ci tation by admitting that he was driving while his license was suspended, a fact tha t was confirmed by Smith prior to the issuance of the citation. Given these facts , the trial court did notCase Nos. 5-20-01 and 5-20-02

-8- err in finding Smith had reasonable, articulable suspicion to s top the vehicle and the second assignment of error is overruled. {¶12} Having found no prejudicial error in particulars assigned and a rgued, the judgments of the Findlay Municipal Court are affirmed. Judgments Affirmed

. PRESTON and ZIMMERMAN, J.J., concur.