2010 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 5-6-2010 

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owsk i P r e c e de nt i al or N on-P r e c e de nt i al : N on-P r e c e de nt i al D ocke t N o . 08-2093

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w . vi l l a no va . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " U SA v . Ro be r t Boczkowski " (2010). 2010 D e cisio n s . P ape r 1391. http://d i git alc ommon s .l a

w . vi l l a nova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2010/1391NOT P RE CE DE NT I AL UN I TED STATES CO UR T OF A PP EALS F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT

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v. R O B E R T B O C Z K O W S K I, A ppel l ant O n A p p ea l from the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt fort he M i ddl e D i s t r i ctof Penns y l vani a

( D . C . N o. 3- 06- cr - 00339- 1) D i s t r i ctJ udge: H on. R i char d P. C onaboy Subm i t t ed underT hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1 ( a)

J ul y16, 2009 B efor e: R E N D E L L , FU E N T E S and R O T H , C i r cui tJ udges

( O pi ni on fi l ed M ay6, 2010)

O P I N I O N R O T H , C i r cui tJ udge: R ober tB oczkow s ki appea l s fr om t he D i s t r i ctC our t ’ s j udgm entof s ent ence of 121 m ont hs i m pr i s onm entaft erpl eadi ng gui l t yt o r ece i vi ng chi l d por nogr aphy , i n vi ol at i on of1 1

W e not e an une xpl ai ned di s cr epanc yconce r ni ng t he s ent enci ng r ange. A tt he s ent enci ng hear i ng, t he D i s t r i ctC our ti ndi cat ed thati tw oul d gr antan upw ar d departur e fr om t he gui del i nes , r es ul t i ng i n a r ange of 121- 151 m ont hs . B uti n t he court ' s w r i t t en s t at ementof re a so n s f o r th e se n ten c e , the c o u rt listed th e ra n g e a s 9 7 -1 2 1 m o n th s. W h ile th is 2 1 8 U . S . C . § 2 2 5 2 ( a ) ( 2 ) . T h e D i s t r i c tC o u r th a d j u r i s d i c t i o n u n d e r1 8 U . S . C . § 3 2 3 1 . We hav e j uri sdi ct i on un der 28 U . S . C . § 1 29 1. B ecause the part i es ar e fam i l i ar w i t h the fact s, w e w i l l des cr i be them onl yas nece s s aryt o expl ai n ourdeci s i on. For t he r eas ons d is c u s s e d b e lo w , w e w ill a f f ir m . B oczkow s ki at t acks hi s s ent ence on t w o gr ounds . Fi r s t , he ar gues t hatt he D i s t r i ct C our terr ed i n i m pos i ng an unr eas onabl e s ent ence . W e exe r ci s e pl enaryr evi ew of the D is tr ic t C o u rt ’s in te rp re ta tio n a n d a p p lic a tio n o f th e S e n te n c in g G u id e lin e s . U ni t ed St at es v. G r i er , 475 F. 3d 556, 570 ( 3d C i r . 2007) ( en banc ) . “The t ouchs t one of r eas onabl enes s i s w hethert he r ecor d as a w hol e r efl ect s r at i onal and meani ngful cons i der at i on of the fa ct or s enumer at ed i n 18 U . S. C . § 3553( a) . ” I d. at571 ( i nt ernal q u o tat ion m ark s o m itted). H er e, t he r ecor d i ndi cat es t hatt he D i s t r i ctC our tr eas onabl ycons i der ed and a ppl i ed t he r el evant§ 3553( a) fac t or s i n det erm i ni ng B oczkow s ki ’ s s ent ence . Speci fi cal l y , t he D i s t r i ctC our tcons i der ed both t he horr i fi c natur e of the i m ages , w hi ch ca us ed cont i nual vi ct i m i zat i on of i nnocentchi l dr en, and the fa vor abl e fa ct or s , i ncl udi ng B oczkow s ki ’ s age, empl oym enthi s t or y , and fa m i l ybackgr ound. Fur t her m or e, t he s ent ence w as w i t hi n t he gu i deli nes range, w hich w as 97 to 12 1 m on t hs. 1di s cr epanc yi s perpl exi ng, i ti s ul t i m at el yi r r el evantbeca us e B oczkow s ki ' s s ent ence of

121 m ont hs i s r eas onabl e w hethervi ew ed as an upw ar d departur e ( bas ed i n par ton t he quant i t yand natur e of the i m ages i nvol ved) oras a s ent ence att he upperend of the gui del i nes r ange. 3 Second, B oczkow s ki ar gues t hatt he governm entbr eac hed the pl ea a gr eementby a sk in g th e D istric t C o u rt to im p o se a n u p w a rd v a ria n c e in th e se n ten c e . H e c o n ten d s th a t, beca us e the pl ea a gr eements t at ed thathi s offe ns e i nvol ved “600 orm or e i m ages , ” he w as “ent i t l ed t o as s um e thatt he governm entw as noti nt endi ng t o s eek a n enhanc ementof s ent ence beca us e of the vol um e of i m ages on hi s comput er . ” W e exe r ci s e pl enaryr evi ew o f a c la im th a t th e g o v e rn m e n t b re a c h e d a p le a a g re e m e n t. U ni t ed Stat es v. H

odge , 412 F .3 d 4 7 9 , 4 8 5 (3 d C ir . 2 0 0 5 ). P le a a g re e m e n ts a re a n a lyze d u n d e r c o n tr a c t- la w s ta n d a rd s . Un i t e d S t a t e s v . Wi l l i a ms , 5 1 0 F .3 d 4 1 6 , 4 2 3

– 2 4 (3 d C ir . 2 0 0 7 ). B oczkow s ki ’ s ar gum entfai l s beca us e nothi ng i n t he pl ea a gr eementr es t r i ct ed the governm ent ’ s r i ghtt o as k foran upw ar d var i ance i n s ent enci ng bas ed on the numberof im a g e s. In d e e d , p a ra g ra p h e lev e n o f th e p lea a g re e m e n t allo w e d th e g o v e rn m e n t “to re c o m m e n d a s e n te n c e u p to a n d in c lu d in g th e m a x im u m s e n te n c e o f im p ri s o n m e n t,” w h ic h w a s tw e n ty y e a rs , o r 2 4 0 m o n th s , im p ri s o n m e n t. A ccor di ngl y , w e w i l l aff i r m t he D i s t r i ctC our t ’ s j udgm entof s ent ence .