T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T V I N CEN T H A TCH ER, P e titio n e r- A p p e lla n t, v. T OM L . C AR E Y, R es po nd ent- A pp el l ee . N o. 06- 17066 D . C. N o . CV - 0 4 - 0 2 5 9 6 - M CE ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e E a s te rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia M orr i s on C . E ngl a nd, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d J une 13, 2007 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: S C H R O E D E R , C A N B Y an dM cK E O W N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. C alifo rn ia state p riso n erV in ce n t H atch erap p ea ls fr o m th e d istrict co u rt’s j udgm e ntde ny i ng hi s 28 U . S . C . § 2254 habe a s pe t i t i on. W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on unde r28 U . S . C . § 2253. H a t c he rc ont e nds tha ti na de qua t e e vi de nc e s upport e d the B o a r do f P r is o n T e rm s ’s ( “B o a r d ” ) d e n ia l o f p a r o le s u itab ilitya t h is f if th p a r o le 

# FI LED AU G 17 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSA s H a tc h e rd idn o t h a v e th e b e n e f it o f o u rr e c e n t e n b a n c d e c is io n in 1 H ay w ar d cl ar i fy i ng the re qu i re m entof a c ert i fi ca t e of app ea l abi l i ty and has r ai se d a c l ai m “ debat abl e am on g rea sonabl e j uri st s” re gardi ng deni al of a c on st i tut i on al ri gh t , w e s u a s

p o n te c e rt i f

yf orappe a l the i s s ue of

w he the rs om e e vi de nc e of c urr e ntda nge r ous ne s s s upport e d the B oa r d’ s pa r ol e de c i s i on. S e e H a y w a r d, 603 F .3 da t 5 5 4 - 5 5 5 . 2 hear i ng i n 2 00 3. “ ‘ [S ] om e e vi dence’ of future dangerousness” i s i nd ee d requi re d f o rd e n ia l o f

p a r o le in C a lif

o rn ia . H a y w a r dv . M a r s h a ll, 6 0 3 F .3 d5 4 6 , 5 6 2 ( 9 th C i r. 20 10 ) ( en banc) (quoti ng In re L aw re nce, 44 C al . 4th 1 18 1, 11 91 (C al . 20 08 ); I n r e S haput i s , 44 C a l . 4th 1241, 1246( C a l . 2008) ) . W he n r e vi e w i ng a§ 2254 1 pe t i t i on c ha l l e ngi ng de ni a l of pa r ol e t o aC a l i f

orni as t a t e pr i s one r , w e de t e rm i ne w hether the st at e c ou rtdeci si on approv i ng the B oard’ s c on cl usi on “ w as an

‘ un re as on abl e app l i ca t i on ’ of the C al i forni a ‘ som e e vi dence’ of future da nge r ous ne s s r e qui r e m e nt , orw a s ‘ ba s e d on a n unr e a s onabl e de t e rm i na t i on of the f a c t s i n l i g h to f

th e e v i d e n c e . ’ ” H a y w a r d , 6 0 3 F. 3 da t5 6 2 - 6 3 ( q u o t i n g 2 8 U . S. C. § 2 2 5 4 ( d ) ( 1 ) a n d( 2 ) ) . “L o o k in g th r o u g h ” th e s u m m a ryd e n ia ls o f H a tc h e r ’s s ta te habeas pet i t i on s by the C al i forni a C ou rtof A pp ea l and C al i forni a S up re m e C ou rt t o the grou nd s f

or deni al i dent i fi ed by the S up er i or C ou rt , se e Y l stv. N un nem aker , 50 1 U . S . 79 7, 80 4-05 (199 1), w e c on cl ud e thatthe S up er i or C ou rtdeci si on do es n o t d em o n stra te th es e e rr o rs . W e a ff irm th e d istrict co u rt’s d en ial o f H atch er ’s § 2 2 5 4 p e titio n .3

H at ch er w as co n v i ct ed i n 1 9 8 5 o f k i d n ap i n g fo r th e p u rp o se o f ro b b ery, f or c i bl e r ape w hi l e a c t i ng i n c onc e rt , or a l c opul a t i on w hi l e a c t i ng i n c onc e rt , a nd or a l c opul a t i on bym e a ns of f or c e . H e w a s s e nt e nc e d t o l i f e i n pr i s on pl us f

i ve y e a r s f orthe ki dnapi ng of

f e ns e , w i th the s e nt e nc e s f orthe othe rc ount s t o run c onc urr e nt l y . A tH a t c he r ’ s f i f th pa r ol e he a r i ng, the B oa r d i de nt i f i e d the f ol l ow i ng four fa ct ors a s dem on stra t i ng un sui t abi l i ty f or parol e: (1) the com m i tm entoffe nse, ki dn api ng for the pu rpose of r ob bery , “ w as carr i ed ou ti n an especi al l y c ruel m a nne r ” ; ( 2) H a t c he rha d “ ar e c or d of vi ol e nc e a n a s s aul t i ve be ha vi or ” ; ( 3) H at cherhad “ an un st abl e s oci al hi st ory and pri or cr i m i nal i ty” ; and (4) H at cherhad “n o t s u f f ic ie n tlyp a rtic ip a te din b e n e f ic ia l s e lf - h e lp .” W e w il l tu rn to th e n atu re o f th e o ff en se last. F irst, w e r ev iew th e B o ar d ’s f in d in g th a t H a tc h e rh a dah is to ryo f v io le n t b e h a v io r . S e e 1 5 C a l. C o d e R e g s . tit. 1 5 (“R eg u lati o n s” ) § 2 4 0 2 (c )( 2 ). T h e B o ar dp o in ted sp ec ifically to H atch er ’s a rr e s ts a n dc o n v ic tio n s f o ra tte m p te dr o b b e ry , a s s au lt w ith in te n t to c o m m it m urder, and ass aul tw i th a deadl y w eapo n i n rea chi ng i t s c on cl usi on thatH at cher d e m o n s tr a te dah is to ryo f v io le n t b e h a v io r . A t am in im u m , th e tw o s e r io u s a s s au lt o f f e n s e s s u f f ic e to s h o w ah is to ryo f

v io le n t b e h a v io r . T h e B o a r d ’s r e lia n c e o n th is f a c t orpr ovi de d s om e e vi de nc e of f utur e da nge r ous ne s s t o s upporti t s c onc l us i on H at cherw as un sui t abl e f or parol e.4

T he B oa r d c i t e d H a t c he r ’ s pr i orc r i m i na l hi s t orya nd drug us e a s s upport i ng evi dence of an unst abl e s oci al hi st ory. S ee R egul at i on s § 24 02 (c )( 3). H at cherhas c ha l l e nge d the f

i ndi ng byi de nt i f

y i ng e vi de nc e i n the r e c or d de m ons tr a t i ng a hi st ory of posi t i ve re l at i on shi ps. F or exam pl e, si nce bei ng i ncar ce ra t ed, H at cher h a s m a rr ie da n dh is w if e v is its h im e a c h tim e f

a m ilym e m b e r s a r e a llo w e dto v is it. H a t c he rm a i nt a i ns r e gul a rc ont a c tw i th hi s tw o a dul tc hi l dr e n f r om apr i or r e l a t i ons hi p a nd ha s ac l os e r e l a t i ons hi p w i th hi s m othe r , w i th w hom he c om m uni c a t e s f

r e que nt l y . T he B oa r d di d notc i t e a nye vi de nc e c ontr a di c t i ng H a t c he r ’ s s how i ng of

pos i t i ve r e l a t i ons hi ps . I tw a s notar e a s onabl e de t e rm i na t i on o f th e f a c ts in lig h t o f

th e e v id e n c e to f

in dth a t H a tc h e rh a dah is to ryo f u n s tab le re l at i on shi ps, and thi s f ac t or di d n otprov i de som e e vi dence of H at cher ’ s f uture d an g ero u sn ess. T he B oard i dent i fi ed i nsuffi ci entpart i ci pat i on i n b enef i ci al prog ram m i ng as athi r d r e a s on tha tH a t c he rw a s noty e ts ui t abl e f orpa r ol e . S e e R e gul a t i ons § 2 4 0 2 ( d ) ( 9 ) . T h e B o a r dn o te dth a t H a tc h e rh a do n lyp a rtic ip a te din s e lf - h e lp p r o g r a m s s in c e 2 0 0 1 , tw o y e a r s e a r lie r , a n dc o n c lu d e dh e n e e d e da d d itio n a l tim e to be ne f i tf r om s uc h pr ogr a m m i ng a nd f orhi s pr ogr e s s t o be obs e rve d. A tthe h e a r in g , H a tc h e rin f

o rm e dth e B o a r dth a t h e h a dp a rtic ip a te din s e lf - h e lp prog ram m i ng earl i er , re ce i vi ng ce rt i fi ca t es for part i ci pat i on i n A l choh ol i cs5

A n o n y mo u s d u r i n g 1 9 9 4 a n d1 9 9 5 a n dp a rt i c i p a t i n g i n s o me o th e rp r o g r a ms d u ri n g th atsam e p eri o d . H e al so t est i fi ed th ath i s p art i ci p at i o n i n su b st an ce ab u se c o u n s e lin g s in c e 2 0 0 1 w a s a t th e d ir e c tio n o f th e B o a r da t h is la s t h e a r in g in 2 0 0 1 . H a t c he r ’ s c om m i tm e ntof f e ns e w a s pe r f

orm e d w hi l e he w a s unde rthe i nf l ue nc e of P C P , a nd H a t c he rha s a c know l e dge d ahi s t oryof drug us e . T he B oa r d’ s f i ndi ng th a t H a tc h e rh a dn o t y e t p a rtic ip a te din a d e q u a te p r o g r a m m in g w a s ar e a s o n ab le de t e rm i na t i on, pa rt i c ul a r l yi n r e ga r ds t o s ubs t a nc e abus e c ouns e l i ng, gi ve n the c i r c um s t a nc e s of

the c om m i tm e ntof

f e ns e , a nd pr ovi de d s om e e vi de nc e of H a tc h e r ’s f

u tu r e d a n g e r o u s n e s s . F i na l l y , w e c ons i de rthe na tur e of the c om m i tm e ntof

f e ns e . S e e R e gul a t i ons § 2402( c ) ( 1) . T he B oa r d obs e rve d tha tthe c om m i tm e ntof f e ns e , ki dnapi ng f

or p u rp o ses o f ro b b ery, “ w as carried o u ti n an esp eci al l y cru el m an n er. ” S p eci fi cal l y, the B oa r d c onc l ude d tha t“ vi c t i m w a s de f i l e d dur i ng the of

f e ns e ” a nd tha tthe of f e ns e w a s “ c a rr i e d outi n am a nne rtha tde m ons tr a t e s ac a l l ous di s r e ga r d f or hum a n s uf

f e r i ng. ” S e e R e gul a t i ons § 2402( c ) ( 1) ( C ) a nd ( D ) . H a t c he ra nd c oconspi ra t ors ki dn aped an 18 -y ear ol d w om an t o rob her, bu taf t erdi sc ov er i ng that she had l i tt l e m on ey , hel d h ercapt i ve for e i gh tand a hal f hou rs ; the vi ct i m w as re peat edl y r aped and o ra l l y c op ul at ed by H at cherand o thers ; and H at cherre fuse d he rpl e a s t o l e the rgo. A l though H a t c he ra r gue s i tw a s notpe rm i s s i bl e f orthe6

B oard t o l oo k atci rc um st ance s notdi re ct l y und er l yi ng the com m i tm entoffe nse, the B oa r d m a yc ons i de ra l l be ha vi ors urr oundi ng the of f e ns e . S e e R e gul a t i ons § 2 40 2(b). T he B oa r d m a ynotr e l yupon “ the a ggr a va t e d na tur e of the c r i m e [ ] i n a nd of i t se l f [ t ] o p rovi de som e e vi dence of c urr e nt d a n g e r o u s n e s s to th e p u b lic ,” L aw ren ce, 4 4 C al . 4 th at1 2 1 4 , u n l ess o th er factors reg ard i n g th e p ri so n er’ s h i st o ry, d em ea n o r o r m en tal state in d icate th at th e “im p li ca ti o n s r eg ar d in g th e p riso n er ’s d an g ero u sn ess th atd eri v e fro m h i s o r h er co m m i ssi o n o f th e co m m i tm en to ffen se r e m a i n pr oba t i ve , ” i d. . H a t c he r ’ s pa tt e rn of vi ol e ntbe ha vi ora nd l a c k of s uf f i c i e nt s e l f - he l p pr ogr a m m i ng i ndi c a t e tha tthe c a l l ous a nd vi ol e ntna tur e of the com m i tm entoffe nse r em ai ned p robat i ve of H at cher ’ s f uture dangerousness, gi ven tha tH a t c he rc om m i tt e d the vi ol e ntc r i m e w hi l e unde rthe i nf l ue nc e of drugs . T he a g g r a v a t e dc i r c u ms t a n c e s o f H a t c h e r ’ s c o mmi tme n to f f e n s e p r o v i d e ds o me e v id e n c e to s u p p o rt d e n y in g p a r o le . In addi t i on t o these four fa ct ors i dent i fi ed by the B oard, the S up er i or C ou rt n o te dits v ie w th a t th e B o a r dr e lie do n H a tc h e r ’s “la c ko f a d e q u a te p a r o le p la n s ” in f i ndi ng H a t c he runs ui t abl e f orpa r ol e . S e e R e gul a t i ons § 2402( d) ( 8) . T hi s gr ound w a s not , how e ve r , af

i ndi ng a rt i c ul a t e d bythe B oa r d a s ar e a s on f ori t s c onc l us i on o f u n s u itab ility , a n dth e r e f o r e th e S u p e r io rC o u rt w a s n o t e n title dto r e lyo n it.7

S e e , e . g. , I n r e E l ki ns , 144 C a l . A pp. 4th 475, 493 ( C a l . C t . A pp. 20 06 )( di sr egar di ng un sui t abi l i ty c i rc um st ance s notre l i ed up on by G ov erno r w hen r e v i e wi n g Go v e rn o r ’ s d e c i s i o n r e v e r s i n g B o a r d ’ s s u i t ab i l i tyf i n d i n g ) . T h u s , we w i l l notr e vi e w the pa r ol e pl a ns ba s i s a s agr ound f orf i ndi ng s om e e vi de nc e of u n s u itab ility . T he B oa r d’ s f

i ndi ngs a s t o H a t c he r ’ s vi ol e nthi s t ory , i ns uf f i c i e nt pr ogr a m m i ng, a nd the c a l l ous na tur e of the of f e ns e a r e s upport e d i n the r e c or d a nd p r o v id e s o m e e v id e n c e o f H a tc h e r ’s f

u tu r e d a n g e r o u s n e s s . T h e S u p e r io rC o u rt d id n o tu n reaso n ab l y ap p l y C al i fo rn i a’ s so m e ev i d en ce o f fu tu re d an g ero u sn ess s t a nda r d orm a ke unr e a s onabl e de t e rm i na t i ons of the f a c t s w he n r e

j e c t i ng H a t c he r ’ s c ha l l e nge t o the B oa r d’ s pa r ol e de c i s i on. S e e H a y w a r d, 603 F . 3d a t562- 63; 28 U . S . C . § 2254( d) ( 1) a nd ( 2) . W e A F F I R M the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s de ni a l of H a t c he r ’ s § 2254 habe a s c orpus pe t i t i on.