U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Library & Multimedia
 Modeling Ecological Risk, Health Promotion, and Prevention Program Effects for Rural Adolescents
NCJ Number
              254734
Journal

*Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research* Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Dated: 2019 Pages: 35-68
Author(s)
          Q. Wu;
                        S. Guo;
                        C. B. Evans;
                        P. R. Smokowski;
                        M. Bacallao;
                        K. C. Stalker
Date Published

2019
Length
              34 pages
Annotation
              This study used five waves of data in assessing the impact of Positive Action (PA), a school program intended to improve adolescent students' mental health and perceptions of school climate 1 year after completion of the program in a sample of low-income, rural youth.
Abstract
              PA is a universal delinquency prevention program that targets risk and protective factors across an adolescent's ecology at the individual, school, family, and community levels. It is a school-based program for pre-kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high school students that intends to decrease risk factors (e.g., substance use, violence, truancy, and family conflict) and increase protective factors (e.g., academic achievement, school attendance, parent-child bonding, and family cohesion). PA was selected for evaluation because it focuses on changing school climate by strengthening positive interactions among students, between students and teachers, and within the general school environment. The evaluation focused on the following student mental health factors: self-esteem, internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression), and aggressive behavior. In addition, school environmental factors were examined, such as negative interpersonal interaction at school and an adverse school climate. PA consists of a series of developmentally and age-related kits of lesson plans and materials for pre-kindergarten through grade 12 students. The current study focused on the middle school PA curriculum, because it has prior evidence and the elementary and high school versions have not been extensively researched. Following multiple imputation and propensity score analysis, the study conducted four hierarchal linear models to examine program effects. The study found that PA program participants reported significant increases in self-esteem and significant decreases in school hassles compared to youths who did not participate in PA. Participation in PA did not have a significant impact on internalizing symptoms or aggression. Some protective factors modestly bolstered adolescent functioning. 4 tables, 1 figure, and 100 references
      
  
          Additional Details
Grant Number(s)
        2014-CK-BX-0104


  
  
        
  Agencies
        NIJ-Sponsored


  
  
        
  Publication Type
        Research (Applied/Empirical)
                                Report (Study/Research)
                                Report (Grant Sponsored)
                                Program/Project Evaluation
                                Program/Project Description


  
  
        
  Award
        A Group Randomized Trial of Restorative Justice Programming to Address the School to Prison Pipeline, Reduce Aggression and Violence, and Enhance School Safety in Middle and High School Students
    
  
  
Date Published: January 1, 2019
    
          Downloads
        
                      HTML
                  PDF, 34 pages

Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              NIJ Journal
    
      
            
            
            
      Podcasts
    
      
            
            
            
      Publications Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Multimedia Listing
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
    
      
            
            
            
      Software & Databases
    
      
            
            
            
      Datasets
    
      
            
            
            
      PatentsRelated Topics
        
                Juvenile delinquency in rural areas
        Juvenile delinquency prevention programs
        Juvenile mental health services
        NIJ Grant-related Documents
        School climate



  
Similar Publications
        
                      Strontium Isotope Ratios of Human Hair Record Intra-City Variations in Tap Water Source
                  Decomposition of Juvenile-Sized Remains: a Macro- and Microscopic Perspective
                  On the testing of Hardy-Weinberg proportions and equality of allele frequencies in males and females at biallelic genetic markers
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov