UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

SOUTHERN DIVISION

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff,

Case No. 09-13693

v.

Paul D. Borman

United States District Judge

MUHAMMAD SHAHAB, et. al,

Defendants.

_____________________________/

ORDER STRIKING DEFENDANT FAMILY ALLIANCE HOME HEALTHCARE, LLC’S

ANSWER TO PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT AND REQUIRING DEFENDANT FAMILY

ALLIANCE HOME HEALTHCARE, LLC TO RETAIN COUNSEL OR RISK ENTRY OF A

DEFAULT

On September 3, 2014, Arif Waheed filed an Answer to Plaintiff’s Complaint on behalf of

Defendant Family Alliance Home Healthcare, LLC, a Michigan limited liability corporation. (ECF

No. 97). However, nothing in the record indicates that Mr. Waheed is a licensed attorney which is

a prerequisite to represent a limited liability corporation in federal court. 

The law has been well settled for the “better part of two centuries” that a corporation may

appear in federal courts only through licensed counsel and not through the pro se representation of

an officer, agent, or shareholder. Rowland v. California Men’s Colony, 506 U.S. 194, 201-03 (1993)

(Recognizing that federal law requires that “corporations, partnerships, or associations” or any

“artificial entity” must appear in court only through counsel.”); Doherty v. Am. Motors Corp., 728

F.2d 334, 340 (6th Cir. 1984) (“[T]he rule of this circuit is that a corporation cannot appear in

federal court except through an attorney.”). This rule also applies to limited liability corporations. 

See Lattanzio v. COMTA, 481 F.3d 137, 140 (2d Cir. 2007) (“Because both a partnership and a

corporation must appear through licensed counsel, and because a limited liability company is a

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hybrid of the partnership and corporate forms, a limited liability company also may appear in federal

court only through a licensed attorney.” (internal citation omitted)); see also Van Lokeren v. City

of Grosse Pointe Park, Mich., 2014 WL 988965 (E.D. Mich. March 13, 2014) (adopting the

reasoning of Lattanzio in holding that plaintiff limited liability corporation may only appear in

federal court through a licensed attorney); Barrette Outdoor Living, Inc. v. Mich. Resin

Representatives, LLC, No. 11-13335, 2013 WL 1799858, at * 7 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 5, 2013) (Report

and Recommendation adopted by 2013 WL 1800356 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 29, 2013) (recognizing that

the rule that a corporation cannot litigate in federal court pro se “also applies to limited liability

corporations.”); Taitt v. Secretary, Dept. Of Treas., No. 09-12576, 2010 WL 1541495, * 3 (E.D.

Mich. Mar. 10, 2010) (Report and Recommendation adopted by 2010 WL 1541491 (E.D. Mich. Apr.

19, 2010) (relying on Lattanzio and granting defendant’s motion to dismiss finding that pro se

plaintiff could not bring claims on behalf of a limited liability corporation despite claiming to be a

partner in the same); Dalmayer v. State of Mich., No. 08-12784, 2009 WL 224586 (E.D. Mich. Jan.

29, 2009) (adopting Report and Recommendation holding that the plaintiff limited liability

corporations were “artificial business entities” and therefore must be represented in federal court by

counsel.); see also WB Music Corp. v. Port City Cruise Line, Inc., No. 09-742, 2009 WL 3066663,

at * 1 n.1 (W.D. Mich., Sept. 22, 2009) (relying upon Lattanzio and finding same.).

Accordingly, where there is nothing in the record indicating that Mr. Waheed can properly

represent Defendant Family Alliance Home Healthcare, LLC, the Court shall:

(1) STRIKE the September 3, 2014 Answer filed by Mr. Waheed from the docket; 

(2) ORDER that Defendant Family Alliance Home Healthcare, LLC retain counsel and file and

serve an Answer or otherwise respond to Plaintiff’s complaint within THIRTY (30) DAYS

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of this Order or risk an entry of default judgment. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

s/Paul D. Borman 

PAUL D. BORMAN

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Dated: November 10, 2014

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

The undersigned certifies that a copy of the foregoing order was served upon each attorney or party

of record herein by electronic means or first class U.S. mail on November 10, 2014.

s/Deborah Tofil 

Case Manager

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