FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

JANUARY 29, 2008

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 07-12885

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D. C. Docket No. 06-02531-CV-RWS-1

JANICE CARLISLE, 

Petitioner-Appellant, 

versus 

R. L. CONWAY, 

Sheriff, Gwinnett County, Georgia, 

Respondent-Appellee. 

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

_________________________

(January 29, 2008)

Before WILSON, PRYOR and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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Janice Carlisle, a Georgia state prisoner convicted of stalking and aggravated

stalking, appeals the district court’s denial of her petition for habeas relief, 28

U.S.C. § 2254. Because we conclude that the state court’s decision was not

contrary to or an unreasonable application of federal law, we affirm.

According to the record, Melissa Bailey had dated Todd Gibbs for two years

before she ended the relationship, at which time Gibbs began stalking Bailey. 

Although Carlisle did not know Bailey, she and Gibbs were friends. Carlisle

placed calls to Bailey at work and at home, followed Bailey, and took pictures,

which she gave to Gibbs. After Bailey moved to avoid Gibbs, Carlisle mailed a

certified letter to Bailey’s prior address in order to discover the new address. 

Thereafter, Gibbs began contacting Bailey directly. Carlisle v. State, 273 Ga. App.

567, 568 (Ga. Ct. App. 2005). Carlisle apparently knew that Gibbs was stalking

Bailey, and she told a friend that she was helping Gibbs “for the money.” Police

issued a stalking warrant, after which Carlisle contacted Bailey’s family and asked

if police were trying to arrest Gibbs for stalking. On November 12, 1996, Gibbs

was arrested, but released on bond with the condition that he have no contact with

Bailey. Carlisle told a friend that she knew Gibbs had been arrested because he

violated a restraining order. Id. at 569. On December 20, 1996, Bailey returned to

her apartment and found Gibbs attempting to gain entry. When the police arrived,
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they found Carlisle in the car in front of the apartment and Gibbs attempting to

break into Bailey’s home. Carlisle admitted that she knew Gibbs was trying to

break into the apartment. While in jail, Gibbs attempted to contact Bailey, but was

limited to collect calls through the operator. Calls on Bailey’s answering machine

included the collect-call greeting. Gibbs then used Carlisle to make a three-way

call to Bailey. Carlisle was then arrested and charged with stalking and aggravated

stalking. Id. 

Following a bench trial, Carlisle was convicted on both counts. Id. at 567. 

On appeal, the Georgia Court of Appeals overturned the conviction for aggravated

stalking, finding that the evidence was insufficient to show that Carlisle knew

Gibbs was subject to a condition of bond to stay away from Bailey, as alleged in

the indictment. Id. at 572. 

The Georgia Supreme Court reversed in part, concluding that the evidence

was sufficient to establish that Carlisle was aware of a court order prohibiting

Gibbs from contacting Bailey. The court further held that the state was not

required to prove the specific type of court order that prohibited contact. Based on

the evidence, the court then concluded a reasonable fact finder could have found

Carlisle knew of a court order prohibiting Gibbs from having contact with Bailey. 

State v. Carlisle, 280 Ga. 770, 772 (Ga. 2006). Carlisle filed for certiorari, which
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the U.S. Supreme Court denied. Carlisle then filed the instant § 2254 petition,

arguing that her conviction was based on insufficient evidence, in violation of

Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). 

The magistrate judge recommended denying the petition because there was

sufficient evidence for a reasonable trier of fact to conclude that Carlisle knew

there was a court order, and that state law did not require that she knew the type of

order at issue. The district court adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation,

over Carlisle’s objections, and denied relief. The district court granted a certificate

of appealability on the issue of sufficiency of the evidence.

We review the district court’s denial of habeas relief de novo, while factual

findings made by the district court are reviewed for clear error. Sims v. Singletary,

155 F.3d 1297, 1304 (11th Cir. 1998). In reviewing a state court’s decision

denying habeas relief, a federal court is prohibited from granting habeas relief

unless the state decision was (1) “contrary to, or involved an unreasonable

application of, clearly established federal law, as determined by the United States

Supreme Court,” or (2) “based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in

light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(d). A state court decision is “contrary to” clearly established federal law if

either “(1) the state court applied a rule that contradicts the governing law set forth
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by Supreme Court case law, or (2) when faced with materially indistinguishable

facts, the state court arrived at a result different from that reached in a Supreme

Court case.” Putman v. Head, 268 F.3d 1223, 1241 (11th Cir. 2001). An

“unreasonable application” of clearly established federal law may occur if the state

court “identifies the correct legal rule from Supreme Court case law but

unreasonably applies that rule to the facts of the petitioner’s case.” Id. 

The Supreme Court has held, in the context of a state prisoner’s habeas

challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support her conviction, that the

“critical inquiry” is “whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most

favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the

essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia,

443 U.S. 307, 318-19, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979) (emphasis in

original), overruled on other grounds by Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298, 115 S.Ct.

851, 130 L.Ed.2d 808 (1995). The Court noted that it is the duty of the trier of fact

“to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw

reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts,” and stressed that a

reviewing court may not substitute its judgment as to whether it believes the

evidence to be sufficient to sustain a conviction. Id. In addition, “[i]n a federal

habeas corpus proceeding, a federal court is bound by the state court’s
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interpretation of a state criminal statute.” Garcia v. Perringer, 878 F.2d 360, 362

(11th Cir. 1989) (citing Bronstein v. Wainwright, 646 F.2d 1048, 1050 (5th Cir.

Unit B 1981)). 

Moreover, a state court’s factual findings are presumed correct, and the

petitioner can rebut them only by clear and convincing evidence. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(e)(1). For a state court’s adjudication to result in an unreasonable

determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented, “[n]ot only must the

factual determination have been unreasonable, but the state court’s factual findings

must be shown unreasonable by clear and convincing evidence.” Callahan v.

Campbell, 427 F.3d 897, 926 (11th Cir. 2005). The burden is on the petitioner to

establish that the factual findings are unreasonable. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(1). 

Moreover, in a habeas petition challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, it is the

petitioner’s burden to produce the relevant portions of the record. 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(f). 

The state trial transcripts are not part of the record on appeal. Thus, Carlisle

has not met her burden and we defer to the state court’s factual findings, as recited

in the court opinions. 

In Georgia, a person commits the offense of aggravated stalking 

when such person, in violation of a bond to keep the peace . . . ,

temporary restraining order, temporary protective order, permanent
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restraining order, permanent protective order, preliminary injunction,

good behavior bond, or permanent injunction or condition of pretrial

release, condition of probation, or condition of parole in effect

prohibiting the behavior described in this subsection, follows, places

under surveillance, or contacts another person at or about a place or

places without the consent of the other person for the purpose of

harassing and intimidating the other person.

O.C.G.A. § 16-5-91(a). Here, Carlisle’s friend Dana Roberts testified that Carlisle

told her that Gibbs had violated a restraining order. Carlisle made this statement

after Gibbs’s November arrest but prior to the December arrest. Carlisle also told

Roberts that Gibbs was seeking psychiatric care in an effort to have the charges

dropped, and he received this care before his December arrest. Cathy Clark

testified that Carlisle discussed her efforts to help Gibbs stalk the victim, and that

Carlisle knew Gibbs was not “supposed to be around” the victim and that “he had

already been charged or arrested for stalking” her. 280 Ga. at 773-774. 

Deferring to the state court’s factual findings and its interpretation of its own

laws, there was sufficient evidence to establish the elements of aggravated stalking. 

The testimony presented would have permitted a reasonable trier of fact to

conclude that Carlisle was aware that Gibbs was under a court order to refrain from

contacting the victim. The fact that Carlisle may not have known the exact type of

court order is not relevant, as the Georgia Supreme Court has held that the type of

order is not an element of the offense. See id. at 772.
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Because Carlisle has not shown the state court’s factual findings to be

unreasonable, and this court must defer to the state court’s findings, there was

sufficient evidence presented for a reasonable trier of fact to find Carlisle guilty of

aggravated stalking. Accordingly, the state court’s decision was not contrary to

nor an unreasonable application of federal law, and we AFFIRM the denial of

habeas relief.