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104TH CONGRESS

2D SESSION H. R. 4117

To amend title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to establish provisions

with respect to religious accommodation in employment, and for other

purposes.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

SEPTEMBER 19, 1996

Mr. NADLER (for himself, Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. TOWNS, Mrs. MALONEY, and

Ms. LOFGREN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the

Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities

A BILL

To amend title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to

establish provisions with respect to religious accommodation in employment, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Workplace Religious

5 Freedom Act of 1996’’.

6 SEC. 2. AMENDMENT.

7 (a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 701(j) of the Civil Rights

8 Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e(j)) is amended—

9 (1) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(j)’’;
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1 (2) by inserting ‘‘, after initiating and engaging

2 in an affirmative and bona fide effort,’’ after ‘‘un3 able’’; and

4 (3) by adding at the end the following:

5 ‘‘(2) As used in this subsection, the term ‘undue

6 hardship’ means an accommodation requiring significant

7 difficulty or expense. For purposes of determining whether

8 an accommodation requires significant difficulty or ex9 pense, the factors to be considered shall include—

10 ‘‘(A) the identifiable cost of the accommodation

11 in relation to the size and operating cost of the em12 ployer; and

13 ‘‘(B) the number of individuals who will need a

14 particular accommodation to a religious observance

15 or practice.’’.

16 (b) EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES.—Section 703 of such

17 Act (42 U.S.C. 2000e–2) is amended by adding at the end

18 the following:

19 ‘‘(o)(1) For purposes of determining whether an em20 ployer has committed an unlawful employment practice

21 under this title by failing to provide a reasonable accom22 modation to the religious observance or practice of an em23 ployee or prospective employee, an accommodation by the

24 employer shall not be deemed to be reasonable if—
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1 ‘‘(A) such accommodation does not remove the

2 conflict between employment requirements and the

3 religious observance or practice of the employee or

4 prospective employee; or

5 ‘‘(B)(i) the employee or prospective employee

6 demonstrates to the employer the availability of an

7 alternative accommodation less onerous to the em8 ployee or prospective employee that may be made by

9 the employer without undue hardship on the conduct

10 of the employer’s business; and

11 ‘‘(ii) the employer refuses to make such accom12 modation.

13 ‘‘(2) It shall not be a defense to a claim of unlawful

14 employment practice for failure to provide a reasonable ac15 commodation that such accommodation would be in viola16 tion of a bona fide seniority system if, in order for the

17 employer to reasonably accommodate to such observance

18 or practice—

19 ‘‘(A) an adjustment would be made in the em20 ployee’s work hours (including an adjustment that

21 requires the employee to work overtime in order to

22 avoid working at a time that abstention from work

23 is necessary to satisfy religious requirements), shift,

24 or job assignment, that would not be available to

25 any employee but for such accommodation; or
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1 ‘‘(B) the employee and any other employee

2 would voluntarily exchange shifts or job assign3 ments, or voluntarily make some other arrangement

4 between the employees.

5 ‘‘(3)(A) An employer shall not be required to pay pre6 mium wages for work performed during hours to which

7 such premium wages would ordinarily be applicable, if

8 work is performed during such hours only to accommodate

9 religious requirements of an employee.

10 ‘‘(B) As used in this paragraph, the term ‘premium

11 wages’ includes premium overtime pay, pay for night,

12 weekend, or holiday work, and pay for standby or irregular

13 duty.’’.

14 SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.

15 (a) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Except as provided in sub16 section (b), this Act and the amendments made by section

17 2 shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act.

18 (b) APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.—The amend19 ments made by section 2 shall not apply with respect to

20 conduct occurring before the date of enactment of this

21 Act.

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