IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA No. 18

- 0093 Filed March 7, 2018
IN THE INTEREST OF M.F., Minor Child, N.F., Mother, Appellant.

________________________________________________________________ Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour , District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child

. AFFIRMED
.

Judy D. Johnson of Borseth Law Office, Altoona, for appellant mother. Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Gretchen Witte Kraemer, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee State. Lynn M. Voga n of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, guardian ad litem for min or child.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Potterfield and Mullins, JJ.2

VOGEL, Presiding Judge. The mother appeals the district court’s termination of her parental rights to her child, M.F. She asserts the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence her rights should be terminate d pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(e) and (h) (2017), termination is not in the child’s best interest, and her bond with the child should preclude termination

. B ecause the mother failed to correct the many ci rcumstances in her life that put the child at risk, we affirm the order of the district court. I. Background Facts and Proceedings This family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) after M.F. was born , test ing positive for cannabinoid s in his system

. While the mother was at the hospital following the child’s birth , her paramour had to be removed from the hospital by security for yelling and screaming at the mother

. After the mother was discharged from the hospital, the par amour threatened the mother at her residence, and he later admitted to beating the mother while she was pregnant. On January 11, 2017, just seven days after M.F. was born, the DHS attempted to remove M.F. from the mother’s care . However, t he moth er would not consen t to removal , and she fled s uddenly with the child and was not located for two days

. Once located, M.F. was removed and placed with a foster family

. On February 14, the mother stipulated to M.F. ’s adjudicat ion as a child in need of assistance (CINA) under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2), (n), and (o). The DHS provided services, including substance

- abuse evaluations and
treatment , mental

- health evaluations and treatment , and domestic

- violence3

counselling. Following the CINA adjudication, the mother complied with substance

- abuse services until April when she abruptly stopped , describing the counselor as “rude and inappropriate.” She eventually entered another treatment
program in May , but her attendance was sporadic . She entered an inpatient
tre atment program in mid

- June but was dismissed from the program in mid

- July because of a poor attitude , defacing property , and stealing. The mother attended three or four mental

- health a ppointments from April to July. The mother also received domestic

- v iolence services , but the last record of her attendance was in April

. Following the July 14 permanency hearing, the mother avoided her DHS

case worker. The mother did not notify the DHS that she was staying at her sister’s apartment or that she had been t he passenger in a car her abusive paramour was driving while a no

- contact order remained in effect

. The DHS worker only discovered these events after randomly seeing and conversing with the mother at

a shopping mall. With little if any progress towards reunification being made, the S tate moved to terminate the mother’s parental rights

. A contested hearing was held on October 11, 2017 , after which t he district court terminated the mother’s parental rights to M.F. under Iowa Code section 232.116 (1 ) (e) and (h). 1 The mother appeals. II. Standard of Review We review termination proceedings de novo. In re A.M. , 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). Weight is given to the juvenile court’ s factual findings, especially

1 The parental rights of the father were terminated , but he does not appeal.4

when considering the credibility of witne sses, but we are not bound by those findings. Id

. Our primary con sideration is the best interest of the child

. In re A.B. , 815 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012). The grounds for termination must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. Id . at 774. III. Statutory Grounds “W e may affirm t he juvenile court’ s termination order on any ground that we find supported by clear and convincing evidence. ” See In re D.W. , 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010) ( affirming termination under one of six independent grounds ci ted by juvenile court). The fourth element of Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) provides termination is warranted if “there is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be returned to the custody of [the mother] . . . at the present time.” Iowa C ode § 232.116(1)(h)(4). In its ruling, the district court concluded: The child in interest cannot be returned to the custody of the child ’ s [mother] as provide d in Iowa Code s ection 232.102 at the present time due to m other’s unresolved substance abuse is sues, unresolved domestic violence issues, her lack of stable and safe housing, her untreated mental health issues , and continued association with unsafe persons. The mother sporadically attended services, including substance

- abuse treatment, mental

- health therapy, and domestic

- violence counselling. But any compliance with services was short lived. T he mother was discharged from one substance abuse treatment facility in the middle of July for her destructive attitude and behavior. S he then sporadic ally attended a few outpatient classes until the b eginning of September, and eventually , she signed up for inpatient treatment on the day of the termination hearing, October 11. Despite this sporadic attendance,5

the mother maintained contact with known drug users , continued to use illegal substances , and admitted to smoking marijuana the night before the termination hearing. Also, despite attending a domestic violence awareness class, the mother maintained contact with her paramour , against whom a no

- co ntact order remained in effect

. Additionally , the mother still lacks stable housing. The mother currently sleeps on the couch at her sister’s apartment , and though the mother claims she could take M.F. there, the sister refused to allow the DHS to even e nter the home

. Due to the mother’s failure to address her substance

- abuse, mental

- health, and domestic

- violence issues, along with her failure to obtain stable housing, we agree with the district court that there is clear and convincing evidence the child could not be returned to the mother at the time of the termination hearing. IV. Best Interest T he mother also asserts the State did not prove by clear and convincing evidence termination of her parental rights was in the child’s best interest

. See In re P.L

. , 778 N.W.2d 33, 40

– 41 (Iowa 2010)

. In making a best

- interest determination, we “give pri mary consideration to the child’ s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long

- term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child.” Iowa Code § 232.116(2). In concluding termination was in the child’s best intere st, the district court stated: [The mother] has [not] demonstrated [she is] willing or able to fulfill this parental role. The evidence shows m other continues to have unresolved substance abuse, mental health, domestic violence issues and unstable housin g. Mother [’ s] testimony revealed her complete lack of insight into her decisions and how they negatively impact this child’ s safety and future. It is not in this child’s best6 interest to continue to suspend the crucial days of childhood while [the mother ] experiments with ways to face up to [her] own problems. M.F. has been safely cared for in his foster family since he was about one

- week old

. Due to mother’s inability to make the necessary changes in her life to safely parent M.F., we agree with the d istr ict court it is in M.F.’s best interest to terminate the mother’s parental rights. Moreover, the court also considered whether any bond between M.F. and the mother w ould weigh against termination. See Id. § 232.116(3)(c). Such a consideration is per missive and not mandatory. See P.L. , 778 N.W.2d at 39. Due to M.F.’s young age and early placement with a foster family , the district court found the bond between the mother and M.F. was a “diminished attachment.” W e agree with the di strict court ; any perceived bond should not preclude termination. V. Conclusion Because the mother has not addressed the fac tors that led to M.F.’s removal and M.F. coul d not be safely returned to the mother, termination is in the child’s best interest. Also, due to M.F. ’s young age, there are no factors that would preclude termination. AFFIRMED.