# Patent

## Title
Analog-to-digital conversion with noise injection via wavefront multiplexing techniques

## Abstract

A novel noise injection technique is presented to improve dynamic range with low resolution and low speed analog to digital converters. This technique combines incoming signal and noise signal with wave front de-multiplexer and split into several channels. Then low resolution and low speed analog to digital converters are used to sample each channels. All signals are recovered using wave front multiplexer. For advanced design, ground diagnostic signals with optimizing processor can be added to guarantee recovery quality.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION DATA
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 13/762,413, filed Feb. 8, 2013, now pending, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/985,044, filed Jan. 5, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,384,572, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/381,381, filed Sep. 10, 2010.


BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present invention relates to architectures and designs of digital systems. More specifically, but without limitation thereto, the present invention pertains to an electronic signal conversion system that utilizes a noise injection system in order to maintain or increase signal resolution and increase the dynamic range. The present invention also offers a more time-efficient conversion as well as a more cost-effective conversion method.
2. Prior Art
The following is a tabulation of some prior art that presently appears relevant:










U.S. Patents










Pat. No.
Kind Code
Issue Date
Patentee





5,077,562

1991 Dec. 31
Chang et al.


5,630,221

1997 May 13
Birleson


6,049,251

2000 Mar. 11
Meyer


6,526,139
Bl
2003 Feb. 25
Rousell et









NON-PATENT LITERATURE DOCUMENTS


    Estrada, A.; Autotestcon, 2007 IEEE, “Improving high speed analog to digital converter dynamic range by noise injection”.


Currently in the electronics field, conversions between digital and analog signals are necessary for many day-to-day electronic operations. Analog signals are signals that utilize properties of the medium to convey the signal's information, essentially used in its original form. In particular for the field of electronics, an analog signal is taking a signal and translating it directly into electronic pulses. On the other hand, a signal is considered digital when it is processed into discrete time signals, usually in the form of a binary code (Is and 0s instead of a continuously variable function as found in analog signals). Nowadays, although nearly all information is encrypted digitally, analog signals commonly function as carrier signals for information transmission.
As a result, conversions between analog and digital signals for modern electronics are a common occurrence. For example, portable cellular phone signals are broadcast in the analog format and need to be converted to a digital signal within the phone itself for practical use.
Television signals are also transmitted in the analog spectrum and have to be converted to digital format for signal processing.
A key performance index of conversion from analog to digital (A/D) is the dynamic range, which is the ratio between the smallest and largest possible values of changeable quantities. Additionally, only signal strengths within the specified dynamic range can be detected. As a result, the dynamic range that is factored into A/D circuit design is required to be reasonably wide, and in some cases, to be as wide as possible. For instance, color perceptible to the human eye ranges from 4.28×1014 Hz (hertz) to 7.14×1014 Hz. If, for example, a TV's dynamic range cannot cover this spectrum, the quality of the TV signal will degrade as it cannot show all the colors in the received TV video signal.
Utilizing such wide dynamic ranges has several issues. While higher dynamic range means better precision and resolution of digital signals, the higher dynamic range also necessitates more expensive and precise equipment. There are cases where it is impossible to implement such devices either because it is impractical or too costly, such as in mobile devices.
Additionally, analog-to-digital conversions have an issue with unwanted noise being introduced into the signal. One source of noise is the conversion itself, as an analog signal is changed to a format that eliminates some of the fine resolution of the signal. Because of this, research has been performed to increase the dynamic range of analog-to-digital converters without changing the resolution, as well as reducing unwarranted and unwanted noise. The present embodiment of the invention aims to mitigate both of these factors in A/D converters by introducing a “noise” injection to essentially cancel out any unwanted noise as well as maintain a high dynamic range so that resolution is not lost in the conversion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a noise injection system for the purpose of eliminating unwanted noise while maintaining a high dynamic range for analog to digital conversions, comprising: a wave front de-multiplexer, multiple analog-to-digital converters and a wave front multiplexer.
The noise injection system performs as follows. Multiple input signal streams, noise injection streams, and a ground are all connected to a wave-front multiplexer, where the signal and noise signal outputs are connected to a multiplexer. Here, the signals are multiplexed (combined) into N data streams, each with a signal component of all inputs. The multiplexer output lines are transmitted to A/D converters. After conversion to digital format, the sampled digitized signals are transmitted to a wave-front de-multiplexer, where the data streams are recovered into output signals matching the inputs. These signals are then reconverted from digital to analog if necessary.
Through injecting noises which could be eliminated by filters afterwards, the present invention enhances signal strength while maintaining a high dynamic range. Weak signals out of the A/D converter dynamic range are now able to be detected because of added noise. In such a way, the signals' dynamic range is increased. Additionally, injecting noise also has the benefit of cancelling out any unwanted noise, thus increasing clarity and signal resolution.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention involves utilizing an optimization processor that is connected to the wave-front de-multiplexer. Samples of the signals being processed are sent to the processor, where an optimization loop adaptively adjusts the strength, phase, and wave front vectors of the noise in order to cancel out the unwanted noise. After processing, the signals are re-introduced into the signal streams for proper cancellation of unwanted noise.
With the proposed noise injection system, the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital conversion system can be accommodated with the injected noise level without redesigning the system. Furthermore, the signal converters in this invention process fewer bits of data, thus reducing power requirements, cost and complexity.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an analog/digital conversion system with an attached optimizer
FIG. 2 is an illustration of an alternative implementation analog/digital conversion system
FIG. 3 is an illustration of another alternative implementation of the conversion system













DRAWINGS - Reference Numerals


















102a
Incoming signal (analog)
102b
Incoming signal (digital)


104a
Noise to inject (analog)
104b
Injected noise (digital)


105a
Ground, no signal (analog)
105b
Ground, no signal (digital)


106a
Ground, zero (analog)
106b
Ground, zero (digital)


108
Wave front multiplexer
110a, b, c, d 
Analog to digital converter


112
Wave front de-multiplexer
114
Optimizer









DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention relates to the architecture and design of electronic systems, and, in particular to electronic signal conversion hardware architecture and design.
An implementation of one embodiment is shown in FIG. 1. In this particular embodiment, there are 4 input ports with 4 signal inputs including: incoming signal 102a, injected noise signal input 104a, and two grounded signals 105a, 106a, are connected to multiplexer 108. The input ports in the actual implementation may vary, and not limited to 4 input ports. The injected noise signal 104a and incoming signal 102a will be split in wave-front multiplexer 108 and mixed with each other in order to improve dynamic range of the whole system. Ground 105a and 106a will be used as diagnostic signals.
Wave-front multiplexer 108, equally splits and mixes M input signals to form N output signals, where, in this embodiment, M and N are both 4. Each of mixed N signals contains information from all M input signals. Each output of N signals maintains a fixed relative phase difference and N output signals form a wave front vector. For example, in case of FIG. 1, if I use a 4-point Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) as a wave front multiplexer, then the phase difference between each output signal is e−iπ/2. The wave front vector is [1, e−iπ/2, e−iπ, e−i3π/2] This wave front vector will be used to recover the mixed signals.
Thus, after wave front multiplexer 108 processes the N inputs, 4 output signals are already incoming signals mixed with proper noises. If FFT is used as a wave front multiplexer, each channel only possesses A/D bandwidth of the original signal. As a result, cheap, low speed and low resolution A/D converters 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d are used to sample these signals. After conversion, the signals are all in the digital format.
A wave front de-multiplexer 112 performs the inverse process of wave front multiplexer. The de-multiplexer 112 is used to recover the mixed signals to the original input signals in the digital domain. For example, if FFT is used previously, an Inverse Fast Fourier Transformer (IFFT) will be used here. After this, an incoming signal in digital domain 102b, an injected noise in digital domain 104b, ground in digital domain 105b and 106b are recovered.
All signals are recovered due to the wave front vector which represents phase differences among signals. Therefore, if any distortion occurred in previous steps, the wave front vector will be distorted. However, with the help of optimizer 114, even if signals are distorted, recovery can still be successful. By using diagnostic signals ground 105a and 106a, if signal recovery is successful, the recovered signals 105b and 106b should be perfectly zero. Optimizer 114 adaptively adjusts the wave front vector until the signals 105b and 106b reach zero. Thus, any previous distortion is compensated for, and the output signals exhibit improved clarity than without the present invention.
Alternative Embodiments
An alternative embodiment of the noise injection system is shown in FIG. 2. Incoming signal 102a and injected noise 104a input signals in this embodiment. The rest of this embodiment is the same as the main embodiment. But optimizer, since there is no reference signal such as 105a or 106b, quality of the output signal cannot be determined.
Another alternative embodiment of the noise injection system is shown in FIG. 3. The input signals include signal 102a, injected noise 104a and one grounded signal 105a or 106a. The rest of this embodiment is the same as main embodiment but optimizer. Signal 105b can be used as a diagnostic signal. It is to indicate the quality of the output signal 102b.

## Claims

1. An apparatus for analog to digital signal conversion,. comprising:
a first processor comprising a first input port configured to receive a first input signal, a second input port configured to receive a second input signal and a first output port configured to output a first output signal containing information from said first and second input signals;
an analog-to-digital converting block downstream of said first output port;
a second processor comprising a third input port downstream of said analog-to-digital converting block, a second output port configured to output digital representation of said first input signal and a third output port configured to output digital representation of said second input signal; and
an optimizer configured to adjust a wave-front vector for recovering said digital representation of said second input signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first processor comprises a fourth output port configured to output a second output signal containing information from said first and second input signals, wherein said analog-to-digital converting block is further downstream of said second output port, wherein said second processor further comprises a fourth input port downstream of said analog-to-digital converting block.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said analog-to-digital converting block comprises a first analog-to-digital converter downstream of said first output port and upstream of said third input port and a second analog-to-digital converter downstream of said fourth output port and upstream of said fourth input port.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first processor comprises a Fourier transformer and said second processor comprises an inverse Fourier transformer.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first processor comprises a fast Fourier transformer and said second processor comprises an inverse fast Fourier transformer.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second processor is configured to perform an inverse process of said first processor.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said optimizer is connected to said second processor.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said optimizer is configured to adjust said wave-front vector for recovering said digital representation of said second input signal into zero.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second input signal comprises a ground signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said second input signal comprises a diagnostic signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first processor further comprises a fourth input port configured to receive a third input signal, wherein said first output signal contains information further from said third input signal.

12. An apparatus for analog to digital signal conversion, comprising:
a first processor comprising a first input port configured to receive a first input signal, a second input port configured to receive a second input signal and a first output port configured to output a first output signal containing information from said first and second input signals;
a signal processing block downstream of said first output port;
a second processor comprising a third input port downstream of said signal processing block, a second output port configured to generate a first output associated with said first input signal and a third output port configured to generate a second output associated with said second input signal; and
an optimizer configured to adjust a wave-front vector for recovering said second output into zero.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said first processor comprises a fourth output port configured to output a second output signal containing information from said first and second input signals, wherein said signal processing block is further downstream of said second output port, wherein said second processor further comprises a fourth input port downstream of said signal processing block.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said signal processing block comprises a first analog-to-digital converter downstream of said first output port and upstream of said third input port and a second analog-to-digital converter downstream of said fourth output port and upstream of said fourth input port.

15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said first processor comprises a Fourier transformer and said second processor comprises an inverse Fourier transformer.

16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said optimizer is connected to said second processor.

17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said second processor is configured to perform an inverse process of said first processor.

18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said signal processing block comprises an analog-to-digital converter downstream of said first output port and upstream of said third input port.

19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said second input signal comprises a ground signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said second input signal comprises a diagnostic signal.