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                                                                 EXHIBIT 3(ii).1

                          AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                               SYNERGY 2000, INC.,
                             A Delaware Corporation

                                    ARTICLE I
                                     OFFICES

         Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation
(the "Corporation") in the State of Delaware shall be located at 1013 Centre
Road, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of the
Corporation's registered agent at such address shall be Corporation Service
Company. The registered office and/or registered agent of the Corporation may be
changed from time to time by action of the Board of Directors.

         Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such
other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the Board of
Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may
require.

                                   ARTICLE II
                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

         Section 1. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the stockholders shall
be held each year within 150 days after the close of the immediately preceding
fiscal year of the Corporation or at such other time specified by the Board of
Directors for the purpose of electing Directors and conducting such other proper
business as may come before the annual meeting. At the annual meeting,
stockholders shall elect Directors and transact such other business as properly
may be brought before the annual meeting pursuant to Section 11 of ARTICLE II
hereof.

         Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders may
only be called in the manner provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, as
amended from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation").

         Section 3. Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting
for any annual meeting or for any special meeting. If no designation is made, or
if a special meeting be otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the
principal executive office of the Corporation. If for any reason any annual
meeting shall not be held during any year, the business thereof may be
transacted at any special meeting of the stockholders.

         Section 4. Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to
take action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, date,
time and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such
meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not
less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. All such
notices shall be delivered, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction
of the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board, the president or the
secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the
stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the
Corporation. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of
notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express purpose
of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

         Section 5. Stockholders List. The officer having charge of the stock
ledger of the Corporation shall make, at least 10 days before every meeting of
the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such
meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder
and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list
shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to
the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least 10 days


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prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to
be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting or, if not
so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also
be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

         Section 6. Quorum. The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
of capital stock entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy,
shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as
otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or by
the Certificate of Incorporation. If a quorum is not present, the holders of a
majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting,
and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to another time
and/or place. When a specified item of business requires a vote by a class or
series (if the Corporation shall then have outstanding shares of more than one
class or series) voting as a class or series, the holders of a majority of the
shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum (as to such class or
series) for the transaction of such item of business.

         Section 7. Adjourned Meetings. When a meeting is adjourned to another
time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time
and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting the Corporation may transact any business which
might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for
more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for
the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

         Section 8. Vote Required. When a quorum is present, the affirmative
vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the
stockholders, unless (i) by express provisions of an applicable law or of the
Certificate of Incorporation a different vote is required, in which case such
express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question, or
(ii) the subject matter is the election of Directors, in which case Section 2 of
ARTICLE III hereof shall govern and control the approval of such subject matter.

         Section 9. Voting Rights. Except as otherwise provided by the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation of
the Corporation or any amendments thereto or these By-laws, every stockholder
shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to (i) one vote in person
or by proxy for each share of common stock held by such stockholder.

         Section 10. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her
by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from
its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy
shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as
long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an
irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the
interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an
interest in the Corporation generally. Any proxy is suspended when the person
executing the proxy is present at a meeting of stockholders and elects to vote,
except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the
interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall
have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the
presence of the person executing the proxy. At each meeting of the stockholders,
and before any voting commences, all proxies filed at or before the meeting
shall be submitted to and examined by the secretary or a person designated by
the secretary, and no shares may be represented or voted under a proxy that has
been found to be invalid or irregular.

         Section 11. Business Brought Before an Annual Meeting. At an annual
meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have
been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an
annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii)
brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or
(iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For
business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of
the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not
less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the meeting; provided, however,
that in the event that less than 70 days' notice or prior public announcement of
the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the


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stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the date on which such notice of the date of
the annual meeting was mailed or such public announcement was made. A
stockholder's notice to the secretary shall set forth as to each matter the
stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description
of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (ii) the name
and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of the stockholder
proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Corporation
which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and (iv) any material interest
of the stockholder in such business. Notwithstanding anything in these By-laws
to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this section. The presiding officer
of an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the
meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting and in
accordance with the provisions of this section; if he should so determine, he
shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought
before the meeting shall not be transacted. For purposes of this section,
"public announcement" shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by Dow
Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service.
Nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to
request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange
Act").

         Section 12. Stockholder Action By Written Consent Without a Meeting.
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action
required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the
Corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of
such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and
without a vote if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is
signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum
number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.

         Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting
by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who
have not consented in writing. If the action which is consented to is such as
would have required the filing of a certificate under any section of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware if such action had been voted on by stockholders at
a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under such section shall state, in
lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of
stockholders, that written notice and written consent have been given as
provided in Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

                                   ARTICLE III
                                    DIRECTORS

         Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation
shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In
addition to such powers as are herein and in the Certificate of Incorporation
expressly conferred upon it, the Board of Directors shall have and may exercise
all the powers of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the laws of
Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation and these By-laws.

         Section 2. Number, Election and Term of Office. Subject to any rights
of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional Directors
under specified circumstances, the number of Directors which shall constitute
the Board of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of
Directors within a range of no less than one (1) and no more than eleven (11),
and hereafter such number shall be fixed from time to time by resolution adopted
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of Directors then in
office. The Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in
the election of Directors; provided that, whenever the holders of any class or
series of capital stock of the Corporation are entitled to elect one or more
Directors pursuant to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the
Corporation (including, but not limited to, for purposes of these By-laws,
pursuant to any duly authorized certificate of designation), such Directors
shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of such class or series present in
person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the
election of such Directors. The Directors shall be elected and shall hold office
only in the manner provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.

         Section 3. Removal and Resignation. No Director may be removed from
office without cause and without the affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock
entitled to vote generally in the election of Directors voting together as a
single class; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if the holders of any class or series of
capital stock are entitled by the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
(it being understood that any references to the Certificate of Incorporation
shall include any duly authorized certificate of designation) to elect one or
more Directors, such Director or Directors so elected may be removed without
cause only by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of
that class or series entitled to vote. Any Director may resign at any time upon
written notice to the Corporation.

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         Section 4. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the total number of Directors may be filled only
in the manner provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.

         Section 5. Nominations.

                  (a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the
procedures set forth in these By-laws shall be eligible to serve as Directors.
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation
may be made at a meeting of stockholders (i) by or at the direction of the Board
of Directors, or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a
stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this
By-law, who is entitled to vote generally in the election of Directors at the
meeting and who shall have complied with the notice procedures set forth below
in Section 5(b).

                  (b) In order for a stockholder to nominate a person for
election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at a meeting of
stockholders, such stockholder shall have delivered timely notice of such
stockholder's intent to make such nomination in writing to the secretary of the
Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (i) in
the case of an annual meeting, not less than 60 nor more than 90 days prior to
the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than 30
days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be
so received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the
earlier of the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
public disclosure of the meeting was made, and (ii) in the case of a special
meeting at which Directors are to be elected, not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which notice of the
date of the meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the meeting was made.
Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the
stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a Director at such meeting all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in
solicitations of proxies for election of Directors, or is otherwise required, in
each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including such
person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and
to serving as a Director if elected); (ii) as to the stockholder giving the
notice (A) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of
such stockholder and (B) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which
are beneficially owned by such stockholder and also which are owned of record by
such stockholder; and (iii) as to the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the nomination is made, (A) the name and address of such person and (B) the
class and number of shares of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by
such person. At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by
the Board of Directors for election as a Director shall furnish to the secretary
of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in a stockholder's
notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.

                  (c) No person shall be eligible to serve as a Director of the
Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
section. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
procedures prescribed by this section, and if he should so determine, he shall
so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded. A
stockholder seeking to nominate a person to serve as a Director must also comply
with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, and the rules and
regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section.

         Section 6. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the Board of
Directors shall be held without other notice than this By-law immediately after,
and at the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders.

         Section 7. Other Meetings and Notice. Regular meetings, other than the
annual meeting, of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such
time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of
the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called
by the chairman of the board, the president (if the president is a Director) or,
upon the written request of at least a majority of the Directors then in office,
the secretary of the Corporation on at least 24 hours notice to each Director,
either personally, by telephone, by mail or by telecopy.

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         Section 8. Chairman of the Board, Quorum, Required Vote and
Adjournment. The Board of Directors shall elect, by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the total number of Directors then in office, a chairman of the
board, who shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and Board of
Directors at which he or she is present and shall have such powers and perform
such duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. If the
chairman of the board is not present at a meeting of the stockholders or the
Board of Directors, the president (if the president is a Director and is not
also the chairman of the board) shall preside at such meeting, and, if the
president is not present at such meeting, a majority of the Directors present at
such meeting shall elect one of their members to so preside. A majority of the
total number of Directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business. Unless by express provision of an applicable law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws a different vote is required, the
vote of a majority of Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is
present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be
present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the Directors present thereat
may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

         Section 9. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed
by a majority of the total number of Directors then in office, designate one or
more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the Directors of
the Corporation, which to the extent provided in such resolution or these
By-laws shall have, and may exercise, the powers of the Board of Directors in
the management and affairs of the Corporation, except as otherwise limited by
law. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate
members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at
any meeting of the committee. Such committee or committees shall have such name
or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the
Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings
and report the same to the Board of Directors upon request.

         Section 10. Committee Rules. Each committee of the Board of Directors
may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by
such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the Board of
Directors designating such committee. Unless otherwise provided in such a
resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee
shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. Unless otherwise provided in such a
resolution, in the event that a member and that member's alternate, if
alternates are designated by the Board of Directors, of such committee is or are
absent or disqualified, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and
not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act
at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

         Section 11. Communications Equipment. Members of the Board of Directors
or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board
or committee through the use of a conference telephone or other communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
and speak with each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this
section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

         Section 12. Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent. Any member of
the Board of Directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting
shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when
such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the
meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented
to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of
the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed
with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment
thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the
Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to
dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

         Section 13. Action by Written Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by
the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken
at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be
taken without a meeting if all members of such board or committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.

                                   ARTICLE IV
                                    OFFICERS

         Section 1. Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by
the Board of Directors and shall consist of a chairman of the board, a chief
executive officer, a president, one or more vice-presidents, a secretary, a
chief financial officer and such other officers and assistant officers as may be
deemed necessary or desirable by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices
may be held by the same person, except that neither the chief executive officer


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nor the president shall also hold the office of secretary. In its discretion,
the Board of Directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it
may deem advisable, except that the offices of president and secretary shall be
filled as expeditiously as possible.

         Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation
shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting held
after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as convenient.
Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the
Board of Directors. Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly
elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal
as hereinafter provided.

         Section 3. Removal. Any officer or agent elected by the Board of
Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors at its discretion, but such
removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person
so removed.

         Section 4. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in any office because of
death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise may be filled by the
Board of Directors.

         Section 5. Compensation. Compensation of all executive officers shall
be approved by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be prevented from
receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a Director of the
Corporation; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that compensation of all executive officers may
be determined by a committee established for that purpose if so authorized by
the unanimous vote of the Board of Directors.

         Section 6. Chairman of the Board. The chairman of the board shall
preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed
to him or her by the Board of Directors or provided in these By-laws.

         Section 7. Vice-Chairman of the Board. Whenever the chairman of the
board is unable to serve, by reason of sickness, absence, or otherwise, the
vice-chairman shall have the powers and perform the duties of the chairman of
the board. The vice-chairman shall have such other powers and perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by the chairman of the board, the board of directors
or these By-laws.

         Section 8. Chief Executive Officer. The chief executive officer shall
have the powers and perform the duties incident to that position. Subject to the
powers of the Board of Directors and the chairman of the board, the chief
executive officer shall be in the general and active charge of the entire
business and affairs of the Corporation, and shall be its chief policymaking
officer. The chief executive officer shall have such other powers and perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or provided in
these By-laws. The chief executive officer is authorized to execute bonds,
mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the
Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed
and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of
the Corporation. Whenever the president is unable to serve, by reason of
sickness, absence or otherwise, the chief executive officer shall perform all
the duties and responsibilities and exercise all the powers of the president.

         Section 9. The President. The president of the Corporation shall,
subject to the powers of the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board and
the chief executive officer, have general charge of the business, affairs and
property of the Corporation, and control over its officers, agents and
employees. The president shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board
of Directors are carried into effect. The president is authorized to execute
bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the
Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed
and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of
the Corporation. The president shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as may be prescribed by the chairman of the board, the chief
executive officer, the Board of Directors or as may be provided in these
By-laws.

         Section 10. Vice-Presidents. The vice-president, or if there shall be
more than one, the vice-presidents in the order determined by the Board of
Directors or the chairman of the board, shall, in the absence or disability of
the president, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions
of the president. The vice-presidents shall also perform such other duties and
have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board, the
chief executive officer, the president or these By-laws may, from time to time,
prescribe. The vice-presidents may also be designated as executive
vice-presidents or senior vice-presidents, as the Board of Directors may from
time to time prescribe.

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         Section 11. The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The secretary
shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors, all meetings of the
committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the
proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose or
shall ensure that his or her designee attends each such meeting to act in such
capacity. Under the chairman of the board's supervision, the secretary shall
give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these By-laws or
by law; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of
Directors, the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, the president
or these By-laws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of
the corporate seal of the Corporation. The secretary, or an assistant secretary,
shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it
and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the
signature of such assistant secretary. The Board of Directors may give general
authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to
attest the affixing by his or her signature. The assistant secretary, or if
there be more than one, any of the assistant secretaries, shall in the absence
or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of
the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the Board of Directors, the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer,
the president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

         Section 12. The Chief Financial Officer. The chief financial officer
shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full
and accurate all books and accounts of the Corporation as shall be necessary or
desirable in accordance with applicable law or generally accepted accounting
principles; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and
to the credit of the Corporation as may be ordered by the chairman of the board
or the Board of Directors; shall cause the funds of the Corporation to be
disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper
vouchers for such disbursements; and shall render to the Board of Directors, at
its regular meeting or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of
the Corporation; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of
Directors, the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer, the president
or these By-laws may, from time to time, prescribe. If required by the Board of
Directors, the chief financial officer shall give the Corporation a bond (which
shall be rendered every six years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties
as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance
of the duties of the office of chief financial officer and for the restoration
to the Corporation, in case of death, resignation, retirement or removal from
office of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind
in the possession or under the control of the chief financial officer belonging
to the Corporation.

         Section 13. Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents. Officers,
assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are
provided for in these By-laws, shall have such authority and perform such duties
as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

         Section 14. Absence or Disability of Officers. In the case of the
absence or disability of any officer of the Corporation and of any person hereby
authorized to act in such officer's place during such officer's absence or
disability, the Board of Directors may by resolution delegate the powers and
duties of such officer to any other officer or to any Director, or to any other
person selected by it.

                                    ARTICLE V
                              CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

         Section 1. Form. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be
entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by
the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer or the president and the
secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of
shares owned by such holder in the Corporation. If such a certificate is
countersigned (i) by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent other than
the Corporation or its employee or (ii) by a registrar, other than the
Corporation or its employee, the signature of any such chairman of the board,
chief executive officer, president, secretary or assistant secretary may be
facsimiles. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile
signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates
shall cease to be such officer or officers of the Corporation whether because of
death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have
been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may
nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed
such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures have


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<PAGE>

been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the
Corporation. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or
otherwise identified. The name of the person to whom the shares represented
thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be
entered on the books of the Corporation. Shares of stock of the Corporation
shall only be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the holder of
record thereof or by such holder's attorney duly authorized in writing, upon
surrender to the Corporation of the certificate or certificates for such shares
endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such evidence of the
authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization and other matters as
the Corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock
transfer stamps. In that event, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue
a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate or
certificates and record the transaction on its books. The Board of Directors may
appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or
any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or both in
connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the
Corporation.

         Section 2. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new
certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates previously issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Corporation
may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof,
require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates,
or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to
indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against the
Corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate
or the issuance of such new certificate.

         Section 3. Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings. In order that
the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote
at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days
before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next
day preceding the day on which notice is first given. A determination of
stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

         Section 4. Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes. In order that the
Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders
entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange
of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors
may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which
the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be
not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the
record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the
close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto.

         Section 5. Registered Stockholders. Prior to the surrender to the
Corporation of the certificate or certificates for a share or shares of stock
with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the Corporation
may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to
vote, to receive notifications and otherwise to exercise all the rights and
powers of an owner. The Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

         Section 6. Subscriptions for Stock. Unless otherwise provided for in
the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at
such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by
the Board of Directors. Any call made by the Board of Directors for payment on
subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all
shares of the same series. In case of default in the payment of any installment
or call when such payment is due, the Corporation may proceed to collect the
amount due in the same manner as any debt due the Corporation.

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<PAGE>

                                   ARTICLE VI
                               GENERAL PROVISIONS

         Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if
any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special
meeting, in accordance with applicable law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in
property or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set
aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or
sums as the Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think
proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing
dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or
any other purpose, and the Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in
the manner in which it was created.

         Section 2. Checks, Drafts or Orders. All checks, drafts or other orders
for the payment of money by or to the Corporation and all notes and other
evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed
by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the Corporation, and in such
manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors or a duly
authorized committee thereof.

         Section 3. Contracts. In addition to the powers otherwise granted to
officers pursuant to ARTICLE IV hereof, the Board of Directors may authorize any
officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the Corporation to enter into
any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on
behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to
specific instances.

         Section 4. Loans. The Corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any
obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the
Corporation or of its subsidiaries, including any officer or employee who is a
Director of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of
the Directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to
benefit the Corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or
without interest, and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board
of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of
stock of the Corporation. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to deny, limit
or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the Corporation at common law
or under any statute.

         Section 5. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

         Section 6. Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may provide a
corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware."
The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

         Section 7. Voting Securities Owned By Corporation. Voting securities in
any other Corporation held by the Corporation shall be voted by the chief
executive officer, the president or a vice-president, unless the Board of
Directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which
authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon some other
person or officer. Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power
to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

         Section 8. Inspection of Books and Records. The Board of Directors
shall have power from time to time to determine to what extent and at what times
and places and under what conditions and regulations the accounts and books of
the Corporation, or any of them, shall be open to the inspection of the
stockholders; and no stockholder shall have any right to inspect any account or
book or document of the Corporation, except as conferred by the laws of the
State of Delaware, unless and until authorized so to do by resolution of the
Board of Directors or of the stockholders of the Corporation.

         Section 9. Section Headings. Section headings in these By-laws are for
convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in
limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

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<PAGE>

         Section 10. Inconsistent Provisions. In the event that any provision of
these By-laws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the Certificate
of Incorporation, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any
other applicable law, the provision of these By-laws shall not be given any
effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full
force and effect.

                                   ARTICLE VII
                                   AMENDMENTS

         In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by
statute, the Board of Directors of the Corporation is expressly authorized to
make, alter, amend, change, add to or repeal these By-laws by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the total number of Directors then in office. Any
alteration or repeal of these By-laws by the stockholders of the Corporation
shall require the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of
the Corporation entitled to vote on such alteration or repeal; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that Section 11 of ARTICLE II and Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of ARTICLE III
and this ARTICLE VII of these By-laws shall not be altered, amended or repealed
and no provision inconsistent therewith shall be adopted without the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the
Corporation entitled to vote on such alteration or repeal.


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