# Patent

## Title
Media playback system using standby mode in a mesh network

## Abstract

Embodiments described herein involve mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device that is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media system from a standby mode using a network message. In one embodiment, a media playback device receives a first wake-up packet associated with a MAC address; and in response, exits a standby mode and enters an active mode, and broadcasts a second wake-up packet associated with the MAC address. In another embodiment, a media playback device receives a first wake-up packet associated with a MAC address; and in response, determines whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device; and when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, exits a standby mode and enters an active mode, and broadcasts a second wake-up packet associated with the MAC address.

## Background
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other items directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.
BACKGROUND
Digital music has become readily available due in part to the development of consumer level technology that has allowed people to listen to digital music on a personal audio device. The consumer's increasing preference for digital audio has also resulted in the integration of personal audio devices into PDAs, cellular phones, and other mobile devices. The portability of these mobile devices has enabled people to take the music listening experience with them and outside of the home. People have become able to consume digital music, like digital music files or even Internet radio, in the home through the use of their computer or similar devices. Now there are many different ways to consume digital music, in addition to other digital content including digital video and photos, stimulated in many ways by high-speed Internet access at home, mobile broadband Internet access, and the consumer's hunger for digital media.
Until recently, options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were severely limited. In 2005, Sonos offered for sale its first digital audio system that enabled people to, among many other things, access virtually unlimited sources of audio via one or more networked connected zone players, dynamically group or ungroup zone players upon command, wirelessly send the audio over a local network amongst zone players, and play the digital audio out loud across multiple zone players in synchrony. The Sonos system can be controlled by software applications running on network capable mobile devices and computers.
Given the insatiable appetite of consumers towards digital media, there continues to be a need to develop consumer technology that revolutionizes the way people access and consume digital media.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology may be better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
FIG. 1 shows an example configuration in which certain embodiments may be practiced;
FIG. 2A shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and transducers;
FIG. 2B shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and connected to external speakers;
FIG. 2C shows an illustration of an example zone player connected to an A/V receiver and speakers;
FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an example controller;
FIG. 4 shows an internal functional block diagram of an example zone player;
FIG. 5 shows an internal functional block diagram of an example controller;
FIG. 6 shows an example playback queue configuration for a network media system;
FIG. 7 shows an example ad-hoc playback network;
FIG. 8 shows a system including a plurality of networks including a cloud-based network and at least one local playback network;
FIG. 9 shows an example flow diagram for waking media playback devices from a standby mode in a point-to-point network with a wake-up packet associated with a broadcast destination MAC address;
FIG. 10 shows an example illustration of a wake-up packet associated with a broadcast destination MAC address;
FIG. 11 shows an example flow diagram for putting media playback devices in a standby mode;
FIG. 12 shows an example illustration of a mesh-networked media playback system;
FIG. 13 shows an example flow diagram for waking media playback devices from a standby mode in a point-to-point network with a wake-up packet associated with a unicast destination MAC address;
FIG. 14 shows an example illustration of a wake-up packet associated with a unicast destination MAC address;
FIG. 15 shows an example flow diagram for adding media playback devices to a proxy list.



In addition, the drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I. Overview
Embodiments described herein involve mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device that is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media system from a standby mode using a network message. For example, the network message, referred to hereafter as a “wake-up packet”, may be received by a media playback device, cause the media playback device to exit a standby mode, and then be forwarded by the media playback device to one or more additional media playback devices in the networked media system. In some embodiments, this process is repeated at additional media playback devices in the networked media system so as to cause the additional devices to exit the standby mode. In other embodiments, the wake-up packet may cause only a single media playback device, or a group of media playback devices, to wake-up from the standby mode. The embodiments described herein may thereby provide “wake” functionality for media playback devices in a network.
Wake-on-LAN (WOL) is a computer networking mechanism that allows a device to be turned on or awakened by a network message sent by another device on the same local area network (LAN). The WOL mechanism is known as Wake-on-Wireless (WoW) when the device being awakened is communicating over a wireless medium. As will be appreciated by those having skill in the art, conventional WOL or WoW techniques require that devices within the network be directly reachable by the source of the network message. When devices are configured in an ad-hoc or mesh network such that one or more indirect routes between devices exist within the network, a different mechanism is needed.
In some embodiments, a networked media playback system may be configured in an ad-hoc (or mesh) network, such that each media playback device may participate in network routing with other media playback devices. In some embodiments, the ad-hoc network may be configured as a layer-2 mesh network using a spanning tree protocol (STP) for network routing. The mesh network may comprise both wired and wireless links between devices, whereby one or more point-to-point routes exist between media playback devices. To prevent routing loops, conventional STP protocols generally utilize non-direct routes instead of direct routes to support communication between playback devices. Based on this STP protocol, a networked media playback system may include one or more non-direct routes between media playback devices. For example, a source device that is sending a wake-up packet to media playback device may be prevented from communicating directly with the media playback device because the route between the source device and the media playback device is through another intermediary media playback device. Therefore, to send the wake-up packet to the media playback device, the source device may communicate via a non-direct route through the intermediary media playback device.
Further, as described above, in some embodiments, the one or more media playback devices may include a standby mode. In the standby mode, one or more components of a media playback device may be disabled or put into a sleep mode. For example, one embodiment of standby mode might involve disabling an audio stage of the media playback device. As another example, standby mode might involve putting a wireless network interface into a sleep mode.
In some embodiments, the various device modes may include an active mode. In the active mode, one or more components of a media playback system may be enabled or taken out of a sleep mode. For example, active mode might involve taking a processor out of a sleep mode.
In some embodiments, a wake-up packet may be sent as an IP broadcast message having a payload that may cause a media playback device to wake-up from standby mode. In some embodiments, the payload may include a broadcast destination MAC address. The broadcast destination MAC address may be used to target all devices within the networked media playback system. This mechanism may be used to wake-up multiple devices within the networked media playback system or a subset of devices based on certain conditions. In other embodiments, the payload may include a unicast destination MAC address. This mechanism may be used to wake-up a single media playback device and the media playback devices needed to form a playback path (i.e., a network path or route used to forward audio packets from an audio source to the single media playback device).
As indicated above, the present application involves mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device from a standby mode using a network message known as a wake-up packet, wherein the media playback device is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media playback system. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method involves receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the method further involves exiting, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and entering an active mode, and broadcasting, by the first media playback device a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes a set of instructions for execution by a processor. The set of instructions, when executed, cause a first media playback device to receive, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the set of instructions, when executed, further cause the first media playback device to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode, and enter an active mode; and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In a further aspect, a media playback device is provided. The device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage, and a program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device, while the media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In yet another aspect, a media playback system is provided. The system includes a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The first media playback device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device, while the media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In another aspect, a method is provided in a local area network comprising a plurality of devices, including at least a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The method includes receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the method further includes determining, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the method further includes exiting, by the first media playback device, the standby mode, and entering an active mode, and broadcasting, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the first MAC address.
In a further aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes a set of instructions for execution by a processor. The set of instructions, when executed, cause a first media playback device to receive, by a first media playback device while the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the set of instructions further cause the first media playback device to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the set of instructions further cause the first media playback device to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the first MAC address.
In yet another aspect, a media playback device is provided. The device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage, and a program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC address.
In a further aspect, a media playback system is provided. The system includes a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The first media playback device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC address.
Other embodiments, as those discussed in the following and others as can be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art are also possible.
II. Example Operating Environment
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals can refer to like parts throughout the figures, FIG. 1 shows an example media system configuration 100 in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein can be practiced or implemented.
By way of illustration, the media system configuration 100 is associated with a home having multiple zones, although it should be understood that the home could be configured with only one zone. Additionally, one or more zones can be added to the configuration 100 over time. Each zone may be assigned by a user to a different room or space, such as, for example, an office, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, family room, home theater room, utility or laundry room, and patio. A single zone might also include multiple rooms or spaces if so configured. With respect to FIG. 1, one or more of zone players 102-124 are shown in each respective zone. Zone players 102-124, also referred to herein as playback devices, multimedia units, speakers, players, and so on, provide audio, video, and/or audiovisual output. A controller 130 (e.g., shown in the kitchen for purposes of this illustration) provides control to the media system configuration 100. Controller 130 may be fixed to a zone, or alternatively, mobile such that it can be moved about the zones. The media system configuration 100 may also include more than one controller 130, and additional controllers may be added to the system over time.
The media system configuration 100 illustrates an example whole house media system, though it is understood that the technology described herein is not limited to, among other things, its particular place of application or to an expansive system like a whole house media system 100 of FIG. 1.
a. Example Zone Players
FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C show example types of zone players. Zone players 200, 202, and 204 of FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectively, can correspond to any of the zone players 102-124 of FIG. 1, for example. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using only a single zone player, such as by a full-range player. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using two or more zone players, such as by using a combination of full-range players or a combination of full-range and specialized players. In some embodiments, zone players 200-204 may also be referred to as a “smart speaker,” because they contain processing capabilities beyond the reproduction of audio, more of which is described below.
FIG. 2A illustrates a zone player 200 that includes sound producing equipment 208 capable of reproducing full-range sound. The sound may come from an audio signal that is received and processed by zone player 200 over a wired or wireless data network. Sound producing equipment 208 includes one or more built-in amplifiers and one or more acoustic transducers (e.g., speakers). A built-in amplifier is described more below with respect to FIG. 4. A speaker or acoustic transducer can include, for example, any of a tweeter, a mid-range driver, a low-range driver, and a subwoofer. In some embodiments, zone player 200 can be statically or dynamically configured to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, or both. In some embodiments, zone player 200 may be dynamically configured to reproduce a subset of full-range sound, such as when zone player 200 is grouped with other zone players to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, and/or surround audio or when the media content received by zone player 200 is less than full-range.
FIG. 2B illustrates zone player 202 that includes a built-in amplifier to power a set of detached speakers 210. A detached speaker can include, for example, any type of loudspeaker. Zone player 202 may be configured to power one, two, or more separate loudspeakers. Zone player 202 may be configured to communicate an audio signal (e.g., right and left channel audio or more channels depending on its configuration) to the detached speakers 210 via a wired path.
FIG. 2C illustrates zone player 204 that does not include a built-in amplifier, but is configured to communicate an audio signal, received over a data network, to an audio (or “audio/video”) receiver 214 with built-in amplification.
Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, one, some, or all of the zone players 102 to 124 can retrieve audio directly from a source. For example, a particular zone player in a zone or zone group may be assigned to a playback queue (or “queue”). The playback queue contains information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the associated zone or zone group. The playback queue may be stored in memory on a zone player or some other designated device. Each item contained in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI) or some other identifier that can be used by the zone player(s) to seek out and/or retrieve the audio items from the identified audio source(s). Depending on the item, the audio source might be found on the Internet (e.g., the cloud), locally from another device over the data network 128 (described further below), from the controller 130, stored on the zone player itself, or from an audio source communicating directly to the zone player. In some embodiments, the zone player can reproduce the audio itself (e.g., play the audio), send the audio to another zone player for reproduction, or both where the audio is reproduced by the zone player as well as one or more additional zone players (possibly in synchrony). In some embodiments, the zone player may play a first audio content (or alternatively, may not play the content at all), while sending a second, different audio content to another zone player(s) for reproduction. To the user, each item in a playback queue is represented on an interface of a controller by an element such as a track name, album name, radio station name, playlist, or other some other representation. A user can populate the playback queue with audio items of interest. The user may also modify and clear the playback queue, if so desired.
By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. presently offers for sale zone players referred to as a “PLAY:5,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/or future zone players can additionally or alternatively be used to implement the zone players of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that a zone player is not limited to the particular examples illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C or to the SONOS product offerings. For example, a zone player may include a wired or wireless headphone. In yet another example, a zone player might include a sound bar for television. In yet another example, a zone player may include or interact with a docking station for an Apple iPodTM or similar device.
b. Example Controllers
FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless controller 300 in docking station 302. By way of illustration, controller 300 may correspond to controlling device 130 of FIG. 1. Docking station 302, if provided or used, may provide power to the controller 300 and additionally may charge a battery of controller 300. In some embodiments, controller 300 may be provided with a touch screen 304 that allows a user to interact through touch with the controller 300, for example, to retrieve and navigate a playlist of audio items, modify and/or clear the playback queue of one or more zone players, control other operations of one or more zone players, and provide overall control of the system configuration 100. In other embodiments, other input mechanisms such as voice control may be used to interact with the controller 300. In certain embodiments, any number of controllers can be used to control the system configuration 100. In some embodiments, there may be a limit set on the number of controllers that can control the system configuration 100. The controllers might be wireless like wireless controller 300 or wired to data network 128.
In some embodiments, if more than one controller is used in system 100 of FIG. 1, each controller may be coordinated to display common content, and may all be dynamically updated to indicate changes made to the system 100 from a single controller. Coordination can occur, for instance, by a controller periodically requesting a state variable directly or indirectly from one or more of the zone players; the state variable may provide information about system 100, such as current zone group configuration, what is playing in one or more zones, volume levels, and other items of interest. The state variable may be passed around on data network 128 between zone players (and controllers, if so desired) as needed or as often as programmed.
In addition, an application running on any network-enabled portable device, such as an iPhoneTM, iPadTM, AndroidTM powered phone or tablet, or any other smart phone or network-enabled device can be used as controller 130. An application running on a laptop or desktop personal computer (PC) or MacTM can also be used as controller 130. Such controllers may connect to system 100 through an interface with data network 128, a zone player, a wireless router, or using some other configured connection path. Example controllers offered by Sonos, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. include a “Controller 200,” “SONOS® CONTROL,” “SONOS® Controller for iPhoneTM,” “SONOS® Controller for iPadTM,” “SONOS® Controller for AndroidTM,” “SONOS® Controller for MacTM or PC.”
c. Example Data Connection
Zone players 102-124 of FIG. 1 are coupled directly or indirectly to a data network, such as data network 128. Controller 130 may also be coupled directly or indirectly to data network 128 or individual zone players. Data network 128 is represented by an octagon in the figure to stand out from other representative components. While data network 128 is shown in a single location, it is understood that such a network is distributed in and around system 100. Particularly, data network 128 can be a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination of both wired and wireless networks. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players 102-124 are wirelessly coupled to data network 128 based on a proprietary mesh network. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players are coupled to data network 128 using a centralized access point such as a wired or wireless router. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players 102-124 are coupled via a wire to data network 128 using Ethernet or similar technology. In addition to the one or more zone players 102-124 connecting to data network 128, data network 128 can further allow access to a wide area network, such as the Internet.
In some embodiments, connecting any of the zone players 102-124, or some other connecting device, to a broadband router, can create data network 128. Other zone players 102-124 can then be added wired or wirelessly to the data network 128. For example, a zone player (e.g., any of zone players 102-124) can be added to the system configuration 100 by simply pressing a button on the zone player itself (or perform some other action), which enables a connection to be made to data network 128. The broadband router can be connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), for example. The broadband router can be used to form another data network within the system configuration 100, which can be used in other applications (e.g., web surfing). Data network 128 can also be used in other applications, if so programmed. An example, second network may implement SONOSNETTM protocol, developed by SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara. SONOSNETTM represents a secure, AES-encrypted, peer-to-peer wireless mesh network. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the data network 128 is the same network, such as a traditional wired or wireless network, used for other applications in the household.
d. Example Zone Configurations
A particular zone can contain one or more zone players. For example, the family room of FIG. 1 contains two zone players 106 and 108, while the kitchen is shown with one zone player 102. In another example, the home theater room contains additional zone players to play audio from a 5.1 channel or greater audio source (e.g., a movie encoded with 5.1 or greater audio channels). In some embodiments, one can position a zone player in a room or space and assign the zone player to a new or existing zone via controller 130. As such, zones may be created, combined with another zone, removed, and given a specific name (e.g., “Kitchen”), if so desired and programmed to do so with controller 130. Moreover, in some embodiments, zone configurations may be dynamically changed even after being configured using controller 130 or some other mechanism.
In some embodiments, a “bonded zone” contains two or more zone players, such as the two zone players 106 and 108 in the family room whereby the two zone players 106 and 108 can be configured to play the same audio source in synchrony. In one example, the two zone players 106 and 108 can be paired to play two separate sounds in left and right channels, for example. In other words, the stereo effects of a sound can be reproduced or enhanced through the two zone players 106 and 108, one for the left sound and the other for the right sound. In another example two or more zone players can be sonically consolidated to form a single, consolidated zone player. A consolidated zone player (though made up of multiple, separate devices) can be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unconsolidated zone player or zone players that are paired, because a consolidated zone player has additional speaker drivers from which sound can be passed. The consolidated zone player can further be paired with a single zone player or yet another consolidated zone player. Each playback device of a consolidated playback device can be set in a consolidated mode, for example.
In certain embodiments, paired or consolidated zone players (also referred to as “bonded zone players”) can play audio in synchrony with other zone players in the same or different zones.
According to some embodiments, one can continue to do any of: group, consolidate, and pair zone players, for example, until a desired configuration is complete. The actions of grouping, consolidation, and pairing are preferably performed through a control interface, such as using controller 130, and not by physically connecting and re-connecting speaker wire, for example, to individual, discrete speakers to create different configurations. As such, certain embodiments described herein provide a more flexible and dynamic platform through which sound reproduction can be offered to the end-user.
e. Example Audio Sources
In some embodiments, each zone can play from the same audio source as another zone or each zone can play from a different audio source. For example, someone can be grilling on the patio and listening to jazz music via zone player 124, while someone is preparing food in the kitchen and listening to classical music via zone player 102. Further, someone can be in the office listening to the same jazz music via zone player 110 that is playing on the patio via zone player 124. In some embodiments, the jazz music played via zone players 110 and 124 is played in synchrony. Synchronizing playback amongst zones allows for an individual to pass through zones while seamlessly (or substantially seamlessly) listening to the audio. Further, zones can be put into a “party mode” such that all associated zones will play audio in synchrony.
Sources of audio content to be played by zone players 102-124 are numerous. In some embodiments, audio on a zone player itself may be accessed and played. In some embodiments, audio on a controller may be accessed via the data network 128 and played. In some embodiments, music from a personal library stored on a computer or networked-attached storage (NAS) may be accessed via the data network 128 and played. In some embodiments, Internet radio stations, shows, and podcasts may be accessed via the data network 128 and played. Music or cloud services that let a user stream and/or download music and audio content may be accessed via the data network 128 and played. Further, music may be obtained from traditional sources, such as a turntable or CD player, via a line-in connection to a zone player, for example. Audio content may also be accessed using a different protocol, such as AirplayTM, which is a wireless technology by Apple, Inc., for example. Audio content received from one or more sources can be shared amongst the zone players 102 to 124 via data network 128 and/or controller 130. The above-disclosed sources of audio content are referred to herein as network-based audio information sources. However, network-based audio information sources are not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, the example home theater zone players 116, 118, 120 are coupled to an audio information source such as a television 132. In some examples, the television 132 is used as a source of audio for the home theater zone players 116, 118, 120, while in other examples audio information from the television 132 may be shared with any of the zone players 102-124 in the audio system 100.
III. Example Zone Players
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown an example block diagram of a zone player 400 in accordance with an embodiment. Zone player 400 includes a network interface 402, a processor 408, a memory 410, one or more device modules 414, an audio stage 424, including an audio processing component 412 and an audio amplifier 416, and a speaker unit 418 coupled to the audio amplifier 416. FIG. 2A shows an example illustration of such a zone player. Other types of zone players may not include the speaker unit 418 (e.g., such as shown in FIG. 2B) or the audio amplifier 416 (e.g., such as shown in FIG. 2C). Further, it is contemplated that the zone player 400 can be integrated into another component. For example, the zone player 400 could be constructed as part of a television, lighting, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.
In some embodiments, network interface 402 facilitates a data flow between zone player 400 and other devices on a data network 128. In some embodiments, in addition to getting audio from another zone player or device on data network 128, zone player 400 may access audio directly from the audio source, such as over a wide area network or on the local network. In some embodiments, the network interface 402 can further handle the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination or intercepts packets destined for the zone player 400. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, each of the packets includes an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address as well as an IP-based destination address.
In some embodiments, network interface 402 can include one or both of a wireless interface 404 and a wired interface 406. The wireless interface 404, also referred to as a radio frequency (RF) interface, provides network interface functions for the zone player 400 to wirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other zone player(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), component(s) associated with the data network 128, and so on) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standard including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Wireless interface 404 may include one or more radios. To receive wireless signals and to provide the wireless signals to the wireless interface 404 and to transmit wireless signals, the zone player 400 includes one or more antennas 420. The wired interface 406 provides network interface functions for the zone player 400 to communicate over a wire with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). In some embodiments, a zone player includes multiple wireless 404 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone player includes multiple wired 406 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone player includes both of the interfaces 404 and 406. In some embodiments, a zone player 400 includes only the wireless interface 404 or the wired interface 406.
In some embodiments, the processor 408 is a clock-driven electronic device that is configured to process input data according to instructions stored in memory 410. The memory 410 is data storage that can be loaded with one or more software module(s) 414, which can be executed by the processor 408 to achieve certain tasks. In the illustrated embodiment, the memory 410 is a tangible machine-readable medium storing instructions that can be executed by the processor 408. In some embodiments, a task might be for the zone player 400 to retrieve audio data from another zone player or a device on a network (e.g., using a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier). In some embodiments, a task may be for the zone player 400 to send audio data to another zone player or device on a network. In some embodiments, a task may be for the zone player 400 to synchronize playback of audio with one or more additional zone players. In some embodiments, a task may be to pair the zone player 400 with one or more zone players to create a multi-channel audio environment. Additional or alternative tasks can be achieved via the one or more software module(s) 414 and the processor 408.
The audio stage is a system for producing processed amplified analog audio signals for playback through speakers. The audio stage 424 can include an audio processing component 412 and an audio amplifier 416, or it may include only one of these components.
The audio processing component 412 can include one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, an audio enhancement component or a digital signal processor, and so on. In some embodiments, the audio processing component 412 may be part of processor 408. In some embodiments, the audio that is retrieved via the network interface 402 is processed and/or intentionally altered by the audio processing component 412. Further, the audio processing component 412 can produce analog audio signals. The processed analog audio signals are then provided to the audio amplifier 416 for playback through speakers 418. In addition, the audio processing component 412 can include circuitry to process analog or digital signals as inputs to play from zone player 400, send to another zone player on a network, or both play and send to another zone player on the network. An example input includes a line-in connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection).
The audio amplifier 416 is a device(s) that amplifies audio signals to a level for driving one or more speakers 418. The one or more speakers 418 can include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a complete speaker system that includes an enclosure including one or more drivers. A particular driver can be a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and a tweeter (e.g., for high frequencies), for example. An enclosure can be sealed or ported, for example. Each transducer may be driven by its own individual amplifier.
Further, in some instances, zone player 400 may be a powered by a direct current (DC) power supply, e.g., a battery 426. Yet further, power indicator 422 may identify the level of power in battery 426 of zone player 400. Based on the level of power in battery 426, controller 500 may adjust the payload of the wake-up packet to wake-up a different subset of zone players 400 to conserve the power remaining in battery 426.
A commercial example, presently known as the PLAY:5TM, is a zone player with a built-in amplifier and speakers that is capable of retrieving audio directly from the source, such as on the Internet or on the local network, for example. In particular, the PLAY:5TM is a five-amp, five-driver speaker system that includes two tweeters, two mid-range drivers, and one woofer. When playing audio content via the PLAY:5, the left audio data of a track is sent out of the left tweeter and left mid-range driver, the right audio data of a track is sent out of the right tweeter and the right mid-range driver, and mono bass is sent out of the subwoofer. Further, both mid-range drivers and both tweeters have the same equalization (or substantially the same equalization). That is, they are both sent the same frequencies but from different channels of audio. Audio from Internet radio stations, online music and video services, downloaded music, analog audio inputs, television, DVD, and so on, can be played from the PLAY:5TM.
IV. Example Controller
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown an example block diagram for controller 500, which can correspond to the controlling device 130 in FIG. 1. Controller 500 can be used to facilitate the control of multi-media applications, automation and others in a system. In particular, the controller 500 may be configured to facilitate a selection of a plurality of audio sources available on the network and enable control of one or more zone players (e.g., the zone players 102-124 in FIG. 1) through a wireless or wired network interface 508. According to one embodiment, the wireless communications is based on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Further, when a particular audio is being accessed via the controller 500 or being played via a zone player, a picture (e.g., album art) or any other data, associated with the audio and/or audio source can be transmitted from a zone player or other electronic device to controller 500 for display.
Controller 500 is provided with a screen 502 and an input interface 514 that allows a user to interact with the controller 500, for example, to navigate a playlist of many multimedia items and to control operations of one or more zone players. The screen 502 on the controller 500 can be an LCD screen, for example. The screen 500 communicates with and is commanded by a screen driver 504 that is controlled by a microcontroller (e.g., a processor) 506. The memory 510 can be loaded with one or more application modules 512 that can be executed by the microcontroller 506 with or without a user input via the user interface 514 to achieve certain tasks. In some embodiments, an application module 512 is configured to facilitate grouping a number of selected zone players into a zone group to facilitate synchronized playback amongst the zone players in the zone group. In some embodiments, an application module 512 is configured to control the audio sounds (e.g., volume) of the zone players in a zone group. In operation, when the microcontroller 506 executes one or more of the application modules 512, the screen driver 504 generates control signals to drive the screen 502 to display an application specific user interface accordingly.
The controller 500 includes a network interface 508 that facilitates wired or wireless communication with a zone player. In some embodiments, the commands such as volume control and audio playback synchronization are sent via the network interface 508. In some embodiments, a saved zone group configuration is transmitted between a zone player and a controller via the network interface 508. The controller 500 can control one or more zone players, such as 102-124 of FIG. 1. There can be more than one controller for a particular system, and each controller may share common information with another controller, or retrieve the common information from a zone player, if such a zone player stores configuration data (e.g., such as a state variable). Further, a controller can be integrated into a zone player.
It should be noted that other network-enabled devices such as an iPhoneTM, iPadTM or any other smart phone or network-enabled device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or MacTM) can also be used as a controller to interact or control zone players in a particular environment. In some embodiments, a software application or upgrade can be downloaded onto a network-enabled device to perform the functions described herein.
In certain embodiments, a user can create a zone group (also referred to as a bonded zone) including at least two zone players from the controller 500. The zone players in the zone group can play audio in a synchronized fashion, such that all of the zone players in the zone group playback an identical audio source or a list of identical audio sources in a synchronized manner such that no (or substantially no) audible delays or hiccups are to be heard. Similarly, in some embodiments, when a user increases the audio volume of the group from the controller 500, the signals or data of increasing the audio volume for the group are sent to one of the zone players and causes other zone players in the group to be increased together in volume.
A user via the controller 500 can group zone players into a zone group by activating a “Link Zones” or “Add Zone” soft button, or de-grouping a zone group by activating an “Unlink Zones” or “Drop Zone” button. For example, one mechanism for ‘joining’ zone players together for audio playback is to link a number of zone players together to form a group. To link a number of zone players together, a user can manually link each zone player or room one after the other. For example, assume that there is a multi-zone system that includes the following zones: Bathroom, Bedroom, Den, Dining Room, Family Room, and Foyer. In certain embodiments, a user can link any number of the six zone players, for example, by starting with a single zone and then manually linking each zone to that zone.
In certain embodiments, a set of zones can be dynamically linked together using a command to create a zone scene or theme (subsequent to first creating the zone scene). For instance, a “Morning” zone scene command can link the Bedroom, Office, and Kitchen zones together in one action. Without this single command, the user would manually and individually link each zone. The single command may include a mouse click, a double mouse click, a button press, a gesture, or some other programmed or learned action. Other kinds of zone scenes can be programmed or learned by the system over time.
In certain embodiments, a zone scene can be triggered based on time (e.g., an alarm clock function). For instance, a zone scene can be set to apply at 8:00 am. The system can link appropriate zones automatically, set specific music to play, and then stop the music after a defined duration and revert the zones to their prior configuration. Although any particular zone can be triggered to an “On” or “Off” state based on time, for example, a zone scene enables any zone(s) linked to the scene to play a predefined audio (e.g., a favorable song, a predefined playlist) at a specific time and/or for a specific duration. If, for any reason, the scheduled music failed to be played (e.g., an empty playlist, no connection to a share, failed Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), no Internet connection for an Internet Radio station, and so on), a backup buzzer can be programmed to sound. The buzzer can include a sound file that is stored in a zone player, for example.
V. Playback Queue
As discussed above, in some embodiments, a zone player may be assigned to a playback queue identifying zero or more media items for playback by the zone player. The media items identified in a playback queue may be represented to the user via an interface on a controller. For instance, the representation may show the user (or users if more than one controller is connected to the system) how the zone player is traversing the playback queue, such as by highlighting the “now playing” item, graying out the previously played item(s), highlighting the to-be-played item(s), and so on.
In some embodiments, a single zone player is assigned to a playback queue. For example, zone player 114 in the bathroom of FIG. 1 may be linked or assigned to a “Bathroom” playback queue. In an embodiment, the “Bathroom” playback queue might have been established by the system as a result of the user naming the zone player 114 to the bathroom. As such, contents populated and identified in the “Bathroom” playback queue can be played via the zone player 114 (the bathroom zone).
In some embodiments, a zone or zone group is assigned to a playback queue. For example, zone players 106 and 108 in the family room of FIG. 1 may be linked or assigned to a “Family room” playback queue. In another example, if family room and dining room zones were grouped, then the new group would be linked or assigned to a family room+dining room playback queue. In some embodiments, the family room+dining room playback queue would be established based upon the creation of the group. In some embodiments, upon establishment of the new group, the family room+dining room playback queue can automatically include the contents of one (or both) of the playback queues associated with either the family room or dining room or both. In one instance, if the user started with the family room and added the dining room, then the contents of the family room playback queue would become the contents of the family room+dining room playback queue. In another instance, if the user started with the family room and added the dining room, then the family room playback queue would be renamed to the family room+dining room playback queue. If the new group was “ungrouped,” then the family room+dining room playback queue may be removed from the system and/or renamed to one of the zones (e.g., renamed to “family room” or “dining room”). After ungrouping, each of the family room and the dining room may be assigned to a separate playback queue. One or more of the zone players in the zone or zone group may store in memory the associated playback queue.
As such, when zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped” dynamically by the user via a controller, the system will, in some embodiments, establish or remove/rename playback queues respectively, as each zone or zone group is to be assigned to a playback queue. In other words, the playback queue operates as a container that can be populated with media items for playback by the assigned zone. In some embodiments, the media items identified in a playback queue can be manipulated (e.g., re-arranged, added to, deleted from, and so on).
By way of illustration, FIG. 6 shows an example network 600 for media content playback. As shown, the example network 600 includes example zone players 612 and 614, example audio sources 662 and 664, and example media items 620. The example media items 620 may include playlist 622, music track 624, favorite Internet radio station 626, playlists 628 and 630, and album 632. In one embodiment, the zone players 612 and 614 may be any of the zone players shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4. For instance, zone players 612 and 614 may be the zone players 106 and 108 in the Family Room.
In one example, the example audio sources 662 and 664, and example media items 620 may be partially stored on a cloud network, discussed more below in connection to FIG. 8. In some cases, the portions of the audio sources 662, 664, and example media items 620 may be stored locally on one or both of the zone players 612 and 614. In one embodiment, playlist 622, favorite Internet radio station 626, and playlist 630 may be stored locally, and music track 624, playlist 628, and album 632 may be stored on the cloud network.
Each of the example media items 620 may be a list of media items playable by a zone player(s). In one embodiment, the example media items may be a collection of links or pointers (i.e., URI) to the underlying data for media items that are stored elsewhere, such as the audio sources 662 and 664. In another embodiment, the media items may include pointers to media content stored on the local zone player, another zone player over a local network, or a controller device connected to the local network.
As shown, the example network 600 may also include an example queue 602 associated with the zone player 612, and an example queue 604 associated with the zone player 614. Queue 606 may be associated with a group, when in existence, comprising zone players 612 and 614. Queue 606 might comprise a new queue or exist as a renamed version of queue 602 or 604. In some embodiments, in a group, the zone players 612 and 614 would be assigned to queue 606 and queue 602 and 604 would not be available at that time. In some embodiments, when the group is no longer in existence, queue 606 is no longer available. Each zone player and each combination of zone players in a network of zone players, such as those shown in FIG. 1 or that of example zone players 612, 614, and example combination 616, may be uniquely assigned to a corresponding playback queue.
A playback queue, such as playback queues 602-606, may include identification of media content to be played by the corresponding zone player or combination of zone players. As such, media items added to the playback queue are to be played by the corresponding zone player or combination of zone players. The zone player may be configured to play items in the queue according to a specific order (such as an order in which the items were added), in a random order, or in some other order.
The playback queue may include a combination of playlists and other media items added to the queue. In one embodiment, the items in playback queue 602 to be played by the zone player 612 may include items from the audio sources 662, 664, or any of the media items 622-632. The playback queue 602 may also include items stored locally on the zone player 612, or items accessible from the zone player 614. For instance, the playback queue 602 may include Internet radio 626 and album 632 items from audio source 662, and items stored on the zone player 612.
When a media item is added to the queue via an interface of a controller, a link to the item may be added to the queue. In a case of adding a playlist to the queue, links to the media items in the playlist may be provided to the queue. For example, the playback queue 602 may include pointers from the Internet radio 626 and album 632, pointers to items on the audio source 662, and pointers to items on the zone player 612. In another case, a link to the playlist, for example, rather than a link to the media items in the playlist may be provided to the queue, and the zone player or combination of zone players may play the media items in the playlist by accessing the media items via the playlist. For example, the album 632 may include pointers to items stored on audio source 662. Rather than adding links to the items on audio source 662, a link to the album 632 may be added to the playback queue 602, such that the zone player 612 may play the items on the audio source 662 by accessing the items via pointers in the album 632.
In some cases, contents as they exist at a point in time within a playback queue may be stored as a playlist, and subsequently added to the same queue later or added to another queue. For example, contents of the playback queue 602, at a particular point in time, may be saved as a playlist, stored locally on the zone player 612 and/or on the cloud network. The saved playlist may then be added to playback queue 604 to be played by zone player 614.
VI. Example Ad-Hoc Network
Particular examples are now provided in connection with FIG. 7 to describe, for purposes of illustration, certain embodiments to provide and facilitate connection to a playback network. FIG. 7 shows that there are three zone players 702, 704 and 706 and a controller 708 that form a network branch that is also referred to as an Ad-Hoc network 710. The network 710 may be wireless, wired, or a combination of wired and wireless technologies. In general, an Ad-Hoc (or “spontaneous”) network is a local area network or other small network in which there is generally no one access point for all traffic. With an established Ad-Hoc network 710, the devices 702, 704, 706 and 708 can all communicate with each other in a “peer-to-peer” style of communication, for example. Furthermore, devices may join and/or leave from the network 710, and the network 710 will automatically reconfigure itself without needing the user to reconfigure the network 710. While an Ad-Hoc network is referenced in FIG. 7, it is understood that a playback network may be based on a type of network that is completely or partially different from an Ad-Hoc network.
Using the Ad-Hoc network 710, the devices 702, 704, 706, and 708 can share or exchange one or more audio sources and be dynamically grouped (or ungrouped) to play the same or different audio sources. For example, the devices 702 and 704 are grouped to playback one piece of music, and at the same time, the device 706 plays back another piece of music. In other words, the devices 702, 704, 706 and 708, as shown in FIG. 7, form a HOUSEHOLD that distributes audio and/or reproduces sound. As used herein, the term HOUSEHOLD (provided in uppercase letters to disambiguate from the user's domicile) is used to represent a collection of networked devices that are cooperating to provide an application or service. An instance of a HOUSEHOLD is identified with a household 710 (or household identifier), though a HOUSEHOLD may be identified with a different area or place.
In certain embodiments, a household identifier (HHID) is a short string or an identifier that is computer-generated to help ensure that it is unique. Accordingly, the network 710 can be characterized by a unique HHID and a unique set of configuration variables or parameters, such as channels (e.g., respective frequency bands), service set identifier (SSID) (a sequence of alphanumeric characters as a name of a wireless network), and WEP keys (wired equivalent privacy) or other security keys. In certain embodiments, SSID is set to be the same as HHID.
In certain embodiments, each HOUSEHOLD includes two types of network nodes: a control point (CP) and a zone player (ZP). The control point controls an overall network setup process and sequencing, including an automatic generation of required network parameters (e.g., security keys). In an embodiment, the CP also provides the user with a HOUSEHOLD configuration user interface. The CP function can be provided by a computer running a CP application module, or by a handheld controller (e.g., the controller 308) also running a CP application module, for example. The zone player is any other device on the network that is placed to participate in the automatic configuration process. The ZP, as a notation used herein, includes the controller 308 or a computing device, for example. In some embodiments, the functionality, or certain parts of the functionality, in both the CP and the ZP are combined at a single node (e.g., a ZP contains a CP or vice-versa).
In certain embodiments, configuration of a HOUSEHOLD involves multiple CPs and ZPs that rendezvous and establish a known configuration such that they can use a standard networking protocol (e.g., IP over Wired or Wireless Ethernet) for communication. In an embodiment, two types of networks/protocols are employed: Ethernet 802.3 and Wireless 802.11g. Interconnections between a CP and a ZP can use either of the networks/protocols. A device in the system as a member of a HOUSEHOLD can connect to both networks simultaneously.
In an environment that has both networks in use, it is assumed that at least one device in a system is connected to both as a bridging device, thus providing bridging services between wired/wireless networks for others. The zone player 706 in FIG. 7 is shown to be connected to both networks, for example. The connectivity to the network 712 is based on Ethernet and/or Wireless, while the connectivity to other devices 702, 704 and 708 is based on Wireless and Ethernet if so desired.
It is understood, however, that in some embodiments each zone player 706, 704, 702 may access the Internet when retrieving media from the cloud (e.g., the Internet) via the bridging device. For example, zone player 702 may contain a uniform resource locator (URL) that specifies an address to a particular audio track in the cloud. Using the URL, the zone player 702 may retrieve the audio track from the cloud, and ultimately play the audio out of one or more zone players.
VII. Another Example System Configuration
FIG. 8 shows a system 800 including a plurality of interconnected networks including a cloud-based network and at least one local playback network. A local playback network includes a plurality of playback devices or players, though it is understood that the playback network may contain only one playback device. In certain embodiments, each player has an ability to retrieve its content for playback. Control and content retrieval can be distributed or centralized, for example. Input can include streaming content provider input, third party application input, mobile device input, user input, and/or other playback network input into the cloud for local distribution and playback.
As illustrated by the example system 800 of FIG. 8, a plurality of content providers 820-850 can be connected to one or more local playback networks 860-870 via a cloud and/or other network 810. Using the cloud 810, a multimedia audio system server 820 (e.g., SonosTM), a mobile device 830, a third party application 840, a content provider 850 and so on can provide multimedia content (requested or otherwise) to local playback networks 860, 870. Within each local playback network 860, 870, a controller 862, 872 and a playback device 864, 874 can be used to playback audio content.
VIII. Example First Method for Media Playback Device Wake-Up
As discussed above, embodiments described herein may involve mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device that is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media playback system from a standby mode using a network message known as a wake-up packet. Further, as noted above, the wake-up packet may have various payloads depending on the media playback devices that are targeted by the wake-up packet. In some embodiments, the wake-up packet may have a broadcast destination address in the payload. These embodiments may be used to wake multiple media playback devices within the networked media playback system, or they may be used to wake a subset of media playback devices according to certain conditions.
FIG. 9 shows an example flow diagram for waking media playback devices from standby mode using a wake-up packet including a broadcast destination MAC address, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. Method 900 shown in FIG. 9 presents an embodiment of a method that could be used in the environments 100, 600, 700, 800, or 1200 with the systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500 for example. FIG. 11 shows an example flow diagram presenting method 1100 for putting media playback devices into standby mode that may, in some embodiments, be used in conjunction with method 900 in the environments 100, 600, 700, 800, or 1200 with the systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500 for example. For example, each of bocks 1102-1106 may be carried out before, after, or concurrently with each of blocks 902-906.
In some embodiments, two or more media playback devices may be interconnected in a network to form a media playback system. FIG. 12 shows example media playback devices and example controllers as part of a networked media playback system. As described above, in some embodiments, a networked media playback system may be configured in an ad-hoc (or mesh) network, such that each media playback device may participate in network routing with other media playback devices. The networked media playback system 1200 includes example media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214. The networked media playback system also includes example controllers 1216 and 1218 connected to wireless router 1204. The media playback devices 1206-1214 and the controllers 1216-1218 form a mesh network. The mesh network comprises point-to-point paths 1220-1228 between devices (i.e., the media playback devices and the wireless router). Relative to the controllers 1216 and 1218, only media playback device 1206 has a direct route to the controllers because the wireless router broadcasts packets over its wired and wireless interfaces. Media playback devices 1208-1214 are connected to the controllers indirectly through at least one other media playback device (i.e., media playback device 1206).
As a general matter, each of blocks 902-906 and 1102-1106 may be carried out by one or more media playback devices. Media playback devices may include any one or more of zone players 102-124 of FIG. 1. Further, media playback devices may include any one or more of zone players 200, 202, and 204 of FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectfully. Yet further, media playback devices may include any one or more of zone player 400 of FIG. 4 and zone players 612 and 614 of FIG. 6. In addition, media playback devices may also include any one or more of zone players 702-706 of FIG. 7 and/or playback devices 864 and 874 of FIG. 8. Further, media playback devices may include media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, or 1214 of FIG. 12. Other possibilities may also exist. It should be understood that media playback devices may be described herein as a “first media playback device”, a “second media playback device”, “at least one additional media playback device”, and/or “a third media playback device” to distinguish one playback device from another.
Methods 900 and 1100 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 902-906 and 1102-1106. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.
In addition, for the methods 900, 1100, and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. In addition, for the method 900 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, each block in FIG. 9 may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.
a. Receiving, while the First Media Playback Device is in a Standby Mode, a First Wake-Up Packet
At block 902, the method 900 may involve receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. As described above, the first media playback device may have a network interface. For example, a first media playback device might be a first zone player 400 of FIG. 4 that has a network interface 402. The first zone player 400 may receive a wake-up packet over wireless network interface 404 or wired network interface 406. In some embodiments, the wake-up packet may be received over either wireless network interface 404 or wired network interface 406. In other embodiments, the wake-up packet may be received over both wireless network interface 404 and wired network interface 406.
The first wake-up packet includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. Consider FIG. 10 showing an example wake-up packet 1002 having control information 1004, a payload 1006, and a MAC address 1008 associated with the payload 1006. For example, first wake-up packet 1002 may include first payload 1006 associated with media access control (MAC) address 1008. The first wake-up packet 1002 may be a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network, such as network 600 or Ad-Hoc network 700.
MAC address 1008 may be a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for network communications. For example, wireless network interface 404 may have a unique MAC address to identify the wireless network interface 404 on network 710, 712, 850, or 860. The MAC address may conform to the IEEE 802 standard format having a 48-bit address space.
The first payload 1006 may be associated with media access control (MAC) address 1008. The first payload 1006 may include sixteen repetitions of a MAC address 1008. Sixteen repetitions of a MAC address 1008 may be recognized by the first media playback device as a signal to enter or exit a device mode, such as a standby mode. In some embodiments, MAC address 1008 might be the broadcast destination address. In some embodiments, the broadcast destination address may be the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, otherwise known as the “all F” address.
The control information 1004 may include, along with other information, a destination address. In some embodiments, the destination address will be the broadcast destination address. In some embodiments, the broadcast destination address may be the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, otherwise known as the “all F” address.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, a second media playback device may receive, by the second media playback device while the second media playback device is in standby mode, a second wake-up packet. For example, media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12 may receive a first wake-up packet 1002 and media playback device 1208 may receive a second wake-up packet 1002. In some embodiments, multiple media playback devices may receive additional wake-up packets 1002. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may receive a wake-up packet.
The first wake-up packet 1002 may be sent from any device within the network 710, 712, 850, or 860. For example, the first wake-up packet 1002 may be sent from controller 500 using network interface 508 when a user initiates the playback of an audio track using input interface 514. Or, the wake-up packet 1002 may be sent from an additional zone player 400 using network interface 402. Alternatively, the first wake-up packet 1002 may originate at a controller 500 and be routed through one or more additional intermediary zone players 400 before being received by the first zone player 400. For example, the first wake-up packet may originate at controller 1216 or 1218 and be routed through intermediary media playback device 1206 before being received by media playback device 1208. In some embodiments, the first wake-up packet may originate at a wireless media playback device, such as media playback device 1206.
In method 900, the first media playback device may be configured to be initially in a standby mode, e.g., before executing block 902 in method 900. For example, the first zone player 400 may be configured to be in standby mode. For example, media playback device 1206 may be in a standby mode. Standby mode may involve disabling one or more components of the media playback device. Further, standby mode may involve putting one or more components in a sleep mode, a standby mode, or the like. In some embodiments, standby mode may involve disabling one or more audio playback components. Standby mode may reduce overall power consumption by the first media playback device as compared to other device modes.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, the second media playback device may be configured to be initially in a standby mode. For example, the first media playback device 1206 may be may be configured to be initially in a standby mode and the second media playback device 1208 may be configured to be initially in a standby mode.
In further embodiments, standby mode may involve one or more of the following: disabling an audio playback stage of the first media playback device; enabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; or enabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device. For example, standby mode for zone player 400 might involve disabling audio stage 424 or components thereof, such as audio processing component 412 or audio amplifier 416. Standby mode for zone player 400 might additionally or alternatively involve enabling a sleep mode for processor 408 or network interface 402. Sleep mode for processor 408 may be, for example, a device mode in which the processor does not execute instructions. Sleep mode for network interface 402 may be, for example, a device mode in which the network interface is not actively communicating, but instead periodically checking for an incoming message, such as a wake-up packet 1002. The examples described above are provided to illustrate possible embodiments of standby mode. Other embodiments not described here are contemplated.
b. Exiting the Standby Mode and Entering an Active Mode
At block 904, method 900 may involve the first media playback device responding to receiving the first wake-up packet by exiting the standby mode and entering an active mode. For example, the first zone player 400 may respond to receiving the first wake-up packet by exiting the standby mode and enter the active mode. For example, media playback device 1206 may respond to receiving the first wake-up packet by exiting the standby mode and entering the active mode. Active mode may involve enabling one or more components of the media playback device. Further, active mode may involve taking one or more components out of a sleep mode, a standby mode, or the like. In some embodiments, active mode may involve enabling one or more audio playback components.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, the second media playback device may respond to receiving the first wake-up packet by exiting the standby mode and entering the active mode.
In some embodiments, active mode may involve one or more of the following: enabling an audio playback stage of the first media playback device; disabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; or disabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device. For example, active mode for zone player 400 might involve enabling audio stage 424 or components thereof, such as audio processing component 412 or audio amplifier 416. Additionally or alternatively, active mode for zone player 400 might involve disabling a sleep mode for processor 408 or network interface 402. Active mode might also be referred to as the normal operating mode for the first media playback device. In some embodiments, the first media playback device may consume more power in active mode as compared with at least one other device mode, such as standby mode.
c. Broadcasting a Second Wake-Up Packet that Includes a Second Payload that is Associated with the MAC Broadcast Address
At block 906, method 900 may involve the first media playback device responding to receiving the first wake-up packet by broadcasting a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address. In some embodiments, broadcasting the second wake-up packet will involve creating a second wake-up packet and transmitting the second wake-up packet on a network interface. For example, the first zone player 400 may create a second wake-up packet 1002 and transmit the second wake-up packet 1002 on network interface 402 using either wireless network interface 404 or wired interface 406. The second wake-up packet 1002 may include the broadcast address as the destination address in the control information 1004. Moreover, the second wake-up packet 1002 may include a second payload 1006 that includes the broadcast destination address. In some embodiments, the second payload 1006 may have sixteen repetitions of the broadcast destination address. However, the second payload 1006 may have other data in addition to the broadcast destination address or repetitions thereof.
As another example, media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12 may receive a first wake-up packet 1002, exit the standby mode, and broadcast a second wake-up packet 1002. When the first media playback device 1206 is part of a media playback system 1200, the second wake-up packet 1002 may be received by one or more additional media playback devices. For example, after media playback device 1206 broadcasts the second wake-up packet 1002, media playback device 1208, may receive the second wake-up packet 1002. In response to receiving the second wake-up packet 1002, media playback device 1208 may exit standby mode and enter active mode, and broadcast a third wake-up packet 1002. The third wake-up packet 1002 may include a third payload 1006 that is associated with the MAC broadcast address 1008.
The method 900 may be repeated at additional media playback devices within the media playback system until so as to cause additional media playback devices in the system to be woken up. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may receive a wake-up packet, exit standby mode and enter active mode, and broadcast a wake-up packet.
Further, in some embodiments, the second payload 1006 included in the second wake-up packet 1002 may be the same payload 1006 as the first payload included in the first wake-up packet 1002. For example, the first zone player 400 may copy the first payload 1006 from the first wake-up packet 1002 to the second wake-up packet 1002. Or, the first zone player 400 may translate the information in the first payload 1006 from the first wake-up packet 1002 to the second payload 1006 in the second wake-up packet 1002.
Further, in some embodiments, additional functions may be carried out in addition to method 900. These functions may involve the first media playback device, after broadcasting the second wake-up packet, exiting the active mode, and entering the standby mode. For example, the first zone player 400, after broadcasting second wake-up packet 1102 on network interface 402, may exit the active mode and enter the standby mode. Yet, further, in some embodiments, the first media playback device exits the active mode and enters the standby mode when certain conditions are met.
Consider method 1100 including blocks 1102, 1104, and 1106, any or all of which may be used in conjunction with method 900 such that blocks 1102-1106 occur before, after, or concurrently with any of blocks 902-906. For example, at block 1102 in FIG. 11, the first media playback device, after broadcasting the second wake-up packet, determines whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device. Playback packets may be network packets containing audio signal data for playback on one or more audio playback devices in their payload. For example, the first zone player 400 may determine whether it is forwarding playback packets on network interface 402 to a second zone player 400.
In some embodiments, the first media playback device may determine whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device by counting, for a predetermined period of time, the number of packets received during that period by the first media playback device. If the number of packets received during the period is more than a threshold, the first media playback device may determine that it is forwarding packets. For example, zone player 400 may count packets received on network interface 402 during a predetermined period of time.
Other methods of determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets are possible as well. Moreover, the determination of whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets may be repeated periodically to determine whether the forwarding of playback packets continues or whether forwarding has ended.
In some embodiments, additional actions based upon the determination of whether or not the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media device may be taken. Consider, at block 1104, when the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, the first media playback device may exit the active mode and enter the standby mode. For example, the first zone player 400 may exit the active mode and enter the standby mode when the first zone player 400 is not forwarding packets on network interface 402. Or, at block 1106, when the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, the first media playback device may remain in the active mode. For example, first zone player 400 may remain in the active mode so that playback packets may be forwarded on network interface 402.
Moreover, method 1100 may be repeated for the additional media playback devices such that only a subset of media playback devices within the media playback system that are within a playback path remain in the active mode. For example, each media playback device 1206-1214 determines whether it is forwarding playback packets to at least one additional media playback device 1206-1214. If any media playback device 1206-1214 is not forwarding playback packets, then that media playback device 1206-1214 exits the active mode and enters the standby mode. In some embodiments, if any media playback device 1206-1214 is forwarding playback packets, then each media playback device 1206-1214 may remain in the active mode.
IX. Example Second Method for Media Playback Device Wake-Up
As discussed above, embodiments described herein may involve mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device from a standby mode using a network message known as a wake-up packet wherein the media playback device is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media playback system. Further, as noted above, the wake-up packet may have various payloads depending on the media playback devices that are targeted by the wake-up packet. In some embodiments, the wake-up packet may have a unicast destination address in the payload. These embodiments may be used to wake a subset of media playback devices, such as a destination media playback device and additional media playback devices forming a playback path to the destination media playback device.
FIG. 13 shows an example flow diagram for waking media playback devices from standby mode using a wake-up packet including a unicast destination MAC address, in accordance with at least some embodiments described herein. Method 1300 shown in FIG. 1300 presents an embodiment of a method that could be used in the environments 100, 600, 700, 800, or 1200 with the systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500 for example. FIG. 15 shows an example flow diagram presenting method 1500 for a media playback device to act as a proxy for additional media playback devices that may, in some embodiments, be used in conjunction with method 900 in the environments 100, 600, 700, 800, or 1200 with the systems 200, 202, 204, 300, 400, and 500 for example. For example, each of bocks 1302-1308 may be carried out before, after, or concurrently with each of blocks 1502-1504.
In some embodiments, two or more media playback devices may be interconnected in a network to form a media playback system. FIG. 12 shows example media playback devices and example controllers as part of a networked media playback system. As described above, in some embodiments, a networked media playback system may be configured in an ad-hoc (or mesh) network, such that each media playback device may participate in network routing with other media playback devices. The networked media playback system 1200 includes example media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214. The networked media playback system also includes example controllers 1216 and 1218 connected to wireless router 1204. The media playback devices 1206-1214 and the controllers 1216-1218 form a mesh network. The mesh network comprises point-to-point paths 1220-1228 between devices (e.g. the media playback devices and the wireless router device). Relative to the controllers 1216 and 1218, only media playback device 1206 has a direct route to the controllers because the wireless router broadcasts packets over its wired and wireless interfaces. Media playback devices 1208-1214 are connected to the controllers indirectly through at least one other media playback device (i.e., media playback device 1206).
As a general matter, each of blocks 1302-1308 and 1502-1504 may be carried out by one or more media playback devices. Media playback devices may include any one or more of zone players 102-124 of FIG. 1. Further, media playback devices may include any one or more of zone players 200, 202, and 204 of FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectfully. Yet further, media playback devices may include any one or more of zone player 400 of FIG. 4 and zone players 612 and 614 of FIG. 6. In addition, media playback devices may also include any one or more of zone players 702-706 of FIG. 7 and/or playback devices 864 and 874 of FIG. 8. Further, media playback devices may include media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, or 1214 of FIG. 12. Other possibilities may also exist. It should be understood that media playback devices may be described herein as a “first media playback device”, a “second media playback device”, “at least one additional media playback device”, and/or “a third media playback device” to distinguish one playback device from another.
Methods 1300 and 1500 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1302-1308 and 1502-1504. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.
In addition, for the methods 1300, 1500, and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. In addition, for the method 1200 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, each block in FIG. 12 may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.
a. Receiving, while the First Media Playback Device is in a Standby Mode, a First Wake-Up Packet
At block 1302, the method 1300 may involve receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that is that includes a first payload associated with a MAC address. As described above, a first media playback device may have a network interface. For example, a first media playback device might be a first zone player 400 of FIG. 4 that has a network interface 402. The first zone player 400 may receive a wake-up packet over wireless network interface 404 or wired network interface 406. In some embodiments, the wake-up packet may be received over either wireless network interface 404 or wired network interface 406. In other embodiments, the wake-up packet may be received over both wireless network interface 404 and wired network interface 406.
The first wake-up packet includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC address. Consider FIG. 14 showing an example wake-up packet 1402 having control information 1404, a payload 1406, and a MAC address 1408 associated with the payload 1406. For example, first wake-up packet 1402 may include first payload 1406 associated with media access control (MAC) address 1408. The first wake-up packet 1402 may be a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network, such as network 600 or Ad-Hoc network 700.
MAC address 1408 may be a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for network communications. For example, wireless network interface 404 may have a unique MAC address to identify the wireless network interface 404 on network 710, 712, 850, or 860. The MAC address may conform to the IEEE 802 standard format having a 48-bit address space.
The first wake-up packet 1402 may have a first payload 1406 that includes a MAC address 1408. The first payload 1406 may include sixteen repetitions of a MAC address 1408. Sixteen repetitions of the MAC address 1408 may be recognized by the first media playback device as a signal to enter or exit a device mode, such as a standby mode. In some embodiments, the MAC address 1408 included in the payload may be a unicast destination address that refers to a media playback device. For example, the unicast destination address may refer to a network interface of a media playback device such as network interface 402 of zone player 400. In another example, the unicast destination address may refer to a network interface of media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12.
The control information 1404 may include, along with other information, a destination address. In some embodiments, the destination address may be the broadcast destination address. In some embodiments, the broadcast destination address may be the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, otherwise known as the “all F” address. In other embodiments, the destination address may be a unicast destination address that refers to a media playback device. For example, the unicast destination address may refer to a network interface of a media playback device such as network interface 402 of zone player 400. In another example, the unicast destination address may refer to a network interface of media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, a second media playback device may receive, by the second media playback device while the second media playback device is in standby mode, a second wake-up packet. For example, media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12 may receive a first wake-up packet 1402 and media playback device 1208 may receive a second wake-up packet 1402. In some embodiments, multiple media playback devices may receive additional wake-up packets 1402. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may receive a wake-up packet.
The first wake-up packet 1402 may be sent from any device within the network 710, 712, 850, or 860. For example, the first wake-up packet 1402 may be sent from controller 500 using network interface 508 when a user initiates the playback of an audio track using input interface 514. Or, the first wake-up packet 1402 may be sent from an additional zone player 400 using network interface 402. Alternatively, the wake-up packet 1402 may originate at a controller 500 and travel through one or more additional intermediary zone players 400 before being received by the first zone player 400.
In method 1400, the first media playback device may be configured to be initially in a standby mode. For example, the first zone player 400 may be configured to be in standby mode, e.g., before executing block 1402 in method 1400. For example, the first zone player 400 may be configured to be in standby mode. Or, media playback device 1206 may be in a standby mode. Standby mode may involve disabling one or more components of the media playback device. Further, standby mode may involve putting one or more components in a sleep mode, a standby mode, or the like. In some embodiments, standby mode may involve disabling one or more audio playback components. Standby mode may reduce overall power consumption by the first media playback device as compared to other device modes.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, the second media playback device may be configured to be initially in a standby mode. For example, the first media playback device 1206 may be may be configured to be initially in a standby mode and the second media playback device 1208 may be configured to be initially in a standby mode.
In further embodiments, standby mode may involve one or more of the following: disabling an audio playback stage of the first media playback device; enabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; or enabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device. For example, standby mode for zone player 400 might involve disabling audio stage 424 or components thereof, such as audio processing component 412 or audio amplifier 416. Standby mode for zone player 400 might additionally or alternatively involve enabling a sleep mode for processor 408 or network interface 402. Sleep mode for processor 408 may be, for example, a device mode in which the processor is not executing instructions. Sleep mode for network interface 402 may be, for example, a device mode in which the network interface is not actively communicating, but instead periodically checking for an incoming message, such as a wake-up packet 1402. Standby mode may reduce overall power consumption by the first media playback device as compared to other device modes.
b. Determining Whether the First MAC Address is Included in a List of MAC Addresses Maintained by the First Media Playback Device
At block 1304, the method 1300 may involve determining whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. For example, first zone player 400 may determine whether MAC address 1408 in wake-up packet 1402 is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first zone player 400. The list of MAC addresses may include the MAC address of the first media playback device along with any additional media playback devices. Referring to FIG. 12, media playback device 1206 may have a list of one or more MAC addresses where each MAC address corresponds to the network interface of media playback devices 1208-1214.
The first media playback device may determine whether the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device using a plurality of embodiments. For example, the first media playback device may compare the first MAC address to each MAC address in the list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. Other embodiments not described here are contemplated as well.
In some embodiments, a second media playback device may determine whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the second media playback device. For example, media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12 may determine whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device and media playback device 1208 may determine whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the second media playback device. In some embodiments, multiple media playback devices may determine whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the media playback device. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may determine whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212 and 1214.
The list of MAC addresses may include the MAC addresses of additional media playback devices for which the first media playback device is acting as a proxy. Referring to FIG. 15, method 1500 shows an example flow diagram showing how MAC addresses could be added to the list of MAC addressees maintained by the first media playback device. At block 1502, method 1500 may involve the first media playback device receiving a request to proxy for a second media device. For example, this may involve a first zone player 400 receiving a request to proxy from a second zone player 400. In some embodiments, this request to proxy may be a network message or a series of network messages. As another example, referring to FIG. 12, media playback device 1208 may receive a request to proxy from media playback device 1212. In some embodiments, media playback device 1212 may send the request to proxy when it enters a device mode, such as standby mode.
At block 1504, method 1500 may further involve the first media device adding the second MAC address to the list of MAC addresses wherein the second MAC address is associated with the second media playback device. For example this may involve a first zone player 400 adding the MAC address of a second zone player 400 to the list of MAC addresses wherein the MAC address of the second zone player 400. As another example, media playback device 1208 may receive the request to proxy from media playback 1212 and add the MAC address of the network interface of media playback device 1212 to the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1208.
In some embodiments, additional functions may be performed in addition to method 1500. These functions may involve sending, to the first media playback device, a request to proxy for the second media device, wherein the request to proxy includes a second MAC address associated with the second media playback device and a third MAC address associated with a third media playback device, wherein the second media playback device is a proxy for the third media playback device. For example, media playback device 1208 may receive the request to proxy from media playback 1212 and add the MAC address of the network interface of media playback device 1212 to the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1208. If media playback device 1208 goes into standby mode, then it must send a request to proxy to media playback device 1206. However, since media playback device 1208 is already a proxy for media playback device 1212, the request to proxy sent by media playback device 1208 to media playback device 1206 may also include the MAC address of media playback 1212 in addition to the MAC address of media playback device 1208.
These functions may involve the first media playback device adding a third MAC addresses to the list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. For example, continuing the example above, when media playback device 1206 receives the request to proxy sent by media playback device 1208 to media playback device 1206 that may also include the MAC address of media playback 1212 in addition to the MAC address of media playback device 1208, media playback device 1206 may add the MAC address of media playback device 1212 to the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1206. In some embodiments, both the MAC address of media playback device 1208 and 1212 may be added to the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1206. Moreover, this process may be repeated for additional downstream media playback devices such as media playback devices 1210 and 1214 such that media playback device 1206 may have a list of MAC addresses corresponding to downstream devices for which it is acting as a proxy.
c. Exiting the Standby Mode and Entering an Active Mode
At block 1306, method 1300 may involve the first media playback device exiting the standby mode and entering an active mode when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses. For example, the first zone player 400 may exit the standby mode and enter the active mode when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses. Or, media playback device 1206 may exit the standby mode and enter the active mode when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses. Active mode may involve enabling one or more components of the media playback device. Further, active mode may involve taking one or more components out of a sleep mode, a standby mode, or the like. In some embodiments, active mode may involve enabling one or more audio playback components.
In some embodiments, such as wherein a first media playback device and a second media playback device are interconnected to form a media playback system, the second media playback device may exit the standby mode and enter the active mode when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by the second media playback device. For example, the second media playback device 1208 may exit the standby mode and enter the active mode when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by the second media playback device 1208.
In some embodiments, active mode may involve one or more of the following: enabling an audio playback stage of the first media playback device; disabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; and disabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device. For example, active mode for zone player 400 might involve enabling audio stage 424 or components thereof, such as audio processing component 412 or audio amplifier 416. Additionally or alternatively, active mode for zone player 400 might involve disabling a sleep mode for processor 408 or network interface 402. Active mode might also be referred to as the normal operating mode for the first media playback device. In some embodiments, the first media playback device may consume more power in active mode as compared with at least one other device mode, such as standby mode.
d. Broadcasting a Second Wake-Up Packet that Includes a Second Payload that is Associated with a Unicast MAC Address
At block 1308, method 1300 may involve, when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the first media playback device broadcasting a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC address. In some embodiments, broadcasting the second wake-up packet may involve creating a second wake-up packet and transmitting the second wake-up packet on a network interface. For example, the first zone player 400 may create a second wake-up packet 1402 and transmit the second wake-up packet 1402 on network interface 402 using either wireless network interface 404 or wired interface 406. In some embodiments, the second wake-up packet 1402 may include the broadcast address as the destination address in the control information 1404. In other embodiments, the second wake-up packet 1402 may include a unicast destination address as the destination address in the control information 1404. Moreover, the second wake-up packet 1402 may include a second payload 1406 that includes the unicast destination MAC address 1408. In some embodiments, the second payload 1406 may have sixteen repetitions of the unicast destination MAC address 1408. In some embodiments, the payload 1406 may have other data in addition to the repetitions of a MAC address 1408.
As another example, media playback device 1206 in FIG. 12 may receive a first wake-up packet 1402, exit the standby mode, and broadcast a second wake-up packet 1402 when the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1206. When the first media playback device 1206 is part of a media playback system 1200, the second wake-up packet 1402 may be received by one or more additional media playback devices. For example, after media playback device 1206 broadcasts the second wake-up packet 1402, media playback device 1208, may receive the second wake-up packet 1402. In response to receiving the second wake-up packet 1402, media playback device 1208 may exit standby mode and enter active mode, and broadcast a third wake-up packet 1402 when the second MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by media playback device 1208. The third wake-up packet 1402 may include a third payload 1406 that is associated with a unicast MAC address 1408.
The method 1300 may be repeated at additional media playback devices within the media playback system until so as to cause additional media playback devices in the system to be woken up. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may receive a wake-up packet, exit standby mode and enter active mode, and broadcast a wake-up packet when the MAC address in the wake-up packet received by each respective media playback device 1206-1214 is included in the list of MAC addresses maintained by the respective media playback device 1206-1214.
Further, in some embodiments, the second payload 1406 included in the second wake-up packet 1402 may be the same payload 1406 as the first payload included in the first wake-up packet 1402. For example, the first zone player 400 may copy the first payload 1406 from the first wake-up packet 1402 to the second wake-up packet 1402. Or, the first zone player 400 may translate the information in the first payload 1406 from the first wake-up packet 1402 to the second payload 1406 in the second wake-up packet 1402.
Further, in some embodiments, the first wake-up packet may have a unicast destination address as its destination address in the control information. For example, first wake-up packet 1402 with control information 1404 that includes a unicast destination address as the destination address. In this embodiment, the unicast destination address is translated from the control information 1404 in the first wake-up packet 1402 to the control information 1404 in the second wake-up packet. The second wake-up packet is sent as a unicast message to the destination media playback device or to the next intermediary device that is acting as a proxy for the destination media playback device.
Further, in some embodiments, additional functions may be carried out in addition to method 1300. These functions may involve the first media playback device remaining in the standby mode when the first MAC address is not included in the list of MAC addresses. In this embodiment, the first MAC address 1408 is not associated with the MAC address of the first media playback or any device that the first media playback device for which the first media playback device may be acting as a proxy.
In some embodiments, as described above, two or more media playback devices may be interconnected in a network to form a media playback system. Moreover, as described above, the first media playback device may carry out the steps of method 1300. For example, referring to FIG. 12, media playback device 1206 may receive a first wake-up packet 1402, determine that the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, exit the standby mode, and broadcast a second wake-up packet 1402. When the first media playback device 1206 is part of a media playback system 1200, the second wake-up packet 1402 may be received by one or more additional media playback devices. For example, after media playback device 1206 broadcasts the second wake-up packet 1402, media playback device 1208, may receive the second wake-up packet 1402. In response to receiving the second wake-up packet 1402, media playback device 1208 may determine that the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, exit the standby mode, and broadcast a third wake-up packet 1402. The third wake-up packet 1402 may include a third payload 1406 that is associated with the unicast MAC address 1408. In some embodiments, the third payload 1406 may be the same as the first payload 1406 and the second payload 1406. However, in other embodiments, the third payload may be associated with the same MAC broadcast address 1408 as the first payload 1406 and the second payload 1406, but contain additional data in the third payload 1406.
The method 1300 may be repeated at additional media playback devices within the media playback system until all media playback devices in the system are woken up. For example, each of media playback devices 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may receive a wake-up packet, and determine whether the MAC address in the wake-up packet is within the list of MAC addresses maintained by the respective media playback device. Upon making the determination that the MAC address in the wake-up packet is within the list of MAC addresses, each media playback device 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may exit standby mode and enter active mode and broadcast a wake-up packet. In some embodiments, when the MAC address in the wake-up packet is within not the list of MAC addresses maintained by the each media playback device, the media playback device remains in the standby mode.
X. Conclusion
The descriptions above disclose various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. However, such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of these firmware, hardware, and/or software components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, while the following describes example systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture, the examples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.
As indicated above, the present application involves mechanisms to wake-up a media playback device from a standby mode using a network message known as a wake-up packet, wherein the media playback device is interconnected with other media playback devices to form a networked media playback system. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method involves receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the method further involves exiting, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and entering an active mode, and broadcasting, by the first media playback device a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes a set of instructions for execution by a processor. The set of instructions, when executed, cause a first media playback device to receive, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the set of instructions, when executed, further cause the first media playback device to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode, and enter an active mode; and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In a further aspect, a media playback device is provided. The device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage, and a program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device, while the media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In yet another aspect, a media playback system is provided. The system includes a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The first media playback device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device, while the media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
In another aspect, a method is provided in a local area network comprising a plurality of devices, including at least a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The method includes receiving, by a first media playback device, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the method further includes determining, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the method further includes exiting, by the first media playback device, the standby mode, and entering an active mode, and broadcasting, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the first MAC address.
In a further aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes a set of instructions for execution by a processor. The set of instructions, when executed, cause a first media playback device to receive, by a first media playback device while the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the set of instructions further cause the first media playback device to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the set of instructions further cause the first media playback device to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the first MAC address.
In yet another aspect, a media playback device is provided. The device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage, and a program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC address.
In a further aspect, a media playback system is provided. The system includes a first media playback device and a second media playback device. The first media playback device includes a network interface, a processor, a data storage and executable by the processor to receive, by the first media playback device is in standby mode, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a first MAC address. In response to receiving the first wake-up packet, the program logic is further executable by the processor to determine, by the first media playback device, whether the first MAC address is included in a list of MAC addresses maintained by the first media playback device. When the first MAC address is included in the list of MAC addresses, the program logic is further executable by the processor to exit, by the first media playback device, the standby mode and enter an active mode, and broadcast, by the first media playback device, a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address.
Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of the invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments.
The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.
When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.

## Claims

1. A first playback device comprising: one or more processors;
tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media having instructions encoded therein, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the playback device to perform a method comprising:
receiving, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode in which an audio stage of the first media playback device is disabled, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address;
in response to receiving the first wake-up packet,
(i) exiting the standby mode, and entering an active mode, wherein entering the active mode comprises enabling the audio stage such that an amplifier component of the audio stage is configured to produce amplified audio signals, and
(ii) broadcasting a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address to cause one or more additional playback devices to enter the active mode;

after receiving the first wake-up packet, determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device; and
when the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, exiting the active mode and entering the standby mode.

2. The playback device of claim 1, the method further comprising:
after broadcasting the second wake-up packet, (i) exiting the active mode and (ii) entering the standby mode wherein entering the standby mode comprises disabling the audio stage.

3. The playback device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device comprises:
counting, for a predetermined period of time, a number of packets received by the first media playback device; and
determining whether the number of packets received by the first media playback device exceeds a threshold number of packets.

4. The playback device of claim 1, the method further comprising:
while the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, remaining in the active mode.

5. The playback device of claim 1, wherein the second payload is the same as the first payload.

6. The playback device of claim 1, wherein enabling the audio stage comprises enabling an audio processing component of the audio stage.

7. The playback device of claim 1, the method further comprising entering the standby mode, wherein entering the standby mode comprises one or more of the following:
(i) enabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; or
(ii) enabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device, wherein the at least one network interface is configured to receive a wake-up packet while in the network interface sleep mode.

8. The playback device of claim 1, wherein entering the active mode further comprises one or more of the following:
(i) disabling a processor sleep mode for a processor of the first media playback device; or
(ii) disabling a network interface sleep mode for at least one network interface of the first media playback device, wherein the at least one network interface is configured to receive a wake-up packet while in the network interface sleep mode.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including a set of instructions for execution by one or more processors, the set of instructions, when executed, cause a first media playback device to:
receive, while the first media playback device is in a standby mode in which an audio stage of the first media playback device is disabled, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address;
in response to receiving the first wake-up packet,
(i) exit the standby mode, and enter an active mode, wherein entering the active mode comprises enabling the audio stage such that an amplifier component of the audio stage is configured to produce amplified audio signals, and
(ii) broadcast a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address to cause one or more additional playback devices to enter the active mode;

after receiving the first wake-up packet, determine whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device; and
when the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, exit the active mode and enter the standby mode.

10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the first media playback device to:
after broadcasting the second wake-up packet, (i) exit the active mode and (ii) enter the standby mode, wherein entering the standby mode comprises disabling the audio stage.

11. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the first media playback device to:
after receiving the first wake-up packet, determine whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device; and
while the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, exit the active mode and enter the standby mode; and
while the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, remain in the active mode.

12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device comprises:
counting, for a predetermined period of time a number of packets received by the first media playback device; and
determining whether the number of packets received by the first media playback device exceeds a threshold number of packets.

13. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second payload is the same as the first payload.

14. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein enabling the audio stage comprises enabling an audio processing component of the audio stage.

15. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first media playback device while the first media playback device is in a standby mode in which an audio stage of the first media playback device is disabled, a first wake-up packet that includes a first payload that is associated with a MAC broadcast address;
in response to receiving the first wake-up packet,
(i) exiting the standby mode, and entering an active mode, wherein entering the active mode comprises enabling the audio stage such that an amplifier component of the audio stage is configured to produce amplified audio signals, and
(ii) broadcasting a second wake-up packet that includes a second payload that is associated with the MAC broadcast address to cause one or more additional playback devices to enter the active mode;

after receiving the first wake-up packet, determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device; and
when the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, exiting, by the first media playback device, the active mode and entering the standby mode.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
after broadcasting the second wake-up packet, (i) exiting the active mode and (ii) entering the standby mode, wherein entering the standby mode comprises disabling the audio stage.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
after receiving the first wake-up packet, determining whether the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to a second media playback device;
while the first media playback device is not forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, exiting the active mode and entering the standby mode; and
while the first media playback device is forwarding playback packets to the second media playback device, remaining in the active mode.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second payload is the same as the first payload.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein enabling the audio stage comprises enabling an audio processing component of the audio stage.