36334 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

competitive adoptions. Animals not

selected by the public through a

competitive adoption, would be

available at the base fee $125.00. BLM

is not changing the qualification

requirements for adoption of a wild

horse or burro. Adopters must meet the

requirements of 43 CFR 4750 before

they are allowed to participate in an

adoption event.

An increased adoption fee would also

shift some of the cost of the adoption

from the general taxpayer to the

individuals who benefit directly from

this program. Future adoption fees

would reflect market value of the

animals and strike a balance between

supply and demand.

Prior to each adoption event BLM will

provide information on how the

adoption will be conducted and the

method to be used for establishing

adoption fees.

II. Procedural Matters

National Environmental Policy Act

The BLM has determined that this

rule is categorically excluded from

further environmental review pursuant

to 516 Departmental Manual (DM),

Chapter 2, Appendix 1, Item 1.10, and

that the proposal would not meet any of

the 10 criteria for exceptions to

categorical exclusion listed in 516 DM

2, Appendix 2. Pursuant to the Council

on Environmental Quality regulations

(40 CFR 1508.4) and environmental

policies and procedures of the

Department of the Interior, the term

‘‘categorical exclusions’’ means a

category of actions that do not

individually or cumulatively have a

significant effect on the human

environment and that have been found

to have no such effect in procedures

adopted by a Federal agency and for

which neither an environmental

assessment nor an environmental

impact statement is required.

Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory

Flexibility Act

This rule was not subject to review by

the Office of Management and Budget

under Executive Order 12866. The cost

of complying with the requirements of

the rule is indistinguishable from the

requirements imposed by the existing

adoption fee regulations. Further, for the

same reasons, the Department has

determined under the Regulatory

Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) that

the rule will not have a significant

economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities. The rule does

not distinguish between entities based

on size.

Federal Paperwork Reduction Act

The provisions for collection of

information contained at 43 CFR Part

4710 have previously been approved by

the Office of Management and Budget

and assigned clearance numbers 1004–

0042.

This rule does not contain additional

information collection requirements that

require approval by the Office of

Management and Budget under 44

U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

Executive Order 12630

The Department certifies that this

proposed rule does not represent a

governmental action capable of

interference with constitutionally

protected property rights. Therefore, as

required by Executive Order 12630, the

Department of the Interior has

determined that the rule would not

cause a taking of private property.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

The BLM has determined that this

regulation is not significant under the

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of

1995, because it will not result in the

expenditure by State, local, and tribal

governments, in the aggregate, or by the

private sector, of $100 million or more

in any one year. Further, this rule will

not significantly or uniquely affect small

governments.

Executive Order 12988

The Department has determined that

these final regulations et the applicable

standards provided in Sections 3(a) and

3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988.

Authors: The principal authors of this

proposed rule are Lili Thomas of the Wild

Horse and Burro National Program Office and

Bob Barbour of the Regulatory Management

Team, BLM, assisted by Kim Fondren of the

Office of the Solicitor, Department of the

Interior.

List of Subjects 43 CFR Part 4700

Animal Welfare, Horses, Penalties,

Public Lands, Range Management,

Reporting and recordkeeping

requirements, Wildlife.

Accordingly, BLM proposes to amend

Subpart 4750 as follows:

PART 4700—[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for Part 4700

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1331–1340; 18 U.S.C.

47; 43 U.S.C. 315 and 1740.

2. Section 4750.4–2 is revised to read

as follows:

§ 4750.4–2 Adoption Fee

(a) Does BLM charge an adoption fee

for wild horses and burros?

You must pay a base adoption fee of

$125 for each wild horse or burro you

adopt. You will not be charged an

adoption fee for orphan foals.

(b) Can the adoption fee be increased?

Yes, BLM may choose to hold a

competitive adoption for particular wild

horses or burros. At competitive

adoptions, qualified adopters under 43

CFR part 4750 set adoption fees through

competitive bidding. Horses or burros

remaining at the end of a competitive

adoption will be available for adoption

at the base fee.

(c) Can the adoption fee be reduced or

waived?

(1) The BLM Director may reduce or

waive the fee when wild horses or

burros are un-adoptable at the base

adoption fee.

(2) A reduction or waiver of the

adoption fee is available only if you are

willing to comply with all regulations

relating to wild horses and burros.

Dated: June 24, 1996.

Bob Armstrong,

Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals

Management.

[FR Doc. 96–17487 Filed 7–09–96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4310–84–P

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration

49 CFR Part 571

[Docket No. 95–28; Notice 8]

RIN 2127–AF73

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety

Standards; Lamps, Reflective Devices

and Associated Equipment

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic

Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.

SUMMARY: This document proposes to

amend Standard No. 108, the Federal

motor vehicle safety standard on

lighting, to afford an option to existing

headlamp aiming specifications which

is intended to improve the objectivity

and accuracy of motor vehicle headlamp

aim when headlamps are aimed visually

and/or optically. The proposal reflects

the consensus of NHTSA’s Advisory

Committee on Regulatory Negotiation

concerning the improvement of

headlamp aimability performance and

visual/optical headlamp aiming. The

Committee was composed of

representatives of government, industry,

and consumer interest groups.

DATES: Comments are due October 8,

1996.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36335

ADDRESSES: Comments should refer to

Docket No. 95–28; Notice 8 and must be

submitted to: Docket Section, Room

5109, 400 Seventh Street, SW,

Washington, DC 20590. (Docket hours

are from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.). Do not

send originals of comments to any

person named below.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

(NHTSA Advisory Committee

representative) Steve Kratzke, Office of

Safety Performance Standards, NHTSA

(Phone: 202–366–5203; FAX: 202–366–

4329); (technical information) Rich Van

Iderstine, Office of Safety Performance

Standards, NHTSA (Phone: 202–366–

5275; FAX: 202–366–4329); (legal

information) Taylor Vinson, Office of

Chief Counsel, NHTSA (Phone: 202–

366–5263; FAX: 202–366–3820).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

On June 9, 1995, at 60 FR 30506, the

National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration (NHTSA) published a

notice of intent to establish an advisory

committee (‘‘the Committee’’) for

regulatory negotiation to develop

recommended specifications for altering

the lower beam patterns of Federal

Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108

Lamps, Reflective Devices and

Associated Equipment to be more

sharply defined. Such a pattern would

facilitate visual aimability of

headlamps. The notice requested

comment on membership, the interests

affected by the rulemaking, the issues

the Committee should address, and the

procedures it should follow. The notice

also announced that NHTSA had

procured the services of the Federal

Mediation and Conciliation Service to

facilitate the negotiations. The reader is

referred to the notice of June 9, 1995, for

further information on these issues.

On the basis of comments received to

the notice, NHTSA determined that

establishing an advisory committee on

this subject would be advantageous and

in the public interest. In accordance

with Section 9(c) of the Federal

Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. App.

I sec. 9(c), NHTSA prepared a Charter

for the establishment of a Negotiated

Rulemaking Advisory Committee. On

April 17, 1995, the Office of

Management and Budget approved the

Department’s Advisory Committee Plan

for FY 1995 which included this

advisory committee, and on July 6,

1995, the Secretary approved the

Charter, authorizing the Committee to

begin negotiating the recommended

changes.

Membership

In addition to a representative from

NHTSA, the Committee consisted of

representatives from the following

organizations:

Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety

American Association of Motor Vehicle

Administrators

American Association of State Highway

and Transportation Officials

American Automobile Manufacturers

Association

Association of International Automobile

Manufacturers, Inc.

Automotive Service Association

Groupe de Travail ‘‘Bruxelles 1952’’

Hopkins Manufacturing Corporation

Japanese Automobile Standards

Internationalization Center

Liaison Committee for the

Manufacturers of Automobile

Equipment and Spare Parts

National Automobile Dealers

Association

National Committee on Uniform Traffic

Control Devices

Society of Automotive Engineers, Road

Illumination Devices Standards

Committee

Traffic Control Materials Division, 3M

Corporation

Wagner Lighting Division of Cooper

Industries

In accordance with the directives for

negotiated rulemaking, these

participants represent all ‘‘interests’’

identified by NHTSA as affected by a

final rule on headlamp aimability: the

consumer; Federal and State

governments; American, European, and

Asian manufacturers of motor vehicles

and headlamps; the automobile service

industry; and manufacturers of

headlamp aiming equipment and traffic

control devices.

Meetings

Utilizing the services of the Federal

Mediation and Conciliation Service

(FMCS) as facilitators/mediators,

NHTSA convened the first Committee

on July 25, 1995. The Committee held

an additional series of meetings in

September, October, and November

1995, and in January, March, April, and

May 1996. Under the direction of the

FMCS mediators the Committee

received training in the interest-based

negotiation process. The Committee

used the interest-based negotiation

process to fulfill its charter. At its final

meeting prior to publication, on May 29,

1996, the Committee reached a

consensus on the rationale and

proposed regulatory text for this NPRM.

The Committee meetings were open to

the public, and NHTSA placed the

minutes into a public docket (Docket

No. 95–28).

NHTSA’s Perspective of Headlamp

Aimability

At its simplest expression, proper aim

is required to ensure that headlamps

installed on motor vehicles fulfill the

functions intended by their designers.

There are three principal methods of

aiming headlamps. The first is visual:

project the beam upon a vertical surface

and adjust the headlamp as determined

by an observer; the second is optical:

project the beam into a device that is

placed in front of the headlamp and

adjust the headlamp until the beam

conforms to the parameters of the

device; the third is mechanical: without

activation of the headlamp, determine

proper aim through the use of

equipment external to the headlamp.

Mechanical aim was introduced in 1955

by the automotive industry in response

to aiming concerns expressed by the

states. These concerns were related to

visual and optical and involved ease of

use, repeatability, and accuracy of aim.

A constant requirement of Standard

No. 108 from its effective date on

January 1, 1968, has been the ability of

motor vehicle headlamps to be

mechanically aimed. Mechanical aiming

was necessary because visual/optical

aim of the lower beam pattern in use in

the United States was difficult. Sealed

beam headlamps, the only type of

headlamps permitted until 1983, are

required to have one of four aiming-pad

patterns on the lens. These patterns

consist of three raised aiming pads

arranged as a triangle at specified points

on the lens which provide a precise

interface between the headlamp and a

mechanical aiming device attached to

the headlamp during the aiming

verification process. The mechanical

aiming device provides information so

that the aiming planes of the headlamps,

defined by the three aiming pads, can be

adjusted to be parallel with each other

and perpendicular to the road surface.

Because a headlamp’s beam pattern is

designed to be correctly aimed when the

aiming plane is oriented as stated, the

beam pattern can be aimed without the

need for illuminating the headlamp.

With the advent of replaceable bulb

headlamps in 1983, restrictions on the

size and shape of headlamps were no

longer required, and two additional

configurations of mechanical aiming

pads were permitted. This necessitated

new adapters and also adjustable

adapters for mechanical aiming devices

used with replaceable bulb headlamps.

Initially, NHTSA required that vehicles

with replaceable bulb headlamps also be

equipped with aim adapters until the

adapters could be supplied to the

service industry. However, this design
36336 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

freedom resulted in a proliferation of

headlamp aimer adapters, adding

complexity and error to the previously

simple and accurate process of

mechanical headlamp aim. In addition,

headlamps became smaller, and it

became increasingly difficult for the

traditional type of mechanical aiming

device to measure aim.

In response to this problem, since

June 8, 1989, NHTSA has allowed a

method of mechanical aim that is no

longer dependent upon an external

applied mechanical aiming device but

one which is accomplished by

mechanical aiming equipment on the

vehicle itself. NHTSA terms this a

‘‘vehicle headlamp aiming device’’ or

‘‘VHAD’’. A VHAD is equipment

installed on the vehicle which is used

for determining headlamp aim

mechanically. In its most common form,

these are bubble vials on the headlamp

housing which have a closely specified

geometric (mechanical) relationship to a

beam’s vertical location. When the

bubble is within a specific area

indicated on the housing, the

headlamp’s vertical aim is correct. A

similar mechanical reference marking

system is used for correct horizontal

aim. One attractive feature of VHADs is

that they provide a simple way for

anyone to determine proper aim and to

correct misaim. But, in the event of

damage involving the headlamp,

VHADs may have to be replaced, with

recalibration by a person other than the

vehicle manufacturer who initially

installed them. NHTSA believes, and

the Committee concurred, that

distributors, dealers, and service

facilities do not have the ability to

recalibrate replacement equipment to

the same accuracy as the manufacturer.

VHADs add to vehicle costs, and not all

vehicles are equipped with them;

therefore visual aim and optical aim

remain important.

As NHTSA understands it, state

inspection stations and private repair

shops are less likely today to use

mechanical aiming devices and, for the

most part, choose to aim headlamps

either visually or with optical aimers.

Given the lack of sharply defined visual

cues in the lower beam pattern in

headlamps that are designed to conform

to Standard No. 108, aiming visually or

with an optical aiming device yields

variable results. As a consequence, there

are increasing numbers of misaimed

headlamps in the nation’s vehicle fleet,

with a higher risk of glare and

inadequate illumination of the roadway

including traffic control devices.

When NHTSA published a general

notice asking for candidates for

regulatory negotiation, the American

Automobile Manufacturers Association

(AAMA) identified headlamp aimability

as its first choice. NHTSA agreed with

this recommendation. The NPRM that is

published today is the result of

negotiated rulemaking. The anticipated

result is a final rule that specifies an

option to mechanical aiming for easy,

accurate headlamp aiming.

The Process Followed by the Committee

and Its Recommendations

As part of the interest-based

negotiation process, the Committee first

defined issues for the regulatory

negotiation. The Committee then

identified its interests and finally

reached consensus on criteria for the

regulatory standards.

The Committee used the interestbased process to identify the basic issue

as ‘‘what standard will permit the

visual/optical aiming of lower beam

headlamps’’. Subsequently the visual/

optical aimability of the upper beam

was added.

The Committee-defined interests were

divided into three main themes:

‘‘Safety’’, ‘‘Service Sector and

Manufacturer Needs’’, and ‘‘Visual/

Optical’’. A summary of each issue is as

follows:

A. Safety: Any method of ensuring

visual and or optical aim of low beam

headlamps that involves the proposed

adoption of a new Federal standard for

lower beam headlamp photometry must

not degrade , and desirably will

enhance, the safety performance of the

existing traffic control nighttime driving

environment. A visually/optically

aimable headlamp beam pattern shall

ensure adequate driver control and

avoidance of hazardous features

(pedestrians, roadside objects, etc.), in

the nighttime driving environment,

without creating disabling glare.

B. Service Sector and Manufacturing

Needs: Implementation of a visual aim

standard must consider the following

service sector (dealers, repair garages,

service stations, state inspection

stations, body shops) and manufacturing

(vehicles, headlamps, and aiming

equipment) needs: simplicity, user

friendliness, repeatability, reliability,

cost effectiveness, equipment,

compatible aiming methods.

C. Visual/Optical: The development

of the aiming standard should consider

other established aiming standards.

The Committee then developed six

criteria as critical for the development

of a consensus standard for visual/

optical aim. These criteria are:

1. Accuracy: proper placement of

beam pattern.

2. Repeatability: repeatable aimability.

3. Simplicity: performable by

operators of varying skill levels.

4. Reasonable cost: no unreasonable

costs for manufacturers, the service and

inspection industry, or consumers.

5. Critical beam characteristics:

preservation of beam characteristics for

driver control, avoidance of road

hazards and pedestrians, detection and

legibility of traffic control devices, and

restriction of disabling glare.

6. Ambient light conditions:

achievement of acceptable aim within a

range of ambient light conditions at

manufacturer and service facilities.

The Committee then determined that

the new visual/optical aim standard

should be an option to current

mechanical and VHAD aim

specifications in Standard No. 108, and

usable with all headlamps: sealed beam,

integral beam, replaceable bulb, and

combination-type headlamps. Therefore,

the Committee developed an outline to

be used by NHTSA for the NPRM.

To achieve its goals, the Committee

decided that:

A. the lower beam pattern must have

a wider illumination,

B. a horizontal visual cue must be

added to either the left or right side of

the lower beam,

C. the basic characteristics of the

lower beam pattern must not be

changed,

D. all lenses for visually/optically

aimable headlamps must be marked to

ensure that persons aiming the

headlamps know that the headlamp can

be correctly aimed using a visual or

optical aiming procedure, and

E. existing requirements for VHADs

must be amended to add a specification

currently missing which results in aim

error.

Proposed Requirements and Their

Rationales

The Committee recommends and

NHTSA proposes that the visually/

optically aimable lower beam of a

headlamp meet the following criteria:

A. Vertical Aim of Lower Beam. A

visual cue (cutoff) is required in the

lower beam pattern to permit accurate

aiming. The cutoff marks a transition

between the areas of higher and lower

luminous intensities. The cutoff in the

lower beam pattern is a horizontal line

composed of maximum vertical

logarithmic gradients of the

illumination of the aiming screen.

Vertical aim requires both a laboratory

specification for headlamps before

installation and a field specification for

headlamps after installation. This notice

proposes that the laboratory

specifications be incorporated into

Standard No. 108. The field
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36337

specifications represent the Committee’s

recommendations to all persons who

perform visual/optical headlamp aiming

in the field.#

1. Laboratory Specification for the

Vertical Visual Aim of the Lower Beam.

The Committee, in establishing and

recommending to NHTSA a laboratory

specification for visual aim of the lower

beam, agreed that several factors must

be considered to ensure accurate and

repeatable results that would also relate

to the requirements for field aimability.

Accuracy for laboratory aim was

specified to be within ± 0.1 degree. This

was based on the test equipment

positioning capability of± 0.01 degree

along with the associated lamp-to-lamp

and laboratory-to-laboratory variances.

The Committee agreed that the

specification for the gradient in the

proposal be based on a required ± 0.1

degree laboratory aim accuracy and a

0.25 degree field aim accuracy with

confidence limits of ± 2 sigma (95% of

all aims will be in the range).

A University of Michigan

Transportation Research Institute

(UMTRI) study titled ‘‘Visual Aiming of

European and U.S. Low-Beam

Headlamps’’ (Report No. UMTRI–91–34,

by Sivak, Flannagan, Chandra, and

Gellatly) provided information which

led to the establishment of the necessary

gradient level. In the study by UMTRI,

a wide range of lamps were tested, some

of which were not designed for visual

aiming. A subsequent study of visually

aimable headlamps conducted at GE by

the Society of Automotive Engineers’

(SAE) Beam Pattern Task Force (in

developing SAE J1735 ‘‘Harmonized

Vehicle Headlamp Performance

Requirements’’) found the standard

deviation of vertical aim to be smaller

than the standard deviation in the

UMTRI study. Based on that study, SAE

J1735 specifies a design value of 80%

contrast based on 0.2 degree spacing of

test points which corresponds to a value

of 0.13 in log units with a 0.1 degree

spacing of test points. The Committee

concluded that a gradient of 0.13 would

satisfy its goal for field aim accuracy.

Measurement of the specific gradients

may be carried out using traditional

photometric measurement equipment;

however, photometric distance may

vary between companies. It was decided

that a procedure which has been

developed by the Groupe de Travail

‘‘Bruxelles 1952’’ (GTB) Short-term

Scientific Studies Working Group (SSST

WG) would provide a baseline system

for this test. This may be found in ‘‘Draft

Minutes of the Meeting held at Budapest

1995 October 3’’ on file in the docket as

attachment 3–9 to the Committee’s

minutes of Meeting No. 3.

The cutoff can be on either the right

or left side of the lower beam pattern.

When so located, it provides the

necessary reference for placing the beam

in the appropriate vertical location for

correct aim. In order to achieve a cutoff

in a beam, there must be a distinct

difference in illumination levels above

and below the cutoff. This may be

achieved by numerous methods in the

design of a headlamp. For the purposes

defined by the Committee, a

horizontally-oriented cutoff is

necessary. Based on work done by the

SAE Beam Pattern Task Force, UMTRI,

Commision Internationale de l’Eclairage

Working Group on Vehicle Lighting (CIE

TC4.10) (‘‘Definition of the Vertical Cutoff of Vehicle Headlights’’ draft 1993–3–

15), and the GTB SSST WG, and

reviewed by the Committee, the method

for describing the cutoff is as follows.

Scientific studies by Blackwell,

Olson, Forbes, Sivak, Flannigan, et al.,

have shown that the human eye

responds to the logarithm (to base 10) of

the gradient of screen luminance. This

mathematical expression simulates in

the laboratory where human vision

perceives the cutoff on a screen during

field aiming. A vertical scan of the

lower beam pattern at a specified

number of degrees to the right or left of

the headlamp beam pattern’s vertical

axis, where the cutoff is located, is taken

to gather data on the intensity values.

Thes data are then analyzed using the

mathematical expression to determine

where the greatest rate of change of

illumination occurs; the vertical

location of the cutoff is thus defined.

For example, a person could use a

goniophotometer to record data in small

vertical increments at the locations at

2.5 degrees left or 2.0 degrees right in

order to determine the cutoff location.

For effective field aiming, the cutoff

needs to be finitely long so that the

person looking at the cutoff has a

sufficient cue to find it. This range

should extend at least one degree on

each side of the specified measurement

point of the cutoff and should be

approximately straight and horizontal.

The cutoff on the left side of the beam

pattern can be achieved by putting more

light below the horizontal on the left

rather than reducing the intensity of

light above the cutoff. This added light

provides more illumination to detect

objects on the left side of the beam

pattern and more uniformity of the total

light output from the vehicle. The light

above the horizontal would not be

decreased. The right side of the beam

needs no such enhancement to achieve

an adequate gradient for the cutoff. In

addition to the above, these changes

cause small effects in other areas of the

beam that will be addressed below.

The Committee recommends and

NHTSA proposes the following changes

to the existing photometric figures in

Standard No. 108 for all headlamps

designed for visual/optical aiming:

(a) elimination of the 0.5 deg. D–1.5

deg. L to L test points,

(b) elimination of the 1.0 deg. D–6.0

deg. L test point,

(c) addition of an 0.86 deg. D–3.5 deg.

L test point with intensity requirements

of 1800 cd. minimum, and 12000 cd.

maximum, and

(d) addition of an 0.86 deg D–V test

point with intensity requirements of

4500 cd minimum,

(e) addition of an 0.6 deg D–1.3 deg

R test point replacing the current test

point at 0.5 deg D–1.5 deg R with

intensity requirements shown below:

Proposed test point: 0.6 deg. D–

1.3 deg. R (cd minimum)

Proposed

Source of requirement (Std.

No. 108)

Replaced Test Point: 0.5 deg. D–1.5 deg. R

Source of requirement (Std. No. 108) cd minimum cd maximum

10000 ........................................... new Fig. 15va &

17va.

10000 ......................................... 20000 ......................................... Fig. 15A & 17A.

10000 ........................................... new Fig. 27va &

28va.

8000 ........................................... 20000 ......................................... Fig. 27 & 28.

(f) and modification of the 4 degree

D–V test point in the Figure 15va lower

beam maximum candela column from

7000 cd to 10000 cd.

In Figures 27 and 28 of Standard No.

108 the maximum value at 0.5 degree

D–1.5 degrees L is 2500 cd. In Figures
36338 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

15A and 17A, the maximum value at 0.5

degree D–1.5 degrees L is 3000 cd. The

value of the 1.0 degree D–6.0 degrees L

test point is 750 cd minimum, and it

becomes superfluous because of the

additional illumination provided by the

new test point specified at 0.86 degree

D–3.5 degrees L.

The three test points: 0.86 degree D–

3.5 degrees L; 0.86 degree D–V; and 0.6

degree D–1.3 degree R; have all been the

subject of lower beam headlamp

harmonization activities with GTB,

GRE, JASIC, and SAE. A research study,

UMTRI Report 94–27 ‘‘Evaluation of the

SAE J1735 Draft Proposal for a

Harmonized Low-Beam Headlighting

Pattern’’ reports that these three test

points contribute to better performance

of the lower beam headlamp.

In the past there has been one ‘‘seeing

light’’ test point at 0.5 degree D–1.5

degree R. This is being replaced by three

new ‘‘seeing light’’ test points: 0.6

degree D–1.3 degrees R; 0.86 degree D–

V; and 0.86 degree D–3.5 degree L. The

new 0.86 degree D–V test point with the

4500 cd minimum will increase

uniformity of the beam pattern below

the horizontal line between the high

intensity zones on the left and right. The

new 0.6 degree D–1.3 degree R test point

represents a relocation of a current test

point by 0.1 degree D (from 0.5 degree

D to 0.6 degree D) and 0.2 degree L

(from 1.5 degree R to 1.3 degree R).

These changes represent a significant

improvement in providing more light to

the left side of the beam pattern.

There is a maximum (20000 cd)

requirement at the 0.5 degree D–1.5

degree R test point. Because of

significantly greater control of minimum

and maximum illumination above the

horizontal axis, there is no continuing

need for a maximum at this location.

The recommendation to modify the

test point value at 4D–V in Fig. 15va

from 7000 cd maximum to 10000 cd

maximum is based on the substantial

increase of light resulting from the test

point modifications discussed above

which extend the high intensity zone on

the right side of the beam pattern to the

left side of the beam. The previous test

point value at 0.5 degree D–1.5 degrees

L to L limited not only the light to the

left region of the roadway, but also to

the foreground area. Directing more

light to the left will increase foreground

light levels. Studies performed by

UMTRI have shown that very high

levels of foreground light can depreciate

the driver’s seeing-distance

performance. A modest increase in the

maximum candela level at this test

point from 7000 to 10000 will allow the

additional left-lane light yet not create

undue foreground illumination.

The Committee believes that the

compromise between ‘‘seeing light’’ and

glare protection requires an asymmetric

beam pattern. The beam pattern should

be lower on the left to protect oncoming

drivers from glare. This is consistent

with both the current U.S. and European

beam pattern design. Therefore the

Committee recommends and NHTSA

proposes that the cutoff location be

positioned at 0.4 degree below the H–H

line for headlamps designed to be aimed

using the left side of the beam pattern

and at the H–H line for headlamps

designed to be aimed using the right

side of the beam pattern. The 0.4 degree

down aim on the left side would cause

the top edge of the main part of the

beam pattern on the left to intersect the

road surface at approximately 90 m.

(300 feet) from the vehicle with

headlamps mounted at 635 mm. (25

inches) above the road surface. This

distance is increased from present

headlamps that are limited by the 0.5

degree D–1.5 degrees L to L test point

that exists today. The H–H line was

selected for the right side location of the

cutoff so that the high intensity zone of

the beam is properly placed for

adequate seeing distance and because

glare is less of a concern on the right

side.

The specific mathematical expression

for identifying the cutoff is: G = log

E(α)¥log E(α+0.1), where ‘‘G’’ is the

gradient, ‘‘E’’ is illumination and ‘‘α’’ is

the vertical angular position. The

maximum value of the gradient ‘‘G’’

determines the angular location of the

cutoff.

2. Field Specification for Visual Aim

of Lower Beam. As noted above, the

field specification will not be

incorporated into Standard No. 108 but

represents the Committee’s

recommendation that should be used by

persons in the field who will be aiming

visually/optically aimable headlamps.

The goal of this specification is to assure

that a procedure for accurately aiming

visually/optically aimable headlamps is

available for use by people who need to

aim headlamps. The intent of the

Committee for this specification is to

make it as similar to existing practices

as possible. To this end, the practice in

SAE J599 ‘‘Lighting Inspection Code’’

and the AAMVA ‘‘Vehicle Inspection

Handbook’’, as well as studies done by

NHTSA, UMTRI and JASIC, were used

to develop the specification. The

Committee made decisions about the

field specification that are incorporated

below.

a. Distance.

(i) Visual aim shall be performed at

not less than 7.5 m. (this value is a

rounded down conversion from the 25-

foot distance typical of field aim using

a screen). The 7.5 m. distance is

measured from the front of the

headlamp lens to the viewing screen.

(ii) Optical aim shall be performed at

the distance specified by the

manufacturer of the optical aiming

device.

b. Accuracy. The field aiming

procedure shall be capable of placing

the cutoff within ±0.25 degree.

c. Ambient Light. The ambient light

level during the aiming process affects

the accuracy of aiming headlamps

installed on motor vehicles. The

ambient light level should be not more

than 110 lux (10 foot-candle) measured

vertically at the screen surface around

the H–V point for each lamp.

d. Floor. The surface upon which the

vehicle rests is flat and approximately

level.

e. Screen. The screen upon which

headlamp beams are projected is

perpendicular to the floor and the

vehicle’s longitudinal axis, flat,

uniformly light in color, unobstructed,

and wide and high enough to

accommodate the vehicle beam patterns

to be aimed. The screen should be wide

enough to provide at least 1 m. of space

outboard of the vehicle’s headlamp

spacing.

(i) Placement of the horizontal

reference line on the screen for lower

beam headlamps marked ‘‘VOL’’ (the

symbol is explained later in this notice):

52 mm. with a screen at 7.5 m. (2.1

inches at 24.6 feet) below the height of

the optical axis of the headlamp (this

represents approximately 0.4 degree

down coincident with the laboratory

specification).

(ii) Placement of the horizontal

reference line on the screen for lower

beam headlamps marked ‘‘VOR’’: at the

height of the optical axis of the

headlamp (coincident with the

laboratory specification).

(iii) Placement of each of the two

vertical reference lines on the screen for

lower beam headlamps marked either

‘‘VOL’’ or ‘‘VOR’’: at the vertical

centerline of each lower beam

headlamp.

f. Aim Procedure. Aim the cutoff

vertically so that it is centered on the

horizontal reference line. This is correct

aim. Aim inspection limits are ± 100

mm. (4 in.). Note: only headlamps with

a VHAD will be horizontally adjustable.

(When horizontal aim is non-adjustable,

horizontal aim will not be compromised

because most state laws require that

headlamps be correctly aimed at the

time of the first sale of the vehicle.

Further, proper repair of collisiondamaged vehicles will assure correct
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36339

placement of headlamps and thus

maintain proper horizontal aim.)

g. Reduction in Vertical Aim

Inspection Limits. The Committee

believes that an improved beam cutoff

allows some reduction in the vertical

inspection limits. For instance, many

state aim inspection requirements

prescribe tolerances for mechanically

aimed headlamps which allow the beam

to vary ±4 inches at 25 feet measuring

distance (±0.76 degree) as stated in f.

above. The Committee believes that a

reduction of this tolerance range is

feasible for lower beam headlamps

marked ‘‘VOR’’ and ‘‘VOL’’ and urges

the SAE and the states to investigate and

implement a uniformly reduced vertical

aim inspection limit for these types of

headlamps.

B. Horizontal Aim of Lower Beam.

1. Eliminating Horizontal Aim

Adjustability. Horizontal aimability is

mandatory for mechanically-aimed

headlamps under Standard No. 108.

Because the lower beam of a headlamp

designed to conform to Standard No.

108 does not have any visual cues for

achieving correct horizontal aim when

aimed visually or optically, and because

it is not possible to add such visual

features without damaging the beam

pattern, horizontal aim should be either

fixed and non-adjustable, or have a

horizontal VHAD.

When horizontal aim is nonadjustable, horizontal aim will not be

compromised because most state laws

require that headlamps be correctly

aimed at the time of the first sale of the

vehicle. Generally, the vehicle’s

manufacturer accepts the responsibility

for assuring correct aim of headlamps

on new motor vehicles. Further, proper

realignment of front-end components of

collision-damaged vehicles will assure

correct placement of headlamps and

thus maintain proper horizontal aim.

Thus, no further specifications are

necessary for field use, except to note

that horizontal aim may not be

adjustable on some lamps marked

‘‘VOR’’ or ‘‘VOL’’ on the lens.

Standard No. 108 specifies for the

lower beam, test points at 15 and 9

degrees left and right, with minimum

candela of 850 and 1000 (test points 15

and 9 degrees, Figures 15A and 17A)

and 700 and 750 (test points 15 and 9

degrees, Figures 27 and 28). NHTSA

proposes new Figures 15va, 17va, 27va,

and 28va in which these values are

increased. New test points to be added

at 20 degrees left and right further

widen the beam. In addition to the

substitution of the above mentioned

0.86D–3.5L test point for the 0.5D–1.5L

to L, to facilitate the cutoff, these

changes make the new beam pattern less

sensitive to horizontal positioning. The

proposed modifications and additions

are:

9 deg L&R–2 deg D 1250 cd. min.

15 deg L&R–2 deg D 1000 cd. min.

20 deg L&R–4 deg D 300 cd. min.

These locations and values were taken

from SAE J1735 which achieves a wider

beam pattern as a result of these test

points.

2. Horizontal Aim of Lower Beam for

Laboratory Photometry tests. The

headlamp shall be mounted onto a

fixture which simulates its actual design

orientation on any vehicle for which the

headlamp is intended. The fixture, with

the headlamp installed, shall be

attached to the goniometer table in such

a way that the fixture alignment axes are

coincident with the goniometer axes.

Shimming or adjustment of the

headlamp’s attachment to the test

fixture to comply with the photometric

requirements is not allowed. If there is

a VHAD, the aim of the headlamp shall

be adjusted, using the headlamp’s

horizontal aiming adjusters so that the

VHAD reads zero. When the headlamp

has been aimed vertically, the lamp is

ready to be tested for photometric

compliance.

C. Vertical Aim of Upper Beam. As

with vertical aim of the lower beam,

vertical aim of the upper beam requires

both a laboratory specification for

headlamps before installation and a

field specification for headlamps after

installation; however, the aim of the

upper beam is not nearly as critical as

it is for the lower beam. The notice

proposes that the laboratory

specification be incorporated into

Standard No. 108 for visually/optically

aimable headlamps. For a headlamp that

incorporates both a lower beam and an

upper beam, the laboratory procedure

and the field procedure for upper beam

are not applicable, because the

headlamp must be aimed using the

lower beam, and, by design, both beams

are photometered in that position.

For a headlamp that has only an

upper beam, the following apply:

1. Laboratory Specification for

Vertical Visual Aim of Upper Beam. The

vertical aim of the upper beam shall be

adjusted so that the maximum beam

intensity is located on the H-H axis.

2. Laboratory Specification for

Horizontal Visual Aim of Upper Beam.

The horizontal aim of the upper beam

shall be adjusted so that the maximum

beam intensity is located on the V-V

axis unless the headlamp has fixed

horizontal aim or a VHAD. In these

cases, it shall be mounted onto a fixture

which simulates its actual design

orientation on any vehicle for which the

headlamp is intended. The fixture, with

the headlamp installed, shall be

attached to the goniometer table in such

a way that the fixture alignment axes are

coincident with the goniometer axes.

Shimming or adjustment of the

headlamp’s attachment to the test

fixture to comply with the photometric

requirements is not allowed. If there is

a VHAD, the aim of the headlamp shall

be adjusted, using the headlamp’s

horizontal aiming adjusters so that the

VHAD reads zero. When the headlamp

has been aimed vertically, the lamp is

ready to be tested for photometric

compliance.

3. Field Specification for Visual Aim

of Upper Beam. As noted above, the

field specification will not be

incorporated into Standard No. 108 but

represents the Committee’s

recommendation that should be used by

persons in the field who will be aiming

visually/optically aimable headlamps.

The goal of this specification is to assure

that a procedure for accurately aiming

visually/optically aimable headlamps is

available for use by people who need to

aim headlamps. The intent of the

Committee for this specification is to

make it as similar to existing practices

as possible. To this end, the practice in

SAE J599 ‘‘Lighting Inspection Code’’

and the AAMVA ‘‘Vehicle Inspection

Handbook’’, were used to develop the

specification. The Committee made

decisions about the field specification

that are incorporated below.

a. Distance.

(i) Visual aim shall be performed at

not less than 7.5 m. (this value is a

rounded down conversion from the 25-

foot distance typical of field aim using

a screen). The 7.5 m. distance is

measured from the front of the

headlamp lens to the viewing screen.

(ii) Optical aim shall be performed at

the distance specified by the

manufacturer of the optical aiming

device.

b. Accuracy. The field aiming

procedure shall be capable of placing

the high intensity zone of the upper

beam within ±0.3 degree vertically and

±0.6 degree horizontally.

c. Ambient Light. The ambient light

level during the aiming process affects

the accuracy of aiming headlamps

installed on motor vehicles. The

ambient light level adequate for

visually/optically aiming the lower

beam is amply low enough for accurate

aiming of the upper beam.

d. Floor. The surface upon which the

vehicle rests is flat and approximately

level.

e. Screen. The screen upon which

headlamp beams are projected is

perpendicular to the floor and the
36340 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

vehicle’s longitudinal axis, flat,

uniformly light in color, unobstructed,

and wide and high enough to

accommodate the vehicle beam patterns

to be aimed. The screen should be wide

enough to provide at least 1 m. of space

outboard of the vehicle’s headlamp

spacing.

(i) Placement of the horizontal

reference lines on the screen for upper

beam headlamps marked ‘‘VO’’: at the

height of the optical axis of the

headlamp.

(ii) Placement of the vertical reference

lines on the screen for upper beam

headlamps marked ‘‘VO’’: each

reference line separated horizontally

from the point of projection of the

vehicle’s longitudinal axis on the

screen, by one half the distance

separating the optical axes of the upper

beam headlamps on the vehicle.

f. Aim Procedure. Adjust the aiming

screws so that the high intensity zone is

centered at the intersection of the

horizontal and vertical reference lines

on the screen and within the allowable

tolerances of ±100mm (4 in.). Note: only

headlamps with a VHAD will be

horizontally adjustable. (When

horizontal aim is non-adjustable,

horizontal aim will not be compromised

because most state laws require that

headlamps be correctly aimed at the

time of the first sale of the vehicle.

Further, proper repair of collision

damaged vehicles will assure correct

placement of headlamps and thus

maintain proper horizontal aim.)

D. Movable Reflector Headlamps.

Movable reflector headlamps have a

lens and headlamp housing that does

not move with respect to the

surrounding car structure when

headlamps are aimed. Therefore the

range of headlamp aim limits does not

need to be as large to cover repairs from

vehicle collisions. Requirements for the

aiming of movable reflector headlamps

have been clarified and expanded to

cover headlamps which are visually/

optically aimable. The vertical aim

range limits will now cover only the full

range of pitch on the vehicle on which

the headlamp system is installed. (Full

range of pitch on the vehicle is defined

in S7.8.3 of Standard No. 108.) When

horizontal aim is incorporated in a

headlamp the horizontal aim range

limits will remain 2.5 degrees.

Photometry will then be done over the

applicable aim limits used for the

headlamp system.

E. Marking Requirements

1. Headlamp Optical Axis Mark. The

accuracy and reliability of headlamp

aim depends upon the correct

placement of aiming equipment in front

of the vehicle and its headlamps. To

assure that this placement is correct and

precise, it is necessary for the

headlamps to have an indication of the

optical axis to act as a geometric

reference for measuring distances to the

floor and between the headlamps and

the vehicle’s longitudinal axis. This may

be done by a mark on the interior or

exterior of the lens, or by a mark or

central structure on the interior or

exterior of the headlamp. Thus,

Standard No. 108 should be changed to

require that a headlamp have this mark.

While this is necessary for visual/

optical aim headlamps, it is also

desirable for all headlamps because

people who aim headlamps use visual/

optical aim even though today’s

headlamps are not designed to be aimed

by this method. In the interest of

promoting correct aim, this optical axis

mark is recommended for all future

headlamp designs. This proposal may

require changes in headlamps for

existing production vehicles, however it

is not intended to be a retroactive

requirement. Adequate leadtime is

required for this proposal. Commenters

are invited to discuss leadtime

concerns.

2. Visual/Optical Aimability

Identification mark. Marking of

headlamps would indicate that the lamp

is visually/optically aimable according

to the means specified in the final rule.

Thus, Standard No. 108 would require

that the visible part of the lens of each

original and replacement equipment

headlamp and headlamp lens, and of

each original equipment and

replacement equipment beam

contributor, designed to be visually/

optically aimable, manufactured on or

after the effective date of the final rule,

be marked with the symbols ‘‘VOL’’,

‘‘VOR’’, or ‘‘VO’’ either horizontally or

vertically. The Committee determined

that ‘‘VOR’’ and ‘‘VO’’ respectively

should be the only marking used for all

lower beam and upper beam sealed

beam and integral beam headlamp types

existing before the effective date of the

final rule resulting from this NPRM if

these types are ever redesigned to be

visually/optically aimable. This will

ensure that replacement headlamps are

identically marked.

NHTSA proposes that manufacturers

which introduce new visually/optically

aimed headlamp types after the effective

date be required to determine the aim

method and apply the required marking.

This aim method and marking must be

followed by all subsequent

manufacturers of this headlamp type.

A lower beam headlamp would be

marked ‘‘VOL’’ if the manufacturer

designs it to be visually/optically aimed

using the left side of the lower beam

pattern, and ‘‘VOR’’ if using the right

side. If a sealed beam or an integral

beam headlamp system is in production

before the publication of the final rule,

the lens of any lamp in such system that

is manufactured on or after the effective

date of the final rule would be marked

‘‘VOR’’, and would have the gradient on

the right side, if the system is ever

redesigned so that its lamps are

visually/optically aimable. A headlamp

would be marked ‘‘VO’’ if it is solely an

upper beam headlamp and intended to

be visually/optically aimed.

In accordance with other marking

requirements of Standard No. 108, the

letters would be not less than 3 mm

high.

Allowing Existing Headlamps to Use

the New Photometrics

The Committee also decided that the

improved photometrics represented by

Figures 15va, 17va, 27va or 28va should

be available to manufacturers of

headlamps that are not visually/

optically aimable within the meaning of

this rulemaking action, but which

presently are designed to meet the

photometrics of Figures 15A, 17A, 27 or

28. This raises no safety issues regarding

glare or compatibility of replacement

equipment, and NHTSA is proposing

amendments to the text and Figure 26

appropriate to implement the

Committee’s decision.

Other Issues

Independent of the recommendations

of the Committee to NHTSA, the agency

would like to have comment regarding

the costs, benefits and other impacts

associated with the following issues.

(1) For the express purpose of

simplifying the requirements of the

Standard No. 108 to reduce the burden

on regulated persons, please comment

on the possibility and timing of an

eventual mandatory requirement for

having only visually/optically aimable

headlamps. Such an action would

eliminate at least four Figures (15A,

17A, 27 and 28) and significant text

associated with mechanical and VHAD

aiming.

(2) For additional significant gains

toward simplification and burden

reduction that could be achieved, please

comment on the possibility and timing

of using only Figures 15va and 17va as

the only allowed photometric

performance at sometime in the future.

This can eliminate another three Figures

(26, 27va and 28va) and many pages of

text associated with explanations of

how to select the correct photometric

performance.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36341

Proposed Effective Dates

The amendments that allow

headlamps to be visually/optically

aimable as an alternative to existing

aimability requirements would be

effective 60 days after publication of the

final rule in the Federal Register.

The amendments to S7.8.1 amending

the fiducial marking to require an

optical axis mark for headlamps that are

not visually/optically aimable would

become effective September 1 of the

year following one year after publication

of the final rule. For example, if the

final rule is published after September

1, 1996 and before September 1, 1997,

the effective date of the rule would be

September 1, 1998. There would be no

retroactive effect on existing headlamps

or their replacements. The amendments

to S7.8.5.2(c) amending the calibration

requirements for the VHAD also would

become effective September 1 of the

year following one year after publication

of the final rule. There would be no

retroactive effect on existing headlamps

or their replacements.

Rulemaking Analyses and Notices

Executive Order 12866 and DOT

Regulatory Policies and Procedures

This rulemaking action was not

reviewed under Executive Order 12866.

Further, it has been determined that the

rulemaking action is not significant

under Department of Transportation

regulatory policies and procedures. The

purpose of the rulemaking action is to

provide an alternative and more

objective means of determining the

accuracy of headlamp aim. As an

alternative, the provisions would not be

mandatory unless a manufacturer chose

to install visually/optically aimable

headlamps on a motor vehicle that it

intends to sell. Because of offsetting

benefits to vehicle manufacturers when

choosing this option, it is likely that

greater benefits than costs will occur.

The costs of the final rule would be so

minimal as not to warrant preparation of

a full regulatory evaluation.

National Environmental Policy Act

NHTSA has analyzed this rulemaking

action for the purposes of the National

Environmental Policy Act. It is not

anticipated that a final rule based on

this proposal would have a significant

effect upon the environment. The

composition of headlamps would not

change from those presently in

production.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

The agency has also considered the

impacts of this rulemaking action in

relation to the Regulatory Flexibility

Act. For the reasons stated above and

below, I certify that this rulemaking

action would not have a significant

economic impact upon a substantial

number of small entities. Accordingly,

no regulatory flexibility analysis has

been prepared. Manufacturers of motor

vehicles and motor vehicle equipment,

those affected by the rulemaking action,

are generally not small businesses

within the meaning of the Regulatory

Flexibility Act.

Executive Order 12612 (Federalism)

This rulemaking action has also been

analyzed in accordance with the

principles and criteria contained in

Executive Order 12612, and NHTSA has

determined that this rulemaking action

does not have sufficient federalism

implications to warrant the preparation

of a Federalism Assessment.

Civil Justice

A final rule based on this proposal

would not have any retroactive effect.

Under 49 U.S.C. 30103, whenever a

Federal motor vehicle safety standard is

in effect, a state may not adopt or

maintain a safety standard applicable to

the same aspect of performance which

is not identical to the Federal standard.

49 U.S.C. 30161 sets forth a procedure

for judicial review of final rules

establishing, amending or revoking

Federal motor vehicle safety standards.

That section does not require

submission of a petition for

reconsideration or other administrative

proceedings before parties may file suit

in court.

Request for Comments

Interested persons are invited to

submit comments on the proposal. It is

requested that 10 copies be submitted.

All comments must not exceed 15

pages in length. (49 CFR 553.21).

Necessary attachments may be

appended to these submissions without

regard to the 15-page limit. This

limitation is intended to encourage

commenters to detail their primary

arguments in a concise fashion.

If a commenter wishes to submit

certain information under a claim of

confidentiality, three copies of the

complete submission, including

purportedly confidential business

information, should be submitted to the

Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the street

address given above, and seven copies

from which the purportedly confidential

information has been deleted should be

submitted to the Docket Section. A

request for confidentiality should be

accompanied by a cover letter setting

forth the information specified in the

agency’s confidential business

information regulation. (49 CFR Part

512).

All comments received before the

close of business on the comment

closing date indicated above for the

proposal will be considered, and will be

available for examination in the docket

at the above address both before and

after that date. To the extent possible,

comments filed after the closing date

will also be considered. Comments

received too late for consideration in

regard to the final rule will be

considered as suggestions for further

rulemaking action. Comments on the

proposal will be available for inspection

in the docket. The NHTSA will continue

to file relevant information as it

becomes available in the docket after the

closing date, and it is recommended that

interested persons continue to examine

the docket for new material.

Those persons desiring to be notified

upon receipt of their comments in the

rules docket should enclose a selfaddressed, stamped postcard in the

envelope with their comments. Upon

receiving the comments, the docket

supervisor will return the postcard by

mail.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571

Imports, Motor vehicle safety, Motor

vehicles, Tires.

PART 571—FEDERAL MOTOR

VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS

In consideration of the foregoing, 49

CFR Part 571 would be amended as

follows:

1. The authority citation for Part 571

would continue to read as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115,

30117 and 30166; delegation of authority at

49 CFR 1.50.

2. Section 571.108 would be amended

by:

a. amending Section S4 to add new

definitions: ‘‘Cutoff’’ and ‘‘Visually/

optically aimable headlamp’’ in

alphabetical order to read as set forth

below;

b. revising the definition in S4 of

‘‘Vehicle headlamp aiming device’’, to

read as set forth below;

c. revising S7.3.2(a)(3); 7.3.3(a);

S7.3.4; S7.3.5(a); S7.3.6(a); the first

sentence of S7.3.7(b); S7.3.7(d);

S7.3.7(h)(1); the last sentence of

S7.3.8(b); S7.4(a)(1)(i); S7.4(a)(1)(ii);

S7.4(a)(1)(iii); S7.4(a)(2)(i); S7.4(a)(2)(ii);

the first sentence of S7.4 (a)(3);

S7.5(d)(2)(i)(A)(1); S7.5(d)(2)(i)(A)(2),

S7.5(d)(2)(ii)(A)(1), S7.5(d)(2)(ii)(A)(2),

S7.5(d)(3)(i)(A); S7.5(d)(3)(i)(B);

S7.5(d)(3)(ii)(A); S7.5(d)(3)(ii)(B);

S7.5(e)(2)(i)(A); S7.5(e)(2)(i)(B);

S7.5(e)(2)(ii)(A); S7.5(e)(2)(ii)(B); the
36342 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

first sentences of S7.5(e)(3)(i) and

S7.5(e)(3)(ii); S7.6.2; S7.6.3; and S7.8.1;

S7.8.2; S7.8.2.2; and S7.8.5, to read as

set forth below;

d. redesignating paragraph S7.8.5.2(c)

as S7.8.5.2(d);

e. adding new S7.8.5.2(c) and S7.8.5.3

to read as set forth below;

f. revising the fourth sentence of S10

(a) and the third sentence of S10(b) to

read as set forth below;

g. adding new Figures 15B, 17B, 27A,

and 28A, to read as set forth below; and

h. revising Figure 26 to read as set

forth below:

§ 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps,

reflective devices, and associated

equipment.

* * * * *

S4 Definitions.

* * * * *

Cutoff means a generally horizontal,

visual/optical aiming cue in the lower

beam that marks a separation between

areas of higher and lower luminance.

* * * * *

Vehicle headlamp aiming device or

VHAD means motor vehicle equipment,

installed either on a vehicle or

headlamp, which is used for

determining the horizontal or vertical

aim, or both the vertical and horizontal

aim of the headlamp.

Visually/optically aimable headlamp

means a headlamp which is designed to

be visually/optically aimable in

accordance with the requirements of

S7.8.5.3 of this standard.

S7.3.2 Type A headlighting

system. * * *

(a) * * *

(3) In S4.5.2 and S5.1.6, the words

‘‘Figure 28 or 28A of Motor Vehicle

Safety Standard No. 108 are substituted

for ‘‘Table 3.’’

* * * * *

S7.3.3 Type B headlighting

system. * * *

(a) The requirements of S7.3.2(a)

through (c), except that Figure 27 or

Figure 27A is substituted for Table 3 in

S7.3.2(a)(3).

* * * * *

S7.3.4 Type C headlighting system.

A Type C headlighting system consists

of two Type 1C1 and two Type 2C1

headlamps and associated hardware,

which are designed to conform to the

requirements of S7.3.2(a) through (d),

except that Figure 28 or 28A is

substituted for Table 3 in S7.3.2(a)(3).

S7.3.5 Type D headlighting system.

(a) A Type D headlighting system

consists of two Type 2D1 headlamps

and associated hardware, which are

designed to conform to the requirements

of S7.3.2(a) through (c), except that

Figure 27 or 27A is substituted for Table

3 in S7.3.2(a)(3).

* * * * *

S7.3.6 Type E headlighting system.

(a) A Type E headlighting system

consists of two Type 2E1 headlamps

and associated hardware, which are

designed to conform to the requirements

of S7.3.2(a) through (c), except that

Figure 27 or 27A is substituted for Table

3 in S7.3.2(a)(3).

* * * * *

S7.3.7 Type F headlighting

system. * * *

* * * * *

(b) The photometric requirements of

Figure 15A or 15B of this standard. * *

*

* * * * *

(d) When tested in accordance with

paragraph (c) of this section, the

mounted assembly (either Type UF or

Type LF headlamps, respective

mounting ring, aiming ring, and aim

adjustment mechanism) shall be

designed to conform to the requirements

of Figure 15A or 15B for upper or lower

beams respectively without reaim when

any conforming Type UF or LF

headlamp is tested and replaced by

another conforming headlamp of the

same Type.

* * * * *

(h) * * *

(1) The assembly (consisting of the

Type UF and LF headlamps, mounting

rings, the aiming/seating rings, and aim

adjustment mechanism) shall be

designed to conform to the test points of

Figure 15A or 15B.

* * * * *

S7.3.8 Type G headlighting

system. * * *

* * * * *

(b) * * * In S4.5.2, the words

‘‘either Figure 28 or 28A’’ are

substituted for the words ‘‘Table 3’’.

* * * * *

S7.4 Integral beam headlighting

systems. * * *

(a) * * *

(1) * * *

(i) Figure 15A or 15B; or

(ii) Figure 15A or 15B, except that the

upper beam test value at 2.5D-V and

2.5D–12R and 12L, shall apply to the

lower beam headlamp and not to the

upper beam headlamp, and the upper

beam test point value at 1.5D–9R and 9L

shall be 1000; or

(iii) Figure 28 or 28A.

(2) * * *

(i) Figure 17 or 17B; or

(ii) Figure 27 or 27A.

(3) In a system in which there is more

than one beam contributor providing a

lower beam, and/or more than one beam

contributor providing an upper beam,

each beam contributor in the system

shall be designed to meet only the

photometric performance requirements

of Figure 15A or 15B based upon the

following mathematical expression:

conforming test point value = 2 (Figure

15A or 15B test point value)/total

number of lower or upper beam

contributors for the vehicle, as

appropriate. * * *

* * * * *

S7.5 Replaceable bulb headlighting

systems. * * *

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(2) * * *

(i) * * *

(A) * * *

(1) The lower beam requirements of

Figure 27 or 27A or Figure 17A or 17B

if the light sources in the headlamp

system are any combination of dual

filament replaceable light sources other

than Type HB2; or

(2) The lower beam requirements of

Figure 17A or 17B if the light sources

are Type HB2, or any dual filament

replaceable light sources that include

Type HB2; or

(B) * * *

(ii) * * *

(A) * * *

(1) The upper beam requirements of

Figure 27 or 27A, or Figure 17A or 17B

if the light sources in the headlamp

system are any combination of dual

filament replaceable light sources that

include Type HB2, or

(2) The upper beam requirements of

Figure 17A or 17B if the light sources

are Type HB2, or any combination of

replaceable light sources that include

Type HB2; or

* * * * *

(3) * * *

(i) * * *

(A) The lower beam requirements of

Figure 27 or 27A, or Figure 15A or 15B

if the light sources in the headlamp

system are any combination of dual

filament light sources other than Type

HB2; or

(B) The lower beam requirements of

Figure 15A or 15B if the light sources

are Type HB2, or dual filament light

sources other than Type HB1 and Type

HB5. * * *

(ii) * * *

(A) The upper beam requirements of

Figure 27 or 27A or Figure 15A or 15B

if the light sources in the headlamp

system are any combination of dual

filament light sources other than Type

HB2; or

(B) The upper beam requirements of

Figure 15A or 15B if the light sources

are Type HB2, or dual filament light
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36343

sources other than Type HB1 and Type

HB5. * * *

(e) * * *

* * * * *

(2) * * *

(i) * * *

(A) By the outboard light source (or

the uppermost if arranged vertically)

designed to conform to the lower beam

requirements of Figure 17A or 17B; or

(B) By both light sources, designed to

conform to the lower beam requirements

of Figure 17A or 17B.

(ii) * * *

(A) By the inboard light source (or the

lower one if arranged vertically)

designed to conform to the upper beam

requirements of Figure 17A or 17B; or

(B) By both light sources, designed to

conform to the upper beam

requirements of Figure 17A or 17B.

(3) * * *

(i) The lower beam shall be produced

by the outboard lamp (or upper one if

arranged vertically), designed to

conform to the lower beam requirements

of Figure 15A or 15 B. * * *

(ii) The upper beam shall be produced

by the inboard lamp (or lower one if

arranged vertically), designed to

conform to the upper beam

requirements of Figure 15A or 15B.

* * *

* * * * *

S7.6.2 In a combination headlighting

system consisting of two headlamps,

each headlamp shall be designed to

conform to Figure 17A or 17B and shall

be a combination of two different

headlamps chosen from the following

types: a Type F headlamp, an integral

beam headlamp, and a replaceable bulb

headlamp.

* * * * *

S7.6.3 In a combination headlighting

system consisting of four headlamps,

each headlamp shall be designed to

conform to Figure 15A or 15B, or if an

integral beam headlamp in which there

is more than one beam contributor,

designed to conform to Figure 15A or

15B in the manner required by

S7.4(a)(3) of this standard.

* * * * *

S7.8.1 (a) Each headlamp or beam

contributor that is not visually/optically

aimable in accordance with S7.8.5.3 of

this standard shall be equipped with

fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar

references of sufficient detail and

accuracy, for determination of an

appropriate vehicle plane to be used

with the photometric procedures of SAE

J1383 APR85 for correct alignment with

the photometer axis when being tested

for photometric compliance, and to

serve for the aiming reference when the

headlamp or beam contributor is

installed on a motor vehicle. The

fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar

references are protrusions, bubble vials,

holes, indentations, ridges, scribed

lines, or other readily identifiable marks

established and described by the vehicle

or headlamp manufacturer.

(b) Each motor vehicle manufactured

on and after September 1 [of the year

following one year after publication of

the final rule] shall be equipped with

headlamps or beam contributors which

have a mark or markings that are visible

from the front of the headlamp to

identify the optical axis of the headlamp

to assure proper horizontal and vertical

alignment of the aiming screen or

optical aiming equipment. The

manufacturer is free to choose the

design of the mark or markings. The

mark or markings may be on the interior

or exterior of the lens or indicated by a

mark or central structure on the interior

or exterior of the headlamp.

(c) Each headlamp that is visually/

optically aimable in accordance with

S7.8.5.3 of this standard shall be marked

in accordance with S7.8.5.3(f).

S7.8.2 Except as provided in this

section, each headlamp shall be

installed on a motor vehicle with a

mounting and aiming mechanism that

allows aim inspection and adjustment of

both vertical and horizontal aim, and is

accessible for those purposes without

removal of any vehicle parts, except for

protective covers removable without the

use of tools. A visually/optically

aimable headlamp that has a lower

beam shall not have a horizontal

adjustment mechanism unless such

mechanism meets the requirements of

S7.8.5.2 of this standard.

* * * * *

S7.8.2.2 If the headlamp is aimed by

moving the reflector relative to the lens

and headlamp housing, or vice versa, it

shall:

(a) Allow movement of the headlamp

system, when tested in the laboratory, to

be not less than the full range of pitch

on the vehicle on which the headlamp

system is installed and for the

horizontal aim range limits of S7.8.4,

(b) Conform with the photometrics

applicable to it with the lens at any

position relative to the reflector within

the range limits as specified in

paragraph (a) of this section,

(c) Be exempted from the aim range

limits for testing in a laboratory as

specified in S7.8.3, and

(d) Be exempted from S7.8.4 if it is

visually/optically aimable and has fixed

horizontal aim.

* * * * *

S7.8.5 When activated in a steadyburning state, headlamps shall not have

any styling ornament or other feature,

such as a translucent cover or grill, in

front of the lens. Headlamp wipers may

be used in front of the lens provided

that the headlamp system is designed to

conform with all applicable photometric

requirements with the wiper stopped in

any position in front of the lens. When

a headlamp system is installed on a

motor vehicle, it shall be aimable with

at least one of the following:

(a) An externally applied aiming

device, as specified in S7.8.5.1;

(b) An on-vehicle headlamp aiming

device installed by the vehicle or lamp

manufacturer, as specified in S7.8.5.2;

or

(c) By visual/optical means, as

specified in S7.8.5.3.

* * * * *

S7.8.5.2(c) Each headlamp equipped

with a VHAD that is manufactured for

use on motor vehicles manufactured on

or after September 1 [of the year

following one year after publication of

the final rule] shall be manufactured

with its calibration permanently fixed

by its manufacturer. Calibration in this

case means the process of accurately

aligning the geometry of the VHAD

devices with the beam pattern for the

purposes of compliance with the

standard.

* * * * *

S7.8.5.3 Visual/optical aiming. Each

visually/optically aimable headlamp

shall be designed to conform to the

following requirements:

(a) Vertical aim, lower beam. Each

lower beam headlamp shall have a

cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be

either on the left side or the right side

of the optical axis, but once chosen for

a particular headlamp system’s design,

the side chosen for the cutoff shall not

be changed for any headlamps intended

to be used as replacements for those

system’s headlamps.

(1) Vertical position of cutoff. The

headlamp shall be aimed vertically so

that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4

degree down from the H–H line, or on

the right side, at the H–H line.

(2) Vertical gradient. The gradient of

the cutoff measured at either 2.5 degrees

L or 2.0 degrees R shall be not less than

0.13 based on the procedure of

paragraph (a)(5) of this section.

(3) Horizontal position of the cutoff.

The width shall be not less than two

degrees, with not less than two degrees

of its actual width centered at either 2.5

degrees L, or 2.0 degrees R.

(4) Maximum inclination of cutoff.

The vertical location of the highest

gradient at the ends of the minimum

width shall be within ±0.2 degree of the

vertical location of the maximum
36344 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

gradient measured at the appropriate

vertical line (at either 2.5 degrees L for

a left side cutoff, or 2.0 degrees R for a

right side cutoff.)

(5) Measuring the cutoff parameters.

(i) The headlamp shall be mounted on

a fixture which simulates its actual

design location on any vehicle for

which the headlamp is intended. The

fixture, with the headlamp installed

shall be attached to the goniometer table

in such a way that the fixture alignment

axes are coincident with the goniometer

axes. The headlamp shall be energized

at the specified test voltage.

(ii) The headlamp beam pattern shall

be aimed with the cutoff at the H–H

axis. There shall be no adjustment,

shimming, or modification of the

horizontal axis of the headlamp or test

fixture, unless the headlamp is

equipped with a VHAD. In this case the

VHAD shall be adjusted to zero.

(iii) A vertical scan of the beam

pattern shall be conducted for a

headlamp with a left side gradient by

aligning the goniometer on a vertical

line at 2.5 degrees L and scanning from

1.5 degrees U to 1.5 degrees D. For a

headlamp with a right side gradient, a

vertical scan of the beam pattern shall

be conducted by aligning the

goniometer on a vertical line at 2.0

degrees R and scanning from 1.5 degrees

U to 1.5 degrees D.

(iv) Determine the maximum gradient

within the range of the scan by using the

formula: G=log E(α)¥log E(α+0.1),

where ‘‘G’’ is the gradient, ‘‘E’’ is

illumination and ‘‘α’’ is vertical angular

position. The maximum value of the

gradient ‘‘G’’ determines the vertical

angular location of the cutoff. Perform

vertical scans at 1.0 degree L&R of the

measurement point of the maximum

gradient to determine the inclination.

(b) Horizontal aim, lower beam. There

shall be no adjustment of horizontal aim

unless the headlamp is equipped with a

horizontal VHAD. If the headlamp has

a VHAD, it shall be set at zero.

(c) Vertical aim, upper beam. (1) If the

upper beam is combined in a headlamp

with a lower beam, the vertical aim of

the upper beam shall not be changed

from the aim set using the procedures of

S7.8.5.3 (a) and (b) used for the lower

beam.

(2) If the upper beam is not combined

in a headlamp with a lower beam, the

vertical aim of the upper beam shall be

adjusted so that the maximum beam

intensity is located on the H–H axis.

(d) Horizontal aim, upper beam. (1) If

the upper beam is combined in a

headlamp with a lower beam, the

horizontal aim of the upper beam shall

not be changed from the aim set using

the procedures of S7.8.5.3 (a) and (b)

used for the lower beam.

(2) If the upper beam is not combined

in a headlamp with the lower beam and

has fixed horizontal aim or has a

horizontal VHAD, then the headlamp

shall be mounted on a fixture which

simulates its actual design location on

any vehicle for which the headlamp is

intended. The fixture, with the

headlamp installed shall be attached to

the goniometer table in such a way that

the fixture alignment axes are

coincident with the goniometer axes.

The headlamp shall be energized at

12.8±0.20 mV. There shall be no

adjustment, shimming, or modification

of the horizontal axis of the headlamp

or test fixture, unless the headlamp is

equipped with a VHAD. In this case the

VHAD shall be adjusted to zero.

(3) If the upper beam is not combined

in a headlamp with a lower beam, and

it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal

aim of the upper beam shall be adjusted

so that the maximum beam intensity is

located on the V–V axis.

(e) Photometric requirements and

measurements. (1) Instead of being

designed to conform to the photometric

requirements of Figures 15A, 17A, 27 or

28, a visually/optically aimable

headlamp shall be designed to conform

to the requirements of Figures 15B, 17B,

27A or 28A when tested in accordance

with paragraph (e)(2) of this section and

SAE J575 DEC88, with the distance from

the photometer to the headlamp no less

than 18.3 m.

(2) If the lower beam has a left side

cutoff, reaim the headlamp vertically to

place the maximum gradient found in

S7.8.5.3 at 0.4 degree below the H–H

line. For a headlamp with a lower beam

right side cutoff, place the maximum

gradient found in S7.8.5.3 at the H–H

line. For an upper beam, the headlamp

would already be aimed at the end of

the procedure found in S7.8.5.3. A 0.25

degree reaim is permitted in any

direction at any test point.

(f) Marking. (1) Headlamp optical axis

mark. There shall be a mark or markings

identifying the optical axis of the

headlamp visible from the front of the

headlamp, to assure proper horizontal

and vertical alignment of the aiming

screen or optical aiming equipment with

the headlamp being aimed. The

manufacturer is free to choose the

design of the mark or markings. The

mark or markings may be on the interior

or exterior of the lens or indicated by a

mark or central structure on the interior

or exterior of the headlamp.

(2) Visual/optical aimability

identification marks. (i) The lens of a

lower beam headlamp shall be marked

‘‘VOL’’ if the headlamp is intended to be

visually/optically aimed using the left

side of the lower beam pattern.

(ii) The lens of a lower beam

headlamp shall be marked ‘‘VOR’’ if the

headlamp is intended to be visually/

optically aimed using the right side of

the lower beam pattern.

(iii) The lens of each sealed beam or

integral beam headlamp shall be marked

‘‘VOR’’ if the headlamp is of a type that

was manufactured before [the effective

date of the final rule] and if such

headlamp type has been redesigned

since then to be visually/optically

aimable.

(iv) The lens of a headlamp that is

solely an upper beam headlamp and

intended to be visually/optically aimed

using the upper beam shall be marked

‘‘VO’’.

(v) Each letter used in marking

according to this paragraph shall be not

less than 3 mm. high.

* * * * *

S10. Simultaneous aim photometry

tests.

(a) Type F headlamp systems. * * *

Photometry measurements of the UF

photometry unit shall be completed

using the aiming plane so established,

and the procedures of section 4.1 and

4.1.4 Standard J1383 APR85, and Figure

15A or 15Ba. * * *

(b) Integral beam headlamp systems.

* * * Photometric compliance of the

lower beam shall be determined with all

lower beam contributors illuminated

and in accordance with sections 4.1 and

4.1.6 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85, and

Figure 15A or 15B. * * *

* * * * *

FIGURE 15B.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES

Test points (degrees)Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Upper Beam

2U–V ................. — 1,500

1U–3L and 3R ... — 5,000

H–V ................... 70,000 40,000

H–3L and 3R ..... — 15,000

H–6L and 6R ..... — 5,000

H–9L and 9R ..... — 3,000

H–12L and 12R — 1,500

1.5D–V .............. — 5,000

1.5D–9L and 9R — 2,000

2.5D–V .............. — 2,500

2.5D–12L and

12R ................ — 1,000

4D–V ................. 5,000 —

Lower Beam

10U–90U ........... 125 —

4U–8L and 8R ... — 64

2U–4L ................ — 135

1.5U–1R to 3R — 200
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules 36345

FIGURE 15B.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES—Continued

Test points (degrees)Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

1.5U–1R to R .... 1,400 —

1U–1.5L to L ..... 700 —

0.5U–1.5L to L 1,000 —

0.5U–1R to 3R 2,700 500

H–V ................... 5,000 —

H–4L .................. — 135

H–8L .................. — 64

0.6D–1.3R ......... — 10,000

0.86D–V ............ — 4,500

0.86D–3.5L ........ 12,000 1,800

1.5D–2R ............ — 15,000

2D–9L and 9R ... — 1,250

2D–15L and 15R — 1,000

4D–V ................. 10,000 —

4D–4R ............... 12,500 —

4D–20L and 20R — 300

FIGURE 17B.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES

Test Points

(degrees)

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Upper Beam

2U–V ................. — 1,500

1U–3L and 3R ... — 5,000

H–V ................... 75,000 40,000

H–3L and 3R ..... — 15,000

H–6L and 6R ..... — 5,000

H–9L and 9R ..... — 3,000

H–12L and 12R — 1,500

1.5D–V .............. — 5,000

1.5D–9L and 9R — 2,000

2.5D–V .............. — 2,500

2.5D–12L and

12R ................ — 1,000

4D–V ................. 12,000 —

Lower Beam

10U–90U ........... 125 —

FIGURE 17B.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES—Continued

Test Points

(degrees)

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

4U–8L and 8R ... — 64

2U–4L ................ — 135

1.5U–1R to 3R — 200

1.5U–1R to R .... 1,400 —

1U–1.5L to L ..... 700 —

0.5U–1.5L to L 1,000 —

0.5U–1R to 3R 2,700 500

H–4L .................. — 135

H–8L .................. — 64

0.6D–1.3R ......... — 10,000

0.86D–V ............ — 4,500

0.86D–3.5L ........ 12,000 1,800

1.5D–2R ............ — 15,000

2D–9L and 9R ... — 1,250

2D–15L and 15R — 1,000

4D–4R ............... 12,500 —

4D–20L and 20R — 300

FIGURE 26.—TABLE FOR DETERMINING THE PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS OF REPLACEABLE BULB HEADLAMP SYSTEMS

Any dual filament

type other than HB2

used alone or with

another dual filament type other than

HB2, filed in Docket

No. 93–11

HB2 or any single

filament type used

alone or with any

other single or dual

filament type, filed in

Docket No. 93–11

Four-Headlamp Systems ...................................................................................................................... Fig. 27 or 27A, Fig.

15 or 15B.

Fig. 15 or 15B.

Two-Headlamp Systems ...................................................................................................................... Fig. 27 or 27A, Fig.

17 or 17B.

Fig. 17 or 17B.

FIGURE 27A.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES

Test points

(degrees)

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Upper Beam

2U–V ................. — 1,000

1U–3L and 3R ... — 2,000

H–V ................... 75,000 20,000

H–3L and 3R ..... — 10,000

H–6L and 6R ..... — 3,250

H–9L and 9R ..... — 1,500

H–12L and 12R — 750

1.5D–V .............. — 5,000

1.5D–9L and 9R — 1,500

2.5D–V .............. — 2,500

FIGURE 27A.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES—Continued

Test points

(degrees)

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

2.5D–12L and

12R ................ — 750

4D–V ................. 5,000 —

Lower Beam

10U–90U ........... 125 —

4U–8L and 8R ... — 64

2U–4L ................ — 135

1.5U–1R to 3R — 200

1.5U–1R to R .... 1,400 —

1U–1.5L to L ..... 700 —

FIGURE 27A.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST

POINT VALUES—Continued

Test points

(degrees)

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

0.5U–1.5L to L 1,000 —

0.5U–1R to 3R 2,700 500

H–4L .................. — 135

H–8L .................. — 64

0.6D–1.3R ......... — 10,000

0.86D–V ............ — 4,500

0.86D–3.5L ........ 12,000 1,800

1.5D–2R ............ — 15,000

2D–9L and 9R ... — 1,250

2D–15L and 15R — 1,000

4D–4R ............... 12,500 —

4D–20L and 20R — 300

FIGURE 28A.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST POINT VALUES

Headlamp type 1A1, 1C1, and 1G1 2A1, 2C1, and 2G1

Test points (degrees) Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Upper Beam

2U–V ................................................................................................................................. .................... 750 .................... 750

1U–3L and 3R .................................................................................................................. .................... 3,000 .................... 2,000

H–V ................................................................................................................................... 60,000 18,000 15,000 7,000

H–3L and 3R .................................................................................................................... .................... 12,000 .................... 3,000

H–6L and 6R .................................................................................................................... .................... 3,000 .................... 2,000
36346 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 133 / Wednesday, July 10, 1996 / Proposed Rules

FIGURE 28A.—PHOTOMETRIC TEST POINT VALUES—Continued

Headlamp type 1A1, 1C1, and 1G1 2A1, 2C1, and 2G1

Test points (degrees) Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

H–9L and 9R .................................................................................................................... .................... 2,000 .................... 1,000

H–12L and 12R ................................................................................................................ .................... 750 .................... 750

1.5D–V .............................................................................................................................. .................... 3,000 .................... 2,000

1.5D–9L and 9R ............................................................................................................... .................... 1,250 .................... 750

2.5D–V .............................................................................................................................. .................... 1,500 .................... 1,000

2.5D–12L and 12R ........................................................................................................... .................... 600 .................... 400

4D–V ................................................................................................................................. 5,000 .................... 2,500 ....................

Headlamp type 2A1, 2C1, and 2G1

Test points (degrees) Candela

maximum

Candela

minimum

Lower Beam

10U–90U .......................................................................................................................................................................... 125 ....................

4U–8L and 8R .................................................................................................................................................................. .................... 64

2U–4L ............................................................................................................................................................................... .................... 135

1.5U–1R to 3R ................................................................................................................................................................. .................... 200

1.5U–1R to R ................................................................................................................................................................... 1,400 ....................

1U–1.5L to L .................................................................................................................................................................... 700 ....................

0.5U–1.5L to L ................................................................................................................................................................. 1,000 ....................

0.5U–1R to 3R ................................................................................................................................................................. 2,700 500

H–4L ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................... 135

H–8L ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................... 64

0.6D–1.3R ........................................................................................................................................................................ .................... 10,000

0.86D–V ........................................................................................................................................................................... .................... 4,500

0.86D–3.5L ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12,000 1,800

1.5D–2R ........................................................................................................................................................................... .................... 15,000

2D–9L and 9R .................................................................................................................................................................. .................... 1,250

2D–15L and 15R .............................................................................................................................................................. .................... 1,000

4D–4R .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12,500 ....................

4D–20L and 20R .............................................................................................................................................................. .................... 300

Issued on July 2, 1996.

Barry Felrice,

Associate Administrator for Safety

Performance Standards.

[FR Doc. 96–17299 Filed 7–9–96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910–59–P

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17

Endangered and Threatened Wildlife

and Plants; Notice of Rescheduled

Public Hearing on Proposed

Threatened and Endangered Status for

Five Plants and a Lizard From

Monterey County, California

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service,

Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule, notice of

rescheduled public hearing.

SUMMARY: The Fish and Wildlife Service

(Service), pursuant to the Endangered

Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act),

provides notice of rescheduling of a

public hearing on the proposed

endangered status for coastal dunes

milkvetch (Astragalus tener var. titi),

Yadon’s piperia (Piperia yadonii),

Hickman’s potentilla (Potentilla

hickmanii), Monterey clover (Trifolium

trichocalyx) and the black legless lizard

(Anniella pulchra nigra); and threatened

status for Gowen cypress (Cupressus

goveniana ssp. goveniana). All parties

are invited to submit comments on this

proposal.

DATES: A public hearing was originally

scheduled for Wednesday, July 17,

1996, in Monterey, California. The

hearing has been rescheduled to be held

on Tuesday, August 20, 1996, from 6:00

p.m. to 8:00 p.m. in Monterey,

California. Any comments received by

August 30, 1996, will be considered in

the final decision on this proposal.

ADDRESSES: The public hearing will be

held at the Hyatt Regency Hotel, One

Golf Course Road, Monterey, California.

Written comments and materials

concerning this proposal may be

submitted at the hearing or sent directly

to the Field Supervisor, Ventura Field

Office, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B,

Ventura, California 93003. Comments

and materials will be available for

public inspection, by appointment,

during normal business hours at the

above address.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Connie Rutherford (see ADDRESSES

section) or at 805/644–1766.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

Most of the habitat for the plants and

lizard is found in coastal habitats in

northern Monterey County. Coastal

dunes milk-vetch and Monterey clover

are restricted to private lands on the

Monterey Peninsula. Hickman’s

potentilla is restricted to two

populations: one on the Monterey

Peninsula, and one recently discovered

near Devil’s Slide in San Mateo County.

Gowen cypress stands occur on the

Monterey Peninsula, and at Point Lobos

State Reserve five miles to the south.

Yadon’s piperia occurs primarily on

private lands on the Monterey

Peninsula, with other populations

extending as far south as Palo Colorado

Canyon, and as far north as Blohm