DISMISS; and Opinion Filed Octo ber 7 , 2013. 

# S

In The 

## Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05

- 13

- 00893

- CV

DOUBLE DIAMOND DELAW ARE, INC., DOUBLE DI AMOND, INC., WHITE BLUFF CLUB CORP., NATIONAL RESORT MANAGEMENT CO ., R. MICHAEL WARD, FRED CURRAN, GEORGE COLLINS, LARRY GROPP EL, RANDY GRACY, CLA RK

WILLINGHAM, DONALD F RITZ, MILT BERGMAN, WHITE BLUFF PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC. , Appellants V. JOHN AND CATHY WALKI NSHAW , ET AL , 1 Appellees

On Appeal from the 191st Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC

- 11

- 10333

- J



### MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Moseley, Lang

- Miers, and Lewis Opinion by Justice Lang

- Miers

Pursuant to appellant rule 28.2 a nd former civil practice and remedies code section

51.014(d), 2 appellants bring this agreed interlocutory appeal from the trial court’s general order

granting appellees’ motion for partial summary judgment and denying appellants’ motion for

partial summary judgment. See Act of May 27, 2005, 79 th Leg. R.S., ch. 1051, § 1, 2005 Tex.

Gen. Laws 3512, 3513 (applying to lawsuit filed on or after September 1, 2005), amended by Act

1 There are over one thousand appellees in this case. A complete listing of the names of the appellees can be found in the jud gment.

2 This case was filed before September 1, 2011, therefore appellate rule 28.2 and former s e ction 51.014(d) appl y

. See T EX

. C IV

. P RAC

. & R EM

. C ODE A NN

. § 51.014(d) no t e (West Supp. 2012); T EX

. R. A PP

. P. 28

.– 2

– of May 25, 2011, 82d Leg., ch. 203, § 3.01, 2011 Tex. Gen. Laws 758, 759 (current ve rsion at

T EX

. C IV

. P RAC

. & R EM

. C ODE A NN

. § 51.014 (West Supp. 2012) ) ; T EX

. R. A PP

. P. 28.2. At issue

is the assessment of mandatory property owners’ association (POA) fees for golf

- course

maintenance and “a food and beverage program.” Concluding we lack jurisdiction, we dismiss

the appeal.

BACKGROUND

Double Diamond, Inc. is a real estate development company that owns the White Bluff

Resort at Lake Whitney, Texas. Appellees are current or former property owners in White Bluff

subject to the disputed POA fees. Asserting, among other complaints, that the assessment of

these fees was illegal, appellees, individually and derivatively as POA members, sued Double

Diamond, its subsidiaries, the POA, and POA board members. Among the causes of action

appellees alleged were “common law fraud/fraudulent inducemen t,” fraud in real estate, and

breach of fiduciary duty. Additionally, appellees sought temporary and permanent injunctions

prohibiting further assessment of the fees and a declaratory judgment that the fees were illegal

and improper under the POA governing documents; Texas property and business organization

codes; federal and state tax codes; and, restrictive covenant law.

Both parties moved for partial summary judgment, each raising multiple grounds.

Specifically, appellees sought judgment in their favo r on their claim for injunctive relief and

each of the theories presented in their declaratory judgment action. Appellants also sought

partial summary judgment as to each of appellees’ theories for declaratory judgment and argued

that appellees’ claims wi th respect to the fees being illegal and improper under the tax codes and

the property code were not ripe, appellees did not have standing to raise them, and appellees

could not bring their claims derivatively on behalf of the POA.– 3

– Without stating a basis , the trial court granted appellees’ motion and denied appellants’

motion. In its order, the trial court also granted the parties permission to appeal under appellate

rule 28.2 and former civil practice and remedies code section 51.014. Specifically, the order

recited as follows:

The Court finds that permitting interlocutory appeal is warranted because:

1. There is a controlling question of law as to which there is a substantial ground for difference of opinion[;]

2. An immediate appeal from the order may ma terially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation; and

3. The parties agree to an appeal of the order.

JURISDICTION

Our jurisdiction over this appeal depends on whether (1) the trial court’s interlocutory

order involves “a controlling question of l aw as to which there is a substantial ground for

difference of opinion,” and (2) “an immediate appeal . . . [may] materially advance the ultimate

termination of the litigation.” See T EX

. R. A PP

. P.28.2 ; State Fair of Tex. v. Iron Mountain Info

Mgmt., Inc. , 299 S.W.3d 261, 262 (Tex. App.

— Dallas 2009, no pet.) (interpreting former rule

51.014(d)). Inherent in these jurisdictional requirements is that the trial court ma k e a su bstantive

rul ing on the specific legal question presented on appeal. See Bank of N .Y. Mellon v. Guzman

, 390 S.W.3d 593, 597 n.2 (Tex. App.

— Dallas 2012, no pet.) (citing Colonial Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co.

v. Amaya , 372 S.W.3d 308, 310 (Tex. App.

— Dallas 2012, no pet.); State Fair , 299 S.W.3d at

264)); Gulley v. State Farm Lloyds , 350 S.W.3d 204 , 207 (Tex. App.

— San Antonio 2011, no

pet.). Because generally our jurisdiction is limited to appeals from final judgments and orders

,

we strictly construe any statutes, such as former section 51.014, that allow appeals from

interlocutory orders

. See Guz man , 390 S.W.3d at 596; State Fair , 299 S.W.3d at 262

- 63.– 4

– In a letter brief filed at our direction, appellants identify four “controlling questions”

which generally track the grounds asserted in the competing summary judgment motions.

Arguing this case “is one of first impression” and the “parties’ opinion regarding the controlling

issues of law are both divergent and fundamental,” appellants assert the parties’ arguments

“present inter alia novel theories regarding burden of proof, enforceability of cov enants (personal

or real), statutory construction or construction of governance documents, and standing.”

Appellants maintain that “because these differences of opinions cut to the very core of

[a]ppellees’ claims, they must be viewed as ‘substantial.’” C iting our opinion in State Fair of

Texas v. Iron Mountain Information Management , a ppellees respond, in part, that because the

trial court did not state the basis for its ruling, the appeal does not meet the strict requirements of

former section 51.014(d). See State Fair , 299 S.W.3d at 262, 264. We agree with appellees.

The appealed order is silent as to the basis for the trial court’s order, and nothing in the

record shows the trial court made a substantive ruling on any of the legal issues presented to us.

Although the trial court generally ruled on the competing partial summary judgment motions, it

did not rule on the substantive legal issues presented to it. See Gulley , 350 S.W.3d at 207.

Without a substantive ruling by the trial court, we have no jurisdiction. See Guzman , 390 S.W.3d

at 597

- 98 . Acco rdingly , we dismiss the appeal.

130893F.P05 /Elizabeth Lang

- Miers/ ELIZABETH LANG

- MIERS JUSTICE– 5

– 

# S

Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

JUDGMENT

DOUBLE DIAMOND DELAWARE, INC., DOUBLE DIAMOND, INC., WHITE BLUFF CLUB CORP., NATIONAL RESORT MANAGEMENT CO., R. MICHAEL WARD, FRED CURRAN, GEORGE COLLINS, LARRY GROPPEL, RANDY GRACY, CLARK WILLINGHAM, DONALD FRITZ, MILT BERGMAN AND WHITE BLUFF PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION

, INC., Appellants

No. 05

- 13

- 00893

- CV V.

JOHN WALKINSHAW AND CATHY WALKINSHAW, MARK MAT HISEN, JAMES DRAKE, GLENN C HRISTOPHER, GERALDINE CLARK, STE PHEN CLARK, WEBSTER CLARK E, TERRY WADE, JAMES WALDROP AND KATHY WALDROP, ROBERT WALK ER, KELLY PARKS CORSO, KEVIN COX, RI CHARD CROW, ERIC CUMMINGS, LEROY CURRY, REDDY DASARI, JAMES DAVENPORT AND SHARON DAVENPORT, SCOTT DAV ENPORT, ARGUSTA DAVIS, DOUGL AS DAVIS, SAM AINTABLIAN, RIMA MELILEYAN, VICTOR ALARCON AND R OSA ALARCON, JAMES ALDRI DGE, PETE On Appeal from the 191st Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. DC

- 11

- 10333

- J. Opinion delivered by Justice Lang

- Miers. Justices Moseley and Lewis participating.– 6

– ALVARADO, ADRIANA ALVAREZ, DARRELL AMSDEN, WYAT T ANDREWS, GARY ANTHON Y AND RUBY ANTHONY, GARY A QUILINA AND PAMELA AQUILINA, DEBORAH ARNOLD, JAMES RUMAGE , BETTY ARNSTINE, LARRY ATKI NS AND KAREN ATKINS, JIMMY AUGUSTINO, ELIZABETH ABEL, ANAS ARNOUS, GLORIA ARRIAGA, BUD DY ABLES, JOSE ACHONDO, MIKE A DAMS, ARMANDO AGUILAR, PAU L GASSNER, SCOTT GAST, BERNARD GEIGER AND SANDRA GEIGER, EUGEN E GENDEL AND ANNA GENDEL, EDW ARD GERKEN, DOUGLAS GLAS PELL, MICKEY GLASS, EDWARD MICHAEL GOLUBIC, RAMON GOMEZ , GINA GONZALES, LANNY GOUG E, JOHN GOUGH, BEVERLY GRAHA M, MARVIN D. GRAHAM, JR., MONT Y GRAHAM, LAN TRAN, MELVIN TRA YLOR, DAVID TUCKER, IDA UNGER, J AMES USSERY, CHARLES VANDERWOUD, FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ, M ARCIA VERHAGEN AND ROBERT VERHAGEN, DAN BANKS, ROBERT BA RRE, ULI BAUMERT AND BRENDA B A UMERT, DONALD BEAL, ROBERT BENNETT AND SHERI BENNETT, T ERRENCE BENTON, SOKOL BIBERA J, ROBERT BIRTH AND NANCY BIRT H, A. ROBERT BONNEFIL, RIC HARD BONNER, DEBBIE BRASH EAR, WILLIAM BRAY, ROY BR EAKER AND JOYCE BREAKER, SHERI DAN BREWER, JESSIE BRICE , JOE BRITO, ELSIE SPENCER, CARL BRITTON AND LYNETTE BRITTON, MIC HAEL BROOKS, GILBERT BROW N, MICO BROWN, ALAN BRYANT, MICHAEL BURGESS AND CHARLOTT E BURGESS,– 7

– KIRBY BUSH, BILL CAM PBELL, LARRY CAMPBELL, RALP H CAMPOS, ALFREDO CANLAS, DERE K CARILLO, RONALD CAWTHON, DOUG LAS CHALMERS, PAUL CHAND LER, SHIHAO CHARLES CHANG

, ADALBERTO CHAVEZ, AB DEL CHEHADE AND RAMZIE C HEHADE, MIRIAM CHIAVERINI, D ANIEL DAWE AND DEBORAH DAWE, DA NIEL DE ORIAN, JEFF DEARMAN, RICHARD DEMAREST, JOSEPH DEP ALMA, ALICE DEROUX, RUEL DIXON, DAVID DOST, MICHA EL EDWARDS, ARTHUR FRAUSTO, VALORIS FOR SYTHE, ROBERT KELLY AND PEG GY KELLY, STEVE DREILING, CARR OLL EDWARDS, GLENN EISEL IN, ELDOR EISEN AND DOROTHY EI SEN, RICARDO ELIZALDA, TO MMY RAY ELLISON, DEAN ELYOSS RI, CHRIS ENSENBERGER, BOBBY E VANS, DANIEL EVANS, LIN DA FAIR AND GARY FAIR, GARY FARM ER, CHARLES FIKE, CURTIS FINK, F ARRELL FISHER, ELIZABETH JANE FLEMI NG, WALTER FOSTER, LINDA FOUNTA INE, THOMPSON FOY, FELIX FRANCIS, ROBERT FINDLEY, KENT FREDERICK, DAVID FREMDER, JERRY FULLER, WILLIAM GALLE, RAMON GARDNER,
R AYMOND GARDNER AND S HARON GARDNER, PERRY GARMA N, WILLIAM GRAHAM, MARK GREENLEE, CHIQUITA G RICE, JAMES GROSS, JACOB GROVE, KENNETH GRUNEWALD, MARK HALL AND CATHERINE HALL, DENI S M. HANLEY, DENNIS E. HARMS, RUT H HARRIS, JAY HARVEY, FRANCES HATT ER, TRACY
HAYN ES, TONY HELTON, CHA RLES HENDERSON, DWAYNE HE NDERSON,– 8

– JAMES HENICKE, DAVID HENSON, LEROY HERNANDEZ, JAN ET HERT AND JERRY HERT, MARC HINKLEY, WILLIAM HOLDER, ELIZ ABETH MERRELL, ROBERT DELO RIS PHELAN, RALPH PHILLIPS, WAYN E PILIP, ROBERT POLLOCK, NAND OO POORA N, EFRAIN PORTALES, CRAIG PORTZ, LARRY PRATHER , ANDREW PRESTWOOD, CHARLES P ROWANT AND MOLLIE SUE PROWA NT, JOHN QUARELLO, RICHARD RA DYKOWSKI, LEA REAMER, FLOYD RE ECE, DONNA REED, KEVIN REMBACKI AND ALICIA REMBACKI, B.R. RESPE SS, GLENN RICHARDSON, JENNIFER
H ALLIBURTON ROBERTS, MICKEY ROBERTS, ROGER ROBER TSON AND LINDA ROBERTSON, DEB BIE ROCKET, ROBERT ROGERS, HERMA N ROJO, DARYL ROLLINGS, ARTH UR ROSENBERG, CHARLES R OSS, STEVEN ROSSI, DAVID ROWE AN D ROBIN ROWE, STEVEN RUMER, ROSA RUS THROUGH, REGINALD RU TLEDGE
A ND BETTY RUTLEDGE, G ARY RYAN, LARRY SALISBURY, JAM ES SANCHEZ, CARY SANDE AND NANCY SANDE, CLARENCE SANDLES, DA NIEL SATURN, DANIEL SCOTT , ALBERT SELMERON, MARY ANN S HARP, DARLENE ANN SHAW, JU LIA SHEEHAN, RICHARD SHI MER AND CAROL SHIMER, JOHNNI E SHOWALTER, D ANIEL SIDES, JUDITH SINDER, RON SINENI A ND ANNE SINENI, MIKE SKRABAC Z AND KAREN SKRABACZ, JEFF SLADE CEK AND MILISSA SLADECEK, JO E SLADECEK AND JANIS SLADECEK, ROBERT SLADECEK, LESLIE SMI TH, PHILIP SMITH, JUDY SMITHEY, CHARLES– 9

– SPEARS, RONALD SPEAR S, JOHN ST EPHENS, WARREN STEWA RD, CHARLES STONE, LOUIS STORM AND BARBARA STORM, BILL STOWE, MATTHEW STUART, HENR Y SUMMERFORD, STEPHEN SUMMERS, DANIEL SUTTON AND IN EZ SUTTON, DENNIS SVAB AND ROSI TA SVAB, BELVA SWANNER, ROBIN TALLEY AND BRENDA TALLEY, K ENNETH TAYLOR A ND JOYCE TAYLOR, DELORIS TERRELL, THE LMA LONG, DONALD TELLER, THEOD ORA THOMAS, SALVADOR TOR RES, JULIA WENSEL AS GUARDIAN F OR DORIS R THOMASON, JAMES TOLB ERT, SHARON WALRATH, LIAN GHSIUNG WANG AND HSIUYUN WAN G, JEFF WANG, RICK WARDEN, M ICHAEL WASSON AND PAUL A WASSON, TERRY WATTS AND MARN I WATTS, CHRISTOPHER WEIDES, GENE WEST, RITA WHATLEY, MARY W HEELOCK, N. CAROLYN WICKER, V IRGIL WIESNER, TIM WIGGINS , JIMMY WILLIAMS, KELLY WILL IAMS AND SHAREE WILLIAMS, DUA NE WILLMAN AND TINA WIL LMAN, GREGORY K. WOOD, MIC HAEL WORCESTER, JOAN WRIG HT, KEVIN WRIGHT, FRANKE WYNNE , TIM YOUNG AND STEPHANIE YOUNG, JOHN ZIMMER AND JOY ZIMMER, WES ZMOLIK, BRUCE JO INER AND JUDY JOINER, CLARICE JONES, THOMAS EVERETT JONES , ROBERT MORRIS JUDD, SANFORD JUDKINS, MADAN KAUSHAL, KIRK JOINER AN D JAMIE KEEL, ARTHUR K ELLEY, ROBERT KELLEY AND PE GGY KELLEY, RICHARD KELL Y, MURARI KHANNA, CARLA KIDD, HERSHEL– 10

– KIME, DAMON KING, KE VIN KOESTNER, JOHN LANG, MARCUS LAWRENCE, MAX LEE, J OHN LEMLEY, RAY LEWIS AND PATRIC IA LEWIS, RONALD LEWIS, PAM LI EF, VENUS M

. LILLYBRIDGE, VENUS J

. LILLYBRIDGE, ANTHONY ABRANTES, ANTHONY ACOSTA, LUIS GARY ACOSTA, TRISHA ADAMS , WILLIAM K. ADAMS, CONSUELA M EDRANO ALEJANDRO, ANTHONY W . ALLEN AND SHARLEEN M. ALLE N, CHARLES G. ALLEN, DARIN ANDE RSON, TODD ANDERSON AND KATERIN A ANDERS ON, MARCIA ARCHIBALD

, MICHAEL ARCHULETA, S TEVE ASBILL, ADELA Q. ASH A, JESUSA ASHBY AND JOHN ASHBY , JERRY H. BAILEY, ANTHONY BALC HUNAS, JERRY BALLARD, WILFR EDO BATISTA, CEASAR BELS ER AND LISA BELSER, CYNTHIA L. B ERRY, JANICE A. BERRY, KELLY R. B EYER, DAVIN BICKFORD, TIM BISHOP , BERNIE BLACK, KENNETH R. BL ANKENSHIP AND MARY SUE BLANKEN SHIP, DIDIER BOIVIN, CELAH BOLDON, III, MARVIN BONNER, JR., HARVEY A. BRADEN, DAVID BRANHA M, DONALD W. BREI, BRAD BROWN, DAVID G. BROWN, FRED E. BROWN , JAMES C. BUEHRIG AND JERO LENE BUEHRIG, DARKO & PIEDAD BURMA Z REV. TRUST, ROBERT C. BUR NS, CHARLES H. BUSEY, MARISSA CA LICA, BRYCE K CAMERON, JEFFREY A . CARTER, RALPH E. CASEY, ALBE RTO CASTILLO, LLOYD CHAR LES AND WENDI CHARLES, ANTHO NY CHEN, CARLOS E. CHILDS, DE NNIS CIHACEK,
KATHY CIKANEK, KENNETH L. CLARK, DWAYNE CLEVEL AND AND– 11

– AMY J. CLEVELAND, BR UCE COLTHARP, ERLENE COL VIN, WILLIAM B. COPELAND AND CLAIRE ANN COPELAND, JOANNE B. CORBET, DAVID CORONA, GILBER T COTA, ROBERT CRANSHAW AND JUDITH CRANSHAW, JAMES RAY CREED, MARIKO CROSS, JAMES CURRAN, JOHN DALFONSO, ALTON W. DANIEL, HENRY DASARI, WILLIA M H DEAN, MARTIN DEAVER AND DE BORAH DEAVER, DIPAK B. DES AI, ANA M. DIAZ AND SANCHEZ DIA Z AND ANGEL L. DIAZ, CANDI S (ESSEX) DICKEY, STEVEN DILLO N, MAR DIMES, LARRY DIX, PE GGY DOLEZALIK, BENNY DOLLAR, JOHN P. DONLIN, RAYMOND DUCH SCHERER, MARTIN W. DUNBAR, RO BERT E. DUNIGAN, HYLA EMERY, ROGER ENGLAND, RICHARD C E NRIQUEZ, JOHN B ERICKSON, HAZ EL ESKRIDGE, DAVID FAIN, DAVID O. FALLERT, CHRIS FARISH, HOMA F ERDOWSI, VITO FERRARA, THOMAS W. FERRELL, S R., JEREMY FLEMING, H. RAY FODDER, PAT FOGE RSON, CHARLSY FORD, PATRIC K FOSTER AND LINDA FOSTER, FA YE FREDERICK AND DON YO ST, C. BUCK FULLER AND YVONNE FU LLER, ANTONIA GALINDO, MAR IA J GARCIA AND CHRISTOPHER GARC IA, JAMES GARNER AND MARLA GAR NER, RODNEY K. GASKILL, PAUL S. GEATER, DAVID A. GIL MORE, SR., GERMAN M. GIRON, AND REW GLEN AND CAROL GLEN, ROBE RT GLENN, MARGARITO GONZALEZ, MARK S GONZALEZ, RICHARD GO NZALEZ, RUDOLPH GONZALEZ AND MARIA GONZALEZ, PAUL GOOLS BY,– 12

– TIMOTHY GOOLSBY, MAR THA GORDON, CAROLE GRAF F, BOB J. GRAHAM, PHILLIP GRAV ATT, GAIL B. GRAY, RICHARD GRIFFI N AND HELEN GRIFFIN, JULIA GROMA TZKY AND KAREN D. PECK, GEORG E C. GROMECKI, PETER GROS SERHODE, APOLINAR GUEVARRA, J R., KARL R. GUTZKE, ENRIQUE GUZM AN, NADEEM A. HADDAD, ER NEST SCOTT HAILE, KEIT H HALL, RONALD C. HALVERSON, MICHAEL H ANCOCK, GERALD A. HARE, JOHN G. HARVEY, GERALD E. HATFIELD, SAM HATTON AND BEVERLY HATTON, RIKKI HEMEL, GERALD HENDER SON AND DONNA HENDERSON, JUL IAN HERNANDEZ AND APRIL HERNANDEZ, WILLIAM S . HERRIDGE, JAMES D. HILGER, ANGELA HILLIN, HEROLD HINDS AND JAC QUELINE HINDS, JOHN C. HOBSO N, ASBERRY HODGE AND PATRICIA H ODGE, DARYL HOELSCHER, JOA N L. HOLBROOK, JOSEPH M. HOLLEY, WADE HOOVER, LISA C. HOUDEK, GARY M. HOUSE, CAROL YN HOWARD AND ROBERT HOWARD, K IRK HULL,
WYNNE HUNKLER AND PAULA HUNKLER, TIMOTHY HUT CHENS, DAVID W. HUTTON, MIC HAEL HUTYRA, MARY ICE, WI LLIAM C. JACKSON, JAY JAGIELL O AND ANDRZEJ JAGIELLO, JO HN R. JARMA, DANIEL L. JAMORA, ED WARD J. JASEK AND MARY K. JA SEK, BRENT JONES, BRIAN JONES, GLENN E. JONES AND JENNIFER JONES, JERRY L. JORDAN AND VIVIAN D JORDAN, JERRY L. JOYNER, JEF F KAUFMAN, JOHN H. KELLY AND MA RGUERITE KELLY, D. W. KIEFF, BOBBY L. KING,– 13

– ALAN KIRBY AND HELEN KIRBY, CYNTHIA D. KIRK, MAR K KOON, BALDEV KRISHAN, EDWA RD R. LANE AND PENNY LANE, AMBE R LAPP AN D RONALD LAPP, JASON L ASH, ANTHONY LEDESMA, CAR OLYN E. LEDFORD, JEFF LEMLEY , GRENVILLE LEWIS, IV, ARTHUR LE YHE AND SHARON LEYHE, JERRY LITTMAN, BOBBY G LIVELY, RODO LFO "RUDY" LOPEZ, THOMAS R. MAB RY,JR., STEVEN J. MACDONALD, IRVIN R. MACK, KIRAN MAHAJAN, HA ROLD MAPES, DAVID N MARIN ELLI, BRUCE MARLIN, L. DAVID MAR SCHALL,
EARL D. MARTIN AND B EULAH MARTIN, JOHN E. MART IN, MICHAEL MARTIN AND SHARON MA RTIN, ELISA MARTINEZ, WILL IAM MASON AND MARYANN MASON, P AUL H. MASSEY, PATRICK H. M ATHESON, DAVID MCCOLLOUGH, RA N DY MCCOLLUM AND KAREN MCCOLLUM, J. B. MCCR UM, II, ROBERT L. MCCULLOUGH , BRUCE MCCORMACK, MICHAEL T . MCCULLY AND PAMELA MCCULLY, BILLIE SUE MCDONALD, GLEN MCDON ALD, JAMES MCDONALD, JOHN K. MCDONALD, CARROL SNO W STRICKER MCDOUGAL, L ISA MCGEE, LISA R MCLEAN, PATRICIA MCMANN, PHILLIP MCNEEL, ROSE MELO REVOCABLE TRUST, PED RO HUERTA MENDOZA, GERARD METZ LER, DONALD L. MODE, FRAN K MONTGOMERY, MOONS ENTERPRISES INC., BI LL MORRIS, T. J. MOXON, GENEVA MULL, MICHAEL MULLINS, HENRY MURRA Y, WILLIAM J. NAUGHTON, STEPHEN N AVICKY, TIA KIM NGO, BENJAMI N NOGUERAS,– 14

– MARK NOLEN, PHIL R. NORMAN, JULIE A. NORTON, JOE NOVAK, JOE M. OLDHAM, DAVID R. OLG UIN, PHYLLIS (MRS. ROLAND) OLSON, REX ONDRACEK, GUSTAVO AR ACELI ORTIZ, JOHN OSBORNE AND BEVERLY OSBORNE, ROS A OVALLE, VIRGIE PAJARILL O, DAVID PANNONE, DIANA PAPMEDER, DENN IS PARKS AND ROXANNE PARKS, R OY PAXTON, BARBARA PEEBLES, CHA RLES E. PEEL, DAVID E. PETER S, JAMES PETERS, ALBIN L. PIC HA, RILEY G. PIERCE, BRUCE A. PLA SKET AND CLAUDIA V. PLASKET, WILIAM A. POMEROY, SAMUEL PRAG ER, SATHY A PRASAD, NICANOR PROFETA, STACY PRUOR N, GERALD PRYNE AND WENDY PRYN E, RUFINO N. QUICHO, JR., JANI CE K. RAGLAND, RICHARD RAGSDALE AND NINA RAGSDALE, DAVID RAIN ES, LARRY RAMPENTHAL AND JULIE A. RAMPENTHAL, ROBERT J . RAY, ARTHUR J. REINKING, MALCOLM D. REX, RUDOLF REYES, CHARLE S C. RHODES, LELAND D. RI DLING, KENT ROBBINS AND SUSAN RO BBINS, JOHN A. ROBERTS, III, LOU IS E. ROBICHAUX, ARMANDO N . ROCHA, EDWARD RODEHEAVER, S TEDROY RODNEY, ANTONIO RODR IGUEZ, PAMELA RODRIGUEZ, JA MES ROSE AND MARILYN ROSE, JO SEPH ROSS AND LINDA ROSS, MARG ARET A. RUIZ, RONNIE RUSHING AND SHEILA RUSHING, STEPHEN V. RUSSELL, WILBERTO SAN LUIS, J OE V. SANCHEZ, STEVEN SAND ERS, ALAN DEAN SANNER, JERRY S ATHER AND FRANCES SATHER, MARK A. SCHAFER, BRENDA W. S CHERTZ,– 15

– KENNETH SCHOEN, LEE SCHUCH A ND ANNABETH LEE SCHUCH, STACI SCOTT, RALPH SEARS A ND MARGARET SEARS, STEF AN SELECKY, CHRIS SELL, CHERRIE SELMAN, DAVE SHARMA AND SHASHI SHARMA, TOMMY LEON SHAW, LAURIE SHELLEY , KEITH A SHIVELY, VICTORIA SH OEMAKER, MICHAEL SIEGEL, HOSH IAR SINGH, DEBORAH D. SMITH AND DEBORAH A. DORR, MIKE E. SMI TH, ROGER K. SMITH, GARY N. SNOW, CHRISTOPHER J. SOANE S, ADESH SOODEEN, RANDY SPARK S, ELEANOR W. STANDEFER, JEANNI NE STARR, MELISSA STEELE AND A LAN STEELE, BART STEFFEN, GORDON STEGER, ROBERT E. STEPHENS, JR. RANDY STE WART, TERRENCE I. TE LLIGMAN, ALEXANDER TELLO, PAM ELA TERRELL, BARRY THOMB S, AMY TINDOY, GREGORY S. T ONIAN, ANGELA RENEE TRUJILL O, ROBERT R. TULEY, ROBERT D. TUR ECHEK AND KAREN K. TURECHEK, D ANNY TURRENTINE, MICHAEL VANCE AND NANCY VANCE, JOANNA COOPER
VAND ERPOOL, DAVID VANDIV ER, TIM VANLARE, JERRY V AUGHN, JOE VEACH, NELSON R. VIL LALOBOS, BLAKE VOGLER, JIMMIE J. WADE, FRED I. WAGNER, MICK EY WALKER, RICHARD WALKER, MARY A. WALLACE, PEGGY WARD, H. ROGER WARWICK, JIM WATSON, MICHAEL F. WEATHERLY, DARREN WE IRICH

, KERRY WELCH AND MARI S WELCH, TIMOTHY L. WELCH, JA MES B. WELLING, JANICE WENT WORTH, GEORGE WHEELER, FRAN K WHITVER AND MARY WHITVER, LA RRY– 16

– WILLIAMS, NEVIL WILL IAMSON, JEFFREY A. WILSON, J EFFREY S. WOLDER, FRANCES R. W OLF, STEPHEN L. WOOD, DEB RA DAVIS WOODS , ROBERT E. WRIGHT A ND SHARON S. WRIGHT, GR EG WYNN, DAVID YACKER, PEIJIN G YANG, MARNA YERIGAN, JOHN YEVCAK, MICK YOUNG AND VALER IE YOUNG, ROLAND YOUNG, MAYEZ ZEINE, JOEL C. ZIMMERMANN, JOSE ABELLA AND GEMMA I. ABELLA, SER GIO M. AGUIRRE AND ELSA R. AGUIRRE, PEGGY ALLEN, JOSE H. ARDON, ROSA ARMIJOS AND ANTONIO ARMIJOS, RUSSELL BACK, ROBERT & SANDRA BAKER FAMILY TRUST, FRANK BALKE, THOMAS BARNES , CATHY BARTOLOWITS AND JOE BARTOLOWITS, ROY A. BASA AND LORI BASA, KYLE BECK ER, JAKLIN BENJEMIN, B. DANIEL BERGENHAG EN, DARLENE BESHEAR, PAT A. BLAKELY, CHAR LOTTE A. BOOTH, FRED BOWLDEN, A. J. BOWMAN, STERLING BOW MAN, MICHAEL H. BRAUN, LA RRY BROWN, ROBERT L. BROWN, ERN IE BROWN, TUAN BUI, RITA B. BU RNETT, JANET MCWHORTER CAOUETTE, JOSEPH V. CARROCCIA, LARRY CAR VER, ELLIE NELIDA CHAPPEL TRUST , PAMELA S. CHELETTE, SCOTT CHES HIRE, SANG CHEL CHUNG, PAUL CLA MPITT, JEFFREY B. CLEARY, S COTT A. COBERN, RONALD B. CO KER AND BARBARA A. COKER, RO BERT COMEAU, DAVID CONE, JOSE CORTES, HENRY CRAWLE Y III, MARTIN L. CRISSEY, C ALVIN O. CRO SBY, STEFANO D’AMICO , GARY DANDOY AND LINDA DAN DOY,– 17

– HENRY C. DAVIS, ROBE RT GLENN DAVIS, CLAUDE S. DEA N, JEFFREY DEAN, LEE J. DEGROOT , LEVI DELEON AND SONIA DELEON, RO BERT DEVERNA, ROSELIS DIA Z, GARY DOOLEY AND KATHY DOO LEY, JEFF DOSSETT, ELKE B. DRO ZD

- WILL IAMS, EDWARD W. DURHAM, DA LE EATON, STEWART M. EDINGER, TERRY EHRHARDT, BILL ELLIS , CYNTHIA ENGELHARDT, JAMES L. ERBY, AILLEN JOY ESCOLAR, LARRY D. ESTES, BUTCH EUSTICE

, EXCELLENCE CUSTOM HO MES, LLC, ROBERT FAGARAGAN AND JOANALYN FAGARAGAN, STEVE FEHMEL, B OB FEIDLER, JOSEPH & PENNI FEIL, HARRY N. FINDOR, RICHARD M. FISHER, R ICHARD FLATT AND DEBRA FLATT, ELO Y FLOREZ AND PEGGY FLOREZ, ST EPHEN R. FOXX, SCOTT FRANKS, KEVIN FREUND, DAHLIA J. C. FULGENCE, EMMETT FUNDERBURK, B OBBY LEE GERMANY, JAY GIMPLE, BERNARD A. GOBAR, JR., KIM JAME S GORUM, TIMOTHY GOTTLEBER, N EIL R. GOVE, SANDRA GRAHAM, GILBE RT GRANADO, GORDON K. G REEN, CARMEN A. GREEN, W. E. GUINN, ESTER GULTOM, FRANK A. HABERL, MICHAEL R. HALL, T. COLLIN HAMPTON

- KELLY, DONNA HANCOCK

, PAULA HANDRUP, ODIE L. H ARRIS JR., OLLIE E. HARTGR OVES JR., BERNIE R. HARTIS, MA TTHEW HAYDEN, DEBBIE HAYS, STEVEN HEIFETZ, JERRY HELTO N, ISRAEL HERNANDEZ, JESUS HER RERA, DORIS A. HILL, JOHN HINCHM AN, TAMI HOGAN, ROBERT HOLLEM AN, CHARLSEY L. HOLLER, JAMES– 18

– HOLLEY, IRA G. HOOD TRUST C/O HELEN HOOD, BOB W. H ORTON, RUDOLF HOUDTZAGERS A ND MARIANNE HOUDTZAGERS , PHILLIP L. HOULTON, SR., SHA WNE HUNTINGFORD, THOMAS HYMAN AND JANICE HYMAN, JO RGE IBARRA, ROBERT WAYNE INZER, B. R. ISRAEL, JOE W. IVIE, TOMMIE HOPE JACKSON, JOHN R. JARMA, ROBIN JENTZEN, GARY JOHANSEN AND GE ORGIANA JOHANSEN, GARY JOHNS ON AND CAROL JOHNSON, FRANC ES M. JOHNSON, JEFF JONES, RICHAEL M. JONES, CATHY JOSEPH, DAVID KALISKI, TERRY KERR AND BARBARA KERR, ANTHON Y CHADWICK KESTLER, SA BRA KHAN AND MOHAMED KHALID, ABDUL M.
KHA N AND HUMA J. KHAN, JAMES KILGORE AND DEBRA KI LGORE, THERESA KING AND DAV ID L. KING, JR., DONALD R. KNIGH T, CHESTER KOWALSKI, KENTON KRA FT, ARTHUR R. KRULL, JOSEPH K. LAYTON, JOHN P. LEE, TERRY R. LEE , DAVID P. LEWIS, MICHAEL LOBME YER, JAMES E. LOCK, DANIE L LOPEZ, WESLEY T. LOWERY, GAIL A. MADI SON, MATTHEW S. MARTIN AN D KELLY A. MARTIN, ALEJANDRO MA URICIO, MICHELE MCCAA, CARL R. MCCORKLE, BRUCE MCCO RMACK, DONALD MCCRACKIN, VI CKIE MCDONALD, MICHAEL E. MEAD, BOYD L. MELBOURNE, D ARRELL D. MILIAN, JOHN MITCHEL L AND JUDY MITCHELL, CATHERINE S. MOLAVI, JOHN MONTGOMERY AND CAROLYN MONTGOMERY, RANDALL MOORE, TONY MORRIS, DAVID R . MOSES, JEFF MOULDER, ROBERT MUNS ON III,– 19

– JOEY MURTHIL, BRADY NELSON, WARREN D. NICHOLS AN D MAUREEN Q. NICHOLS, RICKY L. NOBLE, RAYMOND NOTT INGHAM, JR., RICHARD W. DNEAL, JA MES E. OLIVER, LEROY OLIVER AND LILLIE R. OLIVER, OLSON LIV ING TRUST C/O GEORGE OLSON AND CAR OL OLSON, JAMES L. OWENS, H. W AYNE OWSLEY, LESLIE PAIS, DONALD R. PATTERSON AND MARY L U PATTERSON, TANYA PAY NE, JAMES STEVEN PEACO CK, AUSTIN PEMPSELL, BOBBY PESC HEL, RICHARD C. PETERS, V ALERIE PETERSON, JAMES PHEL AN, RANDY POLAK AND CHARLES P. POLAK, JR., JOSLYN V. PORTMANN, ROSA POTTER, VAL V. PRATH ER, MARK PRINCE, DOMINIC C. Q UARTIER, 1993 RAMBAJAN TRUST, ANTH ONY N. AND CARMELITA D . RAMBAJAN TRUSTEES, DAVID RAMS EY, MICHAEL E. REITER, S AM REYNOLDS, ROBERT RHINE, PAUL W . RICHARDS, DON RIDENOUR, CHRIS RIFFE, WILLIAM RISK, TOMMY RITTER AND SUSAN GOLDEN, RON RO BINSON, GUSTAVO RODRIGUEZ, R ICHARD ROMAN, MICHAEL E. RO PER, MICHAEL C. ROWAN, MICHAEL R. RUCKMAN, JULIETE SAT CHELL, MARVIN SAUNDERS, CRA IG SCHACHERER, GREGORY C. SCHAECHER, JEFF SCHM UCKER, BARBARA SCHREIB, RON ALD SCHULZE, LEWIS SEALE S AND CHARLOTTE SEALES, JA MES SEARS, WAYNE SIBLEY, ERVIN SIEMONEIT AND BARBARA SIEMONEI T, JACK SIMMON S, GURJEET SINGH, GEOFFREY SLOMA, JOHN L. SMITH,– 20

– MARIA A. SNELL, DORI S SPANGLER, ROYCE A. SPARKS AND ANA M. SPARKS, JOHN R. SPEE R, DAVID P. STAPP, LARRY B. STEV ENSON, DAVID STEWARD, ELMER SUMME RS, MARVIN SWAIN, WILLIA M F. TAYLOR III, KERRY THERWHANG ER, EUL A THOMAS, SANDRA GREEN E THOMPSON AND FERNAND O THOMPSON, ROSA L. TO RO AND RAFAEL MONTALV, LUAN N B. TUCKER, MICHAEL URES TI, RENE VICUNA, DOMINGO VILL AFANA, DELFINA VILLARREAL, GAIL VOELCKER, LARRY VUNC ANNON, MARILU WALKER AND WI LLIAM WALKER, JR., MICHAEL H. WALLACE, PHIL WALLIN, DAVID W ALLS, MICHAEL WALSH, DOUG WALTHER, RISSIE WALTON, JOHN WARREN AND LAURA WARREN, RANDY WATTENWORTH, RUSSELL N. WEILER, S. SCOTT WEI MER, ALLAN P WELCH, ROD L. WELLS, EUPHEMIA WERNLI, GLORIA WEST, JOHN R. WHITE, CLIFTON WHITI NG, G EORGIA S. WIGINTON, DANIEL WILLIAMS AND AMBER WILLIAMS, N. D OUG WILLIAMS, LARRY R. W ILSON AND WENDI L. WILSON, STE PHEN I. WINARICK, RODNEY SCO TT WINGER, JAY E. WINTERS, DICK WOODWARD AND TERIL WOODWARD, TOLBERT H. WORLEY, JR., KEN YAK O, DWAYNE YAMBRA, DAVI D A. YOCUM, MICHAEL G. YOUNG, SI MON YUAN AND DILI YUAN, ROSIE ZAIZAR, RAYMOND ZAMARIPPA AN D VIRGINIA L. ZAMARIPP A, WILLIAM L. ZILLMAN, JOHN ZUCHA, TROY ANDREWS, TRINA HALL, KELLY A. CRANE, WILLIAM DORSE Y AND– 21

– LINDA DORSEY, MICHEL LE MCMANUS, MICHAEL F. MILLE R, LAURA RODRIGUEZ, CHR IS SPROLES, KEVIN M WALCZYK, DIA NA WILSON, WESLEY ZMOLIK, LARRY BROWN, RODNEY CASTLE AND AC IA CASTLE, ANTHONY DARWIN, FRAN CES AND LYNDA KELLEY JOHNSON , BRET OLTJEN AND ANGELA OL TJEN, MICHAEL E. REITER, L AURA RODRIGUEZ, AND CHRIS SPRO LES, Appellees

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, we DISMISS the appeal. We ORDER that each party bear its own costs of this interlocutory appeal.

Judgment entered this 7th day of October, 2013.

/Elizabeth Lang

- Miers/
ELIZABETH LANG

- MIERS JUSTICE