# Patent

## Title
Systems and assemblies for transferring high power laser energy through a rotating junction

## Abstract

There are provided high power laser devices and systems for transmitting a high power laser beam across a rotating assembly, including optical slip rings and optical rotational coupling assemblies. These devices can transmit the laser beam through the rotation zone in free space or within a fiber.

## Background
This application: (i) claims, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)(1), the benefit of the filing date of Mar. 1, 2012 of provisional application Ser. No. 61/605,401; (ii) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/210,581; (iii) is continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/366,882; (iv) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/543,986; and, (iv) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/544,136, which claims under 35 U.S.C. §119(e)(1) the benefit of the filing date of Feb. 17, 2009 of provisional application Ser. No. 61/153,271 and the benefit of the filing date of Oct. 17, 2008 of Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/106,472, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.


This invention was made with Government support under Award DE-AR0000044 awarded by the Office of ARPA-E U.S. Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present inventions relate to high power laser conveyance and deployment systems for use with high power laser tools and systems and in high power laser operations. More particularly, the present inventions relate to systems, methods and structures for deploying equipment and conveying high power laser energy, alone or in conjunction with other items, such as, data, electricity, gases and liquids, to remote, difficult to access or hazardous locations, such as oil wells, boreholes in the earth, pipelines, underground mines, natural gas wells, geothermal wells, surface mines, subsea structures, or nuclear reactors. The delivered high power laser energy and other items may be used at the remote location for activities, such as, monitoring, cleaning, controlling, assembling, drilling, machining, powering equipment, milling, flow assurance, decommissioning, plugging, abandonment, drilling, perforating, work overs, completions, and fracturing.
As used herein, unless specified otherwise “high power laser energy” means a laser beam having at least about 1 kW (kilowatt) of power. As used herein, unless specified otherwise “great distances” means at least about 500 m (meter). As used herein, unless specified otherwise, the term “substantial loss of power,” “substantial power loss” and similar such phrases, mean a loss of power of more than about 3.0 dB/km (decibel/kilometer) for a selected wavelength. As used herein the term “substantial power transmission” means at least about 50% transmittance.
As used herein, unless specified otherwise, the term high power laser umbilical should be given its broadest possible meaning, and would generally include: a high power laser optical fiber; one, two, three, four or more high power laser optical fibers in a bundle or assembly; a high power laser fiber(s) in a protective covering(s), and a high power laser fiber(s) in a more complex conveyance structure(s) having other channels for conveying other materials such as fluids, wires, communication optical fibers, support structures and the like; and, would include without limitation all of the high power laser transmission structures and configurations disclosed and taught in the following US Patent Applications Publication Nos.: 2010/0044106; 2010/0215326; 2010/0044103; 2012/0020631; 2012/0068006; and 2012/0266803, the entire disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
When operating in high power laser regimes, e.g., greater than 1 kW, greater than 10 kW, greater than 20 kW, greater 50 kW, greater than 80 kW, about 100 kW and greater, the difficulties and problems associated with transmitting this high power laser energy across a rotating junction increase by several orders of magnitude compared with telecommunications power levels, e.g., milliwatts.
SUMMARY
There is a need to deploy high power laser umbilicals over great distance from wound, coiled or compact configurations. This need extends to delivering high power laser energy from the umbilicals during deployment and recovery. The present inventions, among other things, solve these needs by providing the articles of manufacture, devices and processes taught herein.
Thus, there is provided herein a a rotational junction transmission device for transmitting very high power laser energy, the device having: a housing having a first end and a second end; a first plate rotatably affixed to the first end of the housing, and a second plate affixed to the second end of the housing, wherein the first and second plates and the housing define a rotation junction there between; a means for transferring a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power across the rotation junction.
Further it is provided that this device may further have one or more of: a pair of optical blocks, wherein each pair of optical blocks is optically associated with a laser beam path, whereby the optical block pair is capable of transmitting the laser beam across a rotation junction; and at least one of the pair of optical blocks passes through a second laser beam path; an optical block having a plurality of transmissive reflective surfaces with in the block; at least four high power laser couplers; an optical block that has at least four transmissive reflective surfaces and each surface is optically associated with a high power optical fiber; and a ratchet mechanism.
Additionally there is provided a self adjusting optical slip ring for transmitting high power laser energy across a rotational transition, the slip ring having: a first connector defining a mechanical, optical and thermal tolerance; a second connector defining a mechanical, optical and thermal tolerance; a launching body optics defining a mechanical, optical and thermal tolerance; a receiving body optics defining a mechanical, optical and thermal tolerance tolerance; and all tolerances below a predetermined level, whereby the optical slip ring is self-aligning.
Still further there is provided an optical rotational coupling assembly, the assembly having: a continuous length of a high power umbilical having a first end section and a second end section; the end sections on either side of a rotational junction; wherein the first end is fixed in a non-rotatable manner; and, wherein the second end rotatable, in a manner that does not twist the umbilical; whereby the assembly is capable of delivering a laser beam across the rotational junction.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 1A is a 1⁄4 cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1B is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIGS. 5A-5G are illustrations of the components of the embodiment of FIG. 5.
FIGS. 6A & 6B are perspective views of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIGS. 6C & 6D are cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIGS. 6A and 6B.
FIG. 6E is a histogram of an embodiment of a self-adjusting optical slip ring of the present inventions.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 8A is a cross section of the embodiment of FIG. 8
FIG. 9 is a cut away perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a component of the embodiment of FIG. 9.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 12A is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 12.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 13A is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 13.
FIG. 14A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 14B is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 14B.
FIGS. 15A & 15B are perspective views of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 15C is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIGS. 15A and 15B.
FIG. 16 is a schematic of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission system in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 18A is an enlarged cross sectional view of a section of the embodiment of FIG. 18.
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 19A is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 as shown during assembly.
FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 25 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 26 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 28 is a perspective sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 28A is a cutaway view of a structure of the embodiment of FIG. 28.
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the present inventions.
FIG. 29A is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 29.
FIG. 29B is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 29.
FIG. 29C is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 29.
FIG. 29D is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 29.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In general, the present inventions relate to systems, methods and equipment for deploying high power laser umbilicals from a wound, coiled or compact configuration to a deployed condition and for returning the umbilical from the deployed condition to the wound, coiled or compact configuration. In particular the present inventions relate to transmitting high power laser energy through the umbilical during deployment, during recovery and both.
Turning to FIG. 1 there is shown a perspective view of an embodiment of an optical slip ring (“OSR”). The OSR 100 has a gear box 101, a drive wheel 102 and a housing 103. The housing 103 has a front plate 104, which moves, rotates, with respect to the housing 103. The housing has a back plate 105 that is fixed with the housing 103, i.e., it does not rotate with respect to housing 103. Drive wheel 102 drives front plate 104.
Front plate has high power laser connectors 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, which rotate with front plate 104. Each connector has a high power laser umbilical, e.g., 106a, 107a, 109a, 112a, respectively associated with it. Housing 103 has high power laser connectors 106b, 113, 114, 115, 109b, 107b, 112b. These connectors are fixed with the housing. Each connector has a high power laser umbilical 106c, 113c, 114c, 115c, 109c, 107c 112c respectively associated with it.
In this embodiment the connectors and fibers in one section, e.g., face plate 104, are rotationally associated with the connectors and umbilicals in another section, e.g., housing 103. Being rotationally associated either the face plate or the housing may be fixed with the other section rotating. Preferably, the fixed, non-rotating section is optically associated with the high power laser. Thus, in one configuration of the embodiment of FIG. 1 umbilicals, e.g., 106a, 107a, 109a, 112a are each optically associated with a high power laser, e.g., a 20 kW fiber laser; and umbilicals 106c, 113c, 114c, 115c, 109c, 107c, 112c are optically associated with one or more high power laser tools. In another configuration umbilicals 106c, 113c, 114c, 115c, 109c, 107c, 112c are each optically associated with a high power laser, e.g., a 20 kW fiber laser; and umbilicals, e.g., 106a, 107a, 109a, 112a are optically associated with one or more laser tools. The umbilicals in this embodiment may be, for example, high power optical fibers in a metal tube (“FIMT”)
The OSR 100 may be associated with a reel having a long length of high power laser umbilical for use in deploying a high power laser tool. This umbilical may be at least about 500 feet, at least about 1,000 feet long, at least about 5,000 feet long, at least about 10,000 feet long and longer. As the long umbilical is unwound and deployed the OSR 100 permits the high power laser beams to be transmitted across rotating junctions that are contained within the housing 103. Thus, depending upon the diameter of the reel, the OSR 100 permits the seven about 20 kW laser beams to be transmitted and preferably continuously transmitted through, at least about 20 rotations, at least about 50 rotations, at least about 80 rotations, and more. These rotations may be in a first direction, e.g., unwinding and in the opposite direction, e.g., winding.
Turning to FIG. 1A there is shown a 1⁄4 cross sectional view of the OSR of the embodiment of FIG. 1. Optical blocks 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 are located inside of housing 103. Optical blocks 131, 129, 127, 125, 123, 121 rotate with face plate 104, and have beam channels 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138. These blocks have bearings, e.g., 156, positioned between them and the housing 103. The face plate 104 has bearing assembly 139 between it and the housing 103. Optical blocks 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 rotate with the housing 103. These optical blocks further each have a first annular window, e.g., 150, a second annular window, e.g., 151 and a spacer band, e.g., 152 having a gap, e.g., 153. These optical blocks further each have a laser beam launch channel, e.g., 154.
Thus, the embodiment of FIG. 1, as seen in FIG. 1A provides for seven independent laser beam paths, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146. Beam path 140 is on the rotation axis of the OSR 100. Beam path 140 is the only beam path that is entirely on the axis from entering the housing until passing through its rotational junction. Beam path 140 leaves connector 112, travels to reflector 163, where it is directed into the laser beam launch channel and through the gap in the spacer band and into connector 112b. Beam path 141 enters the face plate in an off-axis manner. Beam path 114 travels from connector 107 through the annular windows associated with optical block 120 to reflector 160, where it is directed into optical block 121 and reflector 161. Upon leaving reflector 161 the laser beam path is now on axis, until it reaches reflector 162 and is then directed into the beam launch channel 154, through gap 153 in spacer band 152, and into connector 107b. Thus, the transition of the beam path between rotation and non-rotating blocks occurs when the beam path, and thus the beam, is on axis, i.e., on the axis of rotation of the OSR 100, and between optical block 121 (fixed with the front plate) and 122 (fixed with the housing).
FIG. 1B is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1. Axle 170 has rotary supports, e.g., 172, and inner drive wheels, e.g., 171. The inner drive wheels rotate the optical blocks, e.g., 121, that are associated with the wheels maintain this rotation with the rotation of the front plate.
Turning to FIG. 2 there is shown a perspective view of an OSR 200. The OSR 200 that has a rotary junction 201 having a first housing 204 and a second housing 205. The first housing 204 has a high power connector 202. The second housing 205 is connected to a cover 206. The first housing and the second housing form rotation junction 201. In this manner the cover 206 section and the umbilical 202a section are rotatable with respect to each other. The cover has seven beam tubes, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236 optically and mechanically associated with it. Each beam tube has a high power connector 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, respectively, associated with it, and each connector has a high power umbilical 207a, 208a, 209a, 210a, 211a, 212a, 213a, respectively, associated with it.
A cross sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2, is shown in FIG. 2A. The housings 204 and 205 (which form the rotation junction 201) have bearings 215. The laser beam 217 traveling along laser beam path 277 leaves the connector 202 and enters an optical element, e.g., collimating lens 218, and traveling in collimated space enters transmissive and reflective optical block assembly 216. Upon entering optical block assembly 216 the laser beam 217, traveling along the laser beam path, encounters a series of partially reflective and partially transmissive surfaces 216a, 216b, 216c, 216d, 216e, 216f, and a final reflective surface 216g. For each surface a predetermined amount, e.g., power, of the laser beam 217 is reflected into the beam tubes. Thus, surface 216a reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217a into beam tube 230 and lens 218a, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217a into connector 207. The remaining laser beam 217 is transmitted through surface 216a and reaches surface 216b, where the reflecting and transmitting process is repeated. This occurs on down the line until the last surface 216g, which is completely reflective, reflects the remaining laser beam 217 into the beam tube 236, lens 218g and into the associated connector. Thus, surface 216b reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217b into beam tube 231 and lens 218b, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217b into connector 208. Surface 216c reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217c into beam tube 232 and lens 218c, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217c into connector 209. Surface 216d reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217d into beam tube 233 and lens 218d, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217d into connector 210. Surface 216e reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217e into beam tube 234 and lens 218e, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217e into connector 211. Surface 216f reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 217, as laser beam 217f into beam tube 235 and lens 218f, which focuses and launches the laser beam 217f into connector 212.
The percentage reflectance of each surface can be determined so that the incoming laser beam is split into seven laser beams of even power, or different and predetermined powers. Thus, for example, a 141 kW incoming beam could be split into seven 20 kW beams (the one lost kW accounting for losses through the optical block and lenses, and is merely provide to identify that losses in the optical block and lens assemblies in the OSR occur, and should preferably be kept to a minimum. If not, cooling means for the optical block and lens assemblies will be needed). Additionally, surface 216g may be less than completely reflective, allowing for a sensor to be placed on its other side to monitor if beam 217 travels the entire length of the optical block 216. These sensors allow for the input beam parameters to be monitored. The umbilicals in this embodiment may be, for example, high power optical fibers in a metal tube (“FIMT”). The surfaces could also be reflective and transmissive based upon specific wavelengths. In this manner the optical block and the OSR could function as a beam combiner or a beam splitter, depending upon the direction of travel of the laser beams. This would also, in certain situation, permit one channel or beam to be not operational, while the others could still be operating.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of an OSR 300 that uses the splitting optical block concept of the embodiment of FIG. 2 to also provide for monitoring of back reflections and other information on a channel, i.e., split beam path, by channel basis. The OSR 300 that has a rotary junction 301 having a first housing 304 and a second housing 305. The first housing 304 has a high power connector 302. The second housing 305 is connected to a cover 306. The first housing and the second housing form rotation junction 301. In this manner the cover 306 section and the umbilical 302a section are rotatable with respect to each other. The cover has seven beam tubes, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314 optically and mechanically associated with it. Each beam tube has a high power connector, e.g., 307, respectively, associated with it, and each connector has a high power umbilical, e.g., 307a, respectively, associated with it.
The housings 304 and 305 (which form the rotation junction 301) have bearings 315. The laser beam 317 traveling along a laser beam path leaves the connector 302 and enters an optical element, e.g., collimating lens 318, and traveling in collimated space enters transmissive and reflective optical block assembly 316. Upon entering optical block assembly 316 the laser beam 317, traveling along the laser beam path, encounters a series of partially reflective and partially transmissive surfaces 316a, 316b, 316c, 316d, 316e, 316f, and a final reflective surface 316g. For each surface a predetermined amount, e.g., power, of the laser beam 317 is reflected into the beam tubes. Thus, surface 316a reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317a into beam tube 308 and lens 318a, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317a into connector 307. The remaining laser beam 317 is transmitted through surface 316a and reaches surface 316b, where the reflecting and transmitting process is repeated. This occurs on down the line until the last surface 316g, which is completely reflective, reflects the remaining laser beam 317 into the beam tube 314, lens 318g and into the connector. Thus, surface 316b reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317b into beam tube 309 and lens 318b, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317b into the connector. Surface 316c reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317c into beam tube 310 and lens 318c, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317c into the connector. Surface 316d reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317d into beam tube 311 and lens 318d, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317d into the connector. Surface 316e reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317e into beam tube 312 and lens 318e, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317e into the connector. Surface 316f reflects a predetermined amount of laser beam 317, as laser beam 317f into beam tube 313 and lens 318f, which focuses and launches the laser beam 317f into connector 313. The umbilicals in this embodiment may be, for example, high power optical fibers in a metal tube (“FIMT”).
The reflective-transmissive surfaces, e.g., 316 provide the ability to have monitors, sensors and the like associated with them. Thus, for example, back reflections that are transmitted back up to the OSR by the umbilical would in be partially transmitted by the reflective surfaces 316a, 316b, 316c, 316d, 316e, 316f, and along monitoring beam paths 331a, 331b, 331c, 331d, 331e, 331f, respectively, through monitoring beam path optics, e.g., focusing lens, 319a, 319b, 319c, 319d, 319e, 319f, respectively, to sensors 314a, 314b, 314c, 314d, 314e, 314f respectively. Sensors are associated with data transmission assembly (e.g., optical, electric, or wireless) 320
In the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 seven umbilicals were used for illustrative purposes, and because that is the preferred number for packing in a circular configuration, based upon the size of the connector, e.g., one centered with six around it. Preferably a passively cooled connector of the type provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0011102, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, can be used. The elimination of the water cooling lines simplifies the configuration of the system, increases reliability, and provides for potentially a smaller size OSR. Commercially available high power water cooled connectors may also be used. It should further be understood that more or less umbilicals may be used.
In FIG. 4 there is provided a conveyance structure handling apparatus 400 having a housing 420 and an opening 421. Apparatus 400 has an assembly 421 for winding and unwinding the high power conveyance structure 410. The assembly 421 has roller 422, 423. In this embodiment the structure is stored in a helix 425 that can be unwound and rewound as the tool is deployed and recovered. The distal end of the conveyance structure has a connecting apparatus 430, which could be a fiber that is fused to a fiber in a tool or other laser equipment, a fiber termination coupled to mechanical connecting means, a commercially available high power water cooled connecter, or more preferably a connector of the type provided in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0011102, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The proximal end 440 may be optically associated with a high power laser source. This type of device could be mounted with the laser as a modular system, an integrated system, a unified mobile system, or separate from and optically associable with a high power laser or laser cabin.
In FIG. 5 there is provided a prospective cutaway view of an embodiment of a wrapping type optical coupling rotation assembly (“ORCA”). In general, ORCAs enable the high power laser energy to be transmitted across a rotation junction without requiring the beam to be launched through free space, e.g., the laser beam can be transmitted across a rotating junction while remaining within the optical fiber or other total internal reflection optical transmission structure.
The ORCA 5000 has an outer housing 5001 that is affixed to plate 5002. An inner shaft member or central support 5007 is affixed to plate 5003. Two high power laser umbilicals 5004, 5006, e.g., optical fibers in protective outer coverings, enter plate 5003 through cable feed through assembly 5011. Plate 5003 and shaft 5007 rotate together and plate 5002 and outer housing 5001 rotate together. Inside of the outer housing 5001 and around shaft 5007 is wrap assembly section 5008. Wrap assembly section 5008 is made up of many links, e.g., 5009, 5010. There is also a second cable feed through 5012, 5001 and a second plate 5003.
In FIG. 5A there is shown a perspective view of the wrap assembly section 5008, and the center axis 5013 around which the wrap is positioned. One, two, three, four or more of these wrap sections may be joined together in this embodiment of an ORCA to provide for a greater number of revolutions, and thus, longer deployment distance from an associated umbilical real. In FIGS. 5B and 5C there are shown the two rotating components of the ORCA 5000. The plate-shaft assembly 5003-5007 are shown with respect to the axis 5013. On the inner surface of plate 5003 there are PTFE (Teflon®) bearings 5018, 5019, 5020. These bearings engage the inner surface 5022 of outer housing 5001 and provide for smooth rotation. Bolt 5017 holds assembly 5003-5007 axially in place with respect to assembly 5001-5002, while still allowing relative rotation between 5007 and 5002. Bolt holes, e.g., 5021 are provided for attaching the ORCA, and in particular the rotation assembly 5003-5007 to a reel having the deployment umbilical. The plate-outer housing assembly 5002-5001 has bolt holes 5016 to affix the assembly and manage reaction torque as the components are rotated. Turning to FIGS. 5D, 5E and 5F there are provided perspective view of the linkages in the wrap section, and a diagram showing their preferred geometry. The link 5009, is shown with umbilicals 5004, 5006 positioned in the link. The link 5009 forms a trapezoidal tray 5023 that holds the fibers and other cables or conveyance structures. Base 2024 has a long side wall 5025 and a short side wall 5030, which are connected to the base 5024 short side 5026 and the base 5024 long side 5025 respectively. The tray 5023 has angled sides 5027, 5027 for connecting to an adjacent link. FIG. 5G provides a diagram and formula for determining an example of the shape of the tray and its angled sides. During operation, a multitude of trapezoidal trays 5023 form an approximation of a conical frustrum. The geometry of the frustrum in addition to other parameters, predetermines the minimum bend radius that the umbilicals 5004 and 5006 will experience during operation. One, two, three, four or more of these conical frustrum wrap sections may be joined together in this embodiment of an ORCA to provide for a greater number of revolutions, and thus, longer deployment distance from an associated umbilical real.
The short side wall 5030 has pins 5041, 5040 and holes 5060, 5061. These holes and pins are used to connect the tray 5023 to connecting hinge plate 5031. Bolts 5042, 5043 extend through holes 5032, 5061 and 5033, 5061 when the hinge is positioned with links (see FIG. 5D). Holes 5045 and 5046 are used to hold tie down bar 5044. Hinge plate 5031 has a first arcuate cut out 5034, and a second arcuate cut out 5035, which function with pins 5041, 5040. Surface 5036, 5037 of arcuate cut outs 5034, 5035, engage the pins, e.g., 5041, 5040.
Self-aligning high power OSRs overcome the problems of contamination, e.g., dirt in the high power laser beam path, that can occur when adjustments are made, and in particular when adjustments are made in the field. Further, adjustment mechanisms, because they are adjustable, by their nature go out of adjustment over time and with use, which can be problematic in high power regimes. For example, a 20 kW laser beam that moves out of alignment by only a few microns can destroy the entire OSR. Thus, these self-aligning embodiments overcome these problems. (ORCAs also overcome these problems, because the beam is kept contained in the optical fiber through the rotation junction.) By self-aligning it is meant that the optical components are configured in the OSR such that no adjustment mechanisms are necessary after the OSR has been assembled and sealed. Thus, as assembled in the OSR the optical components are aligned to transmit high power laser energy, e.g., 10 kW, 20 kW, 50 kW or more, across the free space of a rotation junction. During use and through multiple revolutions in one direction of rotation and then in the other, and under environment conditions and vibrations, the optical components remain aligned, without the need for adjustment.
Thus, for example, an self aligning OSR may have the following operating parameters of Table I (below) and remain self aligning over that entire range of parameters.
















Max Laser power
20 kW



Wavelength
1060-1080 nm



NA
.2-.24



Max loss
2%



Max operational
5G rms



vibration



Shock
9G



Temperature
0-140 F.



Humidity
0-100%










Turning to FIGS. 6A and 6B there is provided an embodiment of a self-aligning high power OSR 600, having optical assembly 680 for receiving the high power laser beam from the laser, and optics assembly 681 which rotates and launches the high power laser beam from the OSR 600. Optics assembly 680 has an umbilical, e.g., shielded optical fiber 682 and an associated strain relief clamp 621. Optical assembly 681 has an umbilical, e.g., shielded optical fiber 683 and an associated strain relief clamp 627. Housing 601 has a first end that is attached to back plate 613 having a back plate surface 684 and a second end that is attached to optics assembly 680. The housing 601 is attached to and supported by frame 614 of base 625. Back plate 684 and housing 601 are fixed to base 625, which preferably does not rotate. Front plate 606 rotates. The OSR has cooling lines 685, 686, 671, 626, 672, 603, electric lines, e.g., 617 electrical or sensor inputs or connectors 650, 651, 652, (the fourth connector 652a is obscured from view in FIG. 6A), electrical or sensor outputs or connectors 607, 653, 655, 654, as well as, pins 657, 656, (which can be used to engage a reel) and ports 688, 689, which are associated with a manifold 687.
Further, thermal lensing affects may be avoided by using materials such as Suprasil.
Turning to FIGS. 6C and 6D there are provided cross sectional views of OSR 600 along lines C-C and D-D of FIG. 6B, respectively. Thus, the OSR has a housing 601 that is fixed to back plate 684. The other, i.e., non-high power, slip ring components, such as electrical, data, fluid, are positioned on the interior of back plate 684 and between back plate 684 and rotating plate 606. Thus contained in the area between the back plate 684 and the rotating plate 606 are an electrical slip ring 612, a rotating plate 605 for a fluid slip ring and a stationary plate 613 that together make up a fluid slip ring. The main rotary plate 606 has a preload nut 615, and bearings 616, 611, which are on an optical tube body 608 connected to the rotary plate 606. A rotary seal 604 is provided for the fluid slip ring.
The path of the laser beam through the OSR and the rotation junction is as follows. A fiber connector 620 is optically associated with fiber 682 and is positioned in body 623 of optics assembly 680. A strain relief housing 622 surrounds a portion of the connector 620. The fiber connector 620 launches high power laser beam 690 along a beam path toward non-rotating optic 692. Optic 692 collimates the laser beam and launches the collimated beam 693 across the rotational junction and to the rotating optic 694, which focuses the laser beam 696 into the receiving fiber connector 620a that is in optical tube body 608 of rotating optics assembly 681. Ledges 692 and 695 hold optics 692 and 694 respectively.
To obtain a self-aligning OSR all key tolerances in the system must be analyzed, and optimized, to provide for the laser beam 696 to be targeted in correct location and within a predetermined acceptable limit. These tolerances include, for example, mechanical component manufacturing tolerances, optical component tolerances, worst case NA, worst case thermal effects, worst case vibration effects, and others. These tolerances are then evaluated under a Monte Carlo analysis, and as seen in FIG. 6E provide distribution curve 651 of likely spot size variability. A predetermined point is selected 650 at which a remainder 652 of variability is acceptable. As long as the total system remains below line 650 the OSR will be self-aligning. Thus, for example, line 650 represents the receiving fiber Ø, and the amount of the curve to the right of 650 is the risk of the OSR not working.
In FIG. 7 there is provided an embodiment of a handling apparatus that is configured to provide figure-8 looped wraps. This configuration does not require an optical slip ring and does not place twist in the conveyance structure. Thus, in FIG. 7 there is provided a figure-8 looping apparatus 712 having a base 701. The base has two wrapping posts 705, 706. The umbilical, e.g., a conveyance structure 702 has a proximal end 703, which may be connected to a high power laser or laser cabin, and a distal end 704, which is paid out and may be associated with a laser tool. As shown in FIG. 7, the conveyance structure is formed into several figure-8 loops, one located above the next. Thus, for purpose of illustration, four such loops are shown: a first loop 707 which is lowest and adjacent the base 701; a second loop 708, which is generally above the first loop 707, a third loop 709, which is generally above the second loop 708, and a fourth loop 710, which is generally above the third loop 709. Although four loops are shown, it is understood that for a conveyance structure a km or longer, many more, hundreds and potentially thousands, of such figure-8 loops will be present.
In FIG. 8 there is provided a perspective view of a ratchet type optical transmission system 800 for transmitting laser energy across a rotation junction. One one side of the drum 802 there are seven connectors, e.g., 803, 805, 807, that have high power optical fibers e.g., 808, 806, 804 associated with them. On the other side of drum 802 are also seven connectors, e.g., 809, 811, that have high power laser fibers, e.g., 810, 812 associated with them. Turning to FIG. 8A, which shows a cross section of the transmission device 800, two rotating discs 813, 814, are positioned within the drum 802 and supported by bearing assemblies 830, 812. The drum 802 is held by support 801.
In operation the laser beams are fired and travel along laser beam paths, e.g., 818, 816 that travel through openings, e.g., 815, 817 in the disks. In operation disks 814 and 813 rotate together as the laser beams are fired, when the disks have rotated to a point where the twisting of the fibers is at a predetermined maximum, the outer lasers, e.g., 816, are shut off, and the disks whose fibers are attached to the laser (or other non-rotating component of the system) is rotated in the reverse direction to relieve the stress from twisting. When the reverse rotation is taking place, the other disk can continue to rotate in a forward direction, additionally the center laser beam 817 can continue to be fired. Once the twisting stress has been released, the two disks can then rotate together with all lasers firing.
Turning to FIG. 9 there is shown a cutaway perspective view of a ratchet type optical transmission system 900 for transmitting laser energy across a rotation junction. The system 900 has frame 902 that supports a non-rotating disc 903 and a rotating disc 914. Disc 903 has five fibers and connectors, e.g., 904, 905 associated with it. Disc 914, which rotates, has six optical fibers and connectors, e.g., 911, 913, 910 associated with it, and a receptacle 908, 909, 912 associated with each. In operation as disc 914 rotates the mechanism 906 will move socket 907, having a connector 905 from one receptacle 908 to an adjacent receptacle 909. During the movement of the socket the laser beam for that particular connector will have to be turned off, leaving the other four lasers to be fired. This process can then be repeated over again in a step wise operation where at least four laser beams are always firing as the rotation disc 914 is rotated. FIG. 9A is a detailed perspective view of the ratchet mechanism without the frame 902 and non-rotating disc 903.
Generally the reels that may be used with the rotational junction transmission devices can be for example any reel that has a laser umbilical wound around its axle or central hub so that the umbilical is capable of being unwound, e.g., deployed, from the reel and wound onto the reel, e.g., retrieved. The umbilicals may have lengths of greater than about 0.5 km, about 1 km, about 2 km, about 3 km and greater and may have: a core; a cladding; a coating; a first protective layer; and, a second protective layer as well as other passages and wires. The umbilicals may be capable of transmitting high power laser energy for its length with a power loss of less than about 2 dB/km and more preferably less than about 1 dB/km and still more preferably less than about 0.5 dB/km and yet more preferably about 0.3 dB/km. The outer diameter of the reel when wound is preferably less than about 6 m (meters) to facilitate transporting of the spool by truck.
An embodiment of an OSR incorporated into the hollow axle of a spool has the spool in a configuration that has a hollow central axis, or such an axis is associated with the spool, where the optical power is transmitted to the input end of the optical fiber, e.g., as shown in FIG. 11. The beam will be launched down the center of the spool, the spool rides on precision bearings in either a horizontal or vertical orientation to prevent any tilt of the spool as the fiber is spooled out. It is optimal for the axis of the spool to maintain an angular tolerance of about +/−10 micro-radians, which is preferably obtained by having the optical axis isolated and/or independent from the spool axis of rotation. The beam when launched into the fiber is launched by a lens which is rotating with the fiber at the Fourier Transform plane of the launch lens, which is insensitive to movement in the position of the lens with respect the laser beam, but sensitive to the tilt of the incoming laser beam. The beam, which is launched in the fiber, is launched by a lens that is stationary with respect to the fiber at the Fourier Transform plane of the launch lens, which is insensitive to movement of the fiber with respect to the launch lens. The spool's outer plate may be mounted to the spool support using a Delrin plate, while the inner plate floats on the spool and pins rotate the assembly. The optical fiber slip ring is attached to the stationary fiber, and communicates power across the rotating spool hub to the rotating fiber.
A general type of spool embodiment is to use a stationary spool similar to a creel and rotate the distal end of the structure or the laser tool attached to the distal end of the fiber in the structure, as the conveyance structure spools out to keep the conveyance structure and thus the fiber from twisting as it is extracted from the spool. The fiber can be designed to accept a reasonable amount of twist along its length. Using this type of the approach if the conveyance structure, and thus, the fiber could be pre-twisted around the spool then as the conveyance structure and the fiber are extracted from the spool, the conveyance structure straightens out and there is no need for the fiber and in particular its distal end to be rotated as the conveyance structure is paid out. There may be a series of tensioners that can suspend the fiber down the hole, or if the hole is filled with water to extract the debris from the bottom of the hole, then the fiber can be encased in a buoyant casing that will support the weight of the fiber and its casing the entire length of the hole. In the situation where the distal end does not rotate and the fiber is twisted and placed under twisting strain, there will be the further benefit of reducing SBS.
A further illustration of an optical connection for a rotation spool is provided in FIG. 10, wherein there is illustrated a spool 1000 and a support 1001 for the spool 1000. The spool 1000 is rotatable mounted to the support 1001 by load bearing bearings 1002. An input optical cable 1003, which transmits a laser beam from a laser source (not shown in this figure) to an optical coupler 1005. The laser beam exits the connector 1005 and passes through optics 1009 and 1010 into optical coupler 1006, which is optically connected to an output optical cable 1004. The optical coupler 1005 is mounted to the spool by a preferably non-load bearing 1008 (e.g., the bearing 1008 is not carrying, or is isolated or at least partially isolated from, the weight of the spool assembly), while coupler 1006 is mounted to the spool by device 1007 in a manner that provides for its rotation with the spool. In this way as the spool is rotated, the weight of the spool and coiled tubing is supported by the load bearing bearings 1002, while the rotatable optical coupling assembly allows the laser beam to be transmitted from cable 1003 which does not rotate to cable 1004 which rotates with the spool.
A cross sectional view of an embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device used with a spool of coiled tubing 1109 is shown in FIG. 11. The device has two rotating coupling assemblies 1113. One of said coupling assemblies has an optical rotating coupling assemblies 1102 and the other has a fluid rotating coupling assemblies 1103. The optical rotating coupling assemblies 1102 can be in the same structure as the fluid rotating coupling assemblies 1103 or they can be separate. Thus, preferably, two separate coupling assemblies are employed. Additional rotating coupling assemblies may also be added to handle other cables, such as for example cables for downhole probes.
The optical rotating coupling assembly 1102 is connected to a hollow precision ground axle 1104 with bearing surfaces 1105, 1106. The laser transmission assemblies 1108 is optically coupled to the hollow axle 1104 by optical rotating coupling assemblies 1102, which permits the laser beam to be transmitted from the laser transmission assemblies 1108 into the hollow axle 1104. The optical rotating coupling assemblies for example may be made up of a QBH connector, a precision collimator, and a rotation stage, for example a Precitec collimator through a Newport rotation stage to another Precitec collimator and to a QBH collimator. To the extent that excessive heat builds up in the optical rotating coupling cooling should be applied to maintain the temperature at a desired level.
The hollow axle 1104 then transmits the laser beam to an opening 1107 in the hollow axle 1104, which opening contains an optical coupler 1110 that optically connects the hollow axle 1104 to the long distance high power laser beam transmission assemblies 1125 that may be located inside of a tubing 1112. Thus, in this way the laser transmission assemblies 1108, the hollow axle 1104 and the long distance high power laser beam transmission assemblies 1125 are rotatably optically connected, so that the laser beam can be transmitted from the laser to the long distance high power laser beam transmission assemblies 1125.
Turning to FIGS. 12 and 12A there is shown an embodiment of an OSR 1200. The OSR 1200 has a housing 1201 that has a non-rotating plate 1202, which is bolted to the housing 1201. The plate 1202 has fluid fittings, e.g., 1206 and an electrical connector 1210. There is a non-rotating optical assembly face 1204 that has a fitting for a connector 1203, and fluid fittings, e.g., 1205. On the rotating side 1230, there are fluid fittings, e.g., 1205a, a rotating receptacle 1204 for a connector. The laser beam path 1208 travels from receptacle 1203 to receptacle 1204. An electrical line 1207 is also provided. A light detector or other type of sensor 1240 may be positioned in the area where the laser beam is in free space in the rotational junction. This sensor can be used to monitor the conditions of the OSR, laser beam and potentially the laser operation and down stream parameters. Cooling chambers 1245a and 1245b are a series of drilled holes that encompass the optical assemblies. Cooling chamber 1245a is non-rotating and cooling chamber 1245b is rotating. These cooling chambers may have a flowing fluid such as water, other cooling liquids and well as additives to e.g., prevent freezing. They may also have solid materials that readily transmit heat for the area, such as copper rods or they may use heat pipes.
Turning to FIGS. 13 and 13A there is shown an OSR 1300 that has a non-rotating housing 1301, having cooling fluid ports, e.g, 1306 and an optical assembly body 1302. The OSR 1300 has a rotating plate 1303, with fluid ports, e.g., 1306, 1307. There is also provided a fluid slip ring 1320 and an electrical slip ring 1322. The rotating plate 1303 has a non-rotating cap 1321. A lens spacer 1323 is used in this embodiment. There is also provided a ledge 1325 for the positioning of a monitoring fiber (not shown) that is preferably generally parallel to the laser beam and beam path 1350, to detect back reflections. There is a temperature sensor 1326, and a beam monitoring sensor 1305. There is further provided an annulus 1324 for the placement of a desiccant, as well as to provide water sealing and other environmental protections. This monitoring system may also be designed and configured to provide cut verification.
An embodiment of a rotational junction transmission device to pay out and retrieve, or for extending and retrieving, the umbilical is a stationary spool or creel. As illustrated, by way of example, in FIGS. 14A and 14B there is provided a creel 1409 that is stationary and which contains coiled within the long distance high power laser beam transmission means 1425. That means is connected to the laser beam transmission umbilical 1408, which is connected to the laser (not shown in this figure). In this way the laser beam may be transmitted into the long distance high power laser beam transmission fiber associated with, or being, the umbilical and that structure may be deployed down a borehole, or to a remote location where the high power laser energy may be utilized, by for example a high power laser tool. The long distance high power laser beam transmission umbilical may be for example, a coiled tubing, line structure, or composite tube, on the creel. The optical fiber associated therewith may preferably be an armored optical fiber of the type provided herein. In using the creel consideration should be given to the fact that the umbilical and thus the optical fiber will be twisted when it is deployed. To address this consideration the distal end of the fiber, the umbilical, the bottom hole assembly, or the laser tool, may be slowly rotated to keep the optical cable untwisted, the umbilical may be pre-twisted, the umbilical and optical fiber may be designed to tolerate the twisting and combinations and variations of these.
In FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C there is provided an embodiment of a handling apparatus. In this embodiment a reverse wrap conveying structure is utilized. Thus, there is a reverse wrap conveying structure 1500 having a first preformed helical section 1501, a second helical section 1502, which is an opposite helix from the first. These sections are connected by a flip back hinge like section 1503. Several passages may be contained within this structure, for example a high pressure air conduit 1505, a high power laser fiber 1506, an electrical cable 1507, and a monitoring laser fiber 1508. The hardware and outer components for this type of reverse wrap conveying structure may be obtained from Igus, under the trade name TWISTERBAND. This type of reverse wrap conveying structure is an example of a conveying structure that can also function as a handling apparatus.
Turning to FIG. 16 there is shown a schematic for the integration of a rotational junction transmission assembly 1614 into or with a laser system, and preferably a field laser system. The laser 1601 provides energy transfer 1605 to the assembly 1614 and is in data/information communication 1606 with the assembly 1614. A chiller 1602 is in material exchange 1607, e.g., cooling water, with the assembly 1614. A reel 1603 is physically touching 1607 the assembly 1614. A data acquisition system 1604 is in data/information communication 1609 with the assembly 1614. The umbilical 1610 is in physical contact 1613, energy transfer 1612, and data/information communication 1611 with the assembly 1614. The assembly 1614 includes a input connector 1624, optics 1625, electrical connections 1624, fluid connections 1627, an electrical slip ring 1628, a fluid slip ring 1629, bearings 1623, external seals 1622, diagnostic fiber 1621, real mount 1620, output connector 1619, additional diagnostics 1618, internal seals 1617, and fluid cooling 1616. An OSR is used by way of example, in this FIG. 16, but could be an ORCA or any of the other rotational junction transmission devices of this specification.
Turning to FIG. 17 there is provided an embodiment of a lens mounting assembly for providing alignment free optics. The lens 1702 is positioned in body 1701. Spacer 1704 is shaped with a surface that tracks the shape of the lens 1702 and held in place by retaining member, spring, 1709 and locking member 1705. The laser beam 1706 travels along a beam path, which includes free space 1708.
Turning to FIG. 18 there is provided an OSR assembly having a lens 1801 spacer 1820 and a second lens 1802. The beam path 1807 and direction 1803 of the forward propagating beam is shown. In this embodiment a fiber 1804 is used as a back reflection monitor or detection device. Turning to FIG. 18A the fiber face 1825 is located near to, and preferably adjacent the back 1805 of lens 1801, but out side of the beam path and beam 1807. In this manner if back reflections emanate from lens 1802, in the direction of lens 1801 they will enter the fiber face 1825 and go into the fiber 1804 where they can be detected by a suitable monitor.
Turning to FIG. 19 there is provided a OSR having a connector receptacles 1910, 1901, metering tubes 1909, 1902 (for setting or adjusting the focal length), a lens cell 1908 that is positioned against a metering tube 1909. A flange 1923 is also provided. The lens cell is held in place by screw 1923. There are provided bearings 1907, 1905 that provide for the rotation of housing 1906 with respect to shaft 1904. There is also provided a sensor 1925 and a locking means 1924 for lens cell 1903. Turing to FIG. 19A there is shown an alignment and adjustment mechanism 1920 having alignment nobs 1922 and 1921 for aligning the lens cell, before the OSR is completely assembled. In this embodiment there is also provide a shim to adjust focus.
Turing to FIG. 20 there is provided a section 2002 of an OSR having a connector receptacle 2001 an inner tube 2003, an outer tube 2004, which is biased against inner tube 2003 by wave spring 2007. The outer tube 2004 has a lens cell 2006. The relative positions of inner tube 2003 and outer tube 2004 can be adjusted by focus adjustment assembly 2005. Thus, as the inner tube is move in and out the focus can be changed and adjusted.
Turning to FIG. 21 there is provided an OSR having a Risley prism adjustment mechanism. Thus, the assembly has a first lens cell 2100 that can rotate with respect to the second lens cell 2101. A Risley prism assembly, having a first prism 2109, a second prism 2108 and adjustment knobs 2107 and 2106 is located between the lens cells. By adjusting the knobs the positions of the Risley prisms are changed and the laser beams path can be adjusted or directed. Housing 2013 has bearings 2105, and 2104 to facilitate rotation.
Turning to FIG. 22 there is provided an embodiment of a bore sight OSR. In this embodiment the laser beam is not in collimated space as it crosses the rotational junction. Thus, OSR has a connector receptacle 2201 a diagnostics passage 2203, an optics package 2208, which receives and focuses the laser beam 2209 toward connector receptacle 2207. An electronic and fluid slip ring assembly 2204 is provided. Bearing assemblies 2205 permits the rotating plate 2206 having the connector receptacle 2207 to rotate with respect to the focused laser beam 2209. In this embodiment the fluid and electrical slip ring assemblies have there own bearings, so that they do not affect optical performance.
Turning to FIG. 23 there is shown an embodiment of a section of an OSR. The connector receptacle 2304 has optical baffles 2303 that are associated with the laser beam path 2310. The connector receptacle 2304 is held in position by spring 2305 and aluminum member 2312 and steel member 2311, which join at interface 2302 and collectively provide for athermlization (along with the specific determination of the angle at which they meet) over a specified temperature range. There is a lens cell 2307 that is located in body 2301. Body 2301 has a fluid flow passage 2309 that is fed by fluid ports, e.g., 2306. There is a baffle 2350 positioned in the fluid flow passage to increase dwell time of the cooling fluid, and improve the movement of the fluid through the cooling fluid flow passage by requiring it to take have a longer flow path.
In FIG. 24, there is provided an embodiment of an OSR 2404 that has a partially reflective and transmissive optical element 2410 that is placed in the laser beam path. This element 2410 will reflect back reflected light to lens 2408 which focused the back reflected light on detector 2409 with sends a signal along a wire 2407. There is also provided a fluid slip ring 2411 and an electrical slip ring 2401. The direction of the forward propagating laser beam path is shown by arrow 2450.
In FIG. 25 there is provided an embodiment of an OSR 2506 that has a partially reflective and transmissive optical element 2503 that is placed in the laser beam path. The element 2503 will reflect back reflected light into a reflective element 2502 that directs the back reflected light to a lens 2510 and a detector 2509. The direction of the forward propagating laser beam is shown by arrow 2550. There is also provided a fluid slip ring 2508 and fluid ports 2511, 2501 and an electrical slip ring 2504 with electrical lines 2505, 2507.
In FIG. 26 there is provided an embodiment of an OSR 2601 that has a partially reflective and transmissive optical element 2606 that is place in the laser beam path. The element 2606 will reflect back reflected light into lens 2607 which focuses the back reflect light to sensor assembly 2607. The direction of the forward propagating laser beam is shown by arrow 2650.
In FIG. 27 there is provided an embodiment of an OSR 2701 that has a partially reflective and transmissive optical element 2706 that is place in the laser beam path. The element 2706 will reflect back reflected light into lens 2707 which focuses the back reflect light to a reflector 2708, which then directs the back reflected light to a sensor 2709. The direction of the forward propagating laser beam is shown by arrow 2750.
Turning to FIG. 28 there is provided an embodiment of an ORCA utilizing a dual drum assembly. The ORCA 2800 has a first drum 2801 and a second drum 2802. Drum 2801 is attached to plate 2822 and is fixed, e.g., it does not rotate. Drum 2802 rotates and rotates at the same speed as the umbilical deployment reel (not shown in the figure). The umbilical 2803 enters the plate 2822 and wraps around stationary drum 2801. The umbilical then goes over the revolving arm assembly 2805 having rollers 2806, 2807. A gear box 2808 provide for the revolving arm assembly 2805 to revolve in the same direction as rotating drum 2802 but to do so at a slower speed. Thus, for example, if rotating drum were to make 2 complete rotations, revolving arm assembly would have made 1 complete rotation. This has the effect of unwinding the umbilical from stationary drum 2801 and winding it onto rotating drum 2802 while that drum is rotating. (Similarly if revolving and rotating in the other direction the umbilical 2803 will be unwrapped from drum 2802 and wrapped onto drum 2803). Further, while this wrapping process is occurring on drum 2802 the length 2804 of umbilical 2803 extending out from opening 2809 does not change; and this length is rotating (e.g., the direction of arrow 2811, which is showing retrieval) around axis 2810, which axis is also the axis of the umbilical deployment reel. Thus, end 2812 of the umbilical does not rotate and end 2804 of the umbilical rotates, without the need for the laser beam to be launched through free space. FIG. 28A shows a more detailed cut away view of the umbilical 2803, as having five FIMTs.
The relative speeds of the revolving arm assembly and the rotating drum can vary as needed, in accordance with the anticipated speed of the deployment reel, the length of the deployment umbilical, the bending capability of the umbilical and the optical fibers, the relative diameters of the drums, and other considerations. However, it should be noted that when the diameter of two drums are the same the revolving arm must be twice as fast as the rotating drum, i.e., when the drum makes one rotation, the arm as revolved around twice.
In FIG. 29 there is shown an embodiment of a two drum ORCA having an embodiment of the revolving arm assembly with a level winder mechanism. The OCRA 2900 has a stationary drum 2901, a rotating drum 2902, and a revolving arm assembly 2903. The revolving arm assembly 2903 has a gearbox housing 2904, an arm 2905 and a winder mechanism 2906, which is driven by belt 2907. The revolving arm assembly 2903 also has roller guide mechanisms 2920, 2921. Thus, as the umbilical is wound to and from the drums 2901, 2902 the winder mechanism 2906 moves the guide mechanisms back and forth so as to evenly, or uniformly, wind and unwind the umbilical from the drums. This prevents bunching and tangling of the umbilical during the winding and unwinding process. A more detailed view of the winding mechanism 2906 is provided in FIG. 29A. A more detailed view of roller guide mechanism 2920 is provided in FIG. 29B, where there are four guide wheels 2970, 2971, 2972, 2973 held between plates 2974, 2975. The gear box assembly 2930 is shown in FIG. 29C (with the gear box housing 2904 and the tensioner assembly 2940 not shown). A tensioner assembly 2940 is shown in FIG. 29D. This assembly has a series of wound band springs, e.g., 2941 that provide tension during winding and unwinding so as to keep the rotations and revolutions under control. The tensioner assembly 2940 also provides a rotational reserve capacity that allows for differential winding of stationary drum 2901 and rotating drum 2902 as needed due to the fact that a full reel has a slightly larger diameter than an empty reel.
The rotational junction transmission devices, e.g., a rotating coupler, an OSR, an ORCA, a ratchet type optical transmission system, and others may find applications in activities such as: off-shore activities; subsea activities; decommissioning structures such as, oil rigs, oil platforms, offshore platforms, factories, nuclear facilities, nuclear reactors, pipelines, bridges, etc.; cutting and removal of structures in refineries; civil engineering projects and construction and demolitions; concrete repair and removal; mining; surface mining; deep mining; rock and earth removal; surface mining; tunneling; making small diameter bores; oil field perforating; oil field fracking; well completion; window cutting; well decommissioning; well workover; precise and from a distance in-place milling and machining; heat treating; drilling and advancing boreholes; workover and completion; flow assurance; and, combinations and variations of these and other activities and operations.
A single high power laser may be utilized in the system, tools and operations, or there may be two or three high power lasers, or more. High power solid-state lasers, specifically semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers are preferred, because of their short start up time and essentially instant-on capabilities. The high power lasers for example may be fiber lasers, disk lasers or semiconductor lasers having 5 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW, 50 kW, 80 kW or more power and, which emit laser beams with wavelengths in the range from about 455 nm (nanometers) to about 2100 nm, preferably in the range about 400 nm to about 1600 nm, about 400 nm to about 800 nm, 800 nm to about 1600 nm, about 1060 nm to 1080 nm, 1530 nm to 1600 nm, 1800 nm to 2100 nm, and more preferably about 1064 nm, about 1070-1080 nm, about 1360 nm, about 1455 nm, 1490 nm, or about 1550 nm, or about 1900 nm (wavelengths in the range of 1900 nm may be provided by Thulium lasers). An example of this general type of fiber laser is the IPG YLS-20000. The detailed properties of which are disclosed in U.S. patent application Publication No. 2010/0044106. Thus, by way of example, there is contemplated the use of four, five, or six, 20 kW lasers to provide a laser beam having a power greater than about 60 kW, greater than about 70 kW, greater than about 80 kW, greater than about 90 kW and greater than about 100 kW. One laser may also be envisioned to provide these higher laser powers.
The various embodiments of rotational junction transmission devices, e.g., a rotating coupler, an OSR, an ORCA, a ratchet type optical transmission system, and others set forth in this specification may be used with various high power laser systems and conveyance structures and systems, in addition to those embodiments of the Figures and Examples in this specification. For example, embodiments of rotational junction transmission devices, e.g., a rotating coupler, an OSR, an ORCA, a ratchet type optical transmission system, and others may be used for, in, or with, the systems, lasers, tools and methods disclosed and taught in the following US patent applications and patent application publications: Publication No. 2010/0044106; Publication No. 2010/0215326; Publication No. 2012/0275159; Publication No. 2010/0044103; Publication No. 2012/0267168; Publication No. 2012/0020631; Publication No. 2013/0011102; Publication No. 2012/0217018; Publication No. 2012/0217015; Publication No. 2012/0255933; Publication No. 2012/0074110; Publication No. 2012/0068086; Publication No. 2012/0273470; Publication No. 2012/0067643; Publication No. 2012/0266803; Ser. No. 61/745,661; and Ser. No. 61/727,096, the entire disclosure of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments of rotational junction transmission devices, e.g., a rotating coupler, an OSR, an ORCA, a ratchet type optical transmission system, and others may also be used with: other high power laser systems that may be developed in the future; and with existing non-high power laser systems, which may be modified, in-part, based on the teachings of this specification, to create a high power laser system. Further, the various embodiments of devices systems, tools, activities and operations set forth in this specification may be used with each other in different and various combinations. Thus, for example, the configurations provided in the various embodiments of this specification may be used with each other; and the scope of protection afforded the present inventions should not be limited to a particular embodiment, configuration or arrangement that is set forth in a particular embodiment, example, or in an embodiment in a particular Figure.
The invention may be embodied in other forms than those specifically disclosed herein without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.

## Claims

1. A rotational junction transmission device for transmitting very high power laser energy, the device comprising:
a. a housing having a first end and a second end;
b. a first plate rotatably affixed to the first end of the housing, and a second plate affixed to the second end of the housing, wherein the first and second plates and the housing define a rotation junction there between;
c. a means for transferring a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power across the rotation junction: and,
d. wherein the means for transferring comprises a pair of optical blocks, wherein each pair of optical blocks is optically associated with a laser beam path, whereby the optical block pair is capable of transmitting the laser beam across a rotation junction; and wherein at least one of the pair of optical blocks passes through a second laser beam path.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the means for transferring comprises at least four high power laser couplers.

3. A rotational function transmission device for transmitting very high power laser energy, the device comprising:
a. a housing having a first end and a second end;
b. a first plate rotatably affixed to the first end of the housing, and a second plate affixed to the second end of the housing, wherein the first and second plates and the housing define a rotation junction there between;
c. a means for transferring a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power across the rotation junction; and,
d. wherein the means for transferring comprises an optical block having a plurality of transmissive reflective surfaces with in the block.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the optical block has at least four transmissive reflective surfaces and each surface is optically associated with a high power optical fiber.

5. A rotational function transmission device for transmitting very high power laser energy, the device comprising:
a. a housing having a first end and a second end;
b. a first plate rotatably affixed to the first end of the housing, and a second plate affixed to the second end of the housing, wherein the first and second plates and the housing define a rotation junction there between;
c. a means for transferring a laser beam having at least about 20 kW of power across the rotation junction; and,
d. wherein the means for transferring comprises a ratchet mechanism.