FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

APRIL 2, 2010

JOHN LEY

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 09-13652

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket Nos. 08-02134-CV-AR-S, 02-81388-JAC-7

IN RE: SCOTT A. MCDONALD,

DENISE L. MCDONALD,

Debtors.

___________________________________________

SCOTT A. MCDONALD,

DENISE L. MCDONALD,

Plaintiffs-Appellees,

Cross-Appellants,

versus

REDSTONE FEDERAL CREDIT UNION,

Defendant-Appellant,

Cross-Appellee.

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Appeals from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Alabama

________________________

(April 2, 2010)
Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and COX, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

This dispute over approximately $7,000 between the creditor, Redstone Federal

Credit Union, and debtors, Scott A. McDonald and Denise L. McDonald, comes to

this court after seven years of on-and-off litigation. The following is a summary of

the numerous judicial and collateral proceedings involving this controversy, taken

from both the bankruptcy and district courts’ opinions.

(1) On August 24, 2001, after the District Court of Madison County had

entered a default judgment against McDonald, Redstone recorded a judgment of

$6,819.28 against McDonald in the Probate Office of Madison County, Alabama,

pursuant to ALA. CODE §§ 6-9-210 and 6-9-211 (1975). On this date, McDonald

owned a one-half undivided interest with his wife, Denise Lynn McDonald, in a

property in which they resided in Madison County that is the subject of this action. 

(2) On March 25, 2002, the McDonalds filed a Chapter 7 petition in the

Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Alabama. The McDonalds listed their

homestead as exempt property, stating that its value was $68,000, with secured claims

against the property totaling $58,594.59. In Schedule F, the McDonalds listed

Redstone as an unsecured creditor and noted that Redstone had a judgment against

McDonald for $7,555.18. Redstone did not object to any claim of exemption under

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Bankruptcy Rule 4003, nor did McDonald move to avoid Redstone’s judgment lien

under 11 U.S.C. § 522(f). The bankruptcy court granted the McDonalds Chapter 7

discharge on July 22, 2002, and closed the case. 

(3) On September 3, 2003, the McDonalds moved to reopen their bankruptcy

case in order to file a motion to avoid Redstone’s judgment lien. Redstone objected,

arguing that it made McDonald aware of the judgment while the case was pending. 

The court denied McDonald’s motion based on the doctrine of laches.

(4) Thereafter, Redstone filed for a writ of execution on the property, and the

District Court of Madison County issued this new writ. McDonald then filed a claim

of exemption notice. On February 10, 2004, the District Court of Madison County

granted McDonald’s exemption claim and dismissed Redstone’s writ of execution. 

Redstone failed to contest McDonald’s claim of exemption, and did not appeal the

dismissal of the writ. 

(5) Four years later, on March 19, 2008, the McDonalds refinanced their

property. They obtained a mortgage from JP Morgan Chase Bank. This mortgage

incorporated a second mortgage to Worldwide Lending. 

(6) Subsequently, on March 28, 2008, Redstone filed a judicial foreclosure

complaint in the Madison County Circuit Court to enforce its lien. McDonald filed

a motion for summary judgment, which the court granted. Redstone then moved for

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a vacation of the judgment. On September 16, 2008, the Madison County Circuit

Court granted Redstone’s motion. The court reinstated the case. However, the court

issued a stay pending the outcome of the action in the bankruptcy court which was

reopened.

(7) On August 19, 2008, McDonald filed a motion with the bankruptcy court

to reopen the Chapter 7 case in order to file a complaint against Redstone for

injunctive relief. McDonald sought a contempt citation, alleging that Redstone had

violated the bankruptcy discharge. The court granted McDonald’s motion to reopen. 

(8) On October 9, 2008, the bankruptcy court entered an order refusing to

enjoin Redstone from proceeding in the Madison County Circuit Court. The

bankruptcy court gave two reasons for its order. First, the court found that prior to the

bankruptcy discharge in 2002, McDonald did not move pursuant to § 522(f) to avoid

the lien. As a result, Redstone had a lien on McDonald’s property which Redstone

was entitled to enforce. Second, the court found that in 2003, McDonald did not

appeal its order denying the motion to reopen the case. The court found that res

judicata resulted. Accordingly, the court found that Redstone did not violate the

discharge injunction, and therefore was not in contempt.

(9) McDonald appealed to the district court. On June 26, 2009, the district

court affirmed the bankruptcy court’s decision in part and vacated in part. The court

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reversed the bankruptcy court’s holding that a judgment lien existed on McDonald’s

homestead in Redstone’s favor, because the district court found that no lien existed. 

The court reasoned, in part, that the lien did not attach because McDonald had less

equity in the property than the amount of the Alabama homestead exemption. With

respect to the bankruptcy court’s holding that Redstone was not in contempt, the

district court affirmed. 

Both parties appeal to this court. Redstone appeals the district court’s holding

that it does not possess a judgment lien on McDonald’s property. McDonald crossappeals the district court’s holding that Redstone is not in contempt and should not

be enjoined from proceeding in the Madison County Circuit Court. 

Redstone argues that the Alabama homestead exemption law does not dictate

that the entire property becomes exempt if the debtor has less than $5,000 of equity

in the property; instead, the homestead is exempt only to the extent of $5,000.

Therefore, Redstone claims it had a lien on McDonald’s property when he filed

bankruptcy proceedings. Redstone claims that it was not required to object to

McDonald’s valuation of his property, but that McDonald was required to move to

avoid Redstone’s lien, which he did not. 

McDonald counters that he was not required to file a § 522(f) lien because his

claim of exemption wassufficient to exempt the property under Alabama bankruptcy

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law; in other words, McDonald contends that the lien did not attach to his property

because it was exempt from execution. Thus, the district court correctly held that no

lien existed when McDonald filed for Chapter 7 relief, nor did a lien exist after

discharge. Additionally, McDonald argues that Redstone waived any right to object

to its exemption claim.

After review, we affirm. We need not reach the question of whether, under

Alabama law, no lien attaches to real property when the debtor has less equity in the

property than the amount of the homestead exemption, or instead, whether the real

property is exempt only to the extent of the homestead exemption. Rather, we affirm

because McDonald’s homestead is exempt from levy and sale under execution as a

matter of res judicata. As the district court wrote, as an alternative ground for the

result it reached, “the fact that the homestead is exempt from levy and sale under

execution became a matter ofres judicata when the DistrictCourt of Madison County

in 2004, expressly found that McDonald’s homestead was exempt from levy and sale

under execution.” (Elec. R.14 at 19.)1

The District Court of Madison County noted in its February 10, 2004 Order Dismissing 1

Execution that McDonald filed a claim of exemption as to personal property and that Redstone

did not contest the claim. Accordingly, the District Court of Madison County discharged

Redstone’s writ of execution. However, McDonald only claimed his real property as exempt, so

the District Court simply made a mistake in describing the property as personal property. We

agree with the district court that the District Court of Madison County found that McDonald’s

homestead was exempt from execution. 

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The elements of res judicata in Alabama are “(1) a prior judgment on the

merits, (2) rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction, (3) with substantial identity

of the parties, and (4) with the same cause of action presented in both suits.”

Dairyland Ins. Co. v. Jackson, 566 So. 2d 723, 725 (Ala. 1990) (citation omitted). 

The doctrine of res judicata

involves prior litigation between a plaintiff and a defendant, which is

decided on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction, and then a

subsequent attempt by the prior plaintiff to relitigate the same cause of

action against the same defendant, or perhaps to relitigate a different

claimnot previously litigated but which arises out of the same evidence.

Alabama law is well settled that this will not be allowed. A valid, final

judgment on the merits of the claim extinguishes the claim. If the

plaintiff won, the claim is merged into the judgment; if the defendant

won, the plaintiff is barred from relitigating any matter which could

have been litigated in the prior action.

Whisman v. Alabama Power Co., 512 So. 2d 78, 81 (Ala. 1987) (citation omitted).

In this case, the four elements necessary to establish res judicata are present.

There is a prior judgment on the merits on McDonald’s claim that his homestead

property is exempt from execution by Redstone. The 2004 judgment was rendered

by the District Court of Madison County, a court of competent jurisdiction. The

substantial identity of the parties element is also met–McDonald and Redstone are

parties in both the current action as well as the 2004 action, when the District Court

of Madison County granted McDonald’s claim of exemption. Last, the same cause

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of action was present in both actions. Redstone is now seeking to establish it has a

lien on McDonald’s property. However, as the district court correctly found, if the

2004 finding by the District Court of Madison County that McDonald’s property is

exempt is correct, then a judgment lien could not have attached. (Elec. R.14 at 19.) 

For reasons that we do not know, Redstone did not object to the order exempting

McDonald’s real property or appeal the decision. Accordingly, McDonald’s real

property is exempt as a matter of res judicata. 

McDonald’s cross-appeal that the district court’s affirmance of the

bankruptcy’s court’s decision to not sanction Redstone or issue an injunction against

it is without merit. The bankruptcy court’s order denying the McDonald’s first

motion to reopen the case on September 3, 2003 opined that Redstone did have a lien

on McDonald’s property. Therefore, it cannot be said that Redstone did not act in

good faith in attempting to execute its judgment. 

AFFIRMED.

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