Filed 10/7/21 In re S.F. CA4/3

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION THREE

In re S.F. et al., Persons Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

ORANGE COUNTY SOCIAL 

SERVICES AGENCY,

 Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

CHERYL H.,

 Defendant and Appellant.

 G059959

 (Super. Ct. Nos. DP026019-001 & 

DP026020-001)

 O P I N I O N

Appeal from orders of the Superior Court of Orange County, Robert J. 

Gerard, Judge. Affirmed.

Suzanne Davidson, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for 

Defendant and Appellant.

Leon J. Page, County Counsel, Karen L. Christensen and Aurelio Torre, 

Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
2

No appearance for the Minors.

INTRODUCTION

Mother Cheryl H. (Mother) appeals two trial court rulings reducing the 

frequency of visitation with her daughters, S.F. and M.F., both teenagers in long-term 

foster care placements, from weekly to twice monthly. The rulings occurred during 

contested postpermanency periodic review hearings pursuant to Welfare and Institutions 

Code section 366.3.1 During the course of the minors’ years-long dependency 

proceedings, Mother had never shown any diligence in following her case plan or 

addressing the issues leading to the minors’ removal. And even after reunification 

services were terminated, her attendance at visits was inconsistent and her appearance at 

hearings sporadic. Additionally, Mother’s behavior at visits was a long-running matter of 

concern for the court, court-appointed advocates, and social workers. In denying Mother

more frequent visitation, the trial court rightly recognized the toll these patterns of 

conduct were taking on the girls. We therefore affirm the visitation orders.

FACTS

The Orange County Social Services Agency (SSA) filed a noncustodial

dependency petition against Mother in March 2015, when the girls were 10 and 8 years 

old. These proceedings have been pending ever since, and we have now reviewed rulings 

made in them on two previous occasions: in June 2016 (In re S.F. (June 21, 2016, 

G052753) [nonpub. opn.] and December 2016 (In re S.F. (Dec. 12, 2016, G053401)

[nonpub. opn.]).

2 Both times, we affirmed findings, at both the dispositional hearing and 

subsequent six-month review hearing, that Mother posed a substantial risk to her 

daughters.

1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise 

indicated.

2 We therefore do not re-summarize the background of the proceedings from their inception through 

March 22, 2016, the date of the last ruling we reviewed, and we refer to our previous opinions for any questions 

about those earlier rulings.
3

Mother has a long history of interactions with SSA due to her neglect of her 

children, which includes failing to enroll them in school, failing to take them for regular 

medical and dental care, and secluding them in an unsanitary environment at home. The 

girls’ father is deceased. By the time of the six-month review hearing on March 22, 2016

(the results of which we reviewed in our previous opinion), the juvenile court judge was 

pleading with Mother to take the steps necessary to get her children back. 

In the meantime, due to behavioral issues, it was difficult to find stable 

placements for the girls. They had transitioned from group home to foster care and then 

to another group home because their needs were so demanding. Mother was given five 

hours of weekly supervised visitation, with the possibility of visits being increased or 

liberalized as appropriate. By May 2016, the time had been increased to eight hours of 

weekly monitored visitation. She was on time for these visits and acted appropriately 

with the children, bringing them coloring books, markers, and food, and playing games 

with them.3 

However, monitors observed effects of Mother’s untreated mental illness in 

these visits and her tendency to draw the children into her altered experience. 

Additionally, Mother canceled 10 visits and failed to show up for 3. Oftentimes, she

would explain her inconsistencies by saying she had to care for her elderly mother, and 

the social workers felt she was not properly prioritizing visitation with her mother’s 

needs. She also demonstrated a lack of follow-through in arranging certain logistical 

aspects of her visitation schedule. 

In order to reunify with her daughters, Mother needed to make progress 

with her case plan, but she could not do so. She failed to attend required therapy sessions 

and parenting classes. She failed to attend required educational meetings for the girls. 

She could not seem to understand why the girls were removed from her care and blamed 

3 As noted in our previous opinions, Mother’s adult son (the girls’ half-brother), K.H., lived with 

her. K.H. would accompany Mother on many of her visits with the girls. 
4

the dependency system and the children’s caregivers or schools for her inability to reunite 

with them. 

On August 23, 2016, the court terminated reunification services as it did not 

appear likely the children would be able to return to Mother’s home. It set a termination 

hearing under section 366.26 for December 12, 2016. But in its report filed for the 

termination hearing, SSA opined that it would be detrimental to the girls’ welfare to 

terminate Mother’s parental rights. According to social workers, Mother’s regular 

visitation and contact with the children was to their benefit, as they were still very bonded 

to her. Continuing her parental rights would not inhibit the process of finding them a 

permanent family placement. 

In the meantime, SSA had managed to contact Demond F., the children’s 

paternal half-sibling, in May 2016 and he cleared a background check to have face-toface visitation with the children. The visits went well, and on December 1, 2016, 

Demond said he would like to be considered for placement. Because there were no other 

prospective legal guardians, and because of the children’s behavioral needs, SSA 

recommended long-term foster care as the permanent plan. 

At the section 366.26 hearing, the juvenile court stuck to these

recommendations, finding termination of parental rights was not in the girls’ best interest, 

and ordering long-term foster care. The record also indicates Mother was to continue 

with her then-current visitation schedule: eight hours of monitored visitation per week. 

While the children waited for placement, they would continue to be housed at the group 

home with reviews to take place every 15 days, and a periodic review scheduled for June 

6, 2017. 

By mid-January 2017, the girls were having successful overnight visits with 

Demond. Their deepening bond with him seemed to anger Mother, who began to make 

negative comments to the children at visits about him. This bothered S.F., who reported 

that Mother threatened to stop visiting her and her sister if they continued to visit with 
5

Demond. When the social worker instructed Mother not to talk about the case with the 

children, Mother allegedly stated “I am their mother, I can say to them what I want.” 

On March 15, 2017, SSA requested that the court change Mother’s 

monitored visitation to once per week, not only because of the inappropriate comments 

she would make at visits and her unwillingness to rein such talk in, but also because she 

was consistently late and missed several visits. Mother’s behavior was negatively 

affecting S.F. She would make S.F. feel guilty, and S.F. was beginning to act out more 

and threatening self-harm. The juvenile court ordered mother to confirm visits 24 hours 

in advance or they would be canceled. 

In late March 2017, the children were approved to be placed with Demond, 

his wife, Crystal F., and their young son. After services were put in place for the family, 

the girls transitioned to the new placement in April 2017. 

In its status review report filed for the June 6, 2017 postpermanency 

periodic review hearing, SSA indicated the girls were doing very well. Demond and 

Crystal were going “above and beyond” to meet the children’s needs and ensure they 

attended recommended appointments. Mother, on the other hand, was refusing to visit 

the girls in Demond and Crystal’s home and lashing out at the social worker. Mother 

once reportedly got physical with the social worker and S.F. had to pull her back. She 

had missed 10 visits. She had also missed meetings related to M.F.’s education and had 

missed S.F.’s graduation. SSA again recommended that Mother’s visitation be decreased 

to one three-hour monitored visit per week, since that was about how much she was 

averaging on a weekly basis anyway. However, after Mother’s attendance and behavior 

at visits improved somewhat, the parties stipulated to twice weekly monitored visitation. 

In September 2017, Demond was involved in a motor vehicle accident 

which left him hospitalized over several weeks. This took a great toll on the family, even 

though the girls continued to do relatively well in the placement. Mother by that time 

had only missed one visit and behaved appropriately, but routinely arrived late. 
6

In March 2018, S.F.’s court-appointed special advocate reported the visits 

with Mother were becoming detrimental to S.F., because S.F.’s behavior would change 

after visits. She would blame others for her mistakes, lie, and act defiantly. 

On April 10, 2018, the court held a visitation review hearing. This was 

precipitated by the submission of SSA’s interim review report, which related continuing 

concerning behavior by Mother at visits. One visit on March 23, 2018 had to be 

terminated due to Mother’s outbursts and comments, which S.F. mimicked, creating an 

untenable situation for the monitor. Mother reportedly told S.F. she didn’t “have to listen 

to anybody” and should call the social worker to complain. The court reduced Mother’s 

visitation to once weekly pending the periodic review hearing one month later on May 

15, 2018. 

Mother missed a scheduled visit with the children on April 27, 2018, which 

upset M.F. so much that she wrote a communication she hoped would be relayed to the 

judge about how sad her mother’s actions made her feel. The court refused to increase 

Mother’s visits back to twice weekly at the May 15 hearing because “there [wa]s 

absolutely no evidence” that it would be in the children’s best interest to have more visits. 

The court stated its belief that the only reason SSA was not seeking to find detriment and 

terminate visits altogether was because the children wanted to see their mother, and 

commented: “. . . [I]t’s sad that now the children are even realizing that Mom doesn’t act 

appropriate. Mom doesn’t show up to all the visits. They can’t count on Mom.” 

Yet Mother’s troubling behavior continued. In its interim review report 

dated August 3, 2018, SSA reported Mother had missed two visits. Additionally, she 

supplied the children with junk food, which was problematic because the girls’ physician 

was concerned about their weight and health. Crystal, Demond’s wife, also reported to 

the social worker that M.F. said Mother would allow her and S.F. to listen to voice 

messages on her phone, including messages from county employees, and would discuss 

inappropriate topics such as money. The social worker felt Mother’s unwillingness to 
7

respect rules or boundaries was harmful to the children, and she asked the court to 

“consider evaluating the appropriateness of continued weekly visitation[.]” 

The situation was further complicated by Demond’s accident, which had 

impacted the family’s ability to care for M.F., who had by now been diagnosed as 

autistic. Demond and Crystal asked to keep S.F. but have M.F. placed in a separate home 

where she could get more individualized care. The children’s service providers and 

social worker determined this change would be in both children’s best interest. The court 

was on board with this, but Mother objected to the girls being separated. Instead, Mother 

wanted the court to order conjoint therapy with the girls so they could discuss the 

problems in the parent-child relationship. The court declined, stating this would be an 

unfair burden on the children when Mother was the one with the problem. 

Mother did not react well to the change in M.F.’s placement. The status 

review report for S.F. dated November 6, 2018 stated Mother’s attendance and tardiness 

at visits was again an issue. But now her visits with S.F. were becoming contentious 

because she blamed S.F. or made her feel guilty for her younger sister’s removal from 

Demond and Crystal’s home. And Mother would wait until the end of her visits to make 

such comments, essentially gaming the system so that her visit could not be terminated 

sooner for inappropriate behavior. Her mother’s conduct toward her made S.F. 

disinclined to go through with visits and she missed several of them. Meanwhile, M.F. 

reported to both the social worker and S.F. that Mother said S.F. “doesn’t love us 

anymore.” 

In an addendum report filed December 12, 2018, SSA reported some 

concerning news about S.F. Her attendance at visits with Mother had improved over the 

past month, but she was also having behavior problems. At one point, Crystal had found 

evidence on S.F.’s iPad that she had taken photos of other children’s homework and had 

made an audio recording of a confidential meeting with the social worker. The social 

worker found this alarming not only because of the implications but also because “it is a 
8

behavior that the mother has demonstrated.” S.F.’s electronic devices were taken from 

her, and her behavior stabilized. 

For her part, Mother maintained the SSA reports were not always 

accurately portraying her conduct at visits. Her counsel sought a hearing on S.F.’s 

placement with Demond and Crystal because of some confrontations that had occurred in 

the home. Mother contested some of the representations made in the November 15 

report. In the end, the court felt the placement was appropriate even if certain parts of the 

report were considered inaccurate. 

Despite her continuing habit of missing visits, Mother persisted in seeking 

an increase in her visitation to twice weekly. The court was open to this if SSA was able 

to report that Mother had gone a few months with regular and appropriate visits. But 

Mother had to show more of a concerted effort to make that happen. 

This was not to be. As of the next review hearing on August 23, 2019, 

Mother had made little progress. M.F. and S.F. were having regular sibling visitation 

after M.F. was placed back with her previous foster family. But Mother was not 

consistent in attending visits with S.F. She failed to call to confirm visits as required and 

was unable to produce evidence of participating in therapy or other services. As for 

M.F., as of October 31, 2019, Mother had been a no-show for six visits and struggled to 

be on time, which understandably upset M.F. a great deal. 

On January 29, 2020, SSA filed another status review report as to S.F. 

Crystal and Demond had separated and Demond had moved out. However, S.F. 

remained in the home with Crystal and her young nephew. S.F. did not seem to be too 

badly impacted by this change, and indeed, seemed to be maturing somewhat and gaining 

insight into her past. She was doing very well in school – getting all A’s – was playing 

high school sports, and had seemingly overcome some of her previous behavior 

problems. She wanted to be a normal teenager, and was realizing her mother was not 

changing the circumstances which led to S.F.’s detention. 
9

Mother again missed visits in the run-up to hearings in May 2020 and 

November 2020. For the May 2020 hearing, it was reported she had missed five visits 

with M.F., once again upsetting the child. For the November hearing, it was reported

Mother had missed 9 out of 19 visits. M.F. was beginning to get very frustrated, saying 

she needed a break from Mother. 

In its November 16, 2020 status review report regarding M.F., SSA sought 

to decrease Mother’s visits to once monthly. Mother opposed this, and the court set a 

hearing on the matter for February 2, 2021. Pending the hearing, the court set visitation 

at twice per month, and gave SSA discretion to increase or liberalize visitation if the 

children so requested. Both M.F. and S.F. were agreeable to visits twice monthly. After 

the hearing on February 2, the court kept this schedule in place. It is the reduction of 

visitation from once weekly to twice monthly which Mother now appeals.

DISCUSSION

If parental rights have not been terminated, as in this case, the juvenile 

court has an obligation to provide for visitation when it chooses a permanent plan for a 

dependent minor. (See § 366.26, subd. (c)(4)(C).) The court must balance “the interests 

of the parent in visitation with the best interests of the child” in defining the right to 

visitation. (In re Jennifer G. (1990) 221 Cal.App.3d 752, 757.) “In balancing these 

interests, the court in the exercise of its judicial discretion should determine whether there 

should be any right to visitation and, if so, the frequency and length of visitation. The 

court may, of course, impose any other conditions or requirements to further define the 

right to visitation in light of the particular circumstances of the case before it.” (Ibid.)

We can see no abuse of that discretion here. At the section 366.26 hearing, 

the juvenile court declined to terminate Mother’s parental rights because the children 

were benefiting from relatively consistent weekly monitored visitation with her. She was 

permitted to continue with eight hours per week of such visitation. 
10

Once proceedings enter the postpermanency review stage under section 

366.3, the court is to consider, among other things, “[t]he continuing appropriateness and 

extent of compliance with the permanent plan for the child, including efforts to maintain 

relationships between a child who is 10 years of age or older and who has been in out-ofhome placement for six months or longer and individuals who are important to the 

child. . .” (Id. at subd. (e)(3).) It is also to consider whether the parent has made progress 

on “alleviating or mitigating the causes necessitating placement in foster care.” (Id. at 

subd. (e)(7).)

Mother’s picture just kept getting worse instead of better. She lashed out at

S.F. after she and her sister developed a positive bond with Demond and Crystal. She 

refused to respect boundaries on the types of conversations which were appropriate 

during visits. When M.F. was taken out of Demond and Crystal’s home, Mother blamed 

S.F. and apparently pitted the sisters against one another. She was tardy for or missed 

many visits – so much so that the juvenile court reduced her visitation to once weekly. 

Her failures to appear for visits hurt M.F. to the point she wanted to write a letter to the

judge. 

Moreover, the needs of the girls changed over time. Both S.F. and M.F. 

had major behavioral issues and little social or educational grounding when they were

first removed from Mother’s care. But both girls took huge strides forward in the 

following years, eventually becoming good students. And it does not escape our notice 

that some of S.F.’s behavior problems began to return in 2018 when she was visiting with 

Mother on a more regular basis. Indeed, there was concern she might be mimicking 

Mother – for example, in the way she recorded a confidential meeting on her iPad. By 

2020, both girls were realizing the negative impact their mother’s behaviors and actions 

were having on them. They were finally experiencing some normalcy. And it no longer 

seemed as necessary to the court at that point that Mother have the same frequency of 

contact with the girls as she had previously.
11

Mother emphasizes the fact both S.F. and M.F. have expressed a desire to 

return to her care someday. She claims more frequent visitation will help preserve the 

bond between them. We cannot argue about the benefits of visitation on the parent-child 

relationship. But the benefits must work both ways. Even in the reunification stage of 

the dependency process, “the court must focus on the best interests of the children ‘and 

on the elimination of conditions which led to the juvenile court’s finding that the child 

has suffered, or is at risk of suffering, harm specified in section 300.’ (In re Moriah T.

(1994) 23 Cal.App.4th 1367, 1376.) This includes the ‘possibility of adverse 

psychological consequences of an unwanted visit between mother and child.’ (In re 

Danielle W. (1989) 207 Cal.App.3d 1227, 1238.)” (In re Julie M. (1999) 69 Cal.App.4th 

41, 50.) If the children were no longer benefiting from visits – indeed, if they were being 

hurt by them or by Mother’s failures to follow through with them – it was fully within the 

court’s discretion to reduce them.

Finally, we must point out that this is not the end of the road. The bimonthly visitation order is not irrevocable. The juvenile court allowed SSA to increase 

the frequency of visits if the children request it. So if the children desire more contact

with Mother, more frequent visitation is a possibility. And Mother may always file a 

section 388 petition to modify the visitation order based on changed circumstances in the 

future. The question in our minds is whether she is willing to do what is necessary to get 

such a petition granted. Over the six years that her children have been dependents, 

Mother has refused time and again to take ownership of her actions and demonstrate a 

sustained commitment to her own well-being, not to mention that of her children. Unless 

and until she does so, the juvenile court must do what it believes is best for them, and we 

are confident it has in this instance. 
12

DISPOSITION

The visitation orders are affirmed.

BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.

WE CONCUR:

FYBEL, J.

GOETHALS, J.