# Patent

## Title
Engine valve control mechanism

## Abstract

A valve control mechanism is configured that is capable of optimally controlling an engine by lifting an intake valve only by the necessary amount, while suppressing noise at the time of operation. This valve control mechanism includes a control member that rotates around a control axis due to a driving force of an actuator, and a base end portion of a rocker arm is pivotably supported around a pivot axis by an eccentric support portion of the control member. The rocker arm is pivoted by a cam portion of a camshaft abutting against an intermediate roller of the rocker arm, and an operation of opening the intake valve is performed due to a pressure force from the pivot end. The rocker arm is shifted in the longitudinal direction due to an operation of the actuator, and control for changing the lift amount of the intake valve is performed.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an engine valve control mechanism, and more particularly to a technique for adjusting a lift amount of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve.
BACKGROUND ART
PTL 1 discloses, as an engine valve control mechanism configured as mentioned above, a configuration provided with a hydraulic cylinder that drives the rocker shaft to rotate and in which a middle/high-speed rocker arm is fitted into an eccentric large-diameter portion of a rocker shaft. In this configuration, the middle/high-speed rocker arm is supported by the eccentric large-diameter portion of the rocker shaft via an eccentric bushing, the middle/high-speed rocker arm is entirely shifted by driving the rocker shaft to rotate so as to change the cam lift amount, and consequently a change of settings of the valve lift amount and the valve timing is realized.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
PTL 1: JP H5-179912A
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
As disclosed in PTL 1, in an operation mode in which an end portion of the rocker arm is caused to abut against a projecting end of a valve so as to open the valve due to exertion of a pressure force, a knocking sound is generated when the end portion of the rocker arm abuts against the projecting end of the valve. A configuration in which a knocking sound is thus generated will increase an engine sound, and there is room for improvement.
Moreover, since the entire rocker arm is shifted in PTL 1, a configuration is employed in which the eccentric bushing is provided in the rocker shaft and a base end portion of the rocker arm is fitted onto the eccentric bushing. To significantly shift the rocker arm in this configuration, the eccentric bushing has a large diameter, and a ring-like support portion fitted onto this eccentric bushing also has a large diameter. There is room for improvement in this aspect as well.
An object of the present invention is to reasonably configure a valve control mechanism capable of optimally controlling an engine by lifting a valve only by a necessary amount while suppressing noise at the time of operation.
Solution to Problem
A feature of the present invention lies in including: a camshaft driven to rotate; a rocker arm that pivots around a pivot axis of a base end portion of the rocker arm in accordance with a rotation of the camshaft; a shift unit that shifts the rocker arm in a longitudinal direction of thereof; and a lash adjuster that abuts against another end portion of the rocker arm and transmits a pressure force from the rocker arm to a valve. The shift unit includes a control member rotatably supported around a control axis parallel with the pivot axis and pivotably supporting the base end portion of the rocker arm with respect to an eccentric support portion which is eccentric from the control axis, and the control member rotates around the control axis by an actuator.
With this configuration, the rocker arm pivots around the pivot axis of the base end portion with a rotation of the camshaft, the pressure force from the pivot end of the rocker arm is transmitted from the lash adjuster to the valve, and the valve opening operation is performed due to this pressure force. The lash adjuster suppresses the impact from the rocker arm, and therefore noise decreases. Furthermore, the rocker arm is shifted in the longitudinal direction thereof in a mode of displacing the position of the pivot axis of the base end portion of the rocker arm by using a driving force of the actuator to rotate the control member of the shift unit. Thus, the distance between the position on the rocker arm against which a cam portion of the camshaft abuts and the position of the pivot axis is changed, the amount of pivoting of the rocker arm is changed, and the lift amount of the valve can thus be changed. In particular, with this configuration, the timing of opening and closing the valve can also be changed by changing the timing of the pressure force being exerted on the valve from the camshaft.
With this configuration, in which the control member supports the base end portion of the rocker arm around the pivot axis, a reduction in size of the shift unit is realized, as compared with a configuration in which the control member is configured on an eccentric member and a ring-like support structure fitted onto this eccentric member is formed in the rocker arm, for example.
Accordingly, a small valve control mechanism capable of optimally controlling the engine by lifting the valve only by the necessary amount while suppressing noise at the time of operation is configured. In particular, with this configuration, the timing of opening and closing the valve can also be changed in conjunction with the change of the lift amount of the valve, and the air intake timing and the exhaust timing can be set optimally.
The present invention may further include a control unit that, in a case where the valve is configured as an intake valve of an engine and an accelerator operation tool is operated in an accelerating direction, operates the actuator so as to increase an amount of air intake by the intake valve with an increase in an operation amount of the accelerator operation tool and shifts the rocker arm.
With this configuration, when the accelerator operation tool is operated in an accelerating direction, the control unit controls the actuator, thereby shifting the rocker arm so as to increase the amount of air intake by the intake valve. Thus, the air intake amount can be reduced in the case of not accelerating the engine and can be increased in the case of accelerating the engine, and adjustment of the rotational speed of the engine is also realized by adjusting the air intake amount by means of adjustment of the lift amount of the intake valve, without adjusting the air intake amount with a throttle valve provided in an intake system. Furthermore, air intake resistance at the throttle valve is reduced, pumping loss is consequently reduced, and thus an improvement in fuel efficiency is also realized.
The present invention may further include an intermediate roller provided rotatably around an axis parallel with the pivot axis, in an intermediate part of the rocker arm and at a position where a cam portion of the camshaft can abut against the intermediate roller.
With this configuration, since the cam portion of the camshaft abuts against the intermediate roller at the intermediate part of the rocker arm, smooth abutting is realized at the time of this abutting, due to the rotation of the intermediate roller, and friction can be suppressed.
In the present invention, the lash adjuster may have, in a relatively movable manner, a pressure-receiving effector that operates when receiving a pressure force from the rocker arm, and a relay effector that transmits an operating force from the pressure-receiving effector to the valve, and have an intermediate spring that biases the pressure-receiving effector and the relay effector in separate directions, and the lash adjuster may have an orifice portion that suppresses, when the pressure-receiving effector is displaced in a direction of approaching the relay effector, an outflow of a fluid from a pressure receiving-side damper space formed in an insertion portion where the pressure-receiving effector and the relay effector are fitted to each other.
With this configuration, the pressure-receiving effector and the relay effector relatively move in separate directions due to a biasing force of the intermediate spring, and a state can be maintained where the pressure-receiving effector is caused to project such that the pressure-receiving effector and driving mechanisms such as the rocker arm and the cam are caused to come into contact with each other. Furthermore, when a pressure force is exerted on the pressure-receiving effector from the driving mechanisms such as the rocker arm and the cam, the pressure force exerted on the pressure-receiving effector is exerted on the relay effector via a fluid in the pressure receiving-side damper space, and is then exerted from this relay effector in a direction of opening the valve. When the pressure force is exerted on the valve from the relay effector, the fluid within the pressure receiving-side damper space flows out of the orifice portion, and thereby releases part of the pressure force exerted on the relay effector from the pressure-receiving effector and absorbs the impact.
In the present invention, the intermediate roller may be always in contact with the cam portion.
With this configuration, since the intermediate roller is always in contact with the cam portion, an impact sound is not generated from the contacting portion between the intermediate roller and the cam portion even if the cam portion rotates, and a significantly quiet valve control mechanism can be provided. Furthermore, since the intermediate roller is a rotational body, friction at the contacting portion between the intermediate roller and the cam portion can be suppressed to the minimum amount necessary.
In the present invention, an abutting body of the rocker arm may be always in contact with a pressure-receiving roller provided in the pressure-receiving effector.
With this configuration, since the abutting body of the rocker arm is always in contact with the pressure-receiving roller, an impact sound is not generated from the contacting portion between the abutting body and the pressure-receiving roller even if the abutting body slides, and a significantly quiet valve control mechanism can be provided. Furthermore, since the pressure-receiving roller is a rotational body, friction at the contacting portion between the pressure-receiving roller and the abutting body can be suppressed to the minimum amount necessary.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an engine valve control mechanism.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lash adjuster and a valve in a closed state, in a state where an eccentric support portion is at a minimum position.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster and the valve whose opening operation has been started, in a state where the eccentric support portion is at the minimum position.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster and the valve that has reached an opened state, in a state where the eccentric support portion is at the minimum position.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster and the valve that has restored the closed state from the opened state, in a state where the eccentric support portion is at the minimum position.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster and the valve in the closed state, in a state where the eccentric support portion is at a maximum position.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster and the valve that has reached the opened state, in a state where the eccentric support portion is at the maximum position.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster immediately after a pressure force is exerted on a pressure-receiving effector.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster in a state where a second damper space accomplishes a damper function.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster in a state where a pressure force is directly transmitted from the pressure-receiving effector to a relay effector.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster immediately after the relay effector starts a projecting operation due to a biasing force of a valve spring.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the lash adjuster when the relay effector performs the projecting operation.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a change of the valve lift amount when the eccentric support portion is changed from the minimum position to the maximum position.



DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
Basic Configuration
FIG. 1 shows a valve control mechanism for a four-stroke cycle engine E equipped with an intake valve 10 of the engine E, a camshaft 20, a shift unit 30, a rocker arm 40, a lash adjuster 50, and an engine control unit 60 serving as a control unit (ECU) that controls the lift amount of the intake valve 10.
The valve control mechanism is configured such that a cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against an intermediate roller 43 at an intermediate position on the rocker arm 40 in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the rocker arm 40 thereby pivots around a pivot axis T. In the valve control mechanism, an abutting body 44 at a pivot end of the rocker arm 40 is disposed close to the lash adjuster 50, and an operation of opening the intake valve 10 is performed by transmitting, when a pressure force is exerted from the abutting body 44 with a pivot of the rocker arm 40, the pressure force from the lash adjuster 50 to the intake valve 10, while absorbing the impact.
In this valve control mechanism, a control member 32 of the shift unit 30 is rotatably supported around a control axis Q, and a base end portion of the rocker arm 40 is pivotably supported around the pivot axis T by an eccentric support portion 33 that is eccentric from the control axis Q. The valve control mechanism shifts the rocker arm 40 in the longitudinal direction by the control member 32 rotating due to being driven by an actuator A, continuously adjusts the lift amount of the intake valve 10, and also changes the air intake timing in conjunction with this adjustment.
A description will be given later of a specific operation mode, in which, while the camshaft 20 rotates once, the lift amount is changed due to a change of an operation stroke exerted on the intake valve 10 from the camshaft 20, and the opening timing and the opening duration time of the intake valve 10 are changed due to a change of an area (operation angle) in which the pressure force is exerted on the intake valve 10 from the camshaft 20. The operation angle indicates an area at the rotation angle of the camshaft 20 when the intake valve 10 is in an opened state, and the timing (rotation angle of the camshaft 20) at which the lift amount is largest is also necessarily changed due to the change of this operation angle. Note that a cam axis P of the camshaft 20, the control axis Q, and the pivot axis T are set in a mutually parallel orientation.
The engine control unit 60 detects the amount of a stepping operation on an accelerator pedal 61 (an example of an accelerator operation tool) of a vehicle, using a pedal sensor 62, shifts the rocker arm 40 in the longitudinal direction by controlling the actuator A based on a detected value, and adjusts the pivot amount of the rocker arm 40 at the time when the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against the intermediate roller 43. With this adjustment, the lift amount of the intake valve 10 is set to a target value, and simultaneously, the air intake amount and the air intake timing of a combustion chamber 3 of the engine E are controlled by setting the air intake timing, and consequently the control of the rotational speed of the engine E is realized.
The valve control mechanism may be provided not only for the above-described intake valve 10 but also for an exhaust valve, and may be provided for both the intake valve and the exhaust valve. The details of the valve control mechanism will be described below.
Intake Valve
The intake valve 10 has a shape obtained by integrally forming a valve head 11 that expands in an umbrella shape on the lower end side and a shaft-like valve stem 12 that is continuous with the valve head 11. The intake valve 10 is supported in a mode in which the valve stem 12 is slidably inserted into a valve guide 13 provided in a cylinder head 1.
A compression coil-type valve spring 15 is provided between a stopper 14 at the upper end of the valve stem 12 and the cylinder head 1, and the intake valve 10 is maintained in a closed state by the valve head 11 abutting against a valve seat 16 at a boundary position between an intake passage 2 and the combustion chamber 3 due to a biasing force of the valve spring 15.
Camshaft and Shift Unit
The camshaft 20 includes a camshaft portion 21 and the cam portion 22 projecting from the outer circumference thereof. The camshaft portion 21 is supported by the cylinder head 1 so as to rotate around the cam axis P due to a driving force transmitted from a crankshaft (not shown) by a timing chain (not shown).
This valve control mechanism may include a variable valve timing system that changes a relative rotational phase of the cam portion 22 with respect to a driving system constituted by the timing chain and the camshaft 20. An exemplary variable valve timing system is constituted by a driving-side rotational member that rotates integrally with a sprocket around which the timing chain is wound, a driven-side rotational member that rotates integrally with the camshaft 20, and an actuator that changes a relative rotation angle therebetween.
With the variable valve timing system, the air intake timing can be optimally set based on the rotational speed of the engine E, the load exerted on the engine E, and the like, and for example, the torque at the time of low-speed running can be increased, and the startability of the engine E can be improved. Note that the variable valve timing system may be provided in an exhaust camshaft, and both a hydraulic actuator and an electric actuator can be used.
The shift unit 30 includes the eccentric support portion 33 that rotatably supports the disk-like control member 32 around the axis (control axis Q) of a shaft body 31 supported by the cylinder head 1, and that has a shaft shape in a parallel orientation with respect to the control axis Q in an outer-circumferential portion of the control member 32. This shift unit 30 includes the electric motor-type actuator A that rotates the control member 32 with respect to the shaft body 31, and includes an angle sensor 34 that detects the rotation amount of the control member 32 with respect to the shaft body 31.
Note that the actuator A in the shift unit 30 may be a hydraulic actuator, and in the case of using the hydraulic actuator, the same configuration as that of an actuator used in a hydraulic variable valve timing system can be used.
Rocker Arm
The rocker arm 40 has, at the base end portion thereof, a ring-like loosely-fitted portion 41 that is loosely fitted to the eccentric support portion 33, rotatably supports, at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction, the intermediate roller 43 around a spindle 42 in a parallel orientation with respect to the cam axis P, and has the abutting body 44 on the pivot end side that is opposite to the base end portion.
The loosely-fitted portion 41 of the rocker arm 40 is rotatably supported with respect to the eccentric support portion 33 of the shift unit 30, and the rocker arm 40 is thereby supported around the pivot axis T. The cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against the intermediate roller 43, and the abutting body 44 thereby pivots so as to be displaced downward. With this pivot, the pressure force from the abutting body 44 is transmitted to the lash adjuster 50 and further to the intake valve 10, and the intake valve 10 is opened.
The abutting body 44 has an arc-shaped abutting face that moderately projects downward, and is configured so as not to move, upward or downward, the position where the abutting body 44 abuts against the lash adjuster 50 even when the rocker arm 40 shifts in the longitudinal direction.
Lash Adjuster
As shown in FIG. 8, the lash adjuster 50 has a configuration in which a pressure-receiving effector 52 and a relay effector 53 are inserted in a slidable state and in a relatively movable manner, into a sleeve member 51 that is fitted and fixed to the cylinder head 1 serving as a fixture system. The sleeve member 51, the pressure-receiving effector 52, and the relay effector 53 are disposed coaxially with a valve axis R of the valve stem 12 of the intake valve 10, and the pressure-receiving effector 52 and the relay effector 53 are supported so as to be able to move back and forth along the valve axis R. A fluid space S1, a pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and a restoring-side damper space S3 are formed. The lash adjuster 50 also includes an oil passage system that supplies and discharges oil serving as a working fluid to and from the aforementioned spaces. While the lash adjuster 50 works regardless of the orientation thereof, the positional relationship, configurations, and the like will be described based on the orientation shown in FIG. 8.
The sleeve member 51 is formed in a ring shape as a whole, and a storage space 51A that stores the oil is formed in an outer-circumferential portion of the sleeve member 51 as a result of the diameter of the outer-circumferential portion thereof being partially reduced. An oil passage 1A for supplying the oil from a hydraulic pump (not shown) to the storage space 51A is formed in the cylinder head 1. A small diameter portion 51B is formed on the upper side (opposite side to the intake valve 10) within the sleeve member 51, and a large diameter portion 51C is formed below the small diameter portion 51B. In the sleeve member 51, a first supply and discharge passage 51D that is in communication with the small diameter portion 51B from the storage space 51A is formed as an oil supply passage for supplying the oil to the pressure-receiving effector 52 and the relay effector 53, and a second supply and discharge passage 51E that is in communication with the large diameter portion 510 from the storage space 51A is formed. Note that although an oil pump driven by the engine E is assumed here, an oil pump driven by an electric motor may also be used.
The pressure-receiving effector 52 has a tubular outer-circumferential face, and a pressure-receiving roller 52R that receives pressure from the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40 is rotatably supported at an upper end position of the pressure-receiving effector 52. A lower outer face 52B whose diameter is smaller than that of an upper outer face 52A is formed, and a control body 52C that vertically divides the lower outer face 52B into two parts is formed so as to project outward from the lower outer face 52B. A spring housing space 52D is formed inside the pressure-receiving effector 52, and a compression coil-type intermediate spring 54 is housed therein. The intermediate spring 54 is interposed between the pressure-receiving effector 52 and the relay effector 53, and exerts a biasing force that causes the pressure-receiving effector 52 to project upward. An abutting portion 52E is formed at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52.
The outer diameter of the upper outer face 52A of the pressure-receiving effector 52 is set to a value that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the small diameter portion 51B of the sleeve member 51, and the pressure-receiving effector 52 is thereby supported movably in a direction along the valve axis R.
The relay effector 53 has a tubular portion 53A and a bottom wall portion 53B in a lower part and is thereby formed in a tubular shape with a bottom, and a step-like portion 53C that the control body 52C of the pressure-receiving effector 52 can enter is formed on the inner circumference at the upper end (opposite side to the intake valve 10) of the tubular portion 53A. The intermediate spring 54 is disposed between the upper face of the bottom wall portion 53B of the relay effector 53 and the upper wall of the pressure-receiving effector 52, and the relay effector 53 is disposed at a position where the upper end of the valve stem 12 of the intake valve 10 abuts against the bottom face of the bottom wall portion 53B.
A spring having a small biasing force (with a small spring constant) as compared with the valve spring 15 is used as the intermediate spring 54.
The outer diameter of the tubular portion 53A of the relay effector 53 is set to a value that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the large diameter portion 51C of the sleeve member 51, and the inner diameter of the tubular portion 53A is set to a value that is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lower outer face 52B of the pressure-receiving effector 52. Thus, the relay effector 53 is relatively movable in a direction along the valve axis R with respect to the sleeve member 51 and the pressure-receiving effector 52.
An area of the lower outer face 52B of the pressure-receiving effector 52 above the control body 52C is referred to as the fluid space S1, and an area thereof below the control body 52C is referred to as the pressure receiving-side damper space S2. Note that the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 is formed in a portion where the pressure-receiving effector 52 is inserted into the relay effector 53. The restoring-side damper space S3 is formed in an area sandwiched between a step-like face 51S on the boundary between the small diameter portion 51B and the large diameter portion 51C of the sleeve member 51 and an upper end face 53S of the relay effector 53 on the upper-end outer circumference thereof.
With the lash adjuster 50, when pressure is not exerted on the pressure-receiving roller 52R from the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40, a state is maintained where the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward due to the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54 and causes the pressure-receiving roller 52R to abut against the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40. At the time of this projection, when the first supply and discharge passage 51D is in a positional relationship in which it is in communication with the fluid space S1, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward in a state where pressure from the oil is also exerted thereon. Next, when pressure is exerted on the pressure-receiving roller 52R from the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40 and the pressure-receiving effector 52 approaches the relay effector 53, the outer-circumferential face of the pressure-receiving effector 52 blocks the first supply and discharge passage 51D, and the oil flowing in and out of the fluid space S1 is blocked. Thereafter, when the pressure-receiving effector 52 further approaches the relay effector 53, the above-described state is switched to a state where the restoring-side damper space S3 is in communication with the second supply and discharge passage 51E. The pressure-receiving effector 52 that thus controls the oil flow in the first supply and discharge passage 51D and the relay effector 53 that controls the oil flow in the second supply and discharge passage 51E constitute a fluid control portion.
Furthermore, in this lash adjuster 50, when the control body 52C is displaced in a direction of closing the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, a gap-like orifice portion 55 is formed between the control body 52C and the inner wall of the pressure receiving-side damper space S2. When the pressure-receiving effector 52 is displaced further downward, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end reaches a state of abutting against the relay effector 53, and achieves a state of directly transmitting the pressure force from the abutting body 44 to the valve stem 12 of the intake valve 10.
Operation Mode of Lash Adjuster
When the lash adjuster 50 is in a non-pressing state where the pressure force is not exerted on the pressure-receiving effector 52 from the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40, the valve stem 12 has reached its upper limit due to the biasing force of the valve spring 15. In this state, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects due to the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54, and the second supply and discharge passage 51E is in a blocked state where the oil flow is blocked. Note that when the first supply and discharge passage 51D is in a positional relationship in which it is in communication with the fluid space S1, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward in a state where the pressure from the oil is also exerted thereon. Accordingly, in this non-pressing state, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward from the sleeve member 51 due to the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54, and the pressure-receiving roller 52R is in a positional relationship in which it abuts against the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40. Furthermore, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 is in a positional relationship in which it is separate from the relay effector 53.
FIG. 8 shows the cross-section of the lash adjuster 50 immediately after the pressure force is exerted on the pressure-receiving effector 52 from the abutting body 44 due to a pivot of the rocker arm 40 and the pressure-receiving effector 52 begins to lower. In a state where the pressure-receiving effector 52 thus begins to lower, the first supply and discharge passage 51D and the second supply and discharge passage 51E achieve a blocked state, and the fluid space S1, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the restoring-side damper space S3 achieve a state of being in communication with one another. In a state where exertion of the pressure force from the abutting body 44 thus continues, an operation in which the pressure-receiving effector 52 approaches the relay effector 53 against the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54 is performed in a state where the volume of the fluid space S1, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the restoring-side damper space S3 does not change.
As a result of this operation being performed, as shown in FIG. 9, the control body 52C of the pressure-receiving effector 52 approaches the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, the oil is enclosed in the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the orifice portion 55 is formed between the control body 52C and the inner wall of the pressure receiving-side damper space S2. Thus, the volume of the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 decreases, a state is reached where the oil enclosed in the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 leaks into the fluid space S1 and the restoring-side damper space S3 from the orifice portion 55, and the operation of the pressure-receiving effector 52 is suppressed. As a result of reaching this state, the pressure force is transmitted to the pressure-receiving effector 52 via the oil enclosed in the fluid space S1, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the restoring-side damper space S3 with lowering of the pressure-receiving effector 52, and the pressure-receiving effector 52 lowers.
Furthermore, as a result of an increase in the internal pressure of the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, a pressure force is exerted in the downward direction on the relay effector 53 from the pressure-receiving effector 52, and an operation in which the abutting portion 52E of the pressure-receiving effector 52 approaches the bottom wall portion 53B of the relay effector 53 is performed. With this operation, a pressure force in the opening direction is exerted on the intake valve 10 from the relay effector 53, and the intake valve 10 begins to operate in the opening direction.
Then, as a result of the second supply and discharge passage 51E reaching a position where it is in communication with the restoring-side damper space S3 due to lowering of the relay effector 53, as shown in FIG. 10, a state is reached where the abutting portion 52E of the pressure-receiving effector 52 abuts against the bottom wall portion 53B of the relay effector 53 in a state where only the pressure of the oil enclosed in the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 is exerted on the pressure-receiving effector 52. Consequently, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 functions such that the lowering speed of the pressure-receiving effector 52 at the time of the abutting is suppressed, and an impact-absorbing operation for absorbing the impact at the time of the abutting is realized. As a result of reaching the abutting state, a pivoting force of the rocker arm 40 is transmitted from the pressure-receiving effector 52 to the relay effector 53, and operates the intake valve 10 in the opening direction.
After the pressure-receiving effector 52 thus abuts against the bottom wall portion 53B of the relay effector 53 and performs an operation to open the intake valve 10, when an abutting force of the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40 is cancelled and the intake valve 10 begins to operate in the closing direction, a state is reached where the oil is enclosed in the fluid space S1, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the restoring-side damper space S3, as shown in FIG. 11. When the pressure-receiving effector 52 is displaced in the upward direction, the volume of these spaces does not change, and therefore the pressure-receiving effector 52 performs a projecting operation due to the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54.
As a result of the pressure-receiving effector 52 operating in the upward direction due to the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54, a state of causing the pressure-receiving roller 52R to abut against the abutting body 44 is maintained. Furthermore, with this operation of the pressure-receiving effector 52, a state is reached where the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 and the restoring-side damper space S3 are closed, as shown in FIG. 12. In this state, the biasing force of the valve spring 15 is exerted in a direction of elevating the relay effector 53. However, a state is achieved where the oil is enclosed in the restoring-side damper space S3 sandwiched between the step-like face 51S of the sleeve member 51 and the upper end face 53S on the upper-end outer circumference of the relay effector 53, and therefore the elevating speed of the relay effector 53 is suppressed. Consequently, an outflow of the oil from the restoring-side damper space S3 is suppressed even in a situation where the biasing force of the valve spring 15 is exerted, and therefore the elevating speed of the relay effector 53 is suppressed, and the impact at the time when the valve head 11 of the intake valve 10 abuts against the valve seat 16 is absorbed.
Control Configuration, Control Mode
As shown in FIG. 1, the engine control unit 60 includes an input system that acquires a detection signal of the pedal sensor 62 and a detection signal of the angle sensor 34, and also includes an output system that performs output for controlling the actuator A. The engine control unit 60 has table data or the like for setting the pivoting amount of the control member 32 to a target value in accordance with a detected value acquired by the pedal sensor 62, and has a program for operating the actuator A based on this table data or the like.
With this configuration, when controlling the air intake amount based on an operation of the accelerator pedal 61, if it is determined based on a result of the detection by the pedal sensor 62 that the accelerator pedal 61 is in a non-operating state, the engine control unit 60 sets a target value corresponding to idling rotation based on the detected value of the pedal sensor 62 and executes control of the actuator A such that the angle sensor 34 detects a detected value that matches the target value.
When setting an idling state, the target value is set such that the eccentric support portion 33 is set at a minimum position as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5. The rocker arm 40 is displaced under this control, and the distance from the position where the abutting body 44 abuts against the pressure-receiving roller 52R to the pivot axis T is set to the minimum. With this control, as shown in FIG. 4, the lift amount of the intake valve 10 at the time when the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against the intermediate roller 43 and the rocker arm 40 pivots is set to the minimum (minimum lift amount Lmin).
Next, when it is determined based on a result of the detection by the pedal sensor 62 that a stepping operation has been performed on the accelerator pedal 61, the engine control unit 60 sets a target value corresponding to the detected value of the pedal sensor 62 and executes control of the actuator A such that the angle sensor 34 detects a detected value that matches the target value.
In this control, when, for example, the stepping operation is performed up to the highest speed position, the target value is set such that the eccentric support portion 33 is set at a maximum position, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and as a result of this control, the rocker arm 40 is displaced, and the distance from the position where the abutting body 44 abuts against the pressure-receiving roller 52R to the pivot axis T is set to the maximum. As a result of this control, as shown in FIG. 7, the lift amount of the intake valve 10 at the time when the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against the intermediate roller 43 and the rocker arm 40 pivots is set to the maximum (maximum lift amount Lmax).
Operation Mode Based on Setting of Eccentric Support Portion
In this valve control mechanism for the engine E, when the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the maximum position, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 abuts against the relay effector 53 as shown in FIG. 6, in a state where the intermediate roller 43 of the rocker arm 40 comes into contact with a circumferential portion (base circle) of the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20. In contrast, when the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the minimum position, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 moves away from the relay effector 53 as shown in FIG. 2, in a state where the intermediate roller 43 of the rocker arm 40 comes into contact with the circumferential portion (base circle) of the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20.
FIG. 13 shows a graph with a horizontal axis indicating the rotation angle of the camshaft 20 and a vertical axis indicating the valve lift amount (opening amount of the intake valve 10) in the case of changing the set position of the eccentric support portion 33. As shown in FIG. 13, when the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the maximum position, the intake valve 10 performs an opening and closing operation in conformity with a reference trajectory that reflects the profile of the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20, and the intake valve 10 is opened by the maximum lift amount Lmax. When the eccentric support portion 33 is gradually displaced from the maximum position to the minimum position, the intake valve 10 performs an operation in conformity with a trajectory in a mode obtained by shifting the reference trajectory downward (only the upper part of the trajectory). When the eccentric support portion 33 is set to the minimum position, the intake valve 10 performs an operation in conformity with a trajectory in a mode of shifting the reference trajectory significantly downward, and the intake valve 10 is opened by the minimum lift amount Lmin.
That is to say, when the eccentric support portion 33 is displaced from the maximum position to the minimum position, an operation that reflects the shape of the cam portion 22 in the vicinity of a raised face (cam nose) thereof is performed. For this reason, as the eccentric support portion 33 is set closer to the minimum position, a mode appears in which the intake valve 10 operates in conformity with a trajectory obtained by shifting the reference trajectory downward (upper area of the trajectory).
Accordingly, in a state where the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the minimum position, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 moves away from the relay effector 53 as shown in FIG. 2, at the timing of the intermediate roller 43 coming into contact with the circumferential portion (base circle) of the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 with a rotation of the camshaft 20, and the intake valve 10 maintains the closed state (FIG. 13 (II)). Furthermore, at this timing, the lash adjuster 50 achieves a positional relationship in which, due to the pressure of the oil supplied to the fluid space S1 and the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward and abuts against the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40.
Next, at the timing of the intermediate roller 43 abutting against a raised portion of the cam portion 22 and the pressure force being exerted on the pressure-receiving effector 52, the opening operation of the intake valve 10 is started as shown in FIG. 3 (FIG. 13 (III)). When the pressure force is thus exerted, the lash adjuster 50 performs a series of operations shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 as described above, and thereby reduces the impact at the time when the abutting portion 52E of the pressure-receiving effector 52 abuts against the bottom wall portion 53B of the relay effector 53. That is to say, as described above, the impact is reduced by performing an operation of transmitting the pressure force from the relay effector 53 to the intake valve 10 in a mode of enclosing the oil in the fluid space S1, the pressure receiving-side damper space S2, and the restoring-side damper space S3, and performing an impact-absorbing operation of leaking the oil enclosed in the pressure receiving-side damper space S2 from the orifice portion 55 with a reduction in the volume of the pressure receiving-side damper space S2.
In order to thus reduce the impact, an opening start curve C at the time when the intake valve 10 begins to be opened indicates a low-speed opening operation, unlike a reference curve.
Thereafter, as a result of the pressure force from the pressure-receiving effector 52 being transmitted from the relay effector 53 to the intake valve 10 in a state where the abutting portion 52E abuts against the bottom wall portion 53B, the intake valve 10 is opened by the smallest lift amount Lmin as shown in FIG. 4 (FIG. 13(IV)). At the timing of the pressure force exerted on the intermediate roller 43 from the raised portion of the cam portion 22 being cancelled, the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 moves away from the relay effector 53, and the intake valve 10 is restored to the closed state, as shown in FIG. 5 (FIG. 13(V)). Furthermore, when the pressure force is thus cancelled, at the time of the closing operation of the intake valve 10, the impact at the time when the valve head 11 abuts against the valve seat 16 is reduced due to the oil enclosed in the restoring-side damper space S3, as shown in FIG.
In order to thus reduce the impact, an opening end curve D at the time of the closing operation of the intake valve 10 indicates a low-speed closing operation, unlike the reference curve.
Similarly, in a state where the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the maximum position, at the timing of the intermediate roller 43 coming into contact with the circumferential portion (base circle) of the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20, the intake valve 10 maintains the closed state in a state where the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 abuts against the relay effector 53, as shown in FIG. 6 (FIG. 13(VI)). Furthermore, at this timing, the lash adjuster 50 achieves a positional relationship in which, due to the pressure of the oil supplied to the fluid space S1 and the biasing force of the intermediate spring 54, the pressure-receiving effector 52 projects upward and abuts against the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40.
Next, with a rotation of the camshaft 20, a pressure force is exerted on the intermediate roller 43 from the time point when the intermediate roller 43 reaches a boundary portion of the raised face (cam nose) of the cam portion 22 from the circumferential portion, and the opening operation of the intake valve 10 is smoothly started. Subsequently, the opening operation is performed with a characteristic that reflects the cam shape of the raised face, as shown in FIG. 7 (FIG. 13(VII)).
Thus, in a state where the eccentric support portion 33 is set at the maximum position, at the time of the opening operation, a smooth opening operation is performed while a state where the abutting portion 52E at the lower end of the pressure-receiving effector 52 abuts against the relay effector 53 is maintained. For this reason, the impact-absorbing operation in the lash adjuster 50 is not required, and therefore this impact-absorbing operation is not performed.
EFFECTS OF EMBODIMENT
As described above, with the valve control mechanism of the present invention, the shift amount of the rocker arm 40 in the longitudinal direction is set by controlling the actuator A based on the stepping operation on the accelerator pedal 61, the lift amount of the intake valve 10 is continuously changed, and the air intake timing of the intake valve 10 can also be changed in conjunction with this change of the lift amount. In particular, since the air intake amount can be adjusted by changing the lift amount of the intake valve 10 without adjusting the air intake amount with a throttle valve, an improvement in fuel efficiency is realized by reducing air intake resistance at the throttle valve, and consequently reducing a pumping loss.
With the configuration of the present invention, a change of the lift amount of the intake valve 10 can be realized due to provision of the configuration in which the base end portion of the rocker arm 40 is supported by the eccentric support portion 33 formed in the control member 32, the actuator A that rotates the control member 32, and the angle sensor 34 that detects the rotation angle. For this reason, the number of components of the valve control mechanism can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the rocker arm 40 is provided with the intermediate roller 43 at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction, when the cam portion 22 of the camshaft 20 abuts against the intermediate roller 43, smooth abutting is realized and friction is also suppressed due to the rotation of the intermediate roller 43.
With this configuration, an operation mode is employed in which the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40 abuts against the pressure-receiving roller 52R of the pressure-receiving effector 52 at a high speed. At the time of this abutting, the pressure-receiving roller 52R rotates, the lash adjuster 50 suppresses the impact at the time when the abutting body 44 of the rocker arm 40 abuts, and a reduction in an impact sound is also realized. Similarly, the lash adjuster 50 also suppresses the impact at the time when the abutting body 44 operates in the direction of moving away from the pressure-receiving roller 52R and the intake valve 10 operates in the closing direction, and a reduction of an impact sound is also realized. Thus, an engine sound is reduced, and the quietness is improved.
Other embodiments
Embodiments other than the above embodiment may also be employed to configure the present invention.
(a) An actuator configured to operate hydraulically is used as the actuator A provided in the shift unit 30. With this configuration, control can be realized by using a hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump driven by the engine E.
(b) A configuration is employed such that an exhaust valve is controlled using the valve control mechanism of the present invention, as also described in the embodiment. In the case of thus controlling an exhaust valve as well, since the lift speed, the lift amount, and the lift timing can be set arbitrarily, pumping loss is reduced, and exhaust at an optimum timing is realized.
Industrial Applicability
The present invention can be used as an engine valve control apparatus including a rocker arm that abuts against a cam portion of a camshaft.
Reference Signs List
10: Valve, intake valve
20: Camshaft
30: Shift unit
32: Control member
33: Eccentric support portion
40: Rocker arm
43: Intermediate roller
50: Lash adjuster
52: Pressure-receiving effector
53: Relay effector
54: Intermediate spring
55: Orifice portion
61: Accelerator operation tool (accelerator pedal)
60: Control unit (engine control unit)
A: Actuator
E: Engine
Q: Control axis
S2: Pressure receiving-side damper space
T: Pivot axis

## Claims

1. An engine valve control mechanism, comprising:
a camshaft driven to rotate;
a rocker arm that pivots around a pivot axis of a base end portion of the rocker arm in accordance with a rotation of the camshaft;
a shift unit that shifts the rocker arm in a longitudinal direction of thereof; and
a lash adjuster that abuts against another end portion of the rocker arm and transmits a pressure force from the rocker arm to a valve,
wherein the shift unit includes a control member rotatably supported around a control axis parallel with the pivot axis and pivotably supporting the base end portion of the rocker arm with respect to an eccentric support portion which is eccentric from the control axis, and
the control member rotates around the control axis by an actuator.

2. The engine valve control mechanism according to claim 1,
further comprising a control unit that, in a case where the valve is configured as an intake valve of an engine and an accelerator operation tool is operated in an accelerating direction, operates the actuator so as to increase an amount of air intake by the intake valve with an increase in an operation amount of the accelerator operation tool and shifts the rocker arm.

3. The engine valve control mechanism according to claim 1,
further comprising an intermediate roller provided rotatably around an axis parallel with the pivot axis, in an intermediate part of the rocker arm and at a position where a cam portion of the camshaft can abut against the intermediate roller.

4. The engine valve control mechanism according to claim 3,
wherein the intermediate roller is always in contact with the cam portion.

5. The engine valve control mechanism according to claim 1,
wherein the lash adjuster has, in a relatively movable manner, a pressure-receiving effector that operates when receiving a pressure force from the rocker arm, and a relay effector that transmits an operating force from the pressure-receiving effector to the valve, and has an intermediate spring that biases the pressure-receiving effector and the relay effector in separate directions, and
the lash adjuster has an orifice portion that suppresses, when the pressure-receiving effector is displaced in a direction of approaching the relay effector, an outflow of a fluid from a pressure receiving-side damper space formed in an insertion portion where the pressure-receiving effector and the relay effector are fitted to each other.

6. The engine valve control mechanism according to claim 5,
wherein an abutting body of the rocker arm is always in contact with a pressure-receiving roller provided in the pressure-receiving effector.