DISMISS; and Opinion Filed October 7, 2013.

S

In The

Court of Appeals

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

No. 05-13-00893-CV

DOUBLE DIAMOND DELAWARE, INC., DOUBLE DIAMOND, INC., WHITE BLUFF 

CLUB CORP., NATIONAL RESORT MANAGEMENT CO., R. MICHAEL WARD, 

FRED CURRAN, GEORGE COLLINS, LARRY GROPPEL, RANDY GRACY, CLARK 

WILLINGHAM, DONALD FRITZ, MILT BERGMAN, WHITE BLUFF PROPERTY

OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellants

V.

JOHN AND CATHY WALKINSHAW, ET AL,

1 Appellees

On Appeal from the 191st Judicial District Court

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-10333-J

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Moseley, Lang-Miers, and Lewis

Opinion by Justice Lang-Miers

Pursuant to appellant rule 28.2 and former civil practice and remedies code section 

51.014(d),2 appellants bring this agreed interlocutory appeal from the trial court’s general order 

granting appellees’ motion for partial summary judgment and denying appellants’ motion for 

partial summary judgment. See Act of May 27, 2005, 79th Leg. R.S., ch. 1051, § 1, 2005 Tex. 

Gen. Laws 3512, 3513 (applying to lawsuit filed on or after September 1, 2005), amended by Act 

 1 There are over one thousand appellees in this case. A complete listing of the names of the appellees can be found in the judgment.

2 This case was filed before September 1, 2011, therefore appellate rule 28.2 and former section 51.014(d) apply. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. &

REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(d) note (West Supp. 2012); TEX. R. APP. P. 28.
–2–

of May 25, 2011, 82d Leg., ch. 203, § 3.01, 2011 Tex. Gen. Laws 758, 759 (current version at 

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014 (West Supp. 2012)); TEX. R. APP. P. 28.2. At issue 

is the assessment of mandatory property owners’ association (POA) fees for golf-course 

maintenance and “a food and beverage program.” Concluding we lack jurisdiction, we dismiss 

the appeal.

BACKGROUND

Double Diamond, Inc. is a real estate development company that owns the White Bluff 

Resort at Lake Whitney, Texas. Appellees are current or former property owners in White Bluff 

subject to the disputed POA fees. Asserting, among other complaints, that the assessment of 

these fees was illegal, appellees, individually and derivatively as POA members, sued Double 

Diamond, its subsidiaries, the POA, and POA board members. Among the causes of action 

appellees alleged were “common law fraud/fraudulent inducement,” fraud in real estate, and 

breach of fiduciary duty. Additionally, appellees sought temporary and permanent injunctions 

prohibiting further assessment of the fees and a declaratory judgment that the fees were illegal 

and improper under the POA governing documents; Texas property and business organization 

codes; federal and state tax codes; and, restrictive covenant law. 

Both parties moved for partial summary judgment, each raising multiple grounds. 

Specifically, appellees sought judgment in their favor on their claim for injunctive relief and 

each of the theories presented in their declaratory judgment action. Appellants also sought 

partial summary judgment as to each of appellees’ theories for declaratory judgment and argued 

that appellees’ claims with respect to the fees being illegal and improper under the tax codes and 

the property code were not ripe, appellees did not have standing to raise them, and appellees 

could not bring their claims derivatively on behalf of the POA. 
–3–

Without stating a basis, the trial court granted appellees’ motion and denied appellants’ 

motion. In its order, the trial court also granted the parties permission to appeal under appellate 

rule 28.2 and former civil practice and remedies code section 51.014. Specifically, the order 

recited as follows:

The Court finds that permitting interlocutory appeal is warranted because: 

1. There is a controlling question of law as to which there is a substantial ground for 

difference of opinion[;]

2. An immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate termination 

of the litigation; and

3. The parties agree to an appeal of the order.

JURISDICTION

Our jurisdiction over this appeal depends on whether (1) the trial court’s interlocutory 

order involves “a controlling question of law as to which there is a substantial ground for 

difference of opinion,” and (2) “an immediate appeal . . . [may] materially advance the ultimate 

termination of the litigation.” See TEX. R. APP. P.28.2; State Fair of Tex. v. Iron Mountain Info 

Mgmt., Inc., 299 S.W.3d 261, 262 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) (interpreting former rule 

51.014(d)). Inherent in these jurisdictional requirements is that the trial court make a substantive 

ruling on the specific legal question presented on appeal. See Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Guzman, 

390 S.W.3d 593, 597 n.2 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.) (citing Colonial Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. 

v. Amaya, 372 S.W.3d 308, 310 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.); State Fair, 299 S.W.3d at 

264)); Gulley v. State Farm Lloyds, 350 S.W.3d 204, 207 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, no 

pet.). Because generally our jurisdiction is limited to appeals from final judgments and orders, 

we strictly construe any statutes, such as former section 51.014, that allow appeals from 

interlocutory orders. See Guzman, 390 S.W.3d at 596; State Fair, 299 S.W.3d at 262-63. 
–4–

In a letter brief filed at our direction, appellants identify four “controlling questions” 

which generally track the grounds asserted in the competing summary judgment motions. 

Arguing this case “is one of first impression” and the “parties’ opinion regarding the controlling 

issues of law are both divergent and fundamental,” appellants assert the parties’ arguments 

“present inter alia novel theories regarding burden of proof, enforceability of covenants (personal 

or real), statutory construction or construction of governance documents, and standing.” 

Appellants maintain that “because these differences of opinions cut to the very core of 

[a]ppellees’ claims, they must be viewed as ‘substantial.’” Citing our opinion in State Fair of 

Texas v. Iron Mountain Information Management, appellees respond, in part, that because the 

trial court did not state the basis for its ruling, the appeal does not meet the strict requirements of 

former section 51.014(d). See State Fair, 299 S.W.3d at 262, 264. We agree with appellees. 

The appealed order is silent as to the basis for the trial court’s order, and nothing in the 

record shows the trial court made a substantive ruling on any of the legal issues presented to us. 

Although the trial court generally ruled on the competing partial summary judgment motions, it 

did not rule on the substantive legal issues presented to it. See Gulley, 350 S.W.3d at 207. 

Without a substantive ruling by the trial court, we have no jurisdiction. See Guzman, 390 S.W.3d 

at 597-98. Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal. 

 

130893F.P05

/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/

ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS

JUSTICE
–5–

Court of Appeals

S

Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

JUDGMENT

DOUBLE DIAMOND DELAWARE, INC., 

DOUBLE DIAMOND, INC., WHITE 

BLUFF CLUB CORP., NATIONAL 

RESORT MANAGEMENT CO., R. 

MICHAEL WARD, FRED CURRAN, 

GEORGE COLLINS, LARRY GROPPEL, 

RANDY GRACY, CLARK 

WILLINGHAM, DONALD FRITZ, MILT 

BERGMAN AND WHITE BLUFF 

PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, 

INC., Appellants

No. 05-13-00893-CV V.

JOHN WALKINSHAW AND CATHY 

WALKINSHAW, MARK MATHISEN, 

JAMES DRAKE, GLENN CHRISTOPHER, 

GERALDINE CLARK, STEPHEN 

CLARK, WEBSTER CLARKE, TERRY 

WADE, JAMES WALDROP AND KATHY 

WALDROP, ROBERT WALKER, KELLY 

PARKS CORSO, KEVIN COX, RICHARD 

CROW, ERIC CUMMINGS, LEROY 

CURRY, REDDY DASARI, JAMES 

DAVENPORT AND SHARON

DAVENPORT, SCOTT DAVENPORT, 

ARGUSTA DAVIS, DOUGLAS DAVIS, 

SAM AINTABLIAN, RIMA MELILEYAN, 

VICTOR ALARCON AND ROSA 

ALARCON, JAMES ALDRIDGE, PETE 

On Appeal from the 191st Judicial District 

Court, Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court Cause No. DC-11-10333-J.

Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers. 

Justices Moseley and Lewis participating.
–6–

ALVARADO, ADRIANA ALVAREZ, 

DARRELL AMSDEN, WYATT 

ANDREWS, GARY ANTHONY AND 

RUBY ANTHONY, GARY AQUILINA 

AND PAMELA AQUILINA, DEBORAH 

ARNOLD, JAMES RUMAGE, BETTY 

ARNSTINE, LARRY ATKINS AND 

KAREN ATKINS, JIMMY AUGUSTINO, 

ELIZABETH ABEL, ANAS ARNOUS, 

GLORIA ARRIAGA, BUDDY ABLES, 

JOSE ACHONDO, MIKE ADAMS, 

ARMANDO AGUILAR, PAUL GASSNER, 

SCOTT GAST, BERNARD GEIGER AND 

SANDRA GEIGER, EUGENE GENDEL 

AND ANNA GENDEL, EDWARD 

GERKEN, DOUGLAS GLASPELL, 

MICKEY GLASS, EDWARD MICHAEL 

GOLUBIC, RAMON GOMEZ, GINA 

GONZALES, LANNY GOUGE, JOHN 

GOUGH, BEVERLY GRAHAM, MARVIN 

D. GRAHAM, JR., MONTY GRAHAM, 

LAN TRAN, MELVIN TRAYLOR, DAVID 

TUCKER, IDA UNGER, JAMES USSERY, 

CHARLES VANDERWOUD, 

FRANCISCO VAZQUEZ, MARCIA 

VERHAGEN AND ROBERT VERHAGEN, 

DAN BANKS, ROBERT BARRE, ULI 

BAUMERT AND BRENDA BAUMERT, 

DONALD BEAL, ROBERT BENNETT 

AND SHERI BENNETT, TERRENCE 

BENTON, SOKOL BIBERAJ, ROBERT 

BIRTH AND NANCY BIRTH, A. 

ROBERT BONNEFIL, RICHARD 

BONNER, DEBBIE BRASHEAR, 

WILLIAM BRAY, ROY BREAKER AND 

JOYCE BREAKER, SHERIDAN 

BREWER, JESSIE BRICE, JOE BRITO, 

ELSIE SPENCER, CARL BRITTON AND 

LYNETTE BRITTON, MICHAEL 

BROOKS, GILBERT BROWN, MICO 

BROWN, ALAN BRYANT, MICHAEL 

BURGESS AND CHARLOTTE BURGESS, 
–7–

KIRBY BUSH, BILL CAMPBELL, 

LARRY CAMPBELL, RALPH CAMPOS, 

ALFREDO CANLAS, DEREK CARILLO, 

RONALD CAWTHON, DOUGLAS 

CHALMERS, PAUL CHANDLER, 

SHIHAO CHARLES CHANG, 

ADALBERTO CHAVEZ, ABDEL 

CHEHADE AND RAMZIE CHEHADE, 

MIRIAM CHIAVERINI, DANIEL DAWE 

AND DEBORAH DAWE, DANIEL DE 

ORIAN, JEFF DEARMAN, RICHARD 

DEMAREST, JOSEPH DEPALMA, ALICE 

DEROUX, RUEL DIXON, DAVID DOST, 

MICHAEL EDWARDS, ARTHUR 

FRAUSTO, VALORIS FORSYTHE, 

ROBERT KELLY AND PEGGY KELLY, 

STEVE DREILING, CARROLL 

EDWARDS, GLENN EISELIN, ELDOR 

EISEN AND DOROTHY EISEN, 

RICARDO ELIZALDA, TOMMY RAY 

ELLISON, DEAN ELYOSSRI, CHRIS 

ENSENBERGER, BOBBY EVANS, 

DANIEL EVANS, LINDA FAIR AND 

GARY FAIR, GARY FARMER, CHARLES 

FIKE, CURTIS FINK, FARRELL FISHER, 

ELIZABETH JANE FLEMING, WALTER 

FOSTER, LINDA FOUNTAINE, 

THOMPSON FOY, FELIX FRANCIS, 

ROBERT FINDLEY, KENT FREDERICK, 

DAVID FREMDER, JERRY FULLER, 

WILLIAM GALLE, RAMON GARDNER, 

RAYMOND GARDNER AND SHARON 

GARDNER, PERRY GARMAN, 

WILLIAM GRAHAM, MARK

GREENLEE, CHIQUITA GRICE, JAMES 

GROSS, JACOB GROVE, KENNETH 

GRUNEWALD, MARK HALL AND 

CATHERINE HALL, DENIS M. HANLEY, 

DENNIS E. HARMS, RUTH HARRIS, JAY 

HARVEY, FRANCES HATTER, TRACY 

HAYNES, TONY HELTON, CHARLES 

HENDERSON, DWAYNE HENDERSON, 
–8–

JAMES HENICKE, DAVID HENSON, 

LEROY HERNANDEZ, JANET HERT 

AND JERRY HERT, MARC HINKLEY, 

WILLIAM HOLDER, ELIZABETH 

MERRELL, ROBERT DELORIS PHELAN, 

RALPH PHILLIPS, WAYNE PILIP, 

ROBERT POLLOCK, NANDOO 

POORAN, EFRAIN PORTALES, CRAIG 

PORTZ, LARRY PRATHER, ANDREW 

PRESTWOOD, CHARLES PROWANT 

AND MOLLIE SUE PROWANT, JOHN 

QUARELLO, RICHARD RADYKOWSKI, 

LEA REAMER, FLOYD REECE, DONNA 

REED, KEVIN REMBACKI AND ALICIA 

REMBACKI, B.R. RESPESS, GLENN 

RICHARDSON, JENNIFER

HALLIBURTON ROBERTS, MICKEY 

ROBERTS, ROGER ROBERTSON AND 

LINDA ROBERTSON, DEBBIE ROCKET, 

ROBERT ROGERS, HERMAN ROJO, 

DARYL ROLLINGS, ARTHUR 

ROSENBERG, CHARLES ROSS, STEVEN 

ROSSI, DAVID ROWE AND ROBIN 

ROWE, STEVEN RUMER, ROSA RUS 

THROUGH, REGINALD RUTLEDGE 

AND BETTY RUTLEDGE, GARY RYAN, 

LARRY SALISBURY, JAMES SANCHEZ, 

CARY SANDE AND NANCY SANDE, 

CLARENCE SANDLES, DANIEL 

SATURN, DANIEL SCOTT, ALBERT 

SELMERON, MARY ANN SHARP, 

DARLENE ANN SHAW, JULIA 

SHEEHAN, RICHARD SHIMER AND 

CAROL SHIMER, JOHNNIE 

SHOWALTER, DANIEL SIDES, JUDITH 

SINDER, RON SINENI AND ANNE 

SINENI, MIKE SKRABACZ AND KAREN 

SKRABACZ, JEFF SLADECEK AND 

MILISSA SLADECEK, JOE SLADECEK 

AND JANIS SLADECEK, ROBERT 

SLADECEK, LESLIE SMITH, PHILIP 

SMITH, JUDY SMITHEY, CHARLES 
–9–

SPEARS, RONALD SPEARS, JOHN 

STEPHENS, WARREN STEWARD, 

CHARLES STONE, LOUIS STORM AND 

BARBARA STORM, BILL STOWE, 

MATTHEW STUART, HENRY 

SUMMERFORD, STEPHEN SUMMERS, 

DANIEL SUTTON AND INEZ SUTTON, 

DENNIS SVAB AND ROSITA SVAB, 

BELVA SWANNER, ROBIN TALLEY 

AND BRENDA TALLEY, KENNETH 

TAYLOR AND JOYCE TAYLOR, 

DELORIS TERRELL, THELMA LONG, 

DONALD TELLER, THEODORA 

THOMAS, SALVADOR TORRES, JULIA 

WENSEL AS GUARDIAN FOR DORIS R 

THOMASON, JAMES TOLBERT, 

SHARON WALRATH, LIANGHSIUNG 

WANG AND HSIUYUN WANG, JEFF 

WANG, RICK WARDEN, MICHAEL 

WASSON AND PAULA WASSON, 

TERRY WATTS AND MARNI WATTS, 

CHRISTOPHER WEIDES, GENE WEST, 

RITA WHATLEY, MARY WHEELOCK, 

N. CAROLYN WICKER, VIRGIL 

WIESNER, TIM WIGGINS, JIMMY 

WILLIAMS, KELLY WILLIAMS AND 

SHAREE WILLIAMS, DUANE 

WILLMAN AND TINA WILLMAN, 

GREGORY K. WOOD, MICHAEL 

WORCESTER, JOAN WRIGHT, KEVIN 

WRIGHT, FRANKE WYNNE, TIM 

YOUNG AND STEPHANIE YOUNG, 

JOHN ZIMMER AND JOY ZIMMER, 

WES ZMOLIK, BRUCE JOINER AND 

JUDY JOINER, CLARICE JONES, 

THOMAS EVERETT JONES, ROBERT 

MORRIS JUDD, SANFORD JUDKINS, 

MADAN KAUSHAL, KIRK JOINER AND 

JAMIE KEEL, ARTHUR KELLEY, 

ROBERT KELLEY AND PEGGY 

KELLEY, RICHARD KELLY, MURARI 

KHANNA, CARLA KIDD, HERSHEL 
–10–

KIME, DAMON KING, KEVIN 

KOESTNER, JOHN LANG, MARCUS 

LAWRENCE, MAX LEE, JOHN LEMLEY, 

RAY LEWIS AND PATRICIA LEWIS, 

RONALD LEWIS, PAM LIEF, VENUS M. 

LILLYBRIDGE, VENUS J. 

LILLYBRIDGE, ANTHONY ABRANTES, 

ANTHONY ACOSTA, LUIS GARY 

ACOSTA, TRISHA ADAMS, WILLIAM 

K. ADAMS, CONSUELA MEDRANO 

ALEJANDRO, ANTHONY W. ALLEN 

AND SHARLEEN M. ALLEN, CHARLES 

G. ALLEN, DARIN ANDERSON, TODD 

ANDERSON AND KATERINA 

ANDERSON, MARCIA ARCHIBALD, 

MICHAEL ARCHULETA, STEVE 

ASBILL, ADELA Q. ASHA, JESUSA 

ASHBY AND JOHN ASHBY, JERRY H. 

BAILEY, ANTHONY BALCHUNAS, 

JERRY BALLARD, WILFREDO 

BATISTA, CEASAR BELSER AND LISA 

BELSER, CYNTHIA L. BERRY, JANICE 

A. BERRY, KELLY R. BEYER, DAVIN 

BICKFORD, TIM BISHOP, BERNIE 

BLACK, KENNETH R. BLANKENSHIP 

AND MARY SUE BLANKENSHIP, 

DIDIER BOIVIN, CELAH BOLDON, III, 

MARVIN BONNER, JR., HARVEY A. 

BRADEN, DAVID BRANHAM, DONALD 

W. BREI, BRAD BROWN, DAVID G. 

BROWN, FRED E. BROWN, JAMES C. 

BUEHRIG AND JEROLENE BUEHRIG, 

DARKO & PIEDAD BURMAZ REV. 

TRUST, ROBERT C. BURNS, CHARLES 

H. BUSEY, MARISSA CALICA, BRYCE 

K CAMERON, JEFFREY A. CARTER, 

RALPH E. CASEY, ALBERTO 

CASTILLO, LLOYD CHARLES AND 

WENDI CHARLES, ANTHONY CHEN, 

CARLOS E. CHILDS, DENNIS CIHACEK, 

KATHY CIKANEK, KENNETH L. 

CLARK, DWAYNE CLEVELAND AND 
–11–

AMY J. CLEVELAND, BRUCE 

COLTHARP, ERLENE COLVIN, 

WILLIAM B. COPELAND AND CLAIRE 

ANN COPELAND, JOANNE B. CORBET, 

DAVID CORONA, GILBERT COTA, 

ROBERT CRANSHAW AND JUDITH 

CRANSHAW, JAMES RAY CREED, 

MARIKO CROSS, JAMES CURRAN, 

JOHN DALFONSO, ALTON W. DANIEL, 

HENRY DASARI, WILLIAM H DEAN, 

MARTIN DEAVER AND DEBORAH 

DEAVER, DIPAK B. DESAI, ANA M. 

DIAZ AND SANCHEZ DIAZ AND 

ANGEL L. DIAZ, CANDIS (ESSEX) 

DICKEY, STEVEN DILLON, MAR 

DIMES, LARRY DIX, PEGGY 

DOLEZALIK, BENNY DOLLAR, JOHN P. 

DONLIN, RAYMOND DUCHSCHERER, 

MARTIN W. DUNBAR, ROBERT E. 

DUNIGAN, HYLA EMERY, ROGER 

ENGLAND, RICHARD C ENRIQUEZ, 

JOHN B ERICKSON, HAZEL ESKRIDGE, 

DAVID FAIN, DAVID O. FALLERT, 

CHRIS FARISH, HOMA FERDOWSI, 

VITO FERRARA, THOMAS W. 

FERRELL, SR., JEREMY FLEMING, H. 

RAY FODDER, PAT FOGERSON, 

CHARLSY FORD, PATRICK FOSTER 

AND LINDA FOSTER, FAYE 

FREDERICK AND DON YOST, C. BUCK 

FULLER AND YVONNE FULLER, 

ANTONIA GALINDO, MARIA J GARCIA 

AND CHRISTOPHER GARCIA, JAMES 

GARNER AND MARLA GARNER, 

RODNEY K. GASKILL, PAUL S. 

GEATER, DAVID A. GILMORE, SR., 

GERMAN M. GIRON, ANDREW GLEN 

AND CAROL GLEN, ROBERT GLENN, 

MARGARITO GONZALEZ, MARK S 

GONZALEZ, RICHARD GONZALEZ, 

RUDOLPH GONZALEZ AND MARIA 

GONZALEZ, PAUL GOOLSBY, 
–12–

TIMOTHY GOOLSBY, MARTHA 

GORDON, CAROLE GRAFF, BOB J. 

GRAHAM, PHILLIP GRAVATT, GAIL B. 

GRAY, RICHARD GRIFFIN AND HELEN 

GRIFFIN, JULIA GROMATZKY AND 

KAREN D. PECK, GEORGE C. 

GROMECKI, PETER GROSSERHODE, 

APOLINAR GUEVARRA, JR., KARL R. 

GUTZKE, ENRIQUE GUZMAN, 

NADEEM A. HADDAD, ERNEST SCOTT 

HAILE, KEITH HALL, RONALD C. 

HALVERSON, MICHAEL HANCOCK, 

GERALD A. HARE, JOHN G. HARVEY, 

GERALD E. HATFIELD, SAM HATTON 

AND BEVERLY HATTON, RIKKI 

HEMEL, GERALD HENDERSON AND 

DONNA HENDERSON, JULIAN 

HERNANDEZ AND APRIL 

HERNANDEZ, WILLIAM S. HERRIDGE, 

JAMES D. HILGER, ANGELA HILLIN, 

HEROLD HINDS AND JACQUELINE 

HINDS, JOHN C. HOBSON, ASBERRY 

HODGE AND PATRICIA HODGE, 

DARYL HOELSCHER, JOAN L. 

HOLBROOK, JOSEPH M. HOLLEY, 

WADE HOOVER, LISA C. HOUDEK, 

GARY M. HOUSE, CAROLYN HOWARD 

AND ROBERT HOWARD, KIRK HULL, 

WYNNE HUNKLER AND PAULA 

HUNKLER, TIMOTHY HUTCHENS, 

DAVID W. HUTTON, MICHAEL 

HUTYRA, MARY ICE, WILLIAM C. 

JACKSON, JAY JAGIELLO AND 

ANDRZEJ JAGIELLO, JOHN R. JARMA, 

DANIEL L. JAMORA, EDWARD J. 

JASEK AND MARY K. JASEK, BRENT 

JONES, BRIAN JONES, GLENN E. JONES 

AND JENNIFER JONES, JERRY L. 

JORDAN AND VIVIAN D JORDAN, 

JERRY L. JOYNER, JEFF KAUFMAN, 

JOHN H. KELLY AND MARGUERITE 

KELLY, D. W. KIEFF, BOBBY L. KING, 
–13–

ALAN KIRBY AND HELEN KIRBY, 

CYNTHIA D. KIRK, MARK KOON, 

BALDEV KRISHAN, EDWARD R. LANE 

AND PENNY LANE, AMBER LAPP AND 

RONALD LAPP, JASON LASH, 

ANTHONY LEDESMA, CAROLYN E. 

LEDFORD, JEFF LEMLEY, GRENVILLE 

LEWIS, IV, ARTHUR LEYHE AND 

SHARON LEYHE, JERRY LITTMAN, 

BOBBY G LIVELY, RODOLFO "RUDY" 

LOPEZ, THOMAS R. MABRY,JR., 

STEVEN J. MACDONALD, IRVIN R. 

MACK, KIRAN MAHAJAN, HAROLD 

MAPES, DAVID N MARINELLI, BRUCE 

MARLIN, L. DAVID MARSCHALL, 

EARL D. MARTIN AND BEULAH 

MARTIN, JOHN E. MARTIN, MICHAEL 

MARTIN AND SHARON MARTIN, 

ELISA MARTINEZ, WILLIAM MASON 

AND MARYANN MASON, PAUL H. 

MASSEY, PATRICK H. MATHESON, 

DAVID MCCOLLOUGH, RANDY 

MCCOLLUM AND KAREN 

MCCOLLUM, J. B. MCCRUM, II, 

ROBERT L. MCCULLOUGH, BRUCE 

MCCORMACK, MICHAEL T. MCCULLY 

AND PAMELA MCCULLY, BILLIE SUE 

MCDONALD, GLEN MCDONALD, 

JAMES MCDONALD, JOHN K. 

MCDONALD, CARROL SNOW 

STRICKER MCDOUGAL, LISA MCGEE, 

LISA R MCLEAN, PATRICIA MCMANN, 

PHILLIP MCNEEL, ROSE MELO 

REVOCABLE TRUST, PEDRO HUERTA 

MENDOZA, GERARD METZLER, 

DONALD L. MODE, FRANK 

MONTGOMERY, MOONS 

ENTERPRISES INC., BILL MORRIS, T. J. 

MOXON, GENEVA MULL, MICHAEL 

MULLINS, HENRY MURRAY, WILLIAM 

J. NAUGHTON, STEPHEN NAVICKY, 

TIA KIM NGO, BENJAMIN NOGUERAS, 
–14–

MARK NOLEN, PHIL R. NORMAN, 

JULIE A. NORTON, JOE NOVAK, JOE M. 

OLDHAM, DAVID R. OLGUIN, PHYLLIS 

(MRS. ROLAND) OLSON, REX 

ONDRACEK, GUSTAVO ARACELI 

ORTIZ, JOHN OSBORNE AND 

BEVERLY OSBORNE, ROSA OVALLE, 

VIRGIE PAJARILLO, DAVID PANNONE, 

DIANA PAPMEDER, DENNIS PARKS 

AND ROXANNE PARKS, ROY PAXTON, 

BARBARA PEEBLES, CHARLES E. 

PEEL, DAVID E. PETERS, JAMES 

PETERS, ALBIN L. PICHA, RILEY G. 

PIERCE, BRUCE A. PLASKET AND 

CLAUDIA V. PLASKET, WILIAM A. 

POMEROY, SAMUEL PRAGER, 

SATHYA PRASAD, NICANOR 

PROFETA, STACY PRUORN, GERALD 

PRYNE AND WENDY PRYNE, RUFINO 

N. QUICHO, JR., JANICE K. RAGLAND, 

RICHARD RAGSDALE AND NINA 

RAGSDALE, DAVID RAINES, LARRY 

RAMPENTHAL AND JULIE A. 

RAMPENTHAL, ROBERT J. RAY, 

ARTHUR J. REINKING, MALCOLM D. 

REX, RUDOLF REYES, CHARLES C. 

RHODES, LELAND D. RIDLING, KENT 

ROBBINS AND SUSAN ROBBINS, JOHN 

A. ROBERTS, III, LOUIS E. 

ROBICHAUX, ARMANDO N. ROCHA, 

EDWARD RODEHEAVER, STEDROY 

RODNEY, ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ, 

PAMELA RODRIGUEZ, JAMES ROSE 

AND MARILYN ROSE, JOSEPH ROSS

AND LINDA ROSS, MARGARET A. 

RUIZ, RONNIE RUSHING AND SHEILA 

RUSHING, STEPHEN V. RUSSELL, 

WILBERTO SAN LUIS, JOE V. 

SANCHEZ, STEVEN SANDERS, ALAN 

DEAN SANNER, JERRY SATHER AND 

FRANCES SATHER, MARK A. 

SCHAFER, BRENDA W. SCHERTZ, 
–15–

KENNETH SCHOEN, LEE SCHUCH AND 

ANNABETH LEE SCHUCH, STACI 

SCOTT, RALPH SEARS AND 

MARGARET SEARS, STEFAN 

SELECKY, CHRIS SELL, CHERRIE 

SELMAN, DAVE SHARMA AND 

SHASHI SHARMA, TOMMY LEON 

SHAW, LAURIE SHELLEY, KEITH A 

SHIVELY, VICTORIA SHOEMAKER, 

MICHAEL SIEGEL, HOSHIAR SINGH, 

DEBORAH D. SMITH AND DEBORAH 

A. DORR, MIKE E. SMITH, ROGER K. 

SMITH, GARY N. SNOW,

CHRISTOPHER J. SOANES, ADESH 

SOODEEN, RANDY SPARKS, ELEANOR 

W. STANDEFER, JEANNINE STARR, 

MELISSA STEELE AND ALAN STEELE, 

BART STEFFEN, GORDON STEGER, 

ROBERT E. STEPHENS, JR. RANDY 

STEWART, TERRENCE I. TELLIGMAN, 

ALEXANDER TELLO, PAMELA 

TERRELL, BARRY THOMBS, AMY 

TINDOY, GREGORY S. TONIAN, 

ANGELA RENEE TRUJILLO, ROBERT R. 

TULEY, ROBERT D. TURECHEK AND 

KAREN K. TURECHEK, DANNY 

TURRENTINE, MICHAEL VANCE AND 

NANCY VANCE, JOANNA COOPER 

VANDERPOOL, DAVID VANDIVER, 

TIM VANLARE, JERRY VAUGHN, JOE 

VEACH, NELSON R. VILLALOBOS, 

BLAKE VOGLER, JIMMIE J. WADE, 

FRED I. WAGNER, MICKEY WALKER, 

RICHARD WALKER, MARY A. 

WALLACE, PEGGY WARD, H. ROGER 

WARWICK, JIM WATSON, MICHAEL F. 

WEATHERLY, DARREN WEIRICH, 

KERRY WELCH AND MARIS WELCH, 

TIMOTHY L. WELCH, JAMES B. 

WELLING, JANICE WENTWORTH, 

GEORGE WHEELER, FRANK WHITVER 

AND MARY WHITVER, LARRY 
–16–

WILLIAMS, NEVIL WILLIAMSON, 

JEFFREY A. WILSON, JEFFREY S. 

WOLDER, FRANCES R. WOLF, 

STEPHEN L. WOOD, DEBRA DAVIS 

WOODS, ROBERT E. WRIGHT AND 

SHARON S. WRIGHT, GREG WYNN, 

DAVID YACKER, PEIJING YANG, 

MARNA YERIGAN, JOHN YEVCAK, 

MICK YOUNG AND VALERIE YOUNG, 

ROLAND YOUNG, MAYEZ ZEINE, JOEL 

C. ZIMMERMANN, JOSE ABELLA AND 

GEMMA I. ABELLA, SERGIO M. 

AGUIRRE AND ELSA R. AGUIRRE,

PEGGY ALLEN, JOSE H. ARDON, ROSA 

ARMIJOS AND ANTONIO ARMIJOS, 

RUSSELL BACK, ROBERT & SANDRA 

BAKER FAMILY TRUST, FRANK 

BALKE, THOMAS BARNES, CATHY 

BARTOLOWITS AND JOE 

BARTOLOWITS, ROY A. BASA AND 

LORI BASA, KYLE BECKER, JAKLIN 

BENJEMIN, B. DANIEL 

BERGENHAGEN, DARLENE BESHEAR,

PAT A. BLAKELY, CHARLOTTE A. 

BOOTH, FRED BOWLDEN, A. J. 

BOWMAN, STERLING BOWMAN, 

MICHAEL H. BRAUN, LARRY BROWN, 

ROBERT L. BROWN, ERNIE BROWN, 

TUAN BUI, RITA B. BURNETT, JANET 

MCWHORTER CAOUETTE, JOSEPH V. 

CARROCCIA, LARRY CARVER, ELLIE

NELIDA CHAPPEL TRUST, PAMELA S. 

CHELETTE, SCOTT CHESHIRE, SANG 

CHEL CHUNG, PAUL CLAMPITT, 

JEFFREY B. CLEARY, SCOTT A. 

COBERN, RONALD B. COKER AND 

BARBARA A. COKER, ROBERT 

COMEAU, DAVID CONE, JOSE 

CORTES, HENRY CRAWLEY III, 

MARTIN L. CRISSEY, CALVIN O. 

CROSBY, STEFANO D’AMICO, GARY 

DANDOY AND LINDA DANDOY, 
–17–

HENRY C. DAVIS, ROBERT GLENN 

DAVIS, CLAUDE S. DEAN, JEFFREY 

DEAN, LEE J. DEGROOT, LEVI DELEON 

AND SONIA DELEON, ROBERT 

DEVERNA, ROSELIS DIAZ, GARY 

DOOLEY AND KATHY DOOLEY, JEFF 

DOSSETT, ELKE B. DROZD-WILLIAMS, 

EDWARD W. DURHAM, DALE EATON, 

STEWART M. EDINGER, TERRY 

EHRHARDT, BILL ELLIS, CYNTHIA 

ENGELHARDT, JAMES L. ERBY, 

AILLEN JOY ESCOLAR, LARRY D. 

ESTES, BUTCH EUSTICE, 

EXCELLENCE CUSTOM HOMES, LLC, 

ROBERT FAGARAGAN AND

JOANALYN FAGARAGAN, STEVE 

FEHMEL, BOB FEIDLER, JOSEPH &

PENNI FEIL, HARRY N. FINDOR, 

RICHARD M. FISHER, RICHARD FLATT 

AND DEBRA FLATT, ELOY FLOREZ 

AND PEGGY FLOREZ, STEPHEN R. 

FOXX, SCOTT FRANKS, KEVIN 

FREUND, DAHLIA J. C. FULGENCE, 

EMMETT FUNDERBURK, BOBBY LEE 

GERMANY, JAY GIMPLE, BERNARD A. 

GOBAR, JR., KIM JAMES GORUM, 

TIMOTHY GOTTLEBER, NEIL R. GOVE, 

SANDRA GRAHAM, GILBERT 

GRANADO, GORDON K. GREEN, 

CARMEN A. GREEN, W. E. GUINN, 

ESTER GULTOM, FRANK A. HABERL, 

MICHAEL R. HALL, T. COLLIN 

HAMPTON-KELLY, DONNA HANCOCK, 

PAULA HANDRUP, ODIE L. HARRIS 

JR., OLLIE E. HARTGROVES JR., 

BERNIE R. HARTIS, MATTHEW 

HAYDEN, DEBBIE HAYS, STEVEN 

HEIFETZ, JERRY HELTON, ISRAEL 

HERNANDEZ, JESUS HERRERA, DORIS 

A. HILL, JOHN HINCHMAN, TAMI 

HOGAN, ROBERT HOLLEMAN, 

CHARLSEY L. HOLLER, JAMES 
–18–

HOLLEY, IRA G. HOOD TRUST C/O 

HELEN HOOD, BOB W. HORTON, 

RUDOLF HOUDTZAGERS AND 

MARIANNE HOUDTZAGERS, PHILLIP 

L. HOULTON, SR., SHAWNE 

HUNTINGFORD, THOMAS HYMAN 

AND JANICE HYMAN, JORGE IBARRA, 

ROBERT WAYNE INZER, B. R. ISRAEL, 

JOE W. IVIE, TOMMIE HOPE JACKSON, 

JOHN R. JARMA, ROBIN JENTZEN, 

GARY JOHANSEN AND GEORGIANA 

JOHANSEN, GARY JOHNSON AND 

CAROL JOHNSON, FRANCES M. 

JOHNSON, JEFF JONES, RICHAEL M. 

JONES, CATHY JOSEPH, DAVID 

KALISKI, TERRY KERR AND 

BARBARA KERR, ANTHONY 

CHADWICK KESTLER, SABRA KHAN 

AND MOHAMED KHALID, ABDUL M. 

KHAN AND HUMA J. KHAN, JAMES 

KILGORE AND DEBRA KILGORE, 

THERESA KING AND DAVID L. KING, 

JR., DONALD R. KNIGHT, CHESTER 

KOWALSKI, KENTON KRAFT, ARTHUR 

R. KRULL, JOSEPH K. LAYTON, JOHN 

P. LEE, TERRY R. LEE, DAVID P. 

LEWIS, MICHAEL LOBMEYER, JAMES 

E. LOCK, DANIEL LOPEZ, WESLEY T. 

LOWERY, GAIL A. MADISON, 

MATTHEW S. MARTIN AND KELLY A. 

MARTIN, ALEJANDRO MAURICIO, 

MICHELE MCCAA, CARL R. 

MCCORKLE, BRUCE MCCORMACK, 

DONALD MCCRACKIN, VICKIE 

MCDONALD, MICHAEL E. MEAD, 

BOYD L. MELBOURNE, DARRELL D. 

MILIAN, JOHN MITCHELL AND JUDY 

MITCHELL, CATHERINE S. MOLAVI, 

JOHN MONTGOMERY AND CAROLYN 

MONTGOMERY, RANDALL MOORE, 

TONY MORRIS, DAVID R. MOSES, JEFF 

MOULDER, ROBERT MUNSON III, 
–19–

JOEY MURTHIL, BRADY NELSON, 

WARREN D. NICHOLS AND MAUREEN 

Q. NICHOLS, RICKY L. NOBLE, 

RAYMOND NOTTINGHAM, JR., 

RICHARD W. DNEAL, JAMES E. 

OLIVER, LEROY OLIVER AND LILLIE 

R. OLIVER, OLSON LIVING TRUST C/O 

GEORGE OLSON AND CAROL OLSON, 

JAMES L. OWENS, H. WAYNE 

OWSLEY, LESLIE PAIS, DONALD R. 

PATTERSON AND MARY LU 

PATTERSON, TANYA PAYNE, JAMES 

STEVEN PEACOCK, AUSTIN 

PEMPSELL, BOBBY PESCHEL, 

RICHARD C. PETERS, VALERIE 

PETERSON, JAMES PHELAN, RANDY 

POLAK AND CHARLES P. POLAK, JR., 

JOSLYN V. PORTMANN, ROSA 

POTTER, VAL V. PRATHER, MARK 

PRINCE, DOMINIC C. QUARTIER, 1993 

RAMBAJAN TRUST, ANTHONY N. AND 

CARMELITA D. RAMBAJAN 

TRUSTEES, DAVID RAMSEY, 

MICHAEL E. REITER, SAM REYNOLDS, 

ROBERT RHINE, PAUL W. RICHARDS, 

DON RIDENOUR, CHRIS RIFFE, 

WILLIAM RISK, TOMMY RITTER AND 

SUSAN GOLDEN, RON ROBINSON, 

GUSTAVO RODRIGUEZ, RICHARD 

ROMAN, MICHAEL E. ROPER, 

MICHAEL C. ROWAN, MICHAEL R. 

RUCKMAN, JULIETE SATCHELL, 

MARVIN SAUNDERS, CRAIG 

SCHACHERER, GREGORY C. 

SCHAECHER, JEFF SCHMUCKER, 

BARBARA SCHREIB, RONALD 

SCHULZE, LEWIS SEALES AND 

CHARLOTTE SEALES, JAMES SEARS, 

WAYNE SIBLEY, ERVIN SIEMONEIT 

AND BARBARA SIEMONEIT, JACK 

SIMMONS, GURJEET SINGH, 

GEOFFREY SLOMA, JOHN L. SMITH, 
–20–

MARIA A. SNELL, DORIS SPANGLER, 

ROYCE A. SPARKS AND ANA M. 

SPARKS, JOHN R. SPEER, DAVID P. 

STAPP, LARRY B. STEVENSON, DAVID 

STEWARD, ELMER SUMMERS, 

MARVIN SWAIN, WILLIAM F. TAYLOR 

III, KERRY THERWHANGER, EULA 

THOMAS, SANDRA GREENE 

THOMPSON AND FERNANDO 

THOMPSON, ROSA L. TORO AND 

RAFAEL MONTALV, LUANN B. 

TUCKER, MICHAEL URESTI, RENE 

VICUNA, DOMINGO VILLAFANA, 

DELFINA VILLARREAL, GAIL 

VOELCKER, LARRY VUNCANNON, 

MARILU WALKER AND WILLIAM 

WALKER, JR., MICHAEL H. WALLACE, 

PHIL WALLIN, DAVID WALLS, 

MICHAEL WALSH, DOUG WALTHER, 

RISSIE WALTON, JOHN WARREN AND 

LAURA WARREN, RANDY 

WATTENWORTH, RUSSELL N. 

WEILER, S. SCOTT WEIMER, ALLAN P 

WELCH, ROD L. WELLS, EUPHEMIA 

WERNLI, GLORIA WEST, JOHN R. 

WHITE, CLIFTON WHITING, GEORGIA 

S. WIGINTON, DANIEL WILLIAMS AND 

AMBER WILLIAMS, N. DOUG 

WILLIAMS, LARRY R. WILSON AND 

WENDI L. WILSON, STEPHEN I. 

WINARICK, RODNEY SCOTT WINGER, 

JAY E. WINTERS, DICK WOODWARD 

AND TERIL WOODWARD, TOLBERT H. 

WORLEY, JR., KEN YAKO, DWAYNE 

YAMBRA, DAVID A. YOCUM, 

MICHAEL G. YOUNG, SIMON YUAN 

AND DILI YUAN, ROSIE ZAIZAR, 

RAYMOND ZAMARIPPA AND 

VIRGINIA L. ZAMARIPPA, WILLIAM L. 

ZILLMAN, JOHN ZUCHA, TROY 

ANDREWS, TRINA HALL, KELLY A. 

CRANE, WILLIAM DORSEY AND 
–21–

LINDA DORSEY, MICHELLE 

MCMANUS, MICHAEL F. MILLER, 

LAURA RODRIGUEZ, CHRIS SPROLES, 

KEVIN M WALCZYK, DIANA WILSON, 

WESLEY ZMOLIK, LARRY BROWN, 

RODNEY CASTLE AND ACIA CASTLE, 

ANTHONY DARWIN, FRANCES AND 

LYNDA KELLEY JOHNSON, BRET 

OLTJEN AND ANGELA OLTJEN, 

MICHAEL E. REITER, LAURA 

RODRIGUEZ, AND CHRIS SPROLES,

Appellees

In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, we DISMISS the appeal.

We ORDER that each party bear its own costs of this interlocutory appeal.

Judgment entered this 7th day of October, 2013.

/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/

ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS

JUSTICE