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Title:   Author  item
                                            Hughes, Hollyitem
                                            Bond, Zahraitem
                                            GAUGER, PHILLIP - Iowa State Universityitem
                                            Baker, Amyitem
                                            Brockmeier, Susanitem
                                            Loving, Crystal
  Submitted to: American Association for Immunology
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/15/2015
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Vaccine associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) has been described in pigs vaccinated with whole-inactivated influenza virus (WIV) following infection with heterologous influenza A virus (IAV). WIV vaccination elicits production of cross-reactive, non-neutralizing antibody to the challenge IAV strain suggesting circulating immune complexes and/or antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity could contribute to pathology. Moreover, pathological findings in VAERD lungs include significant lymphocytic infiltration and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In order to further delineate the immune mechanism associated with VAERD versus partial-protection we defined the lymphocyte populations infiltrating the lungs following challenge, as well as level of complement activation. Post-challenge, IAV-specific IFN-gamma secreting cells in the lungs were increased in pigs with VAERD compared to non-vaccinated, challenged controls. CD8 T cells and NK cells were significantly higher in the lungs of pigs protected from homologous challenge, suggesting these cells may play a role in protection. Interestingly, pigs with VAERD had a significant increase in memory T cells that was not observed in pigs without VAERD. Additionally, complement activation was significantly higher in the lungs of pigs experiencing VAERD. These data further describe the lymphocytic pathology associated with VAERD and suggest a role for complement activation in the development of VAERD disease pathology.


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