UNITED STATES


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


Washington, D.C. 20549





FORM 10-Q


(Amendment No. 1)





x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934





For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011





OR





 ̈
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934





Commission file number: 001-34246





SMARTHEAT INC.


(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)





Nevada

98-0514768(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation

or organization)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)





A-1, 10, Street 7

Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Shenyang, China

110141(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)





+86 (24) 2519-7699(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)





Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days.


YES  x    NO   ̈





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).


YES   ̈    NO   ̈





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer, “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.





Large accelerated filer  ̈
Accelerated filer xNon-accelerated filer  ̈
Smaller reporting company  ̈(do not check if a smaller reporting company)





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).


YES   ̈   NO  x





Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 38,601,939 shares of common stock outstanding as of May 6, 2011.





Table of Contents





EXPLANATORY NOTE





We are filing this Amendment No. 1, or the First Amendment, to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011, to amend the “Item 4. Controls and Procedures” of the Quarterly Report originally filed on May 10, 2011, or the Original Report. This First Amendment is being made to address certain comments received from the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.





Except as stated herein, this First Amendment does not reflect events occurring after the filing of the Original Report on May 10, 2011, and no attempt has been made in this First Amendment to modify or update other disclosures as presented in the Original Report. Accordingly, this First Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Report and our filings with the SEC subsequent to the filing of the Original Report.





Table of Contents





SmartHeat Inc.





Table of Contents





PagePART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATIONItem 1.
Financial Statements


1Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


20Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk


26Item 4.
Controls and Procedures


26PART II. OTHER INFORMATIONItem 1.
Legal Proceedings


27Item 1A.
Risk Factors


27Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


27Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities


27Item 5.
Other Information


27Item 6.
Exhibits


27Signatures


28Exhibit Index


29





Table of Contents


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION





Item 1. Financial Statements





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS





March 31, 2011

(Unaudited)


December 31, 2010ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash & equivalents

$
28,977,909


$
56,806,471Restricted cash


1,701,852



1,949,742Accounts receivable, net


47,837,392



47,224,476Retentions receivable


3,411,190



2,548,401Advances to suppliers


12,554,316



8,351,579Other receivables, prepayments and deposits


10,407,284



6,301,772VAT receivable


460,453



-Inventories


31,697,428



26,585,362Deferred tax asset


741,856



380,232Notes receivable - bank acceptances


691,759



1,457,457Total current assets


138,481,439



151,605,492NON-CURRENT ASSETSRestricted cash


18,577



502,672Retentions receivable


71,259



1,062,167Construction in progress


242,891



81,204Property and equipment, net


10,183,046



8,381,019Intangible assets, net


15,181,592



14,243,734Goodwill


11,148,487



-Deferred tax asset


-



22,266Other non-current


24,132



-Total noncurrent assets


36,869,984



24,293,062TOTAL ASSETS

$
175,351,423


$
175,898,554LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable

$
7,813,142


$
4,490,333Unearned revenue


1,764,285



1,131,193Taxes payable


58,641



2,000,456Accrued liabilities and other payables


1,522,783



3,039,701Notes payable - bank acceptances


881,421



2,207,280Loans payable


10,402,050



9,059,749Total current liabilities


22,442,322



21,928,712DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY


252,623



-LONG-TERM PAYABLE


11,677



-COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYCommon stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized, 38,551,939 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010


38,552



38,552Paid in capital


102,302,113



102,251,027Statutory reserve


4,268,222



5,301,918Accumulated other comprehensive income


6,045,491



4,252,261Retained earnings


38,579,908



41,500,015Total Company stockholders' equity


151,234,286



153,343,773NONCONTROLLING INTEREST


1,410,515



626,069TOTAL EQUITY


152,644,801



153,969,842TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

$
175,351,423


$
175,898,554





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.





1
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)


(UNAUDITED)





THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,2011


2010Net sales

$
7,892,149


$
9,368,836Cost of goods sold


5,330,229



6,129,801Gross profit


2,561,920



3,239,035Operating expensesSelling


1,929,155



644,923General and administrativeR&D expense


128,982



290,573Bad debt expense


2,068,854



322,828G&A expenses - other


2,949,464



163,595Total operating expenses


7,076,455



1,421,919(Loss) income from operations


(4,514,535
)


1,817,116Non-operating income (expenses)Interest income


75,334



155,037Interest expense


(130,172
)


(61,252
)Financial expense


(20,427
)


(4,313
)Foreign exchange transaction loss


(125,100
)


-Other income


156,359



66,735Other expenses


(123,654
)


(240
)Total non-operating (expenses) income, net


(167,660
)


155,967(Loss) income before income tax


(4,682,195
)


1,973,083Income tax (benefits) expense


(680,899
)


269,520(Loss) income from operations


(4,001,296
)


1,703,563Less: (Loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest


(47,494
)


482(Loss) income to SmartHeat Inc.


(3,953,802
)


1,703,081Other comprehensive itemForeign currency translation gain


1,793,230



23,054Comprehensive (loss) income

$
(2,160,572
)

$
1,726,135Basic weighted average shares outstanding


38,551,939



32,794,875Diluted weighted average shares outstanding


38,551,939



32,864,453Basic (loss) earnings per share

$
(0.10
)

$
0.05Diluted (loss) earnings per share

$
(0.10
)

$
0.05





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.





2
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


(UNAUDITED)





THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,2011


2010CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:(Loss) income including noncontrolling interest adjustments

$
(4,001,296
)

$
1,703,563Adjustments to reconcile (loss) income including noncontrolling interest to net cash used in operating activities:Depreciation and amortization


366,811



228,614Unearned interest on accounts receivable


(27,755
)


39,574Stock option compensation expense


51,085



752Changes in deferred tax


(752,593
)


(7,584
)(Increase) decrease in current assets:Accounts receivable, net


953,216



8,273,722Retentions receivable


163,638



(215,311
)Advances to suppliers


(4,101,704
)


(887,598
)Other receivables, prepayments and deposits


(4,840,886
)


(948,705
)Inventories


(2,877,453
)


(11,996,634
)Increase (decrease) in current liabilities:Accounts payable


2,270,069



(2,070,772
)Unearned revenue


619,602



(100,387
)Taxes payable


(2,020,415
)


(3,263,301
)Accrued liabilities and other payables


(1,263,461
)


2,498,738Net cash used in operating activities


(15,461,142
)


(6,745,329
)CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Change in restricted cash


753,705



(35,320
)Acquisition of property & equipment


(830,858
)


(146,457
)Acquisition of intangible asset


(63,176
)


-Notes receivable


777,259



51,427Cash acquired from acquisition


448,849



-Cash paid at acquisition


(13,488,030
)


-Construction in progress


(160,210
)


-Net cash used in investing activities


(12,562,461
)


(130,350
)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Proceeds from short term loan


486,086



-Cash contribution from noncontrolling interest


744,512



-Payment on notes payable


(1,342,691
)


-Net cash used in financing activities


(112,093
)


-EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE ON CASH & EQUIVALENTS


307,134



(12,791
)NET DECREASE IN CASH & EQUIVALENTS


(27,828,562
)


(6,888,470
)CASH & EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD


56,806,471



48,967,992CASH & EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD

$
28,977,909


$
42,079,522Supplemental cash flow data:Income tax paid

$
1,343,218


$
648,603Interest paid

$
141,263


$
61,252





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.





3
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS





SmartHeat Inc., formerly known as Pacific Goldrim Resources, Inc. (the “Company” or “SmartHeat”), was incorporated on August 4, 2006, in the State of Nevada. The Company, through its wholly owned operating subsidiaries in China, designs, manufactures, sells and services plate heat exchangers (“PHEs”), PHE Units, which combine PHEs with various pumps, temperature sensors, valves and automated control systems, and heat meters for use in commercial and residential buildings..





On April 14, 2008, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with Shenyang Taiyu Machinery and Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd. ("Taiyu") and the Taiyu Shareholders. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, all of the equitable and legal rights, title and interests in and to Taiyu’s share capital of Yuan 25,000,000 were exchanged for 18,500,000 shares of SmartHeat’s common stock (the “Share Exchange”). Concurrent with the Share Exchange, one of SmartHeat’s shareholders cancelled 2,500,000 shares of the 6,549,900 issued and outstanding shares of SmartHeat common stock pursuant to a split-off agreement dated April 14, 2008. As a result of the Share Exchange, Taiyu became a wholly owned subsidiary of SmartHeat.





Prior to the acquisition of Taiyu, the Company was a non-operating public shell. Pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules, the merger or acquisition of a private operating company into or by a non-operating public shell with nominal net assets is considered a capital transaction rather than a business combination. Accordingly, for accounting purposes the transaction was treated as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization and pro-forma information is not presented. Transaction costs incurred in the reverse acquisition were expensed.





Taiyu was incorporated in Liaoning Province, China in July 2002. Taiyu manufactures and sells PHEs, PHE Units and heat meters. The Company is an authorized dealer of Sondex brand PHEs; Sondex is the second largest plate PHE manufacturer in the world.





On September 25, 2008, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the "Agreement") with Asialink (Far East) Limited ("Asialink") to acquire all outstanding capital stock of SanDeKe Co., Ltd., a Shanghai based manufacturer of PHEs  ("SanDeKe"). The purchase price for SanDeKe was $741,516. Under the terms of the Agreement, two shareholders of SanDeKe agreed not to compete with SanDeKe’s business for four years after SanDeKe was purchased.





On June 12, 2009, the Company incorporated a new subsidiary, SmartHeat Siping Beifang Energy Technology Co., Ltd.(“SmartHeat Siping”), to manufacture PHEs.





On June 16, 2009, Taiyu closed an asset purchase transaction with Siping Beifang Heat Exchanger Manufacture Co.,Ltd. (“Siping Beifang”), a company organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), to purchase certain assets consisting of the plant, equipment and certain land use rights for RMB 54,000,000 ($7,906,296). Taiyu then transferred all the acquired assets to SmartHeat Siping, the newly incorporated subsidiary. The Company paid RMB 7,250,000 ($1,061,500) upon the completion of inventory inspection.  At March 31, 2011, the Company has paid in full  the remaining purchase consideration.





On August 14, 2009, the Company formed Beijing SmartHeat Jinhui Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jinhui”), a joint venture in Beijing with registered capital of RMB 10 million ($1.46 million), to provide consulting services and expand the Company’s sales of PHEs into new industries and regions of China. SmartHeat owns 52% of Jinhui and invested approximately $765,000.





On April 7, 2010, the Company formed SmartHeat (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (“SmartHeat Investment”), an investment holding company and wholly owned subsidiary in Shenyang with registered capital of $70 million.





On April 12, 2010, SmartHeat Investment formed SmartHeat (Shenyang) Energy Equipment Co., Ltd. (“SmartHeat Energy”), a wholly owned subsidiary in Shenyang with registered capital of $30 million, for research, development, manufacturing and sales of energy products. SmartHeat Energy has not commenced operations as of March 31, 2011.





On May 6, 2010, SmartHeat formed SmartHeat (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. (“SmartHeat Trading”) through a nominee. The Company made a capital contribution of $1.5 million and is entitled to 100% of the profit or loss of SmartHeat Trading.





In January 2011, the Company invested $771,658 to found a joint venture, Hohhot Ruicheng Technology Co., Ltd.  (“Ruicheng”), in Hohhot City, China for 51% equity interest to design and manufacture heat meters.





On March 3, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of Gustrower Warmepumpen GmbH (“GWP”), a designer and manufacturer of high efficiency heat pumps in Germany, from Conergy AG. This acquisition will extend the Company’s clean technology heating solutions into the rapidly growing heat pump markets in Europe and China, enabling its customers to purchase technologically advanced heat pumps at competitive prices. The  price was EUR 4,248,082 ($5,898,887) and was paid at closing.





4
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





On March 1, 2011, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Shenyang Bingchuan Refrigerating Machine Limited Company (“Bingchuan”), a Shenyang based state-owned heat pump manufacturer and designer. The Company paid RMB 50 Million ($7.6 Million) to acquire 95% of the equity of Bingchuan; the local government will retain the remaining 5% equity.





2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES





Principles of Consolidation





The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SmartHeat’s US parent, Taiyu, SanDeKe, SmartHeat Siping, Jinhui, SmartHeat Investment, SmartHeat Energy, SmartHeat Trading, Ruicheng, GWP and Bingchuan. The "Company" refers collectively to SmartHeat parent, Taiyu, SanDeKe, SmartHeat Siping, Jinhui, SmartHeat Investment, SmartHeat Energy, SmartHeat Trading, Ruicheng, GWP and Bingchuan. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.





Non-Controlling Interest





Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, “Consolidation,” which established new standards governing the accounting for and reporting of noncontrolling interests (NCIs) in partially owned consolidated subsidiaries and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things, that NCIs, previously referred to as minority interests, be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability, as was previously the case, that increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership interest that leave control intact be treated as equity transactions rather than as step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses and that losses of a partially owned consolidated subsidiary be allocated to the NCI even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance. This standard also required changes to certain presentation and disclosure requirements. Losses attributable to the NCI in a subsidiary may exceed the NCI’s interests in the subsidiary’s equity. The excess attributable to the NCI is attributed to those interests. The NCI shall continue to be attributed its share of losses even if that attribution results in a deficit NCI balance.





Use of Estimates





In preparing the financial statements in conformity with US generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”), management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting year. Significant estimates, required by management, include the recoverability of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts and the reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. Actual results could differ from those estimates.





Cash and Equivalents





For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2011, the Company maintained restricted cash of $1,720,429 in several bank accounts, of which $1.04 million was cash deposits from customers for securing payment from such customers no later than the warranty period expiration and approximately $0.68 million was deposits the Company paid to a commercial bank for the bank issuing bank acceptances to the Company’s vendors. Of the total restricted cash at March 31, 2011, $1,701,852 will be released to the Company within one year. As of December 31, 2010, the Company maintained restricted cash of $2,452,414 in several bank accounts, of which $1.05 million was cash deposits from customers for securing payment from such customers no later than the warranty period expiration and approximately $1.40 million was deposits the Company paid to a commercial bank for the bank issuing bank acceptances to the Company’s vendors. Of the total restricted cash at December 31, 2010, $1,949,742 will be released to the Company within one year.





Accounts and Retentions Receivable





The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Based on historical collection activity, the Company had allowances of $4,696,748 and $2,298,329  at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.





5
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company had retentions receivable from customers for product quality assurance of $3,482,449 and $3,610,568, respectively. The retention rate varies from 5% to 20% of the sales price with variable terms from 3 months to 2 years depending on the shipping date of the products and the number of heating seasons that the warranty period covers.





Accounts receivable is net of unearned interest of $51,115 and $81,041 at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. Unearned interest is imputed interest on accounts receivable with due dates over 1 year from the invoice date discounted at the Company's borrowing rate, which was 5.81% at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010.





Advance to Suppliers





The Company makes advances to certain vendors to purchase its material and equipment. The advances are interest-free and unsecured.





Inventories





Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a moving weighted average basis. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct material, direct labor and an allocated portion of production overheads.





Property and Equipment





Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method with a 10% salvage value and estimated lives as follows:





Building
20 yearsVehicles
5 yearsOffice Equipment
5 yearsProduction Equipment
5-10 years





Land Use Rights





Right to use land is stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over 50 years.





Impairment of Long-Lived Assets





Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.





Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. Based on its review, the Company believes that, as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, there were no significant impairments of its long-lived assets.





Warranties





The Company offers to all customers standard warranties on its products for one or two heating seasons depending on the terms negotiated. The Company accrues for warranty costs based on estimates of the costs that may be incurred under its warranty obligations. The warranty expense and related accrual is included in the Company's selling expenses and other payables respectively, and is recorded when revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the Company's warranty liability include the number of units sold, its estimates of anticipated rates of warranty claims, costs per claim and estimated support labor costs and the associated overhead. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.





6
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





The Company's warranty reserve at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, are as follows:





2011


2010Beginning balance

$
398,292


$
675,562Provisions made or adjusted


(196,236
)


(277,270
)Actual costs incurred


(97,212
)


-Ending balance in current liabilities

$
104,844


$
398,292





Research and Development Costs





Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses. These costs primarily consist of cost of materials used and salaries paid for the development department of the Company and fees paid to third parties. Research and development costs for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010, were $128,982 and $290,573, respectively.





Income Taxes





The Company utilizes Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 740), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.





The Company adopted the provisions of the FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (codified in FASB ASC Topic 740). When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.





Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits is classified as interest expense and penalties are classified as selling, general and administrative expense in the statements of income. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010 , the Company had not taken any significant uncertain tax position on its tax return for 2009 and prior years or in computing its tax provision for 2009.





Revenue Recognition





The Company's revenue recognition policies are in compliance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 605). Sales revenue is recognized when PHEs and heat meters are delivered, and for PHE Units when customer acceptance occurs, the price is fixed or determinable, no other significant obligations of the Company exist and collectability is reasonably assured. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition met are recorded as unearned revenue.





The Company’s sales generally provide for 30% of the purchase price on placement of an order, 30% on delivery, 30% upon installation and acceptance of the equipment after customer testing and 10%  no later than the termination of the standard warranty period, which ranges from 3 to 24 months from the acceptance date.





Sales revenue is the invoiced value of goods, net of value-added tax ("VAT"). All of the Company’s products sold in the PRC are subject to a VAT of 17% of the gross sales price. This VAT may be offset by the VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing the Company’s finished product. The Company recorded VAT payable and VAT receivable net of payments in the financial statements. The VAT tax return is filed offsetting the payables against the receivables.





Sales and purchases are recorded net of VAT collected and paid as the Company acts as an agent for the government. VAT taxes are not affected by the income tax holiday.





7
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Sales returns and allowances were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010. The Company does not provide a right of return, price protection or any other concessions to its customers.





The Company provides a standard warranty to all customers, which is not considered an additional service; rather,   an integral part of the product’s sale. The Company believes the existence of its standard product warranty in a sales contract does not constitute a deliverable in the arrangement and thus there is no need to apply the EITF 00-21 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 605-25) separation and allocation model for a multiple deliverable arrangement. SFAS 5 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 450) specifically addresses the accounting for standard warranties and neither SAB 104 nor EITF 00-21 supersedes SFAS 5. The Company believes that accounting for its standard warranty pursuant to SFAS 5  does not impact revenue recognition because the cost of honoring the warranty can be reliably estimated.





The Company charges for after-sales services provided after the expiration of the warranty period, with after-sales services mainly consisting of cleaning PHEs and repairing and exchanging parts. The Company recognizes such revenue when service is provided. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010, revenue from after-sales services after the expiration of the warranty period was $84,800 and $17,390, respectively.





Cost of Goods Sold





Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead that are directly attributable to the products. Write-down of inventories to the lower of cost or market is also recorded in cost of goods sold.





Unearned Revenue





Unearned revenue represents payments for goods received by the Company before all relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied.





Concentration of Credit Risk





Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of its customers’ financial condition and customer payment practices to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.





The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC, as well as by the general state of the PRC economy.





Goodwill





Goodwill is the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“Statement No. 142”), codified in ASC Topic 350, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment, annually or when circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. Impairment testing is performed at a reporting unit level. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, with the fair value of the reporting unit determined using discounted cash flow (“DCF”) analysis. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF analysis to forecast operating cash flows, including the discount rate, the internal rate of return and projections of realizations and costs to produce. Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated.





The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired from GWP of $5.1 million was recorded as goodwill. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired from Bingchuan of $5.6 million was recorded as goodwill. As of March 31, 2011, the Company concluded there was no impairment of goodwill.





Statement of Cash Flows





In accordance with SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” codified in FASB ASC Topic 230, cash flows from the Company's operations are calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts shown on the statement of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding asset and liability on the balance sheet.





8
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share (EPS)





Basic EPS is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similarly, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted EPS are based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method. Under this method, options and warrants are assumed to have been exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.





The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010:





2011


2010Net income (loss)

$
(3,953,802
)

$
1,703,081Weighted average shares outstanding - basic


38,551,939



32,794,875Effect of dilutive securities:Unexercised warrants and options


-



69,578Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted


38,551,939



32,864,453Earnings (loss) per share - basic

$
(0.10
)

$
0.05Earnings (loss) per share - diluted

$
(0.10
)

$
0.05





Fair Value of Financial Instruments





For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:





§
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.





§
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.





§
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.





The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815.





As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company did not identify any assets and liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheet at fair value.





Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)





The accounts of the Company’s China subsidiaries are maintained in the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (RMB) and the accounts of the U.S. parent company are maintained in the U.S. Dollar (USD). The accounts of the China subsidiaries were translated into USD in accordance with SFAS No. 52, "Foreign Currency Translation" (codified in FASB ASC Topic 830), with the RMB as the functional currency for the China subsidiaries. According to the Statement, all assets and liabilities were translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity are translated at the historical rates and statement of operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the year. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income in accordance with SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 220).





9
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Stock-Based Compensation





The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 123” (codified in FASB ASC Topics 718 and 505). The Company recognizes in the income statement the grant date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees.





Segment Reporting





SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" (codified in FASB ASC Topic 280), requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company's management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.





SFAS No. 131 has no effect on the Company's financial statements as substantially all of the Company's operations are conducted in one industry segment.





Registration Rights Agreement





The Company accounts for payment arrangements under registration rights agreements in accordance with FASB Staff Position EITF 00-19-2 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 815), which requires the contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a registration payment arrangement, whether issued as a separate agreement or included as a provision of a financial instrument or other agreement, be separately recognized and measured in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (codified in FASB ASC Topic 450).





Under the terms of the registration rights agreement entered into between the Company and the investors in the Company’s private placement offering  in 2008, the Company was required to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC within 60 days of the closing of the private placement and the Registration Statement must have been declared effective by the SEC within 180 days of the final closing of the private placement. Subject to certain grace periods, the Registration Statement must remain effective and available for use until the investors can sell all of the securities covered by the Registration Statement without restriction pursuant to Rule 144. If the Company fails to meet the filing or effectiveness requirements of the Registration Statement, the Company is required to pay liquidated damages of 2% of the purchase price paid by such investor for any registrable securities then held by such investor on the date of such failure and on each anniversary of the date of such failure until such failure is cured. The last closing under the private placement was on September 24, 2008, and the 180-day period for effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the registration rights agreement ended  March 23, 2009. At March 31, 2009, the Company became liable to pay approximately $110,000 in liquidated damages to the investors because the Registration Statement had not been declared effective by the SEC within 180 days of the final closing of the offering. The liquidated damages were recorded as the Company’s G&A expense with charging corresponding account to accrued liabilities. The Registration Statement became effective on June 23, 2009, a post-effective amendment became effective on May 21, 2010, and another post-effective amendment became effective on April 20, 2011. The Company paid $63,004 for the liquidated damages and the remaining $46,996 was waived by investors.





Reclassifications





Certain prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to the manner of presentation in the current period.





10
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





New Accounting Pronouncements





In April 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2010-13, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades. This update provides amendments to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718 to clarify that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The amendments in this update should be applied by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be calculated for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the amendments are initially applied, as if the amendments had been applied consistently since the inception of the award. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be presented separately. Earlier application is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In December 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-28, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts.The amendments in this update affect all entities that have recognized goodwill and have one or more reporting units whose carrying amount for purposes of performing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test is zero or negative. The amendments in this update modify Step 1 so that for those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is not permitted. Upon adoption of the amendments, any resulting goodwill impairment should be recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings beginning in the period of an adoption. Any goodwill impairments occurring after the initial adoption of the amendments should be included in earnings. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In December 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-29, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. The amendments in this update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments in this update are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the disclosure requirements for the business combinations in 2011.





On March 5, 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-11, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Scope Exception Related to Embedded Credit Derivatives. This update clarifies the guidance within the derivative literature that exempts certain credit related features from analysis as potential embedded derivatives requiring separate accounting. The ASU specifies that an embedded credit derivative feature related to the transfer of credit risk that is only in the form of subordination of one financial instrument to another is not subject to bifurcation from a host contract under ASC 815-15-25, Derivatives and Hedging — Embedded Derivatives — Recognition. All other embedded credit derivative features should be analyzed to determine whether their economic characteristics and risks are “clearly and closely related” to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and whether bifurcation is required. The ASU is effective for the Company on July 1, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In January 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. This update provides amendments to ASC Topic 820 that will provide more robust disclosures about (1) the different classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (2) the valuation techniques and inputs used, (3) the activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, and (4) the transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.




11
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





3. INVENTORIES





Inventories at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010 were as follows:





2011


2010Raw materials

$
19,413,914


$
15,803,040Work in process


3,510,492



3,157,799Finished goods


8,773,022



7,624,523Total

$
31,697,428


$
26,585,362





4. NOTES RECEIVABLE – BANK ACCEPTANCES





The Company sold goods to its customers and received commercial notes (bank acceptance) from them in lieu of payments for accounts receivable. The Company discounted the commercial notes with the bank or endorsed the commercial notes to vendors for payment of their own obligations or to get cash from third parties. Most of the commercial notes have a maturity of less than six months. At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company had notes receivable of $691,759 and $1,457,457, respectively.





5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET





Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010:





2011


2010Building

$
4,602,521


$
4,556,445Production equipment


5,783,619



3,923,521Office equipment


801,595



794,816Vehicles


854,872



711,798Total


12,042,607



9,986,580Less: Accumulated depreciation


(1,859,561
)


(1,605,561
)Net

$
10,183,046


$
8,381,019





Depreciation for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010 was $236,840 and $168,900, respectively.





6. OTHER RECEIVABLES, PREPAYMENTS AND DEPOSITS





Other receivables, prepayments and deposits consisted of the following at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively:





2011


2010Cash advanced to third parties

$
7,187,184


$
2,076,862Deposit for public bids of sales contracts


570,268



846,739Deposit for acquisition of Bingchuan


-



1,834,600Prepayment for freight and related insurance expenses


100,646



115,542Other deposits


908,663



53,289Advance to employees


898,540



600,427Others


741,983



774,313Total

$
10,407,284



6,301,772





Cash advanced to third parties was short-term cash advances to unrelated third parties with repayment usually within three to six months. Deposits for public bidding represented the deposits for bidding on expected contracts, which will be returned to the Company after the bidding process is completed, usually within three to four months from the payment date. Prepayment for freight and related insurance expenses represented prepaid shipping and freight insurance expenses for customers and is generally repaid upon customer receipt of products. Deposits mainly consisted of deposits for rents, payroll expense and utilities. Cash advance to employees represented short-term loans to employees and advances to employees for business trips and related expenses. Other receivables, prepayments and deposits are reimbursed or settled within 12 months.





7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS





Intangible assets consisted mainly of land use rights, trademark, computer software, know-how technology, customer list and covenant not to compete. All land in the PRC is government-owned and cannot be sold to any individual or company. However, the government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land. The Company acquired land use rights during 2005 for approximately $440,000 (RMB 3,549,682). In June 2009, the Company acquired land use rights for $3,108,000 from Siping Beifang. In November 2010, the Company’s subsidiary, SmartHeat Energy, acquired land use rights for $10,120,267. The Company has the right to use the land for 50 years and is amortizing such rights on a straight-line basis for 50 years.





12
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Intangible assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively:





2011


2010Land use rights

$
14,061,436


$
13,884,020Know-how technology


847,547



275,345Customer list


199,784



197,784Covenant not to compete


108,682



107,593Software


448,012



403,680Trademark


277,625



-Total


15,943,086



14,868,422Less: Accumulated amortization


(761,494
)


(624,688
)Net

$
15,181,592


$
14,243,734





Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010 was $105,500 and $60,000, respectively. Annual amortization expense for the next five years from March 31, 2011, is expected to be $514,000, $499,000, $397,000, $356,000 and $332,000.





8. CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS





The Company had construction in progress of $242,891 at March 31, 2011,with two ongoing projects SmartHeat Energy is building a factory with total estimated cost of $9 million; the Company paid $181,522 as of March 31, 2011, and expects this construction to be completed by June 2012. SmartHeat Siping had a construction project of $61,339, for laying the foundation for machinery installation. This project will be completed by June 2011, with total construction cost of $62,000.





9. TAXES PAYABLE





Taxes payable consisted of the following at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010:





2011


2010Income tax

$
58,641


$
1,866,569Value-added tax


-



117,779Other taxes


-



16,108$
58,641


$
2,000,456





10. ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLES





Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010:





2011


2010Advance from third parties

$
22,794


$
132,890Payable to Siping Beifang


-



1,238,166Other payables


990,284



952,593Warranty reserve


104,844



398,292Accrued expenses


404,861



317,840Total

$
1,522,783


$
3,039,701





Advance from third parties was short-term, non-interest-bearing advances from third parties. Other payables consisted of payables for the Company’s miscellaneous expenses including postage, business insurance, employee benefits, bidding fee, etc. Accrued expenses mainly consisted of accrued purchase, interest and utility.





11. NOTES PAYABLE – BANK ACCEPTANCES





Notes payable represented the conversion of accounts payable into notes payable, which were issued from the bank. The Company deposited a portion of the acceptance amount into the bank. The terms of the notes range from 3-6 months and bear no interest. At March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company deposited $0.68 million and $1.7 million with the bank as restricted cash for the bank issuing the notes. The restricted cash is refundable when the notes are repaid.





13
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





12. LOANS PAYABLE - BANK





The Company was obligated for the following short term loans  as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010:





2011


2010From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 3,200,000 entered into on March 15, 2011. The loan currently bears interest at 6.72% with maturity on July 14, 2011. The loan was pledged by bank deposit.

$
488,073


$
-From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 5,000,000 entered into on May 27, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on May 25, 2011. The loan was guaranteed by third party and bank deposit.


762,614



-From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 17,000,000 entered into on June 1, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on June 30, 2011. The loan was guaranteed by third party.


2,592,886



2,566,929From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 25,000,000 entered into on October 18, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.84% with maturity on October 17, 2011.


3,813,068



3,774,895From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 5,000,000 entered into on October 19, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.84% with maturity on October 17, 2011.


762,614



754,979From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 13,000,000 entered into on August 9, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on June 30, 2011. The Company pledged its building and land use rights for this loan.


1,982,795



1,962,946$
10,402,050


$
9,059,749





13. DEFERRED TAX ASSET (LIABILITY)





Deferred tax asset (liability) represented differences between the tax bases and book bases of property and equipment and intangible assets arising from the acquisition of SanDeKe, GWP and Bingchuan, and bad debt allowance booked by the Company which was not allowed per tax purpose.





14. INCOME TAXES





The Company is subject to income taxes by entity on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which each entity is domiciled.





SmartHeat, the parent company, was incorporated in the U.S. and has net operating losses (NOL) for income tax purposes. SmartHeat has net operating loss carry forwards for income taxes of approximately $2.35 million at March 31, 2011, which may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income; NOL can be carried forward up to 20 years from the year the loss is incurred. Management believes the realization of benefits from these losses remains uncertain due to SmartHeat’s limited operating history and continuing losses. Accordingly, a 100% deferred tax asset valuation allowance has been provided.





Taiyu and SanDeKe are governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC concerning privately-run enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriated tax adjustments.





According to the new income tax law that became effective January 1, 2008, new high-tech enterprises given special support by the PRC government are subject to an income tax rate of 15%. Taiyu was recognized as a new high-tech enterprise and, having registered its status with the tax bureau, therefore enjoyed the income tax rate of 15% from 2009 through 2010.  Taiyu is currently in the process of renewing the high-tech enterprise status.





SanDeKe is exempt from income tax for two years starting from its first profitable year and is entitled to a 50% discount on the income tax rate from 2010 through 2012. The income tax rate for SanDeKe was 11% and 0% for 2010 and 2009, respectively.





SmartHeat Siping, Jinhui, SmartHeat Investment, SmartHeat Energy, Bingchuan, Ruicheng and SmartHeat Trading are subject to the regular 25% income tax rate.  GWP is subject to a 15% corporate income tax in Germany.





14
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





The following table reconciles the U.S. statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax (benefit) rate for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010:





2011


2010US statutory rates


( 34.0
)%


34.0
%Tax rate difference


8.3
%


(9.8
)%Effect of tax holiday


7.3
%


(14.1
)%Others


1.5
%


0.6
%Valuation allowance


2.4
%


2.9
%Tax (benefit) per financial statements


(14.5
)%


13.6
%





The provision for income tax (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010 consisted of the following:





2011


2010Income tax expense - current

$
68,674


$
277,104Income tax benefit - deferred


(749,573
)


(7,584
)Total income tax expense (benefit)

$
(680,899
)

$
269,520





15. STATUTORY RESERVES





Pursuant to the corporate law of the PRC effective January 1, 2006, the Company is now only required to maintain one statutory reserve by appropriating from its after-tax profit before declaration or payment of dividends. The statutory reserve represents restricted retained earnings.





Surplus Reserve Fund





The Company is now only required to transfer 10% of its net income, as determined under PRC accounting rules and regulations, to a statutory surplus reserve fund until such reserve balance reaches 50% of the Company’s registered capital.





The surplus reserve fund is non-distributable other than during liquidation and can be used to fund previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholding or by increasing the par value of the shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.





Common Welfare Fund





The common welfare fund is a voluntary fund that provides that the Company can elect to transfer 5% to 10% of its net income to this fund. This fund can only be utilized on capital items for the collective benefit of the Company’s employees, such as construction of dormitories, cafeteria facilities and other staff welfare facilities. This fund is non-distributable other than upon liquidation. As of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Company has not made any reserve under the common welfare fund.





16. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY





Common Stock with Warrants Issued for Cash





In August 2008, the Company sold 1,630,000 units consisting of one share of the Company’s common stock and a 3-year warrant to purchase 15% of one share of the Company’s common stock for $6.00 per share, at $3.50 per unit, for approximately $5.7 million. The Company issued warrants to purchase 244,500 shares of its common stock. In connection with the private placement, the Company paid commissions of $340,000 and issued warrants to purchase 148,500 shares of its common stock to placement agents. The warrants are immediately exercisable and expire on the third anniversary of their issuance. The warrants require the Company to settle in its own shares. There is no provision for cash settlement, except in lieu of fractional shares. Net proceeds of approximately $5.1 million were received by the Company. The value of warrants was determined by using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions: discount rate– 2.76%; dividend yield– 0%; expected volatility– 15% and term of 3 years. The value of the warrants was $70,246. During 2009, warrants to purchase 281,975 shares were exercised at $6.00 per share for $1,691,850. During 2010, warrants to purchase 14,250 shares were exercised at $6.00 per share for $85,500.





15
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Following is a summary of the warrant activity:





Number of

Shares


Average

Exercise

Price per Share


Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Term in YearsOutstanding at January 1, 2009


393,000


$
6.00



2.51Exercisable at January 1, 2009


393,000



6.00



2.51GrantedExercised


(281,975
)ForfeitedOutstanding at December 31, 2009


111,025



6.00



1.51Exercisable at December 31, 2009


111,025



6.00



1.51GrantedExercised


(14,250
)ForfeitedOutstanding at December 31, 2010


96,775



6.00



0.51Exercisable at December 31, 2010


96,775



6.00



0.51GrantedExercisedForfeitedOutstanding at March 31, 2011


96,775



6.00



0.26Exercisable at March 31, 2011


96,775


$
6.00



0.26





Stock Options to Independent Directors and Employee





On July 17, 2008, the Company granted non-statutory stock options to each of its two independent U.S. directors. The terms of each option are: 10,000 shares at an exercise price per share of $4.60, with a life of five years and vesting over three years as follows: 3,333 shares vested July 17, 2009; 3,333 shares vested July 17, 2010; and 3,334 shares vest on July 17, 2011, subject in each case to the director continuing to be associated with the Company as a director. The options were valued using a volatility of 15%, risk free interest rate of 2.76%, and dividend yield of 0%. No estimate of forfeitures was made as the Company has a short history of granting options.





On July 31, 2009, one of the Company’s independent U.S. directors voluntarily retired. As such, he forfeited his right to his unvested options to purchase 6,667 shares.





On February 1, 2010, the Company issued stock options to an employee. The terms of the options are: 50,000 shares at an exercise price per share of $11.85, with a life of five years and vesting over two years as follows: 25,000 shares vest on June 30, 2011; 25,000 shares vest on June 29, 2012. The options were valued using a volatility of 74%, risk free interest rate of 2.76%, and dividend yield of 0%. The grant-date fair value of the options was $367,107.





Based on the fair value method under SFAS No. 123 (Revised) “Share Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”) (codified in FASB ASC Financial Instruments, Topic 718 & 505), the fair value of each stock option granted is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model has assumptions for risk-free interest rates, dividends, stock volatility and expected life of an option grant. The risk-free interest rate is based upon market yields for United States Treasury debt securities at a maturity near the term remaining on the option. Dividend rates are based on the Company’s dividend history. The stock volatility factor is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The expected life of an option grant is based on management’s estimate. The fair value of each option grant to independent directors is calculated by the Black-Scholes method and is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of each stock option award.





16
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Following is a summary of the option activity:





Number of


Exercise


ContractualShares


Price per Share


Term in YearsOutstanding at January 1, 2009


20,000


$
4.60



4.54Exercisable at January 1, 2009


-



-



-GrantedExercisedForfeited


6,667Outstanding at December 31, 2009


13,333



4.60



3.54Exercisable at December 31, 2009


6,666



4.60



3.54Granted


50,000



11.85



5.00ExercisedForfeitedOutstanding at December 31, 2010


63,333



10.32



3.76Exercisable at December 31, 2010


9,999



4.6



2.54GrantedExercisedForfeitedOutstanding at March 31, 2011


63,333



10.32



3.51Exercisable at March 31, 2011


9,999


$
4.6



2.29





There were no options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010. The Company recorded $51,085 and $752 as compensation expense for stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010.





Stock Issued for Consulting Service





On January 1, 2010, the Company entered into a one-year service agreement with a consultant for providing business development assistance and engineering advice regarding the sales and marketing of products of the Company. On July 16, 2010, the Company and consultant amended the compensation terms under the consulting agreement. The Company compensated the consultant on a quarterly basis at $6,250 and 500 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock in 2010. Starting from 2011, the Company will compensate the consultant on a quarterly basis at $6,250 only.





17. COMMITMENTS





Employment Agreements





On January 1, 2008, Taiyu entered into a 3-year employment agreement with Jun Wang, which agreement was renewed on the same terms through December 31, 2013, upon mutual agreement between Mr. Wang and Taiyu. Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Wang shall receive a salary  not less than the lowest minimum wage per month paid in Shenyang and shall be based on the uniform wage and incentive system in Shenyang. Effective on February 1, 2010, the Compensation Committee approved an increase in Mr. Wang’s annual compensation to a base salary of $150,000 per year.





On January 1, 2008, Taiyu entered into a 3-year employment agreement with Zhijuan Guo, which agreement was renewed on the same terms through December 31, 2013, upon mutual agreement between Ms. Guo and Taiyu. Pursuant to the terms of her employment agreement, Ms. Guo shall receive a salary  not less than the lowest minimum wage per month paid in Shenyang and shall be based on the uniform wage and incentive system in Shenyang. In addition, Ms. Guo shall be entitled to overtime pay in accordance with the applicable law.





On February 1, 2010, SmartHeat entered into an employment agreement with Xudong Wang for a term ending on June 30, 2013. Mr. Wang is compensated at RMB 70,000 ($10,648) per month and eligible for annual cash bonuses at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors.





17
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Lease Agreements





The Company leased several offices for its sales representative in different cities under various one-year, non-cancellable and renewable operating lease agreements. Rental expense for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010 was approximately $65,800   and $17,000, respectively.





Capital Contribution





On April 7, 2010, the Company formed SmartHeat Investment, a wholly owned subsidiary in Shenyang, with registered capital of $70 million. As of March 31, 2011, the Company has contributed $30 million in capital, and was committed to contribute an additional $40 million within five years, which is permitted per PRC regulations.





18. CONTINGENCIES





The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.





The Company’s sales, purchases and expense transactions are denominated in RMB and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.





19. ACQUISITION AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA INFORMATION





On March 3, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of GWP, a designer and manufacturer of high efficiency heat pumps. This acquisition will extend the Company’s clean technology heating solutions into the rapidly growing heat pump markets in Europe and China, enabling its customers to purchase technologically advanced heat pumps at competitive prices. The total purchase price was EUR 4,248,082 ($5,898,887) and was paid at closing.





The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.   The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at agreement date were used for the purpose of purchase price allocation.  The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired of $5,134,627 was recorded as goodwill.





Cash

$
239,686Accounts receivable


137,185Other receivables


24,254Inventory


667,412Property and equipment


350,382Goodwill


5,134,627Accounts payable


(536,907
)Other payables


(117,752
)Purchase price

$
5,898,887





On March 1, 2011, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Bingchuan, a Shenyang based state-owned heat pump manufacturer and designer. The Company paid RMB 50 Million ($7.6 Million) to acquire 95% equity of Bingchuan, with the local government retaining  5% equity.





The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of Bingchuan acquisition.   The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at agreement date were used for the purpose of purchase price allocation.  The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired of $5,629,951 was recorded as goodwill.





18
 Table of Contents





SMARTHEAT INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


MARCH 31, 2011 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2010





Cash

$
189,438Accounts receivable


920,463Other receivable


263,220Inventory


1,265,455Property and equipment


759,341Intangible assets


858,409Goodwill


5,629,951Accounts payable


(446,334
)Other payable and accrued expenses


(686,195
)Short-term loan


(760,433
)Deferred tax liability


(285,069
)Non-controlling interest


(103,915
)Purchase price

$
7,604,331





The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of operations for SmartHeat for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010 presents the operations of SmartHeat, GWP and Bingchuan as if the acquisitions occurred at January 1, 2011, and 2010, respectively.  The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the actual results that would have occurred had the acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of future consolidated results.





2011Net revenue

$
8,289,644Cost of revenue


5,638,423Gross profit


2,651,221Total operating expenses


7,576,106(Loss) from operations


(4,924,885
)Total non-operating expenses


(195,621
)Loss before income tax


(5,120,506
)Income tax


680,907Loss after income tax


(4,439,598
)Noncontrolling interest


57,879Loss to SmartHeat Inc.

$
(4,381,719
)Weighted average shares outstanding


38,551,939Loss per share

$
(0.11
)





2010Net revenue

$
14,772,464Cost of revenue


10,691,976Gross profit


4,080,488Total operating expenses


3,216,347Income from operations


864,141Total non-operating income


1,169,333Income before income tax


2,033,474Income tax


269,520Income after income tax


1,763,954Noncontrolling interest


8,310Income to SmartHeat Inc.

$
1,772,264Weighted average shares outstanding


32,794,875Earnings per share

$
0.05





19
 Table of Contents





CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS





This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and those listed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. Throughout this Quarterly Report, we will refer to SmartHeat Inc. as “SmartHeat,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our.”





Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations





Overview





We are a designer, manufacturer and seller of clean technology plate heat exchangers and related systems in the PRC. Our products are used by our customers in the industrial, residential and commercial markets in China to improve energy utilization and efficiencies and reduce pollution by reducing the need for coal fired boilers. We design, manufacture, sell and service PHEs, PHE Units, which combine PHEs with various pumps, temperature sensors, valves and automated control systems, and heat meters for use in commercial and residential buildings. We also design, manufacture and sell spiral heat exchangers and tube heat exchangers. Our products and systems are an increasingly important element in providing a clean technology, mission-critical solution to energy consumption and air pollution problems in China and are commonly used in a wide variety of industrial processes where heat transfer is required. Common applications include energy conversion for HVAC and industrial use in petroleum refining, petrochemicals, metallurgy, food and beverage and chemical processing. Our PHE Units are custom designed by our own in-house engineers and sold under our Taiyu brand name, while our PHEs are sold under both our Taiyu brand as well as the Sondex brand name. We are an authorized dealer of Sondex PHEs in China.





We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 4, 2006, under the name Pacific Goldrim Resources, Inc., as an exploration stage corporation that intended to engage in exploration for silver, lead and zinc. On April 14, 2008, we changed our name to SmartHeat Inc. and acquired all of the equity interests in Taiyu, a privately held company formed under the laws of the PRC engaged in the design, manufacture, sale and servicing of PHE products in China. After the relevant PRC government agency approved our subscription of 71.6% of the registered capital increase of Taiyu on July 29, 2008, PRC approval of Taiyu becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of SmartHeat was obtained on June 3, 2009, when the transfer by the three original owners of Taiyu of their remaining 28.4% ownership of Taiyu to SmartHeat was officially recognized.





As an expansion of our business we acquired SanDeKe, a Shanghai-based manufacturer of PHEs, on September 25, 2008. On June 16, 2009, we completed an asset purchase transaction with Siping Beifang to set up a new manufacturing facility under our newly incorporated subsidiary, SmartHeat Siping. On August 14, 2009, we formed Jinhui, a joint venture in Beijing of which we own 52% with total registered capital of RMB 10 million ($1.46 million), to provide consulting services and expand our sales of PHEs into new industries and regions of China. On April 7, 2010, we formed SmartHeat Investment, an investment holding company and wholly owned subsidiary in Shenyang with registered capital of $70 million. On April 12, 2010, SmartHeat Investment formed a wholly owned subsidiary in Shenyang named SmartHeat Energy with registered capital of $30 million for the research, development, manufacturing and sales of energy products. We expect SmartHeat Energy to commence operations in 2011. On May 6, 2010, we formed SmartHeat Trading to market and expand sales of our Taiyu-branded products, which has yet to commence operations. In January 2011, we invested $771,658 to found a joint venture, Ruicheng, in Hohhot City, China for 51% equity interest to design and manufacture heat meters. On March 3, 2011, we completed the acquisition of GWP, a designer and manufacturer of high efficiency heat pumps in Germany. This acquisition will extend our clean technology heating solutions into the rapidly growing heat pump markets in Europe and China, enabling its customers to purchase technologically advanced heat pump technology at competitive prices. The total purchase price was EUR 4,248,082 ($5,898,887) and was paid at closing. On March 1, 2011, we entered into a purchase agreement with Bingchuan, a Shenyang based state-owned heat pump manufacturer and designer. We paid RMB 50 Million ($7.6 Million) to acquire 95% equity of Bingchuan; the local government will retain the remaining 5% equity.





20
 Table of Contents





Our revenue is subject to fluctuations due to the timing of sales of high-value products, the impact of seasonal spending patterns, the timing and size of projects our customers perform, changes in overall spending levels in the industry and other unpredictable factors that may affect customer ordering patterns. Our revenues may fluctuate significantly due to the seasonal nature of central heating services in the PRC because the equipment used in residential buildings must be delivered and installed prior to the beginning of the heating season in late fall. Additionally, any significant delays in the commercial launch or any lack or delay of commercial acceptance of new products, unfavorable sales trends in existing product lines, or impacts from the other factors mentioned above, could adversely affect our revenue growth or cause a sequential decline in quarterly revenue. We have not been adversely affected by these trends or weaker demand from steel processing, petrochemical and HVAC industries.





Significant Accounting Policies





While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid you in fully understanding and evaluating this management discussion and analysis.





Basis of Presentation





Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with US GAAP.





Principle of Consolidation





The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SmartHeat’s U.S. parent, Taiyu, SanDeKe, SmartHeat Siping, Jinhui, SmartHeat Investment, SmartHeat Energy, SmartHeat Trading, Ruicheng, GWP and Bingchuan. The "Company" refers collectively to SmartHeat’s U.S. parent, Taiyu, SanDeKe, SmartHeat Siping, Jinhui, SmartHeat Investment,  SmartHeat Energy,  SmartHeat Trading, Ruicheng, GWP and Bingchuan. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.





Use of Estimates





In preparing the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates, required by management, include the recoverability of long-lived assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, and the reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. Actual results could differ from those estimates.





Accounts Receivable





Our policy is to maintain reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Accounts receivable are net of unearned interest. Unearned interest represents imputed interest on accounts receivable with due dates over one year from the invoice date discounted at our borrowing rate for the year.





Inventories





Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined on a moving weighted average basis. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises direct material, direct labor and an allocated portion of production overheads.





Property and Equipment





Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method with a 10% salvage value and estimated lives as follows:





Building
20 yearsVehicles
5 yearsOffice Equipment
5 yearsProduction Equipment
5 - 10 years





21
 Table of Contents





Revenue Recognition





Our revenue recognition policies are in compliance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104 (codified in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605). Sales revenue is recognized when PHEs and heat meters are delivered, and for PHE Units when customer acceptance occurs, the price is fixed or determinable, no other significant obligations of the Company exist and collectibility is reasonably assured. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are recorded as unearned revenue.





Our agreements with our customers generally provide that 30% of the purchase price is due upon placement of an order, 30% upon delivery and 30% upon installation and acceptance of the equipment after customer testing. As a common practice in the heating manufacturing business in China, payment of the final 10% of the purchase price is due no later than the termination date of the standard warranty period, which ranges from 3 to 24 months from the acceptance date.





Our standard warranty is provided to all customers and is not considered an additional service; rather, it is an integral part of the product sale. We believe the existence of the standard product warranty in a sales contract does not constitute a deliverable in the arrangement and thus there is no need to apply the EITF 00-21 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 605-25) separation and allocation model for a multiple deliverable arrangement. SFAS 5 (codified in FASB ASC Topic 450) specifically addresses the accounting for standard warranties and neither SAB 104 nor EITF 00-21 supersedes SFAS 5. We believe accounting for our standard warranty pursuant to SFAS 5 does not impact revenue recognition because the cost of honoring the warranty can be reliably estimated.





We charge for after-sales services provided after the expiration of the warranty period, with after-sales services mainly consisting of cleaning PHEs and repairing and exchanging parts. We recognize such revenue when service is provided. The revenue earned from these services was not material.





Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)





Our functional currency is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”). For financial reporting purposes, RMB were translated into United States dollars ("USD") as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of shareholders' equity as "Accumulated other comprehensive income." Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income. There has been no significant fluctuation in exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.





We use Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 220). Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of shareholders’ equity, except those due to investments by shareholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to shareholders.





Recent Accounting Pronouncements





In April 2010 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2010-13, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718),: Effect of Denominating the Exercise Price of a Share-Based Payment Award in the Currency of the Market in Which the Underlying Equity Security Trades. This update provides amendments to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 718 to clarify that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency  of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The amendments in this update should be applied by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be calculated for all awards outstanding as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which the amendments are initially applied, as if the amendments had been applied consistently since the inception of the award. The cumulative-effect adjustment should be presented separately. Earlier application is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In December 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-28, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): When to Perform Step 2 of the Goodwill Impairment Test for Reporting Units with Zero or Negative Carrying Amounts.The amendments in this update affect all entities that have recognized goodwill and have one or more reporting units whose carrying amount for purposes of performing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test is zero or negative. The amendments in this update modify Step 1 so that for those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is not permitted. Upon adoption of the amendments, any resulting goodwill impairment should be recorded as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings beginning in the period of an adoption. Any goodwill impairments occurring after the initial adoption of the amendments should be included in earnings. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





22
 Table of Contents





In December 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-29, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. The amendments in this update specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments in this update are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The Company adopted the disclosure requirements for the business combinations in 2011.





On March 5, 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-11, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Scope Exception Related to Embedded Credit Derivatives.This update clarifies the guidance within the derivative literature that exempts certain credit related features from analysis as potential embedded derivatives requiring separate accounting. The ASU specifies that an embedded credit derivative feature related to the transfer of credit risk that is only in the form of subordination of one financial instrument to another is not subject to bifurcation from a host contract under ASC 815-15-25, Derivatives and Hedging — Embedded Derivatives — Recognition. All other embedded credit derivative features should be analyzed to determine whether their economic characteristics and risks are “clearly and closely related” to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and whether bifurcation is required. The ASU is effective for the Company on July 1, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In January 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. This update provides amendments to ASC Topic 820 that will provide more robust disclosures about (1) the different classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, (2) the valuation techniques and inputs used, (3) the activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, and (4) the transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.





In January 2010, FASB issued ASU No. 2010-01, Equity (Topic 505): Accounting for Distributions to Shareholders with Components of Stock and Cash. The update clarifies that the stock portion of a distribution to shareholders that allows them to elect to receive cash or stock with a potential limitation on the total amount of cash that all shareholders can elect to receive in the aggregate is considered a share issuance that is reflected prospectively in earnings per share and is not considered a stock dividend for purposes of ASC Topic 505 and Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods ending on or after December 15, 2009, and should be applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.





Results of Operations





Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2010





The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the years indicated as a percentage of net sales:





2011


2010$


% of Sales


$


% of SalesSales


7,892,149






9,368,836Cost of sales


5,330,229



67.5
%


6,129,801



65.4
%Gross profit


2,561,920



32.5
%


3,239,035



34.6
%Operating expenses


7,076,455



89.7
%


1,421,919



15.2
%Income (loss) from operations


(4,514,535
)


(57.2
)%


1,817,116



19.4
%Other income (expenses), net


(167,660
)


(2.1
)%


155,967



1.7
%Income tax expense (benefit)


(680,899
)


(8.6)
%


269,520



2.9
%Noncontrolling interest


(47,494
)


(0.6)
%


482



0
%Net income (loss)


(3,953,802
)


(50.1
)%


1,703,081



18.2
%





23
 Table of Contents





Sales. Net sales in the three months ended March 31, 2011, were $7.89 million, consisting of $0.45 million for PHE Units, $6.02 million for PHEs, $0.92 million for heat meters and others of 0.5 million, while our net sales in the same period of 2010, were $9.37 million, consisting of $4.31 million for PHE Units, $4.50 million for PHEs, and $0.56 million for heat meters, an overall decrease of $1.48 million or 16%. The decrease in sales was primarily due to tightened fiscal policy in China which has contributed to a general slowdown in many sectors of the Chinese economy and caused a decrease in sales of our PHE Units. Most of our customers are state-owned enterprises that encountered difficulties in obtaining grants from the government and faced an extended bank loan application process, both of which are used to finance the purchase of our products, which resulted in the unexpected cancelation of orders and delays in the performance of PHE Unit contracts.   Although these events caused a decrease in sales, we expect that a portion of the cancelled PHE Unit orders will be reinstated and contracts that have been partially delayed will be performed within this fiscal year or 2012, reducing the impact of the drop in sales over the long-term. We are taking steps to increase the sales of our PHE Units and PHEs by continuing our expansion into regional areas of China and are encouraged by our progress in establishing sales channels in North and South America, which we expect will meaningfully contribute to revenue in 2012.





Heat meter sales increased from the same period in 2010. Article 38 of China’s Energy Conservation Law issued in 2008 requires new apartments and retrofitted apartments to install heat meters; however, the implementation of this government mandated process varies across regions and takes time, which may cause our heat meter growth rate to fluctuate. Nevertheless, we expect heat meter sales will experience significant growth in the following 2-3 years and believe we will benefit from this growth as we are one of the top heat meter manufacturers.





We have also been continuously expanding into more regional heat-supply markets as a result of the PRC government’s economic stimulus plan which stresses increased domestic infrastructure construction and continuous research and development on new products. We believe our sales will continue to grow because we are strengthening our sales efforts through the maturation of our sales force, increasing sales channels and improving the quality of our products.





We have a strict review process for approving each sales contract, especially with respect to the determination of a sales price. The sales price is determined under each contract in proportion to our estimated cost in order to ensure our gross profit. Our sales price varies according to each sale depending mainly on each customer’s specific requirements and our negotiation of the contract amount and term.





Cost of Sales.Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2011,was $5.33 million, while our cost of sales for the same period of 2010 was $6.13 million, a decrease of $0.8 million or 13%. Cost of sales mainly consisted of the cost of materials and labor, as well as factory overhead. Materials cost is normally 80% of total cost, while factory overhead cost is about 15% and labor cost is about 5%. The decrease in cost of sales is attributable to the decrease of production and sales volume in the three months ended March 31, 2011. Cost of sales as a percentage of sales was 67.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 65.4% for the same period of 2010. The slight increase in cost of sales as a percentage of sales was due to overall price inflation in China.  We believe our cost of sales will remain stable as a result of stronger sales in new product areas, our research and development capability, our current pricing strategy and the continued improvement in the efficiency of our manufacturing facilities.





Gross Profit. Gross profit was $2.56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to $3.24 million in the same period of 2010, or gross margins of 32.5% and 34.6%, respectively. The decrease in our gross profit margin was due to the slight increase in our production costs as a result of inflation in China.





Operating Expenses. Operating expenses consisting of selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $7.07 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to $1.42 million for the same period of 2010, an increase of $5.65 million or 398%. Operating expenses as a percentage of sales were 89.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to 15.2% in the same period of 2010. The increase in operating expenses mainly resulted from increased bad debt allowance of approximately $2.07 million and expansion of our business, which included additional costs of hiring of more sales personnel, higher depreciation expense, training our marketing team and establishing new sales offices in more regions of China. Due to the stringent fiscal policy of the Chinese government, some of our state-owned customers encountered difficulties in obtaining grants from the government and loans from state-owned banks, which resulted in unexpected delays in paying our account receivables in a timely manner. As a result of these delays, we recorded $2.07 million bad debt allowance using the principle of prudence in the three months ended March 31, 2011, even though we have not incurred any bad debt in our business history prior to this quarter. We do not expect a significant risk with respect to the overdue accounts receivables for which we took the bad debt allowance and believe that a substantial portion of the bad debt will be repaid as the Chinese government restores grants and credit policies. We believe the government’s stringent fiscal policy impacting our customers will be temporary and the expansion and training of our marketing team and other employees to date will increase sales and improve the efficiency of our operations. Nevertheless, we will institute a rigorous program of cost cutting to continue to tightly control our budget and implement additional cost control measures including a review of the staffing levels of our employees in response to the decrease in revenue.





Net Income (Loss). Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2011, was $3.95 million compared to net income of $1.70 million for the same period of 2010, a decrease of $5.66 million or 332%. Net loss as a percentage of sales was 50.1% in the three months ended March 31, 2011, and net income as a percentage of sales was 18.2% in the 2010 period, respectively. This decrease in net income was attributable to the temporary decrease of net sales and increased bad debt allowance reserve.





Liquidity and Capital Resources





On November 23, 2010, we closed a public offering of 5,740,814 shares of our common stock at $5.00 per share, which includes 740,814 shares sold as a result of the underwriters exercising their over-allotment option. After underwriting discounts and commissions and related expenses, we received net proceeds of $27,040,741.





24
 Table of Contents





Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2010





As of March 31, 2011, we had cash and equivalents of $28.98 million. Working capital was $116.04 million at March 31, 2011. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 6.17:1 at March 31, 2011.





The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the three months ended March 31, 2011, and 2010:





2011


2010Cash provided by (used in):Operating activities

$
(15,461,142
)

$
(6,745,329
)Investing activities


(12,562,461
)


(130,350
)Financing activities


(112,093
)


-





Net cash flow used in operating activities was $15.46 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to net cash flow used in operating activities of $6.75 million in the same period of 2010. The increase in net cash outflow in operating activities was due mainly to decreased net income, increased advance to suppliers and other receivables, despite increased cash inflow from accounts payable outstanding and deposits from our customers.





Net cash flow used in investing activities was $12.56 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.13 million in the same period of 2010. The increase of net cash flow used in investing activities was due mainly to the acquisition of the Bingchuan and GWP of $13.49 million, purchase of property and equipment of $0.83 million and $0.16 million on construction in progress, partially offset by cash acquired from acquisition of $0.45 million, decreased restricted cash of $0.75 million and note receivables of $0.78 million.





Net cash flow used in financing activities was $0.11 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $0 in the same period of 2010 . The cash outflow was mainly from the payment on notes payable of $1.34 million, partially offset by proceeds from short-term loans of $0.49 million and capital contribution from noncontrolling interest of $0.74 million.





Our agreements with our customers generally provide that 30% of the purchase price is due upon the placement of an order, 30% upon delivery and 30% upon installation and acceptance of the equipment after customer testing. As a common practice in the heating manufacturing business in China, payment of the final 10% of the purchase price is due no later than the termination date of the standard warranty period, which ranges from 3 to 24 months from the acceptance date. Our receipts for payment on our products depend on the complexity of the equipment ordered, which impacts manufacturing, delivery, installation, testing times and warranty periods. For example, PHEs are less complex than PHE Units and therefore have a shorter manufacturing, acceptance, warranty and payment schedule. We may experience payment delays from time to time with a range from 1 to 3 months from the due date. However, we do not believe the delays have a significant negative impact on our liquidity as the payment delays are very common in the heating manufacturing industry in China and the collection of payment can be reasonably assured based on our historical collection experience. Our accounts receivable and inventory turnover are relatively low and days sales outstanding ratio relatively high. Consequently, collection on our sales is slow and capital is tied up in inventories, which may result in pressure on cash flows. For the first quarter of 2011, we had accounts receivable turnover of 2.43 on an annualized basis, with days sales outstanding of 150 and inventory turnover of 2.74 on an annualized basis.  For the first quarter of 2010, we had accounts receivable turnover of 2.74 on an annualized basis, with days sales outstanding of 133 and inventory turnover of 3.12 on an annualized basis.  The low accounts receivable turnover and high days outstanding was due to the temporary financial difficulties of some of our state-owned customers which resulted in a delay in making payments to us.  The low inventory turnover rate was due to our decreased sales volume as a result of our state-owned customers’ temporary financial difficulty.





We recognize the final 5-10% of the purchase price as a retention receivable, which is due no later than the termination of our warranty period. The deferral of the final payment is a common practice in the heating manufacturing business in China. Sometimes our customers are required to deposit 5-10% of the sales price on high value products, like an assembled heat exchanger unit or the main part of a plate heat exchanger, into designated bank accounts as restricted cash for securing the payment after such period expires. Based on our historical experience, there have been no defaults on such deferrals. Therefore, we believe the potential risks and uncertainty associated with defaults on such receivables are not material.





25
 Table of Contents





Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements





We have not entered into any other financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and classified as stockholders’ equity or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.





Contractual Obligations





We were obligated for the following short term loans payable as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010:





2011


2010From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 3,200,000 entered into on March 15, 2011. The loan currently bears interest at 6.72% with maturity on July 14, 2011. The loan was pledged by bank deposit.

$
488,073


$
-From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 5,000,000 entered into on May 27, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on May 25, 2011. The loan was guaranteed by third party and bank deposit.


762,614



-From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 17,000,000 entered into on June 1, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on June 30, 2011. The loan was guaranteed by third party.


2,592,886



2,566,929From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 25,000,000 entered into on October 18, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.84% with maturity on October 17, 2011.


3,813,068



3,774,895From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 5,000,000 entered into on October 19, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.84% with maturity on October 17, 2011.


762,614



754,979From a commercial bank in the PRC for RMB 13,000,000 entered into on August 9, 2010. The loan currently bears interest at 5.31% with maturity on June 30, 2011. The Company pledged its building and land use rights for this loan.


1,982,795



1,962,946$
10,402,050


$
9,059,749





Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk





We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in currency exchange rates and commodity prices for certain of our raw materials. We currently do not engage in forward foreign exchange agreements or other hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. We do not engage in hedging transactions to protect against raw material pricing fluctuations; instead, we attempt to mitigate the short-term risks of price swings by purchasing raw materials in advance.





Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, contains information about our exposure to market risks under “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” There has been no material change in our exposure to market risks during the three months ended March 31, 2011.





Item 4. Controls and Procedures





Disclosure Controls and Procedures





Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2011, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date because of a material weakness identified in our internal control over financial reporting related to our internal level of U.S. GAAP expertise. We lack sufficient personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in U.S. GAAP for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. None of our internal accounting staff, including our Chief Financial Officer, that are primarily responsible for the preparation of our books and records and financial statements in compliance with U.S. GAAP holds a license such as Certified Public Accountant in the U.S., nor have any attended U.S. institutions or extended educational programs that would provide enough of the relevant education relating to U.S. GAAP. Our Board of Directors and management have implemented measures to mitigate this material weakness and are evaluating remediation measures that we will undertake to address this material weakness, and will continue this evaluation in order to implement a comprehensive remediation plan. Until such time as we hire qualified accounting staff and train our current accounting staff with the requisite U.S. GAAP experience, however, it is unlikely we will be able to remediate this material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Notwithstanding this material weakness, our management has concluded that our consolidated financial statements for the periods covered by and included in this report are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for each of the periods presented herein.





Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting





There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.





26
 Table of Contents





PART II. OTHER INFORMATION





Item 1. Legal Proceedings





We may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or operating results. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.





Item 1A. Risk Factors





You should consider carefully the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, which could materially affect our business. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described previously in that Annual Report.





Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds





None.





Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities





None.





Item 5. Other Information





None.





Item 6. Exhibits





See the Exhibit Index following the signature page to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.





27
 Table of Contents





SIGNATURES





Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.





SMARTHEAT INC.(Registrant)Date: April 13, 2012
By:
/s/ Jun WangJun Wang

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)





28
 Table of Contents





EXHIBIT INDEX





Exhibit No.

Document Description31.1 †

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 200231.2 †

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 200232.1 ‡

Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as signed by the Chief Executive Officer32.2 ‡

Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as signed by the Chief Financial Officer





† Filed herewith


‡ Furnished herewith




29
 Table of Contents