# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ No. 1 7- 29 92

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Lex ay ra Lo zan o- Reyes

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Peti ti on er

v.
Je ffer so n B . Ses si on s, II I, Att or ne y Gene ral of t he Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Resp on de nt

__ __ __ __ __ __ Pet it io n fo r Rev ie w of a n Ord er o f th e Bo ard of I m

m ig rat io n Ap pe al s

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Aug us t 6 , 20 18 Fi le d: Aug us t 1 6, 2 01 8 [Un pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re GRUENDER, KELLY , and GRASZ, Cir cu it Ju dg es

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ PER CURI AM.

Lex ay ra Loz an o- Reyes, a ci ti zen of Mex ic o, pe ti ti on s fo r rev ie w of an or de r of th e Bo ard of Im

m ig rat io n App eal s (BIA) di sm is si ng he r ap pe al fro m th e de ci si on of an im m ig rat io n ju dg e (IJ ) th at de ni ed he r as y lu m an d wi th ho ld in g o f rem ov al

. 1

Loz an o’s br ie f do es no t m ean in gf ul ly ch al le ng e th e IJ ’s de ni al of rel ie f un de r 1 th e Co nv en ti on Aga in st Tort ur e; co ns eq ue nt ly sh e ha s waiv ed rev ie w of th is cl ai m

.Loz an o- Reyes cl ai m s th at th e BIA om it te d k e y fact s, m is ch arac te riz ed th e

reco rd , an d fai le d to co ns id er rel ev an t ev id en ce in it s pa st -p ers ecu ti on an al y si s; an d

co nt en ds th at th is co ur t sh ou ld rem an d, pu rs ua nt to th e “ Ch en ery Doc tri ne ,” fo r th e 2 BIA to de ci de whe th er he r al le ge d in ci de nt s, “ in th e ag gr eg at e” am ou nt ed to pe rs ecu ti on

. Loz an o- Reyes’s arg um en ts are un av ai li ng

. See Mal on ga v. Hol de r, 62 1 F.3 d 75 7, 76 4 ( 8 t h C ir. 20 10 ) (wh ere BIA es se nt ia ll y ad op ts IJ ’s d eci si on , b ut al so ad ds it s own reas o n i n g , t h is co ur t rev ie ws fact ua l de te rm in at io ns of bo th de ci si on s to ge th er un de r su bs ta nt ia l-e vi de nc e st an da rd , an d rev ers es o nl y if pe ti ti on er de m on s tra te s th at ev id en ce co m pe ls co nt rary de ci si on ; BIA ne ed no t li st ev ery p os si bl e fact or in de ci si on an d ha s no du ty t o pr ov id e cri ti cal ex pl an at io n on e v e r y
co nt en ti on .)

Upo n care fu l rev ie w, we co nc lu de th at su bs ta nt ia l ev id en ce su pp or ts th e fin di ng th at Loz an o- Reyes fai le d to sh ow pa st pe rs ecu ti on in Mex ic o, o r a well

fo un de d fear of fu tu re pe rs ecu ti on th ere, du e to an y pr ot ect ed gr ou nd

. See 8 U.S.C. § 11 58 (b )(1 )(B) (i) (li st in g as y lu m gr ou nd s) ; M a tu l-He rn an de z v. Hol de r, 68 5 F.3 d 70 7, 7 1 1 ( 8 t h Ci r. 20 12 ) (ap pl ic an t m us t sh ow pa st pe rs ecu ti on ba se d on pr ot ect ed gr ou nd to crea te reb ut ta bl e pr es um pt io n of fu tu re pe rs ecu ti on , or m ay sh ow ob jecti ve ly reas on ab le f

e ar of pa rti cu la riz ed pe rs ecu ti on in fu tu re du e to pr ot ect ed gr ou nd ). Hav in g fai le d to sa ti sf y he r bu rd en of pr oo f fo r he r as y lu m cl ai m , Loz an oReyes ha s ne ces sa ril y fai le d to sa ti sf y th e m or e rig or ou s st an da rd fo r wit hh ol di ng of

rem ov al

. See Kras no pi vt se v v. Ash cro ft, 38 2 F.3 d, 8 3 2 , 84 0 (8 th Ci r. 20 04 ). The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed . See 8 th Cir . R. 47 B.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
See C ha y -Vel as qu ez v . Hol de r, 36 7 F .3d 75 1, 7 56 (8t h C ir. 2 00 4)

. See Secs

. & Exc h

. C om m ’n v. Ch en ery Co rp ., 33 2 U.S. 19 4, 19 6 (1 94 7) 2 (p ro pr ie ty of ag en cy ’s act io n m us t be jud ge d “ so le ly b y th e gr ou nd s in vo ke d by ag en cy ”; if st at ed gr ou nd s are in ad eq ua te or im pr op er, co ur t can no t affi rm ag en cy ’s act io n b y su bs ti tu ti ng ba si s i t co ns id ers to be m or e ad eq ua te or p ro pe r).
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