T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yf i nds thi s c a s e s ui t abl e f

orde c i s i on w i thout ** o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2).

T he H onor abl e S uz a nne B . C onl on, U ni t e d S t a t e s D i s tr i c tJ udge f or * ** the N orthe rn D i s tr i c tof I l l i noi s , s i tt i ng byde s i gna t i on. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E N IN T H C IR C U IT UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. D O N A LD BA RTO N D ESH O TELS, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 08- 50534 D . C . N o. 07 -C R -014 30 -J A H -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia J ohn A . H ous t on, D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d D e c e m be r10, 2009 ** P a s a d e n a , C a lif

o rn ia B e f o r e : H A L L an d S I L V E R M A N , C ir c u it J u d g e s , a n dC O N L O N , D i stri ct *** Judg e. 

# FI LED DE C 14 2009 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS- 2-

D on al d B art on D es ho t el s app ea l s hi s c on vi ct i on s f or transpo rt at i on of i l l egal a l i e ns a nd a i di ng a nd abe tt i ng ( 8 U . S . C . § 1324( a ) ( 1) ( A ) ( i i ) a nd ( v) ( I I ) ) ; br i ngi ng in ille g a l a lie n s f

o rf in a n c ia l g a in a n da id in g a n dab e ttin g ( 8 U .S .C . § 13 24 (a )( 2)(B )( i i ) and 18 U . S . C . § 2 ); and con spi ra cyt o b ri ng i n and transpo rt i l l e ga l a l i e ns ( 8 U . S . C . § 1324( a ) ( 1) ( A ) ( i ) , ( i i ) , a nd ( v) ( I ) ) . W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on p u r s u a n tt o 2 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 9 1 , a n d a f f i rm. S t a t e R out e 94 bor de rpa tr ol a ge nt s di s c ove r e d thr e e i l l e ga l a l i e ns i n the tru n ko f K e n n e th G r a n t’s c a ra f te rh e a tte m p te dto p a s s th r o u g h th e c h e c kp o in t. M i nu t es l at er , agent s s aw D es ho t el s w al ki ng do w n S t at e R ou t e 94. T hey s um m one d hi m t o the pr i m a ryi ns pe c t i on a r e aa nd a s ke d hi m w he r e he w a s c om i ng f r o m ; h e r e s p o n d e d h e w a s in th e b u s h e s an dth e n s ta te dh e h a db e e n d r o p p e do f f . H e d idn o t r e s p o n d to a n a g e n t’s q u e s tio n w h e th e rh e h a db e e n in th e c a rs till pr e s e nti n s e c onda ryi ns pe c t i on. T he m a t e r i a l w i tne s s e s i de nt i f i e d D e s hot e l s i n a phot ogr aphi c s how up. T w o m a t e r i a l w i tne s s e s i de nt i f i e d hi m i n as i x- pe r s on ph ot og raph i c l i neup and attri al as the car pas se ng erw ho m etthem ata pre arrang ed l oc a t i on on the U ni t e d S t a t e s s i de of the bor de ra nd putthe m i n the trunk. D es ho t el s c on t es t s the adm i ss i on of hi s pre - Mi r anda i nc r i m i na t i ng s ta te m e n ts a n d te s tim o n yab o u t h is s ile n c e . Mi randa w arni ng s are on l y r equi re d before c ust od i ali nt errogat i on ; a def endant ’ s pre -c ust od i al , pre-Mi r anda s ta te m e n ts- 3-

a n d s ile n c e a r e a d m is s ib le . U ni te d State s v . B as s i

gnani , 5 7 5 F .3 d8 7 9 , 8 8 3 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) ; U

ni te d State s v . B e c km an , 298 F . 3d 788, 795 ( 9th C i r . 2002) . T he di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s de t e rm i na t i on tha tD e s hot e l s w a s noti n c us t odydur i ng the que s t i oni ng i s am i xe d que s t i on of l a w a nd f

a c tw a rr a nt i ng de no vo r e v ie w . B as s i gnani , 57 5 F . 3d at88 3. T he t ot al i ty of the ci rc um st ance s dem on stra t es D e s h o te ls w a s n o t in c u s to d y . I d. a t 8 8 3 - 8 4 . T h e a g e n ts s u m m o n e dD e s h o te ls to th e p r i m a ryi n s p e c t i o n b o o th a s h e a tt e m p t e dt o c i r c u m v e n tth e c h e c kp o i n t . He w a s que s t i one d i n a n ope n a r e a . T he que s t i oni ng w a s br i e f , a nd the a ge nt s di d not appl ypr e s s ur e t o de t a i n D e s hot e l s orc onf r onthi m w i th e vi de nc e of gui l t . T he di s tr i c tc ourtdi d note rri n de ny i ng D e s hot e l s ’ m ot i on t o s uppr e s s hi s s t a t e m e nt s or al l ow i ng t es t i m on y abo uthi s s i l ence . D es ho t el s c hal l enges the m at er i al w i tness es ’ i dent i fi ca t i on s of hi m as i m pe rm i s s i bl ys ugge s t i ve . T he c ons t i tut i ona l i tyof pr e tr i a l i de nt i f

i c a t i on pr oc e dur e s i s r e vi e w e d de no vo . U ni te d State s v . J

ohns on , 820 F . 2d 1065, 1072 ( 9th C i r . 1987) . V i e w i ng the t ot a l i tyof the c i r c um s t a nc e s , the s how up a nd l i ne ups w e r e noti m pe rm i s s i bl ys ugge s t i ve , a nd the r e c or d r e f l e c t s no s ubs t a nt i a l l i ke l i hood o f m is id e n tif

ic a tio n . U

ni ted States v. B ag ley , 7 7 2 F .2 d4 8 2 , 4 9 2 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 8 5 ) . T h e l i n eu p d ep i ct s si x A fri can A m eri can m al es o f ab o u tth e sam e ag e. D esh o t el s’ d a rk e rc o m p le x io n d o e s n o t r e n d e rth e lin e u p im p e rm is s ib lys u g g e s tiv e . U ni ted- 4-

S ta tes v. N

a sh , 946 F . 2d 679, 681 ( 9th C i r . 1991) ( phot o a rr a yw a s not i m pe rm i s s i bl ys ugge s t i ve de s pi t e di f f e r e nc e s i n ha i r s ty l e s , e thni c i ty , a nd c o m p le x io n s ) . T h e m a te r ia l w itn e s s e s ’ id e n tif ic a tio n s o f

D e s h o te ls w e r e r e liab le . N ei l v. B i g g ers , 4 0 9 U .S . 1 8 8 , 1 9 9 - 2 0 0 ( 1 9 7 2 ) . T h e yh a da n o p p o rtu n ityto c lo s e ly obs e rve D e s hot e l s a s he l oa de d the m i nt o the trunk. T he i rde s c r i pt i ons of D es ho t el s w er e r ea sonabl y a cc urat e and i nd ependent l y c on si st ent . T he di stri ct co u rtd i d n o terr i n d en yi n g th e m o t i o n t o su p p ress th e i d en t i fi cat i o n s. D es ho t el s c hal l enges the suff i ci encyof the evi dence t o sup po rtthe three c o n v ic tio n s f

o ra id in g a n d ab e ttin g b r in g in g in ille g a l a lie n s f o rf in a n c ia l g a in . W e r e v i e w de no vo th e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s d e n ia l o f am o tio n u n d e rF e d . R . C r im . P . 2 9 . U ni ted States v. G on zalez , 528 F . 3d 1207, 1211 ( 9th C i r . 2008) . V i e w i ng the evi dence i n the l i gh tm ostfavo rabl e t o the go vernm ent , suff i ci entevi dence s u p p o rts th e c o n v ic tio n s . I d. T he r e c or d de m ons tr a t e s c oor di na t i on a nd a gr e e m e nt b etw een D esh o t el s an d th e sm u g g l ers i n M ex i co p ri o r t o th e m at eri al w i tn esses’ e n tryin to th e U n ite d S ta te s . U ni te d State s v . Si ngh , 532 F . 3d 1053, 1056, 1059- 60 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 8 ) ; U

ni ted States v. L op ez , 484 F . 3d 1186, 1198- 1201 ( 9th C i r . 2007) ( e n banc ) . T he s m uggl e r s t ol d the m a t e r i a l w i tne s s e s w he r e t o hi de a f t e rc r os s i ng th e b o r d e r( n e a ras i g n 1 0 0 m e t e r s f r o m th e b o r d e rf

e n c e ) , f o rwh o m t o wa i t( two A fr i can A m er i can m en), and the prearrang ed si gn al (“ Juan”) . F i ve m i nu t es af t er- 5-

re ac hi ng the si gn , D es ho t el s and G rantarri ved and ye l l ed “ Juan. ” T he di stri ct c o u rt d idn o t e rrin d e n y in g D e s h o te ls ’ th r e e m o tio n s f o ra c q u itta l. D e s hot e l s c ont e nds the s upe r s e di ng i ndi c tm e ntf orbr i ngi ng i n a l i e ns f

or fi nanci al gai n v i ol at es hi s s peedy tri al ri gh t s. 18 U . S . C . § 3 16 1(b). T he di stri ct c ourt ’ s appl i c a t i on of

the s pe e dytr i a l a c ti s r e vi e w e d de no vo . U ni ted States v. L opez - O s una , 242 F . 3d 1191, 1196 ( 9th C i r . 2000) . T he br i ngi ng i n a l i e ns f or f in a n c ia l g a in c h a r g e w a s n e w in th e s u p e r s e d in g in d ic tm e n t; it w a s n o t in c lu d e d in the or i gi na l c om pl a i ntori ndi c tm e nt . T r a ns port a t i on of i l l e ga l a l i e ns a nd br i ngi ng in ille g a l a lie n s f

o rf in a n c ia l g a in a r e d is tin c t o f f e n s e s u n d e r§ 1 3 2 4 . L op ez , 484 F .3 d a t 1 1 9 5 - 9 6 . T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt d idn o t e rrin d e n y in g D e s h o te ls ’ m o tio n to d is m is s th e s u p e r s e d in g in d ic tm e n t. AF F I RME D.