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ARS Home Northeast Area Beltsville, Maryland (BHNRC) Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Nutrient Data Laboratory Research Publications at this Location





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Title:   Author  item
                                            Haytowitz, Daviditem
                                            Ahuja, Jaspreetitem
                                            Showell, Bethanyitem
                                            SOMANCHI, MEENA - University Of Marylanditem
                                            Nickle, Melissaitem
                                            NYGUYEN, QUYHN ANH - University Of Marylanditem
                                            Williams, Juhiitem
                                            Roseland, Janetitem
                                            KHAN, MONA - University Of Marylanditem
                                            PATTERSON, KRIS - University Of Marylanditem
                                            EXLER, JACOB - University Of Marylanditem
                                            WASSWA-KINTU, SHIRLEY - University Of Marylanditem
                                            THOMAS, ROBIN - Food And Drug Administration(FDA)item
                                            Pehrsson, Pamela
  Submitted to: World Wide Web
                                    Publication Type: Government Publication
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/30/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 9/30/2015
                                    Citation: Haytowitz, D.B., Ahuja, J.K., Showell, B.A., Somanchi, M., Nickle, M.S., Nyguyen, Q., Williams, J.R., Roseland, J.M., Khan, M., Patterson, K., Exler, J., Wasswa-Kintu, S., Thomas, R.G., Pehrsson, P.R. 2015. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, release 28. World Wide Web. www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid+8964.Interpretive Summary: The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 (SR28) is the major source of food composition data in the United States and provides the foundation for most public and private sector databases.  SR28 contains nutrient data for nearly 8,800 food items and up to 150 food components, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids.  It replaces the previous release, SR27, originally issued in August 2014.  Numerous foods were added and many were updated with new data obtained from the food industry or by procedures developed by the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program.  A major focus of this effort was to add and update foods which are major contributors of sodium to the diet. A major application of SR is its use in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) by USDA’s Food Surveys Research Group.  The FNDDS is used to process 24-hour dietary recalls from the survey What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).   

Major changes made to the SR database since the last release; included are the addition of nearly 400 new foods and their nutrient profiles.  Foods added or updated include:  Breakfast cereals, Greek yogurt, pesto sauce, baby foods, sriracha sauce, wasabi, horseradish sauce, gluten free products (pasta, bread, rolls, waffles, pancakes, pretzels, crackers, and cookies), low-sodium bacon, reduced and low-sodium sausages, pepperoni, imported Australian lamb cuts, goji berries, several beverages including bottled tea and coffee, coconut milk, hard cider, malt beverage, fruit-flavored fruit drinks, and mixed fruit juices, whole grain pastas, fast food submarine sandwiches, smoothies (both fruit and vegetable), and mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet light.  A number of meat substitutes intended for individuals choosing not to consume meat products have also been added or updated.  

Notes on Foods were updated for a couple of food groups and new “Notes” have been added for Baked Products, Fast Foods, Meals, Entrees and Side Dishes, Snacks, and Soups, Sauces and Gravies.  The Notes provide additional information on the foods in each food group such as the definitions of lean and fat in meats and a brief description of NDL research projects conducted to generate nutrient data.  

Update files are provided for users who have incorporated SR27 or earlier releases into their systems and want to perform their own updates.  The data are available to search or download from the NDL Web site (www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata) on the Internet.  The online search program has been accessed over 2.3 million times in the past year by 1.3 million unique users.
                                Technical Abstract: The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 contains data for nearly 8,800 food items for up to 150 food components.  SR28 replaces the previous release, SR27, originally issued in August 2014.  Data in SR28 supersede values in the printed handbooks and previous electronic releases of the database.  SR28 includes new data for a number of foods analyzed under the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), a program managed by USDA’s Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL), designed to: 1) identify those foods that are the major contributors of nutrients to the U.S. diet; 2) conduct a probability-based nationwide sampling of those foods; and 3) analyze the samples under USDA-supervised laboratory contracts.  A major focus of this effort was to add and update processed and prepared foods, termed “Sentinel Foods” which are major contributors of sodium to the diet.  A major application of SR is its use by USDA’s Food Surveys Research Group to develop the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), which is used to process 24-hour dietary recalls from the survey What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Major changes made to the SR database since the last release include the addition of nearly 400 new foods and their nutrient profiles.  Foods added or updated include:  Breakfast cereals, Greek yogurt, pesto sauce, baby foods, sriracha sauce, wasabi, horseradish sauce, gluten free products (pasta, bread, rolls, waffles, pancakes, pretzels, crackers, and cookies), low-sodium bacon, reduced and low-sodium sausages, pepperoni, imported Australian lamb cuts, goji berries, several beverages including bottled tea and coffee, coconut milk, hard cider, malt beverage, fruit-flavored fruit drinks, and mixed fruit juices, whole grain pastas, fast food submarine sandwiches, smoothies (both fruit and vegetable), and mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet light.   A number of meat substitutes intended for individuals choosing not to consume meat products have also been added or updated.  A complete list of the added food items is in the ADD_FOOD file.  

Foods with updated nutrient values can be found in the CHG_NUTR file.  Products such as mixed dishes, soups, breakfast cereals and other brand name products that are no longer on the market have been deleted.  A complete list of deleted food items is in the DEL_FOOD file.

In this release, Notes on Baked Products, Fast Foods, Meals, Entrees and Side Dishes, Snacks, and Soups, Sauces and Gravies have been added.  Notes on Foods for Lamb, Veal and Game Products and Cereal Grains and Pasta have been updated to keep information current.  The Notes give additional information such as the definitions of lean and fat for meats and a brief description of NDL research projects conducted to generate nutrient data.  

The database is being provided in the two relational formats (ASCII and Microsoft Access). There are four principal files:  Food Description; Nutrient Data; Gram Weight; and Footnotes and six support files:  Nutrient Definition; Food Group Description; Source Code; Derivation Code; Sources of Data File; and Sources of Data Link File.

Update files for the database are provided and intended for users who have obtained SR27 or earlier releases and wish to perform their own updates.  An abbreviated file is provided as a flat file and as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The abbreviated file does not include values for alcohol, caffeine, phytosterols, starch, theobromine, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, individual amino acids, individual fatty acids, individual sugars, fluoride, betaine, individual tocopherols (other than alpha), individual tocotrienols, menaquinone-4, and dihydrophylloquinone.  The data are available to search or download from the NDL Web site on the Internet http://www.ars.usda


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