1

Insert as applicable: (a) Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. § 801 et seq.); (b) Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C.

§ 951 et seq.); or (c) Section 1 of Act of Sept. 15, 1980 (21 U.S.C. § 955a).

2

Insert as applicable 18 U.S.C. §§1201, 1591,2241-42, 2244(a)(1), 2245, 2251, 2251A, 2252(a)(1), 2252(a)(2), 2252(a)(3, 2252(a)(4), 2260,

2421, 2422, 2423, or 2425.

Page 1 of 3

WO UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

United States of America

v.

Luis Manuel Tovar-Estrada

ORDER OF DETENTION PENDING TRIAL

Case Number: 18-135MJ

In accordance with the Bail Reform Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3142(f), a detention hearing has been submitted to the Court. I conclude

that the following facts are established: (Check one or both, as applicable.)

9 by clear and convincing evidence the defendant is a danger to the community and require the detention of the defendant

pending trial in this case.

: by a preponderance of the evidence the defendant is a serious flight risk and require the detention of the defendant

pending trial in this case.

PART I -- FINDINGS OF FACT

9 (1) 18 U.S.C. §3142 (e)(2)(A): The defendant has been convicted of a (federal offense)(state or local offense that

would have been a federal offense if a circumstance giving rise to federal jurisdiction had existed) that is

9 a crime of violence as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 3156(a)(4).

9 an offense for which the maximum sentence is life imprisonment or death.

9 an offense for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed in 

 1

9 a felony that was committed after the defendant had been convicted of two or more prior federal offenses

described in 18 U.S.C. § 3142(f)(1)(A)-(C), or comparable state or local offenses.

9 any felony that involves a minor victim or that involves the possession or use of a firearm or destructive

device (as those terms are defined in section 921), or any other dangerous weapon, or involves a failure

to register under 18 U.S.C. §2250.

9 (2) 18 U.S.C. §3142(e)(2)(B): The offense described in finding 1 was committed while the defendant was on release

pending trial for a federal, state or local offense.

9 (3) 18 U.S.C. §3142(e)(2)(C): A period of not more than five years has elapsed since the (date of

conviction)(release of the defendant from imprisonment) for the offense described in finding 1.

9 (4) Findings Nos. (1), (2) and (3) establish a rebuttable presumption that no condition or combination of conditions

will reasonably assure the safety of (an)other person(s) and the community. I further find that the defendant has

not rebutted this presumption.

Alternative Findings

9 (1) 18 U.S.C. 3142(e)(3): There is probable cause to believe that the defendant has committed an offense

9 for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed in 1

9 under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), 956(a), or 2332b.

9 under 18 U.S.C. 1581-1594, for which a maximum term of imprisonment of 20 years or more is

prescribed.

9 an offense involving a minor victim under section ____________________________.2

9 (2) The defendant has not rebutted the presumption established by finding 1 that no condition or combination of

conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the defendant as required and the safety of the community.
3

The rules concerning admissibility of evidence in criminal trials do not apply to the presentation and consideration of information at the

[detention] hearing. 18 U.S.C. § 3142(f). See 18 U.S.C. § 3142(g) for the factors to be taken into account.

Page 2 of 3

Alternative Findings

: (1) There is a serious risk that the defendant will flee; no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably

assure the appearance of the defendant as required.

9 (2) No condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the safety of others and the community.

9 (3) There is a serious risk that the defendant will (obstruct or attempt to obstruct justice) (threaten, injure, or

intimidate a prospective witness or juror).

9 (4) 

PART II -- WRITTEN STATEMENT OF REASONS FOR DETENTION

(Check one or both, as applicable.)

9 (1) I find that the credible testimony and information3

 submitted at the hearing establishes by clear and convincing

evidence as to danger that:

: (2) I find that a preponderance of the evidence as to risk of flight that: 

: The defendant has no significant contacts in the District of Arizona.

: The defendant has no resources in the United States from which he/she might make a bond reasonably

calculated to assure his/her future appearance.

: The defendant has a prior criminal history.

9 There is a record of prior failure to appear in court as ordered.

9 The defendant attempted to evade law enforcement contact by fleeing from law enforcement.

9 The defendant is facing a minimum mandatory of incarceration and a maximum of 

 .

: The defendant does not dispute the information contained in the Pretrial Services Report.
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: In addition:

The defendant submitted the issue of detention. The defendant has ties to a foreign country. There is no evidence of

defendant having community ties in the District of Arizona or elsewhere within the United States. The weight of the evidence

against the defendant is great. 

The Court incorporates by reference the findings of the Pretrial Services Agency which were reviewed by the Court at the

time of the hearing in this matter.

PART III -- DIRECTIONS REGARDING DETENTION

The defendant is committed to the custody of the Attorney General or his/her designated representative for confinement

in a corrections facility separate, to the extent practicable, from persons awaiting or serving sentences or being held in custody

pending appeal. The defendant shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity for private consultation with defense counsel. On

order of a court of the United States or on request of an attorney for the Government, the person in charge of the corrections

facility shall deliver the defendant to the United States Marshal for the purpose of an appearance in connection with a court

proceeding.

PART IV -- APPEALS AND THIRD PARTY RELEASE

IT IS ORDERED that should an appeal of this detention order be filed with the District Court, it is counsel's responsibility

to deliver a copy of the motion for review/reconsideration to Pretrial Services at least one day prior to the hearing set before the

District Court. Pursuant to Rule 59(a), FED.R.CRIM.P., effective December 1, 2009, Defendant shall have fourteen (14) days

from the date of service of a copy of this order or after the oral order is stated on the record within which to file specific written

objections with the district court. Failure to timely file objections in accordance with Rule 59(a) may waive the right to review.

59(a), FED.R.CRIM.P.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that if a release to a third party is to be considered, it is counsel's responsibility to notify

Pretrial Services sufficiently in advance of the hearing before the District Court to allow Pretrial Services an opportunity to

interview and investigate the potential third party custodian.

DATED this 16th day of March, 2018