NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RICARDO MACIAS

- SOLIS,

Petitioner,

v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. No. 21

- 368 Agency No. A213

- 212

- 440

MEMORANDUM *

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted June 8, 2023 ** Pasadena , California
Before: GRABER and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and TUNHEIM, District Judge

. ***
Ricardo Macias

- Solis , a native and citizen of Mexico , petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision dismissing his appeal of
an i mmigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his applications for asylum,

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36

- 3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable John R. Tunheim , United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota , sitting by designation. 

# FILED

JUN 14 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS2

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). “Where, as here, the BIA summarily adopts the IJ ’ s decision without opinion pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(e)(4), we review the IJ ’ s decision as if it
were the BIA ’ s decision.” Antonio v. Garland , 58 F.4th 1067, 1072 (9th Cir. 2023) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). We review the agency’s factual determinations for substantial evidence, meaning that we may reverse only if the evidence compels a contrary conclusion. Umana

- Escobar v.
Garland , 62 F.4th 1223, 1228 (9th Cir. 2023). As the parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. We deny the petition for review.
1. The IJ determined that Macias

- Solis was statutorily barred from asylum because he did not apply until almost fifteen years after he entered the United States, and he failed to show that he qualified for an exception to the

one - year deadline. S

ee 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2) (B), (D); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.4(a)(2)

. In his opening brief, Maci a s - Solis does not address, and there fore has waived, any challenge to this aspect of the IJ’s decision. See Lopez

- Vasquez v. Holder , 706 F.3d 1072, 1079

- 80 (9th Cir. 201 3) ( holding that a petitioner waive d issues not specifically raised and argued in an opening brief).
2. Regarding withholding of removal, Macias

- Solis alleged persecution primarily based on three events: (1) the 1994 murder of his cousin by unknown
indi viduals ; (2) the 2010 murder of his uncle , who had formerly work ed for the district attorney’s office, by a cartel ; and (3) a 2004 phone call to his mother from an unknown individual who threatened to kidnap Macias

- Solis. Although3

Macias

- Solis did not ide ntify a particular social group, the IJ construed his claim as alleging fear of harm based on either family membership or resistance
to cartel recruitment.
The IJ determined that Macias

- Solis did not establish past harm rising to the level of persecution, a ruling that Macias

- Solis has waived by failing to address in his opening brief. See id. In addition, the IJ’s determination that
Macias

- Solis failed to show harm on account of a protected ground is supported by substantial evidence

. See Santos

- Ponce v. Wilkinson , 987 F.3d 886, 890 (9th Cir. 2021) (holding that the petitioner failed to establish a nexus with his proposed particular social group of his family because “ the record does not
contain a ny evidence that his uncle ’ s membership in the Santos

- Ponce family

was
. . . a reason that the gang killed him ”).
3. Finally, under the CAT, substantial evidence supports the IJ’s
determination that Macias

- Solis failed to demonstrate that he will more lik ely
than not be tortured if returned to Mexico. See id. at 891. The stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.
PETITION DENIED

.