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Title:   Author  item
                                            Coates, Braditem
                                            ALVEZ, A - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            WANG, HAICHUAN - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            ZHOU, ZUGUO - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            NOWASTSKI, TIM - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            CHEN, HONG - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            RANGASAMY, MURUGESAN - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            ROBERTSON, HUGH - University Of Illinoisitem
                                            WHITFIELD, CHARLES - University Of Illinoisitem
                                            WALDEN, KIMBERLY - University Of Illinoisitem
                                            KACHMAN, STEVEN - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            French, Bryanitem
                                            MEINKE, LANCE - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            HAWTHORNE, DAVID - University Of Marylanditem
                                            Abel, Craigitem
                                            Sappington, Thomasitem
                                            SIEGFRIED, BLAIR - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            MILLER, NICHOLAS - University Of Nebraska
  Submitted to: Insect Molecular Biology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/14/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 1/4/2016
                                    Citation: Coates, B.S., Alvez, A., Wang, H., Zhou, Z., Nowastski, T., Chen, H., Rangasamy, M., Robertson, H.M., Whitfield, C.W., Walden, K.K., Kachman, S.D., French, B.W., Meinke, L.J., Hawthorne, D., Abel, C.A., Sappington, T.W., Siegfried, B.D., Miller, N.J. 2016. Quantitative trait locus mapping and functional genomics of an organophosphate resistance trait in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Insect Molecular Biology. 25(1):1-15. doi: 10.1111/imb.12194.Interpretive Summary: Western corn rootworm (WCR) is a serious insect pest of corn through most of the United States, where crop damage and control costs associated with this insect are greater than $1 billion per year.  Efforts to control damage to corn crops has become increasing difficult due to selection for WCR populations that are resistant to multiple different chemical insecticides, which includes populations in western areas of the corn belt that cannot be controlled by organophosphate (OP) insecticides.  In order to understand the genetic basis of OP resistance in WCR, ARS scientists and university collaborators identified a single genome region that is associated with inheritance of OP resistance.  This research additionally showed that four genes that encode enzymes known to degrade chemical bonds of insecticide molecules are expressed at higher levels in OP resistant compared to susceptible WCR beetles.  This might suggest OP resistant WCR have an increased capacity to detoxify the pesticide when they are exposed to field sprays.  These data will likely assist university and private-sector scientists in understanding the genetic basis of OP pesticide resistance in WCR.
                                Technical Abstract: The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is an insect pest of corn, and population suppression with chemical insecticides is an important management tool.  Traits conferring organophosphate insecticide resistance have increased in frequency among WCR populations, resulting in the reduced efficacy in many corn growing regions of the United States.  We used comparative functional genomic and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approaches to investigate the genetic basis of WCR resistance to the organophosphate, methyl-parathion.  RNA from adult methyl-parathion resistant and susceptible adults was hybridized to 8,331 microarray probes.  Results predicted that 11 transcripts were significantly up-regulated in resistant phenotypes, with the most significant being a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and two esterase-like transcripts.  Differential expression was validated only for esterase3, with 8- to 30-fold greater expression in methyl-parathion resistant adults.  Progeny with a segregating methyl-parathion resistance trait were obtained from a reciprocal backcross design.  QTL analyses of high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data predicted involvement of a single genome interval.  These data implicate the involvement of a specific carboyxesterase in field-evolved WCR resistance to organophosphates.


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