COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Beales, Ortiz and Causey

Argued at Lexington, Virginia

ANTHONY LARON FITZGERALD 

MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY

v. Record No. 0303-22-3 JUDGE DANIEL E. ORTIZ

FEBRUARY 7, 2023

COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY

Stacey W. Moreau, Judge

James C. Martin (Martin & Martin Law Firm, on brief), for 

appellant.

John Beamer, Assistant Attorney General (Jason S. Miyares,

Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Following a bench trial, the Pittsylvania County Circuit Court convicted Anthony Laron 

Fitzgerald of malicious wounding and abduction and sentenced him to four years and six months’ 

incarceration. Fitzgerald does not challenge his abduction conviction but argues on appeal that the 

evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for malicious wounding. Because the evidence 

was sufficient to support his conviction for malicious wounding, we affirm.

BACKGROUND

Tiffany Paduano and Fitzgerald have two children together. In January 2021, Paduano and 

Fitzgerald “weren’t seeing each other,” but she sometimes stayed at his residence. On the night of 

January 28, 2021, Paduano, Fitzgerald, their children, and Fitzgerald’s mother were at Fitzgerald’s 

residence. Fitzgerald “consumed alcohol” and “an unknown drug,” and he became irate, yelled, and 

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.

UNPUBLISHED
- 2 -

“wasn’t making a whole lot of sense.” Fitzgerald and Paduano got into a verbal altercation that

became physical. While Paduano was standing near the island separating the kitchen and living 

room, Fitzgerald picked her up and threw her six to nine feet across the living room. Her forehead 

struck a “wooden platform” on the living room floor, and she began bleeding profusely. Paduano 

testified that she did not think that “it was [Fitzgerald’s] intention to . . . harm [her] the way that 

[she] was harmed.”

Paduano wiped the blood from her eyes and grabbed an aluminum baseball bat, intending to 

strike Fitzgerald because she “was scared.” Before she could do so, Fitzgerald took the bat and 

struck her left leg near her thigh. After he hit her, she asked if she “could get medical attention.” 

Paduano tried to leave the residence multiple times, but Fitzgerald did not allow her to leave. He 

stood between her and the door, told her not to leave, and physically moved her away from the door. 

He also took her cell phone. Fitzgerald detained Paduano for “several hours,” into the morning of 

January 29, 2021. Her head was bleeding the entire time, and Fitzgerald’s mother “kept giving [her] 

towels to soak up” the blood.

When Fitzgerald was not paying attention, Paduano found her car keys, ran from the 

residence, and drove to her friend’s residence. Her friend, Vincent Facchini, answered the door, and 

Paduano fainted in his arms. Facchini stated that her head was “busted open” and there was “blood 

all in her hair.” He drove Paduano to the fire station, and an ambulance took her from the station to 

the emergency room. She remained at the emergency room for several hours and received fourteen 

staples. According to hospital records, Paduano was “beat with a baseball bat” in her chest, 

abdomen, and legs.

Deputy McCullough interviewed Paduano at the emergency room. He stated that she

suffered “severe head trauma” and was in “a great deal of pain.” He identified several pictures that 

he took of Paduano at the hospital. The Commonwealth also played a portion of their interaction,
- 3 -

recorded by McCullough’s body camera. Forensic nurse Kimberly Barnes examined Paduano on 

January 30, 2021. Barnes identified multiple photographs that she took of Paduano’s injuries. In 

her report, Barnes stated that Paduano suffered a nine-centimeter laceration with fourteen staples on 

her forehead, fifteen bruises on her arms and legs, and abrasions to her back and knees.

After the Commonwealth rested, Fitzgerald moved to strike the evidence. He argued that 

the Commonwealth failed to prove malice and intent, as Paduano testified that she did not believe 

Fitzgerald intended to hurt her that badly. The Commonwealth argued that Paduano’s testimony 

regarding Fitzgerald’s intent was not dispositive and that Fitzgerald’s actions, combined with 

Paduano’s injuries, were sufficient to show malice and intent. The trial court denied the motion to 

strike and convicted Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald appeals his conviction for malicious wounding.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

“When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘[t]he judgment of the trial court is 

presumed correct and will not be disturbed unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to 

support it.’” Smith v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 450, 460 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting 

Commonwealth v. Perkins, 295 Va. 323, 327 (2018)). “In such cases, ‘[t]he Court does not ask 

itself whether it believes that the evidence at the trial established guilt beyond a reasonable 

doubt.’” Secret v. Commonwealth, 296 Va. 204, 228 (2018) (alteration in original) (quoting 

Pijor v. Commonwealth, 294 Va. 502, 512 (2017)). “Rather, the relevant question is whether 

‘any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a 

reasonable doubt.’” Vasquez v. Commonwealth, 291 Va. 232, 248 (2016) (quoting Williams v. 

Commonwealth, 278 Va. 190, 193 (2009)). “If there is evidentiary support for the conviction, 

‘the reviewing court is not permitted to substitute its own judgment, even if its opinion might 

differ from the conclusions reached by the finder of fact at the trial.’” Chavez v. Commonwealth, 

69 Va. App. 149, 161 (2018) (quoting Banks v. Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 273, 288 (2017)).
- 4 -

ANALYSIS

Although Fitzgerald contends that the evidence was insufficient to prove that he acted 

with malice and with the intent to maim, disfigure, disable, or kill,

1

the totality of the evidence, 

reviewed together, demonstrates that Fitzgerald acted with the requisite malice and intent and 

supports Fitzgerald’s conviction for malicious wounding.

“A defendant violates Code § 18.2-51 when he wounds or injures a victim ‘with the intent to 

maim, disfigure, disable, or kill’ [her]. If the defendant acts with malice, he is guilty of malicious 

wounding.” Williams v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 240, 248 (2015). Malice occurs when a 

defendant commits “a wrongful act intentionally, or without just cause or excuse, or as a result of 

ill will,” Tizon v. Commonwealth, 60 Va. App. 1, 11 (2012), and may be “express or implied by 

conduct,” Watson-Scott v. Commonwealth, 298 Va. 251, 256 (2019). Whether a defendant 

“acted with malice is generally a question of fact and may be proved by circumstantial 

evidence.” Palmer v. Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 225, 237 (2019). “Malice may be inferred 

from the deliberate use of a deadly weapon.” Luck v. Commonwealth, 32 Va. App. 827, 834 

(2000). A deadly weapon is “one which is likely to produce death or great bodily injury from the 

manner in which it is used.” Justiss v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 261, 274 (2012). Whether a 

weapon is deadly “often depends more on the manner in which it has been used than on its 

intrinsic character.” Id. This determination belongs to the fact-finder. Id.

1 The Commonwealth argues that we should dismiss Fitzgerald’s appeal because his 

assignment of error “does not address any findings or rulings of the trial court,” as required by 

Rule 5A:20(c). Although Fitzgerald’s assignment of error is perhaps inartfully worded, we 

nevertheless conclude that the assignment of error “adequately puts the [C]ourt and opposing 

counsel on notice as to ‘what points [Fitzgerald]’s counsel intends to ask a reversal of the 

judgment or decree’ and prevents them from having to ‘hunt through the record for every 

conceivable error which the court below may have committed.’” Findlay v. Commonwealth, 287 

Va. 111, 116 (2014).
- 5 -

“To be guilty of malicious wounding, a person must also intend to permanently, not 

merely temporarily, harm another person.” Perkins, 295 Va. at 330. “Intent is the purpose 

formed in a person’s mind which may, and often must, be inferred from the facts and 

circumstances in a particular case.” Id. The fact-finder may infer that “every person intends the 

natural, probable consequences of his . . . actions.” Id. To determine whether the evidence was 

sufficient to prove intent, a court should consider both “the method by which a victim is 

wounded” and “the circumstances under which that injury was inflicted.” Id.

Viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth—as we must on appeal—the 

evidence supports the circuit court’s finding that Fitzgerald acted with the requisite malice and 

intent for the crime of malicious wounding. Although Fitzgerald asserts that the incident was 

only “[a] single pushing or throwing” “combined with a single hit with an aluminum softball 

bat,” the evidence belies this characterization. To the contrary, the evidence showed that 

Fitzgerald became irate, yelled at Paduano, and threw her across the room, where she gashed her 

forehead on a wooden platform, causing blood to flow into her eyes. Fitzgerald then struck 

Paduano with an aluminum bat. 

Although Paduano testified only about one hit to her left thigh, she told the treating 

medical providers at the hospital that Fitzgerald beat her chest, abdomen, and legs with the bat. 

Moreover, the photographs taken by Deputy McCullough at the hospital and Nurse Barnes 

during the forensic examination show that Paduano’s body was covered with bruises and 

abrasions, consistent with her account at the hospital. Accordingly, a rational fact-finder could 

conclude that after Paduano suffered a serious head wound, Fitzgerald struck her with an 

aluminum baseball bat and then hit her repeatedly, all over her body. A rational fact-finder could 

similarly find that the aluminum bat was a deadly weapon, based on Fitzgerald’s use of the bat. 

Justiss, 61 Va. App. at 274. Fitzgerald’s actions—repeatedly striking Paduano with a deadly 
- 6 -

weapon after she suffered a serious head wound—are sufficient to prove both malice and intent

to permanently injure. 

Regarding malice, Fitzgerald does not contest that his actions were deliberate, nor does 

he argue that they were justified. See Tizon, 60 Va. App. at 11. His anger throughout the assault 

is additional evidence of implied malice, as are the facts that he prevented Paduano from leaving 

and ignored her pleas for medical care until she escaped “several hours” later. See Miller v. 

Commonwealth, 5 Va. App. 22, 25 (1987) (“If all of the evidence demonstrates that the accused 

reflected or deliberated, that his passion cooled, or that there was reasonable time or opportunity 

for cooling, then the wounding is attributable to malice and not heat of passion.”); see also

Thomas v. Commonwealth, 186 Va. 131, 139 (1947) (“Malice . . . is intended to denote an action 

flowing from any wicked and corrupt motive . . . where the fact has been attended with such 

circumstances as carry in them the plain indications of a heart regardless of social duty.”

(emphasis added)).

Regarding intent, a rational fact-finder could find that a defendant who struck an 

already-injured victim multiple times with an aluminum bat and deliberately thwarted her ability 

to receive medical care intended to cause permanent harm. See Perkins, 295 Va. at 330 (“Intent 

can . . . be inferred from the act itself.”). Although Fitzgerald asserts that such intent “cannot 

ordinarily be presumed from a blow with a fist,” a single blow with a fist is readily 

distinguishable from multiple blows with an aluminum bat. And Fitzgerald does not challenge 

that serious, permanent injuries are the natural and probable consequences of such blows.

Finally, intent is often established by circumstantial evidence. See Perkins, 295 Va. at 

330. Here, there was ample circumstantial evidence by which a rational trier of fact could find 

the requisite intent. Although Fitzgerald argues that Paduano’s testimony—specifically, that she 

did not believe Fitzgerald intended to hurt her as badly as he did—prevents a finding of malice 
- 7 -

and intent to permanently injure, the trial court, as fact-finder, had the sole discretion to weigh 

Paduano’s testimony and was free to accept certain aspects of her testimony and reject others. 

Dalton v. Commonwealth, 64 Va. App. 512, 525-26 (2015); Creamer v. Commonwealth, 64 

Va. App. 185, 204 (2015). However, even if the fact-finder gave weight to the testimony that 

Fitzgerald recites, that testimony referred to the head injury that Paduano suffered after 

Fitzgerald threw her, not to the injuries that Fitzgerald inflicted with the aluminum bat. 

Accordingly, the trial court’s finding that Fitzgerald acted with malice and intent to permanently 

injure Paduano is supported by the evidence.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Fitzgerald’s conviction for malicious wounding.

Affirmed.