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Title:   Author  item
                                            Schemerhorn, Brandiitem
                                            Crane, Yan Maitem
                                            Cambron, Sueitem
                                            Crane, Charlesitem
                                            Shukle, Richard
  Submitted to: Journal of Insect Science
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/15/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 11/5/2015
                                    Citation: Schemerhorn, B.J., Crane, Y.M., Cambron, S.E., Crane, C.F., Shukle, R.H. 2015. Use of microsatellite and SNP markers to characterize biotypes in Hessian fly. Journal of Insect Science. 15(1):158. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iev138.Interpretive Summary: Tracking Hessian fly populations through generations in culture can be difficult.  This information is important for researchers and breeders, who screen new wheat varieties.  We need to know with certainty that the wheat is resistant to a particular population or biotype.  Using a combination of molecular markers, we were able to determine characteristic genotypes for the Hessian fly laboratory collections.  These genotypes related either to their original geography, or to specific breeding processes used to create them.  This information will allow for a more accurate screening process with new wheat and allow us to better measure the changes in bioptypes due to different selective pressures both in the field and in the laboratory.
                                Technical Abstract: Exploration of the biotype structure of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), would improve our knowledge regarding variation in virulence phenotypes and difference in genetic background. The objective of this study was to develop and test a panel of 18 microsatellite and 22 SNP markers to reveal the genetic structure of nine Hessian fly biotypes.  The microsatellites were more polymorphic than the SNP markers, and their neighbor-joining trees differed in consequence.  Use of the k-means clustering algorithm in the STRUCTURE program shows that the nine biotypes comprise six to eight populations that are related to geography or history within laboratory cultures.  This methodology allows tracking of biotypes through generations.


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