# Patent

## Title
Apparatus for inflating and sealing pillows in packaging cushions

## Abstract

A machine which inflates and seals pillows in packaging is compact in overall size, can be conveniently operated to produce varied lengths of strips of inflated pillow-type packaging as needed, can begin production of inflated pillow-type strip packaging immediately after being held out of a production cycle for some period of time, and applies a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with a web of film to securely seal the inlet port of an inflated pillow while the pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through the machine.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a division of application Ser. No. 12/436,286, filed May 6, 2009, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/186,820, filed Jul. 22, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,536,837, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/732,437, filed Dec. 9, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,059,097, which is a division of application Ser. No. 10/366,812, filed Feb. 13, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,090,912, which in turn is a division of application Ser. No. 10/108,823, filed Mar. 26, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,605,169, and a division of application Ser. No. 09/638,843, filed Aug. 14, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,659,150, (reissued as U.S. Pat. Re40,288), which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/439,552, filed Nov. 12, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,209,286, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to Provisional Application No. 60/123,497, filed Mar. 9, 1999.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for inflating and sealing pillows in packaging.
This invention relates particularly to the construction and operation of a machine which is small enough to be installed for operation on site where articles packaged for transport are placed in shipping containers with protective inflated pillow-type strip packaging.
This invention relates particularly to a machine which is compact in overall size, which can be conveniently operated to produce varied lengths of strips of inflated pillow-type packaging as needed, which can begin production of inflated pillow-type strip packaging immediately after being held out of a production cycle for some period of time and which applies a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with a web of film to securely seal the inlet port of an inflated pillow while the pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through the machine.
This invention relates particularly to a machine which forms the seal complete and secure during a short path of travel and during a short interval of time. The seal is made without the need for additional pressing together of the film after the sealing and without the need for additional cooling of the seal after the sealed inlet port moves out of contact with the sealing structure.
Webs of plastic film which are constructed to permit the production of strips of air filled envelopes, cushions and pillows have (in the past ten years or so) been used extensively for cushioning objects to be transported in containers.
The thin webs of plastic film are inexpensive, tough, resilient and recyclable. Strips of inflated pillow packaging which are created from these webs of plastic film are used for void-fill packaging to replace products such as crumpled paper or polystyrene peanuts and for protective packaging to replace molded or extruded foams.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,642; U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,237; U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,328; U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,351; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,392 disclose methods, apparatus, and webs of plastic film used for making strips of inflated pillow packaging of this general kind. Each of these U.S. patents is incorporated by reference in this application.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,116,600 and 6,209,286 also disclose methods, apparatus and webs of plastic film of this general kind and are incorporated herein by reference.
Sealing an inflated pillow made a web of plastic film while the air inflates the pillow under pressure and while the web of plastic film is being transported through the machine presents problems.
The seal must be secure and must not leak in order for the inflated pillow packaging to be used effectively for cushioning objects transported within a container.
The seal needs to be formed efficiently, quickly and without extensive, related pressing and/or cooling structure in order to make the machine as compact as possible in size and as efficient as possible in production rate.
To simplify machine construction and to provide a high efficiency of production, it is desirable to be able to make the seal as the web of plastic film is moved continuously and without any interruption and/or intermittent stopping of the film transport during the sealing operation.
It is a primary object of the present invention to construct and to operate a machine which is compact in size, which is efficient in production, which is continuous and uninterrupted in operation and which produces seals which are secure and which do not leak.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a machine inflates and seals pillows in packaging while continuously and uninterruptedly advancing a web of film through an inflating station and a sealing station. The inflating station sequentially inflates pillows at preformed patterns in the web of film by introducing pressurized air through a narrow width inlet port of a preformed pattern. The sealing station seals each inlet port by applying a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with the web of film while the air in an inflated pillow is under pressure as the inlet port moves across the heated sealing element.
The web of film has an uninflated pillow pattern and an uninflated inflation channel preformed in the film. The uninflated pillow patterns comprise multiple, spaced apart, pillow patterns aligned along one side of an inflation channel. The inflation channel extends longitudinally and continuously along the entire length of the film. Each uninflated pillow pattern has a narrow width inlet port extending generally transversely to the longitudinally extending inflation channel and connecting the uninflated pillow pattern to the uninflated inflation channel so that, when pressurized air is introduced into the inflation channel, the pressurized air can be transmitted through the inlet port to inflate the pillow pattern. In some cases the preformed pattern is also formed with outlet ports connected to the inflation channel in such a way that air entering the inflation channel can move into a pillow through an inlet port and can also exit out of the inflation channel through the outlet port. The outlet port is generally shaped smaller than the inlet port.
By allowing the air above a desired pressure to escape through an outlet port or ports, the pressure in the inflation channel is maintained at a desired level for inflating the pillows creating over-pressurization.
The air escaping through the outlet port is also sensed to detect where the pillows are in the machine. These detected outlet port positions are then used as signals for an associated electronic unit to count the number of pillows inflated in a particular run through the machine. This also facilitates being able to stop the movement of the film through the machine after one production run of a selected number of inflated pillows at a position which is the right position to start a subsequent production run of a selected number of inflated pillows.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the web of film with the preformed patterns is stored on a storage roller of the machine and is advanced through the machine by a first set of nip rollers and a second set of nip rollers at a respective first film transport station and a second film transport station.
Pressurized air is introduced into the inflation channel of the web of film at an inflating station as the web of film is transported through the first film transport station. The pressurized air inflates at least one of the pillow patterns prior to the time the web of film is continuously transported through a sealing station.
Pressure is maintained in the inflated pillow pattern within a calibrated pressure range during the time that the web of film is continuously transported through the sealing station.
At the sealing station the inlet port of an inflated pillow is sealed by applying a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with the web of film. The heated sealing element slides across the inlet port while the air in the inflated pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced throughout all components of the machine.
The heated sealing element has a relatively small longitudinal dimension in the direction of movement of the web of film. In a specific embodiment the length of the heated sealing element is about the same as the width of the inlet port of a pillow pattern. This small size of the heated sealing element helps minimize the amount of sealing heat applied to the web of film.
The sealing station includes a sealing roller disposed alongside the heated sealing element so as to permit the web of film to be advanced between the sealing roller and the heated sealing element. Adjustable biasing means provide for adjustment of the force with which the heated sealing element and the sealing roller are pressed toward engagement with one another.
The sealing roller is positioned with respect to the first and second pairs of nip rollers so as to cause the web of film to wrap around a part of the peripheral surface of the sealing roller both in a circumferential direction and also in a lateral direction. This helps create a dead and flat zone right at and adjacent to the line of sealing across the inlet port. This in turn facilitates making a secure seal without leaking while the pillow is inflated under pressure.
The axes of rotation of at least the second pair of nip rollers are preferably canted at a slight angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the sealing roller.
The second pair of nip rollers are preferably rotated at a speed slightly faster than the speed of rotation of the first pair of nip rollers so as to maintain tension in the web of film between the second and first pair of nip rollers.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention the heated sealing element is a fabric covered Nichrome wire disposed at the end of a bar element which is biased toward engagement with a sealing roller. The fabric covering of the Nichrome wire has a Teflon coating on its outer surface for facilitating sliding of the heated sealing element on the engaged surface of the film as the web of film is advanced through the machine.
The bar on which the heated sealing element is mounted is a composite bar. The very tip of the bar is a ceramic having good insulating qualities, and the remainder of the bar is a different material selected to provide enhanced mechanical durability.
The seal is formed complete and secure during a short path of travel through the sealing station.
The seal is complete and secure at the time the web of film moves out of contact with the wheel at the sealing station and without the need for additional pressing together of the film after the sealing station and without the need for additional cooling of the film across the sealed inlet port after the sealed inlet port moves out of contact with the sealing station.
In a second specific embodiment of the present invention the sealing wheel is pressure biased toward engagement with the heated sealing element.
In both the first and second specific embodiments the heated sealing element and the sealing wheel are spaced apart from one another when the machine is not transporting the web of film through the machine in a production run. This enables the heated sealing element to be maintained at a desired temperature level while preventing contact with and possible burning of the unmoving film at the sealing station.
In one specific embodiment of the invention the fabric covering for the Nichrome wire is held in a fixed position at the end of the bar element and is replaced as needed.
In another specific embodiment of the invention the heating station includes a cartridge unit which can be quickly and easily interchanged with another cartridge unit. The cartridge unit includes an elongated strip of the fabric covering. The strip is mounted on two rotatable reels. The fabric always covers the Nichrome wire, as in the first specific embodiment, and the fabric has a Teflon coating on the side which engages the film in sliding contact, as in the first specific embodiment. The elongated strip of fabric covering is wound between the two reels so as to be moved across the length of the Nichrome wire at a speed which is much slower than the speed of movement of the film through the machine but which is fast enough to ensure that the covering strip of fabric is always effective to function properly without any burn through of the fabric or damage to the film from the heated Nichrome wire. The cartridge unit permits the Nichrome wire of the heated sealing element to be easily disconnected from its power supply. The cartridge units are constructed to be readily interchanged as units, rather than having to replace individual components of the cartridge unit.
Methods and apparatus which incorporate the features noted above and which are effective to function as described above comprise further, specific objects of this invention.
Other and further objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description and claims and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which by way of illustration, show preferred embodiments of the present invention and the principles thereof and what are now considered to be the best modes contemplated for applying these principles. Other embodiments of the invention embodying the same or equivalent principles may be used and structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and the purview of the appended claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING VIEWS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a machine, constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, for inflating and sealing pillows in packaging. FIG. 1 is a general view which illustrates how a web of film is transported through the machine. FIG. 1 shows how the web of film has a preferred pattern of spaced-apart, inflatable pillows aligned along one side of a longitudinally extending inflation channel. FIG. 1 illustrates how rollers (at a first transport station, at a sealing station, and at a second transport station) are positioned to engage the underside (as viewed in FIG. 1) of the web of film.
FIG. 2 is another isometric view of the machine shown in FIG. 1, but in FIG. 2 the lower part of the figure has been revised to (in effect) see through the web of film in order to show details of certain structure of the machine. FIG. 2 shows the inflation tube of the inflating action, the nip rollers of the first transport station, the heated sealing element and the associated sealing roller at the sealing station, and the nip rollers at the second transport station.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the machine of FIGS. 1 and 2, but without the web of film material. FIG. 3 shows the main structural and operative features of the machine itself.
FIG. 4 is an isometric, enlarged view showing details of the features of the first film transport station, the inflation station structure, the sealing station structure, the slitting station structure, and the second film transport station structure.
FIG. 5 is an isometric, enlarged view like FIG. 4 but shows details of just the mechanism for driving the various rollers of the machine. FIG. 5 does not show the inflation station structure, the heated sealing element at the sealing station, or the slitter structure for opening up the inflation tube of the web of film after the sealing station.
FIG. 6 is an isometric view showing details of the structure of the sealing station. FIG. 6 shows the heated sealing element pressed toward engagement with the sealing wheel in the positions occupied by those two components during a production run of the inflated pillow packaging through the machine.
FIG. 7 is a top plan view, taken along the line and in the direction indicated by the arrows 7-7 in FIG. 6, but showing the heated sealing element retracted away from the sealing wheel in the positions occupied by those two components when no film is being transported through the machine.
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a specific embodiment of a web of film constructed in accordance with the present invention and having a specific pattern of inflatable pillows, inlet ports for permitting inflation of the pillows, and escape ports for preventing over pressurization of the pillows and for also permitting more accurate position sensing of the pillows as the web of film moves through the machine.
FIGS. 9A-9G are a series of the isometric views showing details of the structure, components and sequence of assembly of certain components of the heated sealing element at the sealing station.
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a machine constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 10 includes a cartridge unit which is mounted on a separate sub-plate or sub-frame and which permits all of the components of the cartridge unit to be quickly and easily removed and replaced by another, replacement cartridge unit. The cartridge unit provides the heated sealing element components for the sealing station. FIG. 10 shows the sealing wheel of the sealing station positioned to engage the web of film in sliding contact with the heated sealing element during a production run of packaging.
FIG. 11 is an isometric view like FIG. 10 but showing the sealing wheel moved to a retracted position which permits the web of film to move out of contact with the heated sealing element when the machine is stopped between production runs and the film is not being transported through the machine.
FIG. 12 is an enlarged, isometric view of the replaceable cartridge unit itself. FIG. 12 shows the strip of covering fabric in stored positions on the reels of the cartridge unit prior to installation of the cartridge unit in the machine. When installed in the machine, a portion of the strip of covering fabric is positioned over the wire of the heating element (as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11).
FIG. 13 is an enlarged, isometric view of the sealing wheel and the related actuator mechanism for positioning the sealing wheel at the sealing station.
FIG. 14 is an enlarged, side elevation view of the sealing station structure with the structure in the operative position shown in FIG. 10; and,
FIG. 15 is an enlarged, side elevation view of the sealing station structure with the structure in the non-operating position shown in FIG. 11.
FIG. 16 is an isometric view of a machine for manufacturing air-filled sheet plastic shipping pillows or cushions in a continuous manner from a roll of film material in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 shows an alternative embodiment of the machine shown in FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 shows a web of film in accordance with an alternative embodiment, which has preformed seal line elements within the interior of the pillows that permit the pillows to be folded.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are isometric views of a machine, constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, for inflating and sealing pillows in packaging.
The machine is indicated by the general reference numeral 11 in each of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
The machine 11, as most easily viewed in FIG. 3, comprises a main plate 13 on which various structural and operational features are mounted.
A support tube 15 is mounted at the upper (as viewed in FIGS. 1-3) of the main plate 13 for supporting a roll 17 of a web of film 19 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
Guide tubes 21 and 23 are mounted on the plate 13 below the tube 15. The tubes 21 and 23 serve to guide the web of film 19 from the roll 17 to the operating mechanism 25 of the machine 11. The operating mechanism 25 is described in more detail below.
The mechanism 25 is illustrated in detail in FIG. 4 and comprises a first film transport station 27, a second film transport station 29, an inflating station 31, a sealing station 33, and a slitting station 35.
The first film transport station 27 includes a first pair of nip rollers 37 and 39 for gripping the web of film 19 (see FIG. 1) and for pulling the web of film 19 from the roll 17 and under and over the guide tubes 21 and 23 and through the first film transport station 27 when the nip rollers are rotated by associated drive gears 41, 43 and a drive belt 45. The nip rollers 37 and 39 are rotated in the directions indicated by the direction arrows on the drive gears 41 and 43 shown in FIG. 4.
The drive belt 45 is driven by a drive gear 47 which is in turn driven by a motor 49 (see FIG. 5).
The second film transport station 29 comprises a second pair of nip rollers 49 and 51 which grip the web of film 19 to continuously advance the web of film 19 from the first transport station 27 to and through the inflating station 25 and to and through the sealing station 33 and then to and through the second film transport station 29.
The nip rollers 49 and 51 are driven by drive gears 53 and 55 and in the rotational directions indicated by the directional arrows on the drive gears 53 and 55 in FIG. 4.
Drive shafts 40 and 44 transmit the drive from the drive gears 41 and 43 to the nip rollers 37 and 39.
Drive shafts 50 and 52 transmit the drive from the drive gears 53 and 55 to the nip rollers 49 and 51.
With continued reference to FIG. 4, the drive belt 45 passes about an idler gear 57. The drive gears 41, 43, 47, 53, 55 and idler gear 57 are all mounted for rotation on and are supported by the main plate 13.
The inflating station 31 includes an inflation tube 59 and a generally spherically shaped and partially Teflon coated ball 61 located at the upper end (as viewed in FIG. 4) of the tube 59. The ball 61 has a plurality of openings 63 for injecting pressurized air into an inflation channel in the web of film 19.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 8, the web of film 19 as stored on the roll 17 shown in FIG. 1 has a pattern of pillows 65, a longitudinally extending inflation channel 67, inlet ports 69, and outlet ports 71 preformed in the web of film. The pillows 65, channel 67, ports 69 and ports 71 are uninflated in the web of film as stored on the roll 17.
The uninflated pillow patterns 65 are longitudinally spaced apart from one another and are aligned (in the embodiment of the web of film 19 illustrated in the drawings) along one side of the inflation channel 67.
The inflation channel 67 extends longitudinally and continuously along the entire length of the web of film 19.
The inflation channel 67 is dimensioned to provide a close, sliding fit over the Teflon coated ball 61.
Each pillow 65 is connected to the inflation channel 67 by an inlet port 69. The inlet port 69 extends generally transversely to the longitudinally extending inflation channel 67 and has a narrow interior width which is positioned at the sealing station 33 (in a manner to be described more fully below) to facilitate quick and secure sealing of pressurized air within an inflated pillow 65 in a small path of travel and in a short time of continuous, uninterrupted travel through the sealing station 33.
The outlet ports 71 are shaped to be somewhat smaller than the inlet ports 69. These outlet ports 51 are located on the side of the channel 67 opposite the inlet ports 69 and are generally aligned with the inlet ports 69.
As will be described in greater detail below, the outlet ports 71 allow air to escape in a way to maintain pressure in the channel 67 and in the inflated pillows at a calibrated, desired level without creating over-pressurization in the pillows.
In addition, the air that exists from an outlet port 71 can be sensed by a pressure transducer 73 (see FIG. 8) to allow for accurate position sensing of the pillows as the pillows move through the machine 11.
The air escaping through the outlet ports is sensed to detect where the pillows are in the machine. These detected outlet port positions are then used as signals for an associated electronic unit to count the number of pillows inflated in a particular run through the machine. This also facilitates being able to stop the movement of the film through the machine, after one production run of a selected number of inflated pillows, at a position which is the right position to start a subsequent production run of a selected number of inflated pillows.
The upper end of the inflation tube 59 is formed with a small curvature so as to better follow the path of the film 19 as the film is advanced through the first transport station 27 and the sealing station 33.
Details of the construction and mode of operation of the sealing station 33 are illustrated and will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 6 and 7.
The sealing station 33 comprises a sealing roller 75 mounted on a shaft 77 which is in turn mounted for rotation in a bearing assembly attached to the main plate 13.
The sealing station 33 also comprises a heated sealing element located at the outer end (the right hand end as viewed in FIG. 7) of a bar 81. The very tip 80 of the bar 81 is a ceramic of aluminum silicate to provide an insulation function, and the remainder of the bar 81 is a different material selected for mechanical durability.
The bar 81 is mounted for sliding motion within a support 83.
A spring 85 and an adjustment screw 87 provide a selectable bias force for biasing the bar 81 toward the opposed periphery of the roller 75 so that the film 19 (in the longitudinally extending strip which crosses the inlet ports 69) is pressed in rolling contact with the outer periphery roller 75 and in sliding contact with the end surface of the bar 81 as the first and second film transport stations continuously advance the web of film 19 through the sealing station 33.
An actuator 89 is included in the sealing station 33 for retracting the bar 81 against the bias of spring 85 and away from engagement with the roller 75 when the film 19 is not being advanced through the machine 11. This facilitates keeping the heating element energized at the proper heating level and out of contact with the film 19 during time intervals when the machine 11 is not being used to produce inflated pillow packaging.
Details of the structure, components and sequence of assembly of components of the heated sealing element are shown in the exploded views of FIGS. 9A-9F.
The heating element disposed at the end of the bar 81, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, comprises at least one Nichrome wire 70 which runs vertically (as viewed in FIGS. 9A-9G) along the right hand end of the bar 81.
The Nichrome wire 70 at this location has a length about the same as the throat width of an outlet port 69 in the film 19, and the Nichrome wire 70 is covered by a fabric 72 having a Teflon coating on the surface which contacts the film 19. The fabric covering 72 helps to form the wire 70 to a preferred shape for engagement with the film 19, and the Teflon coating facilitates sliding movement of the film 19 with respect to the heated sealing element.
The heated sealing element comprises at least one Nichrome wire 70, but (as illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9F) the present invention also encompasses using a plurality of parallel extending and laterally spaced apart Nichrome wires 70 for providing multiple seal lines across inlet ports 69 of the pillows 65.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, wires 91 and 93 conduct electricity to the Nichrome wire for heating the Nichrome wire.
The slitting station 35 (see FIG. 4) includes a blade 95 attached to the inflation tube 59 and positioned to slit the inflation channel 67 in the film 19 after the outlet port 69 of a pillow 65 has been sealed at the sealing station 33. This enables strips of inflated packaging to be removed from the machine 11.
It is an important feature and benefit of the present invention that the components of the mechanism 25 and the coaction between those components enable a seal to be formed complete and secure in a short path of travel of the film through the sealing station 33 and in a short period of time and without the need for additional pressing together of the web of film after the sealing station and without the need for additional cooling of the seal across the inlet port after the sealed inlet port moves out of contact with the sealing station. The sealing of the inlet port at the sealing station is performed by applying the heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with the web of film and across the inlet port while the air and the inflated pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through the mechanism 25 shown in FIG. 4.
A number of features of the present invention contribute to obtaining this efficient and beneficial sealing result.
As described above, the outermost tip of the bar 81 is a ceramic material which functions as an insulator to help confine the heat of the heating element to substantially just the linear area of contact of the fabric covered Nichrome wire with the film 19.
The roller 75 is laterally offset outwardly (as viewed in FIGS. 1-5) and is positioned with respect to the pairs of nip rollers 37-39 and 49-51 so as to cause a bump in the film 19 at the sealing station 33. This helps to create a dead zone adjacent the inlet port 69 to be sealed by causing the web of film 19 to wrap around a part of the peripheral surface of the sealing roller 75 both in a circumferential direction and also in a lateral direction.
Driving the second pair of nip rollers 49-51 at a slightly higher speed than the first pair of nip rollers 37-39 helps to insure that the film 19 is maintained flat and in substantially pressure sealing engagement with the periphery of the sealing roller 75.
As best shown in FIG. 5, the axes of rotation of at least the second set of nip rollers 49-51 are preferably canted at a slight upward (as viewed in FIG. 5) angle with respect to the axes of rotation of the main drive gear 47 and the sealing roller 75.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention the axes of rotation of the first set of nip rollers 37-39 are also canted at this same slightly upwardly inclined angle.
The inclusion and positioning of the outlet ports 71 (see FIG. 8) and the smaller size of these outlet ports contribute to allowing air to escape through the outlet ports in an amount to maintain sufficient pressure in the channel 67 without permitting over-pressurization in that channel 67 or in the pillows 65.
The present invention permits sealing the inlet port at a sealing station by applying a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with the web of film and across the inlet port while the air and the inflated pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through each of the first transport station, inflating station, sealing station, second transport station and slitting station.
In FIGS. 1, 2 and 8 of the drawings the pillows 65 are shown in a generally rectangular-shaped pattern. It should be noted, however, that the pillows 65 can be any preformed pattern configuration. As shown in FIG. 18, the patterns of the pillows 65 can, for example, include preformed seal line elements 62 within the interior of the pillows which permit the pillows to be folded along one or more of the preformed interior seal lines 62. This in turn permits one pillow to cushion an object in more than one direction when placed within a shipping container.
Score lines (not illustrated in the drawings, but similar to score lines shown in webs of plastic film described in numerous ones of the prior U.S. patents incorporated by reference in this application) permit ready detachment of single ones or groups of inflated pillows from the film 19 after the pillows are inflated and sealed.
A number of different film compositions (also as noted in U.S. patents incorporated by reference in this application) can be used as the composition material for the web of film 19.
The machines that are used to preform the patterns on the web of film 19 include conventional presses which impress multiple pillow patterns (and the related ports and inflation channel) on a strip of film 19 on each pressing operation. The pattern is formed while there is no inflation pressure anywhere in the web 19.
The preformed pattern can also be formed by a roller arrangement in which at least one roller is heated and configured to form the desired patterns.
Pattern forming machines of these kinds are also disclosed in several of the U.S. patents incorporated by reference in this application.
Such machines for forming preformed patterns in the film 19 can be associated with the machine 11 shown in FIG. 1 to replace the storage roll 17 so that the preformed patterns can be preformed continuously at the site where the machine 11 is installed. However, in most cases it is more practical to use a storage roll 17 with preformed patterns than it is to preform the patterns at the job site where the machine 11 is to be used.
A second embodiment of a machine constructed in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 10-15 of the drawings. This second embodiment is indicated by the general reference numeral 101.
The components and parts of the machine 101 which correspond to the machine 11 shown in FIGS. 1-9 are indicated by corresponding reference numerals.
The machine 101 includes a cartridge unit 103 (see FIG. 12) which is mounted on a separate sub-plate or sub-frame 105. The sub-frame 105 is mounted on the main plate or main frame 13. This cartridge unit technique permits the components of the entire cartridge unit to be quickly and easily interchanged (as a unit) with another replacement cartridge unit. Individual components of the cartridge unit do not have to be removed and replaced.
In the machine 101 shown in FIGS. 10-15, the construction and mounting of the cartridge unit 103 permits the entire cartridge unit to be pulled out of a box and plugged in as a unit at the production site. This cartridge unit permits all of the components of the cartridge unit to be replaced as a unit. It is never necessary, for example, to replace the Nichrome wires as individual elements in the field. Instead, the entire cartridge unit is just pulled out and replaced as a unit with a replacement cartridge unit.
The structure, components and mode of operation of the first film transport station 27, the second film transport station 29, the inflation station 31, and the slitting station 35 are the same as the corresponding mechanism, components and mode of operation described above with reference to the machine 11, and will not be reviewed in more specific detail at this point.
The specific structure of the sealing station 33 of the machine 101 is different from the machine 11 and will be described in more detail below. However, the method of making seals across the inlet ports 69 in the machine 101 is the same as the method of machine 11, as will be understood from the description to follow.
One difference between the sealing station structure of the machine 11 and the sealing station structure of the machine 101 is in the way that the heated sealing element and the sealing wheel are moved apart from one another during those times when the machine is stopped between production runs of inflated pillows.
In the machine 11 (and as illustrated in FIG. 7) the heated sealing element which is mounted on the end of the bar 81 is retracted away from the sealing wheel 75. In the machine 11 the shaft 75 of the heated sealing wheel 75 is held in a fixed position with respect to the frame 13 in all modes of operation of the machine 11.
In the machine 101 the heated sealing element is held in a fixed position with respect to the frame 13. The rotational shaft 77 of the sealing wheel 75 is mounted for rotation in a movable support bracket 75 so that the sealing wheel 75 is movable toward and away from the heated sealing element.
As best illustrated in FIG. 13, the support bracket 75 is mounted on a rod 82 of an actuator 84. The actuator 84 is mounted on a support plate 86, and the support plate 86 is mounted on the main plate 13 of the machine 101.
The actuator 84 extends and retracts the rod 82 to move the sealing wheel 75 between the retracted position of the rod 82 shown in FIGS. 11 and 15 and the extended position shown in FIGS. 10 and 14.
In the retracted position illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 15 the sealing wheel 75 is positioned to let the film 19 remain out of contact with the heated sealing element when the machine 101 is not operated in a production run.
In the extended position shown in FIGS. 10 and 14 the sealing wheel 75 is positioned to engage the film 19 and to press that film 19 in sliding contact with the heated sealing element as the film 19 is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through the machine during a production run of inflated pillows.
In the extended position shown in FIGS. 10 and 14 the sealing wheel 75 is positioned to engage the film 19 and to press that film 19 in sliding contact with the heated sealing element as the film 19 is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through the machine during a production run of inflated pillows.
The force with which the film 19 is engaged in sliding contact with the heated sealing element is determined by selecting the pressure level within the actuator 84.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 12, 10, and 14, the cartridge unit 103 comprises a guide block 107 mounted in a fixed position on the sub-plate 105, two reels 109 and 111, each mounted for rotation on the sub-plate 105, and a guide post 113 mounted on the sub-plate 105.
The reels 109 and 111 are storage and take-up reels for a strip of covering fabric 72. The fabric 72 has a Teflon coating on the side engaged in sliding contact with the film 19.
The strip of covering fabric 72 is trained around a guide post 113 and into the guide slots 115 and 117 which are recessed within the outer and forward surfaces of the flanges 119 and 121 of the guide block 107.
The way that the strip of covering fabric 72 is conveyed from the storage roller 109, around the guide post 113, through the guide slot 115, over the Nichrome wires 70, through the guide slot 117 and onto the reel 111 is best illustrated in FIGS. 10, 11, 14 and 15.
In a specific embodiment of the machine 101 the lower reel 111 is driven, through reduction gearing, and by an electric motor (not shown), to pull the strip of covering fabric 72 across the Nichrome wires 70 at a relatively slow speed (a speed considerably slower than a speed at which the web of film 19 is transported through the machine 101 during a production run), but at a speed fast enough to insure that no part of the covering fabric 72 is ever in contact with the Nichrome wires 70 long enough to permit any burn through of the fabric by the Nichrome wires 70. The reel storage of the covering fabric 72 and the slow movement of the fabric with respect to the Nichrome wires 70 during operation of the machine 101 thus insure that the area of the fabric engageable with the Nichrome wires is, in effect, renewed soon enough to prevent any burn through.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 15, the outer tips of the flanges 119 and 120 extend slightly beyond the outer surfaces of the Nichrome wires 70. This insures that the covering fabric 72 is engaged with the Nichrome wires 70 only when the sealing wheel 75 is moved to the position shown in FIGS. 10 and 14 during a production run of the machine 101.
The strip of covering fabric 72 is held out of contact with the Nichrome wires 70 when the machine 101 is not being operated in a production run of packaging.
While not illustrated in FIGS. 10-15, the Nichrome wires 70 are energized by detachable leads 91 and 93 (as illustrated for the machine 11 in FIGS. 9A-9G).
The sealing roller 75 of the machine 101 is laterally offset outwardly in the same way as the sealing roller 75 of the machine 11 so as to cause a bump in the film 19 at the sealing station 33. This helps to create a dead zone adjacent the inlet port 69 to be sealed by causing the web of film 19 to wrap around a part of the peripheral surface of the sealing roller 75 both in circumferential direction and also in a lateral direction (as described above with reference to the machine 11).
The machine 101 permits sealing the inlet port at a sealing station by applying a heated sealing element directly to and in sliding contact with the web of film and across the inlet port while the air in an inflated pillow is under pressure and as the web of film is continuously and uninterruptedly advanced through each of the first transport station, inflating station, sealing station, second transport station and slitting station.
FIG. 16 illustrates a machine 240 for manufacturing a continuous production of pneumatically filled packaging pillows in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The strip of flattened preformed film material 210 having continuous heat seals 214 defining pillow chambers 216 is compactly wound onto roll 220 and placed at one end of the machine 240. The preformed film material 210 is advanced along a path through the machine 240 and is first fed between a set of tightly spaced nip rollers 242. The opening to the common inflation channel 218 of the preformed sheet of material 210 is guided onto inflation tube 244 at a first station and is pulled further into the machine 240 by a first set of drive rollers 246. The drive rollers 246, in combination with the closely spaced pair of free spinning idler wheels or rollers 248, provide a direct drive means for advancing the preformed sheet material 210 along the inflation tube 244 in the direction of travel indicated by arrow B and at a rate substantially equal to the rotational speed of the drive rollers 246.
A seal forming apparatus, generally indicated by reference arrow 252 in FIG. 16, is located downstream of the first set of drive rollers 246 and defines a second station of the machine 240. The seal forming apparatus 252, through a combination of light pressure and heat, is effective to form a pair of spaced apart and continuous seals, each seal being formed along opposite sides of the inflation channel 218. The continuous seals formed by the seal forming apparatus are effective to seal off the entrance ports 220 and thereby trap a quantity of pressurized air within each pillow chamber 216.
Located downstream of the seal forming apparatus 252 is what is referred to as the take up section 253. In the embodiment of FIG. 16, take up section 253 comprises the combination of a second set of drive rollers 254 and a belt drive assembly 256. The take up section 253 is effective to (1) take up the slack in the preformed film material 210 by keeping the film material 210 taut in the lengthwise or longitudinal direction and (2) pull the film material 210 through the seal forming apparatus 252. The belt drive assembly 256 includes an elastomeric belt 258, preferably of silicone rubber, which loops around forward wheel 260 and rearward wheel 262. In the embodiment described herein, only the rearward wheel 262 is driven, the forward wheel being free spinning. The second set of drive rollers 254 are driven at a higher rate of speed than the first set of drive rollers 246. The rearward wheel 262 of the belt drive assembly is preferably driven at an even higher rate of speed than the second set of drive rollers 254. The contact pressure between the film material 210 and the combination of second set of drive rollers 254 and belt drive assembly is light, however, such that there is sufficient drag force on the film material 210 to continue advancing it through the machine 240 but not so great a drag force that would otherwise cause the film material 210 to separate along the perforations or score lines 221. The combination of drive rollers 254 and belt drive assembly 256 effectively form a clutch with both the drive rollers 254 and belt 258 slipping against the film material 210, but at different speeds.
The inflation tube 244 is further provided with a blade 278 at a third station downstream of the seal forming apparatus 252. The blade 278 is generally angled and is operative to cut either one of the upper, lower or both layers of the preformed film material 210 in the region of the common inflation channel 218, thus allowing the common inflation channel 218 to separate from the tube 244 so that the strip of adjacent and connected (and now) inflated pillow sections are able to continue to progress forward through the machine 240. The blade 278 is positioned upstream of the contact point between the second set of drive rollers 254 and belt 258 such that any friction imparted by the blade onto the film material 210 is compensated for by the drag force imparted on the preformed film material 210 by the drive rollers 254 and belt 258.
As an option, the machine 240 may further include another take up roller 264 positioned downstream of the belt drive assembly 256 (see FIG. 16). The take up roller 264 is driven at a high rate of speed in order to take up the slack in the film material 210 after passing through the second set of drive rollers 254 and belt drive assembly 256. Upon exiting the second set of drive rollers 254 and belt drive assembly 256, the now air-filled and sealed pillow sections can then be separated from each other along the perforations 221 using a cutter 266 as shown to produce individual air-filled pillows or cushions. Alternatively, the air-filled pillow sections can be kept together as a continuous sheet which can be broken apart into pillows as desired by the end user.
FIG. 17 illustrates a machine 440 for producing air-filled packaging pillows in a continuous manner from a roll 228 of preformed film material in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention. The machine 440 of FIG. 17 is substantially identical to the machine 240 of FIG. 16 with the exception of the take up section. In all other respects, structural elements of the machine 440 of FIG. 17 common to machine 240 of FIG. 16 are indicated by identical reference numerals. In machine 440, take up section 453 includes a pair of opposing rollers or wheels 454 and 456. Rollers 454 are free spinning and are used to heat seal the film material at the port openings of each pillow chamber. The rollers 454 are made of a heat conducting material, preferably aluminum, and are heated to a constant temperature or optionally fitted with electrically regulated nichrome heating elements. The rollers 456 are driven and are positioned in light contact with rollers 454 in order to both advance the film material 10 through the machine 440 and drive the free spinning rollers 454.
While we have illustrated and described the preferred embodiments of our invention, it is to be understood that these are capable of variation and modification, and we therefore do not wish to be limited to the precise details set forth, but desire to avail ourselves of such changes and alterations as fall within the purview of the following claims.

## Claims

1. A preconfigured plastic film for use in air-filled packing cushions, the film comprising a web of material having a leading end and a trailing end, wherein the web of material is adapted for continuous inflation of a series of inflatable chambers positioned along the length of the web as the web is advanced through an inflation machine, the web of material comprising:
a longitudinal channel extending near an edge of the material and extending the entire length of the material without interruption, wherein the channel is open at the leading end of the material;
a plurality of generally rectangular inflatable chambers each having three sides closed and a fourth side with an unsealed opening into the longitudinally extending channel, and preformed seal line elements within the interior of the chambers to permit the chambers to be folded along a line extending through the seal line elements; and
a plurality of laterally extending perforations separating each chamber or a plurality of chambers, wherein the laterally extending perforations extend at least partway across the width of the material.

2. The preconfigured film of claim 1 wherein the laterally extending perforations extend the entire width of the material.

3. The preconfigured film of claim 1 wherein the web of material is formed from a flattened tube which provides a closed longitudinal edge.

4. The preconfigured film of claim 1 wherein a longitudinal edge of the material is closed by a heat seal.

5. The preconfigured film of claim 1 wherein the longitudinal channel is open at the trailing end of the material.

6. A supply of preconfigured plastic film for use in air-filled packing cushions, the film comprising an indeterminate length of material having a repeating pattern in a longitudinal direction thereof, wherein the repeating pattern has a leading end and a trailing end and comprises:
a longitudinal channel extending near an edge of the film and extending the entire length of the repeating pattern without interruption, wherein the channel is open at the leading end of the repeating pattern and open the trailing end of the repeating pattern;
at least two generally rectangular inflatable chambers each having three sides closed and a fourth side with an unsealed opening into the longitudinally extending channel, and preformed seal line elements within the interior of the chambers to permit the chambers to be folded along a line extending through the seal line elements; and
at least one laterally extending perforation for separating adjacent chambers or a plurality of chambers, wherein the at least one laterally extending perforation extends at least partway across the width of the film.

7. The supply of preconfigured film of claim 6 wherein the laterally extending perforation extends the entire width of the film.

8. The supply of preconfigured film of claim 6 wherein the film is formed from a flattened tube which provides a closed longitudinal edge.

9. The supply of preconfigured film of claim 6 wherein a longitudinal edge of the film is closed by a heat seal.