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Title:   Author  item
                                            AHMED, NAZIR - Consultantitem
                                            Spackman, Ericaitem
                                            Kapczynski, Darrell
  Submitted to: International Symposium on Avian Influenza
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/12/2015
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Inactivated vaccines comprise 95% of all vaccine used for avian influenza virus (AIV) by dose.  Optimizing the adjuvant is one way to improve vaccine efficacy.  Inactivated vaccines were produced with beta-propiolactone inactivated A/chicken/BC/314514-1/2004 H7N3 low pathogenicity AIV and standardized to 384 hemagglutinating units per dose.  Ten commercial and experimental adjuvants were evaluated for antibody levels induced by 3 weeks post vaccination of specific pathogen free chickens.  The adjuvants were also characterized for protection against morbidity and mortality, and reduction of oral virus shed after homologous challenge with a highly pathogenic (HP) AIV.  The highest antibody titers were induced by the 3 mineral oil based adjuvants and a synthetic polymer based product.  All of which resulted in 100% seroconversion. Incomplete Freunds’ adjuvant, Chitosan, and a synthetic ester based polymer commercial product induced lower levels of antibody and 40-70% of the chickens had detectable antibody.  Calcium phosphate, seaweed derived algenate and un-adjuvanted virus injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously produced no detectable antibody.  One of 10 birds inoculated intravenously with un-adjuvanted virus did seroconvert to a low titer.  Mortality was reduced to 10% or less by all adjuvanted groups except calcium phosphate (20% morality).  Mortality in non-vaccinated and the groups which received un-adjuvanted virus was 60-100%.  Virus shed was substantially reduced in all groups compared to non-vaccinated controls except those vaccinated with calcium phosphate, seaweed derived algenate and un-adjuvanted virus.


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