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Title:   Author  item
                                            Harvey, Roger
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/10/2014
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that can be toxic to plants, animals, humans, aquatic life, and bacteria.  Deoxynivalenol, also known as DON or vomitoxin, belongs to the tricothecene class of mycotoxins and is produced primarily by Fusarium graminearum fungi and is usually associated with fusarium head blight in wheat and fusarium ear rot (Gibberella or pink ear rot) in corn.  Ear rot is associated with high moisture levels during silking and high rainfall and moderate temperatures during maturation.  Globally, most DON is produced in temperate zones (as opposed to warm-weather zones).  The optimum temperature for fungal growth is 25o C (77o F).  DON has been reported from virtually every country in the world and has been isolated from small grains and maize.  Some studies report that 57% of corn is contaminated and 50% of beer has DON present.  Susceptibility to DON toxicity is variable, with pigs being the most sensitive, then dogs and cats, humans, poultry, and ruminants.  Very little of DON is transmitted to meat, eggs, or milk.  The main clinical signs of DON toxicity are vomiting (hence the name vomitoxin), reduced feed consumption, reduced weight gain, decreased immune function, and possibly esophageal cancer in humans.  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has established a level of 1.0 ppm (part per million) for human foods, 5.0 ppm for dog and cat food, 10.0 ppm for poultry and ruminating cattle feeds, and 2.0 ppm for dairy cattle feed.  The biggest economic impact of DON comes from reduced animal productivity and decreased grain prices associated with contamination.


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