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Title:   Author  item
                                            Bickhart, Derekitem
                                            XU, LINGYANG - University Of Marylanditem
                                            Hutchison, Janaitem
                                            Liu, Ge

                                                         - *George*item
                                            LEWIN, HARRIS - University Of California
  Submitted to: Journal of Dairy Science
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/17/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 7/12/2015
                                    Citation: Bickhart, D.M., Xu, L., Hutchison, J.L., Liu, G., Lewin, H.A. 2015. Identification of copy number variable gene families in Holstein and Jersey cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 98(Suppl. 2)/Journal of Animal Science 93(Suppl. 3):648(abstr. W84).Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Copy number variants (CNV) represent a large proportion of genetic variation within the cattle genome that has yet to be accurately characterized by SNP genotyping arrays. While significant progress has been made in the identification of CNVs within individual animals using next generation sequence data, CNV frequencies within larger populations have not yet been estimated in cattle. In this study, we sequenced 28 individual bulls from two dairy breeds of cattle (22 Holstein bulls; 6 Jersey bulls) in order to identify dairy breed-specific copy number variation. Using a read depth method of CNV detection, we identified 1359 non-redundant CNV regions within all 28 animals. The number of variable bases contained within these CNV regions accounts for ~2% of the cattle genome, and the average CNV region frequency was 37.67%. This high average frequency suggests that a large proportion of CNVs were present in the ancestral population of both breeds of cattle rather than as a result of a large number of de novo events arising in subsequent generations after breed formation. We also assigned copy number values to each gene within each individual sequenced using the normalized sequencing read depth of non-overlapping genomic windows. Using a Vst approach on these gene copy number values, we identified 27 gene families with breed specific copy number expansions/contractions. We identified a Jersey-exclusive expansion of the CLEC5A gene, which is a regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, we identified a Holstein-exclusive duplication of the ASAP1 gene, which may be involved in cell membrane trafficking and the differentiation of fibroblasts into adipocytes. CNVs identified by this survey intersected gene families that may play a role in productive traits in dairy cattle and are therefore good candidates for novel genetic marker design.


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