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Title:   Author  item
                                            Scully, Erinitem
                                            DONZE-REINER, TERESA - West Chester State Universityitem
                                            WANG, HAICHUAN - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            EICKHOFF, THOMAS - Monsanto Corporationitem
                                            BAXENDALE, FREDERICK - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            TWIGG, PAUL - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            KOVACS, FRANK - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            HANG-MOSS, TIFFANY - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            Sattler, Scottitem
                                            Sarath, Gautam
  Submitted to: Functional Plant Biology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/29/2016
                                    Publication  Date: 8/26/2016
                                    Publication URL: https://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/5491304Citation: Scully, E.D., Donze-Reiner, T., Wang, H., Eickhoff, T., Baxendale, F., Twigg, P., Kovacs, F., Hang-Moss, T., Sattler, S.E., Sarath, G. 2016. Identification of an orthologous clade of peroxidases that respond to feeding by greenbugs (Schizaphis graminum) in c4 grasses. Functional Plant Biology. 43(12):1134-1148. doi:10.1071/FP16104.Interpretive Summary: INTERPRETIVE SUMMARY

Cereal aphids such as the greenbug can cause significant economic damage to a number of cultivated grasses. Mitigating these losses through identification of resistant plant germplasm has been a focus of study for several breeding programs.  Peroxidases are a class of enzymes that are frequently enhanced in plants undergoing aphid infestation, and have been used as reliable markers to assess plant responses to aphid herbivory.  However few studies have linked specific peroxidases to a resistance response. In this work, a peroxidase enzyme was identified that was specifically enhanced in a sorghum line resistant to greenbugs. This enzyme was named SbPx-1. The gene coding for SbPx-1 was identified on the sorghum genome, and found to occur alongside several other peroxidase-coding genes.  The genomes of switchgrass and foxtail millet were next scanned with the SbPx-1 DNA sequence to discover if similar peroxidases occurred in these two other grasses.  A cluster of similar peroxidase genes existed within all three grasses. When infested with greenbugs several of these peroxidase genes were specifically upregulated in all three grasses suggesting that common modes of regulation and response to insect herbivory might exist in these grasses. It is now possible to determine whether some of these specific peroxidases can act as markers for insect resistance across a number of related grasses.
                                Technical Abstract: Knowledge of specific peroxidases that respond to aphid herbivory is limited in C4 grasses, but could provide targets for improving defence against these pests. A sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) peroxidase (SbPrx-1; Sobic.002G416700) has been previously linked to biotic stress responses, and was the starting point for this study. Genomic analyses indicated that SbPrx-1 was part of a clade of five closely related peroxidase genes occurring within a ~30 kb region on chromosome 2 of the sorghum genome. Comparison of this ~30-kb region to syntenic regions in switchgrass (Panicum
virgatum L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) identified similar related clusters of peroxidases. Infestation of a
susceptible sorghum cultivar with greenbugs (Shizaphis graminum Rondani) induced three of the five peroxidases. Greenbug infestation of switchgrass and foxtail millet plants showed similar inductions of peroxidases. SbPrx-1 was also induced in response to aphid herbivory in a greenbug-resistant sorghum line, Cargill 607E. These data indicate that this genomic region of C4 grasses could be valuable as a marker to assess potential insect resistance in C4 grasses.


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