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Title:   Author  item
                                            Straus, David

                                                         - *Dave*item
                                            Beck, Benjaminitem
                                            Farmer, Bradleyitem
                                            Ledbetter, Cynthia

                                                         - *Cindy*item
                                            WILLIAMS, RICK - Keo Fish Farmitem
                                            CLARK, MIKE - Central Arkansas Fisheriesitem
                                            FREEZE, MIKE - Keo Fish Farm
  Submitted to: University of Arkansas-Pine Bluff Aquaculture Field Day
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/15/2014
                                    Publication  Date: 10/2/2014
                                    Citation: Straus, D.L., Beck, B.H., Farmer, B.D., Ledbetter, C.K., Williams, R.S., Clark, M.L., Freeze, M.T. 2014. Using copper sulfate on hybrid striped bass eggs to control fungus and increase survival. University of Arkansas-Pine Bluff Aquaculture Field Day. p. 29.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: A major obstacle in fish hatcheries is reduced hatch rates due to fungal growth on eggs.  Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is commonly used for fungus control in catfish hatcheries that use troughs, but effectiveness on other species of fish eggs in different hatching systems has only recently been investigated.  

Fish were spawned at Keo Fish Farm and hybrid striped bass eggs were transferred to 1 1/2 gallon McDonald jars for processing with tannic acid (removes stickiness) and iodine (disinfectant).  Our experimental egg hatching jars were 1/3 this size, so egg density was adjusted accordingly.  Because eggs start hatching after 2 days, CuSO4 treatment began the afternoon of spawning with a 10 minute aerated, static bath and was repeated the morning and afternoon of Day 2.  There were three CuSO4 concentrations tested (10, 20, and 40 ppm) and a control with untreated eggs.  

Hatched larvae were counted with an XperCountTM bucket which measures biomass.  Fungus was severe in the controls (28% survival).  Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 10 ppm CuSO4 (32% survival) or higher.  The best survival was at 40 ppm CuSO4 (50% survival); however, the 20 ppm CuSO4 treatment (46% survival) gave similar results and allows for a greater margin of safety.  During this study we noticed that the eggs stayed blue after being exposed to CuSO4 which indicates that it gives a lasting effect.  The hybrid striped bass industry is currently using this treatment.


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