COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Frank, Clements and Se nior Judge Willis Argued at Alexandria, Virginia

LUIS A. CAMPOS, S/K/A LUIS ANTONIO CAMPOS MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY JUDGE ROBERT P. FRANK v. Record No. 1462-03-4 OCTOBER 5, 2004
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT C OURT OF PAGE COUNTY John J. McGrath, Jr., Judge S. Jane Chittom, Appellate Defe nder (Public Defe nder Commission, on briefs), for appellant. Deana A. Malek, Assistant Atto rney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Luis A. Campos, appellant, was convicted in a bench trial of attempted grand larceny of a vehicle in violation of Code §§ 18.2-95 and 18.2-26, and grand larceny of the contents of the vehicle in violation of Code § 18 .2-95. On appeal, appellant does not contest the sufficiency of the evidence, nor that he was the perpetrator. He cont ends the trial court erred in finding hi m guilty of both charges in violation of the “single larceny do ctrine.” Finding this issue was not preserved below, we affirm th e two convictions.
ANALYSIS The facts are not controverted. Appellant was seen standing next to a Toyota Celica beating on a window with a rock. Appe llant’s companion broke the passe nger’s window and leaned into the Toyota. The companion was later seen taking a box of ite ms from the To yota to a green

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opin ion is not designated for publication.- 2 - Chevrolet truck parked in front of the Toyota. Later, state police found ite ms stolen from the Toyota in appellant’s Chevrolet truck. A state trooper inspected the Toyota and discovered the driv er’s window had been battered but not broken. The passenger win dow was shattered. Th e “face” of the radio an d the “basic parts” of the radio had been removed. A number of other items had been stolen from the Toyota. The same trooper also discover ed a motorcycle key had been pl aced in the ignition. It was not the key to the Toyota and w ould not start the car. The Toyo ta’s owner observed the key had been “jammed” into the ignition. At the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s case , appellant moved to st rike the evidence as follows: I would suppose the Commonwealth was relying on the evidence about the key being in the igniti on, to prove that there was an attempt to steal the vehicle. It so rt of would make sense that they would have stopped . . . the in dividuals would have stopped breaking into the vehicle, used th e key, and just driven away the vehicle, with everything else in it. And I think it is a violation of due process of law to prosecute Mr. Campos for having stolen some of the items, but one of the items, the vehicle itself, was not actually taken, and he is charged w ith attempted theft of that. I think, as I say it, it would be a vi olation of due process of law, to convict him on both of those. Obviously, someone stole items worth more than two hundred dollars, from the vehicle. But then to try to charge him with an additional count, or additional viol ation of law, attempt of grand larceny, I think that is a violation of his rights.
* * * * * * * That would be my argument. I think he should be acquitted on Count One [unlawfully climb in the vehicle of another person with the intent to commit larceny th erein], and either Count Three [unlawfully and feloniously stea l personal property belonging to another person which had a value of more than $200] or Count Four [unlawfully and feloniously attempt to steal a motor vehicle belonging to another person which had a value of more than $200]. I don’t think it would be fair to convict him of both Count Three and Count Four. Thank you.- 3 - The Commonwealth argued, in part, as follows: But also the fact that they climb in the vehicle to steal a stereo system and stereo CDs well wort h over two hundred dollars, which they weren’t successful with, either one of those two intents would suffice. And I think it is not mu ltiplicious to charge him with attempted grand theft auto, which wa sn’t successful, and then turn around and allege and prove that th ey are guilty of the larceny, the actual consummated larceny of the stereo system and other items. On appeal, appellant contends that since he acted on a “single impulse” he should have been convicted of only one count of la rceny under the “singl e larceny doctrine.” The Commonwealth contends this argument is procedurally defaulted under Rule 5A:18 since appellant argued the two convictions violat ed his due process right s. Appellant counters that even if his due process argument does not preserve the issue, the Commonwealth preserved the issue when it argued to the trial court that it was not “multiplicious” to charge appellant with the attempted larceny of the vehicl e and grand larceny of the conten ts of the vehicle. Appellant concludes the Commonwealth’s use of the term “m ultiplicious” put the trial court on notice that he was arguing the “single larce ny doctrine.” We disagree. Rule 5A:18 promotes the correction of error at the trial level. Lee v. Lee , 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d 736, 737 (1991). By its own terms, the rule mandates that objections must be “stated together with the grounds therefor.” Rule 5A:18. Rule 5A:18 requires a certain degree of specificity. See , e.g ., Copeland v. Commonwealth , 42 Va. App. 424, 441, 592 S.E.2d 391, 399 (2004) (holding that appellant could not argue on appeal that he did not intend to distribute coca ine on school property where he argued before the trial court only that no evidence established he was within 1,000 feet of school property). An objection made at trial on one gr ound does not preserve for appeal a contention on a different ground. Clark v. Commonwealth , 30 Va. App. 406, 411, 517 S.E.2d 260, 262 (1999).- 4 - The purpose underlying this rule is to afford the trial court an opportunity to rule intelligently on the arguments presented and to ta ke corrective action if necessary. Martin v. Commonwealth , 13 Va. App. 524, 530, 414 S.E.2d 401, 404 (1992); Lee , 12 Va. App. at 514, 404 S.E.2d at 737. The purpose and terms of the rule, therefore, are met if the appellant sufficiently apprises the trial court of the basis of his objection. See Chaine v. Commonwealth , 17 Va. App. 179, 183, 436 S.E.2d 187, 189 (1993), aff’d on reh’g en banc , 18 Va. App. 301, 443 S.E.2d 924 (1994)

. The prosecutor’s use of the term “multiplicious” did not preserve appellant’s issue for review. 1 “‘Multiplicity . . . is the ch arging of a single offense in several counts.’” United States
v. Stewart , 256 F.3d 231, 247 (4th Cir. 2001) (q uoting United States v. Burns , 990 F.2d 1426, 1438 (4th Cir. 1993)). The danger is that a defe ndant may be given multiple sentences for the same offense. Burns , 990 F.2d at 1438. Black’s Law Dictionary defines “multiplicity” as the “improper charging of the same offense in severa l counts of the indictment or information.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1041(8th ed. 2004). Multiplicity can also raise double jeopardy issues which require a Blockburger analysis. See , e.g ., United States v. Bailey , 112 F.3d 758, 767 (4th Cir. 1997) (Two statutes, although punishing the same transaction, are not multiplicitous where each requires proof of an additiona l fact which the other does not.). While multiplicity is broad enough to include an argument that appellant should only have been convicted of one of the two larce ny counts, it is also broad enough to include appellant’s due process argument or a Blockburger argument. Thus, the argument in the trial court did not raise the particular points now bein g raised on appeal. The court was never asked to evaluate the fundamental issues essential to a single larceny analysis: loca tion of stolen items,

1 We equate the prosecutor’s use of the term “multiplicious” with the more common “multiplicitous.”- 5 - lapse of time between their taking, general and specific intent of th e thief, number of owners, and whether intervening acts occu rred between the taking. See Richardson v. Commonwealth , 25 Va. App. 491, 497, 489 S.E.2d 697, 700 (1997). Further, the record contains no mention of a “single impulse,” “general fraudulent scheme,” nor any of the other considerations of the single larceny doctrine set out by this Court in Richardson . Id. at 496, 489 S.E.2d at 700. In the context of appellant’s argument below, the “multiplicious” language advanced by the Commonwealth would not alert the tr ial court of appellan t’s position. It is not specific enough to put the trial court on notice of appellant’s “single larceny doc trine” argument he now makes on appeal. We conclude that neit her appellant’s “due process” an d “fairness” argument below, nor the Commonwealth’s comments on “multiplicious,” we re sufficient to alert the trial court to a “single larceny doctrine” argument. Accordingly, we affirm. Affirmed.