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Title:   Author  item
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            Byrd Ii, James

                                                         - *Allen*
  Submitted to: Book Chapter
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/16/2016
                                    Publication  Date: 9/27/2016
                                    Citation: Kogut, M.H., Byrd, J.A. 2016. The relationship between the immune response and susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in the laying hen. In: Ricke, S.C., Gast, R.K., editors. Producing Safe Eggs. London, UK: Elsevier Inc. p. 209-234.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Chicken eggs are one of the main sources of human salmonellosis, with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis the most frequent cause of human non-typhoid salmonellosis.  Laying hens colonized with S. Enteritidis generally do not show clinical signs.  The bacteria colonize and invade the intestinal tract and disseminate to specific intracellular niches in various internal organs, especially the hen reproductive tract and become so-called carrier birds.  S. Enteritidis infects the oviduct and ovary of the chicken, leading to transovarian vertical transmission to developing eggs and chicks.
To successfully colonize the reproductive tract of laying hens, S. Enteritidis must evade and/or subvert components of both the innate and acquired immune systems.  To do so, the bacteria encounters and uses intestinal macrophages as a host cell locally, a transport cell to the internal organs, and again as a protective host cell in the internal organs including the reproductive tract.  By surviving in the macrophage, Salmonella is able to survive and evade host defenses and persist in the chicken.  A series of bacterial and host factors are involved in the asymptomatic persistent infection of the reproductive tract.  This chapter will review the activities occurring at the host-pathogen interface in the reproductive tract of the laying hen.


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