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Title:   Author  item
                                            Zeller, Wayneitem
                                            MUELLER-HARVEY, IRENE - University Of Readingitem
                                            Grabber, John
  Submitted to: American Society of Agronomy Meetings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/10/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 11/17/2015
                                    Citation: Zeller, W.E., Mueller-Harvey, I., Grabber, J.H. 2015. Activity, purification, and analysis of condensed tannins [abstract]. American Society of Agronomy. Paper No. 259-2.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: As a class of plant polyphenolic compounds contained in some forages (i.e., sanfoin, big trefoil, birdfoot trefoil), condensed tannins (CTs), also referred to as proanthocyanidins (PAs), exhibit a variety of biological effects on ruminants and on the dairy farm nitrogen cycle. Interest in CTs stems from the potential positive impact they could bring to the agricultural industry due to their ability to modulate proteolysis during forage conservation and ruminal digestion, in the prevention of bloat, to reduce intestinal parasite burdens, to abate methane and ammonia emissions from ruminants, and to inhibit the activity of soil-nitrifying bacteria. The current theory on how CTs exert these effects on ruminants focuses on the interaction of CTs with proteins. The structure-activity relationship in CT/protein interaction is not well understood. Examination of CT-protein interactions in in vitro experiments has the ability to shed light on how CT structure affects function in each of these biological activities. However, performance of these studies requires obtaining sufficient quantities of well-characterized CTs of high purity from the plant source under investigation. Purification of CTs from a variety of plant materials was conducted through the use of Sephadex LH-20 resin. The structure and purity of these samples were confirmed through two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR) and thiolysis. Analysis of some structural features of CTs by 2D-NMR techniques is straightforward, whereas other intricacies of CT structures remain elusive. Alternative methods for CT structural analysis and content will also be summarized. The presentation will conclude with a listing of the questions yet to be answered and obstacles present in the path forward, relating in vitro observations to results from in vivo studies.


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