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Title:   Author  item
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            LONERAGAN, GUY - Texas Tech Universityitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            HANSON, DEVIN - Texas Tech Universityitem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Journal of Food Protection
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/5/2016
                                    Publication  Date: 6/1/2016
                                    Publication URL: https://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/62735Citation: Edrington, T.S., Loneragan, G.H., Genovese, K.J., Hanson, D.L., Nisbet, D.J. 2016. Salmonella persistence within the peripheral lymph nodes of cattle following experimental inoculation. Journal of Food Protection. 79(6):1032-1035.Interpretive Summary: Cattle may contain the bacteria Salmonella, which can make people sick.  Peripheral lymph nodes in these cattle may contain Salmonella that protects it from interventions in the slaughter plant.  Currently, we do not know how long Salmonella stays within these lymph nodes following uptake.  Results of this research demonstrated that Salmonella resides in the lymph nodes approximately 28 days following a single experimental inoculation.  Increasing the number of times an animal is infected with Salmonella will increase the duration of infection proportionately.  This knowledge should aid in the development of pre-harvest intervention strategies to eliminate Salmonella from these lymph nodes.
                                Technical Abstract: Utilizing a transdermal method of inoculation developed in our laboratory, the duration of infection of Salmonella in the peripheral lymph nodes of steers was examined.  Thirty-six Holstein steers (mean body weight of 137 kg) were inoculated with Salmonella Montevideo (day 0) on each lower leg and both sides of the back and abdomen. Calves were euthanized beginning at 6 h and subsequently on each of days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 21 postinoculation (four animals each time).  The subiliac, popliteal, and superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph nodes were collected and cultured (quantitatively and qualitatively) for the challenge strain of Salmonella.  The challenge strain was detected via direct culture within the lymph nodes at 6 h postinoculation and on each subsequent necropsy date. Salmonella levels in lymph node were 0.8 to 1.8 log CFU/g.  Lymph nodes were generally positive after enrichment culture throughout the experiment. Salmonella elimination appeared to begin approximately 14 days postinoculation.  However, elimination was not completed by day 21; therefore, a second experiment was conducted identical to the first except that the time from inoculation to necropsy was extended. Salmonella was recovered via direct culture on each of the necropsy days, and results in general were similar to those of experiment I, except that on days 20, 24, and 28 isolates from serogroups C2 and E1 were identified in addition to the inoculation strain C1 in multiple animals.  The data from both experiments indicate that after a single inoculation event, Salmonella would be completely cleared by approximately 28 days.  Further research with expanded times between inoculation and necropsy is required for verification.


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