U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Application Technology Research: Wooster, OH
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                                    Software
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    Departments
                        Agricultural Engineering
                                    Entomology
                                    Horticulture
                                    Plant Pathology
                                    IR-4 programSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Wooster, Ohio Application Technology Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Derksen, Richarditem
                                            OZKAN, H - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            PAUL, PIERCE - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Zhu, Heping
  Submitted to: Aspects of Applied Biology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/24/2013
                                    Publication  Date: 1/8/2014
                                    Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/60586Citation: Derksen, R.C., Ozkan, H.E., Paul, P., Zhu, H. 2014. Plant canopy characteristics effect on spray deposition. Aspects of Applied Biology. 122:227-235.Interpretive Summary: Effective application of fungicides requires precision placement of crop protection material in the area of plants most susceptible to infection.  Few, if any, research based guidelines are available to provide recommendations on how to treat very different canopy types and target orientations. Label recommendations generally do not provide equipment recommendations for specific targets in the treatment area.  The overall goal of this project was to evaluate the effect different spray parameters had on spray deposition in different parts of model, row-crop canopies.  Trials over three years included as model targets, mature wheat canopies and mature, narrow-row soybean canopies.  Application parameters evaluated in these studies included spray quality, spray discharge angle, air-assisted delivery, and spray volume.  Spray deposition and coverage were used as measures of performance to compare treatments.  Air-assisted delivery was more critical for deposition into a mature soybean canopy than the wheat canopy.  Spray discharge angle significantly affected spray deposition, depending on location of the target.  The 60 Degree spray discharge angle and Single-fan, Medium Quality nozzle was most effective for treating and protecting Wheat Heads against infection such as Head Scab but would not be effective for protecting lower areas of a mature soybean canopy against Asian Soybean Rust.  A vertical spray discharge angle produced the highest deposition deep in a mature soybean canopy when making a non-air-assisted application.  The Fine spray quality nozzle provides significantly better coverage throughout the Wheat canopy than Medium or Coarse quality nozzles.  Coarse spray quality nozzles provided good spray deposition lower in the Wheat and Soybean canopies.  Dual-fan nozzles were better at protecting wheat heads than single-fan nozzles with a vertical orientation.  Results dual-fan nozzles varied in the more dense soybean canopy depending on the spray quality.  These spray deposition and coverage results demonstrate to producers that different equipment settings could be used to improve crop protection on surfaces with different orientation and depth in the canopy.
                                Technical Abstract: While it is common for applicators to standardize their application parameters to minimize changes in settings during a season, this practice does not necessarily provide the best delivery when targeting different types of plant canopies and different zones within the canopy. The objective of this work was to identify application parameters for maximizing spray deposition and coverage on plant parts with vertical and horizontal orientations.  Wheat field trials, conducted over three years, were designed to follow-up on previous soybean trials to evaluate the effect of spray quality, spray volume, and air assistance on the fate of sprays on vertical and horizontal portions of wheat plants. Over the range of application parameters evaluated, increasing the angle of the spray relative to vertical helped produce higher deposits on vertical plant sections in a wheat canopy. Vertical spray delivery was better at treating horizontal targets through a denser and deeper soybean canopy.  Large droplet applications were more effective at getting spray material near the bottom of a narrow-row soybean canopy than onto the vertical heads or stems of wheat plants.  Smaller droplet sizes were difficult to deliver down through a mature soybean canopy than medium or coarse spray quality sprays. These findings demonstrate that spray parameters should not be expected to perform similar in all canopy types and should be modified to the most effective delivery of the spray to the targeted treatment zones.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov