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Title:   Author  item
                                            LATORRE, JUAN - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            HERNANDEZ, XOCHITL - Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexicoitem
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            VICENTE, JOSE - Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexicoitem
                                            WOLFENDEN, ROSS - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            WOLFENDEN, AMANDA - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            HARGIS, BILLY - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            KUTTAPPAN, VIVEK - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            TELLEZ, GUILLERMO - University Of Arkansas
  Submitted to: Frontiers in Veterinary Infectious Diseases
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/30/2014
                                    Publication  Date: 12/16/2014
                                    Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/61140Citation: Latorre, J.D., Hernandez, X., Kogut, M.H., Vicente, J., Wolfenden, R., Wolfenden, A., Hargis, B., Kuttappan, V., Tellez, G. 2014. Role of Bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, and bone mineralization in turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet. Frontiers in Veterinary Infectious Diseases. 1:Article 26.Interpretive Summary: Corn is the main grain that provides energy to a baby turkey poult’s diet so that it can grow.  However, at the present time corn is very expensive to use in animal diets.  Therefore, alternative grain products are being investigated for their ability to provide energy to a growing poults diet.  Rye is one such grain to be considered as a feed energy source for a baby poult’s diet.  These experiments show that a rye-based diet is not a good feed ingredient because it causes damage to the baby poults intestine that result in poor growth by the poult.  These experiments are important to poultry nutritionists because they show that rye is not a good source of energy for baby poults diets and that different grains need to be tested to see if they will help the growth of baby turkey poults.
                                Technical Abstract: Rye contains high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), leading to reduced digestibility.  Since poultry have little or no endogenous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these
NSP, exogenous carbohydrases as feed additives are used in an attempt to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of these polysaccharides.  Previously, an in vitro study conducted in our laboratory showed that inclusion of certain Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) candidates that produce exogenous phytase, lipase, protease, cellulose, and xylanase in high NSP diets
significantly reduced both digesta viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation.  In the present study, rye-based turkey starter diets with or without Bacillus-DFM were administered ad
libitum to day-of-hatch turkey poults in two independent experiments.  In both experiments, day-of-hatch turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a control diet (CON) or a DFM treated diet (n = 25 birds/group).  At ten days–of-age, all turkey poults from experiments 1 and 2 were weighed and 12 turkey poults/group were randomly selected and humanely killed.  Liver samples were aseptically collected to evaluate bacterial translocation, and intestinal digesta samples were individually collected to evaluate viscosity.  Additionally, in experiment 2 both tibias were removed for assessment of bone parameters.  In both experiments, the TRT group showed a reduction in the total number of coliforms in the liver as well as a reduced digesta viscosity when compared to the CON group (P<0.05).  Turkey poults fed the Bacillus-DFM candidate had increased tibia diameter, breaking strength, ash content, calcium content, and phosphorus content when compared with CON turkey poults.  In summary, turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet without DFM showed an increase in bacterial translocation and digesta viscosity, accompanied by a reduction in bone mineralization; however these adverse effects can be prevented by the inclusion of a selected Bacillus-DFM candidate in high NSP diets.


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