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Title:   Author  item
                                            Lehman, R

                                                         - *Michael*item
                                            Ducey, Thomasitem
                                            Jin, Virginiaitem
                                            Acosta-Martinez, Veronicaitem
                                            Ahlschwede, Carlaitem
                                            JESKE, ELIZABETH - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            DRIJBER, RHAE - University Of Nebraskaitem
                                            Cantrell, Keriitem
                                            FREDERICK, JAMES - Clemson Universityitem
                                            Borkowski, Darciitem
                                            Osborne, Shannonitem
                                            Novak, Jeffreyitem
                                            Johnson, Janeitem
                                            Varvel, Gary
  Submitted to: BioEnergy Research
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/14/2014
                                    Publication  Date: 4/28/2014
                                    Citation: Lehman, R.M., Ducey, T.F., Jin, V.L., Acosta Martinez, V., Ahlschwede, C.M., Jeske, E.S., Drijber, R.A., Cantrell, K.B., Frederick, J.R., Borkowski, D.M., Osborne, S.L., Novak, J.M., Johnson, J.M., Varvel, G.E. 2014. Soil microbial community response to corn stover harvesting under rain-fed, no-till conditions at multiple U.S. locations. BioEnergy Research. 7:540-550.Interpretive Summary: Harvesting of corn stover for cellulosic ethanol production must be balanced with the requirement for returning plant residues to agricultural fields to maintain soil structure, fertility, crop protection, and other ecosystem services.  High rates of corn stover removal have been shown to negatively affect soil physical properties, but little data are available on the responses of soil microbial communities to stover removal.  Soil microbial communities are critical because of their fundamental relationships with C and N cycles, soil fertility, crop protection, and stresses that might be imposed by climate change.  As part of a national ARS effort, we assessed the effect of corn stover harvesting on soil microbial communities at four field sites distributed across the U.S.  We found some evidence that soil microbial communities were influenced by corn stover removal, but the effects were slow and relatively minor in the no-till systems we examined.  Cover cropping appeared to buffer the response of soil microbial to corn stover removal. Documenting changes in soil microbial communities with stover removal under differing soil-climatic and management conditions will guide threshold levels of stover removal and identify potential mitigating practices.  Our data suggest that no-till and cover cropping are valuable practices to reduce potential effects of corn stover removal on soil microbial communities.
                                Technical Abstract: Harvesting of corn stover for cellulosic ethanol production must be balanced with the requirement for returning plant residues to agricultural fields to maintain soil structure, fertility, crop protection, and other ecosystem services.  High rates of corn stover removal can be associated with decreased soil organic matter (SOM) quantity and quality and increased highly-erodible soil aggregate fractions.  Limited data are available on the impact of stover harvesting on soil microbial communities which are critical because of their fundamental relationships with C and N cycles, soil fertility, crop protection, and stresses that might be imposed by climate change.  Using fatty acid and DNA analyses, we evaluated relative changes in soil fungal and bacterial densities and fungal:bacterial (F:B) ratios in response to corn stover removal under no-till, rain fed management.  These studies were performed at four different U.S. locations with contrasting soil-climatic conditions and key soil parameters such as SOM and pH.  The highest levels of corn stover removal tended to have lower F:B ratios across all the site-years examined; however, the effect was only significant at one of the four locations.  At this location, data trends suggest that cover cropping may be an important practice to minimize changes in soil microbial communities. It is probable that no-till practices employed at all locations mitigated rapid changes in soil properties associated with stover removal. We also found that in these no-till systems, the 0 to 5 cm depth interval is most likely to experience changes, and that detectable effects of stover removal on soil microbial community structure will depend on the duration of stover removal, sampling time, soil type, and annual weather patterns.  Documenting changes in soil microbial communities with stover removal under differing soil-climatic and management conditions will guide threshold levels of stover removal and identify potential mitigating practices (e.g., no-till, cover cropping). [REAP publication]


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