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Title:   Author  item
                                            MUSTAFA, TARIQ - Washington State Universityitem
                                            Horton, Daviditem
                                            Swisher Grimm, Kylieitem
                                            ZACK, RICH - Washington State Universityitem
                                            Munyaneza, Joseph

                                                         - *Joe*
  Submitted to: Environmental Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/30/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 6/1/2015
                                    Citation: Mustafa, T., Horton, D.R., Swisher, K.D., Zack, R., Munyaneza, J.E. 2015. Effects of host plant on development and body size of three haplotypes of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera:Triozidae). Environmental Entomology. 44:593-600.Interpretive Summary: Potato psyllid is the insect vector of zebra chip, a new and economically important disease of potato in the United States, including the Pacific Northwest, where over 50% of U. S. potatoes are grown. Researchers at USDA-ARS Wapato in Washington, in collaboration with scientists at Washington State University, assessed how well this insect pest develops when reared on potato or bittersweet nightshade, an important perennial weed commonly found near potato crops in the Pacific Northwest. It was determined that the potato psyllid develops faster on potato than bittersweet nightshade, which may lead to production of large populations of this insect pest on potato crops and increasing the risk of zebra chip damage. This information will help potato producers manage zebra chip by targeting the potato psyllid for control early to prevent this insect from colonizing potato crops.
                                Technical Abstract: Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is an economic pest of solanaceous crops in North and Central America, and (as an introduction) in New Zealand. Four genetic haplotypes of the psyllid have been identified in North America. Three of these haplotypes (Central, Western, and Northwestern) are common on potato crops within the major potato growing regions of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Within this growing region, a weedy perennial nightshade, Solanum dulcamara (bittersweet nightshade), has been identified to be an important overwintering host and spring or summer source of psyllids colonizing potato fields. It is unclear whether bittersweet nightshade is a highly suitable host plant for all three haplotypes known to occur in the Pacific Northwest. The objective of the   present study was to examine developmental traits and adult body size of all three haplotypes of psyllids reared on potato and bittersweet nightshade. Averaged over haplotype, development times were longer for psyllids reared on nightshade than potato. Duration of the pre-oviposition period, egg incubation requirements, nymphal development time, and total developmental time averaged 7.4, 5.9, 23.5, and 29.5 d on nightshade and 4.9, 5.5, 22.3, and 27.9 d on potato, respectively. The largest host effects were found for the Central haplotype, which exhibited a substantially extended (by over 5 d) preoviposition period on nightshade compared to potato. Averaged over host plant, nymphal and total development times of the Northwestern haplotype were longer (25.5 and 31.1 d, respectively) than those of the Western and Central haplotypes. The Northwestern haplotype was largest in overall body size, while the Central haplotype had the smallest overall body size, irrespective of host plant. Both sexes exhibited this trend.


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