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Title:   Author  item
                                            UNAHAWUTTI, U. - Department Of Agriculture - Thailanditem
                                            INTARAKUMHENG, R. - Department Of Agriculture - Thailanditem
                                            OONTHONGLANG, P. - Department Of Agriculture - Thailanditem
                                            PHANKUM, S. - Department Of Agriculture - Thailanditem
                                            Follett, Peter
  Submitted to: Journal of Economic Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/21/2014
                                    Publication  Date: 8/1/2014
                                    Citation: Unahawutti, U., Intarakumheng, R., Oonthonglang, P., Phankum, S., Follett, P.A. 2014. Nonhost status of mangosteen to Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera:Tephritidae) in Thailand. Journal of Economic Entomology. 107:1355-1361.Interpretive Summary: Postharvest quarantine treatments (irradiation or vapor heat) are used to control fruit flies and other pests in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) exported to the United States and Japan
from Thailand. No-choice tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine whether Thai mangosteen is a host for Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly) and Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly).  Results suggest that natural infestation of mangosteen by B.dorsalis and B.carambolae can only occur if fruit exhibit physical cracks or mechanical injury. Resistance appears to be due to the pericarp hardness and thickness as well as latex secretion. Nonhost status could be used without additional quarantine measures to achieve quarantine security against B.dorsalis and B.carambolae in mangosteen exported from Thailand.
                                Technical Abstract: Postharvest quarantine treatments (irradiation or vapor heat) are used to control fruit flies and other pests in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) exported to the United States and Japan from Thailand. No-choice tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine whether Thai mangosteen is a host for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (oriental fruit fly) and Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (carambola fruit fly). Ripe commercial quality fruit (1 wk after harvest) that were either undamaged or damaged by puncturing or peeling the pericarp were exposed to a high density of gravid flies in screen cages and then held for 10 d and dissected to inspect for immature life stages. Undamaged mangosteen fruit were not infested by B.dorsalis and B.carambolae. Partially damaged fruit with shallow punctures in the pericarp that did not extend to the aril also were not infested. Both fruit flies could infest damaged fruit if the pericarp damage allowed oviposition in the aril. Results suggest that natural infestation of mangosteen by B.dorsalis and B.carambolae can only occur if fruit exhibit physical cracks or mechanical injury. Resistance appears to be due to the pericarp hardness and thickness as well as latex secretion. Nonhost status could be used without additional quarantine measures to achieve quarantine security against B.dorsalis and B.carambolae in mangosteen exported from Thailand.


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