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Title:   Author  item
                                            Yokomi, Raymond

                                                         - *Ray*item
                                            DELGADO, J - Heritage Universityitem
                                            Unruh, Thomasitem
                                            BARCENAS, N - Heritage Universityitem
                                            Garczynski, Stephenitem
                                            WALSE, SPENCER - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)item
                                            PEREZ DE LEON, ADALBERTO - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)item
                                            Cooper, William

                                                         - *Rodney*
  Submitted to: Annals of the Entomological Society of America
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/2/2021
                                    Publication  Date: 9/24/2021
                                    Citation: Yokomi, R.K., Delgado, J.K., Unruh, T.R., Barcenas, N.M., Garczynski, S.F., Walse, S., Perez de Leon, A.A., Cooper, W.R. 2021. Molecular advances in larval fruit moth identification to facilitate fruit export from western United States under systems approaches. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 115(1):105-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab040.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab040                                                              
                                Interpretive Summary: This article reviews the Systems Approach that integrates different pest risk management measures to achieve the appropriate level of phytosanitary protection for the export of apples, pears, cherries and other stone fruits to trade partners outside of the USA. We highlight our research on recent advances of molecular identification of fruit moths as an example of a successful systems approach. When small moth larvae are found feeding in the fruit and morphological characters cannot distinguish the pest species, a new molecular-based identification protocol was developed for species identification of key pome fruit internal feeders. The method provides multiplexing of the diagnostic procedures to allows more rapid identification than previous methods. The new method provides support of ongoing pre-harvest "systems approach" export programs for cherries from the Pacific Northwest to Japan without fumigation wen no codling moth are interdicted in fruit inspections at packing houses
                                Technical Abstract: Several insect species in the Western USA are regulated pests that can trigger the quarantine of pome and stone fruit shipments destined for export markets. Systems approaches are gaining international acceptance, with several instances relevant to the export of fruit from Western USA. Many events in the export marketing channel, ranging from pre-plant efforts (e.g., GMO) to biological considerations (e.g., host status) to refrigerated storage, can reduce the potential occurrence of an insect pest, and a systems approach combines multiple tactics to achieve the required level of food security. Research advances in the molecular identification of larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an internal feeder of pome and stone fruit, were required to validate the systems approach for export of fresh cherries to Japan. Suspect codling moth larvae interdicted in cherries at packing houses were distinguished from other internal fruit moth larvae including the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck); lesser appleworm, G. prunivora (Walsh); and cherry fruitworm, G. packardi Zeller; and filbertworm , Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Identification achieved by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of a 301 bp region of the codling moth cytochrome oxidase I gene region was applied for multispecies comparison to ascertain molecular diagnosis. These findings are discussed in the context of systems approach research needs to meet evolving phytosanitary requirements for the global export of fruits


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