U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research: Athens, GA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    USNPRC
                        Richard B Russell Center
                                    Southeast Poultry Research Center
                                    Return to USNPRC home page
                    Research Units at USNPRC
                        Quality and Safety Assessment Research
                                    Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research
                                    Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research
                                    Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit
                                    Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases
                                    Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research
                                    Avian Diseases and Oncology Research
                                    Return to USNPRC home pageSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Southeast Area Athens, Georgia U.S. National Poultry Research Center Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Pantin Jackwood, Maryitem
                                            COSTA-HURTADO, MAR - US Department Of Agriculture (USDA)item
                                            Miller, Pattiitem
                                            Afonso, Claudioitem
                                            Spackman, Ericaitem
                                            Kapczynski, Darrellitem
                                            Shepherd, Ericitem
                                            Smith, Dianeitem
                                            Swayne, David
  Submitted to: Veterinary Microbiology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/16/2015
                                    Publication  Date: 5/1/2015
                                    Citation: Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Costa-Hurtado, M., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., Shepherd, E.M., Smith, D.M., Swayne, D.E. 2015. Experimental co-infections of domestic ducks with a virulent Newcastle disease virus and low or highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Veterinary Microbiology. 177:7-17.Interpretive Summary: Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two of the most economically important viruses affecting poultry. Domestic ducks also become infected with these viruses, but because these viruses cause similar clinical signs in infected birds, co-infection of ducks with these viruses is difficult to recognize.  Co-infections also may affect the severity of clinical signs, virus shedding and virus transmission.  In this study we infected domestic ducks with a velogenic NDV virus (vNDV) and a LPAIV or a HPAIV by giving the viruses individually, simultaneously, or sequentially two days apart.  No clinical signs were observed in ducks infected or co-infected with vNDV and LPAIV, but co-infection decreased the number of ducks shedding vNDV, and the amount of virus shed.  Co-infection did not affect the number of birds shedding LPAIV, but did affect the amount of virus shed.  All ducks that got HPAIV, co-infected or not with vNDV, died in less than 4 days, however some co-infected ducks survived for longer and virus shedding was also affected.  Co-infection also affected the transmission of the viruses to direct contact ducks.  In conclusion, domestic ducks can become co-infected with vNDV and LPAIV with no effect on clinical signs but some effect on virus shedding and consequently transmission.
                                Technical Abstract: Infections with Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of low and high pathogenicity (LP and HP), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are commonly reported in domestic ducks in parts of the world. However, it’s not clear if co-infections with these viruses affect the severity of the diseases they produce, the amount of virus shed, and transmission of the viruses.  In this study we infected domestic ducks with a velogenic NDV virus (vNDV) and a LPAIV or a HPAIV by giving the viruses individually, simultaneously, or sequentially two days apart.  No clinical signs were observed in ducks infected or co-infected with vNDV and LPAIV, but co-infection decreased the number of ducks shedding vNDV, and the amount of virus shed at 4 days post inoculation (dpi).  Co-infection did not affect the number of birds shedding LPAIV, but differences in the amount of virus shed was observed between ducks inoculated only with LPAIV and ducks co-infected with vNDV.  All ducks inoculated with the HPAIV, co-infected or not with vNDV, presented similar clinical signs and died in less than 4 days, however some co-infected ducks survived for longer and HPAIV cloacal virus shedding was significantly affected if ducks had been previously infected with vNDV.  Co-infection also affected the transmission of the viruses to direct contact ducks.  In conclusion, domestic ducks can become co-infected with vNDV and LPAIV with no effect on clinical signs but some effect on virus shedding and consequently transmission.  This and the increased survival observed in some ducks co-infected with vNDV and HPAIV, indicates that infection with one virus can interfere with replication of another.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov