U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Cntr: Stuttgart, AR
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Southeast Area Stuttgart, Arkansas Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Cntr Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications
- IACUC Summary

Title:   Author  item
                                            Straus, David

                                                         - *Dave*item
                                            Beck, Benjaminitem
                                            Farmer, Bradleyitem
                                            Ledbetter, Cynthia

                                                         - *Cindy*item
                                            WILLIAMS, RICK - Keo Fish Farmitem
                                            CLARK, MIKE - Keo Fish Farmitem
                                            FREEZE, MIKE - Keo Fish Farm
  Submitted to: Book of Abstracts Aquaculture America
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/1/2013
                                    Publication  Date: 2/10/2014
                                    Citation: Straus, D.L., Beck, B.H., Farmer, B.D., Ledbetter, C.K., Williams, R.S., Clark, M.L., Freeze, M.T. 2014. Treating sunshine bass eggs with copper sulfate controls fungus and increases survival [abstracts]. Book of Abstracts Aquaculture America 2014: Taking Aquaculture to New Heights through Technology, Marketing, Collaboration, February 9-12. 2014, Seattle, Washington. p.504.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: A major obstacle to sunshine bass production is fungal growth on eggs.  Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is commonly used for fungus control in channel catfish hatcheries that use troughs, but the effectiveness of it on fish eggs hatched using different systems was not known.  Female white bass Morone chrysops and male striped bass M. saxatilis were spawned, and sunshine bass eggs were transferred immediately to 6 L McDonald jars.  Tannic acid was added to the jars and they were aerated for 4 min.  Well water flowed through the jars for 2 h.  Next, iodine was added to each jar and they were aerated for 10 min in a static bath; ovary tissue was removed with a sieve following this bath.  Water flow was resumed for 1 h to purge the iodine before proceeding.

Approximately 120 ml of eggs were counted with an optoelectronic XperCount (TM) enumerator and transferred to each hatching chamber of our experimental system (below, left); water volume was 1.5 L.  Water flow maintained the rolling action of the eggs per industry standards.  The study consisted of three CuSO4 concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/L) and an untreated control (n=3).  Because eggs start hatching after 2 d, treatment began immediately the afternoon of spawning with a 10 min aerated, static bath and was repeated morning and afternoon on Day 2.  Eggs were not treated after hatching began.  Fry were counted with the XperCount (TM) on Day 4.

Water parameters were: pH 7.9, 216 mg/L alkalinity, and 266 mg/L hardness.  Fungus samples from the control chambers were identified as Saprolegnia ferax.  Fungus was severe in the untreated controls (28% survival).  Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 10 mg/L CuSO4 (32% survival) or higher.  The best survival was at 40 mg/L CuSO4 (50% survival); however, the 20 mg/L CuSO4 treatment (46% survival) gave similar results and allows for a greater margin of safety.  We developed an in vitro assay (below, right) that confirmed maximum fungal inhibition was achieved at 20 mg/L CuSO4.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov