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Title:   Author  item
                                            FAULKNER, OLIVIA - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            Kapczynski, Darrellitem
                                            BIELKE, L - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            WOLFENDEN, AMADA - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            KUTTAPPAN, V - University Of Arkansasitem
                                            BERGHMAN, L - Texas A&M Universityitem
                                            HARGIS, B - University Of Arkansas
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/5/2014
                                    Publication  Date: 1/28/2015
                                    Citation: Faulkner, O., Kapczynski, D.R., Bielke, L.R., Wolfenden, A., Kuttappan, V.A., Berghman, L.R., Hargis, B.M. 2015. Mucosal immune response in broilers following vaccination with inactivated influenza and recombinant Bacillus subtilis [abstract]. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. CDROM.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Mucosal and systemic immunity were observed in broilers vaccinated with mannosylated chitosan adjuvated (MCA) inactivated A/Turkey/Virginia/158512/2002 (H7N2) and administered with and without recombinant Bacillus subtilis to elicit heterologous influenza strain protection.  Previously, mucosal immunity was significantly elevated after broilers were subcutaneously (SQ) injected with a commercial inactivated influenza vaccine followed by drinking water administration of MCA inactivated influenza on day (d) 4 and d14.  Currently, inactivated recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing full length high mobility box group 1 (HMGB1), truncated CD154, and multiple universal avian influenza antigenic proteins were combined with MCA ß-propriolactone-inactivated H7N2 to vaccinate broilers.  CD154 is the T lymphocyte-expressed ligand for CD40 receptors on B lymphocytes and macrophages. HMGB1 binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products to activate macrophage-lineage cells.  Vaccines were administered by SQ route on day of hatch (DOH) and d 14, followed by oral gavage on d4 and d14.  Systemic immunity was measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and mucosal immunity was determined using a nucleoprotein specific ELISA.  Mucosal immunity was measured in the homogenates of ileal scrapings.  Systemic immunity was measured in serum collected 7-and 14-d after boost vaccination.  Nucleoprotein specific mucosal antibodies were significantly higher than control broilers that received a combination of MCA, H7N2, and recombinant Bacillus subtilis SQ on DOH, and drinking water administration on d4 and d14 (P=0.015).  H7N2 specific HI antibodies were highest (6.3±0.43 log2) among vaccinates in broilers 14d after second vaccination in broilers that received SQ injection on DOH and SQ d14 (P<0.001).  Mucosal immune stimulation using inactivated recombinant Bacillus subtilis and influenza suggests that protection from circulating influenza viruses can be achieved without a live vaccination.


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