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Title:   Author  item
                                            Baker, Amyitem
                                            LEWIS, NICOLA - University Of Cambridgeitem
                                            WEBBY, RICHARD - St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
  Submitted to: Animal Influenza Virus
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/11/2016
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Influenza A viruses (IAV) of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family cause one of the most important viral respiratory diseases in pigs.  Repeated outbreaks and rapid spread of both genetically and antigenically distinct IAVs represent considerable challenges for animal production, and since these viruses also have zoonotic potential, they pose a risk to human health.  Subtypes of H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are currently endemic in swine around the world, but they not only exhibit substantial diversity within the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes, but in the other 6 gene segments as well.  Human and swine IAV have a particular propensity for bi-directional interspecies transmission in the past century, demonstrated by regular virus incursion between the two hosts and sometimes sustained virus circulation within the new host species.  The diversity of IAV in swine remains one of the critical challenges in diagnosis and control of this important pathogen, both for swine health, and as a result of zoonotic risk, to public health.


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