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Title:   Author  item
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Harvey, Rogeritem
                                            Poole, Toniitem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Book Chapter
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/5/2013
                                    Publication  Date: 7/15/2013
                                    Citation: Callaway, T.R., Anderson, R.C., Edrington, T.S., Genovese, K.J., Harvey, R.B., Poole, T.L., Nisbet, D.J. 2013. Novel methods for pathogen control in livestock preharvest: An update. In: Sofos, J., editor. Advances in Microbial Food Safety. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited. p. 275-304.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Pathogenic bacteria are found asymptomatically within and on food animals, which often results in pathogen entry into the food chain, causing human illnesses.  Slaughter and processing plants do an outstanding job in reducing pathogen contamination through the use of intervention strategies after slaughter and during further processing, yet foodborne illnesses still occur at an unacceptable frequency.  Thus, it is critical that we devise strategies that act against pathogenic bacteria before they can enter the processing facility and food chain.  Reducing farm levels of zoonotic pathogens will contribute to the enhancement of human health and food safety from the farm and environment to the consumer's fork.  Therefore, a broad range of pre-slaughter intervention strategies are currently under investigation.  These strategies are grouped together as:  1) direct anti-pathogen strategies, 2) competitive enhancement strategies, and 3) animal management strategies.  Included within these categories are such diverse methods as: vaccination against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, probiotics/prebiotics/competitive exclusion to prevent pathogen colonization, using bacterial viruses to specifically reduce existing pathogen populations, and the use of chemical methods and dietary changes to specifically decrease pathogens.  The simultaneous application of one or more pre-slaughter strategies has the potential to contribute to the reduction of human foodborne illnesses by erecting multiple hurdles against their entry into the food chain.


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