U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory: Beltsville, MD
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                                    Software
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Northeast Area Beltsville, Maryland (BARC) Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications
- People
- Research Sites
- Pesticide Volatilization
- Watershed Modeling
- Climate Change
- Soil Moisture
- Drought and ET
- HRSL Brochure

Title:   Author  item
                                            Gish, Timothyitem
                                            Prueger, Johnitem
                                            Kustas, William

                                                         - *Bill*item
                                            McKee, Lynnitem
                                            Russ, Andrew

                                                         - *Andy*item
                                            Hatfield, Jerry
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/15/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 8/19/2012
                                    Citation: Gish, T.J., Prueger, J.H., Kustas, W.P., Mckee, L.G., Russ, A.L., Hatfield, J.L. 2012. Thirteen year summary of field-scale herbicide volatilization [abstract]. American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition. 2012 CDROM.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Once lost to the atmosphere, herbicide transport can result in unintended re-deposition to inhabited areas, streams, rivers, and lakes. To better understand factors governing herbicide volatilization and to determine its impact relative to other loss pathways, field-scale turbulent volatilization fluxes of two herbicides have been conducted annually since 1998, and represent perhaps the most detailed and longest herbicide volatilization database in existence.  Herbicide runoff and turbulent vapor fluxes were simultaneously monitored on the same site located at the OPE3 Field site in Beltsville, Maryland.  Site location, herbicide formulations, and agricultural management have remained unchanged during the 13 years.  Metolachlor and atrazine were co-applied as a surface broadcast spray.  Herbicide runoff was monitored a month before application through harvest using H-flumes.  For the first 10 years, flux gradient technique was used to compute volatilization fluxes for only the first 5 days after application using herbicide concentration profiles and turbulent fluxes of heat and water vapor as determined from eddy covariance measurements.  For the last three years, herbicide volatilization has been monitored for the first 10 days after application.  Various results and future research will be discussed.  For example, when averaged over all years and both herbicides, off-site transport was at least 25 times larger for volatilization than surface runoff.   Additionally, herbicide volatilization losses were strongly influenced by soil moisture.  Temperature increased herbicide volatilization when soils were moist, but had little impact on herbicide volatilization when soils were dry.  This research confirms that vapor losses for some commonly used herbicides far exceeds runoff losses and that herbicide vapor losses will need to be quantified and evaluated if management practice and formulations are to be developed which reduce herbicide loads on surrounding environments.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov