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Title:   Author  item
                                            Cha, Dongitem
                                            HESLER, STEPHEN - Cornell Universityitem
                                            LINN, JR, CHARLES - Cornell Universityitem
                                            Zhang, Aijunitem
                                            Teal, Peteritem
                                            Knight, Alanitem
                                            ROELOFS, WENDELL - Cornell Universityitem
                                            LOEB, GREGORY - Cornell University
  Submitted to: Environmental Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/11/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 2/1/2013
                                    Citation: Cha, D.H., Hesler, S.P., Linn, Jr, C.E., Zhang, A., Teal, P.E., Knight, A.L., Roelofs, W.L., Loeb, G.M. 2013. Influence of trap design on upwind flight behavior and capture of female grape berry moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidea) with a kairomone lure. Environmental Entomology. 42:150-157.Interpretive Summary: Grape berry moth (GBM) is a major pest on juice and wine grapes in the Eastern USA. The ability of growers to reliably monitor this pest is critical to effective pest management programs. At present, growers monitor male moths in pheromone traps and correlate these data with risk of eggs laid by females and subsequent fruit injury. However, male flight activity often does not coincide with female egg laying. To better monitor female GBM population, we have developed a host plant based synthetic chemical lure and shown that oil-coated clear panel traps baited with this lure were effective in monitoring populations of female GBM in a vineyard. However, servicing these traps in a vineyard was cumbersome. We modified the color and transparency of two commercially available trap designs and evaluated the relative performance of those traps. Clear delta trap, with or without a visual pattern applied, performed similarly as the oil-coated clear panel trap in a vineyard. These data suggest that the use of these clear delta traps could be a less cumbersome alternative to oil-coated panel traps for monitoring female GBM.
                                Technical Abstract: Oil-coated clear panel traps baited with a host plant-based kairomone lure are effective in monitoring female grape berry moth (GBM), Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), but servicing these traps in a vineyard is cumbersome. In this study, we compared the performance of different trap designs in the flight tunnel and in a vineyard using the 7-component synthetic kairomone blend, with a focus on trap appearance. In flight tunnel experiments, a clear delta trap performed better than other traps. When tested with clear delta, green delta or clear wing traps baited with a cut grape shoot, more than 50% of female GBM made complete upwind flights. However, the clear delta trap was the only design that resulted in female moths entering the trap. Similar results were observed when females were tested with different traps (clear delta, green delta, white delta, clear wing or green wing traps) baited with the kairomone lure. Adding a visual pattern that mimics grape shoots to the outside surface of the clear delta trap resulted in 66% of the females that made upwind flights entering the trap. However, the effect of adding a visual pattern to the trap was not observed in the field, where clear delta traps with or without a visual pattern caught similar numbers of females. Still, the number of male and female GBM captured in clear delta traps with or without a visual pattern was not different from the number of male and female GBM captured in panel traps, suggesting that the use of these delta traps could be a less cumbersome alternative to oil-coated panel traps for monitoring female GBM.


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