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Title:   Author  item
                                            Kitikoon, Pravinaitem
                                            GAUGER, PHILLIP - Iowa State Universityitem
                                            Schlink, Sarahitem
                                            Bayles, Darrellitem
                                            CULHANE, MARIE - University Of Minnesotaitem
                                            DARNELL, DANIEL - St Jude Children’s Research Hospitalitem
                                            WEBBY, RICHARD - St Jude Children’s Research Hospitalitem
                                            Lager, Kellyitem
                                            SWENSON, SABRINA - Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)item
                                            KLIMOV, ALEXANDER - Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) - United Statesitem
                                            Baker, Amy
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/15/2013
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Human cases with H3N2 (H3N2v) viruses closely related to swine H3N2 viruses were detected in 2011 and increased to >320 cases by the end of 2012. H3N2-TRIG was the H3N2 genotype endemically circulating in the U.S. swine population prior to the emergence of H1N1pdm09, and rH3N2p are novel H1N1pdm09/H3N2-TRIG reassortant genotypes. Whole genome analysis showed ten different rH3N2p genotypes present in the U.S. swine population since 2009. Genotype 1 (G1) acquired the pM gene alone from H1N1pdm09 similar to H3N2v, and was most frequently detected among rH3N2p in pigs. This indicates a genetic fitness of G1 in swine and possibly transmission to human. Hemagglutinin (HA) gene analysis indicated that rH3N2p and H3N2v are related to the contemporary H3N2-TRIG virus, but recent rH3N2p swine isolates formed separate clusters. We compared the pathogenic, transmission, genetic, and antigenic properties of a human H3N2v isolate with two swine H3N2 viruses, H3N2-TRIG and rH3N2p in the swine host. Groups were assigned as negative controls; H3N2v-infected; H3N2-TRIG-infected and rH3N2p-infected, with contact pigs in each group to study virus transmission. No differences in pathogenicity or transmissibility among the three H3N2 viruses were detected. Antibodies to H3N2-TRIG virus cross-reacted to H3N2v. However mutations at putative HA antigenic sites of contemporary swine H3N2 viruses were detected with reduced serologic cross-reactivity among the rH3N2p sub-clusters. The findings demonstrate antigenic drift of these new viruses concurrent with the genomic reassortment. As influenza A viruses continue to evolve and transmit between humans and animals, the role of pigs in generating reassortant influenza viruses cannot be overlooked. Continued genetic, antigenic, and in vivo studies in swine are essential to determine the phenotypes of these novel emerging viruses in their natural host.


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