# Patent

## Title
Aerosol generator

## Abstract

An aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt is provided. The aerosol generator comprises: (i) a mouth end; (ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine, (iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, (iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with the first and second chambers, leading to the mouth end, and (v) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device. A nicotine vapor can be produced by drawing air along the passageway and through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine. An acid vapor can be produced by passing air along the passageway and through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid. Then, the nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out through the mouth end.

## Background
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/640,089 entitled AEROSOL GENERATOR, filed Dec. 30, 2004, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.


FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates generally to a nicotine aerosol generator and methods of manufacturing same, as well as methods for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt and methods for assisting a person to stop smoking and/or providing a substitute for tobacco smoking.
BACKGROUND
As an alternative to smoking cigarettes, certain products have been developed as tobacco-smoking alternatives or substitutes. Such products include, for example, nicotine-containing chewing gum, nicotine-containing nose drops, nicotine skin patches, lozenges, and nicotine sprays. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,793,366; 4,813,437; 4,920,989; 4,945,929; 4,953,572; 5,656,255; 5,834,011; 5,893,371; and 6,024,097.
Often these tobacco-smoking alternatives or substitutes produce nicotine levels that are typically lower than those produced by tobacco smoking. Also, the absorption of nicotine into the bloodstream is slower than with conventional tobacco smoking. Moreover, these substitute methods sometimes have unpleasant side effects, including nausea, indigestion and throat or mouth irritation.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide improved alternatives or substitutes for tobacco smoking and/or products for delivering nicotine as part of a program to assist smokers to discontinue smoking cigarettes.
SUMMARY
An aerosol generator for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt is provided. In an embodiment, the aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt, comprises (i) a mouth end; (ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine; (iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid; (iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with both the first and second chambers, and leading to the mouth end, and (v) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device. The outer housing preferably contains at least the first and second chamber, and may also contain the third or any additional chambers as well.
A nicotine vapor can be produced by passing or drawing air through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine. An acid vapor can be produced by passing or drawing air through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid. The nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out the mouth end.
The aerosol of the nicotine salt produced is about 0.1 to 10 microns in size, preferably about 0.1 to 3 microns in size.
In an embodiment, the volatile acid in the second chamber is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and sulphuric acid.
In another embodiment, the form of the liquid nicotine is (i) a racemic mixture, (ii) an unequal amount of the D and L isomers of nicotine, (iii) substantially the D isomer of nicotine or (iv) substantially the L isomer of nicotine. Preferably, the form of the nicotine is substantially the L isomer.
If desired, either the first chamber or the second chamber further comprise at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a viscosity agent, an antioxidant or a preservative. Optionally, the aerosol generator may further comprise a fourth chamber, wherein the fourth chamber contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol and flavoring. In another embodiment, the aerosol generator may optionally further comprise in the mouth end, a sufficient amount of a basic compound to remove any excess acid vapor, for example, calcium carbonate can be used to remove acid vapor from the aerosol. Examples of flavoring that may be incorporated into the aerosol generator include menthol, for example.
In one embodiment, an aerosol generator contains a total of about 1-50 mg of nicotine, preferably about 1-20 mg of nicotine per device. For example, the aerosol generator can dispense about 0.5 to 20 mg of nicotine to the user, preferably about 0.5 to 10 mg of nicotine to the user. The aerosol generator can include a 10 mg nicotine capsule to deliver about 4 mg of nicotine to the user. In general, the aerosol generator delivers an inhalation volume of about 10 to 1000 cc per draw or puff, preferably an inhalation volume of about 35 to 350 cc per draw or puff. In certain embodiments, the person would use about 5-20 cartridges a day, but this number can vary depending upon the personal preference of the user.
In yet another embodiment, a method for assisting in the reduction of the desire of a subject to smoke tobacco and/or providing to a smoker a substitute for tobacco smoking is provided. Such methods comprise using an aerosol generator as described herein to deliver an aerosol of a nicotine salt to a subject.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention relates generally to an aerosol generator for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt.
In one embodiment, the aerosol generator comprises: (i) a mouth end; (ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine, (iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, and (iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with both the first and second chambers, and leading to the mouth end.
A nicotine vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine. The nicotine is vaporized as a result of its vapor pressure. An acid vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid. Then, the nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be contacted in the third chamber as the user draws them up through the device by inhaling from the mouth end.
While not wishing to be limited by theory, it is believed that contacting the two vapor-laden streams allows the nicotine to contact the acid in the vapor phase, causing an acid-base reaction between the basic nicotine molecule, and the acid to form a nicotine salt. The nicotine salt has low volatility, and forms an aerosol, which can be drawn out the mouth end.
Advantages of the aerosol device over other aerosol generators include the simplicity of design and operation, and the small aerosol particle size generated. Also, the aerosol generator as described herein advantageously does not require any excipients or aerosol carrier. In addition, the aerosol generator does not pose a fire risk, and also does not produce second-hand or sidestream smoke. Advantageously, the aerosol of the nicotine salt is delivered substantially free of tar, and also free of mainstream smoke.
The aerosol generator in one embodiment is in the shape of a tube with a mount end. The mouth end may optionally contain a filter type material if desired. The user is able to draw air through the tube from the mouth end, such that the air is passed through both the first chamber and second chamber.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment, the mouth end can further contain a suitable material to absorb any solid and/or excess acid vapor. Often a basic compound is used for this purpose, such as a carbonate. Preferably, calcium carbonate may be used for this purpose.
In an embodiment, the aerosol generator is in the shape of a tube, which is about 1-15 cm long and 5-10 mm in diameter. Preferably, the aerosol generator is about 7-8 cm long and about 7 mm in diameter. In one embodiment, the aerosol generator may be in the form of a double-barreled tube, with the third chamber at the mouth end of the tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the aerosol generator will have the appearance and be about the same size as a cigarette. In this regard, a regular cigarette is about 70 to 120 mm long, preferably about 85 mm, and the circumference is from about 15 mm to about 30 mm in circumference, preferably about 25 mm.
Nicotine is extracted from tobacco in the form of a water-soluble, alkaline, oily liquid. The chemical structure of nicotine is as follows:




As illustrated above, nicotine is a tertiary amine comprising a pyridine and a pyrrolidine ring. It is colorless to pale yellow in color, and turns brown on exposure to air or light. Nicotine is also a volatile, hygroscopic liquid. Accordingly, to extend the shelf life in a commercial embodiment, it may be desirable that the aerosol generator be wrapped in foil or a sealed packaging material, to minimize the exposure to air and light. Prior to use, the user can conveniently remove the packaging material.

The liquid nicotine used in the aerosol generator may be in the form of (i) a racemic mixture, (ii) an unequal amount of the D and L isomers, (iii) substantially the D isomer or (iv) substantially the L isomer. By “substantially” is meant that a specific enantiomer will contain less than 10%, e.g. less than 5% and advantageously less than 1%, e.g., less than 0.5% of its opposite enantiomer. Preferably, the L-isomer is used (which corresponds to the S-isomer when using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature system).
The term “liquid nicotine” includes both nicotine in the liquid or oil form, as well as nicotine in the form of a solution. In a preferred embodiment, a physiologically acceptable solution is used, for example, including but not limited to, water, saline or phosphate-buffered saline.
The nicotine is placed on a suitable porous material. Preferably, the porous material is inert. Examples of porous materials that may be used include, but are not limited to various fibers and polymer materials. The outer housing for the aerosol generator is constructed from a suitable material, such as a plastic or various suitable paper materials.
It is to be understood that the aerosol generated comprises a gaseous suspension of fine solids or liquid particles. The mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of these particles is typically from about 0.1-10 microns. In contrast, a vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid under standard temperature and pressure. It is noted that a vapor in gaseous form is typically exposed to the mouth of the user, while an aerosol in particulate form can be exposed to the lungs of the user. Inhaling an aerosol also mimics the sensation of inhaling smoke from a standard cigarette better than a vapor.
Any suitable acid may be used in the second chamber. By “suitable acid,” it is understood that the acid must be selected such that it is volatile enough to be admixed with the nicotine vapor, and such that it is strong enough to react with the nicotine. In addition, the acid should be selected such that it is physiologically acceptable. Examples of suitable acids include, but are not limited to, acetic acid and possibly hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and mixtures thereof.
As mentioned above, the size of the aerosol particles is sufficient to simulate the sensation normally achieved by tobacco smoke. For example, the MMAD of the aerosol particles is typically between about 0.1-10 microns, preferably 0.1-3 microns.
In a further embodiment, the aerosol generator may also further comprise a fourth chamber, wherein the fourth chamber contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol and flavoring. Any suitable flavoring agent may be used, such as but not limited to menthol.
The materials in each of the chambers may additionally contain suitable amounts of other additives such as, but not limited to standard viscosity agents (e.g., cellulose or substituted cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose, lanolin, beeswax, gum arabic, PEG), preservatives (e.g., benzoic acid) and/or antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid).
In yet another embodiment, a method for assisting a person to quit smoking is provided, which comprises delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt, wherein the aerosol of the nicotine salt is of such particle size and quantity to provide comparable or reduced uptake of nicotine as compared to tobacco smoking. In an embodiment, suitable levels of nicotine may be used, for example, levels suitable for use in a method for assisting in the reduction of the desire of a subject to smoke tobacco and/or for providing to a smoker a substitute for tobacco smoking.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that variations and modifications may be resorted to as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such variations and modifications are to be considered within the purview and scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
All of the above-mentioned references are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

## Claims

1. An aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt, comprising:
(i) a mouth end and a basic compound in an amount effective to remove acid vapor in the aerosol in the mouth end;
(ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
(iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid,
(iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with the first and second chambers, and leading to the mouth end,
and
(vi) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device,
wherein a nicotine vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
wherein an acid vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, and
wherein the nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out the mouth end.

2. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein the aerosol of the nicotine salt has a MMAD of about 0.1 to 10 microns in size.

3. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein the aerosol of the nicotine salt has a MMAD of about 0.1 to 3 microns in size.

4. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein the volatile acid in the second chamber is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and sulphuric acid.

5. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein the form of the liquid nicotine is (i) a racemic mixture, (ii) an unequal amount of the D and L isomers, (iii) substantially the D isomer or (iv) substantially the L isomer.

6. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein the form of the nicotine is substantially the L isomer.

7. An aerosol generator of claim 1, wherein either the first chamber or the second chamber further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a viscosity agent, an antioxidant and a preservative.

8. An aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt, comprising:
(i) a mouth end;
(ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
(iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid,
(iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with the first and second chambers, and leading to the mouth end,
(v) a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the third chamber, wherein the fourth chamber contains a flavoring and wherein the fourth chamber further contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of water and alcohol, and
(vi) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device,
wherein a nicotine vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
wherein an acid vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, and
wherein the nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out the mouth end.

9. An aerosol generator device for delivering an aerosol of a nicotine salt, comprising:
(i) a mouth end and a basic compound in an amount effective to remove acid vapor in the aerosol in the mouth end;
(ii) a first chamber containing a porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
(iii) a second chamber containing a porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid,
(iv) a third chamber in fluid communication with the first and second chambers, and leading to the mouth end,
(v) a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the third chamber, wherein the fourth chamber contains a flavoring, and
(vi) an outer housing defining a passageway for air through said device,
wherein a nicotine vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with liquid nicotine,
wherein an acid vapor can be produced by passing air through the porous material wetted with a solution of a volatile acid, and
wherein the nicotine vapor and the acid vapor can be admixed in the third chamber to form an aerosol of a nicotine salt, which can be drawn out the mouth end.

10. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the basic compound is calcium carbonate.

11. An aerosol generator of claim 1, further comprising a fourth chamber in fluid communication with the third chamber, wherein the fourth chamber contains a flavoring and wherein the flavoring is menthol.

12. An aerosol generator of claim 1, where the aerosol generator contains about 1 to 50 mg of nicotine.

13. An aerosol generator of claim 1, where the aerosol generator contains about 1 to 20 mg of nicotine.

14. An aerosol generator of claim 1, where the aerosol generator delivers an inhalation volume of about 10 to 1000 cc per each puff or draw.

15. An aerosol generator of claim 1, where the aerosol generator delivers an inhalation volume of about 35 to 350 cc per each puff or draw.

16. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the aerosol of the nicotine salt has a MMAD of about 0.1 to 10 microns in size.

17. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the aerosol of the nicotine salt has a MMAD of about 0.1 to 3 microns in size.

18. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the volatile acid in the second chamber is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and sulphuric acid.

19. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the form of the liquid nicotine is (i) a racemic mixture, (ii) an unequal amount of the D and L isomers, (iii) substantially the D isomer or (iv) substantially the L isomer.

20. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein the form of the nicotine is substantially the L isomer.

21. An aerosol generator of claim 9, wherein either the first chamber or the second chamber further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a viscosity agent, an antioxidant and a preservative.

22. An aerosol generator of claim 9, where the aerosol generator contains about 1 to 50 mg of nicotine.

23. An aerosol generator of claim 9, where the aerosol generator contains about 1 to 20 mg of nicotine.

24. An aerosol generator of claim 9, where the aerosol generator delivers an inhalation volume of about 10 to 1000 cc per each puff or draw.

25. An aerosol generator of claim 9, where the aerosol generator delivers an inhalation volume of about 35 to 350 cc per each puff or draw.