U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Horticultural Crops Research Unit: Corvallis, OR
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    Other
                        History
                                    Useful Links
                    HortHappenings News PageSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Pacific West Area Corvallis, Oregon Horticultural Crops Research Unit Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Lee, Jungminitem
                                            SKINKIS, PATRICIA - Oregon State University
  Submitted to: Food Chemistry
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/7/2013
                                    Publication  Date: 3/15/2013
                                    Citation: Lee, J., Skinkis, P.A. 2013. Oregon 'Pinot noir' grape anthocyanin enhancement by early leaf removal. Food Chemistry. 139:893-901.Interpretive Summary: ‘Pinot noir’ grapes are a high value crop in Oregon. Oregon winegrape growers start removing leaves anytime between fruit set and véraison (onset of ripening) with the assumption that this management practice will improve microclimate around the cluster, prevent pest incident/severity, improve spray permeation, and reduce the amount of pesticide used. However, there are direct and indirect consequences on vine growth and berry quality due to this practice. We were the first to demonstrate that if Oregon winegrape growers desire to reach high berry pigment levels, they should remove leaves at bloom and maintain a free leaf zone up until harvest. Other fruit maturity indices were not altered by early leaf removal.
                                Technical Abstract:  Complete cluster zone leaf removal of ‘Pinot noir’ was initiated at three separate pre-véraison growth stages (bloom, grain-pea size, and bunch closure) and maintained leaf free until harvest for four growing seasons (2008-2011). Fruit anthocyanin composition was examined at harvest for the last two vintages (2010 and 2011) and compared to a control- no cluster zone leaf removal. Experiments were conducted at two commercially operating Oregon vineyards (site A= 420 rootstock/‘Pinot noir’ 115 scion and site B= 3309C rootstock/‘Pinot noir’ 777 scion). All clusters contained the five anthocyanins typically found in ‘Pinot noir’. Leaf removal at bloom and maintained until harvest produced maximum anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Pinot noir’ grapes (site A= 85.24 mg/100 g and site B= 125.06 mg/100 g), compared to no leaf removal (control; site A= 57.91 mg/100 g and site B= 97.56 mg/100 g). Even leaf removal at bunch closure (last leaf removal initiation period) increased grape anthocyanin (site A= 73.22 mg/100 g and site B= 118.93 mg/100 g) compared to control, but total anthocyanins were lower than grapes from bloom leaf removal (first time period). Results differed slightly by vineyard site and rootstock/scion combination.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov