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Title:   Author  item
                                            ATTARAN, SHIREEN - University Of Californiaitem
                                            Yokoyama, Wallace

                                                         - *Wally*item
                                            Pan, Jamesitem
                                            Berrios, Jose
  Submitted to: Food and Function
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/21/2018
                                    Publication  Date: 8/17/2018
                                    Citation: Attaran, S., Yokoyama, W.H., Pan, J., Berrios, J.D. 2018. Influence of extruded lentil containing high chromium nutritional yeast on the main physiological factors associated with metabolic syndrome in rodent models. Food and Function. 9:5238-5244. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00612A.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00612A                                                              
                                Interpretive Summary: Insulin resistance, obesity and high cholesterol in the blood are main factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The objectives of this study were to understand the effects of diets containing extruded lentil fortified with high chromium nutritional yeast (HCNY) or chromium picolinate on glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose concentrations in Normal and Obese mice and to determine the effects of the diets on the mice plasma lipids. Diets A, B and C contained the HCNY in differing doses and concentrations, as follows: Diet A= 15.7g and 16ppm, B= 157.1g and 16ppm, and C= 299.3g and 27ppm, respectively. Diet D contained chromium picolinate at a dose and concentration of 15.7g and 16ppm, respectively. Blood tests were conducted at 4-weeks and 8-weeks, as well as, plasma lipoprotein profiles and organ weights. Normal mice showed only slight variability with respect to the studied biological parameters compared to the Ob/Ob mice group. Results indicated that following 4-weeks of diet supplementation, Ob/Ob mice fed diets A, C and D had lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) than Ob/Ob mice fed Diet B. However, after 8-weeks Ob/Ob mice fed Diet C, containing the HCNY, had a much lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) than mice supplemented with Diet D, containing chromium picolinate. Therefore, based on these findings, it was concluded that the HCNY at the highest concentration and dose was more effective than chromium picolinate. Ready-to-eat snacks and breakfast cereal type products containing chromium in the form of HCNY could be used for the amelioration of main physiological factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
                                Technical Abstract: Insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia are main factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The objectives of this study were to understand the effects of diets containing extruded lentil fortified with high chromium nutritional yeast (HCNY) or chromium picolinate on glucose tolerance, clearance and fasting blood glucose concentrations in Normal and Obese mice and to determine the effects of the diets on the mice plasma lipid profiles. Diets A, B and C contained the HCNY in differing doses and concentrations, as follows: Diet A= 15.7g and 16ppm, B= 157.1g and 16ppm, and C= 299.3g and 27ppm, respectively. Diet D contained chromium picolinate at a dose and concentration of 15.7g and 16ppm, respectively. Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Tests and Intraperitoneal Insulin Tolerance Tests were conducted at 4-weeks and 8-weeks, as well as, plasma lipoprotein profiles and organ weights. Normal mice showed only slight variability with respect to the studied biological parameters compared to the Ob/Ob mice group. Results indicated that following 4-weeks of diet supplementation, Ob/Ob mice fed diets A, C and D had a significantly (p<0.05) lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) than Ob/Ob mice fed Diet B. However, after 8-weeks Ob/Ob mice fed Diet C, containing the HCNY, had a significantly (p<0.05) lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) than mice supplemented with Diet D, containing chromium picolinate. Therefore, based on these findings, it was concluded that the HCNY at the highest concentration and dose was more effective than chromium picolinate. Ready-to-eat snacks and breakfast cereal type products containing chromium in the form of HCNY could be used for the amelioration of main physiological factors associated with metabolic syndrome.


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