UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

NICOLAE BANEA,

Petitioner,

v.

No. 98-1858

U.S. IMMIGRATION & NATURALIZATION

SERVICE,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order

of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

(A70-867-462)

Argued: October 26, 1998

Decided: December 29, 1998

Before WILKINS and NIEMEYER, Circuit Judges, and

BLAKE, United States District Judge for the

District of Maryland, sitting by designation.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________

COUNSEL

ARGUED: Sandra Lynn Greene, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for

Petitioner. Norah Ascoli Schwarz, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office

of Immigration Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.

ON BRIEF: Frank W. Hunger, Assistant Attorney General,

Francesco Isgro, Senior Litigation Counsel, Office of Immigration
Litigation, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF

JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See

Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Nicolae Banea, a native and citizen of Romania, petitions for

review of the May 1998 decision by the Board of Immigration

Appeals ("BIA" or "Board") denying his motion to reopen and reconsider its October 1997 decision dismissing his appeal from the immigration judge's denial of his application for asylum and withholding

of deportation. Finding no abuse of discretion, we affirm.

Banea was born in Tulcea, Romania, on June 24, 1954. He arrived

in the United States through the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as a

stowaway on June 8, 1994. In his application for asylum, completed

on July 8, 1994, Banea claimed that he and his family had been mistreated by Romanian authorities on the basis of his"anti-government

opinions." App. 196. Specifically, Banea explained that in 1961 his

father had been arrested and beaten for refusing to sign over his property to the communist regime and that in 1984 he (Banea) had been

forced to become a police informant in exchange for permission to

leave the country to work in Iraq. Banea's application also revealed,

however, that between 1990 and 1994 he had traveled to Germany,

France, and Turkey, returning three times to Romania without incident, and that in response to the question, "What do you think would

happen to you if you returned to your home country?" Banea

answered: "Nothing will happen to me." App. 196.

In March 1995, Banea's application for asylum was denied by an

asylum officer, and he was placed in INS detention and scheduled for

repatriation. The BIA denied Banea's appeal from the asylum offi-

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cer's decision in June 1995. After the United States District Court for

the Eastern District of Pennsylvania ordered that Banea receive a

hearing before an immigration judge ("IJ"), a hearing was held in Baltimore, Maryland, on October 8 and 22, 1996.

At the IJ hearing, Banea contended that as a result of his anticommunist beliefs, he was harassed by the police and denied opportunities to further his education and pursue his trade. Banea explained

that the "turning point" which triggered his alleged persecution

occurred in 1972, when he set off a homemade bomb in the teachers'

lounge of his high school. App. 165. Banea told the IJ that he had

intended the bomb to serve as a "warning and intimidation for those

[who] were propagating [the] regime." App. 167. Although no one

was seriously injured in the blast, Banea subsequently was expelled

from school and from the young communist party. In addition to the

bombing incident, Banea acknowledged committing two other acts of

political violence in Romania. In 1980, he burned down a stage on

which a government rally was to be held, and in 1989 he destroyed

a pro-Ceaucescu billboard, for which act he was arrested and jailed

for one night.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the IJ denied Banea's application

for asylum and withholding of deportation. The IJ found that Banea

had not shown that there was a reasonable possibility that he would

be persecuted if he returned to Romania and that Banea's act of setting off a bomb in his high school itself constituted an act of persecution barring him from receiving asylum in this country. The IJ's

decision was adopted and affirmed by the Board in October 1997.

Then in May 1998, this court denied Banea's appeal from the Board's

October 1997 decision for lack of timeliness.

In January 1998, Banea moved the Board to reopen and reconsider

its October 1997 decision. The Board, "consider[ing] the case as

though the decision in the case on the record before us had never been

entered," App. 2, denied Banea's motion in May 1998. Banea now

appeals. Banea contends that the Board abused its discretion in denying his motion to reopen and reconsider its October 1997 decision by

(1) failing to conduct an individualized review of his claims, (2) erroneously upholding the IJ's findings concerning Banea's status as a

persecutor and the lack of any basis for Banea's fears of persecution

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upon his return to Romania, and (3) failing to consider adequately

how Banea's medical condition, including his allegedly newly diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder ("PTSD"), affected his ability to

present his case for asylum. We conclude that Banea's motion was

properly denied.

A motion to reopen and a motion to reconsider are"distinct

motions with different requirements." Chung v. INS, 720 F.2d 1471,

1474 n.2 (9th Cir. 1983). A motion to reopen seeks a new decision

based on additional "material" evidence that"was not available and

could not have been discovered or presented at the former hearing."

8 C.F.R. § 3.2(c)(1). A motion for reconsideration, on the other hand,

"asserts that the Board made an error in its earlier decision," Turri v.

INS, 997 F.2d 1306, 1311 n.4 (10th Cir. 1993), and requires the

movant to "specify[ ] the errors of fact or law in the prior Board decision . . . supported by pertinent authority." 8 C.F.R. § 3.2(b)(1). This

court reviews the Board's denial of a motion to reopen or reconsider

for abuse of discretion. See INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 323-24

(1992); Padilla-Agustin v. INS, 21 F.3d 970, 973 (9th Cir. 1994);

Yanez-Popp v. INS, 998 F.2d 231, 234 (4th Cir. 1993); see also 8

C.F.R. § 3.2(a).

Banea's first contention on appeal is that the Board"failed to conduct an individualized review of Petitioner's claims." Pet. Br. 21. We

disagree. It is well-established that in reviewing an IJ's decision denying asylum, "the Board need not write at length merely to repeat the

IJ's findings of fact and his reasons for denying the requested relief,

but, rather, having given individualized consideration to a particular

case, may simply state that it affirms the IJ's decision for the reasons

set forth in that decision." Chen v. INS, 87 F.3d 5, 8 (1st Cir. 1996)

(citing cases). Here, in ruling on Banea's motion, the Board expressly

stated that it had "reviewed the entire record[and] . . . the applicant's

claim" before reaching its conclusion to deny relief "for the same reasons articulated by the Immigration Judge." App. 2-3. We find that

this clearly satisfies the Board's obligation to conduct an individualized review of Banea's case.

Banea's second contention on appeal is that the Board abused its

discretion in adopting the IJ's findings that Banea himself is a persecutor and that he has no objective reason to fear returning to Roma-

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nia. Pet. Br. 26-27. In arguing this point both in his brief and during

oral argument, Banea attempts to relitigate the merits of his original

asylum application. That issue is not before the court, however. See

M.A. v. INS, 899 F.2d 304, 308 (4th Cir. 1990) (en banc) ("a denial

under the reopening regulations must be reviewed with extreme deference"). Even if it were, we must uphold the Board's decision so long

as it is supported by "reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence

on the record considered as a whole," and no reasonable factfinder

"would have to conclude that the requisite fear of persecution

existed." See 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a)(4); INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S.

478, 481 (1992); Cruz-Diaz v. INS, 86 F.3d 330, 331-32 (4th Cir.

1996). In this case, the Board did not abuse its discretion in adopting

the IJ's findings, which were amply supported by Banea's own testimony, by information contained in his application for asylum, and by

information contained in a State Department report detailing Romania's political and human rights condition.

Banea's third and final contention on appeal is that the Board

abused its discretion in failing to consider whether Banea's medical

condition, including his allegedly newly diagnosed PTSD, "affected

his ability to present his case adequately." Pet. Br. 16, 19. Again, we

disagree. In its May 1998 order, the Board expressly addressed

Banea's claim that his heart problems and his alleged PTSD, together

with the headache and discomfort he experienced due to smoking

among other detainees at the detention center the night before the

hearing, affected his ability to present his case effectively to the IJ.

After reviewing the record, the Board rejected Banea's claim, concluding that Banea "was coherent and responsive during his hearing."

App. 3. The Board also noted that Banea's written application for asylum had been completed well before the hearing and"thus was not

affected by his alleged depression and confusion on the day of the

hearing." Id. Furthermore, the only new evidence submitted in support of Banea's medical claim was the curriculum vitae of a psychologist specializing in PTSD and numerous articles describing the

condition. See App. 35-56. Noticeably missing, however, was any

actual diagnosis that Banea himself suffers from the condition. In the

absence of such proof, the Board did not abuse its discretion in refusing to reopen Banea's deportation proceedings. See INS v. Doherty,

502 U.S. 314, 323 (1992).

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Accordingly, Banea's petition for review is denied and the Board's

May 1998 decision is

AFFIRMED.

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