IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT KNOXVILLE

November 10, 2010 Session

KATHY H. WRIGHT v. JAMES CHARLES WRIGHT

Appeal from the Chancery Court for Knox County

No. 147753-2 W. Dale Young, Judge

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No. E2009-01932-COA-R3-CV-FILED-JUNE 30, 2011

In this post-divorce proceeding, the trial court granted the father sole custody and decision making

authority over the parties’ minor children. The mother appealed. We affirm the judgment of the trial

court on all issues. 

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court

Affirmed; Case Remanded

JOHN W. MCCLARTY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which CHARLES D. SUSANO,

JR., and D. MICHAEL SWINEY, JJ., joined.

Thomas F. Mabry, Seymour, Tennessee, for the appellant, Kathy H. Wright.

Craig L. Garrett, Maryville, Tennessee, for the appellee, James Charles Wright.

OPINION

I. BACKGROUND

The parties, Kathy H. Wright (“Mother”) and James Charles Wright (“Father”), were

divorced on the grounds of irreconcilable differences on October 18, 2002. They have three children

-- one adult daughter and two minor daughters.

During the two years following the divorce, the parties’ relationship deteriorated further; on

April 30, 2004, Mother filed petitions to Modify Child Support, for Contempt, and to Modify

Permanent Parenting Plan. Over the next two years both parties filed a flurry of motions against the

The late Judge Young, Circuit Court Judge for Blount County, was sitting by interchange. 1
other. It appears that there were at least three hearings regarding Mother denying Father visitation 2

with his children over holiday breaks. Mother also filed three motions to recuse the trial judge

during this time period. 

The trial court ordered Mother on two separate occasions to comply with the visitation

arrangement of the Permanent Parenting Plan. The record reveals that the trial court ordered the

parties to mediate on several occasions throughout 2005 and 2006 to no avail. 

The trial of this case finally began on June 6, 2007; after a series of hearings, it concluded

on June 9, 2009. On September 11, 2009, the trial court issued its Final Order including thirty pages

devoted to the court’s findings of fact. Mother filed a timely appeal from the Final Order. 

II. ISSUES

Mother’s issues are restated as follows:

1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying Mother’s motion to recuse.

2. Whether the evidence is insufficient and whether the evidence preponderates

against the trial court’s findings regarding custody of the parties’ minor children.

3. Whether the trial court erred in providing for the parties’ 15-year-old daughter to

testify in open court as opposed to in chambers in the absence of the parties and

whether it was error to deny Mother’s motion for a psychological evaluation.

4. Whether the trial court erred in making any orders relative to custody when

Mother raises for the first time on appeal an assertion that there was a pending

juvenile court matter.

5. Whether the trial court erred in regard to an order of June 20, 2008.

6. Whether the trial court erred in denying Mother’s order of protection.

7. Whether the trial court erred in denying the petition for criminal contempt.

8. Whether the trial court erred in denying an emergency petition for modification

of co-parenting.

9. Whether the evidence preponderates against the award of judgment to Father

There is no dispute that there had been a long history of problems relating to the custody

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arrangement.

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against Mother.

10. The “Final Order” should be stayed pending appeal.

11. Whether the trial court erred in its enforcement/modification of the marital

dissolution agreement in light of Mother’s post-trial request that the trial court take

judicial notice pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Evidence 201 of the meaning of “SFR”

(Substitute for Return) of the Federal Income Tax Return of James C. Wright and

Kathy H. Wright for the calendar year 2002.

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the trial court’s findings of fact de novo with a presumption of correctness unless

the evidence preponderates to the contrary. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). We review the trial court’s

conclusions of law de novo without a presumption of correctness. Campbell v. Fla. Steel Corp., 919

S.W.2d 26, 35 (Tenn. 1996).

An appellate court will find an abuse of discretion “only when the trial court applies an

incorrect legal standard, reaches an illogical decision, bases its decision on a clearly erroneous

assessment of the evidence, or employs reasoning that causes an injustice to the complaining party.” 

Francois v. Willis, 205 S.W.3d 915, 916 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006).

IV. DISCUSSION

It appears that Mother did not file the full transcript of the trial; rather, she filed excerpts of

testimony. Clearly excluded are relevant portions of testimony from Mother, Father, and Father’s

current Wife. Significantly, the filings provided do not relate to the issues raised on appeal. As we

noted in Piper v. Piper, No. M2005-02541-COA-R3-CV, 2007 WL 295237 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S.,

Feb. 1, 2007),

[a]n incomplete appellate record is fatal to an appeal on the facts. “This Court’s

authority to review a trial court’s decision is limited to those issues for which an

adequate legal record has been preserved.” . . . This Court has stated:

Where the issues raised go to the evidence, there must be a transcript. 

In the absence of a transcript of the evidence, there is a conclusive

presumption that there was sufficient evidence before the trial court

to support its judgment, and this Court must therefore affirm the

judgment. . . . 

Piper, 2007 WL 295237, at *4 (citations omitted).

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A.

First, it is argued by Mother that the trial judge erred by failing to recuse himself from the

case. 

It is a long standing rule that the recusal decision is within the sole discretion of the trial

judge, and such a decision will not be reversed unless a clear abuse of that discretion is found on the

face of the record. See Moody v. Hutchison, 247 S.W.3d 187, 202 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007); see also

State v. Odom, 336 S.W.3d 541, 575-77 (Tenn. 2011). In the present case, Mother has failed to

provide a record where such evidence of an abuse of discretion can be found. Instead, Mother cites

routinely to her own pleadings and appears to base the entire recusal motion on the fact that the trial

judge decided against Mother. However, Mother fails to consider that “[a]n adverse ruling does not

necessarily indicate bias or prejudice.” State v. Reid, 213 S.W.3d 792, 816 (Tenn. 2006). 

Furthermore, by not providing any relevant citations to the record beyond her own unsworn

pleadings, Mother has failed to comply with Rule 6 of the Tennessee Court of Appeals which states

in part:

(b) No complaint of or reliance upon action by the trial court will be considered on

appeal unless the argument contains a specific reference to the page or pages of the

record where such action is recorded. No assertion of fact will be considered on

appeal unless the argument contains a reference to the page or pages of the record

where evidence of such fact is recorded.

Tenn. Ct. App. R. 6(b). Simultaneously, Mother has failed to comply with Rule 27 of the Rules of

Appellate Procedure which requires that all arguments contain “citations to the authorities and

appropriate references to the record . . . .” Tenn. R. App. P. 27(a). Thus, all “facts” Mother presents

regarding the trial judge’s prejudice will not be considered because “failure to complywith the Rules

of Appellate Procedure and the rules of this Court waives the issue[] for review.” Bean v. Bean, 40

S.W.3d 52, 54-55 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).

B.

Mother approaches three issues with one confusing argument. First, it is argued that the

evidence preponderates against the trial court’s decision to modify the Permanent Parenting Plan in

favor of Father. Then, it is argued that the trial court erred in requiring the minor children to testify

in open court. This argument is combined in a baffling manner with the argument that it was an error

for the trial court to not order a psychological evaluation for the minor children. Finally, Mother

argues the trial court erred in making any dispositive orders when there was a pending action in the

Knox County Juvenile Court. 

As pointed out by Father, the trial court made a detailed finding of fact within its Final Order

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regarding the testimony of all three daughters. The court explained that it did not allow the minor

children to testify in chambers because “[Mother’s] attorney has exercised a considerable degree of

contact with the children. Also, it appears that [Mother] has manipulated the children as to their

testimony.” Based on the limited record before us, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s

ruling regarding the testimony of the minor children. 

Mother has failed to submit substantial portions of transcript that would pertain to the

custody issue. Without a complete and accurate record, we cannot determine if the evidence

preponderates against the findings of fact and conclusions of law that a material change of

circumstances had occurred supporting the change in custody and revised parenting schedule. We

are, therefore, required to presume that the evidence supports the factual findings enumerated in the

Final Order. Bishop v. Bishop, 939 S.W.2d 109 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996):

Without any evidentiary record, there is no way to determine if the evidence

preponderates against the [Judge]’s findings of fact. Instead, we are required to

presume that the evidence, if it had been preserved, would support the [Judge]’s

factual findings.

939 S.W.2d at 110.

As to the trial court denying the opportunity for the children to have a psychological exam

and a possible conflicting court action in the Knox County Juvenile Court, Mother has neglected 

to address either issue in any material fashion whatsoever. There are no citations to any relevant

aspects of the record, and there is absolutely no citation to authority pertaining to these issues. 

“[T]his Court is under no duty to blindly search the record in order to find . . . evidence to

support [Mother’s arguments].” Pearman v. Pearman, 781 S.W.2d 585, 588 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1989)

(citations omitted). Thus, having again failed to comply with Rule 6 of the Tennessee Court of

Appeals and with Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure, the above issues are waived. Tenn.

R. App. P. 27; Tenn. Ct. App. R. 6.

C.

For her fifth issue, Mother contends that the trial court erred by making a sua sponte order

on June 20, 2008. This issue relates to whether the trial court could dismiss Mother’s filing before

the Referee to set child support. Mother scheduled the child support matter after the trial had already

commenced.

Mother’s argument contains neither citation to the record nor to anylegal authorityto support

setting aside the order. Mother makes several statements in her argument claimed to be facts, but

these are completely unsupported by the record. Statements standing alone in briefs are not

evidence. Outpatient Diagnostic Ctr. v. Christian, No. 01A01-9510-CV-00467, 1997 WL 210842,

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at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., Apr. 30, 1997). Mother cannot expect this court to create her argument

wholesale for her when the court is provided only a piecemeal tapestry of the trial court’s actions. 

Sneed v. Bd. of Prof’l Responsibility of SupremeCourt, 301 S.W.3d 603, 615 (Tenn. 2010). We find

no evidence to show that the trial court abused its discretion in its ruling. Further, we consider this

issue waived pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Tenn. R. App. P. 27; Bean,

40 S.W.3d at 54-55.

D.

Mother next attempts to argue that the trial court erred in denying three motions: an Order

of Protection, a Petition for Criminal Contempt, and an Emergency Petition for Modification of

Co-Parenting. In a continuing example of the deficiency of Mother’s brief, these issues are entirely

unsupported by citations to the record or to any authority. She has filed no transcript or evidence

from any hearings. Mother “cannot expect this court to do [her] work for [her]. This Court is under

no duty to verify unsupported allegations[,] . . . or for that matter [to] consider issues raised but not

[supported byargument].” Bean, 40 S.W.3d at 56. Having again failed to complywith the applicable

rules, these issues are waived. Tenn. R. App. P. 27; Tenn. Ct. App. R. 6.

E.

Mother next argues that the evidence preponderates against the judgment awarded to Father

and that the Final Order of the trial court should be stayed pending this appeal. Although the

argument is that the evidence is against the weight of the judgment, Mother cites only to her own

pleadings. Unsworn pleadings are not evidence. Outpatient Diagnostic Ctr., 1997 WL 210842, at

*2. There is no argument whatsoever presented for why the trial court’s orders should be stayed. 

Both issues are therefore without merit. 

F.

Mother’s final two issues state that the trial court erred in its manner of enforcement of the

2002 Marital Dissolution Agreement and that it failed to take appropriate notice of the meaning of

Substitute for Return regarding Father’s 2002 tax return. As the only relevant citations are to

unsupported pleadings which cannot contradict any of the trial court’s detailed findings of fact, these

issues are also waived. Tenn. R. App. P. 27; Tenn. Ct. App. R. 6; Sneed, 301 S.W.3d at 615.

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V. CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed due to the incomplete appellate record. Costs of

the appeal are assessed to the appellant, Kathy H. Wright.

_________________________________

JOHN W. McCLARTY, JUDGE

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