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Title:   Author  item
                                            Schrader, Kevinitem
                                            Cantrell, Charlesitem
                                            MAMONOV, LEONID - Institute Of Plant Biology And Biotechnologyitem
                                            KUSTOVA, TATYANA - Institute Of Plant Biology And Biotechnology
  Submitted to: Journal of Microbiology Research
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/20/2013
                                    Publication  Date: 12/12/2013
                                    Citation: Schrader, K., Cantrell, C.L., Mamonov, L.K., Kustova, T.S. 2013. Bioassay-directed isolation and evaluation of Harmine from the terrestrial plant Peganum harmala L. for antibacterial activity against Flavobacterium columnare. Journal of Microbiology Research. 3(6):255-260.Interpretive Summary: Common bacterial diseases of pond-raised channel catfish cause extreme economic losses to producers annually.  A natural compound isolated from the extract obtained from a plant found in the Republic of Kazakhstan was found to possess significant antibacterial activities against a type of bacteria that causes disease in channel catfish.
                                Technical Abstract: The antibacterial activities of crude extracts obtained from the aerial portions and roots of Peganum harmala L. were evaluated against the common fish pathogenic bacteria species Edwardsiella ictaluri, Flavobacterium columnare, and Streptococcus iniae using a rapid bioassay. Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease in pond-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are caused by E. ictaluri and F. columnare, respectively, while S. iniae can cause streptococcosis in freshwater fish. The ethanol extract of the roots of P. harmala was found to be the most active against F. columnare, with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 16 mg/L and a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 10.0 mg/L. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract resulted in the isolation of harmine (7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) as the active compound, with an IC50 of 3.8 mg/L and MIC of 10.0 mg/L. Harmine appears to be promising for evaluation of toxicity towards channel catfish and for efficacy studies to determine its potential use in managing columnaris disease in pond-raised channel catfish.


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