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Title:   Author  item
                                            Schrader, Kevinitem
                                            Harries, Marcusleneitem
                                            Darwish, Ahmed
  Submitted to: Aquaculture Research
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/27/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 1/9/2013
                                    Citation: Schrader, K., Harries, M.D., Darwish, A.M. 2013. In vitro comparisons of the inhibitory activity of florfenicol copper sulfate and potassium permanganate towards Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare. Aquaculture Research. 44:212-219.Interpretive Summary: Copper sulfate, florfenicol, and potassium permanganate were evaluated in a laboratory environment to determine their antibacterial activity against two bacteria known to cause common diseases in sunshine bass.  Florfenicol was the most effective against both types of bacteria while copper sulfate was more effective than potassium permanganate.
                                Technical Abstract: Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium columnare, the etiological agents of motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) and columnaris disease, respectively, have been recently causing crippling moralities to the sunshine bass, Morone chrysops female X Morone saxatilis male (Percichthyidae), industry in the United States.  Isolates of A. hydrophila and F. columnare obtained from fish that died during farm outbreaks were subjected to in vitro evaluation of florfenicol (FFC), copper sulfate (CuSO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4).  Florfenicol inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila and F. columnare more than CuSO4 and KMnO4.  The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of FFC was 0.04±0 and 0.2±0.1 mg/L for A. hydrophila and F. columnare, respectively, while the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) for A. hydrophila and F. columnare were 0.23±0.01 and 0.4±0.2 mg/L, respectively.  Copper sulfate was more effective towards A. hydrophila than KMnO4: CuSO4 had a MIC of 83.2±0 mg/L compared to 158.0±0 mg/L for KMnO4.  Copper sulfate was also more effective against F. columnare than KMnO4.  The IC50 of CuSO4 and KMnO4 towards F. columnare were 4.8±0.3 and 8.7±1.6 mg/L, respectively, and the minimum bactericidal concentration of CuSO4 and KMnO4 towards F. columnare were 25.0±0 and >158.0 mg/L, respectively.  In addition, F. columnare was more sensitive to CuSO4 and KMnO4 than A. hydrophila.


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