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Title:   Author  item
                                            Waters, Wadeitem
                                            BUDDLE, B - Hopkirk Research Instituteitem
                                            VORDERMEIER, H - Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA)item
                                            GORMLEY, E - University College - Irelanditem
                                            Palmer, Mitchellitem
                                            Thacker, Tyleritem
                                            Bannantine, Johnitem
                                            Stabel, Judithitem
                                            LINSCOTT, R - Idexx Laboratoriesitem
                                            MARTEL, E - Idexx Laboratoriesitem
                                            MILIAN, F - Forest Research Institute, Agriculture And Livestockitem
                                            FOSHAUG, W - Antel Biosystems, Incitem
                                            LAWRENCE, J - Idexx Laboratories
  Submitted to: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/8/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 11/1/2011
                                    Citation: Waters, W.R., Buddle, B.M., Vordermeier, H.M., Gormley, E., Palmer, M.V., Thacker, T.C., Bannantine, J.P., Stabel, J.R., Linscott, R., Martel, E., Milian, F., Foshaug, W., Lawrence, J.C. 2011. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for use in the detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 18(11):1882-1888.Interpretive Summary: Despite highly successful eradication efforts in several countries, tuberculosis of cattle remains a serious health concern worldwide. In addition, recent outbreaks of tuberculosis in Michigan, Minnesota, California, Texas, Nebraska, Indiana, Colorado, and New Mexico demonstrate that the disease is far from eliminated from the United States. Improved techniques are needed for detection of infected cattle. In this study, a new test was developed and evaluated for the specific diagnosis of tuberculosis infection of cattle. Responses by cattle infected with the tubercle bacillus were distinguishable from responses by cattle infected with closely related bacteria. Additionally, a large number of field samples collected from around the world were evaluated to determine test accuracy. Knowledge obtained from this study will enable more accurate detection of cattle with tuberculosis, thereby, enhancing the tuberculosis eradication program.
                                Technical Abstract: As a consequence of continued spillover of Mycobacterium bovis into cattle from wildlife reservoirs and increased globalization of cattle trade with associated transmission risks, new approaches such as vaccination and novel testing algorithms are seriously being considered by regulatory agencies for the control of bovine tuberculosis. Serologic tests offer opportunities for identification of M. bovis infected animals not afforded by current diagnostic techniques. The present study describes assay development and field assessment of a new commercial ELISA that detects antibody to M. bovis antigens MPB83 and MPB70 in infected cattle. Pertinent findings include: specific antibody responses were detected ~90 -100 days after experimental M. bovis challenge, minimal cross-reactive responses were elicited by infection / sensitization with non-tuberculous Mycobacteria spp., and the apparent sensitivity / specificity of the ELISA with naturally infected cattle was 63% / 98 % respectively, with sensitivity improving as disease severity increased. The ELISA also detected infected animals missed by the routine tuberculin skin test and antibody was detectable in bulk tank milk samples from M. bovis-infected dairy herds. A high throughput ELISA could be adapted as a movement, border, or slaughter surveillance test, as well as a supplemental test to tuberculin skin testing.


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