U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Virus and Prion Research: Ames, IA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Ames, Iowa National Animal Disease Center Virus and Prion Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Loving, Crystalitem
                                            Baker, Amyitem
                                            Brockmeier, Susanitem
                                            GAUGER, PHILLIP - Iowa State Universityitem
                                            PEREZ, DANIEL - University Of Marylanditem
                                            KHURANA, SURENDE - Food And Drug Administration(FDA)item
                                            GOLDING, HANA - Food And Drug Administration(FDA)
  Submitted to: Gordon Research Conference Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/13/2011
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Endemic strains of influenza A virus (IAV) in North America pigs consist of the subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. These circulating strains contain the triple reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette resulting from incorporation of genes from swine, avian, and human IAV's. Genetic drift and reassortment have resulted in four H1 phylogenetic clusters and all currently co-circulate in US swine. Inactivated IAV vaccines do not provide adequate protection to heterologous homosubtypic IAV, nor heterosubtypic IAV and may even lead to vaccine associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). In pigs, vaccination with an inactivated H1N2 IAV (MN08) resulted in enhanced disease following challenge with pandemic H1N1 IAV (CA09). Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1 and IL-6 in the lungs were significantly increased in the VAERD group, whereas the antiviral cytokine IFNa was significantly decreased in the VAERD group. There was no detectable antibody to the HA1 region of CA09 following vaccination with inactivated MN08, though there was cross-reactive antibody to the HA2 region that could increase infectivity of CA09. Interestingly, this enhancement does not occur following vaccination with a modified-live MN08 IAV. IAV in pigs predisposes to secondary bacterial infection with Haemophilus, regardless of VAERD. With the continued emergence of unique antigenic subtypes the need for an effective IAV vaccine in pigs remains high, and control of bacterial infection and spreading is critical when IAV outbreaks occur.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov