IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 14-1970

Filed January 28, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF J.G. and J.G., 

Minor Children,

J.G., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Gary K, 

Anderson, District Associate Judge. 

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his two children. 

AFFIRMED.

Roberta J. Megel, State Public Defender’s Office, Council Bluffs, for 

appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, Matthew Wilber, County Attorney, and Dawn M. Landon, 

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee.

Maura C. Goaley, Council Bluffs, for mother.

Phil R. Caniglia, Council Bluffs, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor 

children.

Considered by Mullins, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ.
2

BOWER, J.

A father appeals from the termination of his parental rights to his two 

children.1 The father claims the State failed to prove by clear and convincing 

evidence the circumstances that led to the initiation of these proceedings no 

longer exist, as he is now employed, has consistent housing, and is no longer 

using illegal substances. We find the State proved by clear and convincing 

evidence the father’s rights to his two children should be terminated. We affirm 

the juvenile court order. 

I. BACKGROUND FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

The children, J.G. and J.G., were born in 2011 and 2012, respectively. 

The Department of Human Services (DHS) began working with the mother and 

father in August 2013, due to issues with substance abuse and lack of 

employment and housing. The DHS offered the parents chemical dependency 

evaluations and recommendations; family support; family safety, risk, and 

permanency (FSRP) services; and case management. Due to lack of 

compliance and follow-through with the DHS services, the State filed a child-inneed-of-assistance (CINA) petition on October 11, 2013. On October 18, a 

temporary removal hearing was held. Both parents admitted to using marijuana. 

The court also noted the father had failed to follow through with various 

appointments. The court found, based on the parents’ noncompliance with 

services and demonstrated inability to care for the children, the children were at 

risk of harm and removed them from the parents’ custody.

 

1 The mother does not appeal. 
3

In November, a CINA adjudicatory hearing was held. The court made 

similar findings to those made in the temporary removal hearing. The court 

found the children were CINA pursuant to Iowa Code sections 232.2(6)(c)(2), (g), 

(n), and (o) (2013). A dispositional hearing was held in December, and the father 

did not appear. The court found the father was inconsistent in meeting with the 

FSRP provider and the father did not have a permanent address or a phone 

number. The father also had not provided any drug screens. Although he 

claimed to have completed a chemical dependency evaluation, the DHS reported 

it had not received an updated evaluation of the father, and the father was not 

attending treatment as he reported. Finally, the court noted little progress had 

been made by the parents towards reunification with the children. The court 

ordered that the children should remain out of their parents’ custody. 

A termination hearing was held on September 22, 2014. An order was 

issued on November 12, terminating the father’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa 

Code sections 232.116(1)(d), (e), (h), (i), and (l). In support of its order, the court 

generally cited the father’s failure to provide any proof of chemical dependency 

treatment, his lack of participation in random drug screens, and his lack of 

cooperation with services. The father now appeals. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW 

Our review of termination decisions is de novo. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 

40 (Iowa 2010). We give weight to the juvenile court’s findings, especially 

assessing witness credibility, although we are not bound by them. In re D.W., 

791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). An order terminating parental rights will be 
4

upheld if there is clear and convincing evidence of grounds for termination under 

section 232.116. Id. Evidence is “clear and convincing” when there are no 

serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness of the conclusions of law 

drawn from the evidence. Id. 

III. DISCUSSION 

Iowa Code chapter 232, concerning the termination of parental rights, 

follows a three-step analysis. P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39. The court must first 

determine whether a ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been 

established. Id. If a ground for termination has been established, the court must

apply the best-interest framework set out in section 232.116(2) to decide if the 

grounds for termination should result in termination of parental rights. Id. Finally, 

if the statutory best-interest framework supports termination of parental rights, 

the court must consider if any of the statutory exceptions set out in section 

232.116(3) weigh against the termination of parental rights. Id. 

A. Grounds for Termination 

When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one 

statutory ground, we may affirm the order on any ground we find supported by 

the record. D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707. Under section 232.116(1)(e), termination 

may be ordered if the child was adjudicated a CINA, the child has been removed 

from the parents’ physical custody for a period of at least six consecutive months, 

and “[t]here is clear and convincing evidence that the parents have not 

maintained significant and meaningful contact with the child during the previous 

six consecutive months and have made no reasonable efforts to resume care of 
5

the child despite being given the opportunity to do so.” Iowa Code § 

232.116(1)(e). The father claims the State failed to prove by “clear and 

convincing evidence” all three prongs of 232.116(1)(e) were met. He specifically 

claims there is not “clear and convincing evidence” he has not maintained 

“significant and meaningful contact” with the children. 

We agree with the court that termination of the father’s parental rights is 

proper. Clear and convincing evidence shows the father has not substantially 

remedied the circumstances that led to the initial adjudication. Over the course of 

this proceeding, the father has failed to maintain consistent visitation with the 

children. From November 21, 2013, through February 7, 2014, the father had no 

contact with the children. From February through May, the father had four visits 

with the children. Recently, from July through September the father had more 

visits with the children. While the father has shown some improvement in 

attending the scheduled visitations, we agree with the juvenile court the children 

deserve permanency now and should not have to wait for their father to 

demonstrate he might be able to parent them at some point in the future. See In 

re D.S., 806 N.W.2d 458, 474 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011) (“We will not gamble with a 

child’s future by asking him to continuously wait for a stable biological parent, 

particularly at such a tender age.”). Additionally, while the father claims he is 

currently employed, he has failed to provide pay stubs as proof of his 

employment. The father has also failed to respond to the other services offered 

by the DHS. The father has only completed one drug test, which was positive for 

marijuana at twelve times the cutoff level for a positive drug test. He has failed to
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provide any proof of his claimed chemical dependency treatment. The father has 

not found a residence to call his own.

2

 

For these reasons, we find there is “clear and convincing evidence” the 

father has not maintained “significant and meaningful contact” with the children. 

Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(e)(3). We find clear and convincing evidence supports the 

termination of the father’s parental rights. 

B. Best Interests of the Child

Even if a statutory ground for termination is met, a decision to terminate 

must still be in the best interests of a child after a review of section 232.116(2). 

P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 37. In determining the best interests of the child, we give

primary consideration to “the child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering 

the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and 

emotional conditions and needs of the child.” See Iowa Code § 232.116(2). For 

the reasons listed above, we find it is in the best interests of the children to 

terminate the father’s parental rights.

IV. CONCLUSION 

There is clear and convincing evidence that grounds for termination exist 

under section 232.116(1)(e), termination of the father’s parental rights is in the 

children’s best interests pursuant to section 232.116(2), and no consequential 

factor weighing against termination in section 232.116(3) requires a different 

conclusion. Accordingly, we affirm termination of the father’s parental rights. 

AFFIRMED.

 

2 The father currently lives with his mother. The father has testified his mother’s house is 

not suitable for the children.