COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Judges Humphreys, Haley and Petty 

Argued at Salem, Virginia 

JAMES HENRY MULLINS 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION*

 BY 

v. Record No. 1728-06-3 JUDGE JAMES W. HALEY, JR. 

 JUNE 5, 2007 

BIG LAUREL MINING AND NATIONAL 

 UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF 

 PITTSBURGH 

 FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION 

 D. Allison Mullins (Lee & Phipps, P.C., on brief), for appellant. 

 Brian J. Rife (Penn, Stuart & Eskridge, on brief), for appellees. 

 James Henry Mullins (“appellant”) maintains the evidence is insufficient to support the 

decision of the Workers’ Compensation Commission (“the commission”): (1) that he unjustifiably 

refused selective employment offered by his employer; and (2) that he failed to make a reasonable 

effort to market his residual work capacity after leaving employment. We find the evidence 

sufficient to support the first determination by the commission, and, consistent with the undisputed 

facts, conclude we need not address the second. 

I. 

FACTS

 Appellant injured his left shoulder on April 13, 2004, while working as a roof-bolter in a 

coal mine. That work involved drilling an overhead hole in the mine roof, inserting a resin tube in 

 *

 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 
- 2 - 

the hole, and then wrenching a roof bolt into the resin. Necessarily, the work required one to reach 

overhead and lift more than 25 pounds. 

 By agreement with his employer, Big Laurel Mining (“employer”), appellant was awarded 

temporary total and temporary partial disability benefits for various periods of time, ending 

December 14, 2004. On June 13, 2005, appellant filed a claim alleging a change in condition and 

seeking benefits from April 25, 2005, and continuing. Employer defended on the grounds that 

appellant had refused selective employment and failed to market his residual work capacity. A 

hearing was held before a deputy commissioner on September 6, 2005. The evidence adduced was 

essentially uncontradicted. 

 Reports from appellant’s attending physician, Dr. T. Lisle Whitman (“Dr. Whitman”), 

stated: (1) on January 19, 2005, appellant could return to work, restricted by working only “at chest 

level and below,” and lifting “no more than 5 pounds with the left arm”; (2) on February 14, 2005, 

appellant had “good strength in the arms. There are no areas of tenderness,” and the earlier 

restrictions were continued; (3) on March 23, 2005: “[F]ull active range of motion, good strength 

below the shoulder level,” and appellant could “work up to shoulder level in any job”; and, (4) on 

April 6, 2005: “Permanent restrictions include no work over shoulder level with the left arm, no 

lifting greater than 25 pounds with the left arm.” In this final report, Dr. Whitman also advised, “I 

cannot find a physical cause for his current complaints . . . .” By letter dated August 26, 2005, 

Dr. Whitman stated that he found no “objective basis for [appellant’s] current complaints of pain.” 

 Charles Barnette (“Barnette”), appellant’s shift supervisor, testified that between January 

2005, and April 5, 2005, appellant was given work as a “general outside man,” which was not an 

actual job position, but involved answering phones, checking communications, “clean-up of the 

change room,” sweeping out the office, etc. On April 5, 2005, Barnette asked appellant to run the 

shuttle car. Barnette testified he was aware of appellant’s work restrictions: “No lifting his arm 
- 3 - 

above shoulder height on his left arm and nothing over 25 pounds.” On direct examination, the 

following exchange occurred: 

Q. [W]as there anything in the shuttle car job that [appellant] tried 

that would have been over those restrictions? 

A. No. 

* * * * * * * 

Q. And would that job still be available for him to work to this day? 

A. Yes. 

 Appellant ran the shuttle car off and on for three weeks, but, as will be set forth below, later 

claimed he could not continue. On April 25, 2005, the last day appellant worked, he was again 

asked to run the shuttle car but again said he could not do the job. 

 At the hearing, appellant testified he was “pretty sure” that Dr. Whitman had a job 

description for the shuttle car. He stated that he remembered discussing the job with Dr. Whitman 

on April 22, 2005. Appellant was aware of his work restrictions, and testified: “[N]othing over 

shoulder level . . . and nothing over 25 pounds. . . . [N]o overhead work.” Appellant further testified 

he could not run the shuttle car because it was “just shaking and vibrating and jarring me too much 

and I couldn’t stand the pain . . . .” He later explained, “It shook and beat and banged too much 

. . . .” Appellant did not testify that operating the shuttle car required any actions proscribed by his 

work restrictions. 

 As noted above, appellant last worked for employer on April 25, 2005. When asked what 

types of jobs he thereafter sought, appellant responded, “Basically the general stuff around 

Clintwood, a few other areas. Lumber stores, hardware stores, even talked to some barber shops 

and things like that . . . .” No evidence was offered as to the names or locations of these businesses. 

No evidence was offered as to the type of work sought, or if it was suitable to appellant’s residual 

work capacity. No evidence was offered as to the time frame in which these inquiries were made. 
- 4 - 

No evidence was offered as to the number of job inquiries, and no evidence was offered as to any 

job applications actually filed. It is undisputed that appellant did not accept any employment 

subsequent to leaving his job with employer. 

 By decision of November 21, 2005, the deputy commissioner found that “the employer did 

offer [appellant] work . . . as a shuttle car operator.” The deputy commissioner stated, “[T]here is 

no evidence that operating the shuttle car exceeded either of the restrictions placed by Dr. Whitman 

. . . that [appellant] would have had to lift more than 25 pounds with his left arm . . . [or] lift his 

arms above his shoulder . . . .” Accordingly, the deputy commissioner found appellant’s refusal to 

accept the selective employment unjustified. 

 The deputy commissioner then concluded that appellant had not met his burden of 

establishing a reasonable bona fide effort to market his residual work capacity. After noting that 

appellant was a high school graduate, had completed college courses, and had a history of security 

work and truck driving, the commissioner wrote: 

 Without knowing the particular businesses that [appellant] 

contacted, the type of employment that might have been available at 

those businesses, and without knowing when these contacts occurred, 

we have no basis for determining when [appellant’s] efforts 

commenced and ended. Particularly, we have no way of judging 

whether these efforts were commensurate with [appellant’s] age, 

education and work background. 

 By decision of June 16, 2006, the full commission affirmed the deputy commissioner, with 

one commissioner dissenting. 

II. 

ANALYSIS

 Code § 65.2-510(A) states in pertinent part that “[i]f an injured employee refuses 

employment procured for him suitable to his capacity” benefits are limited “during the continuance 
- 5 - 

of such refusal, unless in the opinion of the Commission such refusal was justified.” (Emphasis 

added). 

(A) Offer of Selective Employment 

 An employer bears the initial burden of establishing that a claimant unjustifiably refused 

selective employment. Hillcrest Manor Nursing Home v. Underwood, 35 Va. App. 31, 37, 542 

S.E.2d 785, 788 (2001). The employer must establish “‘(1) a bona fide job offer suitable to the 

employee’s capacity; (2) procured for the employee by the employer; and (3) an unjustified refusal 

by the employee to accept the job.’” Id. (quoting Ellerson v. W.O. Grubb Steel Erection Co., 1 

Va. App. 97, 98, 335 S.E.2d 379, 380 (1985)). 

 The Supreme Court of Virginia has explained that, with respect to whether a job offer is 

suitable to an injured employee’s residual capacity, “the tender of limited employment must 

necessarily be based upon informed medical opinion.” Talley v. Goodwin Bros. Lumber Co., 224 

Va. 48, 52, 294 S.E.2d 818, 820 (1982). The Court continued, “[H]owever, where the attending 

physician has specified the limitations in detail and it is obvious that the proffered job fits these 

limitations, it may not always be necessary to submit the job description to the physician for what 

would be merely a ‘rubber stamp action.’” Id. at 52, 294 S.E.2d at 820-21. 

 In the instant case, it is undisputed that the employer offered appellant, and continued to 

offer as of the date of the hearing before the deputy commissioner, a job as a shuttle car operator. 

That work, according to all testimony, did not require appellant to lift more than 25 pounds or raise 

his left arm above shoulder level. Those two work restrictions were the only limitations set forth in 

the evidence, and were acknowledged as such by appellant. The physical requirements of the 

proffered job—as a shuttle car operator—were known to Dr. Whitman. Thus, the tender of 

employment was based upon “informed medical opinion” as to appellant’s residual work capacity. 
- 6 - 

(B) Refusal of Selective Employment 

 “[W]hen the employer . . . establishes that a job offer has been tendered within the residual 

capacity of the injured employee, the burden of persuasion then shifts to the employee to show 

justification for refusing the offer of modified work.” Klate Holt Co. v. Holt, 229 Va. 544, 545, 331 

S.E.2d 446, 447 (1985) (citing Talley, 224 Va. at 52, 294 S.E.2d at 820). See also Ballweg v. 

Crowder Contracting Co., 247 Va. 205, 209, 440 S.E.2d 613, 615 (1994); Clements v. Riverside 

Walter Reed Hosp., 40 Va. App. 214, 222, 578 S.E.2d 814, 817 (2003). 

 As this Court explained in Food Lion v. Lee, 16 Va. App. 616, 619, 431 S.E.2d 342, 344 

(1993) (quoting Johnson v. Virginia Employment Comm’n, 8 Va. App. 441, 452, 382 S.E.2d 476, 

481 (1989)), “[t]o support a finding of justification to refuse suitable selective employment, ‘the 

reasons advanced must be such that a reasonable person desirous of employment would have 

refused the offered work.’” Because “it is impossible to anticipate and legislate every potential 

event” justifying a refusal, DePaul Med. Ctr. v. Brickhouse, 18 Va. App. 506, 508, 445 S.E.2d 494, 

495 (1994), and recognizing the statutory deference to “the opinion of the [c]ommission,” when the 

commission has determined that such an offer was made, and was unjustifiably refused, we will not 

reverse those decisions if supported by credible evidence or reasonable inferences drawn from such 

evidence. Food Lion, 16 Va. App. at 619, 431 S.E.2d at 344. Such decisions are questions of fact. 

Gallahan v. Free Lance Star Publ. Co., 37 Va. App. 114, 118, 554 S.E.2d 685, 686 (2001). 

 The only reason given by employee for refusing the job of operating the shuttle car, a job 

consistent with his restrictions, was that the car’s “shaking and banging” caused him pain. His 

attending physician, however, found “no objective basis” for these complaints of pain. 

 We conclude, as did the commission, that employer made a bona fide offer of appropriate 

selective employment and that appellant unjustifiably refused that employment. Applying the 

standard of review summarized above, we affirm the decision of the commission on this issue. 
- 7 - 

(C) Marketing Residual Capacity 

 Despite appellant’s unjustified refusal of employment, he may still be entitled to benefits if 

he cures that refusal. Clements, 40 Va. App. at 225, 578 S.E.2d at 819. Code § 65.2-510(B) states: 

If an injured employee cures his unjustified refusal by accepting 

employment suitable to his capacity at a wage less than that 

originally offered, the employer shall pay or cause to be paid to the 

injured employee during his partial incapacity . . . a weekly 

compensation equal to 66 2/3 percent of the difference between his 

average weekly wages before his injury and the average weekly 

wage the employee would have earned by accepting the original 

proffered light duty employment. 

 Thus, any “cure” of an unjustified refusal to accept selective employment is predicated upon 

an individual “accepting [other] employment suitable to his capacity.” Here, appellant did not 

accept any employment following his refusal. Therefore, any inquiry as to whether he reasonably 

marketed his residual work capacity is rendered moot. See Clements, 40 Va. App. at 226-27, 578 

S.E.2d at 819-20; Nat’l Linen Serv. v. McGuinn, 8 Va. App. 267, 270-72, 380 S.E.2d 31, 33-35 

(1989). 

 Applying the appropriate standard of review, noted above, we affirm the decision of the 

commission. 

 Affirmed.