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Title:   Author  item
                                            Doll, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            SHARMA, BRAJENDRA - University Of Illinoisitem
                                            PEREIRA, MIRIAN - University Of Brazilitem
                                            SANTOS, GABRIEL - University Of Brazilitem
                                            SUAREZ, PAULO - University Of Brazilitem
                                            Erhan, Sevim
  Submitted to: International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/11/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 8/16/2012
                                    Citation: Doll, K.M., Sharma, B.K., Pereira, M.S., Santos, G.F., Suarez, P.A., Erhan, S.Z. 2012. Production of phosphorous-containing oleochemicals through an epoxide route. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 5:280-285.Interpretive Summary: We have synthesized a new vegetable oil-based compound which has the potential to be a sulfur-free lubricant additive.  Lubricants are used throughout most of our manufacturing industries.  Extreme pressure (EP) additives must commonly be added to lubricants that are used in many high wear applications.  A common additive used for this purpose is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.  Although it is effective, it is no longer allowed in some applications due to its high sulfur content.  The compound reported here is a sulfur-free compound, which is also based on vegetable oil.  It may find its way into many applications, such as flame resistant coatings, but will surely be an effective EP additive that will work well in bio-based lubricants and help increase their use, benefiting both lubricant producers and users.
                                Technical Abstract: Phosphorous was incorporated into the middle of the fatty chain on a methyl ester utilizing an epoxide route.  Methyl oleate was epoxidized and then a catalyzed or uncatalyzed ring opening reaction was performed using dibutyl phosphate in order to synthesize a butyl dioxaphospholane-containing derivative of methyl octadecanoate.  Utilizing a titanium and zirconium oxide catalyst, a yield of 37% is possible.  A similar reaction is possible using bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphate.  However, an aryl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, was not active in these reactions.  These compounds are likely to be useful extreme pressure lubricant additives which will be highly compatible with soybean oil-based lubricants, and is also sulfur and metal free.


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