U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Patt, Joseph

                                                         - *Joe*item
                                            Pfannenstiel, Robertitem
                                            Meikle, Williamitem
                                            Adamczyk, John
  Submitted to: Biological Control
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/30/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 12/1/2012
                                    Citation: Patt, J.M., Pfannenstiel, R.S., Meikle, W.G., Adamczyk Jr, J.J. 2012. Supplemental diets containing yeast, sucrose, and soy powder enhance the survivorship, growth, and development of prey-limited cursorial spiders. Biological Control. 63:237-245.Interpretive Summary: We examined the effects of a food spray mixture called ‘wheast’) and its individual ingredients (sucrose, yeast, and toasted soy flour) on the survivorship, growth, and development of a cursorial spider, Hibana futilis Banks (Anyphaenidae).  Some treatments included eggs of Helicoverpa zea, a favored prey, in limited quantities to mimic prey limitation in a field setting and highlight the relative nutritional contributions of the non-prey ingredients.  Using prey-limited spiders was also useful for determining whether these spiders could be reared on a diet of minimal prey augmented with non-prey food.  Spiders fed either 5 or 15 eggs became prey limited after their first and second molts, respectively.  Spiders fed either only sucrose or only wheast lived as first instar nymphs for weeks, but while sugar-fed nymphs never molted; those fed wheast typically molted two to three times. When wheast was added to the diet, spiders that had fed on as few as 50 eggs could reproduce successfully.  Binary mixtures of sucrose plus either baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen) or toasted soy flour were more effective in promoting growth and development in prey limited spiders than any of the three ingredients alone.  Active baker’s yeast was more effective than dried powdered brewer’s yeast.  These results demonstrate that the concept of using food sprays to promote cursorial spider conservation in cropping systems is feasible.  They also suggest the possibility of devising mass rearing diets comprised of minimal amounts of prey combined with two or three inexpensive, non-prey food ingredients.
                                Technical Abstract: We examined the effects of a food spray mixture (‘wheast’) and its individual ingredients (sucrose, yeast, and toasted soy flour) on the survivorship, growth, and development of a cursorial spider, Hibana futilis Banks (Anyphaenidae).  Some treatments included eggs of Helicoverpa zea, a favored prey, in limited quantities to mimic prey limitation in a field setting and highlight the relative nutritional contributions of the non-prey ingredients.  Using prey-limited spiders was also useful for determining whether these spiders could be reared on a diet of minimal prey augmented with non-prey food.  Spiders fed either 5 or 15 eggs became prey limited after their first and second molts, respectively.  Spiders fed either only sucrose or only wheast lived as first instar nymphs for weeks, but while sugar-fed nymphs never molted; those fed wheast typically molted two to three times. When wheast was added to the diet, spiders that had fed on as few as 50 eggs could reproduce successfully.  Binary mixtures of sucrose plus either baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen) or toasted soy flour were more effective in promoting growth and development in prey limited spiders than any of the three ingredients alone.  Active baker’s yeast was more effective than dried powdered brewer’s yeast.  These results demonstrate that the concept of using food sprays to promote cursorial spider conservation in cropping systems is feasible.  They also suggest the possibility of devising mass rearing diets comprised of minimal amounts of prey combined with two or three inexpensive, non-prey food ingredients.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov