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Title:   Author  item
                                            Zhu, Hepingitem
                                            OZKAN, ERDAL - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Derksen, Richarditem
                                            Reding, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            Ranger, Christopheritem
                                            CANAS, LUIS - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Krause, Charlesitem
                                            Locke, Jamesitem
                                            ERNST, STANLY - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            ZONDAG, RANDALL - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            FULCHER, AMY - University Of Tennesseeitem
                                            ROSETTA, ROBIN - Oregon State Universityitem
                                            JEON, HONG - Dow Agrosciencesitem
                                            CHEN, YU - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            GU, JIABING - Nanjing Agricultural Universityitem
                                            LIU, HUI - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            SHEN, YUE - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            RIOS, ALFREDO - The Ohio State University
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/14/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 8/5/2012
                                    Citation: Zhu, H., Ozkan, E., Derksen, R.C., Reding, M.E., Ranger, C.M., Canas, L., Krause, C.R., Locke, J.C., Ernst, S., Zondag, R., Fulcher, A., Rosetta, R., Jeon, H.Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Liu, H., Shen, Y., Rios, A. 2012. Development of smart spray systems to enhance delivery of pesticides in field nursery production. Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society. Meeting Abstract, August 5-8, 2012, Providence, Rhode Island. #173-P.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Two smart sprayer prototypes have been developed and are being evaluated with a goal of increasing pesticide application efficiency and minimizing environmental impact in field nursery production sites.  The first prototype, a modified hydraulic vertical boom system, utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect size and volume of liner-sized plants, and the second prototype is a air-assisted system utilizing a laser scanning sensor to measure plant structure and foliage density.  Automatic controllers consisting of:  a computer program, signal generation/ amplification unit, pulse width modulated solenoid valves with different algorithms/circuit designs, manipulate nozzles to produce variable-rate outputs based on target characteristics and occurrence in real time.  Field tests comparing standard industry sprayers, using multiple target species, were conducted using spray deposition and coverage as criteria.  Field tests evaluated insect and disease control (powdery mildew on Norway maple and aphids on red oak) and determined no difference between the smart and conventional sprayers.  Laboratory and field tests demonstrated that both of the smart sprayer designs had the capacity to control spray outputs, matching canopy characteristics in real time, with the potential to drastically decrease pesticide usage thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing applicator safety.


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