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Title:   Author  item
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            MARTIN, SCOTT - Medical College Georgiaitem
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            DELAY, SHANDA - Kennedy Associates Consultingitem
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Encyclopedia of Animal Science
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/10/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 11/18/2010
                                    Citation: Callaway, T.R., Martin, S.A., Edrington, T.S., Delay, S.W., Anderson, R.C., Nisbet, D.J. 2010. Rumen microbiology. In: Pond, W.G., Ullrey, D., Kirk-Baer, C., editors. Encyclopedia of Animal Science, 2nd edition. New York, NY: Taylor-Francis Group. p. 950-953.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats are able to digest low-quality fibrous feedstuffs because they maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with microorganisms resident in their forestomach, the rumen.  Ruminal microorganisms are bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that live in an anaerobic consortium that degrades and ferments feedstuffs.  Fermentation end-products, such as volatile fatty acids and microbial crude protein, in turn, provide the animal with usable nutrients.  The rumen is one of the richest and most diverse microbial habitats known, with bacterial populations known to be >10 cells/ml or ruminal fluid.  Ruminal fermentation of feedstuffs is critical to the survival and success of ruminant animals, but is an inherently inefficient process.  Therefore, improving the efficiency of the ruminal fermentation is important in improving environmental quality and producer profitability.


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