COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Clemen ts and Senior Judge Annunziata

JESSIE WAYNE ABELL MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 1795-06-3 PER CURIAM MARCH 13, 2007 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COUR T OF FRANKLIN COUNTY William N. Alexander, II, Judge (Bruce A. Flora, on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief. (Robert. F. McDonnell, Attorney General; Alice T. Armstrong, Assistant Attorney General II, on brief), for appellee. Appellee submitting on brief.

Appellant contends the evid ence was insufficient to convict him of felony failure to appear. We agree, reverse the c onviction, and dismiss the indictment. “On appeal, ‘we review the ev idence in the light most fa vorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth , 26 Va. App. 1, 11, 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth , 4 Va. App. 438, 443, 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)). So viewed, the evidence proved that appellant was

absent for his court date after having been charged with a felony. At his trial for failing to appear, appellant testified that it had been snowing that day, that he did not have a driver’s license, and was unable to find some one to drive him to court. A ppellant testified that he made several attempts to arrange transportation to cour t. He had asked his ex-girlfriend, but she would not drive him because they had recently broken up. He also asked his mother to drive him to the

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opin ion is not designated for publication.- 2 - courthouse, but her license was suspended. Finally, he asked a neighbor, but she was unable to leave her children at home. He then telephoned the Clerk of the Circuit Court, who informed him that there was no way to postpone his case. Code § 19.2-128(B) provides: “Any person (i) charged with a felony offense . . . who willfully fails to appear before any court as required shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.” Moreover, “[w]hen the government proves that an accused received timely notice of when and where to appear for trial and thereafter does not appear on the date or pl ace specified, the fact finder may infer that the failure to app ear was willful.” Hunter v. Commonwealth , 15 Va. App. 717, 721, 427 S.E.2d 197, 200 (1993) (citations omitted). However, [w]hen a criminal offense consis ts of an act and a particular mens rea , both the act and mens rea are independent and necessary elements of the crime that the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Harrell v. Commonwealth , 11 Va. App. 1, 6-7, 396 S.E.2d 680, 682 (1990) (citing Dixon v. Commonwealth , 197 Va. 380, 382, 89 S.E.2d 344, 345 (1955)). Code § 19.2-128(B) requires that the Commonwealth prov e that the accused “willfully” failed to appear at trial. “‘[The] correct application [of willfully] in a particular case will generall y depend upon the character of the act involved and the attending circumstances.’” Lambert v. Commonwealth , 6 Va. App. 360, 363, 367 S.E.2d 745, 746 (1988) (quoting Lynch v. Commonwealth , 131 Va. 762, 766, 109 S.E. 427, 428 (1921)). “Willfully,” as used in Code § 19.2-128(B), has the customary meaning that the act must have been done “purposely, intentiona lly, or designedly.”

Id. Appellant concedes that he r eceived timely notice and did not appear in court, but argues that his failure to appear was not willful. The evidence proved that, lacki ng a driver’s license, he attempted to procure a ride from three people. When he failed to procure a ride, he then telephoned the court in a further a ttempt to rectify the pr oblem. These were meaningful attempts to appear in court and evinced an earnest desi re to conform to Code § 19.2-128(B). As such, appellant’s testimony rebutted the presumption that his failure to appear was willful. The trial- 3 - judge did not state that he disbelieved appe llant’s testimony, only that he found it was not a “valid excuse.” Be that as it may, an invalid ex cuse does not equate to a willful act. For this reason, the trial court erred in finding the ev idence proved beyond a reasonable doubt that he willfully failed to appear.

Reversed and dismissed.