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Title:   Author  item
                                            NAKOANO, HIROSHI - National Agricultural Research Organization - Japan (NARO)item
                                            Schrader, Kevinitem
                                            MAMONOV, LEONID - Institute Of Plant Biology And Biotechnologyitem
                                            KUSTOVA, TATYANA - Institute Of Plant Biology And Biotechnologyitem
                                            MURSALIYEVA, VALENTINA - Institute Of Plant Biology And Biotechnologyitem
                                            Cantrell, Charles
  Submitted to: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/3/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 10/3/2012
                                    Citation: Nakoano, H., Schrader, K., Mamonov, L.K., Kustova, T.S., Mursaliyeva, V.K., Cantrell, C.L. 2012. Isolation and identification of flavobacterium columnare and Steptococcus iniae antibacterial compounds from the terrestrial plant Atraphaxis laetevirens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:10415-10419.Interpretive Summary: Common bacterial diseases of pond-raised channel catfish cause extreme economic losses to producers annually.  Several natural compounds isolated from the extract obtained from a plant found in the Republic of Kazakhstan were found to possess significant antibacterial activities against two types of bacteria that cause disease in channel catfish.
                                Technical Abstract: Columnaris disease, enteric septicemia of catfish, and streptococcosis are common bacterial diseases of certain freshwater fish and are caused by Flavobacterium columnare, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Streptococcus iniae, respectively. Various plants were selected to evaluate, isolate, and identify compounds with toxicity against these bacteria. A promising extract from the aerial parts of the terrestrial plant Atraphaxis laetevirens (Ledeb.) Jaub. et Spach (Polygonaceae Juss.) was selected for bioassay-guided fractionation using a rapid microplate bioassay. The active dichloromethane extract underwent liquid-liquid partitioning, and active fractions were further separated by normal phase column chromatography and normal phase HPLC. Nepodin and emodin were isolated from two fractions with strong toxicities against S. iniae. A chloroform fraction was further separated by normal phase column chromatography to yield two active fractions against F. columnare, and these fractions contained chrysophanol, physcion, and nepodin. Chrysophanol had strong activity and nepodin had moderate activity against F. columnare while physcion and emodin were not toxic at the concentrations tested.


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