# Patent

## Title
Systems and methods to use a digital camera to remotely deposit a negotiable instrument

## Abstract

To deposit a negotiable instrument electronically, a digital image may be used. Systems and methods are described herein that facilitate the use of a digital camera to provide the digital image. A user may capture an image of a negotiable instrument to create a digital image. The digital image may be compressed and saved as a digital image file. The user may then transmit the digital image file to a financial institution, such as a bank, to deposit funds drawn from the account of the negotiable instrument into the user's account. A financial institution may receive digital image files created by a digital camera from account holders and process a deposit request using the digital image file.

## Background
COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND PERMISSION
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document may contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice shall apply to this document: Copyright © 2007 USAA.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related by subject matter to the subject matter disclosed in the following commonly assigned applications, the entirety of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/931,670, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/931,945, each filed on Oct. 31, 2007 and each entitled “Systems and Methods to Use a Digital Camera to Remotely Deposit a Negotiable Instrument.”
BACKGROUND
Upon the passage of the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (Check 21), the use of digital images for check presentment has increased dramatically, as the process typically reduces the time necessary for a check to clear and the cost associated with moving paper checks from location to location. In lieu of using a physical check to clear the check clearinghouse, a scanned image is used in the process. A person, such as a bank teller, scans the physical check upon presentment by a customer at a bank. The scan creates a digital image of the check. The digital image, along with other electronic information such as amount and account holder, is submitted electronically to the federal check clearinghouse system. The system processes the digital image of the check rather than processing the physical check itself.
Banks and other institutions that may process checks have realized significant benefits by using electronic presentment of checks. Along with the reduction of the need to transport paper from the bank of presentment to the federal clearinghouse, a reduction in the processing time has also been realized. At issue when presenting checks electronically is the type of equipment available for use by the depositor and the communication capabilities of the depositor at the time of deposit. For example, a user that wishes to deposit a check by scanning the check and creating a digital image of the check may not have a scanner available for use. Even if a scanner is available for use, the user may not be able to configure their computer system to communicate information to a bank to deposit the check. Thus, the user may not be able to deposit a check, or other type of negotiable instrument, into their account.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In consideration of the above-identified shortcomings of the art, the present subject matter addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and provides for additional benefits through the use of a digital camera to capture a digital image of the negotiable instrument, such as a check, for processing a deposit transaction. The digital camera may be used in lieu of a scanner for capturing an image of the negotiable instrument. The image may be modified to compensate for sub-optimal images. In one exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, a method for depositing funds of a negotiable instrument comprises taking a digital picture of the negotiable instrument, wherein a digital camera is used to take the digital picture. The digital camera then creates a digital image file containing the digital picture. The digital image file is then transmitted along with a request to deposit funds of the negotiable instrument.
In another exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, a method of depositing funds of a negotiable instrument comprises receiving a request to deposit funds of the negotiable instrument and receiving a digital image file of the negotiable instrument. The digital image file comprises a digital image of the negotiable instrument created using a digital camera. The funds from the negotiable instrument are then deposited. Another exemplary and non-limiting embodiment for extracting negotiable instrument information to deposit funds of the negotiable instrument comprises taking a picture of the negotiable instrument using a digital camera to create a digital image and then determining if the digital image is acceptable for use. Information is extracted from the digital image. A communication pathway is opened with a financial institution and the extracted information is transmitted along with the digital image and a request to deposit funds of the negotiable instrument.
Other features of the subject matter are described below.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the subject matter is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustration, there is shown in the drawings exemplary embodiments; however, these embodiments are not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram representing an exemplary and non-limiting computing device suitable for use in conjunction with the present subject matter;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary and non-limiting networked computing environment in which many computerized processes may be implemented to provide the present subject matter;
FIG. 3a is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating an image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 3b is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating another image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 3c is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating a distorted image of a check;
FIG. 3d is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating an image in which the distortion of the image has been at least partially removed;
FIG. 3e is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating the determination of a corner of a distorted image to warp the image;
FIG. 4a is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating a system for using a digital camera for capturing an image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 4b is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating a system for using a cellular phone with an integrated digital camera for capturing an image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 5 is an exemplary and non-limiting flow diagram illustrating the capture and submission of a digital image to a bank for deposit processing;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary and non-limiting flow diagram illustrating the receipt of a digital image for deposit processing;
FIG. 6a is an exemplary and non-limiting flow diagram illustrating a process for deskewing a digital image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 7 is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating the use of a cellular phone to transmit digital image information to a bank;
FIG. 8 is an exemplary and non-limiting apparatus for assisting a user to capture a digital image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 8a is an exemplary and non-limiting electronic alignment aid for assisting a user to capture a digital image of a negotiable instrument;
FIG. 9 is an exemplary and non-limiting system for using remote transmission of a digital image using a cellular phone; and
FIG. 10 is an exemplary and non-limiting screenshot of a text message for use in transmitting a digital image of a negotiable instrument.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Certain specific details are set forth in the following description and figures to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the subject matter. Certain well-known details often associated with computing and software technology are not set forth in the following disclosure to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments of the subject matter. Further, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art will understand that they can practice other embodiments of the subject matter without one or more of the details described below. Finally, while various methods are described with reference to steps and sequences in the following disclosure, the description as such is for providing a clear implementation of embodiments of the subject matter, and the steps and sequences of steps should not be taken as required to practice this subject matter.
Referring to FIG. 1, shown is a block diagram representing an exemplary computing environment suitable for use in conjunction with implementing the processes described below. For example, the computer executable instructions that carry out the processes and methods for providing the subject matter of the present disclosure may reside and/or be executed in such a computing environment as shown in FIG. 1. The computing system environment 220 is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the subject matter. Neither should the computing system environment 220 be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary computing system environment 220. For example a computer game console may also include items such as those described below for use in conjunction with implementing the processes described above.
Aspects of the subject matter are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the subject matter include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
Aspects of the subject matter may be implemented in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Aspects of the subject matter may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media, including memory storage devices.
An exemplary system for implementing aspects of the subject matter includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 241. Components of computer 241 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit 259, a graphical processing unit 229 (GPU), a video memory 230, a graphics interface 231, a system memory 222, and a system bus 221 that couples various system components including the system memory 222 to the processing unit 259. The system bus 221 may be any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus, using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus (also known as Mezzanine bus).
Computer 241 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 241 and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer-storage media and communication media. Computer-storage media includes both volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer-storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by computer 241. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
The system memory 222 includes computer-storage media in the form of volatile and/or non-volatile memory such as ROM 223 and RAM 260. A BIOS (basic input/output system) 224 containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 241, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 223. RAM 260 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 259. By way of example and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates operating system 225, application programs 226, other program modules 227, and program data 228.
The computer 241 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media. By way of example only, FIG. 1 illustrates a hard disk drive 238 that reads from or writes to non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive 239 that reads from or writes to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk 254, and an optical disk drive 240 that reads from or writes to a removable, non-volatile optical disk 253 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer-storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, DVDs, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive 238 is typically connected to the system bus 221 through a non-removable memory interface such as non-removable non-volatile memory interface 234, and magnetic disk drive 239 and optical disk drive 240 are typically connected to the system bus 221 by a removable memory interface, such as removable non-volatile memory interface 235.
The drives and their associated computer-storage media, discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 1, provide storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 241. In FIG. 1, for example, hard disk drive 238 is illustrated as storing operating system 258, application programs 257, other program modules 256, and program data 255. Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system 225, application programs 226, other program modules 227, and program data 228. Operating system 258, application programs 257, other program modules 256, and program data 255 are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 241 through input devices such as a keyboard 251 and pointing device 252, commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball, or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit(s) 259 through a user input interface 236 that is coupled to the system bus 221, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 242 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 221 via an interface, such as a video interface 232. In addition to the monitor 242, computer 241 may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 244 and printer 243, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 233.
The computer 241 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 246. The remote computer 246 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 241, although only a memory storage device 247 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN) 245 and a wide area network (WAN) 249, but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 241 is connected to the LAN 245 through a network interface 237. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 241 typically includes a modem 250 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 249, such as the Internet. The modem 250, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 221 via the user input interface 236 or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 241, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates remote application programs 248 as residing on memory storage device 247. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and that other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
It should be understood that the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the subject matter, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the subject matter. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device generally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs may implement or utilize the processes described in connection with the subject matter, e.g., through the use of an API, reusable controls, or the like. Such programs are preferably implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and may be combined with hardware implementations.
Although exemplary embodiments may refer to utilizing aspects of the subject matter in the context of one or more stand-alone computer systems, the subject matter is not so limited, but rather may be implemented in connection with any computing environment, such as a network or distributed computing environment. Still further, aspects of the subject matter may be implemented in or across a plurality of processing chips or devices, and storage may similarly be affected across a plurality of devices. Such devices might include personal computers, network servers, handheld devices, supercomputers, or computers integrated into other systems such as automobiles and airplanes.
In light of the diverse computing environments that may be built according to the general framework provided in FIG. 1, the systems and methods provided herein cannot be construed as limited in any way to a particular computing architecture. Instead, the subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
Referring next to FIG. 2, shown is an exemplary networked computing environment in which many computerized processes may be implemented to perform the processes described above. For example, parallel computing may be part of such a networked environment with various clients on the network of FIG. 2 using and/or implementing the processes for providing the subject matter of the present disclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that networks can connect any computer or other client or server device, or that computers may be connected in a distributed computing environment. In this regard, any computer system or environment having any number of processing, memory, or storage units, and any number of applications and processes occurring simultaneously, is considered suitable for use in connection with the systems and methods provided.
Distributed computing provides sharing of computer resources and services by exchange between computing devices and systems. These resources and services include the exchange of information, cache storage, and disk storage for files. Distributed computing takes advantage of network connectivity, allowing clients to leverage their collective power to benefit the entire enterprise. In this regard, a variety of devices may have applications, objects, or resources that may use the processes described herein.
FIG. 2 provides a schematic diagram of an exemplary networked or distributed computing environment. The environment comprises computing devices 271, 272, 276, and 277 as well as objects 273, 274, and 275, and database 278. Each of these computing devices 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 may comprise or make use of programs, methods, data stores, programmable logic, etc. The computing devices 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 may span portions of the same or different devices such as personal data assistants (PDAs), audio/video devices, MP3 players, personal computers, etc. Each computing device 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 can communicate with another computing device 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 by way of the communications network/bus 270. In this regard, any entity may be responsible for the maintenance and updating of a database 278 or other storage element.
The communications network 270 may itself comprise other computing entities that provide services to the system of FIG. 2, and may itself represent multiple interconnected networks. In accordance with an aspect of the subject matter, each computing device 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 may contain discrete functional program modules that might make use of an API, or other object, software, firmware and/or hardware, to request services of one or more of the other computing devices 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278.
It can also be appreciated that an object, such as 275, may be hosted on another computing device 276. Thus, although the physical environment depicted may show the connected devices as computers, such illustration is merely exemplary and the physical environment may alternatively be depicted or described comprising various digital devices such as PDAs, televisions, MP3 players, etc., or software objects such as interfaces, communication (COM) objects, and the like.
There are a variety of systems, components, and network configurations that support distributed computing environments. For example, computing systems may be connected by wired or wireless systems, by local networks or widely distributed networks. Currently, many networks are coupled to the Internet, which provides an infrastructure for widely distributed computing and encompasses many different networks. Any such infrastructures, whether coupled to the Internet or not, may be used in conjunction with the systems and methods provided.
A network infrastructure may enable a host of network topologies such as client/server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid architectures. The “client” is a member of a class or group that uses the services of another class or group to which it is not related. In computing, a client is a process, i.e., roughly a set of instructions or tasks, that requests a service provided by another program. The client process utilizes the requested service without having to “know” any working details about the other program or the service itself. In a client/server architecture, particularly a networked system, a client is usually a computer that accesses shared network resources provided by another computer, e.g., a server. In the example of FIG. 2, any entity 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 and 278 can be considered a client, a server, or both, depending on the circumstances.
A server is typically, though not necessarily, a remote computer system accessible over a remote or local network, such as the Internet. The client process may be active in a first computer system, and the server process may be active in a second computer system, the computer systems communicating with one another over a communications medium, thus providing distributed functionality and allowing multiple clients to take advantage of the information-gathering capabilities of the server. Any software objects may be distributed across multiple computing devices or objects.
Client(s) and server(s) communicate with one another utilizing the functionality provided by protocol layer(s). For example, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a common protocol that is used in conjunction with the World Wide Web (WWW), or “the Web.” Typically, a computer network address such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address or other reference such as a Universal Resource Locator (URL) can be used to identify the server or client computers to each other. The network address can be referred to as a URL address. Communication can be provided over a communications medium, e.g., client(s) and server(s) may be coupled to one another via TCP/IP connection(s) for high-capacity communication.
In light of the diverse computing environments that may be built according to the general framework provided in FIG. 2 and the further diversification that can occur in computing in a network environment such as that of FIG. 2, the systems and methods provided herein cannot be construed as limited in any way to a particular computing architecture or operating system. Instead, the subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
The Check 21 Act allows the use of a digital image of a negotiable instrument for processing a negotiable instrument deposit transaction in lieu of using the physical negotiable instrument. The ownership and use of digital cameras for image capture have increased over the past several years. When a picture is taken using a digital camera, the raw digital image information is typically compressed and stored in joint photographics expert group (“JPG” or “JPEG”) digital image file formats, which are functionally the same but with different file extensions, depending upon the software. Digital cameras using other software platforms may compress and save the image using other formats, such as graphic interchange form a (“GIF”), JPEG, Windows bitmap (“BMP”), etc.
A digital camera may also take pictures in a video format, such as the Motion Picture Exports Group (“MPEG”) format. If a digital video is taken, a digital image may be extracted from one of the frames of the digital video and used as a substitution for a single picture. The extraction of an image is not limited to digital video, as pictures taken from plastic video may be used as well.
To extract character information from the digital image, the digital image file may be processed through an optical character recognition (OCR) application. There are generally two OCR methods of extracting information from a digital image file: matrix matching and feature extraction. Matrix matching analyzes the digital image and extracts possible characters. The extracted characters are then compared against a library of characters to determine if there is a match. If a match is determined, a corresponding ASCII character is assigned to the extracted character. Feature extraction, or intelligent character recognition (ICR), uses a process that looks for features such as open areas, diagonal lines, intersections of lines, closed shapes, etc. The application then uses that information and intelligence about the process to extract information. Feature extraction is a more robust analysis but typically requires more processing power than does matrix matching.
For example, FIG. 3a illustrates a digital image of negotiable instrument 300 taken by a digital camera. Negotiable instrument 300 has box 308 which has character “+”310 within the box. The digital image rotation, or skew, is shown to be zero (0), as illustrated by the matching of the borders of negotiable instrument 300 with y-axis 322 and x-axis 320. Because the skew of the digital image in FIG. 3a is negligible, the less robust matrix matching technique may be a technique that may require less computing resources, though the feature extraction may also be used interchangeably.
If the image is skewed, feature extraction may be used to properly extract and recognize characters in the image. FIG. 3b is a digital image of negotiable instrument 300 of FIG. 3a having box 308 with character “+”310 within the box. The digital image has a degree of skew, illustrated by the angle of rotation of negotiable instrument 300 in relation to y-axis 322 and x-axis 320. If the skew is significant, a matrix matching technique may not be useful. For Example, character “+”310 may be interpreted as an “X” rather than a “+”. Feature extraction may also be used, as box 308 may be recognized, but may be limited in the determination of character “+”310. In order to determine the identification of characters in negotiable instrument 300, the skew of the digital image may need to be determined and compensated for prior to character extraction and recognition, as described below.
While skew or rotation may be one way in which distortion of the digital image may occur, if a user that takes a picture of the negotiable image does not position the digital camera in an optimal position, the digital image of the negotiable instrument may be distorted. For example, the digital image may be distorted to a degree so that the shape of the negotiable image is not rectangular, but rather, trapezoidal, as shown in FIG. 3c. The image may be distorted in other manners, and thus, the present subject matter is not limited to a trapezoidal distortion. It should be appreciated that an image may be distorted in ways other than the non-limiting and exemplary trapezoidal distortion. The present disclosure is not limited to any one type of distortion.
FIG. 3c is an exemplary and non-limiting diagram illustrating a distorted image captured by taking a digital picture of check 300. Check 300 has sides 340a-d and corners 350a-d. A significant portion of negotiable instruments used in commerce are rectangular in shape, i.e. the sides of check 300, in the physical embodiment, form a rectangle where two parallel sides are essentially of one length and where the other two parallel sides are essentially of the same or another length. Further, the internal angles of check 300, illustrated by angles 360 and 362, are 90 degrees in the physical embodiment.
As shown, the digital image captured by taking a picture of check 300 does not follow the basic qualities of a rectangle. Rather, the digital image of FIG. 3c illustrates a trapezoidal shape caused by, among other things, a camera viewing angle of a suboptimal position, creating a distorted image. The suboptimal position may occur if the digital camera is not positioned directly above check 300. Sides 342a and 342b, while parallel to each other, are shown to not be equal in length. Sides 342c and 342d, while also parallel to each other, are shown to not be equal in length. Further, because the image is not a rectangular representation of check 300, angles 362 and 360 are not 90 degrees. Thus, if an OCR or ICR feature extraction process were to be performed on the image of FIG. 3c, the information may be erroneous. Further, the image may be distorted to a point that the image may not be acceptable for use within the Federal Check Clearinghouse system, or other check clearings systems that may be implemented.
To remove the distortion, the image may be modified. An exemplary and non-limiting process of removing distortion may be to use a technique called spatial transformation, also known as image warping. In spatial transformation, a pixel in the image of FIG. 3c is mapped or placed into a position in a new image, such as image of FIG. 3d. The process repeats until all or an acceptable number of pixels in the original image are mapped to form an output image, resulting in a warped imaged. The position of the pixel and the relative position of other pixels of an input image to an output image, such as the image of FIG. 3d, may be determined by using geometrically known information. For example, a negotiable instrument, such as check 300, will have 4 corners and sides that are positioned and sized to form a rectangle. Further, the internal angles of check 300 will most likely be essentially 90 degrees. Although the present subject matter uses warping to remove the distortion from an image, it should be appreciated that other methods of distortion removal may be used, and thus, the present subject matter is not limited to any particular type of image distortion removal.
One exemplary and non-limiting way in which image warping may be accomplished may be to use information about the four corners of check 300 to determine new positions of pixels. Although the present subject matter uses the four corners of the image to warp an image, it should be appreciated that other methods of warping an image may be used, and thus, the present subject matter is not limited to using the four corners of an image. Although the four corners of an image, such as the image in FIG. 3c, may be determined upon initial analysis of the image, if the image has colors or features in the body, or the portion of the image within the four corners, of the image, the analysis may be difficult and/or unreliable. Thus, it may be preferable, for the purpose of analyzing the image, to first remove any colors or features within the body of the image.
One exemplary and non-limiting way in which to remove the features in the body of the image is to use the image histogram values to reduce certain image values to essentially null. Although the present subject matter uses the image histogram to remove features in the body of the image, it should be appreciated that other methods may be used, and thus, the present subject matter is not limited to using the image histogram. An image histogram is a graphical representation of the number of pixels across the particular shades of the image. Certain values of the histogram may be essentially zeroed, or floored, so that the image contents may be removed. For example, the values in the histogram resembling black may be floored. Once the features in the body are essentially removed, a convolution filter may be applied to “blank” any features in the body of the check. The remaining features may need to be removed because they may affect the determination of the corners of the image.
After the image has been prepared, the image may be analyzed to determine the four corners of the image. FIG. 3e is illustrative of an exemplary and non-limiting way in which the four corners of the image of check 300 may be determined. For purposes of the following explanation, the determination of corner 388 is explained, though it should be appreciated that the other corners may be determined using the same or a similar process. In FIG. 3e is shown an image of check 300. The image is distorted in a manner similar to the image in FIG. 3c, e.g. the image does not appear to be rectangular in shape. To warp the image, the location of corner 388 is determined.
In one exemplary and non-limiting way in which the location of corner 388 may be determined, the edges of the image of FIG. 3e are analyzed. As shown, the image of check 300 is placed in a geometric frame of reference, represented by axis X and axis Y. A process may start at or near the expected middle of the image and near the origin and determine the left boundary, or side, of the image by analyzing lines of the image, represented by analysis lines 380. The process may continue until going up axis Y until a left boundary is not found, represented by analysis line 386. Because the left boundary was not located when analyzing along line 386, the last analysis line to locate the left boundary is the top of the image, shown by location X1, Y1.
The right side of the image is then analyzed in a similar fashion. To reduce the analysis time, the process may begin at a Y coordinate close to or slightly less than Y1, represented by location X2, Y2. The analysis continues until the top of the image is determined from analysis line 384, represented by location X3, Y1. Although the Y coordinates of the left and right side are shown to be the same, Y1, it should be understood that the top left of the image may be different than the top right of the image. For example, the image may be rotated. The result is that corner 388 is determined to be location X3, Y1.
Once the corners are determined, to warp the image into an output image, such as the image of FIG. 3d, the location of the pixels in the image of FIG. 3e to FIG. 3c needs to be determined. Thus, a qualitative analysis of the distortion of the image of FIG. 3e needs to be determined. One exemplary and non-limiting way in which to determine image distortion is to use the information from the corner determination. For example, the slope of a line between X3 and X2 may be used to determine the amount of distortion. If the image was not distorted, such as the image in FIG. 3d, a slope of a line between X3 and X2 would be infinite, resulting in no distortion along the X axis. Using information from the other corners, or another corner as desired, the distortion of the image of FIG. 3e may be determined. Once the distortion is determined, i.e. the amount of change of the image on both the X and Y axis, the pixels may be mapped to an output image based upon that distortion.
FIG. 4a illustrates an exemplary and non-limiting system for using a digital camera to capture a digital image of a negotiable instrument. An account owner (not shown) has financial account 460 established at bank 430. Bank 430 is configured to process a deposit transaction using a digital image of a negotiable instrument rather than the negotiable instrument itself. The account owner establishes communication pathway 420, which may be through an Internet connection, with bank 430 in anticipation of depositing check 414. The account owner uses digital camera 402 to capture an image of check 414. The digital image is compressed and stored as various file formats, including jpg. The account owner then downloads the digital image to computer 410 and submits via communication pathway 420 the digital image to the bank 430 for processing.
In one exemplary and non-limiting example, check 414 may be a method of payment to a business. In that example, the account owner may be the business owner. In another exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, computer 410 may be associated with a customer of a business that controls account 460. In that example, the customer may transmit an image of check 414 to bank 430 for payment of a debt.
Digital camera 402 may be a standalone digital camera or may be integrated with other electronic equipment, such as a personal data assistant, a web camera, or a cellular phone. FIG. 4b is an exemplary illustration of a system using the digital camera of a cellular phone to capture digital images. As in FIG. 4a, account owner (not shown) has account 460 with bank 430. Account owner uses computer 410 to establish communication pathway 420 with bank 430 in anticipation of depositing check 414 into account 460. Account owner uses the digital camera of cellular phone 405 to capture a digital image of check 414. The digital image is stored in cellular phone 405 after capture.
The account owner then causes the cellular phone 405 to transmit the digital image to computer 410 via a cellular network, illustrated in part by cellular transceiver 448 and network 450. The connection of network 450 with computer 410 may vary, the present disclosure not being limited to any one particular type of connection. For exemplary purposes only, the connection may be via an Internet connection between a cellular network and computer 410. Once the digital image is received at computer 410, the account owner may then transmit the digital image to bank 430 for processing a deposit transaction using the digital image.
FIG. 5 is illustrative of depositing funds of a negotiable instrument, such as a check, using a digital image. The account owner first receives 500 a check and then endorses 502 the check in anticipation of depositing the check into an account. If the check is to be deposited using electronic means, the account owner then takes 504 a digital picture of the check. The account owner may use various types of digital cameras to take the digital picture, as described above. The present subject matter is not limited to any particular type or combination of digital camera or any particular embodiment of a digital camera within an apparatus or system.
After the digital image is taken, the image is transmitted 506 to the user computer. The transmission may occur using various communication means, including, but not limited to, a direct connection to the computer, radio, infrared, Bluetooth®, local area network, wireless network, 802.x, or a cellular connection using a cellular network. The digital image file is created 508 using the digital image. Although shown after transmitting 506 the digital image, the digital image file may be created 508 prior to transmission if the digital camera is configured to have the capability of compressing and storing the raw digital image in a digital image file format. The digital image file is then transmitted 510 to the bank for processing a deposit transaction. The transmission of the digital image file may occur using various transmission means, including, but not limited to, an Internet connection between the bank and the account owner's computer. The present subject matter is not limited to any one or combination of transmission means.
FIG. 6 is illustrative of the receipt and processing of the digital image. The bank will receive 600 a request to deposit a check. The request may be received using various communication means, the present subject matter not being limited to any one or combination of transmission means. The bank then receives 602 the digital image of the check. The digital image may be sent in conjunction with or as a separate transmission from the deposit request. The bank then verifies 604 the digital information.
Depending upon the standards imposed by the Check 21 Act and the bank's own internal image standards, the verification of the digital image may vary. For example, the Check 21 Act may require that the image be of a certain image quality. Although there are several ways in which image quality may be determined, one manner in which it may be done is to perform an OCR operation on the check to determine if at least a portion of the information in the image is determinable. The bank may first attempt to extract and recognize characters within the digital image. Any extracted characters may then be compared to previously known information or information submitted by the account owner in the deposit request. For example, the bank may attempt to find and OCR the magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) line at the bottom of the digital image. If the MICR line is unreadable or the characters identified do not correspond to known and verifiable information, the bank may reject the image.
The bank may also attempt to correct the image if the initial verification process does not yield valid information. Although there may be issues with the resolution and size of the image, a significant portion of images may be deemed less than acceptable because of the skew in the digital image. As discussed previously, skew is the difference in rotation off an axis between a feature in the digital image and the same feature in the physical embodiment of the digital image. The determination of skew of digital images captured using handheld digital cameras typically are computed in 3-dimensions. For exemplary purposes only, the following deskew process uses an x and y axis, though it should be understood that the principles and methods for determining skew in three (3) dimensions use the same principles and are considered to be incorporated into the present subject matter.
To deskew an image, the angle of a reference line within the digital image is determined. More than one reference line may be used as well. The angle of the line or lines is determined using a coordinate system as a reference. For example, one of the lines of box 308 of FIG. 3b may be used. The angle of the line is determined in reference to a set of axes, such as y-axis 322 and x-axis 320 of FIG. 3b. The image is then digitally rotated so that the angle is zero (0), and another attempt at OCR is performed on the image to determine if the rotated digital image is acceptable for use.
When processing a check, there may be useful reference points in the check that facilitates the proper rotation of the image. For example, a check typically has several horizontal lines near the bottom of the check, used by the check writer to sign the check and to note the use of the check. Additionally, checks are typically rectangular in shape. A determination may be made to use the two long edges of the digital image and/or the lines within the check as reference points. If the image is rotated so that the long lines and/or the lines within the check are horizontal, the check image may be properly deskewed. After deskewing, if necessary, the bank may then perform an OCR operation again to determine if information may be extracted, recognized and verified. If the information is verified, the bank may then process 606 the deposit request.
FIG. 6a is an exemplary and non-limiting flow diagram illustrating a deskew process. The image is received 608 by the bank to be used in connection with a deposit transaction. The check image is analyzed 610 and the amount of skew is determined 612. If the skew is determined 614 to be greater than a threshold amount, the image is deskewed 616 and information is extracted 618 from the check. If the skew is determined 614 to be less than a threshold amount, information is extracted 618 from the check.
Because the deskewing process and OCR process may take significant computing resources, a user's computer, such as a home desktop, may not have the processing facilities to handle the computations to verify the digital information. FIG. 7 is illustrative of a system that may facilitate the verification of the digital image information without requiring the user's computer to have the computing resources to handle such an operation. A user (not shown) uses the integrated digital camera in cellular phone 704 to capture a digital image of check 714.
The user causes cellular phone 704 to transmit the digital image to bank 730 via cellular transceiver 706, cellular network application provider 710, and communication pathway 740. Prior to depositing check 714 into account 760, bank 730 may verify the digital image received, determining if the information extracted from the digital image is valid. Bank 730 may use application server 750 to perform the image validation and image correction. By processing the digital image at server 750, the user may not need access to the computing resources that may otherwise be required to verify the digital image.
To possibly reduce the amount of skew and to increase image quality, a user may use an apparatus to help align the negotiable instrument with the digital camera. FIG. 8 is illustrative of an apparatus that may be used to assist in capturing a digital image. Apparatus 804 may be a box (shown in 2 dimensions) that is sized in a manner that allows the user to place negotiable instrument 800 within the box. Apparatus 804 may also have support platform 808, upon which digital camera 810 may be placed. Support platform 808 may be configured to orient digital camera 810 in a manner to reduce any distortion or skewing of an eventual digital image. To take a picture, apparatus 804 also comprises aperture 806, through which negotiable instrument 800 may be visible to digital camera 810.
Because digital cameras today are becoming increasingly technologically advanced, the digital camera may be loaded with software that provides visual aids to the user to assist the user in aligning the camera with the negotiable instrument. A significant number of digital cameras in use today provide an electronic assistance aid to the camera user when the snapshot button on the digital camera, the button that causes the digital camera to take a picture, is partially depressed. The electronic aid becomes visible through or at the camera's viewfinder. The digital camera may be configured to pre-analyze the preview picture and find features of the image for focus purposes. Typically, the camera will analyze the preview picture to attempt to find a person's face, the closest object, or the largest object in the viewfinder.
The digital camera may be configured to analyze the image in the viewfinder to assist the user in aligning the camera. FIG. 8a illustrates a viewfinder configured to provide an electronic alignment aid. A user aligns a digital camera (not shown) so that negotiable instrument 824 is visible within viewfinder 822. The user partially depresses the snapshot button to begin analysis of the image within viewfinder 822. The digital camera may be configured to attempt to find MICR information 826 of negotiable instrument 824. If the digital camera is able to analyze the image and finds MICR information 826, the camera may expose an alignment aid tool to help the user align the check within the camera. For example, alignment aid tool 828 becomes visible within viewfinder 822 when MICR information 826 is found by the digital camera. The user may align the camera to place MICR information 826 within the boundaries of alignment aid tool 828. Thus, when a picture is taken after alignment, any skew or distortion of the digital image of negotiable instrument 824 may be minimized.
With the increasing use of cellular phones today, and because of the increasing integration of digital cameras with cellular phones, there is an increasing likelihood that the digital camera a person may have access to may be the one integrated into their cellular phone. FIG. 9 is an exemplary and non-limiting system using a cellular phone to transmit and communicate digital image information.
In FIG. 9, a user (not shown) has account 960 with bank 930. Another person, such as a business associate, may write check 914 to the user as payment for a past debt or for other reasons. Because of various reasons, the user holding account 960 or the user writing check 914 may not find it efficient or feasible to mail check 914. Thus, the user writing check 914 may take an image of check 914 using the digital camera of cellular phone 944. The user writing check 914 may then transmit the image via cellular network 942 to cellular phone 904 of the user holding account 960. The user holding account 960, after receiving the image, may then transmit the digital image to bank 930 via communication pathway 906, which may include a combination of a cellular network and/or an Internet connection. After receiving the image, bank 930 may process the image for deposit into account 960.
To help facilitate the transaction, the user holding account 960 may send additional information to bank 930. For example, the user may send a text message. A text message for a cellular phone is alphanumeric data transmitted over the cellular network instead of voice data. FIG. 10 is an exemplary and non-limiting screenshot of a cellular phone, such as cellular phone 904 of FIG. 9, showing information that may be sent along with the digital image. Screen 1000 shows text information that may need to be provided to a bank to process a deposit transaction. Text 1002 may be an account number. Text 1004 may be an amount to be deposited. Text 1006 may be a pass code, password, or a personal identification number, which may be used to provide a level of security. The text information may be sent in the same message as the digital image, in a prior message or a subsequent message.
The methods and apparatus of the present subject matter may also be embodied in the form of program code that is transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via any other form of transmission, wherein, when the program code is received and loaded into and executed by a machine, such as an EPROM, a gate array, a programmable logic device (PLD), a client computer, a video recorder or the like, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the subject matter. When implemented on a general-purpose processor, the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique apparatus that operates to perform the functionality of the present subject matter.
While the present subject matter has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments for performing the same function of the present subject matter without deviating there from. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that a variety of computer platforms, including handheld device operating systems and other application-specific hardware/software interface systems, are herein contemplated, especially as the number of wireless networked devices continues to proliferate. Therefore, the present subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
Finally, the disclosed embodiments described herein may be adapted for use in other processor architectures, computer-based systems, or system virtualizations, and such embodiments are expressly anticipated by the disclosures made herein and, thus, the present subject matter should not be limited to specific embodiments described herein but instead construed most broadly.

## Claims

1. A method of depositing funds of a negotiable instrument, comprising:
receiving a request to deposit the funds of the negotiable instrument;
accessing a digital image of the negotiable instrument, wherein the digital image was created using a digital camera;
warping, using a processor, at least a part of the digital image to remove a distortion by:
applying a filter to remove at least one feature within a body of the digital image, wherein the filter is a convolution filter;
determining, after applying the filter, at least one aspect of the digital image; and
mapping pixels of the digital image into an output image based on the at least one determined aspect; and

transmitting the output image in order to deposit the funds from the negotiable instrument.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the negotiable instrument is a check.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises magnetic identification character recognition information, an account number, or a routing number.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises skew information.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein mapping the pixels deskews the digital image based upon the skew information.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital image is received at a financial institution, a cellular network, or a computer used by a depositor of the negotiable instrument.

7. A system for depositing funds of a negotiable instrument, comprising:
a memory; and
a processor in communication with the memory, the processor configured to:
receive a request to deposit the funds of the negotiable instrument;
access a digital image of the negotiable instrument, wherein the digital image was created using a digital camera;
warp at least a part of the digital image to remove a distortion by:
applying a filter to remove at least one feature within a body of the digital image, wherein the filter is a convolution filter;
determining, after applying the filter, at least one aspect of the digital image; and
mapping pixels of the digital image into an output image based on the at least one determined aspect; and

transmit the output image in order to deposit the funds from the negotiable instrument.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the negotiable instrument is a check.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises magnetic identification character recognition information, an account number, or a routing number.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises skew information.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising at least one subsystem that deskews the digital image based upon the skew information.

12. The system of claim 7, wherein the digital image is received at a financial institution, a cellular network, or a computer used by a depositor of the negotiable instrument.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions for depositing funds of a negotiable instrument, the computer-readable instructions comprising instructions to:
receive a request to deposit the funds of the negotiable instrument;
access a digital image of the negotiable instrument, wherein the digital image was created using a digital camera;
warp at least a part of the digital image to remove a distortion by:
applying a filter to remove at least one feature within a body of the digital image, wherein the filter is a convolution filter;
determining at least one aspect of the digital image; and
mapping pixels of the digital image into an output image based on the at least one determined aspect; and
transmit the output image in order to deposit the funds from the negotiable instrument.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the negotiable instrument is a check.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises magnetic identification character recognition information, an account number, or a routing number.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the digital image is included in a digital image file; and
wherein the digital image file further comprises skew information.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions to map the pixels includes instructions to deskew the digital image based upon the skew information.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the digital image is received at a financial institution, a cellular network, or a computer used by a depositor of the negotiable instrument.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one aspect comprises at least one corner of the digital image.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one aspect comprises four corners of the digital image.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping pixels of the digital image into the output image comprises mapping all of the pixels of the digital image into the output image.

22. The system of claim 7, wherein the at least one aspect comprises at least one corner of the digital image.

23. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to map pixels of the digital image into the output image by mapping all of the pixels of the digital image into the output image.