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Title:   Author  item
                                            Baumgartner, Kendraitem
                                            TRAVADON, RENAUD - University Of Californiaitem
                                            ROLSHAUSEN, PHILIPPE - University Of Californiaitem
                                            GUBLER, W. DOUGLAS - University Of Californiaitem
                                            SOSNOWSKI, MARK - South Australian Research And Development Instituteitem
                                            LECOMTE, PASCAL - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (INRA)item
                                            HALLEEN, FRANCOIS - Agricultural Research Council Of South Africaitem
                                            PEROS, JEAN-PIERRE - Institut National De La Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
  Submitted to: Phytopathology
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/1/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 8/15/2012
                                    Citation: Baumgartner, K., Travadon, R., Rolshausen, P., Gubler, W., Sosnowski, M., Lecomte, P., Halleen, F., Peros, J. 2012. Population genetics of Eutypa lata in the major grape-growing regions of the world and historical patterns of viticulture.. Phytopathology. 101:S14.Interpretive Summary: The causal agent of Eutypa dieback of grape, Eutypa lata (Ascomycota), is a destructive disease worldwide. The pathogen has a broad host range, but causes severe symptoms on only a few cultivated hosts (e.g., apricot & grape). To decipher its cosmopolitan distribution, we examined the population genetic structure of 19 geographic samples from grape in four continental regions (Australia, California, Europe, So. Africa), based on analyses of 287 isolates genotyped with nine microsatellite markers. High genotypic diversity in all regions (Gd=0.9 to 1) and absence of multilocus linkage disequilibrium among loci supported the importance of sexual reproduction in all regions. The highest allelic richness (R’=3.9) and gene diversity (H=0.66 to 0.69) were in Europe, namely from coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The lowest genetic diversity was in South Africa (R’=1.6 to 2.9; H=0.2 to 0.6). California, Australia and So. Africa, all of which had lower genetic diversity than Europe, were also characterized by demographic disequilibrium and, thus, may represent founding populations of E. lata. Low genetic differentiation among all samples (DEST=0.2, P=0.001; FST=0.03, P=0.001) suggests that gene flow among continents prevents differentiation. Human-mediated spread of E. lata, possibly via infected plant material (from grape or another host), may have resulted in its current global distribution. High genetic diversity of E. lata in European samples near the Mediterranean Sea may reflect this region’s more ancient history of viticulture.
                                Technical Abstract: The causal agent of Eutypa dieback of grape, Eutypa lata (Ascomycota), is a destructive disease worldwide. The pathogen has a broad host range, but causes severe symptoms on only a few cultivated hosts (e.g., apricot & grape). To decipher its cosmopolitan distribution, we examined the population genetic structure of 19 geographic samples from grape in four continental regions (Australia, California, Europe, So. Africa), based on analyses of 287 isolates genotyped with nine microsatellite markers. High genotypic diversity in all regions (Gd=0.9 to 1) and absence of multilocus linkage disequilibrium among loci supported the importance of sexual reproduction in all regions. The highest allelic richness (R’=3.9) and gene diversity (H=0.66 to 0.69) were in Europe, namely from coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. The lowest genetic diversity was in South Africa (R’=1.6 to 2.9; H=0.2 to 0.6). California, Australia and So. Africa, all of which had lower genetic diversity than Europe, were also characterized by demographic disequilibrium and, thus, may represent founding populations of E. lata. Low genetic differentiation among all samples (DEST=0.2, P=0.001; FST=0.03, P=0.001) suggests that gene flow among continents prevents differentiation. Human-mediated spread of E. lata, possibly via infected plant material (from grape or another host), may have resulted in its current global distribution. High genetic diversity of E. lata in European samples near the Mediterranean Sea may reflect this region’s more ancient history of viticulture.


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