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Title:   Author  item
                                            ZHELJAZKOV, VALTCHO - University Of Wyomingitem
                                            Cantrell, Charlesitem
                                            ASTATKIE, TESS - Dalhousie Universityitem
                                            JELIAZKOVA, EKATERINA - University Of Wyoming
  Submitted to: Journal Oleo Science
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/4/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 3/28/2013
                                    Citation: Zheljazkov, V.D., Cantrell, C.L., Astatkie, T., Jeliazkova, E. 2013. Distillation time effect on lavender essential oil yield and composition. Journal Oleo Science. 62(4):195-199.Interpretive Summary: Lavender is one of the most widely grown essential oil crops in the world. Commercial extraction of lavender oil is done using steam distillation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of the distillation time (DT) on lavender essential oil yield and composition when extracted from dried flowers.  Therefore, the following distillation times (DT) were tested in this experiment: 1.5 min, 3 min, 3.75 min, 7.5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min, and 240 min. The essential oil yield (range 0.5-6.8%) reached a maximum at 60 min DT. The concentrations of specific oil constituents varied with DT.  DT may be used to modify the chemical profile of lavender oil and to obtain oils with differential chemical profiles from the same lavender flowers.
                                Technical Abstract: Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is one of the most widely grown essential oil crops in the world. Commercial extraction of lavender oil is done using steam distillation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of the distillation time (DT) on lavender essential oil yield and composition when extracted from dried flowers.  Therefore, the following distillation times (DT) were tested in this experiment: 1.5 min, 3 min, 3.75 min, 7.5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min, and 240 min. The essential oil yield (range 0.5-6.8%) reached a maximum at 60 min DT. The concentrations of cineole (range 6.4-35%) and fenchol (range 1.7-2.9%) were highest at the 1.5 min DT and decreased with increasing the length of the DT.  The concentration of camphor (range 6.6-9.2%) reached a maximum at 7.5-15 min DT, while the concentration of linalool acetate (range 15-38%) reached a maximum at 30 min DT.  Results suggest that lavender essential oil yield may not increase after 60 min DT. The change in essential oil yield, and the concentrations of cineole, fenchol and linalool acetate as DT changes were modeled very well by the asymptotic nonlinear regression model.  DT may be used to modify the chemical profile of lavender oil and to obtain oils with differential chemical profiles from the same lavender flowers. DT must be taken into consideration when citing or comparing reports on lavender essential oil yield and composition.


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