U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Virus and Prion Research: Ames, IA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Ames, Iowa National Animal Disease Center Virus and Prion Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Baker, Amyitem
                                            Harland, Michelleitem
                                            Alt, Daviditem
                                            Bayles, Darrellitem
                                            SWENSON, SABRINA - Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)item
                                            GRAMER, MARIE - University Of Minnesotaitem
                                            RUSSELL, COLIN - University Of Cambridgeitem
                                            SMITH, DEREK - University Of Cambridgeitem
                                            Lager, Kellyitem
                                            LEWIS, NICOLA - University Of Cambridge
  Submitted to: Research Workers in Animal Diseases Conference Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 9/30/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 12/7/2010
                                    Citation: Lorusso, A., Vincent, A., Harland, M., Alt, D., Bayles, D., Swenson, S., Gramer, M., Russell, C., Smith, D., Lager, K., Lewis, N. 2010. Genetic and antigenic characterization of H1 Influenza Viruses from United States swine prior to the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 [abstract]. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Paper No. 194.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Swine play a role for the evolution of influenza A viruses. Prior to the introduction of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus from humans into pigs, four phylogenetic clusters of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H1 influenza viruses could be found in U.S. swine. Viruses from the classical H1N1 swine lineage evolved to form alpha-, beta-, and gamma-clusters whereas viruses with HA genes most similar to human seasonal H1 viruses emerged in 2003 to form the delta-cluster. Limited sequence information was available regarding the six genes that make up the triple reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette in contemporary H1 influenza viruses of swine. In addition, information regarding the antigenic relatedness of the H1 viruses was lacking due to the dynamic and variable nature of swine lineage H1. We characterized twelve H1 isolates from 2008 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of all eight gene segments and by serologic cross-reactivity in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Based on genetic analysis, each of the four previously described phylogenetic clusters of H1 influenza viruses of swine were represented in the 2008 panel. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the delta-cluster HA were sub-divided into sub-clusters delta1 and delta2. Genetic diversity was demonstrated in all gene segments, but most notably in the HA gene. The genetic evolution of the NA gene was comparable to that of the HA gene. The gene segments from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 formed clusters separate from North American swine lineage viruses, suggesting progenitors of the pandemic virus were not present in U.S. pigs immediately prior to 2009. Serologic cross-reactivity paired with antigenic cartography demonstrated that the viruses in the different phylogenetic clusters are also antigenically divergent. Increased surveillance and monitoring of enzootic influenza viruses of swine as well as the 2009 pandemic H1N1 in the swine population worldwide are critical to understand the dynamic ecology of influenza A viruses in this susceptible host population.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov