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Title:   Author  item
                                            SHACKEL, KEN - University Of Californiaitem
                                            BRODERSEN, CRAIG - University Of Floridaitem
                                            LEE, ERIC - University Of Californiaitem
                                            McElrone, Andrewitem
                                            CHOAT, BRENDAN - Western Sydney Universityitem
                                            PHILLIPS, RON - University Of Californiaitem
                                            JANSEN, STEVEN - University Of Louisiana At Monroeitem
                                            MATTHEWS, MARK - University Of California
  Submitted to: International Conference on Plant Nutrition
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/30/2012
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: It is well established that plant xylem is composed of a complex and interconnected system of vascular elements, but little is known about how the three-dimensional (3D) organization of this network influences properties such as plant hydraulics (Tyree & Zimmermann, 2002), and few studies have measured the spatial distribution, orientation, or frequency of connections between the vascular elements. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRCT) is a diagnostic imaging technique with a micrometer-range resolution that provides continuous serial sections through plant tissue in any orientation. HRCT imaging is based on the same principles as medical CT systems, but a high intensity, focused X-ray source results in decreased section thickness and image acquisition time. Both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D HRCT have been employed in the cursory analysis of plant-related materials, including the soil and root interface (Aylmore, 1993; Heeraman et al., 1997), fruit development (Verboven et al., 2008), paleobotanical anatomy (DeVore et al., 2006), and the anatomy of wood and vascular tissue (Stuppy et al., 2003; Maeda & Miyake, 2009). Fromm et al. (2001) and Steppe et al. (2004) successfully used HRCT to study wood density; however the image resolution was insufficient for analyzing intervessel connections. Recent advances in synchrotron HRCT technology have improved image resolution and signal to noise ratio sufficiently so that vessel networks can be visualized to explore the implications of network organization. The analytical potential of HRCT in exploring xylem organization is even greater than its 3D visualization capabilities, as intervessel connections can be assigned 3D coordinates that can be exported and used in model simulations.


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