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Title:   Author  item
                                            Zhu, Hepingitem
                                            OZKAN, ERDAL - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Derksen, Richarditem
                                            Reding, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            Ranger, Christopheritem
                                            CANAS, LUIS - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Krause, Charlesitem
                                            Locke, Jamesitem
                                            ERNST, STANLEY - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            ZONDAG, RANDALL - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            FULCHER, AMY - University Of Tennesseeitem
                                            ROSETTA, ROBIN - Oregon State Universityitem
                                            JEON, HONG - Dow Agro Sciencesitem
                                            CHEN, YU - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            GU, JIABING - Nanjing Agricultural Universityitem
                                            LIU, HUI - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            SHEN, YUE - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            RIOS, ALFREDO - The Ohio State University
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/20/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 9/18/2012
                                    Citation: Zhu, H., Ozkan, E., Derksen, R.C., Reding, M.E., Ranger, C.M., Canas, L., Krause, C.R., Locke, J.C., Ernst, S.C., Zondag, R.H., Fulcher, A., Rosetta, R., Jeon, H.Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Liu, H., Shen, Y., Rios, A.A. 2012. Two intelligent spraying systems developed for tree crop production. Meeting Abstract. 6th National Small Farm Conference,Memphis TN, September 18-20, 2012. p. 69-70.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Precision pesticide application technologies are needed to achieve efficient and effective spray deposition on target areas and minimize off-target losses. Two variable-rate intelligent sprayers were developed as an introduction of new generation sprayers for tree crop applications. The first sprayer was a hydraulic vertical boom spraying system using ultrasonic sensors to detect tree size and volume, and the second sprayer was an air-assisted spraying system using a laser scanning sensor to quickly measure the entire tree structure. The automatic controllers consisted of a computer program, a signal generation and amplification unit, and pulse width modulated solenoid valves. The controllers provided variable flows to nozzles based on tree characteristics and plant occurrence. Application qualities of the sprayers were field tested against industry standard application rates using multiple plant species. Laboratory and field tests demonstrated that both sprayers had the capability to control spray outputs that continuously matched canopy characteristics in real time, and significantly reduced chemical off-target losses to the air and ground. Compared to the constant application rate of 50 gpa, the intelligent sprayers reduced the application rate by 52 to 86%. During field trials, pest control for select insects and diseases was not different from conventional sprayers.


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