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Title:   Author  item
                                            Spurgeon, Daleitem
                                            Cooper, William

                                                         - *Rodney*
  Submitted to: Journal of Economic Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/27/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 4/11/2011
                                    Citation: Spurgeon, D.W., Cooper, W.R. 2011. Among-sampler variation in sweep net samples of adult Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton. J. Econ. Entomol. 104:685-692.Interpretive Summary: Lygus bugs (the western tarnished plant bug in the west, the tarnished plant bug in the southeast) are recognized as the most important pest complex in US cotton. A recent report suggests that different persons using the sweep net in cotton obtain different population estimates of the adult tarnished plant bug. If this is so, it would seem to preclude meaningful comparisons of population estimates collected by different samplers. We conducted four separate tests to evaluate numbers of adult western tarnished plant bugs collected by three different samplers using the sweep net in cotton. Adult bugs, marked with fingernail polish to permit their identification and to prevent flight, were released into sample rows on the evening before sweep samples were collected the following morning. Although differences in collections of both marked and unmarked (naturally occurring) bugs were observed among sample dates in some tests, no differences were detected in the numbers of bugs collected by different samplers. These results demonstrate that the sweep net technique can be sufficiently standardized to allow direct comparison of population estimates obtained by different samplers.
                                Technical Abstract: The sweep net is a standard sampling method for adults of the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, in cotton. However, factors that influence the relationship between true population levels and population estimates obtained using the sweep net are poorly documented. Improved understanding of these factors is needed for the development and application of refined treatment thresholds. Recent reports of significant among-sampler differences in sweep net-based population estimates of the adult tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) seem to preclude meaningful comparisons of population estimates collected by different samplers. We used a mark-release-recapture method and the standard sweep net to evaluate among-sampler differences in population estimates of L. hesperus adults. Adult lygus, marked with fingernail polish to facilitate identification and prevent flight, were released into 10-m sample rows on the evening before 10-sweep samples were collected the following morning. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications of three treatments (sampler). Separate experiments were conducted in two plantings each of Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) and Acala (G. hirsutum L.) cotton. Collections of marked bugs from each study were evaluated for effects of sampler, sample date, and their interaction. Although differences in lygus collections were observed among sample dates in some tests, no differences were detected in the population estimates by different samplers. These results demonstrate that the sweep net technique can be sufficiently standardized to allow direct comparison of population estimates obtained by different samplers.


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