U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Immunity and Disease Prevention Research: Davis, CA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    Laboratories
                        Stephensen Group
                                    Kable Group
                                    Lemay GroupSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Pacific West Area Davis, California Western Human Nutrition Research Center Immunity and Disease Prevention Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            MAKHOUL, ZEINA - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centeritem
                                            KRISTAL, ALAN - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centeritem
                                            GULATI, ROMAN - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centeritem
                                            LUICK, BRET - University Of Alaskaitem
                                            BERSAMIN, ANDREA - University Of Alaskaitem
                                            O'BRIEN, DIANE - University Of Alaskaitem
                                            HOPKINS, SCARLETT - University Of Alaskaitem
                                            Stephensen, Charlesitem
                                            STANHOPE, KIMBER - University Of Californiaitem
                                            HAVEL, PETER - University Of Californiaitem
                                            BOYER, BERT - University Of Alaska
  Submitted to: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/21/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 3/23/2011
                                    Citation: Makhoul, Z., Kristal, A.R., Gulati, R., Luick, B., Bersamin, A., O'Brien, D., Hopkins, S.E., Stephensen, C.B., Stanhope, K.L., Havel, P.J., Boyer, B. 2011. Associations of obesity with triglycerides and C-reactive protein are attenuated in adults with high red blood cell eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 65(7):808-817. Available: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v65/n7/full/ejcn201139a.htmlInterpretive Summary: Inflammation associated with obesity increases the risk of chronic inflammatory disease, such as cardiovascular disease.  High intake of marine fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA found in cold-water fish, can decrease inflammation and the risk of heart disease.  Most Americans have low levels of EPA and DHA in their diets and may take supplements to achieve beneficial levels, but Yup’ik Eskimos in Alaska have relatively high intake from their traditional diets.  This work showed that low-grade, systemic inflammation was attenuated at high intakes of EPA and DHA by Yup’ik Eskimos from traditional diets, and that these levels were similar to those achieved with supplement use. This information will help inform recommendations for dietary and supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA.
                                Technical Abstract: Background:N-3 fatty acids are associated with favorable, and obesity with unfavorable, concentrations of chronic disease risk biomarkers.Objective:We examined whether high eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid intakes, measured as percentages of total red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids, modify associations of obesity with chronic disease risk biomarkers.Methods:In a cross-sectional study of 330 Yup'ik Eskimos, generalized additive models (GAM) and linear and quadratic regression models were used to examine associations of BMI with biomarkers across RBC EPA and DHA categories.Results:Median (5th-95th percentile) RBC EPA and DHA were 2.6% (0.5-5.9%) and 7.3% (3.3-8.9%), respectively. In regression models, associations of BMI with triglycerides, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin differed significantly by RBC EPA and DHA. The GAM confirmed regression results for triglycerides and CRP: at low RBC EPA and RBC DHA, the predicted increases in triglycerides and CRP concentrations associated with a BMI increase from 25 to 35 were 99.5±45.3'mg/dl (106%) and 137.8±71.0'mg/dl (156%), respectively, for triglycerides and 1.2±0.7'mg/l (61%) and 0.8±1.0'mg/l (35%), respectively, for CRP. At high RBC EPA and RBC DHA, these predicted increases were 13.9±8.1'mg/dl (23%) and 12.0±12.3'mg/dl (18%), respectively, for triglycerides and 0.5±0.5'mg/l (50%) and -0.5±0.6'mg/l (-34%), respectively, for CRP.Conclusions:In this population, high RBC EPA and DHA were associated with attenuated dyslipidemia and low-grade systemic inflammation among overweight and obese persons. This may help inform recommendations for n-3 fatty acid intakes in the reduction of obesity-related disease risk.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 23 March 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.39.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov