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Title:   Author  item
                                            KIM, SUNG-PHIL - Ajou University Of Koreaitem
                                            KANG, MI-YOUNG - Kyungpook National Universityitem
                                            CHOI, YONG HEE - Kyungpook National Universityitem
                                            KIM, JAE HO - Ajou University Of Koreaitem
                                            NAM, SEOK-HYUN - Ajou University Of Koreaitem
                                            Friedman, Mendel
  Submitted to: Food & Function
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/24/2011
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary: Phytochemicals in some foods are a potential source of bioactive safe compounds for cancer chemoprevention and antimicrobial effects.  In the present study, we evaluated extracts of edible Hericium erinaceus (Yamashitake, Lion’s Mane) mushrooms for their ability to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells.  Cell culture, cell viability, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, chromosomal DNA integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and activation and inhibition of caspase assays were carried out to help define the mechanism of observed apoptosis.  The aqueous and aqueous/ethanolic extracts were active in all assays.  The results of the bioassays with the active extracts are consistent with an apoptosis mechanism governing suppression of the cell proliferation pathway that involves activation of mitochondria-mediated caspase-3 and caspase-9.  The results indicate that H. erinaceus mushrooms can benefit human nutrition and may have therapeutic potential against human leukemia.  Because anticarcinogenic natural products often also exhibit antibiotic properties, antimicrobial and anti-toxin effects of the mushroom extracts merit study.
                                Technical Abstract: Phytochemicals in some foods are a potential source of bioactive safe compounds for cancer chemoprevention.  In the present study, we evaluated hot water (HWE), microwaved 50% ethanol (MWE), acidic (ACE), and alkaline (AKE) extracts of the fruit body (sporocarp) of edible Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake, Lion’s Mane) mushrooms for their ability to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells.  Cell culture, cell viability, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, chromosomal DNA integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and activation and inhibition of caspase assays were carried out to help define the mechanism of observed apoptosis.  The aqueous and aqueous/ethanolic extracts were active in all assays, whereas the acidic and alkaline extracts were both inactive.  The results of the bioassays with the active extracts are consistent with an apoptosis mechanism governing suppression of the cell proliferation pathway that involves activation of mitochondria-mediated caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not caspase-8.  Analysis of the freeze-dried mushroom powder showed that it contains high amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals.  The results indicate that H. erinaceus mushrooms are a high-quality functional food that can benefit human nutrition and may have therapeutic potential against human leukemia.


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