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                        Acebes-Doria, Angelita
                                    Cha, Dong
                                    Follett, Peter
                                    Johnson, Melissa
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Title:   Author  item
                                            Follett, Peter
  Submitted to: American Nuclear Society
                                    Publication Type: Other
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/23/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 6/14/2010
                                    Citation: Follett, P.A. 2010. Irradiation to control quarantine insects in exported fresh commodities: Pioneering generic doses. American Nuclear Society. 102:17-18Interpretive Summary: In 2006, USDA-APHIS published a pioneering rule providing generic low-dose radiation quarantine treatments to control insects. Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. Future research will focus on development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatment; reduction of dose levels for specific pests and commodities to shorten treatment time; development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies; and development of information on commodity tolerance and  novel methods to reduce injury and extend shelf-life. The availability of generic dose treatments makes irradiation an attractive option compared with other quarantine treatments.
                                Technical Abstract: The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved radiation doses up to 1000 Gy (1 kGy) for preservation and disinfestation of fresh fruits and vegetables. In 2006, USDA-APHIS published a pioneering rule providing generic low-dose radiation quarantine treatments to control insects. A generic treatment is a single treatment that controls a broad group of pests without adversely affecting the quality of a wide range of commodities. The rule approved radiation doses of 150 Gy for any tephritid fruit fly and 400 Gy for all other insects except the pupa and adult stages of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The generic radiation treatments apply to all fresh horticultural commodities.  Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. Future research will focus on development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatment; reduction of dose levels for specific pests and commodities to shorten treatment time; development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies; and development of information on commodity tolerance and  novel methods to reduce injury and extend shelf-life. Traditionally, quarantine treatments are developed for one pest and commodity at a time, and research could take years to complete, so this first-ever approval of a generic treatment was a huge leap forward. The availability of generic dose treatments makes irradiation an attractive option compared with other quarantine treatments.


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