U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Bioproducts Research: Albany, CA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Pacific West Area Albany, California Western Regional Research Center Bioproducts Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Jordan, Douglasitem
                                            Bowman, Michaelitem
                                            Braker, Jayitem
                                            Dien, Bruceitem
                                            Hector, Ronald

                                                         - *Ron*item
                                            Lee, Charlesitem
                                            Mertens, Jeffreyitem
                                            Wagschal, Kurt
  Submitted to: Biochemical Journal
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/27/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 3/1/2012
                                    Citation: Jordan, D.B., Bowman, M.J., Braker, J.D., Dien, B.S., Hector, R.E., Lee, C.C., Mertens, J.A., Wagschal, K.C. 2012. Plant cell walls to ethanol. Biochemical Journal. 442:247-252.Interpretive Summary: Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol is a multi-step process (pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation) in which each stage presents a multitude of challenges.  This paper describes the key hurdles that must be surpassed and presents new data that illustrates some of the various problems.
                                Technical Abstract: Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes generation 2 bioethanol production.  The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation, and separation. Ultimately, it is desired to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve consolidated bioprocessing (CBP).  A commercially-ready CBP organism is currently unreported.  Production of generation 2 bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s-1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of cofermentation of five and six carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov