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Title:   Author  item
                                            HOULE, STEPHANIE - Laval Universityitem
                                            Schrader, Kevinitem
                                            LEFRANCOIS, NATHALIE - University Of Quebecitem
                                            COMEAU, YVES - Ecole Polytechniqueitem
                                            KHAROUNE, MOURAD - Ecole De Technologie Superieureitem
                                            SUMMERFELT, STEVEN - Freshwater Instituteitem
                                            SAVOIE, ARIANNE - University Of Quebecitem
                                            VANDENBERG, GRANT - Laval University
  Submitted to: Aquaculture Research
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/25/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 2/1/2011
                                    Citation: Houle, S., Schrader, K., Lefrancois, N.R., Comeau, Y., Kharoune, M., Summerfelt, S.T., Savoie, A., Vandenberg, G.W. 2011. Geosmin causes off-flavour in arctic charr in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture Research. 42:360-365.Interpretive Summary: Arctic charr cultured in recirculating water systems were found to contain an “earthy” off-flavor.  The compound geosmin was detected in the fish flesh and determined to be the cause of this off-flavor.
                                Technical Abstract: The “earthy” and “muddy” off-flavors in pond-reared fish are due to the presence of geosmin or 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in the flesh of the fish.  Similar off-flavors have been reported in fish raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS); however, little information is available regarding the cause of these off-flavors.  Our hypothesis was that earthy and muddy off-flavor compounds, previously found in pond-raised fish, are also responsible for off-flavors in fish raised in RAS.  In this preliminary study, we examined water, biofilms in RAS, and fillets from cultured arctic charr (known to have off-flavors and requiring depuration) using instrumental (solid-phase microextraction procedure and GC-MS) and human sensory analyses.  Geosmin was present in the samples taken from the biofilter and on the side-walls of the tanks.  MIB was only found in low levels in the samples.  The GC-MS results indicated the presence of geosmin in the fillets (1,095 ng kg-1), but lower levels were found in the water (56.3 ng L-1).  Sensory analyses also detected an earthy flavor (i.e., geosmin presence) in the fillets, and, therefore, it appears that geosmin is the main compound responsible for the off-flavor in RAS.  Further studies are being performed to identify microorganisms responsible for geosmin production in RAS.


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