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Title:   Author  item
                                            GARVEY, GRAEME - UNIV OF WISC BIOCHEM DEPTitem
                                            McCormick, Susanitem
                                            Alexander, Nancyitem
                                            RAYMENT, IVAN - UNIV OF WISC BIOCHEM DEPT
  Submitted to: Protein Science
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/15/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 3/25/2009
                                    Citation: Garvey, G.S., Mccormick, S.P., Alexander, N.J., Rayment, I. 2009. Structural and Functional Characterization of TRI3 Acetyltransferase from Fusarium sporotrichioides. Protein Chemistry. 18(4):747-761.Interpretive Summary: Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops whose worldwide incidence is increasing.  This disease is caused by Fusarium species that produce trichothecene mycotoxins and previous studies have shown these toxins are factors in the severity of the disease.  One strategy that has been used to combat the disease is to introduce a Fusarium gene, Tri101, which protects this fungus from its own toxins into cereals such as wheat and barley.  This gene makes a protein that can convert trichothecenes to less toxic products, but this conversion can be reversed.  In order to improve the effectiveness of this approach, we looked at the structure and function of another Fusarium trichothecene-binding protein.  Understanding how other proteins bind trichothecenes may offer a strategy for locking up the trichothecene toxins in a non-reversible way.
                                Technical Abstract: Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops whose worldwide incidence is increasing and at present there is no satisfactory way of combating this pathogen or its associated toxins.  There is a wide variety of trichothecene mycotoxins and they all contain a 12,13-epoxytrichothecene skeleton but differ in their substitutions.  Indeed, there is considerable variation in the toxin profile across the numerous Fusarium species that has been ascribed to differences in the presence or absence of biosynthetic enzymes and their relative activity.  This paper addresses the source of differences in acetylation at the C15 position of the trichothecene molecule.  Here we present the in vitro structural and biochemical characterization of TRI3, a 15-O-trichothecene acetyltransferase isolated from F. sporotrichioides and the in vivo characterization of tri3- mutants of deoxynivalenol (DON) producing F. graminearum strains.  A kinetic analysis shows that TRI3 is an efficient enzyme with the native substrate, 15-decalonectrin, but is inactive with either DON or nivalenol.  The structure of TRI3 complexed with 15-decalonectrin provides an explanation for this specificity and shows that Tri3 and Tri101 (3-O-trichothecene acetyltransferase) are evolutionarily related.  The active site residues are conserved across all sequences for TRI3 orthologs, suggesting that differences in acetylation at C15 are not due to differences in Tri3.  The tri3 deletion mutant shows that acetylation at C15 is required for DON biosynthesis even though DON lacks a C15 acetyl group.  The enzyme(s) responsible for deacetylation at the 15 position of the trichothecene mycotoxins have not been identified.


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