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Title:   Author  item
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            Poole, Toniitem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Book Chapter
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/1/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 12/15/2011
                                    Citation: Callaway, T.R., Edrington, T.S., Poole, T.L., Nisbet, D.J. 2011. Current status of practical applications: Probiotics in dairy cattle. In: Callaway, T.R., Ricke, S.C., editors. Direct Fed Microbials/Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action. New York, NY: Springer Verlag Publishing. p. 121-136.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The gastrointestinal microbial population of dairy cattle is dense and diverse, and can be utilized to reduce pathogenic bacterial populations as well as improve animal productivity and environmental impacts.  Because of the nature of the dairy industry, probiotic products have been widely used to enhance milk production and feed efficiency.  The individual efficacy of probiotics in dairy cattle is due to specific microbial ecological factors within the gut of the food animal and its native microflora that alter the competitive pressures of the gut.  This chapter explores the ecology behind the efficacy of probiotic products against foodborne pathogens that inhabit food animals.


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