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Title:   Author  item
                                            Liu, Cheng Kungitem
                                            Liu, Linshuitem
                                            Latona, Nicholas

                                                         - *Nick*item
                                            Goldberg, Neilitem
                                            Ramos, Milaitem
                                            COOKE, PETER - New Mexico State University
  Submitted to: International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 7/1/2011
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Drying is one of key steps to govern the physical properties of leather and it is where leather acquires its final texture, consistency and flexibility.  Recently we have been working diligently to improve chrome-free leather by optimizing its drying process.  We developed a drying method using a combination of toggle and vacuum drying together.  This is because vacuum drying offers fast speed at a low temperature, which is particularly advantageous to heat-vulnerable chrome-free leathers.  On the other hand, adding a toggle action during vacuum drying can significantly increase the area yield.  We explored this composite drying method and investigated how drying variables affect mechanical properties and area yield of chrome-free leather.  This study showed that the stretch applied in a drying operation significantly affects stiffness and area yield.  We observed that biaxial stretch increases tensile strength but has less effect on fracture energy.  Our study also showed that tensile strength increases with apparent density and decreases with drying rate.  Under an optimal drying condition, a 16% increase in area yield with good properties can be achieved.


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