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Title:   Author  item
                                            Straus, David

                                                         - *Dave*item
                                            BOWKER, JAMES - Us Fish And Wildlife Serviceitem
                                            BOWMAN, MOLLY - Us Fish And Wildlife Serviceitem
                                            CARTY, DAN - Us Fish And Wildlife Serviceitem
                                            Mitchell, Andrewitem
                                            Farmer, Bradley
  Submitted to: North American Journal of Aquaculture
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/23/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 1/30/2012
                                    Citation: Straus, D.L., Bowker, J.D., Bowman, M.P., Carty, D., Mitchell, A.J., Farmer, B.D. 2012. Safety of Aquaflor(c)-medicated feed to sunshine bass. North American Journal of Aquaculture. 74:1-7.Interpretive Summary: There are not many antibiotics medicines approved for use in aquaculture, but the newest one, Aquaflor® (florfenicol), must be prescribed by a veterinarian and is safe and effective to treat certain diseases.  Research has suggested that it may work better at a higher concentration than the approved rate.  We designed a study to test the safety of Aquaflor® when included in the feed to hybrid striped bass at the higher concentration (15 mg florfenicol/kg body weight/day), and at 3 and 5 times the higher concentration, for 20 days (twice as long as the normal treatment period).

Round fiberglass tanks were set up with flow-through well water and held 20 fish/tank.  The medicated feed was offered in the morning and afternoon.  There were no mortalities and fish ate all feed offered (usually within 10 seconds).  We used a microscope to look for tissue changes in different organs of the fish (gill, liver, kidney, brain, heart, muscle, skin, spleen, and intestine) and didn’t see any.  We concluded that Aquaflor®-medicated feed is safe for sunshine bass up to 3 times the proposed concentration.
                                Technical Abstract: Aquaflor® (florfenicol, 50% type A medicated article) is a relatively new antibiotic used in U.S. aquaculture and has been widely accepted as a safe and effective therapeutant.  Some peer-reviewed studies have suggested that 15 mg FFC/kg BW/d for 10 d can control mortality to a greater extent than 10 mg FFC/kg BW/d for 10 d.  This study evaluated the safety of Aquaflor® to sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) when administered in feed at 15 (1× the maximum proposed therapeutic dose), 45 (3×), or 75 (5×) mg florfenicol/kg BW/d for 20 d (2× the currently approved 10-d treatment duration).  The medicated feed was top-coated with Aquaflor® and fed at 2% BW/d divided equally between the morning and afternoon feeding.  Juvenile sunshine bass (13.6 ± 1.6 g, mean ± SD) were stocked into 100-L flow-through tanks at 20 fish/tank.  Diets were randomly assigned to 3 replicate tanks per treatment; three additional non-study tanks were fed control diets and weighed weekly to calculate proper feeding quantities.  Throughout the trial, water quality was maintained within ranges suitable for sunshine bass culture, fish behavior appeared normal, and all feed was readily and rapidly consumed.  There were no mortalities and fish health evaluations revealed no chronic toxicity patterns.  None of the histopathologies distinctive to the use of Aquaflor® were observed.  In conclusion, there is an adequate margin of safety associated with administering Aquaflor®-medicated feed to fingerling sunshine bass at the proposed therapeutic treatment regimen of 15 mg florfenicol/kg BW/d for 10 d.


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