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ARS Home Northeast Area Geneva, New York Grape Genetics Research Unit (GGRU) Research Publications at this Location





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Title:   Author  item
                                            WAKEFIELD, LAURA - Cornell Universityitem
                                            GADOURY, DAVID - Cornell Universityitem
                                            Cadle-Davidson, Lanceitem
                                            SEEM, ROBERT - Cornell University
  Submitted to: Phytopathology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/10/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 1/15/2012
                                    Citation: Wakefield, L., Gadoury, D., Cadle Davidson, L.E., Seem, R. 2012. Initiation of conidiation in Erysiphe necator is regulated by prior vegetative growth, inoculum density and light. Phytopathology. 102:65-72.Interpretive Summary: Powdery mildews grow along the plant surface before they produce spores.  We found evidence in grape powdery mildew that a signal triggering sporulation initiates at the colony center after five days of growth and causes synchronous sporulation across the entire colony.  In fact, when we removed the colony center after the signal was sent, the very young hyphal threads at the edge of the fungal colony still sporulated as if nothing had happened to the colony. However, removal of the colony center one day earlier (before signaling) nearly doubled the time to sporulation. We also showed that light was necessary for production of the silencing trigger and that inoculating more spores per leaf area shortened the time to sporulation. These results suggest that after a period of vegetative growth required to reach a certain density of fungal biomass, light is required for initiation of a signal that triggers simultaneous sporulation throughout a colony of grape powdery mildew.
                                Technical Abstract: Initiation of asexual sporulation in powdery mildews is preceded by a period of superficial vegetative growth of mildew colonies. We found evidence of signaling in Erysiphe necator that was promulgated at the colony center as early as five days after inoculation and stimulated sporulation throughout the colony. Removal of the colony center after putative signal promulgation had no impact upon timing of sporulation by young (48-¬hr-¬old) hyphae at the colony margin. However, removal of the colony center before signaling nearly doubled the latent period. A relationship between inoculum density and latent period was also observed, with latent period decreasing as the number of conidia deposited per mm2 was increased.  The effect was most pronounced at the lowest inoculum densities, with little decrease of the latent period as the density of inoculation increased above 10 spores/mm2. Light was furthermore shown to be necessary to initiate conidiation of sporulation-competent colonies. When plants were inoculated and maintained in a day/night cycle for 36 hr, but subjected to darkness after 36 hours, colonies kept in darkness failed to sporulate for several days after plants kept in light had sporulated.  Once returned to light, the dark-suppression was immediately reversed, and sporulation commenced within 12 hr. These results suggest that after a period of vegetative growth, light is required for promulgation of a quorum sensing signal that triggers synchronous conidiation throughout an E. necator colony.


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