IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-18-00001-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF D.R.O., A CHILD

From the 378th District Court

Ellis County, Texas

Trial Court No. 97212D

MEMORANDUM OPINION

In one issue, Appellants Monica Kincaid Herrera and Adam Mitchell Herrera 

challenge the trial court’s determination that they lacked standing to bring this Suit 

Affecting Parent-Child Relationship. We will affirm.

Background

D.R.O. was born on November 15, 2016 to Deserae Sneed and Michael Ortega, who 

had two other children. Michael and Adam are cousins. Sometime in March 2017, 

Deserae left D.R.O. with Monica, Adam’s wife. Deserae testified that she left D.R.O. with 

Monica and Adam while she was looking for a job. Deserae further testified that after 

she was employed by Russell Stover, D.R.O. would at times stay with the Herreras during 

the week and would be returned to Deserae and Michael for the weekends. Monica and 
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Adam would return D.R.O. at other times upon Deserae’s request, and Deserae and 

Michael would also pick up D.R.O. on other occasions.

On September 17, 2017, Michael drove to the Herreras’ home to get D.R.O. Monica 

refused to let Michael take D.R.O. Michael testified that Monica told him it was because 

D.R.O. was asleep. Deserae went to the Ennis Police Department on September 19 to 

request assistance in retrieving D.R.O. After speaking with Monica, who had a friendly 

connection with one of the officers, Ennis police contacted the Department of Family and 

Protective Services. Deserae eventually agreed to leave D.R.O. with the Herreras until 

the matter could be resolved after being told by the Ennis police that someone from the 

Department would contact her that evening. Deserae testified that no one from the 

Department contacted her.

Also on September 19, 2017, the Herreras filed a suit, which was assigned cause 

number 96970D, to terminate Deserae’s and Michael’s parental rights and to adopt D.R.O. 

After a hearing on October 30, 2017, the trial court orally pronounced that the Herreras’ 

suit would be dismissed. The subsequent written order dismissed the suit with prejudice. 

Deserae and Michael were not represented by counsel in that case. The Herreras 

appealed the trial court’s dismissal, which was assigned Cause Number 10-17-00378-CV 

in this Court. Despite requests from the attorney Deserae and Michael subsequently 

retained, the Herreras refused to relinquish custody of D.R.O.

On October 31, 2017, the Herreras filed the present SAPCR case, which was 

assigned cause number 96970D, seeking to be appointed managing conservators of 

D.R.O. The Herreras alleged that they had standing to bring the suit under section 
In the Interest of D.R.O., a Child Page 3

102.003 of the Family Code because they had actual care, control, and possession of 

D.R.O. for at least six months ending not more than ninety days preceding the date of the 

filing of their original petition. Deserae and Michael filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack 

of Standing and Res Judiciata and a Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus on November 

8, 2017.

After the initial termination/adoption case was filed, the Department of Family 

and Protective Services investigated Deserae and Michael in relation to the allegations 

made by Monica to the Ennis Police Department. Deserae and Michael were required to 

take a drug test, which they both passed. They were notified on November 8, 2017 that 

the Department had closed the investigation of them, ruling out any claims of neglect.

The trial court held a hearing on the habeas petition on November 13, 2017 and 

granted the writ. The Herreras then returned D.R.O. to Deserae and Michael. The 

Herreras filed a motion to stay this case until the termination/adoption case was resolved 

on appeal. The trial court held a hearing on the motion for a stay and the motion to 

dismiss filed by Deserae and Michael. At the hearing, the trial court overruled the motion 

for a stay. Deserae and Michael testified at the hearing. Monica and Adam did not testify 

and did not appear for the hearing. The Herreras’ counsel informed the trial court that 

Monica, who was purportedly eight months pregnant, believed she was having labor 

pains and had gone to the hospital.

Part of the evidence relied upon by the Herreras in this case and in the previous 

termination/adoption proceeding is a calendar allegedly kept by Monica as a 

contemporaneous accounting of the days D.R.O. was in her custody. After considering 
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the testimony, exhibits, and arguments of counsel, the trial court ruled that the Herreras 

did not offer credible proof that they had actual care, control, and possession of D.R.O. 

for at least six months prior to the time the suit was filed. The trial court dismissed the

SAPCR suit with prejudice. In its order of dismissal, the trial court found that “Petitioners 

did not offer credible proof that they had actual care, control, and possession of the child 

for at least six months. An analysis of Petitioners’ calendar favors Respondents.” 

Standing

The Herreras argue that the trial court erred in finding that they did not have 

standing because their pleadings and the evidence presented conclusively show that they 

had possession of D.R.O. for over six months prior to filing suit. The Herreras further 

argue that they had “developed and maintained a relationship with DRO which entailed 

the actual exercise of guidance, governance, and direction similar to that typically 

exercised by parents with their children.”

Standing is a necessary component of a court’s subject-matter jurisdiction and is a 

constitutional prerequisite to maintaining a suit under Texas law. Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. 

Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 443-44 (Tex. 1993); In re C.M.C., 192 S.W.3d 866, 869 

(Tex. App.—Texarkana 2006, no pet.). Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction is 

an issue of law, which is reviewed de novo by an appellate court. In re H.S., 550 S.W.3d 

151, 155 (Tex. 2018); Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v. City of Sunset Valley, 146 S.W.3d 637, 646 (Tex. 

2004). “In evaluating standing, we construe the pleadings in the plaintiff’s favor, but we 

also consider relevant evidence offered by the parties.” H.S., 550 S.W.3d at 155; see also 

Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 555 (Tex. 2000). When, as here, the trial court 
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makes no separate findings of fact or conclusions of law, we imply the findings necessary 

to support the trial court’s judgment. In re Hogard, No. 10-13-00246-CV, 2013 WL 5603853, 

at *1 (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 10, 2013, orig. proceeding). “We review the entire record to 

determine if the trial court’s implied findings are supported by any evidence.” Id.

We review the trial court’s implied factual findings for legal and factual 

sufficiency, and we review the trial court’s implied legal conclusions de 

novo. Under both standards, the trial court is the sole judge of the 

credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony, and 

we will not disturb the court’s resolution of evidentiary conflicts that turn 

on credibility determination or the weight of the evidence.

 

In re I.I.G.T., 412 S.W.3d 803, 806 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) (internal citations 

omitted).

When standing to bring a particular type of lawsuit has been conferred by statute, 

we use that statutory framework to analyze whether the petition has been filed by a 

proper party. Jasek v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 348 S.W.3d 523, 528 (Tex. 

App.—Austin 2011, no pet.). The party seeking relief must allege and establish standing 

within the parameters of the statutory language. Jasek, 348 S.W.3d at 528; In re K.G., 267 

S.W.3d 120, 123 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008, pet. denied). The Texas Legislature has 

provided a comprehensive statutory framework for standing in the context of suits 

involving the parent-child relationship. K.G., 267 S.W.3d at 124.

Standing Under § 102.003

Section 102.003 lists several categories of persons who have standing to file a 

SAPCR, including “a person, other than a foster parent, who has had actual care, control, 

and possession of the child for at least six months ending not more than 90 days preceding 

the date of the filing of the petition. . . .” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 102.003(a)(9).
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[A] nonparent has “actual care, control, and possession of the child” under 

section 102.003(a)(9) if, for the requisite six-month time period, the 

nonparent served in a parent-like role by (1) sharing a principal residence 

with the child, (2) providing for the child’s daily physical and psychological 

needs, and (3) exercising guidance, governance, and direction similar to 

that typically exercised on a day-to-day basis by parents with their children. 

The statute does not require the nonparent to have ultimate legal authority 

to control the child, nor does it require the parents to have wholly ceded or 

relinquished their own parental rights and responsibilities.

H.S. at 160. The time that a non-parent has possession of a child need not be continuous,

uninterrupted, or exclusive. See § 102.003(b); H.S., 550 S.W.3d at 156-59.

Trial Court’s Findings

 As noted, the trial court determined that the calendar purportedly kept by Monica

favored Deserae and Michael. The calendar was included as an attachment to Monica’s 

affidavit in support of the Herreras’ original petition, and it was introduced into evidence 

at the hearing by Deserae and Michael in order to refute its contents. The calendar was 

ostensibly a contemporaneous record of the times the Herreras had possession of D.R.O. 

Because Monica did not testify at the hearing, the trial court was unable to determine the 

validity of the dates marked on the calendar. Both Deserae and Michael testified that the 

dates were incorrect.1 Deserae and Michael additionally introduced texts from Monica 

that contradicted the dates marked on the calendar. One text from Monica also indicated 

that she was planning to see a lawyer about obtaining custody of D.R.O. as early as June 

17. The trial court could have inferred that the calendar was an after-the-fact creation 

 

1 The Herreras erroneously state that Deserae and Michael conceded at the hearing that the Herreras had 

possession of D.R.O. from March 27 through October 31, 2017. This is not substantiated by the entirety of 

their testimony. 
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intended to bolster the Herreras’ suit.2 From its ruling, the trial court found the testimony 

of Deserae and Michael to be credible and of greater weight than Monica’s 

unsubstantiated calendar.

Conclusion

The evidence that the trial court found credible was legally and factually sufficient 

to support the implied finding that the Herreras did not have custody of D.R.O. for the 

required six-month period. Based upon those facts, the trial court did not err in 

determining that the Herreras did not have standing and in dismissing the Herreras’ 

petition with prejudice.

We overrule the Herreras’ single issue and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

REX D. DAVIS

Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,*

Justice Davis, and 

Justice Neill

*(Chief Justice Gray concurs in the Court’s judgment but does not join the Court’s 

memorandum opinion. A separate opinion will not issue.)

Judgment affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed April 17, 2019

[CV06]

 

2 Monica’s texts and the testimony of Deserae and Michael refute the majority of the assertions in the 

Herreras’ petition and in Monica’s affidavit. However, our review is limited to the issue of standing, not 

the merits of the case.