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Title:   Author  item
                                            XU, LINYUN - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            Zhu, Hepingitem
                                            OZKAN, H - The Ohio State Universityitem
                                            BAGLEY, WILLIAM - Wilbur-Ellis Company
  Submitted to: Meeting Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/20/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 6/23/2010
                                    Citation: Xu, L., Zhu, H., Ozkan, H.E., Bagley, W.E. Evaporation and Spread of Droplets with Various Types and Concentrations of Adjuvants on Waxy and Hairy Leaves. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers International Meeting, June 20-23, 2010, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ASABE Paper # 1008586.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Adjuvants have been used to improve pesticide application efficiency and effectiveness for many years. However, knowledge on quantitative reactions of adjuvant-amended pesticide droplets on foliage is lacking. Evaporation rate and wetted area of 500 μm droplets with four different adjuvants on waxy and hairy leaves were measured inside an environment-controlled chamber. The adjuvants included Crop Oil Concentrate (COC), Modified Seed Oil (MSO), Nonionic Surfactant (NIS), and Oil Surfactant Blend (OSB). Droplet evaporation rate and spread on either waxy or hairy leaves varied greatly with the type of adjuvants. On waxy leaves, droplets containing COC had significantly smaller wetted area than those containing MSO, NIS or OSB while the evaporation rate was opposite. On hairy leaves, droplets containing COC remained on top of hairs and did not reach the epidermal surface of leaves. When the relative concentration was 1.50, the wetted area of droplets with NIS was 9.2 times lower than that with MSO and 6.1 times lower than that with OSB. The wetted area increased as the concentration increased. Droplets with MSO or OSB spread extensively on the hairy leaf surface until they dried completely. Results of this study demonstrated that addition of MSO, NIS or OSB into spray mixtures with proper concentrations improved homogeneity of spray coverage on both waxy and hairy leaf surfaces, leading to pesticide reduction strategies.


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