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Title:   Author  item
                                            MOUND, L - Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)item
                                            Wheeler, Gregoryitem
                                            WILLIAMS, D - Texas Christian University
  Submitted to: Zootaxa
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/20/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 4/21/2010
                                    Citation: Mound, L.A., Wheeler, G.S., Williams, D.A. 2010. Resolving cryptic species with morphology and DNA; thrips as a potential biocontrol agent of Brazilian peppertree, with a new species and overview of Pseudophilothrips (Thysanoptera). Zootaxa. 2432: 59-68.Interpretive Summary: A promising thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini has been considered for biological control of the invasive weed Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius. Originally collected from southern Brazil where it was frequently found associated with significant damage to its host. Subsequently this thrips was introduced into quarantine in Florida to determine its safety for release. However, a major limitation of the thrips population tested in quarantine was its apparent nutritional incompatibility with the genetic varieties of the host that occur in Florida. Although this thrips was collected on the host in Brazil, its survival was less than 5% when fed the Florida variety of Brazilian pepper. Extensive DNA and morphological analysis of the thrips has determined that the quarantined species is incorrectly identified and constitutes a new cryptic species Pseudophilothrips gandolfoi. Chloroplast DNA analysis of the host revealed 14 genetic varieties and the discovery that the new species of thrips was both limited geographically in Brazil and nutritionally to 2 Brazilian host varieties, neither of which occur in Florida. As a result of these studies, individuals of the species P. ichini have been correctly identified in Brazil. These thrips were found feeding on the Florida variety of the host in Brazil. Populations of P. ichini have been colonized and are undergoing quarantine testing in Florida to determine suitability for release to control the weed. By revealing thrips x host plant genetic compatibilities, these results have directed the next phase of quarantine testing of a thrips that shows promise for controlling Brazilian pepper in Florida.
                                Technical Abstract: Molecular and morphological evidence is presented to support the description of a second species of Pseudophilothrips in Brazil in association with Schinus terebinthifolius, an invasive weedy tree in North America. Pseudophilothrips is here recognized as a weakly defined genus comprising 13 described species from the Americas. This genus is presumably derived from, but is not sister-genus to, the worldwide genus Liothrips of leaf-feeding species.


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