U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Application Technology Research: Wooster, OH
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                                    Software
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    Departments
                        Agricultural Engineering
                                    Entomology
                                    Horticulture
                                    Plant Pathology
                                    IR-4 programSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Wooster, Ohio Application Technology Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Ranger, Christopheritem
                                            Reding, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            SCHULTZ, PETER - Virginia Polytechnic Institution & State Universityitem
                                            OLIVER, JASON - Tennessee State University
  Submitted to: Environmental Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/23/2012
                                    Publication  Date: 6/15/2012
                                    Citation: Ranger, C.M., Reding, M.E., Schultz, P., Oliver, J. 2012. Ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) responses to volatile emissions associated with ethanol-injected Magnolia virginiana L. Environmental Entomology. 41(3):636-647.Interpretive Summary: Ambrosia beetles pose a significant challenge to producers of ornamental nursery stock. Ethanol is the most attractive volatile compound known for Xylosandrus germanus and is used in traps to aid with monitoring flight activity and time insecticide applications. A series of laboratory and field-based experiments were conducted to assist with developing improved monitoring and management tactics. Injections of ethanol into Magnolia virginiana L. induced more ambrosia beetle attacks under field conditions than irrigating or baiting with ethanol, and no attacks occurred on water-injected trees. Traps baited with stems from ethanol-injected trees caught five times more X. germanus than ethanol-baited traps, and a positive correlation was observed between concentration of injected ethanol and cumulative ambrosia beetle attacks. Volatile emissions were characterized from the bark of ethanol- and water-injected M. virginiana up to 16 days after injection. Ethanol was the most predominant compound emitted from ethanol-injected trees, but steadily declined over the course of 16 days. A variety of monoterpenes were also emitted in trace amounts from ethanol-injected trees. Ethanol was not emitted from water-injected M. virginiana. Antennal responses of X. germanus to volatiles from ethanol-injected M. virginiana occurred for ethanol, but not the various monoterpenes. Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles were also equally attracted to traps baited with ethanol alone compared to a synthetic mixture of ethanol plus various monoterpenes formulated to mimic ethanol-injected M. virginiana. Collectively, these results demonstrate the significance of ethanol as a primary volatile cue used by X. germanus to locate suitable hosts. In particular, the role of ethanol emission in attracting and selectively inducing ambrosia beetle attacks was characterized.  Injecting concentrated solutions of ethanol may be useful for establishing odor-based trap trees, which could aid with monitoring programs and/or potentially deflect ambrosia beetles away from valuable nursery stock.
                                Technical Abstract: Ethanol represents a primary attractant for Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) and several other species of ambrosia beetles known to colonize ornamental nursery stock. Stem injections of ethanol into Magnolia virginiana L. induced more ambrosia beetle attacks under field conditions than irrigating or baiting with ethanol, and no attacks occurred on water-injected trees. Traps baited with bolts from ethanol-injected M. virginiana caught five times more X. germanus than ethanol-baited traps. A positive correlation was also observed between concentration of injected ethanol and cumulative ambrosia beetle attacks. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterized emissions from stems of ethanol- and water-injected M. virginiana at 1, 2, 10, and 16 d after treatment (DAT). Ethanol was the most predominant compound emitted from ethanol-injected trees at each time point, but steadily declined over the course of 16 DAT. A variety of monoterpenes were also emitted in trace amounts from ethanol-injected trees. Ethanol was not emitted from water-injected M. virginiana. Antennal responses of X. germanus via gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection to volatiles from ethanol-injected M. virginiana occurred for ethanol, but not the various monoterpenes. Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles were equally attracted to traps baited with ethanol alone compared to a synthetic mixture of ethanol plus various monoterpenes formulated to mimic ethanol-injected M. virginiana. Injecting concentrated solutions of ethanol may be useful for establishing odor-based trap trees, which could aid with monitoring programs and/or potentially deflect ambrosia beetles away from valuable nursery stock.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov