20702 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

APPENDIX A TO SUBPART B OF PART 532—NATIONWIDE SCHEDULE OF APPROPRIATED FUND REGULAR WAGE

SURVEYS—Continued

State Wage area Lead

agency Beginning month of survey

Fiscal year

of full

scale odd

or even

* * * * *

1The revised fiscal year entries are scheduled to begin for Augusta, Maine, in fiscal year 1996; for Buffalo, New York, and Southwestern

Michigan in fiscal year 1997; and for Eastern South Dakota in fiscal year 1998.

[FR Doc. 96–11379 Filed 5–7–96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6325–01–M

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultural Marketing Service

7 CFR Part 51

[Docket Number FV–93–301]

Florida Grapefruit, Florida Oranges

and Tangelos, and, Florida Tangerines;

Grade Standards

AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service,

USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: This final rule revises the

United States Standards for Grades of

Florida Grapefruit, United States

Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges

and Tangelos, and, United States

Standards for Grades of Florida

Tangerines. The Agricultural Marketing

Service (AMS), in cooperation with

industry, and other interested parties

develops and improves standards of

quality, condition, quantity, grade and

packaging in order to facilitate

commerce by providing buyers, sellers,

and quality assurance personnel

uniform language and criteria for

describing various levels of quality and

condition as valued in the marketplace.

The revisions will: Redefine terms to

reflect more clearly current cultural and

marketing practices; add and revise the

grades so as to make them uniform and

consistent with each other and other

recently revised U.S. grade standards;

express defect tolerances in terms of

percentages instead of specific numbers

of defective fruit; revise the size sections

to provide greater flexibility in

marketing and packaging new varieties

of fruit; and, delete references to a

visual aid which is no longer available.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This regulation is

effective August 1, 1996. The

incorporation by reference of certain

publications listed in the regulations is

approved by the Director of the Federal

Register as of August 1, 1996.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Frank O’Sullivan, Fresh Products

Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Division,

Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.

Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box

96456, Room 2056 South Building,

Washington, DC 20090–6456, (202) 720–

2185.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The U.S.

Department of Agriculture (USDA) is

issuing this rule in conformance with

Executive Order 12866.

Pursuant to the requirements set forth

in the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5

U.S.C. 601 et. seq.), AMS has

determined that this action will not

have a significant economic impact on

a substantial number of small entities.

The revision of U.S. Standards for

Grades of Florida Grapefruit, U.S.

Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges

and Tangelos, and U.S. Standards for

Grades of Florida Tangerines will not

impose substantial direct economic cost,

recordkeeping, or personnel workload

changes on small entities, and will not

alter the market share or competitive

position of these entities relative to large

businesses.

The final rule has been reviewed

under Executive Order 12778, Civil

Justice Reform. This action is not

intended to have retroactive effect. This

final rule will not preempt any State or

local laws, regulations, or policies,

unless they present an irreconcilable

conflict with this rule. There are no

administrative procedures which must

be exhausted prior to any judicial

challenge to the provisions of the rule.

Agencies periodically review existing

regulations. An objective of the review

is to ensure that the grade standards are

serving their intended purpose, the

language is clear, and the standards are

consistent with AMS policy and

authority.

The proposed rule, United States

Standards for Grades of Florida

Grapefruit, Florida Orange and

Tangelos, and Florida Tangerines, was

published in the Federal Register on

February 22, 1995, (60 FR 9990–10004).

The Florida Citrus Packers (FCP),

which represents the majority of citrus

growers and packers in Florida,

requested that the standards be revised

in order to bring them into conformity

with current cultural, harvesting and

marketing practices developed since the

standards were last revised in December

1980.

The 60-day comment period ended

April 24, 1995, and a total of fourteen

comments were received from growers,

shippers, receivers, and researchers.

Nine comments from growers, and

shippers were in favor of the proposal

in its entirety. These commentors agreed

that due to changes in current cultural,

harvesting, and marketing practices of

Florida citrus, it was necessary to

change the standards as proposed.

A copy of the proposed rule was

provided to the Agricultural Research

Service (ARS) for help in identifying

studies, data collection or other

information concerning the possible

effect of the proposed revision on

pesticide use. ARS was unable to

identify any relevant information.

One comment from a broker did not

address the provisions of the proposal,

and indicated that the standards do not

pertain to them.

One comment stated that they were

‘‘not in favor of the proposed changes

and that there needs to be an effort to

bring about standardization of grades of

citrus.’’ AMS disagrees. In light of the

vast differences between the various

citrus growing regions in the United

States and the necessary differences in

their respective citrus products, it

would not be helpful to commerce in

these commodities to create one U.S.

standard that could not accurately

identify quality and condition

characteristics.

Two comments were in favor of the

proposal except for its provisions

regarding size, bruising, oil spots and

skin breakdown. One comment from a

grower/shipper/marketer stated that in

the proposal §§ 51.762, 51.1153, and

51.1822 paragraph (a) concerning

‘‘approved and recognized methods’’

could be misconstrued to refer to pack

patterns in the current size sections and

therefore should reference the Florida

Department of Citrus Code, a State

regulation. AMS disagrees. Although
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20703

size and pack may be closely associated,

it is not AMS’s intent to dictate how the

fruit is packed, but to create a uniform

and consistent size for the type of pack

that the marketplace demands. In light

of this, AMS is of the view that

references to Florida State regulations

are no longer needed and that the size

section remain as proposed.

The grower/shipper/marketer also

commented that the defects, oil spotting

and skin breakdown should be scored

on the same basis as they are often

mistaken for one another. AMS agrees

that these defects may be mistaken for

each other. Nonetheless, it is AMS’s

experience that AMS Agricultural

Commodity Graders and others who are

familiar with these defects can

distinguish them. Moreover, as oil

spotting is a permanent defect and skin

breakdown is a condition defect of a

progressive nature, that it is important

to identify between these two defects.

Many who trade in these commodities

need to know whether they have defects

of a progressive nature or not, in order

to market the fruit accordingly.

Therefore, these defects will remain as

proposed.

A receiver commented that the size

sections should remain as it is currently.

It is their opinion that the present size

designations ‘‘provide for great

flexibility in the packing of numerous

varieties of fruit in various types and

sizes of containers.’’ However, this is

not the case. Due to the shapes of some

of the new varieties of citrus, and the

various sizes of containers, the current

size and pack provisions are too

stringent for growers/shippers to market

these types of citrus fruits. Also, certain

markets request that the fruit be packed

in a specific way in order to meet their

market demands. Therefore, AMS is of

the view that proposed changes to the

size section will give the flexibility

needed to the entire citrus industry

when marketing these new varieties of

citrus.

The receiver also commented on the

proposed changes to bruising, in that

they should remain as they are in the

current standards. There appears to be

some confusion as to how bruises would

be scored based on the proposed

changes. Bruising will be scored the

same as it is in the current standards.

The only change to the defect, bruising,

is where it appears in the standards.

Rather than being under the basic

requirements section of the standards it

will be under the ‘‘free from injury, free

from damage, free from serious damage,

and free from very serious damage’’

sections and defined in the

classification of defects sections.

Therefore, with no change as to how

bruising will be scored, but only the

location of the defect in the standards,

no change is warranted.

Further, due to an oversight the

proposed §§ 51.762, 51.1153, and

51.1822, are not included in this final

rule. Because the standards are revising

the tolerances from a specific number of

defective fruit to percentages, a

specified sample size is no longer

needed. Also, by deleting a specific

sample size the application of tolerance

sections were updated to allow for

defects in consumer type packages.

Similar provisions appear currently in

the California and Arizona citrus

standards.

As a matter of technical change and

updating references, the paragraphs

incorporating text by reference to

maturity requirements for citrus grown

in Florida have been revised.

Specifically, §§ 51.767, 51.1158 and

51.1823 Maturity, for grapefruit, oranges

and tangelos, and tangerines,

respectively, have been revised to

incorporate by reference the latest

Florida citrus requirements. The latest

edition of the State of Florida Citrus

Fruit Laws is 1995 edition, and the

latest edition of the Official Rules

Affecting the Florida Citrus Industry is

effective January 1, 1975, as amended.

There are no apparent procedure

changes as a result of this change,

however, this does make the

incorporation by reference current.

AMS develops and improves

standards of quality, condition, grade,

and packaging in order to facilitate

efficient marketing. The provisions of

this final rule are the same as those in

the proposed rule, except for the

changes noted above in response to the

comments received, and several minor

editorial changes made for clarity.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 51

Agricultural commodities, Food

grades and standards, Fruits,

Incorporation by reference, Nuts,

Reporting and recordkeeping

requirements, Trees, Vegetables.

For reasons set forth in the preamble,

7 CFR part 51 is amended as follows:

PART 51—[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 51

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621–1627.

2. In part 51, subpart—United States

Standards for Grades of Florida

Grapefruit is revised to read as follows:

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

Sec.

51.750 U.S. Fancy.

51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.752 U.S. No. 1.

51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.757 U.S. No. 2.

51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.759 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.760 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.761 Application of tolerances.

Size

51.762 Size.

Definitions

51.763 Similar varietal characteristics.

51.764 Well colored.

51.765 Firm.

51.766 Well formed.

51.767 Mature.

51.768 Smooth texture.

51.769 Injury.

51.770 Discoloration.

51.771 Fairly well colored.

51.772 Fairly smooth texture.

51.773 Damage.

51.774 Fairly firm.

51.775 Slightly misshapen.

51.776 Slightly rough texture.

51.777 Serious damage.

51.778 Slightly colored.

51.779 Poorly colored.

51.780 Misshapen.

51.781 Slightly spongy.

51.782 Very serious damage.

51.783 Diameter.

51.784 Classification of defects.

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Grapefruit

Grades

§ 51.750 U.S. Fancy.

‘‘U.S. Fancy’’ consists of grapefruit

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onetenth of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.770.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Decay;

(5) Scab;

(6) Sprayburn;
20704 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

(7) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(8) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:

(1) Bruises;

(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Scale;

(5) Scars;

(6) Skin breakdown; and,

(7) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Dirt or other foreign material;

(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;

(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Sprouting;

(7) Sunburn; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see § 51.760.

§ 51.751 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.760.

§ 51.752 U.S. No. 1.

‘‘U.S. No. 1’’ consists of grapefruit

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onethird of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.770.);

(2) Fairly smooth texture;

(3) Fairly well colored;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics;

and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunburn;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,

(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.760.

§ 51.753 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

not more than 30 percent, by count, of

the fruit shall have more than one-third

of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration. For tolerances

see § 51.760.

§ 51.754 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit

shall have more than one-third of their

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating

discoloration on each of these fruits

shall be of rust mite type. For tolerances

see § 51.760.

§ 51.755 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit

shall have more than one-third of their

surface, in the aggregate, affected by any

type of discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.760.

§ 51.756 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.760.

§ 51.757 U.S. No. 2.

‘‘U.S. No. 2’’ consists of grapefruit

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onehalf of the surface, in the aggregate, may

be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.770.);

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Slightly colored;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen;

and,

(7) Not more than slightly rough

texture.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused

by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sprouting;

(18) Sunburn;

(19) Thorn scratches; and,

(20) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.760.

§ 51.758 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

more than one-half of their surface, in

the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.760.

§ 51.759 U.S. No. 3.

‘‘U.S. No. 3’’ consists of grapefruit

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously

bumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics;

and,

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage

caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Disease;

(6) Dryness or mushy condition;

(7) Hail;

(8) Insects;

(9) Oil spotting;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Sprayburn;

(15) Sprouting;

(16) Sunburn; and,

(17) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.760.

Tolerances

§ 51.760 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations

incident to proper grading and handling

in each of the foregoing grades, the

following tolerances, by count, are

provided as specified:

(a) Defects. (1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1

Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,

U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet,
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20705

1Shipping point, as used in these standards,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the

producing area or at port of loading for ship stores

or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments

from outside the continental United States, the port

of entry into the United States.

U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S.

No. 2 Russet.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the specified grade: Provided, that

included in this amount not more than

5 percent shall be allowed for defects

causing very serious damage, including

in this latter amount not more than 1

percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the specified grade:

Provided, that included in this amount

not more than the following percentages

shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very

serious damage, including therein not

more than 5 percent for very serious

damage by permanent defects and not

more than 3 percent for decay or wormy

fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the grade: Provided, that included in

this amount not more than 1 percent

shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the grade: Provided,

that included in this amount not more

than the following percentages shall be

allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration—(1) U.S. No. 1

Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and

U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements relating to discoloration as

specified in each grade. No sample may

have more than 20 percent of the fruit

with excessive discoloration: And

provided further, that the entire lot

averages within percentage specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than

30 percent of the fruit shall have in

excess of one-third of their surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration,

and no part of any tolerance shall be

allowed to increase this percentage. No

sample may have more than 40 percent

of the fruit with excessive discoloration:

And provided further, that the entire lot

averages within the percentage

specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1

Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit

shall have in excess of one-third of the

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any

tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this

percentage. No sample may have less

than 20 percent of the fruit with

required discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10

percent of the fruit shall have in excess

of one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, affected by discoloration, and

no part of any tolerance shall be allowed

to reduce this percentage: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

§ 51.761 Application of tolerances.

The contents of individual packages

in the lot, based on sample inspection,

are subject to the following limitations,

unless otherwise specified in § 51.760:

Provided, that the average for the entire

lot are within the tolerances specified

for the grade:

(a) For packages which contain more

than 15 pounds, and a tolerance of 10

percent or more is provided, individual

packages in any lot shall have not more

than one and one-half times the

tolerance specified. For packages which

contain more than 15 pounds, and a

tolerance of less than 10 percent is

provided, individual packages in any lot

shall have not more than double the

tolerance specified, except that at least

one decayed or very seriously damaged

fruit may be permitted in any package.

(b) For packages which contain 15

pounds or less, individual packages in

any lot are not restricted as to the

percentage of defects: Provided, that not

more than one fruit which is decayed or

otherwise very seriously damaged may

be permitted in any package and, in

addition, en route or at destination not

more than 10 percent of the packages

may have more than one fruit which is

decayed or otherwise very seriously

damaged.

Size

§ 51.762 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in

size and shall be packed in containers

according to approved and recognized

methods.

(b) ‘‘Fairly uniform in size’’ means

that not more than 10 percent of the

grapefruit per sample may vary more

than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations

incident to proper sizing, not more than

10 percent of the samples in any lot may

fail to meet the requirements of size.

Definitions

§ 51.763 Similar varietal characteristics.

Similar varietal characteristics means

that the fruits in any container are

similar in color and shape.

§ 51.764 Well colored.

Well colored means that the fruit has

characteristic color for the variety with

practically no trace of green color.

§ 51.765 Firm.

Firm means that the fruit is not soft,

or noticeably wilted or flabby, and the

skin is not spongy or puffy.

§ 51.766 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has

the shape characteristic of the variety.

§ 51.767 Mature.

Mature shall have the same meaning

assigned the term in the Florida Citrus

Code, Chapter 601, 1995 Edition, and

the Official Rules Affecting the Florida

Citrus Industry, in effect as of February

12, 1995. These grapefruit maturity

requirements are contained in the

Florida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,

Florida Statutes, Sections 601.16,

601.17, and 601.18, 1995 Edition, and

the State of Florida Department of Citrus

Official Rules Affecting the Florida

Citrus Industry, Part 1, Chapter 20–13

Market Classification, Maturity

Standards and Processing or Packing

Restrictions for Hybrids in effect as of

February 12, 1995. This incorporation

by reference was approved by the

Director of the Federal Register in

accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1

CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained

from, Florida Department of Citrus, Post

Office Box 148, Lakeland, Florida 33802

or copies of both regulations may be

inspected at USDA, AMS, F&VD, FPB,

Standardization Section, Room 2065–S,

14th and Independence Ave.,

Washington, DC 20250 or at the Office

of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800

North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.

§ 51.768 Smooth texture.

Smooth texture means that the skin is

thin and smooth for the variety and size

of the fruit. ‘‘Thin’’ means that the skin

thickness does not average more than 3⁄8

inch (9.5 mm), on a central cross

section, on grapefruit 41⁄8 inches (104.8

mm) in diameter.

§ 51.769 Injury.

Injury means any specific defect

described in § 51.784, Table I; or an

equally objectionable variation of any
20706 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

slightly detracts from the appearance, or

the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.770 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a

light shade of golden brown caused by

rust mite or other means. Lighter shades

of discoloration caused by smooth or

fairly smooth superficial scars or other

means may be allowed on a greater area,

or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration

caused by speck-type melanose or other

means may detract from the appearance

of the fruit to a greater extent than the

shade and amount of discoloration

allowed in the grade.

§ 51.771 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored means that except

for an aggregate area of green color

which does not exceed the area of a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter, the

characteristic color predominates over

the green color.

§ 51.772 Fairly smooth texture.

Fairly smooth texture means that the

skin is fairly thin and not coarse for the

variety and size of the fruit. ‘‘Fairly

thin’’ means that the skin thickness does

not average more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7

mm), on a grapefruit 41⁄8 inches (104.8

mm) in diameter.

§ 51.773 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect

described in § 51.784, Table I; or an

equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

materially detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.774 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm means that the fruit may

be slightly soft, but not bruised, and the

skin is not spongy or puffy.

§ 51.775 Slightly misshapen.

Slightly misshapen means that the

fruit has fairly good shape characteristic

of the variety and is not more than

slightly elongated or pointed or

otherwise deformed.

§ 51.776 Slightly rough texture.

Slightly rough texture means that the

skin may be slightly thick but not

excessively thick, materially ridged or

grooved. ‘‘Slightly thick’’ means that the

skin thickness does not average more

than 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm), on a central

cross section, on a grapefruit 41⁄8 inches

(104.8 mm) in diameter.

§ 51.777 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific

defect described in § 51.784, Table I; or

an equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.778 Slightly colored.

Slightly colored means that except for

an aggregate area of green color which

does not exceed the area of a circle 2

inches (50.8 mm) in diameter, the fruit

surface shows some characteristic color.

§ 51.779 Poorly colored.

Poorly colored means that not more

than 25 percent of the surface may be

of a solid dark green color.

§ 51.780 Misshapen.

Misshapen means that the fruit is

decidedly elongated, pointed, or

flatsided.

§ 51.781 Slightly spongy.

Slightly spongy means that the fruit is

puffy or slightly wilted but not flabby.

§ 51.782 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any

specific defect described in § 51.784,

Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of

defects, which very seriously detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or

marketing quality of the fruit.

§ 51.783 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest

dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.

§ 51.784 Classification of defects.

TABLE I

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

Ammoniation ...................... ........................................... Not occurring as light

speck type.

Scars are cracked or dark

and aggregating more

than a circle 1 inch

(25.4 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Bruises ............................... Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Fruit is split open, peel is

badly watersoaked, or

rag is ruptured and juice

sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition

affecting all segments

more than 3⁄4 inch (19.1

mm) at bruised area or

the equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when affecting more

than one area on the

fruit.

Buckskin ............................. ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 1–1⁄4 inches (31.8

mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Aggregating more than 50

percent of the surface.

Caked melanose ................ ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20707

TABLE I—Continued

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

Dryness or mushy condition ........................................... Affecting all segments

more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments

more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments

more than 3/4 inch (19.1

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Green spots ........................ Aggregating more than a

circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than 1/3

of the surface, caused

by scale.

Oil spots ............................. Aggregating more than a

circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 11⁄2 inches (38.1

mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 1⁄3

of the surface.

Scab ................................... ........................................... Materially detracts from

the shape or texture, or

aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Seriously detracts from the

shape or texture, or aggregating more than a

circle 7/8 inch (22.2

mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Scale .................................. More than a few adjacent

to the ‘‘button’’ at the

stem end, or more than

6 scattered on other

portions of the fruit.

Blotch aggregating more

than a circle 3⁄4 inch

(19.1 mm) in diameter,

or occurring as a ring

more than a circle 13⁄4

inches (31.8 mm) in diameter.

Blotch aggregating more

than a circle 1 inch

(25.4 mm) in diameter,

or occurring as a ring

more than a circle 11⁄2

inches (38.1 mm) in diameter..

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Scars, Hail, or Thorn

scratches [For smooth or

fairly smooth superficial

scars see § 51.770.].

Depressed, not smooth, or

detracts from appearance more than the

amount of discoloration

permitted in the grade.

Very deep or very rough

aggregating more than a

circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in diameter; deep or

rough aggregating more

than a circle 1 inch

(25.4 mm) in diameter;

slightly rough or of slight

depth aggregating more

than 10 percent of fruit

surface.

Very deep or very rough

aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter; deep or

rough aggregating more

than 5 percent of fruit

surface; slight depth or

slightly rough aggregating more than 15 percent of fruit surface.

Very deep or very rough

or unsightly that appearance is very seriously

affected.

Skin breakdown .................. Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Sprayburn ........................... ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Hard and aggregating

more than a circle 11⁄2

inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Sprouting ............................ ........................................... More than six seeds have

sprouts of more than 1⁄4

inch (6.4 mm) in length,

or more than 3 seeds

with sprouts over 3⁄4

inch (19.1 mm) in length.

More than six seeds have

sprouts of more than 1⁄2

inch (12.7 mm) in

length, or more than 3

seeds with sprouts over

1 inch (25.4 mm) in

length.

More than six seeds have

sprouts of more than 3⁄4

inch (19.1 mm) in

length, or more than 3

seeds with sprouts over

11⁄4 inches (31.8 mm) in

length.

Sunburn .............................. ........................................... Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the

affected area exceeds

25 percent of the surface.

Skin is hard and affects

more than one-third of

the surface.

Aggregating more than 50

percent of the surface.

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on a grapefruit 41⁄8 inches (104.8 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

3. In part 51, Subpart—United States

Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges

and Tangelos is revised to read as

follows:

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos

General

Sec.

51.1140 General.

Grades

51.1141 U.S. Fancy.

51.1142 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.1143 U.S. No. 1.

51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.1148 U.S. No. 2.

51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.1150 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1151 Tolerances.
20708 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

Application of Tolerances

51.1152 Application of tolerances.

Size

51.1153 Size.

Definitions

51.1154 Similar varietal characteristics.

51.1155 Well colored.

51.1156 Firm.

51.1157 Well formed.

51.1158 Mature.

51.1159 Smooth texture.

51.1160 Injury.

51.1161 Discoloration.

51.1162 Fairly smooth texture.

51.1163 Damage.

51.1164 Fairly well colored.

51.1165 Reasonably well colored.

51.1166 Poorly colored.

51.1167 Fairly firm.

51.1168 Slightly misshapen.

51.1169 Slightly rough texture.

51.1170 Serious damage.

51.1171 Misshapen.

51.1172 Slightly spongy.

51.1173 Very serious damage.

51.1174 Diameter.

51.1175 Classification of defects.

Standards for Internal Quality of Common

Sweet Oranges (Citrus Sinensis (L) Osbeck)

51.1176 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

51.1177 U.S. Grade A Juice.

51.1178 Maximum anhydrous citric

permissible for corresponding total

soluble solids.

51.1179 Method of juice extraction.

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Oranges and

Tangelos

General

§ 51.1140 General.

The standards contained in this

subpart apply only to the common or

sweet orange group and varieties and

hybrids of varieties belonging to the

Mandarin group, except tangerines, and

to the citrus fruit commonly known as

‘‘tangelo’’—a hybrid between tangerine

or mandarin orange (citrus reticulata)

with either the grapefruit or pomelo (C.

paradisi and C. grandis). Separate U.S.

standards apply to tangerines. The

standards for internal quality contained

in §§ 51.1176 through 51.1179 apply

only to common sweet oranges (citrus

sinensis (L) Osbeck).

Grades

§ 51.1141 U.S. Fancy.

‘‘U.S. Fancy’’ consists of oranges

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onetenth of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1161.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Similar varietal characteristics;

(5) Smooth texture;

(6) Well colored; and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Buckskin;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Decay;

(6) Scab;

(7) Split navels;

(8) Sprayburn;

(9) Undeveloped segments;

(10) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(11) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from injury caused by:

(1) Bruises;

(2) Green spots;

(3) Oil spots;

(4) Rough, wide or protruding navels;

(5) Scale;

(6) Scars;

(7) Skin breakdown; and,

(8) Thorn scratches.

(d) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Dirt or other foreign material;

(2) Disease;

(3) Dryness or mushy condition;

(4) Hail;

(5) Insects;

(6) Riciness or woodiness;

(7) Sunburn; and,

(8) Other means.

(e) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(f) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1142 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1143 U.S. No. 1.

‘‘U.S. No. 1’’ consists of oranges

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Color;

(i) Early and midseason varieties shall

be fairly well colored.

(ii) For Valencia and other late

varieties, not less than 50 percent, by

count, shall be fairly well colored and

the remainder reasonably well colored.

(2) Discoloration: Not more than onethird of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1161.);

(3) Fairly smooth texture;

(4) Firm;

(5) Mature;

(6) Similar varietal characteristics;

and,

(7) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;

(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thorn scratches; and,

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1144 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

not more than 30 percent, by count, of

the fruit shall have more than one-third

of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1145 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except at least

30 percent, by count, of the fruit shall

have more than one-third of their

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating

discoloration on each fruit shall be of

rust mite type.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20709

1Shipping point, as used in these standards,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the

producing area or at port of loading for ship stores

or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments

from outside the continental United States, the port

of entry into the United States.

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1146 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit

shall have more than one-third of their

surface, in the aggregate, affected by any

type of discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1147 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1148 U.S. No. 2.

‘‘U.S. No. 2’’ consists of oranges

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onehalf of the surface, in the aggregate, may

be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1161.)

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Mature;

(4) Reasonably well colored;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics;

(6) Not more than slightly misshapen;

and

(7) Not more than slightly rough

texture.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused

by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Riciness or woodiness;

(14) Scab;

(15) Scale;

(16) Scars;

(17) Skin breakdown;

(18) Split, rough or protruding navels;

(19) Sprayburn;

(20) Sunburn;

(21) Thorn scratches; and

(22) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1149 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

more than one-half of their surface, in

the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration.

(a) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(b) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176–51.1179.)

§ 51.1150 U.S. No. 3.

‘‘U.S. No. 3’’ consists of oranges

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Misshapen;

(3) Poorly colored;

(4) Rough texture, not seriously

lumpy;

(5) Similar varietal characteristics;

and

(6) Slightly spongy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage

caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Riciness or woodiness;

(11) Scab;

(12) Scale;

(13) Scars;

(14) Skin breakdown;

(15) Split navels;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1151.

(e) Internal quality: Lots meeting the

internal requirements for ‘‘U.S. Grade

AA Juice (Double A)’’ or ‘‘U.S. Grade A

Juice’’ may be so specified in

connection with the grade. (See

§§ 51.1176—51.1179.)

Tolerances

§ 51.1151 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations

incident to proper grading and handling

in each of the foregoing grades, the

following tolerances, by count, are

provided as specified:

(a) Defects. (1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1

Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden,

U.S. No. 1 Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet,

U.S. No. 2 Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S.

No. 2 Russet grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the specified grade: Provided, that

included in this amount not more than

5 percent shall be allowed for defects

causing very serious damage, including

in this latter amount not more than 1

percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the specified grade:

Provided, that included in this amount

not more than the following percentages

shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very

serious damage, including therein not

more than 5 percent for very serious

damage by permanent defects and not

more than 3 percent for decay or wormy

fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1. Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the grade: Provided, that included in

this amount not more than 1 percent

shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the grade: Provided,

that included in this amount not more

than the following percentages shall be

allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.—(1) U.S. No. 1

Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and
20710 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements relating to discoloration as

specified in each grade. No sample may

have more than 20 percent of the fruit

with excessive discoloration: And

provided further, that the entire lot

averages within the percentage

specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than

30 percent of the fruit shall have in

excess of one-third of their surface, in

the aggregate, and no part of any

tolerance shall be allowed to increase

this percentage. No sample may have

more than 40 percent of the fruit with

excessive discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1

Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit

shall have in excess of one-third of the

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any

tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this

percentage. No sample may have less

than 20 percent of the fruit with

required discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10

percent of the fruit shall have in excess

of one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, affected by discoloration, and

no part of any tolerance shall be allowed

to reduce this percentage: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

§ 51.1152 Application of tolerances.

The contents of individual packages

in the lot, based on sample inspection,

are subject to the following limitations,

unless otherwise specified in § 51.1151:

Provided, that the average for the entire

lot are within the tolerances specified

for the grade:

(a) For packages which contain more

than 15 pounds, and a tolerance of 10

percent or more is provided, individual

packages in any lot shall have not more

than one and one-half times the

tolerance specified. For packages which

contain more than 15 pounds, and a

tolerance of less than 10 percent is

provided, individual packages in any lot

shall have not more than double the

tolerance specified, except that at least

one decayed or very seriously damaged

fruit may be permitted in any package.

(b) For packages which contain 15

pounds or less, individual packages in

any lot are not restricted as to the

percentage of defects: Provided, that not

more than one fruit which is decayed or

otherwise very seriously damaged may

be permitted in any package and, in

addition, en route or at destination not

more than 10 percent of the packages

may have more than one fruit which is

decayed or otherwise very seriously

damaged.

Size

§ 51.1153 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in

size and shall be packed in containers

according to approved and recognized

methods.

(b) ‘‘Fairly uniform in size’’ means

that not more than 10 percent of the

oranges per sample may vary more than

one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations

incident to proper sizing, not more than

10 percent of the samples in any lot may

fail to meet the requirements of size.

Definitions

§ 51.1154 Similar varietal characteristics.

Similar varietal characteristics means

that the fruits in any container are

similar in color and shape.

§ 51.1155 Well colored.

Well colored as applied to common

oranges and tangelos means that the

fruit has characteristic color for the

variety with practically no trace of green

color.

§ 51.1156 Firm.

Firm as applied to common oranges

and tangelos means that the fruit is not

soft, or noticeably wilted or flabby; as

applied to oranges of the Mandarin

group (Satsumas, King, Mandarin),

‘‘firm’’ means that the fruit is not

extremely puffy, although the skin may

be slightly loose.

§ 51.1157 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has

the shape characteristic of the variety.

§ 51.1158 Mature.

Mature shall have the same meaning

assigned the term in the Florida Citrus

Code, Chapter 601, 1995 Edition, and

the Official Rules Affecting the Florida

Citrus Industry, in effect as of February

12, 1995. These orange maturity

requirements are contained in the

Florida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,

Florida Statutes, Sections 601.19, and

601.20, 1995 Edition, and the State of

Florida Department of Citrus Official

Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus

Industry, Part 1, Chapter 20–13 Market

Classification, Maturity Standards and

Processing or Packing Restrictions for

Hybrids in effect as of February 12,

1995. This incorporation by reference

was approved by the Director of the

Federal Register in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies

may be obtained from, Florida

Department of Citrus, Post Office Box

148, Lakeland, Florida 33802 or copies

of both regulations may be inspected at

USDA, AMS, F&VD, FPB,

Standardization Section, Room 2065–S,

14th and Independence Ave.,

Washington, DC 20250 or at the Office

of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800

North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.

§ 51.1159 Smooth texture.

Smooth texture means that the skin is

thin and smooth for the variety and size

of the fruit.

§ 51.1160 Injury.

Injury means any specific defect

described in § 51.1175, Table I; or an

equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects which

slightly detracts from the appearance, or

the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.1161 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a

light shade of golden brown caused by

rust mite or other means. Lighter shades

of discoloration caused by smooth or

fairly smooth superficial scars or other

means may be allowed on a greater area,

or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration

caused by speck type melanose or other

means may detract from the appearance

of the fruit to a greater extent than the

shade and amount of discoloration

allowed for the grade.

§ 51.1162 Fairly smooth texture.

Fairly smooth texture means that the

skin is fairly thin and not coarse for the

variety and size of the fruit.

§ 51.1163 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect

described in § 51.1175, Table I; or an

equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

materially detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.1164 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored as applied to

common oranges and tangelos means

that except for an aggregate area of green

color which does not exceed the area of

a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter,

the characteristic color predominates

over the green color.

§ 51.1165 Reasonably well colored.

Reasonably well colored as applied to

common oranges means that the

characteristic color predominate over
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20711

the green color on at least two-thirds of

the fruit surface, in the aggregate.

§ 51.1166 Poorly colored.

Poorly colored as applied to common

oranges means that not more than 25

percent of the surface may be solid dark

green color.

§ 51.1167 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm as applied to common

oranges and tangelos, means that the

fruit may be slightly soft, but not

bruised; as applied to oranges of the

Mandarin group (Satsumas, King,

Mandarin), means that the skin of the

fruit is not extremely puffy or extremely

loose.

§ 51.1168 Slightly misshapen.

Slightly misshapen means that the

fruit is not of the shape characteristic of

the variety but is not appreciably

elongated or pointed or otherwise

deformed.

§ 51.1169 Slightly rough texture.

Slightly rough texture means that the

skin is not of smooth texture but is not

materially ridged, grooved, or wrinkled.

§ 51.1170 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific

defect described in § 51.1175, Table I; or

an equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.1171 Misshapen.

Misshapen means that the fruit is

decidedly elongated, pointed or

flatsided.

§ 51.1172 Slightly spongy.

Slightly spongy means that the fruit is

puffy or slightly wilted but not flabby.

§ 51.1173 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any

specific defect described in § 51.1175,

Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of

defects, which very seriously detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or

marketing quality of the fruit.

§ 51.1174 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest

dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.

§ 51.1175 Classification of defects.

TABLE I

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

Ammoniation ...................... ........................................... Not occurring as light

speck type.

Scars are cracked or dark

and aggregating more

than a circle 3⁄4 inch

(19.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Bruises ............................... Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are

ruptured.

Fruit is split open, peel is

badly watersoaked, or

rag is ruptured and juice

sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition

affecting all segments

more than 3⁄4 inch (19.9

mm) at bruised area or

the equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when affecting more

than one area on the

fruit.

Buckskin ............................. ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 1 inch (25.4 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Aggregating more than 50

percent of the surface.

Caked melanose ................ ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Creasing ............................. ........................................... Materially weakens the

skin, or extends over

more than one-third of

the surface.

Seriously weakens the

skin, or extends over

more than one-half of

the surface.

Very seriously weakens

the skin, or is distributed

over practically the entire surface.

Dryness or mushy condition ........................................... Affecting all segments

more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments

more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments

more than 3⁄4 inch (19.1

mm) at stem end, or the

equivalent of this

amount, by volume,

when occurring in other

portions of the fruit.

Green spots ........................ Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than a

circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than a

circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm)

in diameter, caused by

scale.

Aggregating more than 1⁄3

of the surface, caused

by scale.

Oil spots ............................. Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 11⁄4 inches (31.8

mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 1⁄3

of the surface.

Scab ................................... ........................................... Materially detracts from

the shape or texture, or

aggregating more than a

circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Seriously detracts from the

shape or texture, or aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.
20712 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

TABLE I—Continued

Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

Scale .................................. More than a few adjacent

to the ‘‘button’’ at the

stem end, or more than

6 scattered on other

portions of the fruit.

Aggregating more than a

circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Scars, Hail, or Thorn

scratches [For smooth or

fairly smooth superficial

scars see § 51.1161.].

Depressed, not smooth, or

detracts from appearance more than the

amount of discoloration

permitted in the grade.

Deep or rough aggregating

more than a circle 1⁄4

inch (6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with

slight depth aggregating

more than a circle 7⁄8

inch (22.2 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly

smooth with slight depth

aggregating more than a

circle 11⁄4 inches (31.8

mm) in diameter.

Deep or rough aggregating

more than a circle 1⁄2

inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with

depth aggregating more

than a circle 11⁄4 inches

(31.8 mm) in diameter;

smooth or fairly smooth

with slight depth aggregating more than 10

percent of fruit surface.

Deep or rough or unsightly

that appearance is very

seriously affected.

Skin breakdown .................. Aggregating more than a

circle 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than a

circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Sprayburn ........................... ........................................... Aggregating more than a

circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Hard and aggregating

more than a circle 11⁄2

inches (38.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25

percent of the surface.

Split, rough, protruding navels.Split is unhealed, or more

than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in

length, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded

and ridged that it detracts from the appearance.

Split is unhealed, or more

than 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) in

length, or more than

three well healed splits,

or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so

wide, folded and ridged

that it detracts from appearance.

Split is unhealed, or more

than 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in length, or two or more

splits aggregate more

than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in

length, or navel protrudes beyond general

contour, and opening is

so wide, folded and

ridged that it detracts

from appearance.

Split is unhealed or fruit is

seriously weakened.

Sunburn .............................. ........................................... Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the

affected area exceeds

25 percent of the surface.

Skin is hard and affects

more than one-third of

the surface.

Aggregating more than 50

percent of the surface.

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on an orange or tangelo 27⁄8 inches (73.0 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Standards for Internal Quality of

Common Sweet Oranges (Citrus

Sinensis (L) Osbeck)

§ 51.1176 U.S. Grade AA Juice (Double A).

Any lot of oranges, the juice content

of which meets the following

requirements, may be designated ‘‘U.S.

Grade AA Juice (Double A)’’:

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an

average of not less than 5 gallons (18.9

liters) of juice per standard packed box

of 13⁄5 bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any

lot of fruit shall have not less than 10

percent total soluble solids, and not less

than one-half of 1 percent anhydrous

citric acid, or more than the permissible

maximum acid specified in Table II of

§ 51.1178.

§ 51.1177 U.S. Grade A Juice.

Any lot of oranges, the juice content

of which meets the following

requirements, may be designated ‘‘U.S.

Grade A Juice’’:

(a) Each lot of fruit shall contain an

average of not less than 41⁄2 gallons (17.0

liters) of juice per standard packed box

of 13⁄5 bushels.

(b) The average juice content for any

lot of fruit shall have not less than 9

percent total soluble solids, and not less

than one-half of 1 percent anhydrous

citric acid, or more than the permissible

maximum acid specified in Table II of

§ 51.1178.

§ 51.1178 Maximum anhydrous citric acid

permissible for corresponding total soluble

solids.

For determining the grade of juice, the

maximum permissible anhydrous citric

acid content in relation to

corresponding total soluble solids in the

fruit is set forth in the following Table

II together with the minimum ratio of

total soluble solids to anhydrous citric

acid:

TABLE II

Total soluble solids

(average pct)

Maximum

anhydrous

citric acid

(average

pct)

Minimum

ratio of total

soluble solids to anhydrous citric

acid

9.0 ................... 0.947 9.50–1

9.1 ................... .963 9.45–1

9.2 ................... .979 9.40–1

9.3 ................... .995 9.35–1

9.4 ................... 1.011 9.30–1

9.5 ................... 1.027 9.25–1

9.6 ................... 1.043 9.20–1

9.7 ................... 1.060 9.15–1

9.8 ................... 1.077 9.10–1

9.9 ................... 1.094 9.05–1

10.0 ................... 1.111 9.00–1

10.1 ................... 1.128 8.95–1

10.2 ................... 1.146 8.90–1

10.3 ................... 1.164 8.85–1

10.4 ................... 1.182 8.80–1

10.5 ................... 1.200 8.75–1

10.6 ................... 1.218 8.70–1

10.7 ................... 1.237 8.65–1
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20713

TABLE II—Continued

Total soluble solids

(average pct)

Maximum

anhydrous

citric acid

(average

pct)

Minimum

ratio of total

soluble solids to anhydrous citric

acid

10.8 ................... 1.256 8.60–1

10.9 ................... 1.275 8.55–1

11.0 ................... 1.294 8.50–1

11.1 ................... 1.306 8.50–1

11.2 ................... 1.318 8.50–1

11.3 ................... 1.329 8.50–1

11.4 ................... 1.341 8.50–1

11.5 ................... 1.353 8.50–1

11.6 ................... 1.365 8.50–1

11.7 ................... 1.376 8.50–1

11.8 ................... 1.388 8.50–1

11.9 ................... 1.400 8.50–1

12.0 ................... 1.412 8.50–1

12.1 ................... 1.424 8.50–1

12.2 ................... 1.435 8.50–1

12.3 ................... 1.447 8.50–1

12.4 ................... 1.459 8.50–1

12.5 ................... 1.471 8.50–1

12.6 ................... 1.482 8.50–1

12.7 ................... 1.494 8.50–1

12.8 ................... 1.506 8.50–1

12.9 ................... 1.517 8.50–1

13.0 ................... 1.530 8.50–1

13.1 ................... 1.541 8.50–1

13.2 ................... 1.553 8.50–1

13.3 ................... 1.565 8.50–1

13.4 ................... 1.576 8.50–1

13.5 ................... 1.588 8.50–1

13.6 ................... 1.600 8.50–1

13.7 ................... 1.612 8.50–1

13.8 ................... 1.624 8.50–1

13.9 ................... 1.635 8.50–1

14.0 ................... 1.647 8.50–1

14.1 ................... 1.659 8.50–1

14.2 ................... 1.671 8.50–1

14.3 ................... 1.682 8.50–1

14.4 ................... 1.694 8.50–1

14.5 ................... 1.705 8.50–1

14.6 ................... 1.718 8.50–1

14.7 ................... 1.729 8.50–1

14.8 ................... 1.741 8.50–1

14.9 ................... 1.753 8.50–1

15.0 ................... 1.765 8.50–1

15.1 ................... 1.776 8.50–1

15.2 ................... 1.788 8.50–1

15.3 ................... 1.800 8.50–1

15.4 ................... 1.812 8.50–1

15.5 ................... 1.824 8.50–1

15.6 or more ..... .................... 8.50–1

§ 51.1179 Method of juice extraction.

The juice used in the determining of

solids, acids and juice content shall be

extracted from representative samples as

thoroughly as possible with a hand

reamer or by such mechanical extractor

or extractors as may be approved. The

juice shall be strained through cheese

cloth or other approved straining device

of extra fine mesh to prevent passage of

juice cells, pulp, or seeds.

4. In part 51, Subpart—United States

Standards for Grades of Florida

Tangerines is revised to read as follows:

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Tangerines

Grades

Sec.

51.1810 U.S. Fancy.

51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

51.1819 U.S. No. 3.

Tolerances

51.1820 Tolerances.

Application of Tolerances

51.1821 Application of tolerances.

Size

51.1822 Size.

Definitions

51.1823 Mature.

51.1824 Firm.

51.1825 Well formed.

51.1826 Damage.

51.1827 Highly colored.

51.1828 Discoloration.

51.1829 Well colored.

51.1830 Fairly well colored.

51.1831 Fairly firm.

51.1832 Fairly well formed.

51.1833 Serious damage.

51.1834 Reasonably well colored.

51.1835 Very serious damage.

51.1836 Diameter.

51.1837 Classification of defects.

Subpart—United States Standards for

Grades of Florida Tangerines

§ 51.1810 U.S. Fancy.

‘‘U.S. Fancy’’ consists of tangerines

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onetenth of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1828.);

(2) Firm;

(3) Highly colored;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Caked melanose;

(2) Decay;

(3) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(4) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Dryness or mushy condition;

(7) Disease;

(8) Green spots;

(9) Hail;

(10) Insects;

(11) Oil spots;

(12) Scab;

(13) Scale;

(14) Scars;

(15) Skin breakdown;

(16) Sprayburn;

(17) Sunburn; and,

(18) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1820.

§ 51.1811 U.S. No. 1 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.1820.

§ 51.1812 U.S. No. 1.

‘‘U.S. No. 1’’ consists of tangerines

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onethird of the surface, in the aggregate,

may be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1828.);

(2) Fairly well colored;

(3) Firm;

(4) Mature; and,

(5) Well formed.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from damage caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunburn; and

(19) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1820.

§ 51.1813 U.S. No. 1 Golden.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

not more than 30 percent, by count, of

the fruit shall have than more one-third

of their surface, in the aggregate,

affected by discoloration. For tolerances

see § 51.1820.

§ 51.1814 U.S. No. 1 Bronze.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit

shall have more than one-third of their
20714 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

1Shipping point, as used in these standards,

means the point of origin of the shipment in the

producing area or at port of loading for ship stores

or overseas shipment, or, in the case of shipments

from outside the continental United States, the port

of entry into the United States.

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration. The predominating

discoloration on each fruit shall be of

rust mite type. For tolerances see

§ 51.1820.

§ 51.1815 U.S. No. 1 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 1 except that

at least 30 percent, by count, of the fruit

shall have more than one-third of their

surface, in the aggregate, affected by any

type of discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.1820.

§ 51.1816 U.S. No. 2 Bright.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

fruit shall have not more than one-fifth

of its surface, in the aggregate, affected

by discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.1820.

§ 51.1817 U.S. No. 2.

‘‘U.S. No. 2’’ consists of tangerines

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Discoloration: Not more than onehalf of the surface, in the aggregate, may

be affected by discoloration. (See

§ 51.1828.);

(2) Fairly firm;

(3) Fairly well formed;

(4) Mature; and

(5) Reasonably well colored.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and,

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from serious damage caused

by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Buckskin;

(4) Caked melanose;

(5) Creasing;

(6) Dirt or other foreign material;

(7) Disease;

(8) Dryness or mushy condition;

(9) Green spots;

(10) Hail;

(11) Insects;

(12) Oil spots;

(13) Scab;

(14) Scale;

(15) Scars;

(16) Skin breakdown;

(17) Sprayburn;

(18) Sunburn; and

(19) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1820.

§ 51.1818 U.S. No. 2 Russet.

The requirements for this grade are

the same as for U.S. No. 2 except that

at least 10 percent of the fruit shall have

more than one-half of their surface, in

the aggregate, affected by any type of

discoloration. For tolerances see

§ 51.1820.

§ 51.1819 U.S. No. 3.

‘‘U.S. No. 3’’ consists of tangerines

which meet the following requirements:

(a) Basic requirements:

(1) Mature;

(2) Not flabby; and

(3) Not seriously lumpy.

(b) Free from:

(1) Decay;

(2) Unhealed skin breaks; and

(3) Wormy fruit.

(c) Free from very serious damage

caused by:

(1) Ammoniation;

(2) Bruises;

(3) Caked melanose;

(4) Creasing;

(5) Dirt or other foreign material;

(6) Disease;

(7) Dryness or mushy condition;

(8) Hail;

(9) Insects;

(10) Scab;

(11) Scale;

(12) Scars;

(13) Skin breakdown;

(14) Sprayburn;

(15) Sunburn; and,

(16) Other means.

(d) For tolerances see § 51.1820.

Tolerances

§ 51.1820 Tolerances.

In order to allow for variations

incident to proper grading and handling

in each of the foregoing grades, the

following tolerances, by count, are

provided as specified:

(a) Defects.

(1) U.S. Fancy, U.S. No. 1 Bright, U.S.

No. 1, U.S. No. 1 Golden, U.S. No. 1

Bronze, U.S. No. 1 Russet, U.S. No. 2

Bright, U.S. No. 2, and U.S. No. 2 Russet

grades.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the specified grade: Provided, that

included in this amount not more than

5 percent shall be allowed for defects

causing very serious damage, including

in this latter amount not more than 1

percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the specified grade:

Provided, that included in this amount

not more than the following percentages

shall be allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 7 percent for defects causing very

serious damage, including therein not

more than 5 percent for very serious

damage by permanent defects and not

more than 3 percent for decay or wormy

fruit.

(2) U.S. No. 3.

(i) For defects at shipping point.1 Not

more than 10 percent of the fruit in any

lot may fail to meet the requirements of

the grade: Provided, that included in

this amount not more than 1 percent

shall be for decay or wormy fruit.

(ii) For defects en route or at

destination. Not more than 12 percent of

the fruit which fail to meet the

requirements of the grade: Provided,

that included in this amount not more

than the following percentages shall be

allowed for defects listed:

(A) 10 percent for fruit having

permanent defects; or,

(B) 3 percent for decay or wormy fruit.

(b) Discoloration.—(1) U.S. No. 1

Bright, U.S. No. 1, U.S. No. 2 Bright, and

U.S. No. 2. Not more than 10 percent of

the fruit in any lot may fail to meet the

requirements relating to discoloration as

specified in each grade. No sample may

have more than 20 percent of the fruit

with excessive discoloration: And

provided further, that the entire lot

averages within the percentage

specified.

(2) U.S. No. 1 Golden. Not more than

30 percent of the fruit shall have in

excess of one-third of their surface, in

the aggregate, affected by discoloration,

and no part of any tolerance shall be

allowed to increase this percentage. No

sample may have more than 40 percent

of the fruit with excessive discoloration:

And provided further, that the entire lot

averages within the percentage

specified.

(3) U.S. No. 1 Bronze, and U.S. No. 1

Russet. At least 30 percent of the fruit

shall have in excess of one-third of the

surface, in the aggregate, affected by

discoloration, and no part of any

tolerance shall be allowed to reduce this

percentage. No sample may have less

than 20 percent of the fruit with

required discoloration: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

(4) U.S. No. 2 Russet. At least 10

percent of the fruit shall have in excess

of one-half of the surface, in the

aggregate, affected by discoloration, and

no part of any tolerance shall be allowed

to reduce this percentage: And provided

further, that the entire lot averages

within the percentage specified.

Application of Tolerances

§ 51.1821 Application of tolerances.

The contents of individual packages

in the lot, based on sample inspection,
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations 20715

are subject to the following limitations,

unless otherwise specified in § 51.1820:

Provided, that the average for the entire

lot are within the tolerance specified for

the grade:

(a) For packages which contain more

than 15 pounds, and a tolerance of 10

percent or more is provided, individual

packages in any lot shall have not more

than one and one-half times the

tolerance specified. For packages which

contain more than 15 pounds, and a

tolerance of less than 10 percent is

provided, individual packages in any lot

shall have not more than double the

tolerance specified, except that at least

one decayed or very seriously damaged

fruit may be permitted in any package.

(b) For packages which contain 15

pounds or less, individual packages in

any lot are not restricted as to the

percentage of defects: Provided, that not

more than one fruit which is decayed or

otherwise very seriously damaged may

be permitted in any package and, in

addition, en route or at destination not

more than 10 percent of the packages

may have more than one fruit which is

decayed or otherwise very seriously

damaged.

Size

§ 51.1822 Size.

(a) Fruits shall be fairly uniform in

size and shall be packed in containers

according to approved and recognized

methods.

(b) ‘‘Fairly uniform in size’’ means

that not more than 10 percent of the

tangerines per sample may vary more

than one-half inch in diameter.

(c) In order to allow for variations

incident to proper sizing, not more than

10 percent of the samples in any lot may

fail to meet the requirements of size.

Definitions

§ 51.1823 Mature.

Mature shall have the same meaning

assigned the term in the Florida Citrus

Code, Chapter 601, 1995 Edition, and

the Official Rules Affecting the Florida

Citrus Industry, in effect as of February

12, 1995. These tangerine maturity

requirements are contained in the

Florida Citrus Code, Chapter 601,

Florida Statutes, Sections 601.21, and

601.22, 1995 Edition, and the State of

Florida Department of Citrus Official

Rules Affecting the Florida Citrus

Industry, Part 1, Chapter 20–13 Market

Classification, Maturity Standards and

Processing or Packing Restrictions for

Hybrids in effect as of February 12,

1995. This incorporation by reference

was approved by the Director of the

Federal Register in accordance with 5

U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies

may be obtained from, Florida

Department of Citrus, Post Office Box

148, Lakeland, Florida 33802 or copies

of both regulations may be inspected at

USDA, AMS, F&VD, FPB,

Standardization Section, Room 2065–S,

14th and Independence Ave.,

Washington, DC 20250 or at the Office

of the Federal Register, Suite 700, 800

North Capitol Street, Washington, DC.

§ 51.1824 Firm.

Firm means that the flesh is not soft

and the fruit is not badly puffy and that

the skin has not become materially

separated from the flesh of the

tangerine.

§ 51.1825 Well formed.

Well formed means that the fruit has

the characteristic tangerine shape and is

not deformed.

§ 51.1826 Damage.

Damage means any specific defect

described in § 51.1837, Table I; or an

equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

materially detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.1827 Highly colored.

Highly colored means that the ground

color of each fruit is a deep tangerine

color, or characteristic color for the

variety, with practically no trace of

yellow color.

§ 51.1828 Discoloration.

Discoloration means russeting of a

light shade of golden brown caused by

rust mite or other means. Lighter shades

of discoloration caused by smooth or

fairly smooth superficial scars or other

means may be allowed on a greater area,

or darker shades may be allowed on a

lesser area, provided no discoloration

caused by speck type melanose or other

means may detract from the appearance

of the fruit to a greater extent than the

shade and amount of discoloration

allowed in the grade.

§ 51.1829 Well colored.

Well colored means that a good

yellow or better ground color

predominates over the green color on

the entire fruit surface with no distinct

green color present, and that some

portion of the surface has a reddish

tangerine blush, or characteristic color

for the variety.

§ 51.1830 Fairly well colored.

Fairly well colored means that the

surface of the fruit may have green color

which does not exceed the aggregate

area of a circle 1–1⁄4 inches (31.8 mm)

in diameter and that the remainder of

the surface has a yellow or better ground

color with some portion of the surface

showing reddish tangerine blush, or

characteristic color for the variety.

§ 51.1831 Fairly firm.

Fairly firm means that the flesh may

be slightly soft but is not bruised or

badly puffy, and that the skin has not

become seriously separated from the

flesh of the tangerine.

§ 51.1832 Fairly well formed.

Fairly well formed means that the fruit

may not have the shape characteristic of

the variety but that it is not badly

deformed.

§ 51.1833 Serious damage.

Serious damage means any specific

defect described in § 51.1837, Table I; or

an equally objectionable variation of any

one of these defects, any other defect, or

any combination of defects, which

seriously detracts from the appearance,

or the edible or marketing quality of the

fruit.

§ 51.1834 Reasonably well colored.

Reasonably well colored means that a

good yellow or reddish tangerine color

shall predominate over the green color

on at least one-half of the fruit surface

in the aggregate, and that each fruit shall

show practically no lemon color.

§ 51.1835 Very serious damage.

Very serious damage means any

specific defect described in § 51.1837,

Table I; or an equally objectionable

variation of any one of these defects,

any other defect, or any combination of

defects, which very seriously detracts

from the appearance, or the edible or

marketing quality of the fruit.

§ 51.1836 Diameter.

Diameter means the greatest

dimension measured at right angles to a

line from stem to blossom end.
20716 Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 90 / Wednesday, May 8, 1996 / Rules and Regulations

§ 51.1837 Classification of defects.

TABLE I

Factor Damage Serious damage Very serious damage

Ammoniation ................................. Not occurring as light speck type,

or detracts more than discoloration permitted in the grade.

Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8

inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Bruises .......................................... Segment walls are collapsed, or

rag is ruptured and juice sacs

are ruptured.

Segment walls are collapsed, or

rag is ruptured and juice sacs

are ruptured.

Fruit is split open, peel is badly

watersoaked, or rag is ruptured

and juice sacs are ruptured

causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than

1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) at bruised

area or the equivalent of this

amount, by volume, when affecting more than one area on

the fruit.

Buckskin ........................................ Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4

inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Aggregating more than 50 percent

of the surface.

Caked melanose ........................... Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄8

inch (9.5 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8

inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Creasing ........................................ Materially weakens the skin, or

extends over more than onethird of the surface.

Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half

of the surface.

Very seriously weakens the skin,

or is distributed over practically

the entire surface.

Dryness or mushy condition ......... Affecting all segments more than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) at stem end,

or the equivalent of this amount,

by volume, when occurring in

other portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end,

or the equivalent of this amount,

by volume, when occurring in

other portions of the fruit.

Affecting all segments more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end,

or the equivalent of this amount,

by volume, when occurring in

other portions of the fruit.

Green spots .................................. Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2

inch (12.7 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8

inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Oil spots ........................................ Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2

inch (12.7 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4

inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Scab .............................................. Materially detracts from the shape

or texture, or aggregating more

than a circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm)

in diameter.

Seriously detracts from the shape

or texture, or aggregating more

than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm)

in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Scale ............................................. Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄8

inch (9.5 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8

inch (15.9 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Scars, Hail, and Thorn scratches

[For smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars see § 51.1828.].

Deep or rough aggregating more

than a circle 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm)

in diameter; slightly rough with

slight depth aggregating more

than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm)

in diameter; smooth or fairly

smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11⁄8

inches (28.6 mm) in diameter.

Deep or rough aggregating more

than a circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm)

in diameter; slightly rough with

slight depth aggregating more

than a circle 11⁄8 inches (28.6

mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent

of fruit surface.

Deep or rough or unsightly that

appearance is very seriously affected.

Skin breakdown ............................ Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2

inch (12.7 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4

inch (19.1 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Sprayburn ...................................... Skin is hard and aggregating

more than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1

mm) in diameter.

Skin is hard and aggregating

more than a circle 11⁄4 inches

(31.8 mm) in diameter.

Aggregating more than 25 percent

of the surface.

Sunburn ......................................... Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or

hard and the affected area exceeds 25 percent of the surface.

Skin is hard and affects more than

one-third of the surface.

Aggregating more than 50 percent

of the surface.

Note: All references to area or aggregate area, or length are based on a tangerine 21⁄2 inches in diameter (63.5 mm), allowing proportionately

greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Dated: May 2, 1996.

Robert C. Keeney,

Director, Fruit and Vegetable Division.

[FR Doc. 96–11457 Filed 5–7–96; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3410–02–P