U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Dairy Forage Research: Madison, WI
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Madison, Wisconsin U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Dairy Forage Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Grabber, John
  Submitted to: ASA-CSSA-SSSA Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/12/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 11/1/2009
                                    Citation: Grabber, J.H. 2009. Acetone Enhances the Direct Analysis of Total Condensed Tannins in Forage Legumes by the Butanol-HCl Assay. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Proceedings. Abstract 54581.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Depending on concentration, condensed tannins (CT) in forages have no effect, enhance, or impede protein utilization and performance of ruminants. Defining optimal forage CT levels has been elusive, partly because current methods for estimating total soluble plus insoluble CT are laborious or inaccurate. In this study, various co-solvents were evaluated for enhancing CT recovery and quantitation during rapid direct analysis of plant tissues by the widely used spectrophotometric butanol-HCl method. Among the co-solvents evaluated, acetone proved most effective for consistently increasing anthrocyanidin yields from CT standards and particularly plant tissues. When used in conjunction with appropriate CT standards, amending butanol-HCl reagent with 400 mL/L acetone increased tissue CT estimates from 13.3 to 34.2 g/kg in Lotus corniculatus and from 21.4 to 69.4 g/kg in Lotus uliginosus. Additional acetone had no effect on anthrocyanidin yields from L. corniculatus tissue, but adversely affected standards. Conversely, additional acetone increased anthrocyanidin yields from L. uliginosus tissue without affecting standards. Amending butanol-HCl with acetone did not alter CT estimates for Lotus neutral-detergent fiber (NDF). Thus acetone may partly act by enhancing CT accessibility during butanol-HCl hydrolysis, which is consistent with the widespread use of aqueous acetone for isolating soluble CT from plant tissue. Among other variables examined, running L. uliginosus CT standards with tannin-free tissue or NDF from Medicago sativa slightly reduced anthrocyanidin yields as did running assays of tissues from either Lotus species with a smaller volume of reagent. Thus, conditions for CT quantitation should be optimized for each type of plant material.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov