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Title:   Author  item
                                            Wilhelm, Wallaceitem
                                            HESS, J - Idaho National Laboratoryitem
                                            Karlen, Douglasitem
                                            Johnson, Janeitem
                                            MUTH, DAVID - Idaho National Laboratoryitem
                                            Baker, Johnitem
                                            Gollany, Heroitem
                                            Novak, Jeffreyitem
                                            Stott, Dianeitem
                                            Varvel, Gary
  Submitted to: Industrial Biotechnology 
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/27/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 10/1/2010
                                    Citation: Wilhelm, W.W., Hess, J.R., Karlen, D.L., Johnson, J.M., Muth, D.J., Baker, J.M., Gollany, H.T., Novak, J.M., Stott, D.E., Varvel, G.E. 2010. Balancing limiting factors and economic drivers for sustainable midwestern U.S. agricultural residue feedstock supplies. Industrial Biotechnology. 6(5):271-287.Interpretive Summary: Advanced biofuels will be developed using cellulosic feedstock rather than grain or oilseed crops that can also be used for food and feed. To be sustainable, these new agronomic production systems must be economically viable without degrading the soil and other natural resources. This review examines six agronomic factors that collectively define many of the limits and opportunities for harvesting crop residue for biofuel feedstock in the Midwestern United States. The six “limiting factors” are discussed in relationship to economic drivers associated with harvesting corn stover as a potential cellulosic feedstock. The limiting factors include soil organic carbon, wind and water erosion, plant nutrient balance, soil water and temperature dynamics, soil compaction, and off-site environmental impacts. Initial evaluations using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2.0 (RUSLE2) show that a single factor analysis based on simply meeting tolerable soil loss (T) might indicate stover could be harvested sustainably, but the same analysis based on maintaining soil organic carbon shows the practice to be non-sustainable. Modifying agricultural management to include either annual or perennial cover crops is shown to meet both soil erosion and soil carbon requirements. The importance of achieving high yields and planning in a holistic manner at the landscape scale are also shown to be crucial for balancing limitations and drivers associated with renewable bioenergy production.
                                Technical Abstract: Advanced biofuels will be developed using cellulosic feedstock rather than grain or oilseed crops that can also be used for food and feed. To be sustainable, these new agronomic production systems must be economically viable without degrading the soil and other natural resources. This review examines six agronomic factors that collectively define many of the limits and opportunities for harvesting crop residue for biofuel feedstock in the Midwestern United States. The six “limiting factors” are discussed in relationship to economic drivers associated with harvesting corn stover as a potential cellulosic feedstock. The limiting factors include soil organic carbon, wind and water erosion, plant nutrient balance, soil water and temperature dynamics, soil compaction, and off-site environmental impacts. Initial evaluations using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2.0 (RUSLE2) show that a single factor analysis based on simply meeting tolerable soil loss (T) might indicate stover could be harvested sustainably, but the same analysis based on maintaining soil organic carbon shows the practice to be non-sustainable. Modifying agricultural management to include either annual or perennial cover crops is shown to meet both soil erosion and soil carbon requirements. The importance of achieving high yields and planning in a holistic manner at the landscape scale are also shown to be crucial for balancing limitations and drivers associated with renewable bioenergy production.


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