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Title:   Author  item
                                            He, Louisitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*
  Submitted to: World Veterinary Poultry Association Congress Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/4/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 9/10/2007
                                    Citation: He, H., Genovese, K.J., Kogut, M.H. 2007. Innate immune responses to microbial agonist stimulations in heterophils and monocytes from young commercial turkeys [abstract]. In: Proceedings of World Veterinary Poultry Association, September 10-15, 2007, Beijing, China. p. 593.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens and pathogen associated molecular patterns and incites inflammatory immune responses to control the infection.  Here, we examined functional innate immune responses of turkey heterophils and monocytes to microbial agonist stimulations by measuring antimicrobial activities including oxidative burst, degranulation in heterophils, and nitric oxide production in peripheral blood monocytes.  TLR agonists examined in this study include lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) from Staphylococcus aureus and synthetic lipoprotein Pam3CSK4 (PAM) for TLR2, poly I:C (synthetic double stranded RNA analog) for TLR3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella enteritidis for TLR4, flagellin (FGN) from Salmonella typhimurium for TLR5, loxoribine (LOX) and R837 (synthetic anti-viral compounds) for TLR7/8, and CpG oligodeoxydinucleotide (CpG ODN) for TLR9.  Our results demonstrate differential nitric oxide responses to various TLR agonist stimulations in turkey peripheral blood monocytes.  LTA and CpG-ODN were found to be the most potent stimuli for nitric oxide induction followed by PAM, poly I:C, and LPS, whereas FGN, PGN, LOX, R837, and control ODN did not stimulate nitric oxide production.  In contrast to peripheral monocytes, most TLR agonists did not stimulate significant oxidative burst and degranulation responses in turkey heterophils, except for CpG ODN which stimulated elevated degranulation activity.


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