U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Northeast Area Beltsville, Maryland (BHNRC) Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Food Components and Health Laboratory Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Gebauer, Sarahitem
                                            DESTAILLATS, FREDERICK - Nestleitem
                                            Baer, David
  Submitted to: Contemporary Clinical Trials
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/22/2011
                                    Publication  Date: 3/31/2011
                                    Citation: Gebauer, S.K., Destaillats, F., Baer, D.J. 2011. Effect of trans fatty acids isomers from ruminant sources on risk factors of cardiovascular disease: study design and rationale. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 32:569-76.Interpretive Summary: Dietary trans fatty acids come from two sources:  they occur naturally in beef and dairy foods and also are formed during the partial hydrogenation of oils.  Many research studies have shown that there are harmful results from eating industrially-produced trans fatty acids (TFA).  The effects of naturally occurring trans fatty acids are less clear because this source of dietary trans fatty acids has not been studied as extensively.  Vaccenic acid is the predominant form of trans fatty acids in naturally occurring products whereas a mixture of different trans fatty acids is produced during partial hydrogenation of oils.  Thus, the current study was designed to determine whether consumption of different sources of TFA may differentially affect risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study was a randomized, crossover design, controlled-feeding intervention.  Four diets were tested: 1) a low TFA diet (base diet, 34% energy from fat; 0.1% energy from TFA), 2) base diet with vaccenic acid (3.0% energy), 3) base diet with mixed isomers from TFA from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (3.0% energy), and 4) base diet with cis-9, trans-11 CLA (1.0% energy). The energy from TFA replaced energy from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid that minimally effects LDL cholesterol.  Volunteers were required to be between the ages of 25 and 65 years, have a body mass index between 20 and 38 kg/m2, total cholesterol < 280 mg/dl, fasting triacylglycerol < 300 mg/dl, fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl, and blood pressure < 160/100 mm Hg (controlled with certain medications). Of the 116 participants who were randomized, a total of 95 completed the intervention. Results from this study will be important in determining whether ruminant TFA and industrially-produced TFA differentially affect markers of cardiovascular risk, in the context of a highly-controlled feeding study.  These data will be important to the regulatory agencies globally who are deciding how to label trans fatty acids, to consumers interested in their health, and to health care professionals seeking to provide science-based recommendations to their clients.
                                Technical Abstract: Substantial evidence clearly demonstrates the deleterious effects of industrially-produced trans fatty acids (TFA); however, data are lacking from large, well-controlled human feeding studies that directly compare the effects of industrially-produced and naturally-occurring TFA. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether consumption of TFA derived from different sources differentially affect risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study was a randomized, crossover design, controlled-feeding intervention designed to compare the effects of the following diet treatments on risk factors of CVD: a low TFA diet (base diet, 34% energy from fat; 0.1% energy from TFA), base diet with vaccenic acid (3.0% energy), base diet with mixed isomers from TFA from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (3.0% energy), and base diet with cis-9, trans-11 CLA (1.0% energy). The energy from TFA replaced energy from stearic acid. Participants were required to be between the ages of 25 and 65 years, have a body mass index between 20 and 38 kg/m2, total cholesterol < 280 mg/dl, fasting triacylglycerol < 300 mg/dl, fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl, and blood pressure < 160/100 mm Hg (controlled with certain medications). Of the 116 participants who were randomized, a total of 95 completed the intervention. Results from this study will be important in determining whether ruminant TFA and industrially-produced TFA differentially affect markers of cardiovascular risk, in the context of a highly-controlled feeding study.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov