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Title:   Author  item
                                            ELSIK, CHRISTINE - GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITYitem
                                            GIBBS, RICHARD - BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDitem
                                            SKOW, LOREN - TEXAS A&Mitem
                                            TELLAM, ROSS - CSIROitem
                                            WEINSTOCK, GEORGE - WASH UNIV SCHOOL OF MEDitem
                                            WORLEY, KIMBERLY - BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDitem
                                            Kappes, Steven

                                                         - *Steve*item
                                            Green, Ronalditem
                                            Alexander, Leesonitem
                                            Bennett, Garyitem
                                            Carroll, Jeffery

                                                         - *Jeff Carroll*item
                                            Chitko-Mckown, Carolitem
                                            HAMERNIK, DEBORA - USDA-CSREESitem
                                            Harhay, Gregoryitem
                                            Keele, Johnitem
                                            Liu, Ge

                                                         - *George*item
                                            Macneil, Michaelitem
                                            MATUKUMALLI, LAKSHMI - USDA-ARS-BARCitem
                                            Rijnkels, Moniqueitem
                                            Roberts, Andrewitem
                                            Smith, Timothy

                                                         - *Tim*item
                                            Snelling, Warrenitem
                                            Stone, Rogeritem
                                            Waterman, Richarditem
                                            White, Stephenitem
                                            Sonstegard, Taditem
                                            Van Tassell, Curtis

                                                         - *Curt*
  Submitted to: Science
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/16/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 4/24/2009
                                    Citation: Elsik, C.G., Gibbs, R., Skow, L., Tellam, R., Weinstock, G., Worley, K., Kappes, S.M., Green, R.D., Alexander, L.J., Bennett, G.L., Carroll, J.A., Chitko Mckown, C.G., Hamernik, D.L., Harhay, G.P., Keele, J.W., Liu, G., Macneil, M.D., Matukumalli, L.K., Rijnkels, M., Roberts, A.J., Smith, T.P., Snelling, W.M., Stone, R.T., Waterman, R.C., White, S.N. 2009. The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle: A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution. Science. 324:522-528.Interpretive Summary: As a major step toward understanding the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to ~7x coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 identifiable equivalents found in seven mammalian species. There are many evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes identified by cross-species analysis, but those that are cattle-specific have a higher density of chromosome segment duplications, several types of repetitive elements, and species-specific variants in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism were found highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human counterparts. The cattle genome sequence provides a new resource for mammalian genome annotation and for accelerating genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
                                Technical Abstract: As a major step toward understanding the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to ~7x coverage using a combined whole genome shotgun and BAC skim approach. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs found in seven mammalian species. Evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes that are cattle-specific have a higher density of segmental duplications, several types of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism were found highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human counterparts. The cattle genome sequence provides a new resource for mammalian genome annotation and for accelerating genetic improvement for milk and meat production.


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