U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Northeast Area Beltsville, Maryland (BHNRC) Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Food Components and Health Laboratory Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            CARKEET, COLLEEN - NUTRILIFEitem
                                            Clevidence, Beverlyitem
                                            Novotny, Janet
  Submitted to: Journal of Nutrition
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/28/2008
                                    Publication  Date: 5/1/2008
                                    Citation: Carkeet, C., Clevidence, B.A., Novotny, J. 2008. Anthocyanin excretion by humans increases linearly with increasing strawberry dose. Journal of Nutrition.  138(5):897-902.Interpretive Summary: Many of the red, blue, and purple colors of fruits and vegetables result from healthful phytonutrients called anthocyanins. Consumption of foods containing these pigments can provide protection against cancer, improve brain function, and promote cardiovascular health. Strawberries are rich in anthocyanins, and it is these healthful pigments that give strawberries their color.  Moreover, strawberries are a popular commodity and are the fifth highest consumed fresh fruit in the United States, with strawberry consumption doubling during the past decade.   We conducted a clinical nutrition study to determine if consuming increasing doses of strawberries delivers increasing amounts of anthocyanin to body tissues or if absorption is saturated at low doses.  We showed that the body’s ability to absorb anthocyanin pigments from strawberries is not saturated by large serving sizes (at or below about 14 ounces), thus the body can assimulate more healthful pigments with increasing dose. These results will be used by nutrition scientists to evaluate the healthful properties of individual anthocyanins and by plant scientists to develop strawberry cultivars with optimal anthocyanin content. Health professionals will use these results to make dietary recommendations based on the beneficial health properties of strawberries.
                                Technical Abstract: A clinical study was conducted to investigate the dose response and metabolism of strawberry anthocyanins. In a crossover study design, twelve healthy adults consumed each of three strawberry treatments. The treatments were 100 g, 200 g, and 400 g of pureed strawberries, delivering 15 micromol, 30 micromol, and 60 micromol anthocyanin, respectively. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours after each dose, and samples were analyzed by HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography) with DAD(drode array detector) and ion trap mass spectrometry. Pelargonidin-3-glucoside (Pg-3-glu) was the major anthocyanin form in the treatments, and Pg-3-glu and three metabolites of Pg-3-glu (detected as monoglucuronides) were observed in urine after the strawberry ingestion. One predominant monoglucuronide form was detected in urine in masses 10-fold higher than the other two monoglucuronide forms. Increasing dose resulted in increasing appearance of anthocyanins in urine, and mass of each pelargonidin monoglucuronide increased in urine with increasing dose. These results suggest that pelargonidin-3-glucoside absorption and metabolism are not saturated at masses less than or equal to 60 micromol, thus showing that more strawberry anthocyanin can be absorbed with increasing dose.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov