AXA

Société Anonyme(a joint stock corporation) with Management and Supervisory Boards

Stated capital: 4,792,714,239.06 euros

R.C.S. (Paris Trade and Company Register) : 572 093 920 PARIS







BYLAWS

(May 14, 2007)Registered office: 25, avenue Matignon  75008 Paris

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TITLE I

STRUCTURE - CORPORATE NAME - PURPOSE - OFFICE - TERM

Article 1 - Corporate structure

The Company is a stock corporation known as société anonymeunder French law with aManagement Board and a Supervisory Board.

It is governed by existing and future statutory and regulatory provisions as applicable andunder the present bylaws.

Article 2 - Corporate name

The name of the Company is: AXA

Any instruments or documents intended for third parties shall contain the name of theCompany, immediately preceded or followed by the words "société anonyme"or by theinitials "S.A. - with Management and Supervisory Boards" as well as the amount of theCompany share capital, including the place of incorporation and the registration number ofthe Company as recorded in the Trade and Company Register.

Article 3 - Purpose

The purpose of the Company is:

-To have equity interests whatever their forms in any French or foreign companies orbusinesses, regardless of their legal corporate structure, to manage and, as the case maybe, to dispose of said equity interests, as well as to take part in any and all transactionswhich directly or indirectly relate to said purpose, or are in furtherance thereof,

-And in particular, within this framework, to acquire and manage equity interests whatevertheir forms, directly or indirectly, in any French or foreign insurance companies orbusinesses,

-To acquire, manage and sell all listed or unlisted shares and securities, including all realand movable property, as well as all rights, listed or unlisted stock, and movable propertyrelated to said assets,

-And generally speaking, to perform any and all industrial, commercial, financial, realestate or movable property transactions, directly or indirectly related to the purposedefined above or in furtherance thereof.

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Article 4  Registered office

The Companys registered office is located at 25, avenue Matignon, 75008 Paris, France.

It may be moved to any other location within the same district or in its surrounding area, upondecision by the Board and subject to ratification by shareholders at their next annual generalmeeting, or to any other location as resolved by Shareholders convened at an extraordinarymeeting.

Article 5 - Term of the Company

The term of the Company shall end on December 31, 2059 unless the Company is dissolvedearlier or its term extended.

TITLE II

STATED CAPITAL - SHARES

Article 6 - Stated capital

The Companys stated capital represents 4,792,714,239.06 divided into 2,092,888,314 fullypaid-up shares.

Shares issued or to be issued as capital stock, provided that they are of the same class andhave the same paid-up par value, are fully interchangeable insofar as they bear the sameownership rights. In the event of profit distribution such as total or partial redemption of theircapital value, holders of such shares shall be entitled to the same net amount and any taxesdue or payable duties shall be evenly distributed among them.

Successive changes in the share capital, contributions in cash or in kind received by theCompany and the terms for issuance of shares in exchange thereof are set out in theattachments to the present bylaws.

Article 7 - Share certificate

Fully paid-up shares may be issued in the name of the holder of record or in bearer form asthe holder so chooses pursuant to existing laws and regulations.

Shares shall be subject to registration under the terms and conditions as provided by existinglaws and regulations.

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Any person directly or indirectly holding an amount of shares representing 0.5% of the statedcapital or its voting rights, through the intermediary of companies held under their control inthe meaning of Article L 233-3 of the French Commercial Code , is bound, within five daysof registering such shares that makes them reach or exceeds this limit, notify the Company byregistered letter with return receipt requested, the total number of shares or the number ofvoting rights held as well as the total number of stock owned that will ultimately give themaccess to the stated capital and potential voting rights attached thereto.

This notification must be made again under the conditions as stated above each time thecapital amount or voting rights exceed another 0,5% limit. Shareholders whose interest in theshare capital of the Company falls below any of the aforementioned thresholds is also boundto inform the Company of their status within five business days according to the sameprocedures.

Unless reported as described above, shares in excess of the fraction that should have beenreported shall not be entitled to vote at meetings of shareholders if during such meetings,failure to do has been recorded and if one or more shareholders jointly own at least 5% of theshare capital so request. Loss of voting rights shall be applicable in all shareholder meetingsthat shall be held up until two years following proper notification.

The Company may rightfully, at its own cost and at all times as provided by law, request froma securities clearing house any information it needs concerning the identity of holders ofcompany stock that gives them immediate or ultimate voting rights in shareholder meetings,including the number of shares held by each of them.

Article 8  Share-related rights

Ownership of one company share automatically gives its holder the right to take part inshareholder annual general meetings and fully subjects him to company bylaws.

The heirs, assignees, trustees or creditors of any shareholder may not, whatever the reason,request division or sale by auction of companys shares, assets and properties nor may theyintervene in any manner whatsoever in the governance of the Company. To exercise theirrights, they must refer to the companys financial statements and to the decisions made byshareholders at annual general meetings.

Article 9  Release of shares

To increase capital, a decision may be made by shareholders or the Management Board, ifgiven the power to do so, to release shares for purchase, either in total or in part, provided thatthe fraction to be released shall not represent less than a quarter of the par value of the shares.Any surplus may be called up one or more times as allowed under the law.

Subscribers and shareholders shall be advised of the fraction to be released at least fifteendays before the date set for each payment, either through an legal notice placed in an officialnewspaper at the place of the registered office, or by letter sent by registered mail to each ofthe parties under the same deadline.

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In the event that payments for the release of shares have not have been made on the set date,the amounts due shall bear interest at the legal rate in force increased by two points for eachday in arrears without there being any need for legal action or formal notice, and withoutregard to extra time required because of distance.

In addition, the Company may take legal action to cause the execution and sale of shares notpaid up in due time as provided by law. It may also bring civil action or a common law suitagainst concerned shareholders and their guarantors either before, after, or during the sale ofsuch shares.

TITLE III

THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

Article 10  Composition of the Supervisory Board

A - Appointment

1.    The Supervisory Board is composed of at least three and no more than eighteen .Pursuant to legislation in force, a temporary exception may be made in the event of amerger.

Members of the Supervisory Board shall be appointed by the majority Shareholders attheir Annual General Meeting.

In the event of one or more vacancies, the Supervisory Board may appoint temporarymembers before the next shareholder meeting.

Temporary appointments made by the Supervisory Board are subject to ratification byshareholders at their next annual general meeting. A member appointed to replace anothershall only remain in office for the remainder of the term of his predecessor.

In the event that the number of Supervisory Board members is reduced to less than three,the Management Board shall immediately proceed to call an ordinary meeting ofshareholders in order to fill the existing Board vacancies.

2.    During their term, each member of the Supervisory Board must own at least one hundredshares.

3.    Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed for a four year-term. Their duties asmembers of the Supervisory Board end at the close of the annual general meeting ofshareholders convened to approve the companys final accounts for fiscal year ended andheld during the year when their term of office expires.

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In the event that members of the Supervisory Board were to be replaced in their entirety,the term of office of half of the designated members, or rounded down, if need be, to thenearest number, would expire at the end of two years, and the remainder, at the end offour years, in the order determined by a selection process through drawing performedduring a Board meeting.

Members of the Supervisory Board or authorized agents of legal entities members of theSupervisory Board may not stay in office after age seventy. However, this rule may bewaived for a maximum one-third of the active members of the Supervisory Board(individuals or representatives of legal entities). In the event this should apply, the termof office granted by shareholders to members of the Supervisory Board who haveexceeded this age limit shall be no more than two years and only renewable once.

If the authorized agent of a legal entity member of the Supervisory Board cannot be heldin office, said entity shall replace him with someone else within one month to fill thevacancy, failing which, he shall be deemed to have resigned.

If the one third quota is not respected and if the seventy years old Supervisory Boardmember has not resigned, the oldest member will be deemed to have resigned.

B - Removal

Members of the Supervisory Board may be removed from office by decision of Shareholdersat all times, without notice or indemnity.

C - Election of an employee shareholder representative to the Supervisory Board

1.    In accordance with regulations in force and with these Bylaws, the Shareholders,assembled in an ordinary meeting, shall elect a member to the Supervisory Board whorepresents all employee shareholders, provided that the legal prerequisites are met.

2.      This employee shareholder representative shall be elected for a four-year term of office.Notwithstanding the foregoing, the employee shareholder representative to theSupervisory Board shall be automatically removed from office if he or she ceases to beemployed by the Company or a subsidiary or inter-company partnership affiliated withAXA within the meaning of Article L.225-180 of the French Company Code (Code decommerce).

3.      Candidates for the employee shareholder representative seat on the Supervisory Boardshall be nominated in the following way:

a) If the voting rights attached to shares held by the employees are exercised on theirbehalf by the members of the supervisory board of a mutual fund, the board maynominate two candidates at most.

If there are several mutual funds of this type, the Management Board may opt toregroup the supervisory boards for funds that hold the assets of AXA employeeshareholders in France, on the one hand, and the supervisory boards for international

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funds that hold the assets of AXA employee shareholders in countries other thanFrance. In this case, each regrouping of funds could nominate no more than twocandidates.

b) If the voting rights attached to shares held by employees are directly exercised bythe employees, candidates for the seat on the Supervisory Board shall be nominatedin the manner described below.

The consultation of employee shareholders may be carried out using any technicalmeans, including electronic or mail-in voting, provided they give an accurate tally ofthe votes cast. Each employee has as many votes as shares owned, either directly orindirectly via units held in an employer-sponsored mutual fund with individualexercise of voting rights.

Only the candidates having received more than 2% of the votes cast in theconsultation of employee shareholders shall be submitted to a vote of theshareholders assembled for a general meeting.

4.      With respect to the application of paragraph 3. a) and prior to the General Meeting ofShareholders, the Management Board shall formally request that the supervisory boardsof the relevant mutual funds nominate one or more candidates.

With respect to the application of paragraph 3. b) and prior to the General Meeting ofShareholders, the Management Board shall determine the procedures for consultingemployee shareholders who directly exercise their voting rights for the purpose ofnominating their candidate(s).

5.      The Management Board shall determine any nomination procedures that are notprovided for by law, regulations in force or these Bylaws, including those pertaining tothe timetable for nominating candidates and those pertaining to the designation ofemployee shareholder representatives to attend the shareholders meeting.

6.    For each of the procedures mentioned in paragraphs 3. a) and 3. b), a written summary ofthe proceedings shall be drawn up, recording the number of votes cast for each of thecandidates.

This list must contain the names of at least two candidates.

The candidate lists shall be mentioned in the notice sent to shareholders prior to meetingat which the latter shall be called on to elect the employee shareholder representative tothe Supervisory Board.

7.      The member of the Supervisory Board elected to represent employee shareholders shallbe elected by the shareholders assembled at an ordinary general meeting, in accordancewith the same procedures that pertain to the election of any member of the SupervisoryBoard.

This member of the Supervisory Board shall not be taken into consideration for thepurpose of determining the minimum and maximum numbers of members theSupervisory Board may have pursuant to Article L.225-69 of the Company Code.

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8. In the event of a vacancy, and regardless of why it has arisen, the candidates to theemployee shareholder representative seat on the Supervisory Board shall be designatedfollowing the same procedures as those indicated hereinabove and prior to the nextordinary general meeting or, if this meeting is held less than four months after the seathas become vacant prior to the following ordinary general meeting. The new memberelected to replace the outgoing officeholder shall be elected by the shareholders to servea four-year term.

In the interval leading up to the election of the new employee shareholderrepresentative, the Supervisory Board may continue to hold meetings and conductbusiness as usual.

9.       In the event that the report submitted annually by the Management Board to theshareholders pursuant to Article L.225-102 of the Company Code reveals that thepercentage of the Companys share capital owned by employee shareholders as per theaforementioned Article has fallen to less than 3 percent of the Companys total sharecapital, the current term office of the employee shareholder representative shall end atthe close of the Shareholders Meeting at which such report was submitted. In suchcase, if the seat in question is vacant for any reason whatsoever between the end of thefiscal year and the date of the aforementioned shareholders meeting, the SupervisoryBoard may continue to hold meetings and conduct business as usual.

10.    The member of the Supervisory Board elected to represent employee shareholders mustown at least one hundred shares, either directly or through a mutual fund, or anequivalent number of units in the mutual fund in question. If this is not the case on theday he or she is elected, or if at any time during the term of office he or she ceases toown one hundred shares or the equivalent in mutual fund units, he or she shall resignfrom the seat held on the board unless he or she has complied with his or her obligationwithin a three month period of time.

Article 11  Officers of the Supervisory Board

The Supervisory Board appoints a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman from amongst the peoplewho are its members. The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman remain in office as long as theyhold their office as members of the Supervisory Board, unless the Supervisory Board decidesto appoint a new Chairman and, if required, a new Vice-Chairman.

The Chairman call meetings of the Board and presides over discussions held.

In the absence of the Chairman, or when he temporarily gives his power of attorney, the Vice-Chairman performs the duties of the Chairman and is entitled to the same rights.

The Supervisory Board appoints a secretary, who may come from outside its membership andwho, with the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, constitute the officers of the meeting

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Article 12  Powers and duties of the Supervisory Board

1.       The Supervisory Board exercises its regular control over the management of theCompany performed by the Management Board, through checks and boundariesdeemed appropriate, by ensuring that it has all the documents available it requires toperform its duty, in particular strategic plans and budgets of businesses controlled bythe Company.

Under no circumstances shall this supervision give rise to direct or indirect managementby the Supervisory Board or any of its members, nor shall it be performed under suchconditions that it precludes the Management Board from performing its managerialduties.

2.       The Supervisory Board makes its comments known to the Shareholders at their annualgeneral meeting concerning the report of the Management Board including theCompanys yearly accounts.

3.       a) In accordance with applicable laws and regulations, sale of real property per se,totalor partial transfer of interests, collateral provisions, warrants, and guarantees must beapproved by the Supervisory Board.

b) In addition, the following decisions from the Management Board are subject to priorapproval by the Supervisory Board:

-     issuance of shares that gives direct or indirect access to the Companys registeredcapital

-     proposals for share repurchase programs to submit to Shareholders at their annualgeneral meetings

-     financial operations that may lead to substantially changing the financialstructure of the Company

-     mergers and acquisitions, whatever their form

-     strategic partnership agreements

-     setting up any stock option plans or granting any free allotments of shares foremployees of the Company, as well as for employees and officers of relatedparties, as well as the granting of stock options or free allotments of shares tomembers of the Management Board of the Company,

-     proposals for changing the bylaws to submit to Shareholders at their annualextraordinary meeting

-     proposals for income allocation and dividend payment for fiscal year ended tosubmit to Shareholders at their annual general meeting

-     date of dividend distribution and possible advances for dividend payment

c)  The Supervisory Board may, up to the limit of the total amount and a specificamount determined by it for each of the operations listed in a) and b) of paragraph 3,authorize the Management Board to proceed to the above mentioned operations.

When an operation exceeds the amount as set, it is necessary in each case to obtainthe approval of the Supervisory Board.

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When the amount of a collateral, warranty or surety exceeds the limit set for theperiod under consideration, any action to enforce this excess against third partieswho are not cognizant of the limit is void.

Lack of approval in case of real property sale per se, total or partial transfer ofinterests and collateral provisions is unenforceable against third parties, unless it isproven by the Company that said third parties were cognizant of it or could not haveignored it.

4.      The Supervisory Board may set up one or more special committees made up of its ownmembership and responsible for performing their assigned tasks under its supervision.Each committee presents its activity report to the Supervisory Board at the nextscheduled meeting.

5.       The Supervisory Board defines its own internal operating procedures which arecommunicated to the Management Board.

Article 13  Meetings of the Supervisory Board

1.         The Supervisory Board may meet as often as it deems necessary for the interest of theCompany but not less than once every quarter.

Meetings shall be called by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman by all available means.

The Chairman is subject to call a meeting of the Board no later than fifteen daysfollowing a request made by the Management Board or at least by one-third of themembers of the Supervisory Board for such a meeting giving the reasons therefor. Ifthe request is left unanswered, the requesting parties may themselves proceed to notifythe members for their attendance by providing them with the meeting agenda.Otherwise it is the Chairman of the Board who sets the business agenda and only at thetime of the meeting.

Meetings shall take place wherever it is indicated in the notice of meeting.

2.         A member of the Supervisory Board may give his proxy either by mail, telex, telegramor facsimile (article 107-1 of the French Decree dated March, 23rd , 1967) to anothermember of the Supervisory Board to act on his behalf at a given meeting of theSupervisory Board.

Each member of the Supervisory Board may only receive one proxy at a time for thesame meeting by application of the above paragraph.

The provisions contained in the above two paragraphs also apply to authorized agentsof legal entities.

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In accordance with and subject to legal provisions in force, the Supervisory Board maydeliberate by means of videoconference or by any other means of telecommunicationor remote transmission, or by consulting its members in writing. In such case,resolutions shall be adopted by the vote of a majority of the members present orrepresented. In the event of a tie, the Chairman shall cast the deciding vote.

Members of the Supervisory Board may participate in meetings of the SupervisoryBoard by videoconference or by any other means of telecommunication or remotetransmission in compliance with regulations in force. Any member of the SupervisoryBoard may appoint another member thereof as his proxy.

3.Members of the Supervisory Board, including anyone present at the meetings of theSupervisory Board, are held to confidentiality with respect to the discussions held atBoard meetings and to information of a confidential nature or deemed as such bythe Chairman of the Supervisory Board or the Chairman of the Management Board.

Article 14  Compensation of Members of the Supervisory Board

1.         Members of the Supervisory Board receive a fixed annual fee as compensation theamount of which is determined by the Shareholders at their annual meeting andremains effective unless otherwise provided. Members of the Supervisory Boardreceive this amount in compensation for their attendance at meetings and the amountsto be allocated to the members depend on the attendance rates set by the Board.

2.         The Board may also compensate its members for their performance of special tasks orassignments with which it has entrusted them, under the conditions and the termsprovided by law.

Article 15 - Advisors

Upon proposal from the Chairman, the Supervisory Board may accept, from time to time as itseems fit, a number of advisors up to a maximum of four people or representatives ofcorporate entities, whether they are selected or not among the shareholders. Advisors areconvened to all the meetings of the Supervisory Board and take part in its discussions but donot have the right to vote.

The Supervisory Board determines their role and how to compensate them.

Advisors may not substitute to members of the Supervisory Board on which they depend fortheir authority. They issue their advice and communicate same to the Supervisory Board andthe Management Board.

Advisors are fully entitled to leave their function at the term of the period in which they havereached and completed age seventy.

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TITLE IV

MANAGEMENT BOARD

Article 16  Composition of the Management Board

A  Appointment

1.         The company is headed by a Management Board composed of up to seven members,appointed by the Supervisory Board that will exercise control over the ManagementBoard in accordance with the law and statutory provisions as set forth below.

2.         Members of the Management Board may not be shareholders but it is mandatory thatthey represent themselves as individuals. No member of the Supervisory Board may bepart of the Management Board. No one is eligible for membership in the ManagementBoard if he falls under one of the forfeitures: cumulative functions, incompatibility,degeneration or ban from certain practices under the law.

Any member of the Management Board may sign an employment contract with theCompany that is legally binding and effective through the whole term of his office andbeyond.

3. 
         Members of the Management Board are elected for three
  years by the Supervisory
  Board, which is responsible for filling any vacancies on the Management Board
  in
  accordance with the law.

Members
  of the Management Board may be re-elected for ever.

4.         No one may be elected to the Management Board past age sixty-five. Any member ofthe Management Board who reaches the age of sixty-five while in office during afiscal year is automatically deemed to have resigned at the close of that fiscal year.However, when a member of the Management Board reaches that age, the SupervisoryBoard may choose to extend his term of office once or several times as the case maybe, provided that the total extended period does not exceed three years.

B - Removal

Any member of the Management Board may be removed from office by a vote of theShareholders duly assembled, or by the Supervisory Board. If the decision to remove theofficeholder is found to be without just cause , the latter may seek an award for moneydamages .

Removal of a member of the Management Board does not result in the termination of theemployment contract the concerned party may have signed with the Company.

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Article 17  Chairmanship of the Management Board  Corporate executive level

The Supervisory Board elects one of the members of the Management Board as Chairman.

The Chairman performs his duties as such throughout his term as member of the ManagementBoard.

The Chairman of the Management Board shall represent the Company in its dealings withthird parties.

The Supervisory Board may grant the same authority to represent the Company to one ormore members of the Management Board who then hold the title of Vice-Chairman, Presidentof the Management Board or Senior Executive Vice-President.

The Supervisory Board has the right to remove the Chairman from his duties and ifapplicable, withdraw the power to represent the Company that was assigned to any member ofthe Management Board.

With respect to third-party transactions, any valid commitments made by the Chairman of theManagement Board or any other member that has been granted the same power of delegationfrom the Supervisory Board are deemed to be legally binding on the Company.

Article 18  Powers and duties of the Management Board

1.      The Management Board shall have the broadest powers to act under all circumstances inthe name of the Company, within the scope of the corporate purpose, and subject to theauthority expressly reserved by law to Shareholders and the Supervisory Board.

Limitation to these powers is not enforceable against third parties, who may bring legalaction against the Company to enforce commitments made in its name by the Chairmanof the Management Board or any other member granted the same authority to representthe Company, provided that the name of the appointed legal representative has beenduly published.

2.      Members of the Management Board may, with the approval of the Supervisory Board,assign among themselves their respective duties to manage the Company.

However, members of the Management Board may not invoke their sharedresponsibilities to exempt themselves from the obligation to meet regularly to discussessential management issues related to the Company nor may they consider it as a causefor exonerating them from the task of due diligence that is incumbent upon eachmember of the Management Board and for which they are jointly and severally liable.

3.      The Management Board may at its discretion entrusts one or more of its members orany non-member person with special assignments, whether of a permanent or temporarynature, and delegate such powers as it deems necessary to enable them to achieve one ormore specific purposes, with or without the right to subrogate.

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4.      When a transactions requires the approval of the Supervisory Board pursuant to Article12 of these bylaws and the Board withholds it, the Management Board may bring thedispute before the Shareholders who may resolve to grant the required approval andbear all ensuing consequences.

5.      The Management Board presents its report, at least once every quarter, to theSupervisory Board either orally or in writing summarizing its major accomplishments orhighlights in the management of the Company.

Within three months following the fiscal year ended, the Management Board preparesthe Companys final accounts and, if applicable, its consolidated financial statementswhich it submits to the Supervisory Board for review and control. It suggests how toallocate earnings for the fiscal year ended.

The Management Board after reviewing the Companys quarterly and half-yearlyresults, presents them to the Supervisory Board.

The Management Board calls all shareholder meetings, sets their agenda, and carries outtheir resolutions.

6.      Members of the Management Board are jointly and severally liable before the Companyor toward third parties, as the case may be, for any violations of the statutory provisionsgoverning French companies (sociétés anonymes), for any breaches of these bylaws, foracts of negligence or misconduct in the performance of their management duties, allpunishable by law and subject to the terms provided therein.

Article 19  Meetings and resolutions
  of the Management Board

The Management Board may meet as often as it is necessary to protect the interest of theCompany upon notice from the Chairman of the Management Board or at least half of itsmembers, either at the principal office of the Company, or at any other location indicated inthe notice of meeting. The agenda may be established at the meeting. Notice of meetings maybe given by all available means, including orally.

The President of the Management Board shall chair the meetings of the Board. If he is unableto do so, the meeting will be chaired by the Vice-President and Senior Executive designatedby the President of the Management Board. If he is unable to do so, the oldest Vice-Presidentand Senior Executive or the oldest member of the Management Board in attendance will actas chair. The Management Board appoints a secretary, who need not be a member of saidBoard.

Decisions of the Management Board are only valid if half of its members are present.

Decisions are taken by the majority vote of members present and represented. If there is adraw, the vote of the Chairman shall prevail.

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Decisions of the Management Board are recorded in minutes of meetings and placed in aspecial minute book and signed by all members of the Board present at the meeting.

After consulting the Supervisory Board, the Management Board establishes its own internaloperating procedures.

Article 20  Compensation of members of the Management Board

The Supervisory Board shall fix the amount and terms of compensation for each of themembers of the Management Board.

Article 21  Regulated agreements

Any agreement that is entered into, either directly or through another person, between theCompany and a member of its Supervisory Board, Management Board or a shareholderholding a percentage of the voting power greater than the upper threshold in force (if suchshareholder is a company and not an individual, the company that controls it within themeaning of Article L.233-3 of the French Company Code) must be submitted to the priorapproval of the Supervisory Board.

The same shall hold for agreements in which one of the persons mentioned in the precedingparagraph has an indirect interest or in which this person does business by the intermediary ofanother person.

Agreements entered into between the Company and another company, if a member of theSupervisory Board or the Management Board has an ownership interest in the latter; is anunlimited partner, manager or trustee therein; is a member of its supervisory board; or, ingeneral, is a director and/or officer thereof.

The foregoing provisions do not apply to agreements that concern ongoing businessoperations conducted in the usual way.

However, the existence of such agreements must be disclosed to the chairman of thesupervisory board. A list of such agreements and their purpose shall in turn be disclosed bythe chairman to the members of the supervisory board and to the independent statutoryauditors of the Company.

TITLE V

AUDITORS

Article 22  Auditors

One or more auditors are elected to perform their duties as provided by law.Their fees are set according to the terms of applicable regulations.

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TITLE VI

ANNUAL GENERAL SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS

Article 23  Annual shareholder meetings

Shareholders are convened by the Management Board to attend annual general meetings asprovided by law.

They may also be called by the Supervisory Board.

The shareholders meet and deliberate in accordance with applicable legislation. In particular,any shareholder may vote at meetings of shareholders without being physically present, bymeans of videoconference or by means of telecommunication allowing the identification ofshareholders, as provided for under the law and subject to approval by the ManagementBoard, published in the notice of meeting.

Any shareholder may attend such meetings either in person or by proxy upon proof of identityor ownership of shares under the terms and conditions as provided by existing laws andregulations.

Voting by mail is accomplished in accordance with applicable legislation and regulations. Inparticular, any shareholder may transmit in paper form or, subject to approval by theManagement Board, published in the notice of meeting, by electronic means, proxy and mailvoting cards prior to meetings of shareholders.

The online completion and signature of these cards, in accordance with the first sentence ofthe second point in Article 1316-4 of the French Civil Code (the Code Civil) could, if theManagement Board so decides at the time the notice of meeting is sent to shareholders, bedone directly on the secured web site that has been set up to centralize management ofshareholders meetings via a secure username (log-in) and password system. The proxy orvoting card completed electronically prior to the actual meeting, as well as theacknowledgement of receipt that will be given in reply, will be considered as irrevocable andopposable written proof, it being specified that, in the event shares are sold or otherwiselegally transferred before the third business day preceding the shareholders meeting at0.00am Paris time, the Company shall invalidate or modify accordingly, as the case may be,the proxy or voting card completed online.

Each shareholder has as many voting rights as the number of shares they own or represent.However, owners of record of fully paid-up shares held at least for two years at the end of thefiscal year preceding the meeting date as scheduled, double their voting rights. In the event ofan increase in capital by reserve capitalization,premium shares or merger issuance, votingrights are doubled, upon share issuance, for registered shares granted freely to a shareholderwhose outstanding shares allow him to exercise such right.

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Shareholder meetings are presided by the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in hisabsence, by the Vice-Chairman, or by a specifically appointed member of the SupervisoryBoard. Otherwise, Shareholders appoint themselves a presiding chairman.

Minutes of the meetings are prepared and true copies certified to be delivered as required bylaw.

TITLE VII

FISCAL YEAR

Article 24  Company and consolidated accounts

The fiscal year is a twelve-month period starting January 1 and ending December 31.

a)   Company financial statements

Amounts required by law to be set aside as reserves are first deducted from each yearsincome, reduced by losses carried forward, if any.

Income available for distribution represents the companys net profit for fiscal year, reducedby any losses carried forward and by amounts required by law or by the bylaws to be set asideas reserves, and increased by previous retained earnings.

Shareholders may decide to withhold from said earnings any amounts they deem appropriatefor allocation to optional, ordinary or extraordinary reserves, or else to carry them forward.

The balance thereof shall be distributed among the shares outstanding in proportion to theirnominal value as fully paid-up and unredeemed shares.

The Management Board determines when, where and how dividend payments are to be made.

The Management Board may decided to make one or more advance payments for dividenddistribution under the terms set by law and in accordance with the provisions of article 12.3 b)of these bylaws.

Shareholders convened to approve company accounts for the fiscal year under considerationhave the power to grant each shareholder, concerning all or part of their dividend distribution,the option to receive payment therefor either in cash or in shares.

b)  Consolidated financial statements

The Management Board shall submit the consolidated financial statements to the approval ofthe Shareholders at the same time as it submits the Company financial statements and itsreport. The duly assembled shareholders shall deliberate on all issues relating to theconsolidated financial statements for the previous year ended.

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TITLE VIII

DISSOLUTION

Article 25  Dissolution

In case of Companys dissolution, Shareholders appoint one or more receivers, provided thequorum is met and they have the required majority vote as stipulated for ordinary shareholdermeetings.

At their annual general meeting, Shareholders meeting in ordinary session have the right todecide to allow the Company to continue to do business as usual or to obtain new business forthe purposes of its winding up.

The receiver represents the Company. He is invested with the broadest powers possible todispose of Companys assets, including through amicable settlements. He is also empoweredto make payments to creditors and distribute the remaining balance.

Any assets remaining after nominal share redemption are distributed among Shareholders on aprorated basis for their capital share.

TITLE IX

DISPUTE

Article 26 - Dispute

Any dispute arising during the life of the Company or during its winding-up process, betweenthe Company and its shareholders or among the Shareholders themselves related toCompanys matters, is brought before the courts under the proper jurisdiction effective at theplace of business of the Company.

To this end, for matters of dispute, Shareholders are required to elect domicile for due serviceof process in the jurisdictional area of the effective courts, regardless of their actual place ofresidence. Failure to do so will cause delivery of summons or legal notices to the office of theAttorney General or Public Prosecutor (Procureur de la République) of the District Court(Tribunal de Grande Instance) having jurisdiction over the place of business of the Company.

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