U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Food and Feed Safety Research: College Station, TX
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Plains Area College Station, Texas Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Food and Feed Safety Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            He, Louisitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*
  Submitted to: Cytokine
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/6/2010
                                    Publication  Date: 1/3/2011
                                    Citation: He, H., Genovese, K.J., Kogut, M.H. 2011. Modulation of chicken macrophage effector function by Th1/Th2 cytokines. Cytokine. 53:363-369.Interpretive Summary: Cytokines are chemicals that control and direct the immune response of white blood cells, such as the macrophage.  We looked at the effects of the cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 on the production of chemicals macrophage used to kill bacteria and viruses.  We found that interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 play very important and different roles in the activation of the chicken macrophage and in maintaining a balanced immunity.  The data shows that these two important cytokines have differential activity on macrophage, with both cytokines providing protection against infection while interleukin-4 also simultaneously acts to prevent the adverse effects of inflammation.  The data suggests that manipulation of cytokines may provide an alternative method of increasing the immune response in chickens to fend off infections such as Salmonella and other food-borne pathogens.
                                Technical Abstract: Regulation of macrophage activity by TH1/2 cytokines is important to maintain the balance of immunity to provide adequate protective immunity while avoiding excessive inflammation.  IFN-gamma and IL-4 are the hallmark TH1 and TH2 cytokines, respectively.  In avian species, information concerning regulation of macrophage activity by TH1/2 cytokines is limited.  Here, we investigated the regulatory function of chicken TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-18 and TH2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10 on the HD11 macrophage cell line.  Chicken IFN-gamma stimulated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in HD11 cells and primed the cells to produce significantly greater amounts of NO when exposed to microbial agonists lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, CpG-ODN, and poly I:C.  In contrast, chicken IL-4 exhibited bi-directional immune regulatory activity: it activated macrophage NO synthesis in the absence of inflammatory agonists but inhibited NO production by macrophages in response to microbial agonists.  Both IFN-gamma and IL-4, however, enhanced oxidative burst activity of the HD11 cells when exposed to Salmonella enteritidis.  IL-18 and IL-10 did not affect NO production nor oxidative burst in HD11 cells.  Phagocytosis and bacterial killing by the HD11 cells were not affected by the treatments of these cytokines.  Infection of HD11 cells with S. enteritidis was shown to completely abolish NO production regardless of IFN-gamma treatment.  This study has demonstrated that IFN-gamma and IL-4 are important TH1 and TH2 cytokines that regulate macrophage function in chickens.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov