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Title:   Author  item
                                            Sainju, Upendraitem
                                            SENWO, ZACHARY - ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITYitem
                                            NYAKATAWA, ERMSON - ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITYitem
                                            TAZISONG, IRENUS - ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITYitem
                                            REDDY, CHANDRA - ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY
  Submitted to: Agronomy Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America Meeting
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/1/2008
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Management practices are needed to increase soil N storage and reduce N fertilization rate and N leaching by replacing inorganic N fertilizer by organic manure, such as poultry litter. We evaluated the 10-yr effects of tillage [No-till (NT), mulch till (MT), and conventional till (CT)], cropping systems [rye/cotton-rye/cotton-corn (R/C-R/C-CN) and cotton-cotton-corn (C-C-CN)], and N sources and rates [0 and 100 kg N ha-1 from NH4NO3 and 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 from poultry litter] on soil N fractions and N balance in northern Alabama. Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH4-N, and NO3-N. Crop residue N returned to the soil varied with treatments and years and total residue N from 1997 to 2005 was greater in R/C-R/C-CN than in C-C-CN and greater with NH4NO3 than with poultry litter. Concentrations of soil N fractions at 10- to 20-cm depth were not influenced by treatments. The STN and PON contents at 0- to 20-cm were greater in NT with poultry litter than in NT and CT with NH4NO3 and in MT with poultry litter. As a result, poultry litter stored N at 38 kg N ha-1 yr-1 compared with -4 kg N ha-1 yr-1 with NH4NO3. Similarly, poultry litter increased MBN, PNM, and NO3-N contents compared with NH4NO3. Cropping increased STN, MBN, and PNM contents compared with fallow in NT. Estimated N loss after 10 yr was greater in NT with C-C-CN and 100 kg N ha-1 from NH4NO3 than in other treatments, except in NT with R/C-R/C-CN and 100 kg N ha-1 from NH4NO3 and poultry litter. Long-term poultry litter application increased soil N storage and N fractions and reduced N loss probably by N leaching compared with inorganic N fertilization.


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