IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA

FIFTH DISTRICT

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO

 FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND

 DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

NACHELLE MOSS, 

Appellant, 

v. Case No. 5D17-3356

THE ESTATE OF CURT HUDSON, BY AND 

THROUGH JENNIFER HUDSON, AS 

PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE AND 

NATHANIEL MOSS, 

Appellees. 

________________________________/

Opinion filed July 27, 2018

Non-Final Appeal from the Circuit Court 

for Hernando County, 

Donald E. Scaglione, Judge.

Gregory D. Jones and Carla M. Sabbagh, of 

Rywant, Alvarez, Jones, Russo & Guyton, 

P.A., Tampa, for Appellant.

Jason M. Melton, Christopher M. 

Klemawesch, and Gina M. Girardot, Whittel 

& Melton, LLC, St. Petersburg, for Appellee, 

Estate of Curt Hudson, by and through 

Jennifer Hudson, as Personal 

Representative. 

No Appearance for Other Appellee.
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LAMBERT, J.

Nachelle Moss appeals the trial court’s order denying her motion to quash service 

of process. Concluding that substituted service of process under section 48.171, Florida 

Statutes (2015), was not properly obtained, we reverse.

Appellee, Jennifer Hudson, as personal representative of the Estate of Curt 

Hudson, deceased, filed a wrongful death complaint against Moss for damages arising 

out of an automobile accident in which the vehicle Moss was driving struck the decedent, 

who was riding a bicycle. The complaint alleged, among other things, that Moss was a 

resident of Hernando County. After several unsuccessful attempts to personally serve 

Moss with the initial complaint, Hudson attempted to obtain substituted service of process 

pursuant to section 48.171 by serving Moss through the Secretary of State. This statute 

provides, in pertinent part:

Any nonresident of this state . . . or any resident of this state, 

being the licensed operator or owner of . . . any motor vehicle 

under the laws of this state, who becomes a nonresident or 

conceals his or her whereabouts, by the acceptance or 

licensure and by the operation of the motor vehicle, either in 

person, or by or through his or her servants, agents, or 

employees . . . within the state constitutes the Secretary of 

State his or her agent for the service of process in any civil 

action begun in the courts of the state against such operator 

or owner . . . of the motor vehicle, arising out of or by reason 

of any accident or collision occurring within the state in which 

the motor vehicle is involved.

§ 48.171, Fla. Stat. (2015).

Moss, by counsel, moved to quash service of process, asserting that Hudson had

not strictly complied with the requirements of section 48.171 and had also failed to comply 

with the separate procedural requirements of section 48.161, Florida Statutes (2015), for 

effectuating substituted service upon the Secretary of State. Following a hearing, the trial 
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court denied the motion, finding that Moss was “represented,” “aware of the case,” and 

“accountable herself of any due process.” The court further found that Hudson had clearly 

demonstrated sufficient attempts to personally serve Moss with process.

A trial court’s ruling on a motion to quash service of process is subject to a de novo

standard of review. Hernandez v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 32 So. 3d 695, 698 

(Fla. 4th DCA 2010) (citing Mecca Multimedia, Inc. v. Kurzbard, 954 So. 2d 1179, 1181 

(Fla. 3d DCA 2007)). Further, “[b]ecause substituted service of process statutes provide 

an exception to the general rule that a defendant must be personally served, they must 

be strictly construed to protect due process guarantees.” Alvarado v. Cisneros, 919 So. 

2d 585, 588-89 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (citing Monaco v. Nealon, 810 So. 2d 1084, 1085 

(Fla. 4th DCA 2002); McAlice v. Kirsch, 368 So. 2d 401, 402 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)).

The trial court first erred in denying Moss’s motion to quash because she was 

“aware” of the case. Actual knowledge of a suit does not cure insufficient service of 

process. McDaniel v. FirstBank P.R., 96 So. 3d 926, 929 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) (citing 

Napoleon B. Broward Drainage Dist. v. Certain Lands Upon Which Taxes Due, 33 So. 2d 

716, 718 (Fla. 1948)). Moreover, counsel’s appearance and the filing of a motion to quash 

insufficient service of process, without more, are not a waiver of the defense of lack of 

personal jurisdiction. Id. at 928 (citing Oy v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc., 632 So. 2d 724, 

725-26 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994)).

In Hernandez, the Fourth District Court succinctly explained the two requirements 

that a plaintiff must meet when using substituted service under section 48.171:

First, the complaint must allege the ultimate facts bringing the 

defendant within the purview of the statute. This requires the 

plaintiff to allege in his complaint that the defendant was a 

non-resident, or a resident of Florida who subsequently 
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became a non-resident, or a resident of Florida concealing his 

whereabouts. Second, the service must strictly comply with 

section 48.161, which sets forth the method of substituted 

service of process. 

32 So. 3d at 698 (internal citations and quotations omitted).

Here, Hudson’s initial complaint was defective as it lacked any allegations that 

Moss was either a nonresident, a resident of Florida who subsequently became a 

nonresident, or a resident of Florida concealing her whereabouts. Under these 

circumstances, “[w]hen the complaint is devoid of the jurisdictional allegations required 

for substituted service, the defendant cannot be properly served under the substituted 

service statute.” Alvarado, 919 So. 2d at 589 (citing Great Am. Ins. Co. v. Bevis, 652 So. 

2d 382, 383 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995)). Because the jurisdictional allegations contained in 

Hudson’s initial complaint were insufficient to invoke substituted service of process upon 

the Secretary of State, it is unnecessary for us to address whether the procedural 

requirements for service under section 48.161 were also met. As Moss was not 

personally served with process and for the reasons explained, substituted service of 

process upon her through the Secretary of State was defective. Thus, the trial court 

should have granted Moss’s motion. We therefore reverse the order on appeal and 

remand for the entry of an order quashing service of process on Moss of the initial 

complaint, without prejudice to Hudson’s further efforts to serve Moss with process.1 

REVERSED and REMANDED.

 1 Our record indicates that the trial court has now granted Hudson leave to file an 

amended complaint, which she did. We take no position regarding the sufficiency of the 

allegations contained in the amended complaint under section 48.171 or whether 

substituted service of the amended complaint can be properly obtained. Those issues 

are not before us, nor have they been presented to the trial court for a ruling because the 

lower court stayed its proceedings pending resolution of this appeal. 
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SAWAYA and EISNAUGLE, JJ., concur.