U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Calderon, Franciscoitem
                                            Acosta-Martinez, Veronicaitem
                                            Douds, Daviditem
                                            Reeves  Iii, Jamesitem
                                            Vigil, Merle
  Submitted to: Journal of Applied Spectroscopy
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/2/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 5/1/2009
                                    Citation: Calderon, F.J., Acosta Martinez, V., Douds, D.D., Reeves  III, J.B., Vigil, M.F. 2009. Mid-Infrared and Near Infrared Spectral Properties of Mycorrhizal and Non-Mycorrhizal Root Cultures. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy. 63(5)494-500. Interpretive Summary: Mycorrhizal fungi can be very beneficial to crops because they grow into plant roots and aid in the absorption of nutrients and water from soil, which often results in increased crop yields.  This study describes a possible new technology to detect mycorrhizal fungi in roots using infrared light, which can possibly simplify and speed up the measurement of mycorrhizae in field collected root samples.
                                Technical Abstract: We investigated the Fourier-transformed mid-infrared (MidIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic properties of mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM)  Ri T-DNA transformed carrot roots with the goal of finding infrared markers for colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The roots were cultured with or without the AM fungus Glomus intraradices under laboratory conditions.  A total of 50 M and NM samples were produced after pooling subsamples. The roots were dried, ground, and scanned separately for the NIR and MidIR.  The root samples were analyzed for fatty acid composition in order to confirm mycorrhizal infection and determine the presence of fatty acid markers. Besides the roots, fatty acid standards, pure cultures of saprophytic fungi, and chitin were also scanned in order to identify spectral bands likely to be found in M samples. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to illustrate spectral differences between the M and NM root samples. The NIR achieved better resolution than the MidIR, because no pre-treatment was needed to get good resolution in the PCA analysis of the NIR data. Standard normal variate and detrending pretreatment improved the resolution between M and NM in the MidIR range. The PCA loadings and/or the spectral subtraction of selected samples shows that M roots are characterized by absorbances at or close to 400 cm-1, 1100-1170 cm-1, 1690 cm-1, 2928 cm-1, and 5032 cm-1. The NM samples had characteristic absorbances at or near 1734 cm-1, 3500 cm-1, 4000 cm-1, 4389 cm-1, and 4730 cm-1.  Some of the bands that differentiate M from NM roots are prominent in the spectra of pure fungal cultures, chitin, and fatty acids. Our results show that mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal root tissues can be differentiated via MidIR and NIR spectra with the advantage that the same samples can then be used for other analyses.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov