IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jackikay Randall, :

Petitioner :

:

v. :

:

City of Philadelphia (Workers’ :

Compensation Appeal Board), : No. 415 C.D. 2022

Respondent : Submitted: December 9, 2022

BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, President Judge

HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge

HONORABLE STACY WALLACE, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION 

BY JUDGE FIZZANO CANNON FILED: January 31, 2023

Jackikay Randall (Claimant) petitions for review of an order of the 

Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) dated March 30, 2022. Claimant 

challenges the portion of the Board’s order that affirmed the order of a workers’ 

compensation judge (WCJ) granting Claimant’s reinstatement petition and 

reinstating her benefits to total disability status as of October 15, 2019, the date of 

the reinstatement petition. Claimant asserts that the Board should have reinstated 

her total disability benefits retroactively to February 22, 2016, the date of the original 

modification of her status from total to partial disability. Claimant maintains that 

she has a vested property right to benefits under the Pennsylvania Constitution, 
2

Article I, Sections 1, 2, and 11.

1

 As we have consistently done in numerous similar 

cases, we affirm the Board’s order.

I. Background

The facts of this matter are not in dispute. Claimant sustained a workrelated injury in September 2003 while employed as a police officer for the City of 

1 Article I, Section 1 provides:

§ 1. Inherent rights of mankind.

All men are born equally free and independent, and have certain 

inherent and indefeasible rights, among which are those of enjoying 

and defending life and liberty, of acquiring, possessing and 

protecting property and reputation, and of pursuing their own 

happiness.

Pa. Const. art. I, § 1.

Article I, Section 2 provides:

§ 2. Political powers.

All power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are 

founded on their authority and instituted for their peace, safety and 

happiness. For the advancement of these ends they have at all times 

an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their 

government in such manner as they may think proper.

Pa. Const. art. I, § 2.

Article I, Section 11 provides:

§ 11. Courts to be open; suits against the Commonwealth.

All courts shall be open; and every man for an injury done him in 

his lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due 

course of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial 

or delay. Suits may be brought against the Commonwealth in such 

manner, in such courts and in such cases as the Legislature may by 

law direct.

Pa. Const. art. I, § 11.
3

Philadelphia (Employer). Bd. Dec. at 1. On February 22, 2016, she underwent an 

impairment rating evaluation (IRE) at Employer’s behest in accordance with former

Section 306(a.2) of the Workers’ Compensation Act (Act),

2

former 77 P.S. § 511.2.

3

 

The IRE resulted in an impairment rating of less than 50%. Bd. Dec. at 1. 

Accordingly, Employer filed a modification petition, which was granted by 

agreement of the parties, modifying Claimant’s disability status from total disability 

to partial disability as of the IRE date. Id. Neither party appealed. Id.

In 2017, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the IRE provision 

of former Section 306(a.2) violated the Pennsylvania Constitution by impermissibly 

delegating legislative authority to a private entity. Protz v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal 

Bd. (Derry Area Sch. Dist.), 161 A.3d 827 (Pa. 2017). Concluding that the 

delegation provision was not severable, the Court struck the entirety of Section 

306(a.2) from the Act. Id. 

In October 2019, Employer filed a termination petition averring that 

Claimant fully recovered from her work injury as of September 19, 2019. Bd. Dec. 

at 1. Claimant denied the averments of the termination petition and filed a 

reinstatement petition in October 2019 seeking reinstatement of her total disability 

status as of February 22, 2016, the modification date based on the Pennsylvania 

Supreme Court’s decision in Protz. Id. at 2. In December 2020, Claimant also filed 

a review petition seeking to expand the description of her work injury. Id.

In June 2021, a WCJ denied the termination petition and granted the 

review petition. Bd. Dec. at 2. Of relevance here, the WCJ also granted Claimant’s 

reinstatement petition based on Protz and reinstated her total disability status as of 

2 Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§1-1041.4, 2501-2710.

3 Added by Section 4 of the Act of June 24, 1996, P.L. 350, formerly 77 P.S. § 511.2.
4

October 15, 2019, the date she filed the reinstatement petition. Id. Both Claimant

and Employer appealed to the Board, which affirmed the WCJ’s decision in all 

respects. Id. at 15.

Claimant then filed a petition for review in this Court, challenging only 

the effective date of the reinstatement of her total disability status.

II. Issue

Before this Court,4 Claimant argues that she had a vested right to 

workers’ compensation total disability benefits. She posits that because our 

Supreme Court invalidated Section 306(a.2) and struck it from the Act, that 

provision was void ab initio. As a result, Claimant maintains that Protz requires 

reinstatement of her total disability status as of the February 2016 modification date, 

not the October 2019 reinstatement petition date.

III. Discussion

The IRE provision contained in former Section 306(a.2) of the Act, 77 

P.S. § 511.2, required physicians to conduct IREs according to “the most recent 

edition” of the American Medical Association’s Guides to the Evaluation of 

Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). In Protz, our Supreme Court held that 

former Section 306(a.2) unconstitutionally delegated legislative authority to a 

private party, in that the legislature did not retain authority or input concerning the 

standards that might be contained in any future edition of the AMA Guides. 161 

4 This Court’s review of a workers’ compensation decision is limited to determining 

whether necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether an error of law 

was committed, or whether constitutional rights were violated. Pocono Mt. Sch. Dist. v. 

Kojeszewski (Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd.), 280 A.3d 12, 16 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2022).
5

A.3d at 837-38. Concluding that the “most recent edition” language could not be 

severed from the rest of Section 306(a.2), our Supreme Court held that the entirety 

of Section 306(a.2) was unconstitutional and struck it from the Act.5 Id. at 840-41.

Before this Court, Claimant asserts that the invalidation of former 

Section 306(a.2) in Protz entitled her to reinstatement of her total disability status as 

of the February 2016 modification date rather than the October 2019 reinstatement 

petition date. We disagree.

In Whitfield v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Tenet Health 

System Hahnemann LLC), 188 A.3d 599 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018) (en banc), this Court 

held that where a claimant receiving partial disability benefits has filed a 

reinstatement petition based on Protz, the reinstatement of total disability status shall 

be effective as of the date of the reinstatement petition, not the modification date. In 

post-Whitfield cases, we have repeatedly rejected the very argument Claimant asserts 

here, i.e., that a claimant seeking reinstatement of total disability benefits pursuant 

to Protz is entitled to retroactive reinstatement back to the original modification/IRE 

date on the basis that former Section 306(a.2) was void ab initio. See, e.g., DiPaolo 

v. UPMC Magee Women’s Hosp. (Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd.), 278 A.3d 430, 438 

(Pa. Cmwlth. 2022) (rejecting the claimant’s assertions when our Supreme Court 

struck former Section 306(a.2) in Protz, that provision was void ab initio and 

claimant who underwent an IRE prior to Protz was automatically restored to preIRE status; stating that “our courts have never held that to be the case, and several 

5

In response to Protz, the legislature enacted the Act of October 24, 2018, P.L. 714, No. 

111 (Act 111). Act 111 repealed section 306(a.2) and replaced it with section 306(a.3) of the Act, 

77 P.S. § 511.3. Under Section 306(a.3), an IRE must be conducted in accordance with the Sixth 

Edition of the AMA Guides, published in 2007, and a claimant’s whole body impairment must be 

less than 35% in order for the claimant to be moved from total to partial disability status. 77 P.S. 

§ 511.3.
6

decisions have placed temporal limits on the application of Protz . . . ”); Pullin v. 

Sch. Dist. of Phila. (Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd.) (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 727 C.D. 2021, 

filed Feb. 25, 2022),

6

slip op. at 4-5 n.5, appeal denied, 280 A.3d 866 (Pa. 2022) 

(declining to accord “full retroactivity” to Protz by holding that the IRE process 

under former Section 306(a.2) was void ab initio) (citing, inter alia, Weidenhammer 

v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Albright Coll.), 232 A.3d 986, 989-95 (Pa. Cmwlth.), 

appeal denied, 242 A.3d 912 (Pa. 2020)); White v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (City 

of Phila.), 237 A.3d 1225, 1231 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2020) (en banc) (reaffirming Whitfield

and holding that reinstatement of total disability benefits was effective only “as of 

the date of [the] reinstatement petition, not the effective date of the change in [the 

claimant’s] disability status from total to partial”). We likewise reject Claimant’s 

argument here.

We also reject Claimant’s vested right argument. In Dana Holding 

Corp. v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Smuck), 232 A.3d 629 (Pa. 2020), 

our Supreme Court applied Protz to grant a modification from partial to total 

disability as of the previous IRE date, but only because the claimant was already 

litigating a constitutional challenge to former Section 306(a.2) at the time Protz was 

decided. Our Supreme Court in Dana Holding agreed with this Court’s conclusion 

“that a disability modification is not vested when it remains subject to a preserved 

challenge pursued by a presently aggrieved claimant.” Id. at 649. Accordingly, the 

Court concluded “the general rule in Pennsylvania will be that . . . a holding of this 

Court that a statute is unconstitutional will generally be applied [retroactively only 

as] to cases pending on direct appeal in which the constitutional challenge has been 

6 Pursuant to Section 414(a) of our Internal Operating Procedures, unreported opinions of 

this Court issued after January 15, 2008 may be cited as persuasive. 210 Pa. Code § 69.414(a).
7

raised and preserved.” Id. at 693; see also White, 237 A.3d at 1231 (distinguishing 

Dana Holding from Whitfield). Here, Claimant had no such constitutional challenge 

pending when Protz was decided. Thus, the February 2016 modification was not 

“subject to a preserved challenge pursued by a presently aggrieved claimant” on the 

date of the Protz decision. Dana Holding, 232 A.3d at 649. Accordingly, Claimant

was not entitled to benefit from a retroactive application of Protz beyond the date of 

her reinstatement petition.

In addition, as Employer aptly observes, Claimant’s arguments here 

were also asserted before this Court by the same counsel and were rejected in Yeager 

v. City of Philadelphia (Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board) (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 

709 C.D. 2021, filed Aug. 4, 2022). This Court summarized its analysis and 

conclusion regarding those arguments as follows:

Claimant’s benefits were modified by stipulation by a 

WCJ’s decision . . . , based on the IRE . . . . Neither party

appealed the modification. Claimant filed for 

reinstatement . . . after Protz [] was decided. Therefore, 

we are bound to follow Whitfield and its progeny, and we 

hold that Claimant’s reinstatement was properly granted 

as of the date that Claimant filed for reinstatement . . . . 

Further, because Claimant’s IRE was not in active 

litigation when Protz [] was decided, Dana Holding does 

not apply to alter the effective date of Claimant’s 

reinstatement.

Id., slip op. at 9. That analysis applies equally here.

On August 29, 2022, the claimant in Yeager filed a petition for 

allowance of appeal in our Supreme Court, but the Court has not yet ruled on whether 

to grant allocatur in that case. Unless and until our Supreme Court reverses our 

decision in Yeager, we find our reasoning in that case persuasive, and we follow it 

here. See Pa. State Troopers Ass’n v. Commonwealth, 603 A.2d 253, 256 (Pa. 
8

Cmwlth. 1992) (adhering to the reasoning of a prior similar decision despite a 

pending appeal of the prior decision to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court).

IV. Conclusion

Based on the foregoing discussion, we affirm the Board’s order.

__________________________________

CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jackikay Randall, :

Petitioner :

:

v. :

:

City of Philadelphia (Workers’ :

Compensation Appeal Board), : No. 415 C.D. 2022

Respondent :

O R D E R

AND NOW, this 31st day of January, 2023, the order of the Workers’ 

Compensation Appeal Board, dated March 30, 2022, is AFFIRMED.

__________________________________

CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge