U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            LIANG, SONGMIAO - RUTGERS UNIVERSITYitem
                                            Liu, Linshuitem
                                            HUANG, QINGRONG - RUTGERS UNIVERSITYitem
                                            YAM, KIT LEITH - RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
  Submitted to: Carbohydrate Polymers
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/17/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 2/24/2009
                                    Citation: Liang, S., Liu, L.S., Huang, Q., Yam, K.L. 2009. Preparation of single or double-network chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) gel films through selective cross-linking method. Carbohydrate Polymers. 77:718-724.Interpretive Summary: Multilayered membranes are promising in food packaging, because the membranes can be used in the controlled release of bioactive substances (BAS), and thus better regulate the interactions between their contents and the environment. Consequently, the membranes can better maintain food quality and reduce food loss due to long-term storage or environmental variations. The development of the matrix layer, the BAS carrier, is the key step in the creation of multilayered membranes, and has been a challenge in the design and synthesis of food packaging materials. Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CPVA) films can serve as an ideal BAS carrier and can be easily sandwiched with films of pectin, or cellulose, or pectin and poly(lactic acid) composites via interfacial adhesion. This paper studies the effect of different cross-linking methods on the structures of single or double network CPVA matrices, by which BAS release profiles can be tailored to fit with the nature of foods and their storage conditions. The study is not only useful for food applications, but also explores the non-food uses for pectin and other agricultural products, and eventually will benefit US agribusiness.
                                Technical Abstract: A selective cross-linking method was developed to create single or double network chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) gel films. The cross-linking is based on the hydrogen bonding between PVA and borate and the strong electrostatic interaction between chitosan and tripolyphosphate. The resultant gel films were characterized for water vapor permeation rate (WVTR), mechanical properties, and surface morphology. The polymeric molecular interactions were studied by atomic force microscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. With the introduction of cross-linking structure, there is a large improvement in elastic modulus from 271 plus or minut 14.2 MPa to 551 plus or minus 14.7 MPa and a large decrease in WVTR from (5.41 plus or minus 0.21) ×10-7 g/mhPa to (3.12 plus or minus 0.24) ×10-7 g/mhPa of the chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films. ATR-FTIR results indicate that strong interactions between the polymeric matrices and cross-linkers exist. The surface morphology of the cross-linked films exhibits a nanoparticle aggregation structure. The size and aggregation behavior of these nanoparticles are strongly dependant on the type of cross-linkers. This work provides a simple and fast way to prepare chitosan/PVA films with a controlled network structure.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov