This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A16-0086

In re the Marriage of: Kari Wynn Wahlstrom, petitioner,

Respondent,

vs.

Eric David Wahlstrom,

Appellant.

Filed August 22, 2016

Affirmed

Hooten, Judge

Washington County District Court

File No. 82-FA-14-1951

Tracey A. Galowitz, Viet-Hanh Winchell, Lawson, Marshall, McDonald & Galowitz, P.A., 

Lake Elmo, Minnesota (for respondent)

Carl A. Blondin, Oakdale, Minnesota (for appellant)

Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Hooten, Judge; and Bratvold, 

Judge. 

U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

HOOTEN, Judge

In this marital dissolution dispute, appellant husband argues that the district court 

abused its discretion in awarding spousal maintenance and need-based attorney fees to 

respondent wife. We affirm.
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FACTS

Appellant Eric David Wahlstrom and respondent Kari Wynn Wahlstrom were

married on September 30, 1995, and are the parents of two children. In 2014, respondent 

petitioned to dissolve the parties’ marriage. The parties were able to come to an agreement 

regarding several issues related to the dissolution, including the division of marital and 

nonmarital property. But, the parties were unable to reach an agreement with respect to 

other issues, including child support for the two minor children, spousal maintenance, and 

attorney fees. 

In lieu of a court trial, the parties agreed to submit their evidence and arguments 

regarding the disputed issues in writing to the district court. The district court received 

evidence that appellant’s gross income, including an annual bonus, was $10,128 per month. 

The district court also received evidence that appellant’s net income with the bonus was 

$6,784 per month. 

The district court subsequently dissolved the parties’ marriage and ordered appellant 

to pay child support to respondent of $387 for the children, who were almost 16 and 18 

years old at the issuance of the judgment and decree. While the district court found that 

appellant’s gross monthly income based upon his earnings was $10,128 and respondent’s 

was $2,429, it failed to make any findings regarding the net income of either appellant or 

respondent. The district court determined that appellant’s reasonable monthly living 

expenses were $5,135 and respondent’s reasonable monthly living expenses were $4,673. 

Based on these findings, the district court determined that respondent was in need of 

spousal maintenance and that appellant had the ability to pay spousal maintenance. The 
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district court ordered appellant to pay respondent permanent spousal maintenance in the 

amount of $2,500 per month.

Appellant moved the district court to amend the judgment and decree. On 

November 17, 2015, the district court issued an order amending the judgment and decree. 

In the order, the district court amended its award of attorney fees to respondent in the 

original judgment and decree to reflect that the district court was awarding the attorney 

fees based on respondent’s need. The district court ordered appellant to pay respondent 

$15,000 in need-based attorney fees, finding that the fees were necessary for respondent to 

make a good faith assertion of her rights, that appellant had the ability to pay the attorney 

fees, and that respondent did not have the ability to pay. The district court ordered appellant 

to pay the attorney fees out of his portion of the proceeds from the sale of the parties’ home. 

Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. One week later, the district court entered

an amended judgment and decree that reflected the amendments made in the November 17 

order. 

D E C I S I O N

I.

Appellant does not challenge the district court’s determination that respondent has 

a need for spousal maintenance, but he argues that the district court abused its discretion 

in awarding spousal maintenance because his monthly expenses alone nearly equal his net 

income. We review an award of spousal maintenance for an abuse of discretion. Melius 

v. Melius, 765 N.W.2d 411, 414 (Minn. App. 2009). A district court abuses its discretion 
4

when it improperly applies the law or when it makes findings unsupported by the evidence. 

Id. 

The district court must consider all relevant factors when determining the amount 

and duration of a spousal maintenance award, including “the ability of the spouse from 

whom maintenance is sought to meet needs while meeting those of the spouse seeking 

maintenance.” Minn. Stat. § 518.552, subd. 2(g) (2014). When deciding whether to award 

spousal maintenance, the district court essentially balances the obligee’s needs against the 

obligor’s ability to pay. Maiers v. Maiers, 775 N.W.2d 666, 668 (Minn. App. 2009). “In 

order to determine ability to pay, the court must make a determination of the payor spouse’s 

net or take-home pay.” Kostelnik v. Kostelnik, 367 N.W.2d 665, 670 (Minn. App. 1985), 

review denied (Minn. July 26, 1985). 

The district court found that appellant’s monthly expenses are $5,135. At the oral 

argument on appeal, appellant conceded that, as set forth in the record, his net monthly 

income, based upon a gross monthly income of $10,128, was $6,784 after deductions for 

state and federal taxes. Appellant argues that assuming this net income amount, along with 

his monthly expenses of $5,135 and his monthly spousal maintenance obligation of $2,500, 

he would have a cash shortfall each month of $851 per month ($6,784 less $5,135 and 

$2,500). However, appellant will be able to deduct the spousal maintenance payments 

from his gross income, which will decrease his tax liability, and, at the same time, increase 

his income available to meet his monthly expenses. See I.R.C. § 215(a) (2012) (allowing 

“as a deduction an amount equal to the alimony or separate maintenance payments paid 

during [an] individual’s taxable year”). In addition, the district court found that appellant 
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will receive approximately $200,000 in nonmarital property. Even a modest interest rate 

on that amount will allow appellant another source of income to meet his monthly 

expenses. Furthermore, as the district court noted, once the marital homestead is sold, as 

is anticipated under the parties’ judgment and decree, appellant’s expected monthly 

expenses will significantly decrease. 

Although the district court found that respondent earned a monthly gross income of 

$2,429, the district court, in determining her need for spousal maintenance, did not make a 

specific finding regarding the respondent’s net monthly income. With appellant’s payment 

of spousal maintenance of $2,500 per month, along with respondent’s monthly earned 

gross income of $2,429, she will receive a total of $4,929 each month. Upon this gross 

amount, she will owe federal and state income taxes upon her earnings and receipt of 

spousal maintenance. See I.R.C. § 71(a) (2012) (stating that “[g]ross income includes 

amounts received as alimony or separate maintenance payments”). In light of her monthly

expenses of $4,673, she would only have $256 remaining to pay her federal and state tax 

obligations. 

On this record, which demonstrates that respondent has a need for spousal 

maintenance and appellant has the ability to pay the spousal maintenance awarded, we 

cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion in awarding spousal 

maintenance in the amount of $2,500 per month. We agree with appellant that it would 

have been preferable if the district court would have specifically determined the net income 

for both appellant and respondent in awarding spousal maintenance and explained how it 

calculated the amount awarded. But, in light of evidence in the record regarding appellant’s 
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undisputed net income, his monthly expenses, and respondent’s need for spousal 

maintenance, and her monthly expenses, we are able to review the reasonableness of the 

award of spousal maintenance without these specific findings. Therefore, we do not find 

it necessary, as requested by appellant, to remand this matter to the district court to make 

specific findings regarding the parties’ net monthly incomes.

II.

Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion in awarding need-based 

attorney fees to respondent. A district court shall award need-based attorney fees if it finds 

that: the fees are necessary for the good faith assertion of the requesting party’s rights; the 

party from whom attorney fees are sought has the means to pay them; and the requesting 

party does not have the means to pay them. Minn. Stat. § 518.14, subd. 1 (2014). In the 

context of reviewing an award of need-based attorney fees, the Minnesota Supreme Court 

has stated that appellate courts review an award of attorney fees for an abuse of discretion. 

Gully v. Gully, 599 N.W.2d 814, 825 (Minn. 1999). But see Geske v. Marcolina, 624 

N.W.2d 813, 816 n.1 (Minn. App. 2001) (noting a tension in precedent regarding whether 

a need-based award of attorney fees is mandatory or discretionary).

Appellant argues that respondent has not satisfied any of the three statutory elements 

required to sustain an award of need-based attorney fees. He argues that the attorney fees 

were not necessary for a good faith assertion of respondent’s rights because the case 

proceeded “uneventfully.” But, contrary to appellant’s argument, even though the parties 

came to an agreement on several issues, they disputed key issues of spousal maintenance 
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and child support. The attorney fees were therefore necessary for respondent to assert her 

rights with respect to the disputed issues so that the district court could resolve them. 

Appellant argues that he does not have the means to pay the attorney fees. But, 

there is no merit to this claim in light of the district court’s order that the attorney fees that 

are to be paid to respondent will be paid from appellant’s share of the proceeds from the 

sale of the homestead when it is sold, not from his monthly income. 

Appellant argues that respondent will have the means to pay the attorney fees with 

her share of the proceeds from the sale of the marital homestead and her retirement assets. 

The district court found that there was a “substantial disparity in the parties’ incomes,”

noting that respondent earns an annual gross income of $29,147 while appellant has an 

annual income of over $120,000. Also, the district court found that there was substantial 

disparity in “the division of marital/non-marital assets” under the judgment and decree. 

Because of respondent’s low income, especially as compared to appellant’s, and the

disparity in the division of marital and nonmarital assets, the district court’s finding that 

she is unable to pay her attorney fees is not clearly erroneous. 

Based upon this record, all three statutory elements are satisfied. Respondent has 

shown that when the parties were unable to settle their dispute, the fees were necessary for 

the good faith assertion of her claims for child support and spousal maintenance, that 

appellant will have the means to pay the fees out of his share of the proceeds from the sale 

of the homestead, and that she did not have the means to pay the fees. The district 
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court did not abuse its discretion by awarding respondent $15,000 in need-based attorney 

fees. 

Affirmed.