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                        Acebes-Doria, Angelita
                                    Cha, Dong
                                    Follett, Peter
                                    Johnson, Melissa
                                    Liang, Peishih
                                    Manoukis, Nicholas
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Title:   Author  item
                                            Follett, Peter
  Submitted to: Journal of Economic Entomology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 5/14/2009
                                    Publication  Date: 8/1/2009
                                    Citation: Follett, P.A. 2009. Generic Quarantine Radiation Treatment; The Next Steps. Journal of Economic Entomology. 102: 1399-1406.Interpretive Summary: APHIS recently published approved generic radiation doses of 150 Gy for tephritid fruit flies and 400 Gy for other insects except pupae and adults of Lepidoptera. Treatments are approved for all fresh horticultural commodities. Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. The next steps include (1) development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatments, (2) reduction of dose levels for specific commodities to shorten treatment time and minimize any deleterious effects of irradiation treatment on quality, and (3) development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies, and (4) commodity tolerance and development of value-added irradiated fresh products using generic radiation treatments. Generic treatments will accelerate trade between countries that have approved phytosanitary uses of irradiation for fresh agricultural commodities.
                                Technical Abstract: In 2006, USDA-APHIS published a landmark rule providing generic radiation quarantine treatments. The rule approved irradiation doses of 150 Gy for any tephritid fruit fly and 400 Gy for all other insects except the pupa and adult stages of Lepidoptera. The generic radiation treatments apply to all fresh horticultural commodities. Therefore, if a pest risk assessment demonstrates that no pupae or adult Lepidoptera are associated with a commodity, export approval can be forthcoming with no further research. Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. Future research on quarantine and phytosanitary uses of irradiation should focus on (1) development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatments, (2) reduction of dose levels for specific commodities to shorten treatment time and minimize any deleterious effects of irradiation treatment on quality, and (3) development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies, and (4) commodity tolerance and development of value-added irradiated fresh products using generic radiation treatments. Generic treatments will increase safe trade between countries that have approved phytosanitary uses of irradiation for fresh agricultural commodities.


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