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Title:   Author  item
                                            Liu, Ge

                                                         - *George*item
                                            YANG, JIANQI - CASE WESTERNitem
                                            MATUKUMALLI, LAKSHMI - GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITYitem
                                            Sonstegard, Taditem
                                            Van Tassell, Curtis

                                                         - *Curt*item
                                            HANSON, RICHARD - CASE WESTERN
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/5/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 1/4/2008
                                    Citation: Liu, G., Yang, J., Matukumalli, L.K., Sonstegard, T.S., Van Tassell, C.P., Hanson, R.W. 2008. Effects of species combination on comparative analyses of conserved regulatory elements. [abstract]. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. p.100.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Cross-species DNA sequence comparison is the primary approach to discover regulatory elements by identifying highly conserved sequences due to evolutionary constraints. Previously, we reported that a systematic approach, combining position-specific weight matrixes (JASPAR) and phylogenetic footprinting algorithm (TFLOC), was implemented and optimized to identify transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in mammalian promoter regions. To estimate the impact of evolutionary distance on predictive power, TFLOC and PhastCons were applied to various species combinations including human-chimpanzee-macaque, human-mouse-rat and human-cattle-dog. Computational prediction was compared with previously known sites at diverse genomic loci. Those newly discovered sites were further confirmed by experimental verifications including gel shifting and reporter assays.  The best prediction was produced by the human-cattle-dog comparison with a higher sensitivity and a higher true-positive rate. The closer human-chimpanzee-macaque comparison produced more spurious sites, while the more distant human-mouse-rat comparison had a lower sensitivity.  These results highlight the importance of choosing species at proper evolutionary distance for comparative genomics studies.


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