N85 W12545 Westbrook Crossing • Menomonee Falls, WI 53051

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

October 8, 2018 

Submitted via regulations.gov

Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer

U.S. Trade Representative

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative

600 17th Street NW

Washington, DC 20508

RE: Request To Consider Requests for Exclusion of Particular Products from the 

Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices 

Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation (USTR-2018-0025)

Dear Ambassador Lighthizer:

ECM Industries LLC (“ECM”) hereby submits this request to exclude items under the 

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (“HTS”) subheading 8536.50.9065 from the 

additional ad valorem duty of 25 percent on approximately $34 billion worth of Chinese 

imports.46

ECM is a small business with a long history of manufacturing and supplying electrical 

components and products for the construction, industrial power, and transportation markets. We 

are headquartered in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, and have a global presence with six locations 

across the U.S., Mexico, and China. Our legacy dates back to 1959 with the founding of Gardner 

Bender, one of our leading brands. Since then, we have built a world-class organization.

ECM employs 350 employees worldwide, of which 320 are based in the U.S. Our company is 

one of the U.S.’s preeminent suppliers of innovative and niche electrical products and systems 

and we are dedicated to providing our customers with solutions for their electrical applications. 

From lighting a commercial building to remodeling a home to providing the electrical 

connections that stand up to the harshest outdoor environments, the brands of ECM Industries 

provide the right solution for the most demanding applications.

 

46 Notice of Action and Request for Public Comment Concerning Proposed Determination of Action Pursuant to\

Section 301: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and 

Innovation, 83 Fed. Reg. 28710 (Jun. 20, 2018). 
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LXI. Product Description

We request that USTR exclude the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY that is 

imported under HTS subheading 8536.50.9065. 

Item: #40190, SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY

HTS subheading: 8536.50.9065

Item Description: Electrical switch with round ivory button, two screws connected by two ushaped metal pieces, made of plastic and metal components. Used in automobiles for aftermarket 

horns.

Material(s): Made of plastic and metal components

Item Size (inches H x W x D): 8x6x3.25

Item Weight (pounds): 12.80

LXII. ECM Cannot Source the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY

From Countries Outside Of China. 

The SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY and comparable products are not 

available in the U.S. or countries outside of China. While we have explored the possibility of 

sourcing these products from other countries, there are no alternative manufacturers of the 

SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY. 

Shifting to a non-Chinese source for the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY is 

not a viable option at this time. Global supply chains are extremely complex and it can take 

years to find the right partners who can meet the proper criteria and our produce the SWITCH 

BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY at the scale and cost that is needed. The SWITCH 

BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY is designed and packaged to our unique specifications 

and we have been working with our Chinese vendors for over 20 years to ensure that the 

SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY meets the high quality standards we expect. 

We have invested millions of dollars in tooling, training, and employ nearly 20 people in 

Shanghai who oversee and manage our supplier base. It is nearly impossible for us to develop 

similar relationships and supply chains in the near term to make this product.

We have explored the possibility of sourcing the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET 

IVORY from other countries. This is extremely impractical given the prohibitive cost 

disadvantages of other countries such as labor and raw material costs. Several of our Chinese 

suppliers have even looked to move their factories to countries outside of China to remain in 

business and continue to support customers such as us. However, this relocation will not happen 

in the near term to help provide tariff relief. 

Additionally, there are few viable U.S.-based sources that manufacture the SWITCH BUTTON 

HORN W/BRACKET IVORY. We believe that developing the necessary manufacturing 

capacity within America is technically and economically infeasible in the short term to meet our 

customers’ demand requirements. Based on our understanding, the U.S. suppliers of the 

SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY also import products or components from 

Chinese suppliers and then add some limited value through additional manufacturing here in the 
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U.S. Because of this Chinese reliance, these suppliers have already demanded 25 percent price 

increase for this product. Because of this we have already run into difficulties on guaranteeing 

supply on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY. 

LXIII. The Imposition of this Duty on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET 

IVORY Has a Significant Impact on ECM’s Business, Resulting in a Significant 

Profit Loss and Reduction of ECM’s Workforce. 

As you can tell from the below information, we import a significant amount of the SWITCH 

BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY from China and imposition of this duty will negatively 

impact our business. 

Year Value (dollars) Quantity

2015 [ [

2016 [ [

2017 [ [

The SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY is already subject to a heavy duty. The 

proposed duty on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY would cost ECM 

hundreds of dollars in increased duties. The cumulative impact of the list 1 Section 301 tariffs 

would cost ECM millions of dollars in increased duties. These additional unexpected costs for 

our small business are layered on top of the detrimental impacts from the Section 301 tariffs 

imposed on our products on lists 1 and 2 and those proposed for list 3 that total over $5.9

million. Overall, these tariffs cripple ECM, forcing ECM to reduce its workforce in the U.S. to 

afford these tariffs. 

Additionally, applying this tariff on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY will 

have a significant impact on ECM’s customers. ECM has thousands of customers, with more 

than 95 percent based in the U.S. Our customers are predominantly U.S. distributors, retailers, 

and manufacturers that distribute or use our products in electrical construction, maintenance, and 

repair applications. Because of the competitive nature of our business, and the fact we deal with 

many power buyers such as big box stores, we cannot recover the costs of the tariff on the 

SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY by passing it along to our customers as they 

are extremely price sensitive and will look for an alternative supplier. Imposing this tariff on our 

product would cause substantial downstream injury to those industries as well, which would 

eventually trickle down to the U.S. consumer. 

This ad valorem tariff on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY places our 

company between a rock and a hard place. If we try and pass the full amount of the duty on to 

our customers, we run the risk of losing our contracts with major customers, and with that 

millions of dollars of sales and profits. The alternative is not a good one, and that means 

reducing our workforce in the U.S. in order to absorb the costs of this tariff. We have been a 

healthy and growing business and have not laid anyone off in over five years; in fact we have 

been hiring. As of July 6, 2018, we have implemented a hiring freeze and are only replacing 

critical positions as a result of attrition. Because of the cumulative impact of these tariffs, we 
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will be forced to reduce our headcount by 50 to 60 people in order to offset the costs to our 

bottom line. 

When the tariff on the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY can be passed on, we 

expect most of the impact will be felt by consumers and contractors who buy and use the 

SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY in electrical installation and repair and 

remodel projects, which will ultimately have an impact on the cost of construction projects. In 

fact, a significant portion of the product is purchased by consumers directly at most leading 

retailers and hardware chains across the country.

Instead of impacting China’s manufacturing industry, the tariff on the SWITCH BUTTON 

HORN W/BRACKET IVORY will significantly harm ECM and our customers here in the U.S.

LXIV. Imposing the Ad Valorem Tariff under Section 301 on the SWITCH BUTTON 

HORN W/BRACKET IVORY Will Not Be Effective in Eliminating China’s 

Predatory Acts. 

USTR’s Section 301 report found that various policies and practices of the Chinese government 

are designed to promote Chinese companies as leaders in supplying certain advanced 

technologies around the world and to reduce imports of these technologies that Chinese 

industries rely upon. According to USTR and the White House’s Office of Trade and 

Manufacturing policy, China has participated in physical and cyber-enabled theft of 

technologies, required technology transfer for market access, and investment restrictions, among

other coercive and intrusive restrictions that harm American intellectual property rights, 

innovation, and technology development.47

According to the various Section 301 reports, the technologies that China targets through its 

policies are advanced technologies in the following industries: (1) advanced information 

technology; (2) robotics and automated machine tools; (3) aircraft and aircraft components; (4) 

maritime vessels and marine engineering equipment; (5) advanced rail equipment; (6) new 

energy vehicles; (7) electrical generation and transmission equipment; (8) agricultural machinery 

and equipment; (9) new materials; and (10) pharmaceuticals and advanced medical devices.48

Notably, the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY and its manufacture are not 

among the list of advanced technologies or industries that are targeted by the Chinese 

government policies.

The SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY has been on the market for many years 

and does not contain sensitive technology or intellectual property that is the target of China’s 

practices. In fact, ECM has been sourcing the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET 

IVORY from China since the 1990’s and has not experienced these challenges. To the contrary, 

 

47 USTR, Findings of the Investigation Into China’s Acts, Policies, And Practices Related to Technology Transfer, 

Intellectual Property, and Innovation Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 1–2 (Mar. 22, 2018) [hereinafter 

Section 301 Findings]; Office of Trace and Manufacturing Policy, Executive Office of the President, How China’s 

Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and World (Jun. 

2018) [hereinafter China’s Economic Aggression].

48 Section 301 Findings, at 14. 
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ECM has enjoyed a constructive relationship with its Chinese suppliers and has not encountered 

any of the intellectual property theft, cyber theft, or other technology-related compilations that 

advanced technology industries have faced. 

In sum, our importation of the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY from China is 

not linked to any purportedly unfair practices. Imposing punitive tariffs on our imports would 

only harm our small business and the U.S. customers we serve without advancing the stated 

objectives of the Section 301 proceeding.

* * *

ECM appreciates the opportunity to request this exemption from the Section 301 tariffs. While 

we understand and support the motivation for fair trade policies and a level playing field, we 

respectfully request that the SWITCH BUTTON HORN W/BRACKET IVORY imported from 

China under HTS subheading 8536.50.9065 be exempt from the additional 25 percent ad 

valorem duty because it will not accomplish the desired purpose and will have a significant 

detrimental impact on ECM, the businesses we supply, and U.S. consumers.

Respectfully submitted, 

David Scheer

Chief Executive Officer

ECM Industries LLC