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Title:   Author  item
                                            EWALD, S - AUBURN UNIVERSITY, ALitem
                                            LIVANT, E - AUBURN UNIVERSITY, ALitem
                                            KALTENBOECK, L - AUBURN UNIVERSITY, ALitem
                                            Kapczynski, Darrellitem
                                            Suarez, Daviditem
                                            RALPH, J - AVIAGENitem
                                            MCLEOD, S - AVIAGENitem
                                            MILLER, C - AVIAGEN
  Submitted to: Avian Immunology Research Group Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/20/2008
                                    Publication  Date: 6/24/2008
                                    Citation: Ewald, S.J., Livant, E.J., Kaltenboeck, L., Kapczynski, D.R., Suarez, D.L., Ralph, J., Mcleod, S., Miller, C. 2008. Polymorphism in chicken Mx gene influences susceptibility to avian influenza virus infection [abstract]. Avian Immunology Research Group. p. 1.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The Mx protein is produced by host cells in response to IFN-alpha, and has been shown to confer protection against influenza in mammalian studies.  Chickens have a single Mx gene with multiple alleles.  In previous experiments, transfecting cDNAs of various alleles into mouse 3T3 cells, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding an Asn631Ser dimorphism in the Mx protein determined antiviral activity against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (Ko et al. 2002).  Mx-Asn631 was antivirally positive in transfection experiments, whereas the Mx-Ser631 alleles lacked antiviral activity.  We evaluated whether the Mx 631 dimorphism influenced pathogenesis of HPAIV in chickens of a commercial broiler line segregating for both Mx631 alleles.  The two Mx631 homozygous genotypes were produced from heterozygous parents for challenge with HPAIV strain A/Ck/Queretaro/95.  During the 10-day observation period following infection with 10^6 EID50 virus, almost all the chicks of both genotypes died; however, in the Mx-Asn631 group median survival was 4 days compared with 2 days in the Mx-Ser631 group.  Analysis of cytokine transcripts in spleens 2 days post-challenge revealed that IL-1beta and IFN-alpha were significantly higher in Mx-Asn631 chicks compared with the Mx-Ser631 group.  Even at a sublethal virus dose (10^4 EID50), IL-1beta and IFN-alpha'transcripts were significantly higher in spleens of Mx-Asn631 than Mx-Ser631 chicks 2 days post-challenge.  Overall, these studies provide the first evidence that Mx has a role in protection against influenza infection of chickens.  Supported by NRI Grant No. 2006-35205-16676 from the USDA CSREES Animal Genome Program.


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