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Title:   Author  item
                                            Wedge, Daviditem
                                            Klun, Jeromeitem
                                            Tabanca, Nurhayatitem
                                            DEMIRCI, BETUL - ANADOLU UNIVERSITY-TURKEYitem
                                            OZEK, TEMEL - ANADOLU UNIVERSITY-TURKEYitem
                                            BASER, K. HUSNU CAN - ANADOLU UNIVERSITY-TURKEYitem
                                            LIU, ZHIJUN - LOUISIANA STATE UNIV.item
                                            ZHANG, SUI - SHANGHAI ACADEMY-AG. SCI.item
                                            Cantrell, Charlesitem
                                            ZHANG, JIAN - SHANGHAI INST. OF TECH.
  Submitted to: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/18/2008
                                    Publication  Date: 2/1/2009
                                    Citation: Wedge, D.E., Klun, J.A., Tabanca, N., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Baser, K., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Cantrell, C.L., Zhang, J. 2009. Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and GC/MS Fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica Root Components for Antifungal and Mosquito Deterrent Activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57(2):464-470.Interpretive Summary: Plants used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are commonly utilized directly or in dietary supplements throughout Asia.  Angelica sinensis and A. archangelica have an important medicinal herb in China. Angelica sinensis has been used primarily as a general blood tonic and for gynecological disorders. Angelica. archangelica L. has been used in the treatment of gastric disorders. Phytochemically these species are very different and are often misidentified in the market and herbal shops and sold interchangeably and incorrectly.  Therefore, we chose to investigate these two plants chemically and biologically in detail.
                                Technical Abstract: Angelica sinensis and A. archangelica belong to the Umbelliferae and both are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gynecological and intestinal disorders.  In this study, oils from three different A. sinensis collections and one A. archangelica root were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.  The dominant component was (Z)-ligustilide (61-69%) for three A. sinensis collections.  Other two prominent compounds in A sinensis were (E)-3-butylidene phthalide (5.7- 9.8%) and (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide (1.5- 2.3%). The largest part of the A. archangelica oil was comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as alpha-pinene (24.5%), delta-3-carene (13.8%), beta-phellandrene (10.1%), p-cymene (8.8%), limonene (8.4%) and sabinene (6.3%).  Phthalides and monoterpene hydrocarbons were determined to be good systematic markers or chemical fingerprints for A. sinensis and A. archangelica root oils.  A non-polar antifungal compound was isolated from active chloroform fraction by bioassay-guided fractionation using the Colletotrichum direct-bioautography assay. (Z)-ligustilide was subsequently identified as the active compound by GC/MS, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. (Z)-Ligustilide showed moderate antifungal activity against anthracnose causing three Colletotrichum species.  (Z)-Ligustilide deterred the biting of two mosquito species more effectively than Deet.


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