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Title:   Author  item
                                            SMITH, RICHARD - UC COOP EXT, SALINAS,CAitem
                                            BETTIGA, LARRY - UC COOP EXT, SALINAS,CAitem
                                            CAHN, MICHAEL - UC COOP EXT, SALINAS, CAitem
                                            Baumgartner, Kendraitem
                                            JACKSON, LOUISE - DEPT OF LAWR, UC DAVISitem
                                            BENSEN, TIFFANY - UC COOP EXT, SALINAS, CA
  Submitted to: California Agriculture
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/15/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 1/1/2008
                                    Citation: Smith, R.F., Bettiga, L., Cahn, M., Baumgartner, K., Jackson, L., Bensen, T. 2008. VINEYARD FLOOR MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AFFECT SOIL PROPERTIES & MICROBIOLOGY, WATER RELATIONS, AND CROP NUTRITION. California Agriculture. 62:184-190.Interpretive Summary: A long-term comparison of several vineyard floor management practices (weed control and cover crops) was carried out in a California vineyard in order to evaluate their impact on grapevine nutrition, soil microbial ecology, and water runoff. The weed control treatments, which consisted of two types of herbicides (pre-emergence and post-emergence) and mechanical cultivation of the soil, had no impact on soil microbial biomass, but had a significant interactive effect with the rye cover crop on mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine roots, presumably due to differential effects on the composition of weed species that also host mycorrhizal fungi. Cover crop treatments, which consisted of rye or triticale (a rye-wheat hybrid) compared to a no-cover cropped control (bare soil) increased soil microbial biomass in the row middles, and there is some evidence that they may increase microbial biomass in adjacent vine rows. Cover crops increased soil organic matter and reduced levels of soil nitrate and phosphorus, which can help reduce losses of these nutrients in runoff.
                                Technical Abstract: A long-term comparison of various vineyard floor management practices (weed control and cover crops) indicates that weed control treatments had no impact on soil microbial biomass, but had a significant interactive effect with the rye cover crop on mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine roots, presumably due to differential effects on the composition of weed species that also host mycorrhizal fungi. Cover crops increased soil microbial biomass in the row middles and there is some evidence that they may increase microbial biomass in adjacent vine rows. Cover crops increased soil organic matter and reduced levels of soil nitrate and phosphorus, which can help reduce losses of these nutrients in runoff.


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