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Title:   Author  item
                                            He, Louisitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*
  Submitted to: American Association of Immunologists Proceedings
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/29/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 5/18/2007
                                    Citation: He, H., Genovese, K.J., Kogut, M.H. 2007. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and double-stranded RNA synergize inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in chicken monocytes [abstract]. The Journal of Immunology. 178:90.13.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize microbial components and initiate innate immune responses that control microbial infections.  We have investigated the innate immune response of chicken monocytes to bacterial CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide, CpG-ODN, and the analog of viral double-stranded RNA, poly I:C.  Our results show ligands poly I:C and CpG-ODN of the TLR3 and TLR9, respectively, synergized the induction of many genes involving inflammatory responses including nitric oxide and cytokines, IL-1beta, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-18, and IL-12, in chicken monocytes.  We also demonstrated the differential responses of some cytokines such as IL-18 and IFN-beta to CpG-ODN and poly I:C stimulations, respectively.  Those results demonstrate differential roles for TLR3 and TLR9 in signaling immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in chicken monocytes as well as a synergistic interaction between the two signaling pathways.  Furthermore, our results suggest synergistic interaction between TLR3 and TLR9 pathways may contribute the “lethal synergism” of bacterial and viral co-infections.


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