[Cite as State v. Fraam, 2017-Ohio-1088.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

 )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF LORAIN ) 

STATE OF OHIO 

 Appellee 

 v. 

LEWIS J. FRAAM 

 Appellant 

C.A. No. 15CA010784 

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT 

ENTERED IN THE 

AVON LAKE MUNICIPAL COURT 

COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO 

CASE No. TRD1500198 

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY 

Dated: March 27, 2017 

 

CANNON, Judge. 

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Lewis Fraam appeals from the judgment of the Avon Lake 

Municipal Court. This Court affirms. 

I. 

{¶2} In January 2015, a complaint was filed in Avon Lake Municipal Court alleging 

that, on January 26, 2015, around 1:00 a.m., Mr. Fraam violated R.C. 4511.201, a third-degree 

misdemeanor as charged. The matter proceeded to a trial, after which the trial court found Mr. 

Fraam guilty and sentenced him to a fine of $300.00, court costs, and a license suspension of six 

months. Additionally, two points were assessed on Mr. Fraam’s driving record. Mr. Fraam 

moved to stay the execution of the sentence, but his motion was denied. 

{¶3} Mr. Fraam has timely appealed the trial court’s judgment, raising a single 

assignment of error for our review. The State has not filed an appellate brief in this matter. See 

App.R. 18(C). 
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II. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

THE VERDICT IS AGAINST THE WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE. 

{¶4} In Mr. Fraam’s stated assignment of error, he argues that the verdict is against the 

manifest weight of the evidence. Mr. Fraam appears to assert that his testimony was more 

credible than the officer’s and that the weight of the evidence does not support that Mr. Fraam 

possessed the requisite mens rea. While he also argues in the text of his brief that the verdict is 

based upon insufficient evidence, his captioned assignment of error is directed only at the weight 

of the evidence. We will limit our analysis accordingly. See State v. Saunders, 9th Dist. Medina 

No. 14CA0125-M, 2016-Ohio-5284, ¶ 22. 

{¶5} When a defendant asserts that his conviction is against the manifest weight of the 

evidence: 

an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all 

reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine 

whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way 

and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be 

reversed and a new trial ordered. 

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). 

{¶6} Mr. Fraam was found guilty of violating R.C. 4511.201 due to his actions in a 

parking lot near Recreation Boulevard and the stadium. R.C. 4511.201(A) states that: 

No person shall operate a vehicle * * * on any public or private property other 

than streets or highways, in willful or wanton disregard of the safety of persons or 

property. 

This section does not apply to the competitive operation of vehicles on public or 

private property when the owner of such property knowingly permits such 

operation thereon. 

{¶7} In the context of this statute, this Court has concluded that the term “willful” 

“implies an act done intentionally, designedly, knowingly, or purposely, without justifiable 
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excuse.” State v. Adams, 9th Dist. Medina No. 03CA0098-M, 2004-Ohio-3253, ¶ 9, quoting 

State v. Earlenbaugh, 18 Ohio St.3d 19, 21 (1985). We have concluded that an act is “wanton” 

when it is done “in reckless disregard of the rights of others which evinces a reckless 

indifference of the consequences to the life, limb, health, reputation, or property of others.” 

Adams at ¶ 9, quoting Earlenbaugh at 21-22. Further, “when the operator of a vehicle, with full 

knowledge of the surrounding circumstances, recklessly and inexcusably disregards the rights of 

other motorists, his conduct may be characterized as wanton.” Adams at ¶ 9, quoting 

Earlenbaugh at 22. 

{¶8} Officer Larry Miller, a patrol officer with Avon Police Department, testified that, 

on January 26, 2015, he was traveling westbound on Chester Road in a marked police car. He 

averred that it “was snowing very badly that night.” He observed a vehicle, which he later 

determined was being driven by Mr. Fraam, pull into the parking lot of the Great Escape. He 

could not see the vehicle, but he observed “the headlights come around in a rapid fashion in the 

snow.” The vehicle exited the lot and continued westbound on Chester Road. Due to the 

treacherous conditions, Officer Miller had difficulty catching up to Mr. Fraam’s vehicle. 

However, as he drove by the Great Escape parking lot, he noticed that the only vehicle tracks in 

the parking lot were those forming “a small doughnut[,]” which he defined as “a small circle.” 

{¶9} Officer Miller continued to try to catch up to Mr. Fraam’s vehicle and followed it 

as it turned right onto 611 and then left onto Recreation Boulevard. Officer Miller observed Mr. 

Fraam’s vehicle pull into a parking lot near the stadium. Officer Miller testified that the parking 

lot had at least two or three dozen light poles, although he acknowledged that there were no other 

cars or people in the parking lot. Officer Miller testified that the “vehicle went straight, did a 

doughnut, and was starting to come out” when Mr. Fraam’s vehicle met Officer Miller’s. He 
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clarified that Mr. Fraam “pulled in, [] gunned it, [and] the rear end of the vehicle swung all the 

way around, and [Mr. Fraam] came back out [of the parking lot].” Officer Miller estimated he 

was approximately 200 yards from the vehicle. Mr. Fraam’s vehicle then passed Officer 

Miller’s, and Officer Miller turned around and was finally able to initiate a traffic stop at the stop 

light. 

{¶10} Officer Miller approached Mr. Fraam’s vehicle and asked Mr. Fraam “what he 

was doing back there[.]” Mr. Fraam responded that “he was having fun on his way home.” 

Officer Miller indicated that Mr. Fraam was cited for a third-degree misdemeanor due to his 

prior record. See R.C. 4511.201(B). Officer Miller testified that he believed Mr. Fraam’s 

actions could have damaged his vehicle, the lights posts, or that he could have hurt himself. 

Officer Miller acknowledged that there were dash cam and body cam videos of events during the 

timeframe; however, due to the weather and the distance, Officer Miller testified that the 

doughnut was not visible on the video. 

{¶11} Mr. Fraam testified that he reviewed the video and asserted that Officer Miller’s 

testimony was inconsistent with the video. Mr. Fraam indicated that the video showed him 

pulling into the parking lot, turning around, and leaving and also showed that Officer Miller 

appeared to be much closer than 200 yards. Mr. Fraam maintained that the video did not show 

his rear wheels sliding out and asserted that, because his vehicle was a front wheel drive vehicle, 

his rear tires would not have spun around as Officer Miller had testified. Mr. Fraam agreed that 

his car could do a doughnut but believed that he would have had to “do it in reverse.” While Mr. 

Fraam declined to answer several questions, he did admit to being in the parking lot near the 

stadium and telling Officer Miller that he was just having fun before he went home. Mr. Fraam 

clarified that he “sometimes take[s] advantage of empty parking lots when they are snow 
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covered” as he views them as “a great tool to learn how to regain control of your vehicle once it 

is in a point of no[] control.” He further testified that such was his original intent in going in the 

parking lot near the stadium. However, when he saw Officer Miller behind him he was not 

“foolish enough to go ahead and [] break the law in * * * full view of the officer.” At that point, 

Mr. Fraam turned around and exited the lot. Mr. Fraam claimed that when he told Officer Miller 

he was just having fun, that was in reference to the Great Escape parking lot, not the parking lot 

near the stadium, which was the source of the complaint against him. Thus, it appears that Mr. 

Fraam denied that he did a doughnut in the parking lot near the stadium. The trial court declined 

to view the videos and ultimately found Mr. Fraam guilty. 

{¶12} After independently reviewing the record, we cannot say that the trial court lost its 

way and committed a manifest miscarriage of justice in finding Mr. Fraam guilty. While Mr. 

Fraam appears to assert that his testimony was more credible than Officer Miller’s and that 

Officer Miller should not be believed because his testimony was not corroborated, we cannot say 

that the trial court’s credibility determinations were unreasonable. Further, Mr. Fraam has not 

pointed to any case law that requires that the officer’s testimony be corroborated under the 

circumstances before us. See App.R. 16(A)(7). “We remain mindful that ‘[t]he [trier of fact] 

was able to observe the witnesses’ demeanor during [ ] testimony and use these observations to 

weigh the credibility and resolve the conflicts in the testimony.’” State v. Gasser, 9th Dist. 

Medina No. 15CA0046-M, 2016-Ohio-7538, ¶ 34, quoting State v. Andrews, 9th Dist. Summit 

No. 25114, 2010-Ohio-6126, ¶ 28. “Moreover, as we have stated numerous times, the ‘[t]he trier 

of fact is free to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of each witness.’” Gasser at ¶ 34, 

quoting State v. Parker, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 15CA010750, 2016-Ohio-5663, ¶ 23. Further, we 
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disagree with Mr. Fraam’s contention that the weight of the evidence did not support that he 

possessed the requisite mens rea. 

{¶13} There was evidence presented from which the trier of fact could reasonably 

conclude that the conditions were treacherous on the night at issue, that Mr. Fraam did a 

doughnut in the parking lot of the Great Escape, that Mr. Fraam was not driving cautiously in 

light of Officer Miller’s inability to keep up with Mr. Fraam’s vehicle, and that Mr. Fraam did 

another doughnut in the parking lot near the stadium. There was also evidence that there were 

two to three dozen light posts in the parking lot near the stadium and that some of the posts were 

in the vicinity of Mr. Fraam’s vehicle. Even Mr. Fraam acknowledged that, when he was asked 

by the officer what he was doing, he told the officer that “he was having fun[.]” While Mr. 

Fraam denied making a doughnut in the parking lot near the stadium, and asserted that his 

comment instead referred to his conduct in the Great Escape parking lot, the trial court was not 

required to believe his explanation. Given Officer Miller’s testimony and Mr. Fraam’s comment 

that “he was having fun[,]” there was evidence that Mr. Fraam intentionally made two doughnuts 

and thus his actions could be categorized as willful. See Adams, 2004-Ohio-3253, at ¶ 9, quoting 

Earlenbaugh, 18 Ohio St.3d at 21 (defining willful as “an act done intentionally, designedly, 

knowingly, or purposely, without justifiable excuse”). Further, in light of the surrounding 

circumstances, which included the presence of two to three dozen light posts, the treacherous 

conditions, and the evidence that Mr. Fraam was seeking to learn how to gain control of his 

vehicle after intentionally losing control, and “hav[e] fun[,]” the trier of fact could also 

reasonably have concluded that his actions were in willful “disregard of the safety of persons or 

property.” R.C. 4511.201(A); see also Logan v. Adams, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 431, 1986 WL 

3400, *1-2 (Mar. 20, 1986) (affirming conviction and concluding there was ample evidence 
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where defendant twice did doughnuts on resident’s snow-covered yard throwing snow and mud 

on his porch). We cannot conclude that Mr. Fraam’s conviction is against the weight of the 

evidence. Therefore, we overrule Mr. Fraam’s sole assignment of error. 

III. 

{¶14} Mr. Fraam’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Avon Lake 

Municipal Court is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

 

 There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

 We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Avon Lake 

Municipal Court, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A 

certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. 

 Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the 

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the 

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 

 Costs taxed to Appellant. 

 

 TIMOTHY P. CANNON 

 FOR THE COURT 
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HENSAL, P.J. 

CONCURS. 

CARR, J. 

DISSENTING. 

{¶15} I respectfully dissent from the judgment of the majority, as I would conclude that 

the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. In light of the circumstances of this case, I 

cannot say that the weight of the evidence supports that Mr. Fraam operated his vehicle “in 

willful or wanton disregard of the safety of persons or property.” R.C. 4511.201(A). Here, there 

was no testimony about how far apart the light posts were, how close Mr. Fraam got to the posts, 

or how fast he was going while doing the doughnut. Further, Mr. Fraam’s charge was only based 

upon the events in the parking lot near the stadium. Accordingly, to the extent he may have been 

driving too fast on the road or may have engaged in other conduct in the Great Escape parking 

lot, such would not support that he violated R.C. 4511.201(A) while in the parking lot near the 

stadium. Therefore, because I would conclude the weight of the evidence does not support the 

verdict, I respectfully dissent. 

(Cannon, J., of the Eleventh District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment.) 

APPEARANCES: 

ROBERT CABRERA, Attorney at Law, for Appellant. 

RICHARD KRAY, Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.