U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            OKAMURA, MASASHI - OBIHIRO UNIV., JAPANitem
                                            Lillehoj, Hyunitem
                                            RAYBOURNE, RICHARD - FDAitem
                                            BABU, UMA - FDAitem
                                            HECKERT, ROBERT - UNIV OF MDitem
                                            SASAI, KAZUMI - OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIV.item
                                            BABA, EIICHIRO - OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIV.item
                                            LILLEHOJ, ERIK - UNIV OF MD
  Submitted to: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/22/2006
                                    Publication  Date: 12/22/2006
                                    Citation: Okamura, M., Lillehoj, H.S., Raybourne, R.B., Babu, U.S., Heckert, R.A., Sasai, K., Baba, E., Lillehoj, E.P. 2006. Differential Responses of Macrophages to Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 107:327-335.Interpretive Summary: In this paper, ARS scientists collaborated with scientists at University of Osaka in Japan to investigate host innate immunity against Salmonellosis which is a major source of human food poisoning. Epidemiological studies have indicated that Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a major source of human food poisoning through consumption of contaminated eggs and egg products. Understanding how host immune system recognizes and kills SE will facilitate the development of new control method for SE. In this study, in vitro assay system was developed to evaluate the role of SE in inducing macrophage activation. The results show that macrophages are major effectors against Salmonella infection and an underlying protective mechanism involves secretion of soluble factors called chemokines by the activated macrophages. 
Furthermore, different Salmonella species elicited different types of macrophage and chemokine responses and these differential host responses could explain different immunopathology associated with different Salmonella infections.
                                Technical Abstract: Macrophages are major effectors against Salmonella infection, and also transport bacteria between host tissues and provide a protected site for intracellular bacterial replication.  We hypothesized that differences in chicken macrophage responses to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) and serovar Typhimurium (ST) played a role in preferential infection of eggs by SE compared with ST.  To test this hypothesis, we determined
bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular viability and macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production following in vitro infection with SE or ST in the presence or absence of interferon g (IFN g).  The effects of bacterial components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagella, on NO production were also assessed.  Our results showed:  (1) in the presence or absence of IFN g, the percentage macrophages phagocytizing SE and ST  was similar (2) the number of intracellular viable SE was significantly reduced compared with ST in the presence or absence of IFN g; (3) Increased macrophage necrosis was seen in the presence of IFN g and ST; (4) Salmonella infection acted synergistically with IFN ?  in induction of nitric oxide (NO) production; and (5) in the absence of IFN g, macrophages produced significantly greater NO following treatment with SE outer membrane protein (OMP) or flagella compared with ST OMP or flagella, while in the presence of IFN ? significantly less NO
was produced following treatment with SE LPS compared with ST LPS.  These results suggest that differential responses of chicken macrophages to SE vs. ST may result in increased macrophage death with ST which could result in an increased inflammatory response as compared to SE.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov