* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

JAN 6 2000

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

HARMON CALLINS,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

KENNETH S. APFEL, Commissioner,

Social Security Administration,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 98-6415

(D.C. No. 97-CV-1588)

(W.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before BALDOCK , PORFILIO , and BRORBY , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination

of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
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Plaintiff-appellant Harmon Callins appeals from an order of the district

court affirming the Commissioner’s decision denying his application for Social

Security disability benefits. Appellant filed for these benefits in September 1994. 

He alleged disability based on back problems, high blood pressure, and mental

retardation. The agency denied his application initially and on reconsideration.

On February 13, 1996, appellant received a de novo hearing before an

administrative law judge (ALJ). The ALJ determined that appellant retained the

residual functional capacity (RFC) to perform the full range of light work, prior

to the expiration of his insured status on March 31, 1994. He found that appellant

could not return to his past relevant work, but that there were a significant

number of other jobs which he could perform in the national or regional economy. 

Applying the Rule 202.17 of the Medical-Vocational Guidelines, 20 C.F.R. pt.

404, Subpt. P, App. 2 (the grids) as a framework, the ALJ concluded that

appellant was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The

Appeals Council denied review, making the ALJ’s decision the Commissioner’s

final decision.

We review the Commissioner’s decision to determine whether the factual

findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the

correct legal standards were applied. See Andrade v. Secretary of Health &

Human Servs., 985 F.2d 1045, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). Substantial evidence
-3-

is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

support a conclusion.” Fowler v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 1451, 1453 (10th Cir. 1989)

(quotations omitted).

The Commissioner follows a five-step sequential evaluation process

to determine whether a claimant is disabled. See Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d

748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988). The claimant bears the burden of establishing

a prima facie case of disability at steps one through four. See id. at 751 n.2. 

If the claimant successfully meets this burden, the burden of proof shifts to the

Commissioner at step five to show that the claimant retains sufficient RFC to

perform work in the national economy, given his age, education and work

experience. See id. at 751.

On appeal, appellant raises three issues: (1) whether the ALJ erroneously

found that he did not meet or equal a listed impairment; (2) whether the ALJ

denied him due process in his handling of evidence from a post-hearing medical

advisor; and (3) whether the ALJ erroneously found that appellant did not have

a severe mental impairment. Appellant contends that he has an impairment which

meets or equals Listing § 1.05C of 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1. This

listing requires a showing of a vertebrogenic disorder (e.g., herniated nucleus

puplosus, spinal stenosis):

with the following persisting for at least 3 months despite prescribed

therapy and expected to last 12 months. With both 1 and 2:
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1. Pain, muscle spasm, and significant limitation of motion in

the spine; and

2. Appropriate radicular distribution of significant motor loss

with muscle weakness and sensory reflex loss.

Id.

It is appellant’s burden to show that he meets these criteria. See Nielson v.

Sullivan , 992 F.2d 1118, 1120 (10th Cir. 1993) (holding that claimant bears the

burden of proof through step four of the analysis). In order to assist him in

evaluating appellant’s claim that he met the Listing, the ALJ obtained a report

from Jack D. Spencer, M.D., a medical expert. Dr. Spencer opined that appellant

met Listing 1.05C from December 23, 1991 until August 13, 1992. He noted,

however, that he did not have any exhibit subsequent to August 13, 1992 from

which to determine whether appellant continued to meet the listing after that date.

Appellant argues that there was evidence pertaining to the time period

after August 13, 1992 which showed that he continued to meet the Listing for

a period of at least twelve months. This evidence consists of a medical report

dated July 5, 1994, completed by Dr. Richard F. Harper. In the report, Dr. Harper

notes that his examination of appellant’s back 

reveals a hip flexion angle of 30 degrees and a true lumbar flexion

angle is 30 degrees. Extension is to 10 degrees and lateral bending is

to 15 degrees bilaterally. Deep tendon reflexes are less active on the

right than the left. There is decreased sensation over the left lateral

lower leg. There is weakness of the right hip and leg muscles. 

Straight leg raising is to 30 degrees on the right.
-5-

Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 132.

Dr. Harper also stated that x-rays showed “loss of the lordotic curve

compatible with musculo-ligamentous injury” and that there was disc

derangement at L4 and L5. Id. He noted that appellant complained of pain

at the beltline radiating into his buttocks and legs, and numbness in his legs. 

These findings were equal or worse in severity to those Dr. Harper observed

on August 13, 1992 and reported in the last report reviewed by Dr. Spencer.

Appellant contends that this latter record, when coupled with Dr. Spencer’s

opinion, shows that his condition met the Listing criteria for severity for a period

lasting more than twelve months, lasting from December 23, 1991 until at least

July 5, 1994. The ALJ rejected Dr. Harper’s July 5, 1994 report as evidence that

appellant continued to meet the Listing, however, because it was made after the

expiration of appellant’s insured status by a non-treating physician. The ALJ

acted within his prerogative in refusing to rely on the report as adequate evidence

that appellant met the Listing for the full twelve-month period. Cf. 20 C.F.R.

Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1. § 1.00(B) (“Appropriate abnormal physical findings

must be shown to persist on repeated examinations despite therapy for a

reasonable presumption to be made that severe impairment [under Listing 1.05C]

will last for a continuous period of 12 months”); see also Castellano v. Secretary

of Health & Human Servs. , 26 F.3d 1027, 1029 (10th Cir. 1994) (holding
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physician’s opinion of disability at step three is not binding on Commissioner;

ultimate issue of disability is reserved to the Commissioner).

We note also that the ALJ arranged for an orthopedic examination of

appellant to supplement the record. Appellant refused to appear for that

consultative examination, without explanation. The regulations warn that “[i]f

you are applying for benefits and do not have a good reason for failing or refusing

to take part in a consultative examination or test which we arrange for you to get

information we need to determine your disability or blindness, we may find that

you are not disabled or blind.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1518. Having refused to appear

for a consultative examination scheduled for his benefit, appellant cannot

complain when the ALJ rejected his claim that he met a listing for lack of

evidence.

Appellant also contends that the ALJ’s failure to forward the July 5, 1994

report to Dr. Spencer for evaluation violated his right to due process. The ALJ

specifically offered appellant’s counsel the opportunity to hold a supplemental

hearing concerning Dr. Spencer’s report, and to cross-examine Dr. Spencer, and

she declined. The ALJ’s decision shows that he reviewed the July 5, 1994 report,

and that he stated his reasons for determining that the report was insufficient to

show that appellant met Listing 1.05C for a continuous period of twelve months. 
-7-

Appellant fails to show that his right to due process in the administrative

proceedings was violated.

Finally, appellant claims that the ALJ failed to consider evidence that he

has a severe mental impairment which could affect his ability to work. After the

hearing, appellant submitted the results of a WAIS-R intelligence test which was

completed on October 14, 1996. The test showed that appellant has an IQ of 79,

with a performance IQ of 76 and a verbal IQ of 82. The ALJ stated “[t]his

examination does not indicate that the claimant has a severe mental impairment.

In these circumstances, preparation of a Psychiatric Review Technique Form is

not required.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 16 (emphasis added).

In Cockerham v. Sullivan , 895 F.2d 492, 496 (8th Cir. 1990), the Eighth

Circuit stated as follows: “[a] claimant whose alleged impairment is an I.Q. of

70-79 inclusive has alleged a severe impairment and may be considered disabled

after consideration of vocational factors” (emphasis added). This circuit has

followed Cockerham in two unpublished decisions. See Fries v. Chater ,

No. 96-2047, 1997 WL 31561, at **2 (10th Cir. Jan. 28, 1997); Turner v. United

States Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. , No. 94-6202, 1995 WL 339402, at **4

(10th Cir. June 7, 1995). We will now follow it in this case as well.
1 The Listings related to IQ require the Commissioner to look at the lowest

valid IQ score. See Hinkle v. Apfel , 132 F.3d 1349, 1351 (10th Cir. 1997). The

same procedure is followed when assessing severity of the impairment. See

Cockerham , 895 F.2d at 495 n.5.

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In light of Cockerham , the ALJ erred as a matter of law in deciding that

appellant’s low IQ scores (the lowest of which was only 76) 1

 did not constitute

a severe impairment and did not warrant consideration in determining what work

he could do. For this reason, we must reverse the district court’s decision in part

and remand for the limited purpose of having the ALJ conduct further analysis of

the effect of appellant’s IQ scores on his RFC and his ability to perform work in

the national economy.

The judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District

of Oklahoma is AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED

for further proceedings in accordance with this order and judgment.

Entered for the Court

John C. Porfilio

Senior Circuit Judge