U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Agricultural Systems Research: Sidney, MT
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    Careers


        


                    NPARL
                        NPARL
                                    Pest Management Research
                                    Grasshoppers: Their Biology, Identification and Management:Search small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Plains Area Sidney, Montana Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Agricultural Systems Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Sainju, Upendra
  Submitted to: Cover Crops, Cover Crop Managment, A Growers Handbook
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/31/2008
                                    Publication  Date: 7/1/2009
                                    Citation: Sainju, U.M. 2009. Bicultural legume-cereal cover crops for sustaining crop yields and improving soil and environmental quality. Cover Crops, Cover Crop Managment, A Growers Handbook. In: T.L. Latos Cover Crop and Crop Yields. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers. p. 113-147.Interpretive Summary: Cover crops, usually grown after the harvest of main crops in the fall to provide vegetative cover for reducing soil erosion, have many benefits in improving soil and environmental quality, besides sustaining crop yields. Cover crops use residual soil N and reduce NO3-N content in the soil profile, thereby decreasing the potential for N leaching. Cover crops supply additional biomass residue to soil, increase organic matter, improve soil properties, and sequester atmospheric CO2, thereby reducing the potential for global warming. Legume cover crops fix N from the atmosphere and supply N to the succeeding crops, thereby reducing the rate of N fertilization. As a result, they increase succeeding crop yields and quality compared with nonlegume or no cover crops. In contrast, nonlegume cover crops are effective in increasing soil organic matter and reducing N leaching compared with legume or no cover crops. Ideal cover crops that provide all these benefits, i.e. to supply N, increase soil organic matter, maintain crop yields, and reduce residual soil N are needed to sustain crops yields and improve soil and environmental quality.

	Bicultural legume-cereal cover crop combination is one of those cover crops that can provide most of these benefits. Studies have shown that biculture of legume, such as hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and nonlegume, such as cereal rye (Secaele cereale L.) can coexist together, thereby supplying increased above- and belowground biomass and C and N contents, which increased soil organic matter and C and N sequestration compared with monoculture cover crops. The hairy vetch + rye biculture reduced residual soil profile NO3-N and sustained N supply and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields and N uptake compared with hairy vetch alone. This review will evaluate the performance of legume-cereal (hairy vetch + rye) bicultural cover crops, their above- and belowground biomass yields and C and N contents, and their effects on soil C and N levels and crop yields compared with monocultures (hairy vetch or rye) or the no cover crop treatment.
                                Technical Abstract: Cover crops, usually grown after the harvest of main crops in the fall to provide vegetative cover for reducing soil erosion, have many benefits in improving soil and environmental quality, besides sustaining crop yields. Cover crops use residual soil N and reduce NO3-N content in the soil profile, thereby decreasing the potential for N leaching. Cover crops supply additional biomass residue to soil, increase organic matter, improve soil properties, and sequester atmospheric CO2, thereby reducing the potential for global warming. Legume cover crops fix N from the atmosphere and supply N to the succeeding crops, thereby reducing the rate of N fertilization. As a result, they increase succeeding crop yields and quality compared with nonlegume or no cover crops. In contrast, nonlegume cover crops are effective in increasing soil organic matter and reducing N leaching compared with legume or no cover crops. Ideal cover crops that provide all these benefits, i.e. to supply N, increase soil organic matter, maintain crop yields, and reduce residual soil N are needed to sustain crops yields and improve soil and environmental quality.

	Bicultural legume-cereal cover crop combination is one of those cover crops that can provide most of these benefits. Studies have shown that biculture of legume, such as hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and nonlegume, such as cereal rye (Secaele cereale L.) can coexist together, thereby supplying increased above- and belowground biomass and C and N contents, which increased soil organic matter and C and N sequestration compared with monoculture cover crops. The hairy vetch + rye biculture reduced residual soil profile NO3-N and sustained N supply and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields and N uptake compared with hairy vetch alone. This review will evaluate the performance of legume-cereal (hairy vetch + rye) bicultural cover crops, their above- and belowground biomass yields and C and N contents, and their effects on soil C and N levels and crop yields compared with monocultures (hairy vetch or rye) or the no cover crop treatment.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov