N85 W12545 Westbrook Crossing • Menomonee Falls, WI 53051

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

October 5, 2018 

Submitted via regulations.gov

Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer

U.S. Trade Representative

Office of the U.S. Trade Representative

600 17th Street NW

Washington, DC 20508

RE: Request To Consider Requests for Exclusion of Particular Products from the 

Determination of Action Pursuant to Section 301: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices 

Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation (USTR-2018-0025)

Dear Ambassador Lighthizer:

ECM Industries LLC (“ECM”) hereby submits this request to exclude items under the 

Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (“HTS”) subheading 8536.50.9040 from the 

additional ad valorem duty of 25 percent on approximately $34 billion worth of Chinese 

imports.121

ECM is a small business with a long history of manufacturing and supplying electrical 

components and products for the construction, industrial power, and transportation markets. We 

are headquartered in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, and have a global presence with six locations 

across the U.S., Mexico, and China. Our legacy dates back to 1959 with the founding of Gardner 

Bender, one of our leading brands. Since then, we have built a world-class organization.

ECM employs 350 employees worldwide, of which 320 are based in the U.S. Our company is 

one of the U.S.’s preeminent suppliers of innovative and niche electrical products and systems 

and we are dedicated to providing our customers with solutions for their electrical applications. 

From lighting a commercial building to remodeling a home to providing the electrical 

connections that stand up to the harshest outdoor environments, the brands of ECM Industries 

provide the right solution for the most demanding applications.

 

121 Notice of Action and Request for Public Comment Concerning Proposed Determination of Action Pursuant to\

Section 301: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and 

Innovation, 83 Fed. Reg. 28710 (Jun. 20, 2018). 
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CLXI. Product Description

We request that USTR exclude the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle 

Switch that is imported under HTS subheading 8536.50.9040. 

Item: #GSW-126, Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch

HTS subheading: 8536.50.9040

Item Description: Electrical toggle switch, made of plastic and metal components. Toggle 

attached to enclosed electric switch, where the toggle is used to operate the switch.

Material(s): Made of Plastic and metal components

Item Size (inches H x W x D): 6.6x3.3x5.4

Item Weight (ounces): 9.60

CLXII. ECM Cannot Source the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring 

Toggle Switch From Countries Outside Of China. 

The Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch and comparable products are 

not available in the U.S. or countries outside of China. While we have explored the possibility of 

sourcing these products from other countries, there are no alternative manufacturers of the

Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch. 

Shifting to a non-Chinese source for the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle 

Switch is not a viable option at this time. Global supply chains are extremely complex and it can 

take years to find the right partners who can meet the proper criteria and our produce the Double 

Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch at the scale and cost that is needed. The 

Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch is designed and packaged to our 

unique specifications and we have been working with our Chinese vendors for over 20 years to 

ensure that the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch meets the high 

quality standards we expect. We have invested millions of dollars in tooling, training, and

employ nearly 20 people in Shanghai who oversee and manage our supplier base. It is nearly 

impossible for us to develop similar relationships and supply chains in the near term to make this 

product.

We have explored the possibility of sourcing the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring 

Toggle Switch from other countries. This is extremely impractical given the prohibitive cost 

disadvantages of other countries such as labor and raw material costs. Several of our Chinese 

suppliers have even looked to move their factories to countries outside of China to remain in 

business and continue to support customers such as us. However, this relocation will not happen 

in the near term to help provide tariff relief. 

Additionally, there are few viable U.S.-based sources that manufacture the Double Pull, Double 

Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch. We believe that developing the necessary 

manufacturing capacity within America is technically and economically infeasible in the short 

term to meet our customers’ demand requirements. Based on our understanding, the U.S. 

suppliers of Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch also import products 

or components from Chinese suppliers and then add some limited value through additional 
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manufacturing here in the U.S. Because of this Chinese reliance, these suppliers have already 

demanded 25 percent price increase for this product. Because of this we have already run into 

difficulties on guaranteeing supply on the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring 

Toggle Switch. 

CLXIII. The Imposition of this Duty on the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On 

O-Ring Toggle Switch Has a Significant Impact on ECM’s Business, Resulting in 

a Significant Profit Loss and Reduction of ECM’s Workforce. 

As you can tell from the below information, we import a significant amount of the Double Pull, 

Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch from China and imposition of this duty will 

negatively impact our business. 

Year Value (dollars) Quantity

2015 [ [

2016 [ [

2017 [ [

The Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch is already subject to a heavy 

duty. The proposed duty on the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch 

would cost ECM thousands of dollars in increased duties. The cumulative impact of the list 1 

Section 301 tariffs would cost ECM millions of dollars in increased duties. These additional 

unexpected costs for our small business are layered on top of the detrimental impacts from the 

Section 301 tariffs imposed on our products on lists 1 and 2 and those proposed for list 3 that 

total over $5.9 million. Overall, these tariffs cripple ECM, forcing ECM to reduce its workforce 

in the U.S. to afford these tariffs. 

Additionally, applying this tariff on the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle 

Switch will have a significant impact on ECM’s customers. ECM has thousands of customers, 

with more than 95 percent based in the U.S. Our customers are predominantly U.S. distributors, 

retailers, and manufacturers that distribute or use our products in electrical construction, 

maintenance, and repair applications. Because of the competitive nature of our business, and the 

fact we deal with many power buyers such as big box stores, we cannot recover the costs of the 

tariff on Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch by passing it along to 

our customers as they are extremely price sensitive and will look for an alternative supplier. 

Imposing this tariff on our product would cause substantial downstream injury to those industries 

as well, which would eventually trickle down to the U.S. consumer. 

This ad valorem tariff on the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch 

places our company between a rock and a hard place. If we try and pass the full amount of the 

duty on to our customers, we run the risk of losing our contracts with major customers, and with 

that millions of dollars of sales and profits. The alternative is not a good one, and that means 

reducing our workforce in the U.S. in order to absorb the costs of this tariff. We have been a 

healthy and growing business and have not laid anyone off in over five years; in fact we have 

been hiring. As of July 6, 2018, we have implemented a hiring freeze and are only replacing 

critical positions as a result of attrition. Because of the cumulative impact of these tariffs, we 
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will be forced to reduce our headcount by 50 to 60 people in order to offset the costs to our 

bottom line. 

When the tariff on Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch can be passed 

on, we expect most of the impact will be felt by consumers and contractors who buy and use 

GSW-126 in electrical installation and repair and remodel projects, which will ultimately have an 

impact on the cost of construction projects. In fact, a significant portion of the product is 

purchased by consumers directly at most leading retailers and hardware chains across the 

country.

Instead of impacting China’s manufacturing industry, the tariff on the Double Pull, Double 

Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch will significantly harm ECM and our customers here 

in the U.S.

CLXIV. Imposing the Ad Valorem Tariff under Section 301 on the Double Pull, 

Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch Will Not Be Effective in 

Eliminating China’s Predatory Acts. 

USTR’s Section 301 report found that various policies and practices of the Chinese government 

are designed to promote Chinese companies as leaders in supplying certain advanced 

technologies around the world and to reduce imports of these technologies that Chinese 

industries rely upon. According to USTR and the White House’s Office of Trade and 

Manufacturing policy, China has participated in physical and cyber-enabled theft of 

technologies, required technology transfer for market access, and investment restrictions, among 

other coercive and intrusive restrictions that harm American intellectual property rights, 

innovation, and technology development.122

According to the various Section 301 reports, the technologies that China targets through its 

policies are advanced technologies in the following industries: (1) advanced information 

technology; (2) robotics and automated machine tools; (3) aircraft and aircraft components; (4) 

maritime vessels and marine engineering equipment; (5) advanced rail equipment; (6) new 

energy vehicles; (7) electrical generation and transmission equipment; (8) agricultural machinery 

and equipment; (9) new materials; and (10) pharmaceuticals and advanced medical devices.123

Notably, the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch and its manufacture 

are not among the list of advanced technologies or industries that are targeted by the Chinese 

government policies.

The Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch has been on the market for 

many years and does not contain sensitive technology or intellectual property that is the target of 

China’s practices. In fact, ECM has been sourcing the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On 

 

122 USTR, Findings of the Investigation Into China’s Acts, Policies, And Practices Related to Technology Transfer, 

Intellectual Property, and Innovation Under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 1–2 (Mar. 22, 2018) [hereinafter 

Section 301 Findings]; Office of Trace and Manufacturing Policy, Executive Office of the President, How China’s 

Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and World (Jun. 

2018) [hereinafter China’s Economic Aggression].

123 Section 301 Findings, at 14. 
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O-Ring Toggle Switch from China since the 1990’s and has not experienced these challenges. 

To the contrary, ECM has enjoyed a constructive relationship with its Chinese suppliers and has 

not encountered any of the intellectual property theft, cyber theft, or other technology-related 

compilations that advanced technology industries have faced. 

In sum, our importation of the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch

from China is not linked to any purportedly unfair practices. Imposing punitive tariffs on our 

imports would only harm our small business and the U.S. customers we serve without advancing 

the stated objectives of the Section 301 proceeding.

* * *

ECM appreciates the opportunity to request this exemption from the Section 301 tariffs. While 

we understand and support the motivation for fair trade policies and a level playing field, we 

respectfully request that the Double Pull, Double Throw On-Off-On O-Ring Toggle Switch

imported from China under HTS subheading 8536.50.9040 be exempt from the additional 25 

percent ad valorem duty because it will not accomplish the desired purpose and will have a 

significant detrimental impact on ECM, the businesses we supply, and U.S. consumers.

Respectfully submitted, 

David Scheer

Chief Executive Officer

ECM Industries LLC