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Title:   Author  item
                                            SAKALIENE, ONA - LITHUANIAN DEPT. OF AGRICitem
                                            Schneider, Sharonitem
                                            Koskinen, Williamitem
                                            Spokas, Kurt
  Submitted to: Journal of Environmental Science and Health
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/3/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 8/14/2007
                                    Citation: Sakaliene, O., Papiernik, S.K., Koskinen, W.C., Spokas, K.A. 2007. Sorption and predicted mobility of herbicides in Baltic soils. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B. 42:641-647.Interpretive Summary: Determination of pesticide sorption under local conditions is required to predict off-site transport. Recent surveys detected pesticides in surface water and groundwater of the Baltic region, but there is little information in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the fate of pesticides in Baltic soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the sorption of eight herbicides (alachlor, amitrole, atrazine, dicamba, imazamox, imazethapyr, pendimethalin, and simazine) to seven agricultural soils of Lithuania. This information was used to estimate the predicted mobility of these herbicides in these soils to indicate the potential for these herbicides to move from the site of application to surface water and groundwater. Only one of the herbicides was predicted to be mobile in all seven soils. Herbicide management is important to the continued increase in agricultural production and profitability in the Baltic region. These results will be useful in identifying critical areas requiring improved management practices to reduce water contamination by pesticides.
                                Technical Abstract: Determination of pesticide sorption under local conditions is required to predict off-site transport. Recent surveys detected pesticides in surface water and groundwater of the Baltic region, but there is little information in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the fate of pesticides in Baltic soils. This study was conducted to evaluate the sorption of eight herbicides (alachlor, amitrole, atrazine, dicamba, imazamox, imazethapyr, pendimethalin, and simazine) to seven agricultural soils of Lithuania. Soil-water partitioning coefficients were measured in batch equilibrium studies using radiolabeled herbicides. In most soils, sorption followed the general trend: pendimethalin>alachlor>atrazine~amitrole~simazine>imazethapyr> imazamox>dicamba which is consistent with the trends in hydrophobicity (log Kow) except in the case of amitrole. Preliminary retardation factors calculated for each herbicide-soil combination indicated that these seven herbicides were predicted to be most susceptible to leaching in soils of intermediate organic carbon content and sand content. Based on estimated retardation factors, pendimethalin was predicted to be very immobile in all soils, and dicamba was classified as mobile in all soils. In most soils, alachlor was predicted to be very immobile; amitrole, atrazine, simazine, and imazethapyr were classified as moderately immobile; and imazamox ranged from moderately immobile to mobile. Herbicide management is important to the continued increase in agricultural production and profitability in the Baltic region. These results will be useful in identifying critical areas requiring improved management practices to reduce water contamination by pesticides.


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