P u r s u a n t t o 5 t h Cir . R. 47. 5, t h e courtha s det erm i n ed that th i s opi n i on * shou l d n otbe pu bl i shedan d i s not preceden texcept u n der t h e li m i t ed c i r c um st ance s se tf

or t h i n 5t h C i r . R . 47. 5. 4. 

### INTHE UNITED S TATESCOU RT OFAPPEALS

FORTHEFIFTH CIRCUIT

N o. 08- 20316 Su m m ar y Cal endar UN I TE D S TA TE S OF AM ERI CA, P l ai n t if f
- A pp el l ee v. US M AN BA NKOL E S ANNI
- S HI T T U, D efen d a n t- A p p ell a n t.

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rom t h e U n i t ed S t ates D i st ri ctC ou rt f ort he Sout her n D i str i c tof Texas U S D C N o . 4 :07 -C R -3 7 1 -2 B ef oreH IG G IN B O T H AM , B A R K S D A L E , an d E L R O D , C i rcui tJu dg es. P E R C U R IAM: * Proc ee di ng pr o s e w i t h st andby c o un s e l , Us m a n Ban ko l e Sanni
- Sh i t t u w as c o n v i c t e di nabe n c h tr i a lo f c o n s p i r a c y , 1 8 U. S . C. § 3 7 1 ; mailf r a u d , 1 8 U. S . C. §§ 1341 and 2; bank f r aud, 18 U . S. C . §§ 1344 and 2; pos se ss i on o f s t ol en m ail , 18 U . S. C . §§ 1708 and 2; and aggr avat ed i dent i t y thef t , 18 U . S. C . §§ 1028A and 2. T h e d i stri ct cou rt sen ten cedS a n n i -Sh ittu to an 84 -m on thterm of i m p ri son m en t. S an n i
- S h i t t u app eal s hi s c on vi ct i onan d sen t en ce. United States Court of App eals Fifth Circuit 

### F I LE D Aug ust21, 2009 Cha rl es R. F ulb ru g e II I ClerkN o. 08- 20316

2 S an n i
- S h i t t u asser t s th at e v id en ce s ei zed du ri n g a consen sua lsearc h of an ap ar t m e ntheo c c upi e d a nd s t at e m e nt s hem ad e t o a ut ho r i t i e s duri ng t he s e a r c h s h o u ldh a v e b e e ns u p p r e s s e db e c a u s e h is co n s e n t to th e s e a r c h a n dh is st at em ent s w er e i nvol untary. Sann i
- Sh i t t u ar gues f orthe f i r stt i m e o n appeal th a t h e s ig n e dth e co n s e n t fo r m s a t g u n p o in t a n din fe a ro f h is life a n dth a t h is st atem en t s w ere m ad e u n der si m il ar d u ress . H e furt h er argues t h at he w as not t he l e s s o r o f t h e a p a r t m e n t ; t h e a b s e n c e o f a wa r r a n t wa s u n r e a s o n a b l e ; t he m an ager of

t h e apa rt m en tcom pl ex t h ou gh tt h e of f i cers ha d a w arran t ; an d there w e r e n o e x ig e n t c ir c u m s ta n c e s ju s tify in gaw a r r a n tle s s s e a r c h . F ol l ow i n g a h eari n g, t h e di st ri ctcourtf ou n d that Sa n n i
- S h i t t u consented to th e s e a r c h a n dth a t h is s ta te m e n ts w e r e m a d e v o lu n ta r ily . W h e th e rS a n n iS h i t t u ’ s fai l u re t o argu e in the t ri alcou rttha th i s con sent an d st atem en t s w ere o b ta in e d a t g u n p o in t w a iv e dth e is s u e , s e eUni t e d St at e sv . Po pe , 467 F. 3d 912, 9 1 7 -2 0 (5 th C ir . 2 0 0 6 ), o rw h e th e rth ecla im is re v ie w e dfo rp la ine r r o r , see Un ite dS ta te sv . B a k e r, 5 3 8 F .3 d3 2 4 , 3 2 8 -2 9 ( 5 th C ir . 2 0 0 8 ), cer t . den i ed , 1 29 S. Ct . 9 62 (2009), Sa n n i
- S h i t t u ha s fai l ed to rebu tt h e di st ri ctcourt ’ s det erm i n ati on t hathe c ons ent ed t o the s ea rch and hi s st at em ent s w er e m ade v oluntar i ly. C on sequ en t ly, w e f i n d i tun n ecess ar yt o add ress Sa n n i
- S h i t t u ’ s oth er sup pressi onargu m en t s. S an n i
- S h i t t u argu es th at hi s arr estw as not supp ort ed byprobab l e cause. W i th ou t citi n g lega lau th ority or ev i d en ce to su p p ort th e a rg u m en t, h e a sse rts t h at an i n vest i gati onof com pu t er andt el eph on e re co rd s th at all eged ly l ed aut hor i t i es t o a c om put er l oc at ed i n t he apart m entt hathe o c c upi ed w as a s ham and t ha t he was a r r e s t e d s i m p ly b e c a us e he i s N i g e r i a n. W e c o nc l ud e t hat S a n n i-S h itt u h a s w a iv e dth is is s u e b yfa ilin gto b r ie f it a d e q u a te ly . S ee Y oh ey v . Col l i ns , 9 8 5 F .2d2 2 2 , 2 2 4 -2 5 (5t h C ir. 1 9 9 3 ); s e eals o Uni t e d S t at e sv. T o m b lin , 46 F. 3d 1369, 1376 n. 13 ( 5t h C i r. 1 9 95) . Sanni
- Sh i t t u co nt ends t hat hi s a r r e s tl ac ke d p r o babl e c aus e b e c aus e o f f i c e r s ha d noe vi de nc e t hathe com m i t t ed a cri m e w h ent h ey en t ered t h e apa rt m en t . H i s c on t en t i oni gn oresN o. 08- 20316

3 evi den ce th at i n t ernet t racki n g i n di cat ed th a t a com pu t er used to open f rau du l en tban k accou n t s w as l ocat ed i n t h e apa rt m en the occup i ed; t h e di st ri ct c our t ’ s f

i ndi ng t hathe v oluntarily c ons ent ed t o the sear c h and gave i nc r i m i nati ng s t at e m e nt s t o o f f i c e r s ; and e vi de nc e t hat Sanni
- Shit t u w as not ar r e s t e d un t ila f

t e rt he c o ns e ns uals e ar c h r e ve al e d i nc r i m i nati n g i t e m s i n t he a p a r tm e n t. T h e a r r e s t w a s s u p p o r te db yp r o b a b le ca u s e . Uni t e d S t at e sv. W ad ley , 5 9 F .3d5 1 0 , 5 1 2 (5t h C ir. 1 9 9 5 ). S an n i
- S h i t t u urges t h at hi s r i gh t s un der t h e Sixth A m en dm en tw ere vi o l at e d b e c aus e hew as de ni e d the r i ghtt o f ir e hi s a ppo i nt e d a t t o r ne y and p roce edw i threta in edcou n sel of h i s ch oice. H e a rg u es th a t his de ci sionto rep rese n t him self

w a s n ot in form edan dvo l u n taryan dtha t he w a s f orce di n to t he dec i si on be c auset he t r i alc our tw oul d notall ow hi m to b e re pre se nt ed by c ounse lof

hi s c hoi c e. Af

t err evi ew i ng t he e xte nsive di str i c tc our tpr oc ee di ngs c o n c e r n in gS a n n i- S h it t u ’s r e p r e s e n t a t io n , w e f in dn o v io la t io n o f S a n n i- S h it t u ’s r ig h ts u n d e rth e S ix th A m e n d m e n t. Se e Uni t e d St at e sv . Jo s e ph , 333 F. 3d 587, 5 8 9 -9 0 (5 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ); Un itedS ta tes v. D a v is , 2 6 9 F .3d 5 1 4 , 5 1 8 (5t h C ir. 2 0 0 1 ). W e r ej ec tSann i
- Sh i t t u’ s c hal l enge t o the s uf f i c i enc y o f

t he e vi denc e that h e parti ci pa t ed i na conspir acy. T h e recor d evi den ce sup ports t h e convic t i on of c o n s p ir a c y . Se eUni t e d St at e sv . Se r na- Vi l lar re al , 352 F . 3d225 , 234 (5 th C i r. 200 3) . W e do n otadd ress Sa n n i
- S h ittu ’ s argum en t s c on cerni n g h i s s en t en ce bec ausehe has notpr ovi ded a r ec or d of t he s ent enc i ng hear i ng orof fer ed an e x p la n a t i o n fo rth is o m is s io nfr o m th e re c o r d . Un i t ed S t ate s v. Hi n oj osa , 958 F .2d6 2 4 , 6 3 2 (5t h C ir. 1 9 9 2 ). AF F I RMED.