Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this 

Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as 

precedent or cited before any court except for 

the purpose of establishing the defense of res 

judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the 

case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

DARREN BEDWELL ANNA OBERGFELL

Marion County Public Defender Wishard Health Services

Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN THE MATTER OF THE CIVIL )

COMMITMENT OF: F.L., )

)

Appellant-Respondent, )

)

vs. ) No. 49A02-1202-MH-130

)

WISHARD HEALTH SERVICES, MIDTOWN )

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTER, )

)

Appellee-Petitioner. )

APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT

The Honorable Gerald S. Zore, Judge

Cause No. 49D08-0411-MH-1286 

October 1, 2012

MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BARTEAU, Senior Judge
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STATEMENT OF THE CASE

F.L. appeals an order of civil commitment requiring him to receive outpatient 

treatment from Wishard Health Services, Midtown Community Mental Health Center

(“Wishard”). We affirm. 

ISSUE

F.L. raises one issue, which we restate as: whether the trial court’s order is 

supported by sufficient evidence.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

F.L. has been diagnosed with chronic schizoaffective disorder and alcohol 

dependence. He lives in subsidized housing and receives disability payments. For the 

past three years, F.L. has been the subject of an ongoing order of civil commitment, 

pursuant to which he has received outpatient psychiatric services from Dr. Thota Rao, a 

Wishard employee. F.L. rejects his psychiatric diagnoses, telling Rao that “nothing is 

wrong with him” and that he has the “right to drink alcohol.” Tr. p. 13. F.L. frequently 

refuses to take his prescribed medications, and Rao characterizes him as having “no 

insight into his illness.” Id. at 12.

On December 7, 2011, F.L., by counsel, filed a request for a hearing on his 

ongoing civil commitment. The trial court held an evidentiary hearing, during which Rao 

requested an extension of F.L.’s civil commitment, asserting that F.L. needed ongoing

outpatient psychiatric services. He proposed to give F.L. a different drug for his 

schizoaffective disorder and a new medication to address F.L.’s alcohol dependency. 

The trial court issued an order determining that F.L.: (1) is mentally ill; (2) is a danger to
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others and is gravely disabled; and (3) is in need of continued outpatient care from 

Wishard. The trial court ordered Wishard to file a report on January 24, 2013. This 

appeal followed. 

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

In civil commitment proceedings, a petitioner must prove by clear and convincing 

evidence that the individual is mentally ill and either dangerous or gravely disabled, and 

that commitment of that individual is appropriate. Ind. Code § 12-26-2-5(e) (2007). 

When reviewing an order of involuntary civil commitment, we look only to the evidence 

and reasonable inferences therefrom most favorable to the trial court’s judgment. In re 

Involuntary Commitment of A.M., 959 N.E.2d 832, 834-35 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). We may 

not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of witnesses. Id. at 835. 

Here, F.L. does not dispute for purposes of this appeal that he is mentally ill. 

Instead, he challenges the trial court’s determinations that he is gravely disabled and 

dangerous to others. The term “gravely disabled” is defined by statute as follows:

“Gravely disabled,” for purposes of IC 12-26, means a condition in which 

an individual, as a result of mental illness, is in danger of coming to harm 

because the individual:

(1) is unable to provide for that individual’s food, clothing, shelter, 

or other essential human needs; or

(2) has a substantial impairment or an obvious deterioration of that 

individual’s judgment, reasoning, or behavior that results in the 

individual’s inability to function independently.

Ind. Code § 12-7-2-96 (1992).
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In this case, as noted above, F.L. rejects his diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder 

and alcohol dependency, and he has little insight into his mental illness. Rao noted that 

F.L. was “not taking care of himself” in the year prior to the hearing in this case. Tr. p.

14. F.L. drank alcohol almost every day and did not take his medication. Furthermore, 

F.L. wore the same clothes repeatedly and frequently did not take showers. With respect 

to meals, F.L. had no food in the apartment, and F.L. told Rao he occasionally swapped

alcohol for canned tuna. F.L. was admitted to Wishard Hospital for malnutrition during 

the year prior to the hearing.

As for overall physical health, on several occasions F.L. refused to go to the 

hospital when his liver enzymes were elevated, indicating his health was at risk. Even 

more disturbing, on January 15, 2012, Rao and several medical students visited F.L. and 

noted that he had an infection on his arm. The infected area was red and leaking fluid, 

and dead skin was scattered on the floor. Nevertheless, F.L. refused to go to the hospital. 

The next day, Wishard staff convinced him to go see a nurse practitioner, and the nurse 

stated that she had never seen such a serious infection before. 

Rao also noted that F.L.’s mental condition had been “deteriorating.” Id. at 21. 

During the January 15, 2012 apartment visit, when Rao suggested taking F.L. to the 

hospital to treat the infection, F.L. became agitated and got “up [in Rao’s] face.” Id. at 8. 

Rao became scared at that point. Rao also noted that F.L. has become more agitated and 

paranoid due to his failure to take medication. The police were called to F.L.’s apartment 

several times in 2011. 
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Thus, F.L. is unable to adequately feed himself or to address his serious medical 

conditions when he does not take his medication. He also has difficulty interacting with 

others and behaves in an agitated manner that has resulted in intervention by law 

enforcement. This evidence amply demonstrates that F.L. has a substantial impairment 

or an obvious deterioration of his judgment, reasoning, and behavior that has resulted in 

an inability to function independently. See A.M., 959 N.E.2d at 836 (determining that the 

evidence supported the trial court’s determination of grave disability where the patient 

denied any mental illness and refused to take her medications, and as a result engaged in 

agitated and aggressive behavior); In re Commitment of A.W.D., 861 N.E.2d 1260, 1265 

(Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (affirming a determination of grave disability where the person’s 

mental illness rendered him incapable of addressing his other medical conditions), trans. 

denied. This evidence is sufficient to establish that F.L. meets the definition of being 

gravely disabled. See Ind. Code § 12-7-2-96.

F.L. points to evidence that he lives in his own apartment and can pay his bills as 

proof that he is not gravely disabled. This is a request to reweigh the evidence, which we 

cannot do. F.L. also cites to In re Commitment of Steinberg, 821 N.E.2d 385 (Ind. Ct. 

App. 2004), but that case is distinguishable. In Steinberg, a panel of this Court reversed 

the trial court’s determination that Steinberg was gravely disabled, noting that no 

evidence was presented at the hearing to prove that he “was unable to provide for his 

essential human needs or that he was unable to function independently.” Id. at 389. By 

contrast, in the current case Wishard presented extensive evidence that F.L.’s untreated 

mental illness renders him unable to function independently. 
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Finally, Indiana Code section 12-26-2-5(e) provides that a petitioner must prove 

that an individual is dangerous or gravely disabled. Because the statute is written in the 

disjunctive, and there is sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s finding of grave 

disability, we do not need to address whether F.L. is dangerous to others. There is thus

sufficient evidence to sustain the trial court’s judgment. 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Affirmed.

FRIEDLANDER, J., and VAIDIK, J., concur.