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Title:   Author  item
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            McReynolds, Jacksonitem
                                            Harvey, Rogeritem
                                            Byrd Ii, James

                                                         - *Allen*item
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Asociacion Nacional De Especialistas En Ciencas
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/20/2005
                                    Publication  Date: 4/27/2005
                                    Citation: Anderson, R.C., Callaway, T.R., Genovese, K.J., Edrington, T.S., McReynolds, J.L., Harvey, R.B., Byrd II, J.A., Nisbet, D.J. 2005. Chlorate salts and oxidized nitrogen compounds as feed supplements; their bactericidal effects on foodborne pathogens and application in pre-harvest food safety. In: Proceedings of the XXX Convencion Anual de ANECA, April 27-30, 2005, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. 2005 CDROM.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are important pathogenic bacteria that can colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of food producing animals. Like most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, these bacteria possess respiratory nitrate reductase activity which by coincidence also catalyzes the intracellular reduction of the chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite. Because most beneficial gut bacteria lack this enzyme, we hypothesized and have subsequently proven that an experimental product containing chlorate (ECP) selectively kills Salmonella and Escherichia coli while not harming beneficial gut bacteria.  More recently, select nitroalkanes have been investigated as potential feed additives and found to significantly kill certain foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Listeria and Yersinia. Evidence indicates; however, that they may most effectively be used to complement the bactericidal activity of chlorate.  A particular attractive aspect of the nitrocompound technology is that they are potent inhibitors of enteric methanogenesis and thus have the potential to reduce economic and environmental costs associated with this biological process.  Presently, neither chlorate nor the nitrocompounds have been approved as feed additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and they therefore are not yet available for commercial use.


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