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Title:   Author  item
                                            OLSON, ERIK - U MINNESOTA ST. PAULitem
                                            WUNSCHNANN, ARNO - U MINNESOTA ST. PAULitem
                                            Dubey, Jitender
  Submitted to: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/1/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 10/1/2007
                                    Citation: Olson, E.J., Wunschnann, A., Dubey, J.P. 2007. Sarcocystis-associated meningoencephalitis in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 19:564-568.Interpretive Summary: Sarcocystis species are single celled parasites that cause illness in humans and livestock. Humans can become infected with this parasite by ingesting  infected pork and beef. Cattle and pigs can become infected by ingesting food and water contaminated with the  resistant parasite stages  excreted in feces of infected humans.Many species of Sacrcocystis are pathogenic to animals.

Scientists at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center  and    University  of Minnesotta report  diagnosis of a  previously unrecognized species os Sarcocystis  in a  bald eagle.The results will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists,  public health workers,and veterinarians.
                                Technical Abstract: Protozoal meningoencephalitis is rare in raptors.  An adult female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) with progressive neurological signs was euthanized after several months of treatment.  The predominant histological lesion was lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic meningoencephalitis involving the cerebrum and cerebellum.  In addition, there was a marked segmental loss of granular cells and Purkinje cells as well as segmental atrophy of the molecular layer in the cerebellum.  Protozoal merozoites and schizonts were observed in the gray matter of the cerebellum.  Ultrastructurally, the merozoites were classified as a species of Sarcocystis due to the lack of rhoptries.  Immunohistochemistry revealed positive reaction ( change throughout—it is not a stain)for Sarcosytis neurona, and the examined sections were negative for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum.  Sarcocystis neurona-like infection may be considered as a differential diagnosis in bald eagles with chronic neurological disease.


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