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Title:   Author  item
                                            Bonman, Johnitem
                                            Bockelman, Harolditem
                                            Goates, Blairitem
                                            Obert, Donalditem
                                            MCGUIRE, PATRICK - UNIV OF CA, DAVIS, CAitem
                                            QUALSET, CALVIN - UNIV OF CA, DAVIS, CAitem
                                            HIJMANS, ROBERT - INTL RICE INST, MANILA
  Submitted to: Crop Science
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 2/13/2006
                                    Publication  Date: 5/18/2006
                                    Citation: Bonman, J.M., Bockelman, H.E., Goates, B., Obert, D.E., Mcguire, P.E., Qualset, C.O., Hijmans, R.J. 2006. Geographic distribution of common and dwarf bunt resistance in landraces of triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum  . Crop Science.Interpretive Summary: Landrace accessions of cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) (TAA) from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been tested systematically for the past 25 years for disease resistance. We analyzed the resistance of 10759 TAA accessions to common bunt (CB), caused by Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and T. laevis Kühn, and 8167 for dwarf bunt (DB), caused by T. controversa Kühn with respect to (i) geographic origin, (ii) relationship to color of awn, glume, and kernel of accessions, and (iii) phenotypic variation within areas of high incidence of resistance. A clear “center of concentration” was evident for CB resistance extending from Serbia and Montenegro through Macedonia, Turkey, and Iran with the highest incidence of resistance occurring in Kosovo province in Serbia and Montenegro (36%) and Bakhtaran province in Iran (40.8%). Compared to CB resistance (5.5% of total tested), DB resistance was more rare (1.3% of total tested). DB resistance was concentrated in accessions from Iran, Turkey, and Serbia and Montenegro with the highest incidence of resistance (58%) occurring in Hakkari province in southeastern Turkey.  CB resistance was positively associated with lightly pigmented kernels and negatively associated with lightly pigmented awns and glumes, whereas relatively little association was evident between these traits and DB resistance. Analysis of accessions from areas with unusually high incidence of resistance suggested that DB resistant accessions from Hakkari are genetically diverse, whereas CB resistant accessions from Bakhtaran may be much less so.
                                Technical Abstract: Landrace accessions of cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) (TAA) from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been tested systematically for the past 25 years for disease resistance. We analyzed the resistance of 10759 TAA accessions to common bunt (CB), caused by Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and T. laevis Kühn, and 8167 for dwarf bunt (DB), caused by T. controversa Kühn with respect to (i) geographic origin, (ii) relationship to color of awn, glume, and kernel of accessions, and (iii) phenotypic variation within areas of high incidence of resistance. A clear “center of concentration” was evident for CB resistance extending from Serbia and Montenegro through Macedonia, Turkey, and Iran with the highest incidence of resistance occurring in Kosovo province in Serbia and Montenegro (36%) and Bakhtaran province in Iran (40.8%). Compared to CB resistance (5.5% of total tested), DB resistance was more rare (1.3% of total tested). DB resistance was concentrated in accessions from Iran, Turkey, and Serbia and Montenegro with the highest incidence of resistance (58%) occurring in Hakkari province in southeastern Turkey.  CB resistance was positively associated with lightly pigmented kernels and negatively associated with lightly pigmented awns and glumes, whereas relatively little association was evident between these traits and DB resistance. Analysis of accessions from areas with unusually high incidence of resistance suggested that DB resistant accessions from Hakkari are genetically diverse, whereas CB resistant accessions from Bakhtaran may be much less so.


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