#### ELLEN HILL and Her Husband, CHARLES W. HILL, v. THE ALBEMARLE FERTILIZER COMPANY, INC., W. S. CARAWAN, THE FEDERAL FARM LOAN BANK OF COLUMBIA, S. C., and W. O. McGIBONEY, Trustee.

(Filed 23 September, 1936.)

1. Mortgages H p—

Mere inadequacy of purchase price, without evidence of fraud, oppression, or unfairness on the part of the trustee or holder of the notes, is insufficient to upset a foreclosure sale had in strict conformity with the power of sale contained in the deed of trust.

2. Mortgages H j—

A *cestui que trust*has the right to buy the property at the foreclosure sale of the deed of trust in the absence of fraud or collusion.

3. Mortgages H p — Trustors renting property after foreclosure sale held estopped from attacking validity of the sale.

The *cestui que trust*bought the property at the "foreclosure sale and thereafter sold same. The trustors, with knowledge of all the facts, surrendered possession to the purchaser, rented a part of the property from him, and stood by without objection while the purchaser expended large sums in improvements on the tract of land. *Held,:*The trustors are estopped from attacking the validity of the foreclosure sale.

4. Appeal and Error J g—

Where it is determined on appeal that plaintiffs were properly non-suited in accordance with the contentions of one defendant, the contentions of other defendants, presented as a further bar of recovery by plaintiffs against them, need not be considered.

*418Appeal by plaintiffs from Small, *J.,*at March Term, 1936, of ChowaN.

Affirmed.

This is an action to have certain deeds and deeds of trust described in the complaint adjudged void and set aside as against the plaintiffs, to the end that the plaintiffs may redeem the land which they had conveyed by a deed of trust to J. H. LeRoy, trustee, to secure their note to the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., and for other relief.

The facts shown by the evidence at the trial are as follows:

On 19 April, 1910, J. C. Meekins, Sr., by a deed which was duly recorded in the office of the register of deeds of Tyrrell County, conveyed to the plaintiff Ellen Hill, wife of the plaintiff Charles W. Hill, a certain tract of land situate in Tyrrell County, containing 480 acres, more or less, and known as the Ben Hassell Farm. The plaintiffs entered into possession of said tract of land, under said deed, and cultivated the same until some time in December, 1931, when they surrendered such possession to the defendant W. S. Carawan.

On 10 March, 1926, the plaintiffs, by a deed of trust which was duly recorded in the office of the register of deeds of Tyrrell County, conveyed the said tract of land to J. H. LeRoy, trustee, for the purpose, as recited in said deed of trust, of securing the payment of their note to the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., in the sum of $1,846.42. The said note was due and payable one year after date, to wit: 10 March, 1927. The consideration of said note was fertilizer sold and delivered by the said Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., to the plaintiffs. The said fertilizer had been used by the plaintiffs in the cultivation of said tract of land. On 4 August, 1928, the plaintiffs paid on said note the sum of $306.24, which was duly credited by the holder of the note. No other or further sum was paid on said note.

On 21 July, 1931, default having been made by the plaintiffs in the payment of said note, J. H. LeRoy, trustee, at the request of the Albe-marle Fertilizer Company, Inc., the holder of said note, after fully complying with all the terms of the power of sale contained in said deed of trust, offered said tract of land for sale to the highest bidder, for cash, at the courthouse dqor in the town of Columbia, in Tyrrell County, when and where the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., was the last and highest bidder in the sum of $1,000.00; the said J. II. LeRoy, trustee, immediately reported said sale to the clerk of the Superior Court of Tyrrell County, who, after the expiration of ten days, confirmed said sale by an order dated 3 August, 1931, and ordered the said J. H. LeRoy, trustee, upon compliance by the Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., with its bid, to execute and deliver to the said Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., a deed conveying the said tract of land to said company in fee. Pursuant to said order, and by virtue of the power of sale con*419tained in said deed of trust, J. H. LeEoy, trustee, by a deed dated 8 August, 1931, and duly recorded in the office of the register of deeds of Tyrrell County, conveyed the said tract of land to the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., in fee simple.

At the date of the execution by the plaintiffs of the deed of trust to J. H. LeEoy, trustee, and at the date of the sale of the tract of land conveyed thereby under the power of sale contained in said deed of trust, J. H. LeEoy was a stockholder of the Albemarle Fertilizer Company, owning not to exceed two shares of its capital stock, and was the manager of the said Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., having charge of its business in Tyrrell County. Prior to advertising the said tract of land for sale under the power of sale contained in said deed of trust, J. H. LeEoy went to the home of the plaintiffs in Tyrrell County, and there notified the plaintiff Charles *W.*Hill that in view of the fact that plaintiffs had not paid taxes on said tract of land due to Tyrrell County, and had permitted Tyrrell County to sell said tract of land for taxes, he would advertise said tract of land for sale as trustee in the deed of trust executed by the plaintiffs. Thereafter, at the request of W. N. Gregory, president of the Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., the said J. H. LeEoy, trustee, duly advertised and sold the said tract of land. After the sale and conveyance of said tract of land, J. II. LeEoy ceased to be manager of the Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., having been discharged as such manager by J. Y. Champion, who had succeeded *~W.*N. Gregory as president of the said company.

On 23 November, 1931, the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., by deed duly recorded in the office of the register of deeds of Tyrrell County, in consideration of the sum of $1,631.03, conveyed the said tract of land to the defendant W. S. Carawan, who immediately went to the home of the plaintiffs in Tyrrell County, and there notified them that he had purchased said tract of land from the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc. In addition to the purchase price which he paid for said tract of land, as recited in his deed, the defendant *~W.*S. Cara-wan paid the taxes due on said tract of land to Tyrrell County for the years 1929, 1930, and 1931, aggregating the sum of $726.01, making the total amount which he paid for said tract of land $2,357.06. Some time during the month of December, 1931, the plaintiffs surrendered possession of said tract of land to the defendant *~W.*S. Carawan, and rented from him a farm on said tract of land, which they cultivated as tenants of the said *W.*S. Carawan during the years 1932 and 1933. Other farms on said tract of land were rented by the said *W.*S. Carawan to other persons, who cultivated the same as his tenants during the years 1932 and 1933.

*420After be took possession of said tract of land under bis deed from tbe defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., on or about 1 January, 1932, and while tbe plaintiffs were in possession of a farm on said tract of land as bis tenants, tbe defendant *~W.*S. Carawan expended a large sum of money, to wit: $3,802.52, in making improvements on said tract of land. He employed tbe plaintiff Charles *W.*Hill to supervise tbe laborers who-made these improvements, and. paid him for bis services. Tbe plaintiff Ellen Hill knew that her husband, Charles W. Hill, bad been employed by tbe defendant to supervise said improvements, and that be was paid by tbe defendant for bis services. She also knew that her husband, Charles *W.*Hill, was paying rent to tbe defendant for tbe farm on said tract of land, which be and she were cultivating during tbe years 1932 and 1933. At no time prior to tbe commencement of this action did tbe plaintiffs, or either of them, make any claim or demand on tbe defendant W. S. Carawan, or tbe defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., with respect to said tract of land.

This action was begun in tbe Superior Court of Tyrrell County, on 24 January, 1934. At April Term, 1935, of said court tbe action was removed from said court to the Superior Court of Chowan County for trial. Thereafter, on 16 May, 1935, tbe Federal Farm Loan Bank of Columbia, S. C., and W. 0. McGiboney, trustee, were duly made parties defendant.

On 19 March, 1934, tbe defendant W. S. Carawan and bis wife, by two deeds of trust, which were duly recorded in *the*office of *the*register of deeds of Tyrrell County, conveyed tbe said tract of land to tbe defendant *W.*0. McGiboney, trustee, to secure tbe payment of their notes aggregating tbe sum of $8,000, jmyable to tbe order of tbe defendant, Tbe Federal Farm Loan Bank of Columbia, S. C. Tbe consideration for said notes was money loaned by tbe defendant, Tbe Federal Farm Loan Bank, to tbe defendant *W.*S. Carawan. Neither of these notes has been paid.

There was conflict in tbe evidence as to tbe value of tbe tract of land at tbe date of tbe sale by J. H. LeRoy, trustee, under tbe power of sale contained in tbe deed of trust to him executed by tbe plaintiffs. Tbe evidence for tbe plaintiffs tended to show that said tract of land at said date was worth from $10,000 to $15,000; tbe evidence for tbe defendants tended to show that said tract of land was worth, at said date, and before tbe improvements were made thereon by tbe defendant *W.*S. Carawan, during tbe year 1932, from $2,500 to $3,000.

At tbe.close of all tbe evidence, tbe action was dismissed by judgment as of nonsuit, and tbe plaintiffs appealed to tbe Supreme Court, assigning as error said judgment.

*421
      *H. S. Ward and P. S. Bell for plaintiffs.*

*M. B. Simpson for defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc.*

*W. L. Whitley for defendant W. 8. Carawan.*

*MacLean & Rodman for defendants, The Federal Farm Loan Bank of Columbia, 8. C., and W. 0. McGiboney, trustee.*

Connor, J.

At the trial of this action, there was no contention by the plaintiffs, or by either of them that the deed of trust, which was executed by them on 10 March, 1926, to J. H. LeRoy, trustee, was for any reason void or voidable. They conceded that said deed of trust was valid in all respects, and that their note secured by said deed of trust was due and payable at the date of the sale by the trustee under the power of sale contained in the deed of trust. They contended that notwithstanding the foreclosure of the deed of trust by the sale of the tract of land conveyed thereby, under the power of sale contained in the deed of trust, they now have the right to redeem said tract of land by paying the note secured thereby, for the sole reason that the purchase price paid for said tract of land by the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., was grossly inadequate.

There was no evidence at the trial tending to show that there was actual fraud, oppression, or unfairness on the part of the trustee or of the creditor whose debt was secured by the deed of trust, in advertising or selling the tract of land. All the evidence showed that the sale was made after a strict compliance by the trustee with all the terms of the power of sale contained in the deed of trust. The plaintiffs, with full knowledge that the land had been sold under the power of sale contained in the deed of trust, and that the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., was the purchaser at the sale, and had thereafter conveyed the land to the defendant *W.*S. Carawan, surrendered possession to the defendant W. S. Carawan, and rented from said defendant a farm on said land, which they cultivated as tenants of said defendant for two years before the commencement of this action. They knew that while they were in possession of said farm, as his tenants, the defendant *W.*S. Carawan was expending large sums of money in making necessary improvements on said tract of land.

In *Roberson v. Matthews,*200 N. C., 241, 156 S. E., 496, it is said:

> “Mere inadequacy of purchase price alone is not sufficient to upset a sale when duly and regularly made. But gross inadequacy of consideration, when coupled with any other inequitable element, even though neither standing alone may be sufficient for the purpose, will induce a court of equity to interpose and do justice between the parties. *Weir v. Weir,*196 N. C. 268, 145 S. E., 281.”

*422In *Bunn v. Holliday,*209 N. C., 351, 183 S. E., 278, it is said: “It is well settled in this jurisdiction that the *cestui que trust*has a right to buy at the trust sale unless fraud or collusion is alleged and proved. *Monroe v. Fuchtler,*121 N. C., 101; *Hayes v. Pace,*162 N. C., 288; *Winchester v. Winchester,*178 N. C., 483; *Simpson v. Fry,*194 N. C., 623. See *Hinton v. West,*207 N. C., 708. The principle is different as between mortgagor and mortgagee. *Lockridge v. Smith,*206 N. C., 174.

“After the sale by the trustee and the purchase by the defendants, Holliday and Whitaker, of the plaintiff’s land, the plaintiff, who was *sui juris,*rented the land from them, and for several years paid the rent to them. We think from plaintiff’s testimony that be is estopped and the nonsuit was proper.”

As there was no error in the judgment of nonsuit as to the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc., the judgment is affirmed without considering the contentions on this appeal of the other defendants, that they are innocent purchasers, without notice of equities, if any, of the plaintiffs against the defendant Albemarle Fertilizer Company, Inc.

Affirmed.