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Title:   Author  item
                                            MARKUS, M - U PRETORIA SO AFRICAitem
                                            VAN DER LUGT, J - U PRETORIA SO AFRICAitem
                                            Dubey, Jitender
  Submitted to: Book Chapter
                                    Publication Type: Book / Chapter
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/10/2004
                                    Publication  Date: 6/30/2004
                                    Citation: Markus, M.B., Van Der Lugt, J.J., Dubey, J.P. 2004. Sarcocystosis. In: Coetzer J.A.W., Thomson,G.R., Tustin,R.C., Kriek,N.P.J. Eds. Infectious diseases of livestock with special reference to Southern Africa, Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Ni City, South Africa, pp. 375Interpretive Summary: Infection by the single celled parasites of the genus Sarcocystis cause mortalty and loss of weight in livestock.  Scientists at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and University of Pretoria in South Africa review sarcocystosis in livestock.  This information will be of interest to biologists, parsitologists and veterinarians.
                                Technical Abstract: Species of Sarcocystis have a 2-host prey-predator life cycle, with herbivores as intermediate hosts and carnivores as definitive hosts.The intermediate host becomes infected with Sarcocystis by ingesting sporocysts, or oocysts, or both, excreted in the feces of the deinitive host.  After a brief period of schizogony, the parasite encysts in muscles and forms sarcocysts.  The definitive host becomes infected by ingesting sarcocysts in infected muscles of intermediate hosts.  Some animals act both as intermediate and definitve hosts, but usually not for the same species of Sarcocystis.  Sarcocystis is ubiquitous worldwide.  The protozoon comonly and characteristically causes a chronic, subclinical infection in the cardiac and/or skeletal muscles of livestock, but, on rare occasions, Sarcocystis does give rise to disseminated acute disease, encephalitis (which can occur in the absence of disseinated infection), abortion or premature birth and, possibly eosinophilic myositis.  In the present paper the biology of Sarcocystis infection in animals is reviewed.


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