IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2013-CA-00131-COA

MITCHELL P. SMITH AND HORACE HOYT

SMITH

APPELLANTS

v.

FIRST BANK, CHRISTOPHER A. FERRELL,

CYNTHIA FERRELL, JAMES FERRELL AND

CHRISTOPHER B. FERRELL, A MINOR, AND

CHRISTINA FERRELL, A MINOR BY AND

THROUGH THEIR MOTHER AND NEXT

FRIEND, CYNTHIA FERRELL

APPELLEES

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11/04/2011

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DAVID H. STRONG JR.

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: LINCOLN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS: W. BRADY KELLEMS 

JOSEPH PRESTON DURR 

CHELI KELLEMS DURR

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: DENNIS L. HORN 

JARROD WATKINS TAYLOR 

SHIRLEY PAYNE 

JOHN DENVER FIKE

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY

TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DENIED APPELLANT’S MOTIONS TO SET

ASIDE AND VACATE JUDGMENT AND

FOR REHEARING AND TO ALTER THE

JUDGMENT

DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED: 04/28/2015

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES AND ISHEE, JJ.

GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. This Court considers a challenge to the circuit court’s decision to uphold a default

judgment and related orders. We find no error and affirm. 
FACTS

¶2. In 2004, Christopher and Cynthia Ferrell bought a home in Lincoln County. They

moved in the home with their children: James, Christina, Christopher B. (“Bubba”), and

Marna.

¶3. On April 29, 2006, several of the Ferrells were injured when a fight started on

neighboring property owned by Mitchell P. Smith.

¶4. On April 26, 2007, the Ferrells filed a complaint for damages against Mitchell, 

Horace Hoyt Smith (Mitchell’s father), and several others. The Ferrells personally served

process on Horace on April 27, 2007. Mitchell could not be located, and he was dismissed

from this action. However, Horace did not respond, and a default was entered against him

on September 6, 2007.

¶5. On January 22, 2009, the Ferrells filed another complaint based on the same facts. 

This time, the Ferrells served Mitchell with process through his nineteen-year-old son,

Brandon. Thereafter, the Ferrells filed a motion to consolidate the two actions. The circuit

court granted the motion on October 21, 2010.

 ¶6. On May 9, 2011, this case went to trial. Neither Mitchell nor Horace appeared to

defend himself. The circuit court entered a default judgment against Mitchell and Horace,

in the sum of $917,000.

¶7. On June 1, 2012, First Bank received a writ of garnishment on Mitchell’s account. 

Thereafter, the bank mistakenly told Mitchell that he could withdraw all of his money from

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his account. Mitchell acted on this information and withdrew all of his money from First

Bank.

¶8. On August 23, 2012, Mitchell and Horace filed their motions to set aside the

judgment. The circuit court found “that both Mitchell and [Horace] have colorable defenses,

and that had they defended these claims at trial, as it was their right to do, the outcome might

have been substantially different.” However, after weighing the relevant factors, the circuit

court ruled that the default judgment against Mitchell and Horace should stand. Their motion

was denied. In addition, Mitchell was ordered to return the funds that he withdrew from First

Bank. It is from this judgment that Mitchell and Horace now appeal.

ANALYSIS

¶9. On de novo review, this Court must first determine whether the judgment is void

because of insufficient service of process. Fletcher v. Limeco Corp., 996 So. 2d 773, 776

(¶8) (Miss. 2008). “A court must have jurisdiction, proper service of process, in order to

enter a default judgment against a party. Otherwise, the default judgment is void. If a

default judgment is void, the trial court has no discretion and must set the judgment aside.” 

McCain v. Dauzat, 791 So. 2d 839, 842 (¶7) (Miss. 2001) (internal citations omitted).

¶10. Once the procedural issues are satisfied, we apply an abuse-of-discretion standard of

review to the circuit court’s decision on a motion to set aside a default judgment. Am. States

Ins. Co. v. Rogillio, 10 So. 3d 463, 467 (¶8) (Miss. 2009). “[W]here there is a reasonable

doubt as to whether or not a default judgment should be vacated, the doubt should be

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resolved in favor of opening the judgment and hearing the case on its merits.” Id. (quoting

McCain, 791 So. 2d at 843 (¶10)).

I. Whether service of process was proper.

A. Horace – Service of Process

¶11. Horace argues that he never received service of process and points to a defect on the

face of the “Return.” The defect is the placing of his name, “Horace Smith,” where the

month, “April,” should be. According to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(f), the

“[f]ailure to make proof of service does not affect the validity of service.” However, the

absence of some proof of the receipt of a summons makes the notice questionable. Mansour

v. Charmax Indus. Inc., 680 So. 2d 852, 854 (Miss. 1996).

¶12. Here, even though the return did not properly state the date of process, there was proof

of the service of process on Horace. Accordingly, we find that the record includes sufficient

evidence to indicate that Horace was properly served with process.

B. Mitchell – Service of Process

¶13. Mitchell asserts that the Ferrells failed to comply with the service requirements of

Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4. He claims that they did not use reasonable diligence

in serving personal process before using secondary service. Also, Mitchell claims that the

process server did not leave the summons at his abode. And, even if it was his abode, the

relative located on the lawn outside of the house could not receive service under Rule 4

because that relative did not live there.

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¶14. According to Rule 4(d)(1)(B),

if service under subparagraph (1)(A) of this subdivision cannot be made with

reasonable diligence, by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the

defendant’s usual place of abode with the defendant’s spouse or some other

person of the defendant’s family above the age of sixteen years who is willing

to receive service . . . .

¶15. In 2007, the Ferrells attempted to serve Mitchell personally on a separate lawsuit

based on the same facts. At that time Mitchell was out of the country. The Ferrells could not

locate Mitchell, and the circuit court dismissed him from the lawsuit.

¶16. In 2009, the Ferrells tried to personally serve Mitchell in a second action based on the

same facts. The process server, Gary Windham, went to the address of Mitchell’s house and

found Mitchell’s nineteen-year-old son, Brandon, at that address. Mitchell was not

available. Windham then left service of process with Brandon.

¶17. According to McDaniel v. Burroughs, 739 So. 2d 461, 463 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999),

after the process server is unable to locate the party, it is proper to leave summons with a

family member over the age of sixteen. In McDaniel, “service of process was attempted on

McDaniel[] at his usual place of abode. After the process server was unable to locate

McDaniel, he left a copy of the summons and complaint with McDaniel’s wife.” Id. 

Accordingly, we find the Ferrells used reasonable diligence before leaving process with

Mitchell’s son, Brandon.

¶18. However, Mitchell argues that the house located at the address was not his usual place

of abode. In Alpaugh v. Moore, 568 So. 2d 291, 293 (Miss. 1990), “a person’s ‘usual place

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of abode’ is the place the person is actually living at the time when the service of process is

made.” (Citing Hendricks v. Kellogg, 116 Miss. 22, 76 So. 746 (1917); 62B Am. Jur. 2d

Process § 208, at 911 (1990)). 

¶19. At the time of process in January 2009, Mitchell claimed to be overseas. He testified

that when he returned from overseas, in February 2009, he stayed at his house. Specifically

he stated, “I come to town. I go back. I don’t ever leave the house again.”

¶20. Mitchell later testified that he did not live in the house from August 2008 to about

April or May of 2009. Instead, he testified that he lived in a trailer located along his

driveway to his house. He contends the trailer was his abode at the time of service.

¶21. To show he was not living in the house, Mitchell presented evidence that the house

was burglarized and vandalized in August 2008. He claimed to be living in the trailer until

the renovations on the house were completed. However, after reviewing the record, we find

that there was sufficient evidence to support the circuit court’s decision that the house was

Mitchell’s usual place of abode. 

¶22. Finally, Mitchell argues that Brandon did not live at the house. He claimed that

Brandon lived in a trailer located at the same address as the house. Here, we find Brandon

was “some other person of the defendant's family above the age of sixteen years who [was]

willing to receive service . . . .” M.R.C.P. 4(d)(1)(B). Therefore, we find there was

sufficient evidence to support the circuit court’s finding that Mitchell was properly with

process.

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II. Whether the default judgment should be set aside.

¶23. The supreme court discussed the standard for reviewing default judgments:

This Court reviews the trial court’s decision on a motion to set aside a default

judgment under an abuse of discretion standard. Default judgments are not

favored in the law. If reasonable doubt exists as to whether a default judgment

should be vacated, “the doubt should be resolved in favor of opening the

judgment and hearing the case on its merits.” However, the party seeking

relief from the default judgment is not entitled to relief as a matter of right, and

this Court will only reverse the trial court where it has abused its discretion.

Woodruff v. Thomas, 143 So. 3d 546, 552 (¶11) (Miss. 2014) (internal citations omitted).

¶24. When a circuit court considers a Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure 60(b) motion

to set aside a default judgment, it must weigh: “(1) the nature and legitimacy of the

defendant’s reasons for his default . . . , (2) whether the defendant in fact has a colorable

defense to the merits of the claim, and (3) the nature and extent of prejudice which may be

suffered by the plaintiff if the default is set aside.” McCain, 791 So. 2d at 843 (¶10). Here,

the circuit court weighed each factor in making its ruling.

A. Nature and Legitimacy of the Reason for Default

¶25. The circuit court began with a review Mitchell’s and Horace’s reasons for default. 

The circuit court found that the Ferrells properly served Horace and Mitchell with process. 

In addition, both Horace and Mitchell provided no good cause for failing to answer the

complaint. However, “procedural mis-steps . . . , which are grounds for finding the first

factor in the default analysis against [a party], are not sufficient by themselves to permit the

upholding of the trial court’s denial of the motion to set aside the default.” Am. Cable Corp.

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v. Trilogy Commc'n Inc., 754 So. 2d 545, 556 (¶44) (Miss. Ct. App. 2000). We find this

prong weighs in favor of the Ferrells. Nevertheless, we must still consider the other two

prongs.

B. Colorable Defense

¶26. As to the colorable-defense prong, courts have determined that this factor “outweighs

the other two, and we have encouraged trial courts to vacate a default judgment where ‘the

defendant has shown that he has a meritorious defense.’” Allstate Ins. Co. v. Green, 794 So.

2d 170, 174 (¶9) (Miss. 2001) (citing Bailey v. Ga. Cotton Goods Co., 543 So. 2d 180, 182

(Miss. 1989)); see also Flagstar Bank FSB v. Danos, 46 So. 3d 298, 307 (¶32) (Miss. 2010)

(most important factor is the colorable-defense prong). 

¶27. Here, the circuit court found:

[T]he defendants put on considerable testimony that neither Mitchell nor

[Horace] [was] involved in the party or the fight, that neither Mitchell nor

[Horace] provided alcohol to the minors at the party, and that neither Mitchell

nor [Horace] [was] involved in the fight in any way. In fact, the court is

convinced that both Mitchell and [Horace] have colorable defenses, and that

had they defended these claims at trial, as it was their right to do, the outcome

might have been substantially different.

We find the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in finding a strong colorable defense. 

However, while a colorable defense is the strongest factor, prejudice to the plaintiff may

prevent a default judgment from being vacated. Guar. Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Pittman, 501 So. 2d

377, 388 (Miss. 1987). Therefore, we must still consider the prong of prejudice to the

plaintiffs. 

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C. Nature and Extent of Prejudice to the Plaintiffs

¶28. The third prong of the balancing test is “the nature and extent of prejudice which may

be suffered by the plaintiff if the default is set aside.” McCain, 791 So. 2d at 843 (¶10). 

¶29. Here, the circuit court found:

The third prong . . . weighs against the defendants. Here, the damage was

inflicted over five years ago, the lawsuit has been litigated for five years,

Brandon Smith, a key witness is now deceased, and unable to testify, and the

plaintiffs followed the rules of civil procedure in attempting to file and serve

the lawsuit. For these reasons, the court finds that setting aside the default

judgment would result in substantial prejudice to the plaintiffs.

As a result, the circuit court’s decision was based primarily on the finding that setting aside

default judgment would cause the Ferrells substantial prejudice. “The fact that ‘the injured

plaintiff is without a resolution to her claim for that period of time [i.e., the period of delay

caused by the defendant’s default]’ constitutes prejudice.” Rogillio, 10 So. 3d at 472 (¶23).

¶30. We agree with the circuit court. Mitchell and Horace had years to respond after

receiving service of process. Also, after Mitchell became aware ofthe final judgment against

him in November 2011, he still did not take any action until over nine months later.

¶31. Recovery under Rule 60(b)(6) “is reserved for exceptional and compelling

circumstances. It must be based on some other reason than the first five clauses, and it must

be some ground which will justify relief from the final judgment.” Bryant Inc. v. Walters,

493 So. 2d 933, 939 (Miss. 1986). Mitchell and Horace present no exceptional or compelling

circumstances.

¶32. Therefore, after reviewing the record and relevant factors, we find the circuit court

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did not abuse its discretion when it denied the motion to set aside the default judgment.

III. Whether Mitchell should return mistakenly released funds to First

Bank.

¶33. After the court entered a default judgment against Mitchell, First Bank received a writ

of execution followed by a writ of garnishment. Once the bank received the writ of

garnishment, the circuit court dismissed the writ of execution. Upon the dismissal of the writ

of execution, the bank called Mitchell and told him that he could withdraw his money from

his account. After being instructed by the bank, Mitchell withdrew all of his money, totaling

$19,537.26.

¶34. At the hearing to set aside the default judgment, the bank asked the circuit court to

order Mitchell to return the money to avoid unjust enrichment. Unjust enrichment was

addressed in Dunn v. Dunn, 853 So. 2d 1150, 1153-54 (¶12) (Miss. 2003):

Money paid to another by mistake of fact, although such mistake may have

been caused by payor’s negligence, may be recovered from the person to

whom it was paid, in an action for money had and received. The ground on

which recovery is allowed is that one receiving money paid to him by mistake

should not be allowed to enrich himself at the expense of the party who paid

the money to him by retaining it, but in equity and good conscience should

refund it. In order that this rule may apply, the party to whom the payment

mistake was made must be left in the same situation after he refunds it as he

would have been left had the payment not been made.

¶35. Ultimately, the circuit court ruled that the default judgment against Mitchell and

Horace should stand. Upon this holding, the circuit court ordered Mitchell to return the

withdrawn funds to the bank and ordered the bank to release the funds to the Ferrells.

¶36. We find First Bank unjustly enriched Mitchell. Therefore, Mitchell must repay the

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bank the full amount pursuant to the circuit court order.

CONCLUSION

¶37. Upon reviewing the record, we find both Mitchell and Horace received service of

process. Further, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to set aside the

default judgment. For these reasons, the circuit court’s decision to uphold the default

judgment and related orders is affirmed.

¶38. THE JUDGMENT OF THE LINCOLN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT IS

AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE

APPELLANTS.

LEE, C.J., IRVING, P.J., BARNES, ISHEE, ROBERTS, CARLTON,

MAXWELL AND FAIR, JJ., CONCUR. JAMES, J., DISSENTS WITHOUT

SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

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