U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research: Ames, IA
 close



    Research

                    Research Projects
                                    Publications
                                    Collaborations
                                    News
                People

                    Staff Listing
                                    CareersSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Midwest Area Ames, Iowa National Animal Disease Center Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Waters, Wadeitem
                                            Nonnecke, Brianitem
                                            Olsen, Stevenitem
                                            Palmer, Mitchell
  Submitted to: Veterinary Microbiology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 8/10/2006
                                    Publication  Date: 1/1/2007
                                    Citation: Waters, W.R., Nonnecke, B.J., Olsen, S.C., Palmer, M.V. 2007. Effects of pre-culture holding time and temperature on interferon-gamma responses in whole blood cultures from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. Veterinary Microbiology. 119(2-4):277-282.Interpretive Summary: Despite highly successful eradication efforts in several countries, tuberculosis of cattle remains a serious health concern worldwide. In addition, recent outbreaks of tuberculosis in Michigan, California, Texas, Minnesota, and New Mexico demonstrate that the disease is far from eliminated from the United States. The BovigamTM assay is approved for use within the United States as a complimentary test for bovine tuberculosis. This assay relies on live cells for production of a measurable response. In the field, samples are subjected to various holding time and temperature combinations that may negatively impact the response. In the present study, it was determined that high temperatures and delays in set-up of the assay interfere with the response. This interference may result in false negative responses. Knowledge obtained from this study will assist in the standardization of sample handling necessary for successful diagnosis of tuberculosis-infected cattle.
                                Technical Abstract: The BovigamTM assay is approved for use within the United States as a complimentary test for tuberculosis. Prior to whole blood culture and the ensuing ELISA to detect interferon- (IFN) ', samples are subjected to various holding time / temperature combinations due, in part, to practical constraints associated with shipment of samples to approved laboratories. Five-month-old Holstein calves (n = 7) received 10**3 cfu Mycobacterium bovis by aerosol. Heparinized blood was held at 4°C or 22°C for 0 hr, 8 hr or 24 hr prior to whole blood culture. A subset of samples was held for 2 hr at 37°C at the beginning of the holding period. These samples (i.e., 2 hr hold at 37°C) had diminished responses to mycobacterial antigens or pokeweed mitogen. Differences in responses of samples held at 4°C versus 22°C were minimal. Responses of samples held for 8 or 24 hr were comparable and were lower than responses of cultures prepared immediately after blood collection, regardless of holding temperature. However, samples held at 37°C for the initial 2 hr of a 24 hr pre-culture period had lower responses to all stimulants than did samples held at 37°C for the initial 2 hr of a 8 hr pre-culture period. Pre-processing conditions, particularly delays in set-up and initial high sample temperatures, may reduce IFN-gamma responses of cells from infected cattle increasing the risk of false negatives in this important assay.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov