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Title:   Author  item
                                            Palmer, Mitchellitem
                                            Thacker, Tyleritem
                                            NOL, PAULINE - APHISitem
                                            Waters, Wade
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 10/20/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 10/20/2007
                                    Citation: Palmer, M.V., Thacker, T.C., Nol, P., Waters, W.R. 2007. Vaccination of White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Mycobacterium bovis BCG [abstract]. 111th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association. p. 35.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit M. bovis to cattle. One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to cattle transmission. Thirty-one white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 10**7 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n=11); 1 SC dose of 10**7 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n=10); and unvaccinated deer (n=10). After vaccination, deer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 300 CFU of virulent M. bovis. Gross lesion severity scores of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were significantly reduced in deer receiving 2 doses of BCG compared to non-vaccinated deer. Vaccinated deer had fewer lymph node granulomas than unvaccinated deer, and most notably, fewer late stage granulomas characterized by coalescent caseonecrotic granulomas containing numerous acid-fast bacilli. BCG was isolated from 7/21 vaccinated deer as long as 249 days after vaccination. In one case BCG was transmitted from a vaccinated deer to an unvaccinated deer. In white-tailed deer BCG Pasteur provides measurable protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. However, persistence of vaccine within tissues as well as shedding of BCG from vaccinates remain areas for further investigation.


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