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Title:   Author  item
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            ROTHWELL, LISA - INSTITUTE ANIMAL HEALTHitem
                                            KAISER, PETER - INSTITUTE ANIMAL HEALTH
  Submitted to: ARS Immunology Workshop
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/3/2003
                                    Publication  Date: 12/3/2003
                                    Citation: KOGUT, M.H., ROTHWELL, L., KAISER, P. INTERFERON-GAMMA UPREGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY AND TH1 CYTOKINE MRNA IN CHICKEN HETEROPHILS DURING RECEPTOR MEDIATED PHAGOCYTOSIS OF OPSONIZED AND NONOPSONIZED SALMONELLA ENTETERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS. ARS IMMUNOLOGY WORKSHOP. 2003. ABSTRACT P. 29.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The immediate response to invasive pathogens, clearance via the inflammatory response, and activation of appropriate acquired responses are all coordinated by innate host defenses.  Recognition of microbes is accompanied by the induction of multiple cellular processes including the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are vital cellular components of innate response with the primary PMN in poultry being the heterophil.  Priming is the potentiation of the phagocyte activation process by previous exposure to a priming agent.  IFN-gamma is a pleiotrophic cytokine involved in basically all phases of immune and inflammatory responses that has been shown to prime heterophil functional activities.  In the present experiments, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated the role of recombinant chicken IFN-gamma (rChIFN-gamma) as a priming mediator to control heterophil responses at the level of gene transcription and expression of the mRNA for proinflammatory  (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8) and Th1 (IL-18 and IFN-gamma) cytokine genes following stimulation with phagocytosis agonists opsonized and nonopsonized Salmonella enteritidis.  rChIFN-gamma primed the heterophils for an increase in transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by phagocytic agonists, but also upregulated expression of Th1 cytokine (IL-18 and IFN-gamma) mRNA.  Although rChIFN-gamma priming modulated the expression of cytokine mRNA in heterophils stimulated by different phagocytic agonists, rChIFN-gamma by itself did not directly induce gene expression of either proinflammatory or Th1 cytokines.  The enhanced expression of cytokine mRNA does not appear to be differentially expressed depending on the receptor activated during phagocytosis.  The results from the present experiments suggest that rChIFN-gamma may play a significant role in avian innate immunity against Salmonella infection and may offer an adjunct use in the prevention and treatment of salmonellae infections in newly hatched chickens


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