U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Carroll, Johnitem
                                            Cantrell, Charlesitem
                                            Klun, Jeromeitem
                                            Kramer, Matthew
  Submitted to: Experimental and Applied Acarology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/27/2007
                                    Publication  Date: 3/13/2007
                                    Citation: Carroll, J.F., Cantrell, C.L., Klun, J.A., Kramer, M.H. 2007. Repellency of two terpenoid compounds isolated from Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae) against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks. Experimental and Applied Acarology. 41:215-224.Interpretive Summary: Callicarpenal (13, 14, 15, 16-tetranor-3-clerodenal) and intermedeol [(4S, 5S, 7R, 10S)-eudesm-11-en-4-ol], isolated from American beautyberry, Callicarpa americana (Verbenaceae), were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for repellent activity against nymphs of the blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum. A strip of organdy cloth treated with test solution was doubly wrapped (treatment on outer layer) around the middle phalanx of a forefinger and ticks released on the fingertip. Callicarpenal and intermedeol, at 155 nmole/cm2 cloth, repelled 98% and 96% of I. scapularis nymphs, respectively. Dose response tests with I. scapularis nymphs showed no difference in repellency among callicarpenal, intermedeol and deet (N,N-diethyl-3- methylbenzamide), however SS220 [(1S, 2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide] was significantly more repellent than the other compounds. Callicarpenal, at 155 nmole/cm2 cloth, repelled 100 and 53.3% of I. scapularis nymphs at 3 and 4 h, respectively, after treatment of the cloth. Intermedeol repelled 72.5% of I.. scapularis nymphs at 3 h after treatment. Callicarpenal, intermedeol, deet and SS220 were less effective against A. americanum than against I. scapularis. At 155 nmole/cm2 cloth, only intermedeol and SS220 repelled significantly more A. americanum than ethanol controls. At 1,240 nmole/cm2 cloth, callicarpenal and intermedeol repelled 20 and 40%, respectively, of A. americanum nymphs.
                                Technical Abstract: Blacklegged (deer) ticks and lone star ticks are of medical importance in many areas of the U.S. Repellents are a last line of personal protection against tick bites. In Mississippi, as a traditional practice to protect draft animals from against biting insects, leaves of American beautyberry, Callicarpa americana, were rubbed on the animals’ coats and stuck under their harnesses. In laboratory bioassays, we tested two compounds, callicarpenal and intermedeol, extracted from C. americana leaves, for their efficacy in repelling blacklegged and lone star ticks and compared the compounds with the repellents deet and SS220. Callicarpenal and intermedeol were as effective as deet in repelling blacklegged tick nymphs. Greater concentrations of callicarpenal, intermedeol, deet and SS220 were needed to repel lone star tick nymphs than blacklegged tick nymphs. Callicarpenal and intermedeol retained their repellency against blacklegged ticks for 3 h after application.  Callicarpenal and intermedeol warrant further evaluation as repellents. The history of benign use of C. americana foliage in traditional animal husbandry and the compounds’ persistent repellent activity suggest that callicarpenal and intermedeol have potential for commercial development. These results are also of interest to researchers seeking new means of personal protection against tick bite.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov