UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 16-4780

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

ROBERT LEE ALTMANN,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia, 

at Clarksburg. Irene M. Keeley, District Judge. (1:16-cr-00027-IMK-MJA-1)

Submitted: May 22, 2017 Decided: May 30, 2017

Before WILKINSON, NIEMEYER, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed in part; dismissed in part by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Deirdre H. Purdy, Chloe, West Virginia, for Appellant. Andrew R. Cogar, Assistant 

United States Attorney, Clarksburg, West Virginia, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
2

PER CURIAM:

Robert Lee Altmann pled guilty, pursuant to a written plea agreement, to one 

count of bank fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344 (2012). The district court sentenced 

Altmann to 12 months and 1 day of imprisonment and to a 5-year term of supervised 

release. On appeal, Altmann argues that the Government engaged in prosecutorial 

misconduct at sentencing by relying on unsubstantiated evidence regarding a victim’s 

loss to support its position that a custodial sentence should be imposed and that 

sentencing counsel was ineffective in his representation for failing to object to the same. 

Altmann further asserts that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable in terms of the 

district court’s analysis of the relevant 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) (2012) sentencing factors. 

Relying on the waiver of appellate rights in Altmann’s plea agreement, the Government 

moves to dismiss this appeal as to Altmann’s challenge to his sentence. We affirm in part 

and dismiss in part. 

We first turn to Altmann’s contention that the Government committed 

prosecutorial misconduct by making certain unsubstantiated statements in support of its 

sentencing position. To establish such a claim, Altmann must demonstrate “that the 

prosecutor’s remarks or conduct were improper” and that they prejudicially affected his 

substantial rights. United States v. Caro, 597 F.3d 608, 624-25 (4th Cir. 2010) (internal 

quotation marks omitted). Because Altmann did not raise his claim of prosecutorial 

misconduct in the district court, we review for plain error only. United States v. Alerre, 

430 F.3d 681, 689 (4th Cir. 2005). Our review of the transcript of Altmann’s sentencing 
3

revealed no misconduct or prejudicially improper remarks by the prosecutor. We thus 

reject this argument.

Altmann next contends that his sentencing attorney rendered constitutionally 

deficient performance by failing to object to the same statements that formed the basis for 

his prosecutorial misconduct claim. A defendant may raise a claim of ineffective 

assistance of counsel on direct appeal if and only if it conclusively appears from the 

record that counsel did not provide effective assistance. United States v. Galloway, 749 

F.3d 238, 241 (4th Cir. 2014). Absent such a showing, ineffective assistance claims 

should be raised in a motion brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (2012), in order to 

permit sufficient development of the record. United States v. Baptiste, 596 F.3d 214, 216 

n.1 (4th Cir. 2010). The record in this case does not conclusively show that counsel

provided ineffective assistance; thus, Altmann’s claim is properly raised, if at all, in a 

§ 2255 motion rather than on direct appeal. 

Finally, the Government contends that the appeal waiver in Altmann’s plea 

agreement forecloses our review of Altmann’s assertion of procedural sentencing error. 

We review de novo the validity of an appeal waiver. United States v. Thornsbury, 670 

F.3d 532, 537 (4th Cir. 2012). An appeal waiver “preclude[s] a defendant from appealing 

a specific issue if . . . the waiver is valid and . . . the issue being appealed is within the 

scope of the waiver.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). A defendant validly 

waives his appeal rights if he agreed to the waiver “knowingly and intelligently.” United 

States v. Manigan, 592 F.3d 621, 627 (4th Cir. 2010). “To determine whether a waiver is 

knowing and intelligent, we examine the totality of the circumstances, including the 
4

experience and conduct of the accused, as well as the accused’s educational background 

and familiarity with the terms of the plea agreement.” Thornsbury, 670 F.3d at 537 

(internal quotation marks omitted). Generally, if a court fully questions a defendant 

regarding the waiver of his right to appeal during the Fed. R. Crim. P. 11 colloquy, “and 

the record indicates that the defendant understood the full significance of the waiver,” id., 

we will uphold the waiver as valid and enforceable, United States v. Johnson, 410 F.3d 

137, 151 (4th Cir. 2005).

On this record, we conclude that Altmann knowingly and voluntarily agreed to the 

waiver provision in his plea agreement. The district court fully questioned Altmann at 

the Rule 11 hearing to ensure his understanding and voluntary acceptance of the appeal 

waiver, which was set forth in plain terms in the plea agreement.

We further conclude that the sentencing claim Altmann presses on appeal falls 

squarely within the scope of the waiver. Specifically, Altmann waived his right to appeal 

any within- or below-Guidelines sentence including “the manner in which that sentence 

was determined on any ground whatsoever, including those grounds set forth in 18 

U.S.C. § 3742,” excepting only those claims based on ineffective assistance of counsel or 

prosecutorial misconduct. (J.A. 79).*

 Altmann argues in his opening brief that the 

district court procedurally erred in terms of analyzing the relevant § 3553(a) sentencing 

factors and weighing the mitigating evidence. We agree with the Government that the 

 * Citations to the “J.A.” refer to the joint appendix submitted by the parties.
5

broad waiver provision in Altmann’s plea agreement precludes appellate review of this 

argument.

Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment with respect to Altmann’s 

claims that the Government engaged in prosecutorial misconduct and that counsel’s 

performance at sentencing was constitutionally deficient, and we dismiss Altmann’s 

appeal of his sentence. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal 

contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument 

would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED IN PART;

DISMISSED IN PART