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Title:   Author  item
                                            Kim, Jongitem
                                            Vallet, Jeffitem
                                            Christenson, Ronald
  Submitted to: Biology of Reproduction Abstracts
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/20/2001
                                    Publication  Date: 12/20/2001
                                    Citation: Kim, J.G., Vallet, J.L., Christenson, R.K. 2001. Characterization of the porcine amphiregulin gene [abstract]. Biology of Reproduction. 64(Supplement 1):269. (Abstract No. 415)Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Uterine capacity is a component trait contributing to litter size in swine. Gene mapping analyses revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for uterine capacity on chromosome 8. The amphiregulin (AR) gene has been mapped to chromosome 8 at 65 cM, close to the previously identified uterine capacity QTL, and is expressed by uterine endometrium during pregnancy. The  objective of this study was to characterize the porcine AR gene to understand the control of transcription of the gene in endometrium. A clone containing the AR gene isolated from a porcine bacteriophage artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library was digested with PstI, and fragments containing portions of the gene were subcloned. Sequencing of these clones, along with cloning and sequencing of PCR products using the BAC clone as template, revealed that the gene consists of 6 exons and 5 introns. The sizes and boundaries of the exons were similar to those of human AR. The  3174 bp region upstream of the transcription start site was conserved (69% identity) compared to the human AR gene. Signal scan analysis along with alignment of this region with the upstream region of the human AR gene revealed a conserved TATA box located at -28 bp from the transcription start site. Also, the conserved palindromic sequence TGACGTCA, which is similar to AP-1 and/or cyclic AMP-responsive element sites, was located at -64 bp from the transcription start site. A second palindromic site containing potential conjoined enhancer/C-myb/enhancer binding sites was located at -2098 bp. These and other conserved binding sites for transcription factors may be important for the regulation of porcine AR gene expression. Understanding the control of the AR gene in endometrium may lead to strategies to improve litter size in swine.


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