# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 3- 22 95

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Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Luk e Goo do n

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

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App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t
fo r th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa - Dub uq ue

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Su bm it te d: Decem

be r 16 , 20 13
Fi le d: Feb ru ary 7, 2 01 4

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Befo re MUR PHY, BYE, and SMITH, Ci rcu it Ju dg es

.

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MURP HY, Circ ui t J ud ge

.

Luk e Goo do n pl ed gu il ty in 20 08 t o b an kr up tc y frau d an d to st ru ct ur in g

fin an ci al tra ns act io ns in or de r to ev ad e rep or ti ng req ui rem en ts an d was se nt en ced by

th e di st ric t co ur t to 27 m on th s im pr is on m en t an d 24 m on th s su pe rv is ed rel eas e. His

su pe rv is ed rel eas e be ga n in Feb ru ary 20 11

. The Uni te d St at es pr ob at io n of fic e la te r

pe ti ti on ed to rev ok e Goo do n's su pe rv ise d rel eas e ba se d on m ul ti pl e vi ol at io ns of st at ela w as well as th e te rm s of hi s rel eas e. The di st ric t co ur t he ld a he ari ng on May 30

, 1

20 13 an d rev ok ed Goo do n's su pe rv is ed rel eas e aft er co nc lu di ng th at th e go ve rn m en t

ha d pr ov en al l bu t on e of th e al le ge d vi ol at io ns

. The ad vi so ry gu id el in e ran ge was

cal cu la te d a t 6 to 12 m on th s, an d th e di st ric t co ur t s en te nc ed Goo do n t o 1 2 m on th s

im pr is on m en t an d 12 m on th s su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Goo do n ap pe al s th e rev oc at io n of

hi s s up erv is ed rel eas e an d t he sen te nc e im po se d b y th e d is tri ct co ur t.

The Uni te d St at es pr ob at io n of fic e al le ge d th at Goo do n ha d co m m it te d va rio us

vi ol at io ns of hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e. In A u g u st 20 11 a warra nt is su ed fo r hi s arre st

ba se d o n c o mp l a in ts fro m in di vi du al s wit h who m he ha d pr om is ed to sh are pr of it s

fro m sa lv a g in g th ei r st eel

. Bas ed on th is al le ge d vi ol at io n of st at e la w a nd th e fact

th at Goo do n was rece iv in g So ci al Secu rit y di sa bi li ty pa y m en ts

, th e co nd it io ns of hi s

fed eral su pe rv is ed rel eas e were m od ifi ed to req ui re th at al l em pl oym en t be ap pr ov ed
by th e pr ob at i o n o f

f ic e an d th at he no t se ek or en ga ge in an y wor k or ag reem en ts

rel at ed to sc rap pi ng m et al s. In a su bs eq ue nt st at e co ur t p r o ceed in g in May 20 12

, Goo do n pl ed gu il ty to an Io wa th eft vi ol at io n an d was s en te nc ed to ti m e se rv ed
(twe lv e da y s) an d or de red to pa y res ti tu ti on

. The fed eral di st ric t cou rt m od ifi ed hi s

su pe rv is ed rel eas e to in cl ud e two week en ds in jail , whi ch Goo do n h as ser ve d.

Goo do n rece iv ed a t r a f

f i c ci ta ti on on Ja nu ary 1 7, 20 13 fo r ha vi ng "fi ct it io us pl at es " on hi s tra il er. A de pu ty who in fo rm ed th e fed eral pr ob at io n of fic e ab ou t th is

ci ta ti on al so rep or te d th at Goo do n ha d be en sc rap pi ng m et al

, an act iv it y fo rb id de n by

th e te rm s of hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Goo do n to ld h i s pr ob at io n of fic er ab ou t hi s

tra ffi c ci ta ti o n o n J a nu ary 21

. The n in la te Ja nu ary, an arre st warra nt was is su ed

ch arg in g Goo do n wit h So c i a l Secu rit y di sa bi li ty frau d fo r al le ge dl y rece iv in g

di sa bi li ty pa y m en ts whi le "wo rk in g in th e sc rap m et al b u s i n e s s " be twee n Ja nu ary

20 06 an d Octo be r 20 11

. Goo do n was tri ed be fo re a st at e co ur t jury, fo un d gu il ty of

The Hon or ab le Mar k W

. Ben ne tt

, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Ju d g e f o r th e 1

Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa

.

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-th eft in th e fir st de gr ee in Apr il 20 13

, an d se nt en ced to te n y ears su sp en de d wit h fiv e

y ears pro ba ti on an d a req ui rem en t o f res ti tu ti on

.

The fed eral di st ric t co ur t he ld a rev oc at io n he ari ng in May 20 13 an d rev ok ed

Goo do n's su pe rv is ed rel eas e aft er fin di ng th at he ha d co m m it te d two st at e la w th eft s,

a st at e la w fic ti ti ou s pl at es vi ol at io n, s crap pe d m et al wit ho ut hi s pro ba ti on of fic er's

pe rm is si on , an d fai le d to no ti fy th at of fic er wit hi n th ree da y s of a vi ol at io n as

req ui red by hi s su pe rv is ed r e l e a s e

. The di st ric t co ur t fo un d, ho wev er, th at th e

go ve rn m en t di d no t pr ov e th at Goo do n ga ve a fal se st at em en t to hi s pr ob at io n of fic er

reg ard in g t he fic ti ti ou s p la te s ch arg e.

Goo do n arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t erre d at hi s fed eral rev oc at io n he ari ng by

rel y in g on a cert ifi ed co py of hi s jury co nv ic ti on rat he r th an cal li ng a li ve wit ne ss

. He ci te d th e co nf

ro nt at io n cl au se of th e Si xt h Am en dm en t an d Fed eral Ru le of

Cri m in al Pro ced ur e 32 .1(b )(2 )(C)

. W e rev ie w co ns ti tu ti on al qu es ti on s de no vo , bu t

cl ai m s of v i o l a t io n of Ru le 32 .1(b )(2 )(C) fo r ab us e of di sc ret io n. Uni te d St at es v.

Jo hn so n, 71 0 F.3 d 78 4, 78 7 (8 th Ci r. 20 13 ) (ci ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Mar ti n, 38 2 F.3 d

84 0, 84 4 (8 th Ci r. 20 04 )). A r e v o c a t i on he ari ng ba se d on al le ge d vi ol at io ns of

su pe rv is ed rel eas e is no t a cri m in al pr os ecu ti on , an d th us th e fu ll Si xt h Am en dm en t
rig ht to co nf

ro nt at io n do es no t app ly. Uni te d S ta te s v . Ray , 53 0 F .3d 66 6, 66 8 (8t h

Ci r. 20 08 ). W e ha ve al so co nc lu de d th at ad m is si on at a se nt en ci ng he a r in g of a

cert ifi ed co py of a co nv ic ti on do es no t vi ol at e th e Si xt h Am en dm en t. Uni te d St at es

v. In gr am , 59 4 F .3d 97 2, 9 81 (8t h C ir. 2 01 0)

.

W e co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t co ur t di d no t ab us e it s di sc ret io n in rel y in g on th e

cert ifi ed co py of Goo do n's th eft co nv ic ti on as pr oo f of a st at e la w vi ol at io n. Goo do n

ha s a "l im it ed du e pr oc es s rig ht " in co nn ect io n wit h hi s rev oc at io n he ari ng

. Ray, 53 0

F.3 d at 66 8. Und er Fed eral Ru le of Cri m in al Pro ced ur e 3 2.1 (b )(2 )(C) , a de fen da nt

at su ch a he ari ng is en t i t l e d t o "an op po rtu ni ty to ap pe ar, pr es en t ev id en ce, an d

qu es ti on an y

ad ve rs e wit ne ss un le ss th e co ur t de te rm in es th at th e in te res t o f jus ti ce

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-do es no t req ui re th e wit ne ss to ap pe ar." Goo do n arg ue s th at th e co ur t erre d in rel y in g

on a c e r t i f

i e d co py of hi s co nv ic ti on to pr ov e hi s st at e la w vi ol at io n rat he r th an

req ui rin g t he tes ti m on y

of a n a dv ers e wit ne ss

.

W e ha ve pr ev io us ly de ci de d in an un pu bl is he d op in io n th at a cert ifi ed co py of

a st at e c o u r t ju dg m en t of co nv ic ti on is su ffi ci en t to es ta bl is h th e co m m is si on of a

st at e cri m e d u r i n g a pe rio d of su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Uni te d St at es v. Mo rs e, No. 98

-
38 61 , 1 99 9 W L 98 09 38 , at * 1 (8 th Cir . Oct. 2 8, 1 99 9)

. Oth er ci rcu it s ha ve ta ke n a

co ns is te nt ap pr oa ch

, se e, e.g ., Uni te d St at es v. Sp rag li n, 41 8 F.3 d 47 9, 48 0 (5 th Ci r.

20 05 ); Uni te d St at es v. Huu sk o, 27 5 F.3 d 60 0, 60 2– 03 (7 th Ci r. 20 01 ). W e ha ve al so

co nc lu de d th at a st at e cri m in al co nv ic ti on "p ro vi de s su ffi ci en t gr ou nd s fo r rev oc at io n

of pr ob at io n eve n th ou gh an ap pe al fro m th e co nv ic ti on is st il l p en di ng ," an d th at a

cert ifi ed co py of su ch a co nv ic ti on is ad eq ua te pr oo f. Uni te d Stat es v. Gen ti le , 61 0

F.2 d 5 41 , 54 2 (8 th Cir . 19 79 )

Goo do n al so arg ue s th at t h e di st ric t co ur t erre d in fin di ng th at he fai le d to

no ti fy hi s pr ob at io n of

fic er wit hi n 72 ho ur s of co nt act wit h la w en fo rcem en t of fic ers ,

as req ui red by a co nd it io n of hi s su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Goo do n cl ai m s th at he rece iv ed

a tra ffi c ci ta ti on on Ja nu ary 18

, 20 13 an d co m pl ie d wit h th is req ui rem en t by

in fo rm in g hi s pr ob at io n of fic er ab ou t it on Ja nu a r y 2 1

. We rev ie w a rev oc at io n of

su pe rv is ed rel eas e fo r ab us e of di sc ret io n. Uni te d S ta te s v . Sis tru nk

, 61 2 F.3d 98 8,

99 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ). The go ve rn m en t m us t pr ov e by a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce

th at a de fen da nt vi ol at ed a co nd it io n of su pe rv is ed rel eas e, an d we rev ie w th e di st ric t

c o u r t ' s fact fin di ng fo r cl ear erro r. Id

. The reco rd in di cat es th at Goo do n's tra f f i c

ci ta ti on was act ua ll y is su ed on Ja nu ary 17

, 20 13

, an d t h a t h e d id no t no ti fy hi s

pr ob at io n of

fic er ab ou t it fo r fo ur da y s. W e co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t co ur t di d no t

cl earl y err i n i ts fin di ng s.

Goo do n arg ue s th at hi s se nt en ce was su bs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le

. W e rev ie w

th e su bs ta nt iv e reas on ab le ne s s o f a r ev oc at io n se nt en ce un de r th e sa m e ab us e of

-4

-di sc ret io n st an da rd as in it ia l se nt en ci ng de ci si on s. Uni te d St at es v. Mi ll er, 55 7 F.3 d

91 0, 91 5– 16 (8 th Ci r. 20 09 ). A di st ric t co ur t co m m it s an ab us e of di sc ret io n whe n

it "(1 ) fai ls to co ns id er a rel ev an t fact or th at sh ou ld ha ve rece iv ed si gn ifi can t weig ht ; (2 ) gi ve s si gn ifi can t weig ht to an im pr op er or irr el ev an t fact or ; or (3 ) co ns id ers on ly

th e ap pr op ria te fact or s bu t in weig hi ng th os e f a c t or s co m

m it s a cl ear erro r of
jud gm en t." Uni te d S ta te s v

. Max well

, 66 4 F.3d 24 0, 2 45 (in te rn al qu ot at io n m ark s

om it te d) (ci ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Feem st er, 57 2 F.3 d 45 5, 46 1 (8 th C i r. 20 09 ) (en

ba nc )). A se nt en ce wit hi n t h e g u i d el in e ran ge m ay be pr es um ed to be reas on ab le

. Feem st er, 5 72 F.3d at 4 61

.

Goo do n arg ue s th at it was un reas on ab le for th e di st ric t cou rt to se nt en ce him

to a y ear in pr is on be cau se th e st at e co ur t ha d no t gi ve n hi m pr is on ti m e fo r hi s Io wa

co nv ic ti on of th eft in th e fir st de gr ee. The di st ric t co ur t's se nt en ce was im po se d for

Goo do n's vi ol at io n of hi s co nd it io ns of su pe rv is ed rel eas e, ho wev er, no t fo r hi s st at e

cri m e. The di st ric t co ur t co ns id ered Goo do n's se nt en ce ap p r o p r ia te ba se d on "t he

na tu re and ci rcu m st an ces of th e vi ol at io ns an d th e h is to ry an d c ha ract eri st ic s of the

de fen da nt ."

Bas ed on ou r rev ie w of t he reco rd

, we co nc lu de th at th e di st ric t cou rt di d no t

ab us e it s di sc ret io n or c o mm i t cl ear erro r in se nt en ci ng Goo do n fo r vi ol at in g hi s

su pe rv is ed rel eas e an d th at hi s se nt en ce was su bs ta nt iv el y reas on ab le

. Fo r th es e

reas on s we a ffi rm

.

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