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Title:   Author  item
                                            Swaggerty, Christina

                                                         - *Christi*item
                                            FARNELL, MORGAN - TX A&M UNIVERSITYitem
                                            Kogut, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*
  Submitted to: American Society of Microbiologists Abstracts
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/21/2002
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The innate immune response protects against extracellular pathogens and utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which in turn recognize molecularly conserved components known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).  Heterophils are essential mediators of the innate immune response in neonatal chickens; however, the induction of functional  activity by diverse pathogens is not fully understood.  The ability of either formalin killed gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis [FKSE] and lipopolysacharide [LPS]) or gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus [FKSA] and lipoteichoic acid [LTA]) to promote degranulation in heterophils isolated from neonatal chicks were evaluated. For these experiments, immune IgG opsonized SE, which is known to stimulate degranulation through the Fc receptor, was used as a positive control. The response generated by FKSE, LPS, FKSA, and LTA was 84%, 84%,  94%, and 92%, respectively, lower than the opsonized SE control.  However, despite the marked decrease in degranulation when compared to the positive control, the FKSE and LPS did promote a significant increase in degranulation when compared to the non-stimulated heterophil control (p = 0.02 and 0.009, respectively).  However, neither the gram-positive bacteria nor LTA stimulated a degranulation response.  Therefore, there is a distinct functional difference in the ability of gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria to stimulate the bactericidal activity of degranulation in heterophils isolated from day old chickens.


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