NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

AMANUEL MESERET KELETA, 

Petitioner, 

 v. 

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General, 

Respondent.

No. 19-71354 

Agency No. A216-182-646 

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted May 20, 2020**

Before: SCHROEDER, CANBY, and TROTT, Circuit Judges.

Amanuel Meseret Keleta, a native and citizen of Ethiopia, petitions pro se 

for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his

appeal from an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his application for 

asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture. 

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny his petition. 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

MAY 22 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 19-71354 

We review for substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings, using the 

standards governing adverse credibility determinations created by the REAL ID 

Act.1 Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039-40 (9th Cir. 2010).

The BIA affirmed the IJ’s factual findings and determination that Keleta was 

not credible. The IJ grounded his determination on (1) material inconsistencies 

between Keleta’s testimony in court and his sworn interviews with a border patrol 

officer (“CBP”) and an asylum officer, (2) the IJ’s observations of Keleta’s 

demeanor and unresponsiveness to questions, and (3) a lack of corroboration for 

his story. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination. 

Keleta’s Political Affiliation

Keleta told the asylum officer conducting his credible fear interview that the 

reason behind his persecution was because “I was representative of Oromo 

Congress,” and “I am a member of the Oromo Congress.” He explained that the 

Oromo Congress is a “branch of OPDO [Oromo People Democratic Organization] 

for Oromo people,” and that he was a “representative of Oromo people at the 

1 We do not consider the materials Keleta referenced in and submitted with

his opening brief that are not part of the administrative record. See Fisher v. INS, 

79 F.3d 955, 963-64 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc). We deny Keleta’s renewed motion 

for appointment of counsel (Docket Entry 25).
3 19-71354 

Oromo Congress.”

However, during his testimony he denied he was a member of the Oromo 

Congress, claiming instead that his problems stemmed from his membership in the 

“Blue Party,” a party in opposition to the government. When the government 

confronted him with this discrepancy regarding his political affiliation, his 

explanation was, “No, I didn’t say that.”

Demeanor

The IJ also reported – with examples – that Keleta was “repeatedly 

unresponsive to direct questions by his counsel and the Department, each of whom 

were forced to repeat questions multiple times. Even when his counsel and the 

Department rephrased their questions, Respondent’s answers often did not respond 

to the questions asked.” “Notwithstanding the issues of inconsistencies, omissions 

and responsiveness,” however, the IJ looked for corroboration in the documents 

submitted by Keleta in support of his case. The IJ found nothing that would help 

him.

The IJ’s Conclusion

The IJ summed up as follows:

After reviewing the record in its entirety, the Court 

finds that Respondent failed to rehabilitate his credibility 

with corroborating evidence and meet his burden to 

demonstrate eligibility for relief. . . . Accordingly, based 

on the totality of the circumstances, the Court finds that 

Respondent was not a credible witness, and his testimony 
4 19-71354 

is therefore insufficient to carry his burden of proof under 

the standards set forth in the REAL ID Act. (Citation 

omitted).

Our Review

A petitioner who challenges an adverse credibility determination with 

respect to his testimony “bears a heavy burden” of proving that he presented 

“evidence ‘so compelling that no reasonable factfinder could find’ that he was not 

credible.” Farah v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1153, 1154, 1156 (9th Cir. 2003). 

Although an IJ must consider a petitioner’s explanations for discrepancies in his 

various statements to the authorities, he is not required “to accept such testimony 

as true.” Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040, 1044 (9th Cir. 2009). As we explained in

Rivera v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1271, 1275 (9th Cir. 2007), the lack of consistency in 

an applicant’s story may deprive his claim of the requisite “ring of truth.”

Moreover, “[t]he need for deference is particularly strong in the context of 

demeanor assessments.” Ling Huang v. Holder, 744 F.3d 1149, 1153 (9th Cir. 

2014). “[I]t would be extraordinary for a reviewing court to substitute its secondhand impression of the petitioner’s demeanor, candor, or responsiveness for that of 

the IJ.” Id.

In his petition, Keleta asks us to reconsider, to reevaluate, and to credit his 

evidence and his explanations for the inconsistencies in his story. This request is 

misdirected. We are a court “of review, not of first view.” Gonzales v. Thomas, 
5 19-71354 

547 U.S. 183, 185 (2006) (per curiam). The tasks he asks us to undertake belong 

to the IJ, not to an appellate court.

After an exacting review of the record, we conclude that the IJ supported his 

adverse credibility determination with substantial evidence stemming from (1) 

Keleta’s failure to articulate a consistent and cogent reason for his detention and 

alleged mistreatment, and (2) his demeanor. The IJ’s findings of fact on this issue

are not clearly erroneous. His written decision is thorough, well documented, and 

supported by persuasive reasoning. Accordingly, we deny Keleta’s petition for 

asylum.

Convention Against Torture

For the same reasons, in conjunction with country reports concerning 

conditions in Ethiopia, we also deny Keleta’s application for protection under the 

Convention Against Torture. He has not established a clear probability of torture 

under the new regime in his country. Shrestha, 590 F.3d at 1048-49.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.