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Title:   Author  item
                                            Baumgartner, Kendraitem
                                            RIZZO, DAVID - UNIV. OF CALIF., DAVIS
  Submitted to: Mycologia
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/12/2001
                                    Publication  Date: 10/12/2001
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary: Armillaria root disease (causal fungal agent, Armillaria mellea) affects grapevines, orchard trees, landscape trees, and native forest trees in California. Two other Armillaria species, Armillaria gallica and Armillaria nabsnona, are known to occur in California oak forests. To determine the identity and range of Armillaria species throughout the  state, we collected roots from trees in urban landscapes, orchards, vineyards, and 20 natural forest types, from which we obtained 589 cultures (isolates) of the fungus. Among our isolates, we identified four species: A. mellea, A. gallica, A. nabsnona, and North American biological species X (NABS X). Statewide ranges of each species were estimated based on distributions of forest types from which they were collected. Only A. mellea and A. gallica are widely distributed. Armillaria mellea is common in regions of the state dominated by  development, such as the Central Valley, the San Francisco Bay area, and Los Angeles. The distribution of A. gallica includes the greatest variety of forest types of all Armillaria species identified from our collection. Although it shares many forest types in common with A. mellea, A. gallica is extremely rare in developed areas. The range of A. nabsnona appears to be restricted to northern redwood forests. NABS X was only identified in high elevation red and white fir forests of the southern Cascades.
                                Technical Abstract: To determine the identity and distribution of Armillaria species in California, we collected 589 isolates from managed areas (urban landscapes, orchards, and vineyards) and 20 natural forest types.  From our collection of isolates, we identified A. mellea, A. gallica, A. nabsnona, and North American biological species X (NABS X).  Statewide ranges of each species  were estimated based on distributions of forest types from which they were collected.  Only A. mellea and A. gallica are widely distributed in California; A. nabsnona and NABS X appear to have restricted ranges. Armillaria mellea is common in most regions of the state dominated by development, such as the Central Valley, the San Francisco Bay area, and Los Angeles.  It was the only species, with the exception of a single isolate of NABS X, isolated from symptomatic hosts, including both forest trees and planted hosts.  Armillaria mellea does cause mortality in  California forests, but large disease centers are rare.  The distribution of A. gallica in California includes the greatest variety of forest types of all Armillaria species identified from our collection.  Although it shares many forest types in common with A. mellea, A. gallica is extremely rare in developed areas.  The range of A. nabsnona in California appears to be restricted to northern redwood forests.  NABS X was only identified in high elevation red and white fir forests of the southern Cascades.


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