STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

GINA D. COCHRAN, FILED 

May 7, 2018 Claimant Below, Petitioner EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
 

OF WEST VIRGINIA
 vs.) No. 17-0722 (BOR Appeal No. 2051821) 

 (Claim No. 2014029645) 

WEST VIRGINIA UNITED HEALTH SYSTEM, 

Employer Below, Respondent 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Gina D. Cochran, by William C. Gallagher, her attorney, appeals the decision 

of the West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review. West Virginia United Health 

System, by Katherine Arritt and Jeffrey Brannon, its attorneys, filed a timely response. 

The issues on appeal are whether cervical radiculopathy and cervical stenosis should be 

added as compensable components of the claim and whether the proposed medical treatment is 

due to the injury. On January 11, 2016, the claims administrator denied a request to add cervical 

radiculopathy and cervical stenosis as compensable components of the claim. On February 24, 

2016, the claims administrator denied a request for authorization of EMG/NCS testing of the 

right shoulder and denied authorization for cortisone injections. The Office of Judges reversed 

the claims administrator’s January 11, 2016, decision and added cervical sprain/strain and 

cervical radiculopathy as compensable components of the claim. The Office of Judges also 

reversed the claims administrator’s February 24, 2016, decision and authorized the requested 

medical treatment. In its July 18, 2017, Order, the Board of Review affirmed the addition of 

cervical sprain as compensable, reversed the addition of cervical radiculopathy as a compensable 

condition, and reversed the authorization for the EMG/NCS testing. The Court has carefully 

reviewed the records, written arguments, and appendices contained in the briefs, and the case is 

mature for consideration. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

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presented, the Court finds that the Board of Review’s decision is based upon an erroneous 

conclusion of law, in part. This case satisfies the “limited circumstances” requirement of Rule 

21(d) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure and is appropriate for a memorandum decision rather 

than an opinion. 

Gina Cochran, a sonographer, was injured on April 5, 2014, when she was performing an 

ultrasound on a patient. She completed a report of injury on April 8, 2014, which shows she 

injured her shoulder girdle on April 5, 2014, when she was assisting a patient off an exam table 

and the patient reared back, causing resistance. She experienced sharp pain in her right shoulder 

area. The physician section of the form was completed by George Tokodi, D.O. He diagnosed a 

right shoulder sprain and subscapular bursitis in the right shoulder. The claims administrator held 

the claim compensable for a right shoulder sprain on April 22, 2014. 

Prior to the April 5, 2014, injury, on May 22, 2009, Ms. Cochran had an MRI of the right 

shoulder which showed broad posterior spurs with accompanying discs at the mid and lower 

cervical spine resulting in moderate central canal stenosis at C3-C4 and C4-C5 and mild central 

canal stenosis at C5-C6. In a June 1, 2009, typed statement, Ms. Cochran noted she was 

performing ultrasounds on April 23, 2009, when she began to experience pain in her shoulder 

girdle and neck. In a first report of injury also dated June 1, 2009, Ms. Cochran alleged she was 

injured on April 23, 2009, due to repetitive motion when she was performing ultrasounds. She 

alleged injuries to her right shoulder, cervical spine, right scapula, and right humerus. 

On April 29, 2014, Dr. Tokodi injected Ms. Cochran’s right shoulder with Depo-Medrol. 

He noted she had a good response following the injection. He also noted he would need to 

perform an MRI if she continued to have problems. An August 1, 2014, right shoulder MRI 

revealed mild tendinopathy, a full-thickness anterior supraspinatus tear, possible mild partial 

thickness articular surface tear of the more posterior supraspinatus, and infraspinatus tendons 

with small subacromial subdeltoid bursa effusion. Comparison was made to a May 22, 2009, 

right shoulder MRI. The mild tendinopathy was seen on the previous study. However, the 

anterior supraspinatus tear was new, as was the possible mild partial-thickness articular surface 

tear. 

Ms. Cochran underwent a right shoulder arthroplasty with subacromial decompression on 

November 20, 2014. The pre and post-operative diagnosis was right shoulder impingement. On 

April 27, 2015, the claims administrator authorized Dr. Tokodi’s request to add sprain/strain to 

the scapula, trapezoid muscle, and subscapular bursitis to the claim. The compensable diagnoses 

now included right shoulder sprain/strain, right scapula sprain/strain, right rotator cuff tear, right 

trapezoid sprain/strain, and right subscapular bursitis. 

A June 18, 2015, cervical MRI showed severe degenerative changes from C3 through C7 

with large disc osteophyte complexes resulting in moderate to severe central canal narrowing and 

severe bilateral neuroforaminal narrowing at most levels. The claims administrator denied Ms. 

Cochran’s request to add cervical disc herniation as a compensable condition on August 21, 

2015. In an October 5, 2015, letter, Dr. Tokodi stated that Ms. Cochran had underlying cervical 

stenosis prior to her work injury. The cervical stenosis became symptomatic as a result of 

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increased use of her neck due to the inability to use her shoulder. She now had radicular pains 

down the right arm. Therefore, cervical radiculopathy and cervical stenosis should be added to 

the claim. 

In a November 11, 2015, Diagnosis Update, Dr. Tokodi diagnosed cervical 

radiculopathy, cervical disc degeneration, spinal stenosis, and neck sprain. He noted Ms. 

Cochran continued to have pain in her right shoulder girdle and neck radiating down her right 

arm. Her cervical stenosis was asymptomatic prior to the injury, but she had developed cervical 

radiculopathy due to the increased use of her neck to compensate for her right shoulder. The 

MRI showed worsening of the spinal stenosis since the injury. 

Prasadarao Mukkamala, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation on 

December 31, 2015. He diagnosed a rotator cuff sprain of the right shoulder that had been 

treated with subacromial decompression. He did not believe Ms. Cochran had an impairment as a 

result of the injury. He opined that the cervical stenosis was a degenerative condition and that 

cervical stenosis can cause cervical radiculopathy. Dr. Mukkamala found no objective evidence 

of radiculopathy. He opined that the cervical symptoms and cervical spondylosis were not related 

to the injury. Cervical stenosis is a degenerative condition. Dr. Mukkamala did not believe a 

neurosurgical consultation was necessary. He recommended Ms. Cochran participate in a selfadministered stretching program for the neck and upper extremities. 

The claims administrator denied a request to add cervical radiculopathy and cervical 

stenosis as compensable components of the claim on January 11, 2016. In a written note dated 

January 20, 2016, Dr. Tokodi recorded his disagreement with Dr. Mukkamala’s opinion. Dr. 

Tokodi opined that Ms. Cochran had impingement of the shoulder and cervical radiculopathy, 

caused by the cervical stenosis. After the initial shoulder injury, she over-compensated and the 

cervical stenosis became symptomatic. Overcompensating with excessive movement in the neck 

aggravated the nerve roots going into the arm. She did not have the symptoms prior to the injury. 

On February 16, 2016, in response to a grievance regarding the January 20, 2016, denial 

of the EMG/NCS testing, a re-review was completed. The claims administrator denied the testing 

on re-review as Ms. Cochran was at maximum medical improvement according to Dr. 

Mukkamala’s December 31, 2015, report. EMG/NCS nerve testing performed on February 17, 

2016, revealed moderate right carpal tunnel and chronic C8 and possible C7 radiculopathy on the 

right. In response to a grievance regarding the January 20, 2016, denial of cortisone injections, a 

re-review was completed on February 24, 2016. The claims administrator denied the cortisone 

injections on re-review Ms. Cochran had reached maximum medical improvement according to 

Dr. Mukkamala’s December 31, 2015, report. 

On March 11, 2016, Daryl Sybert, D.O., performed an orthopedic spine consultation. He 

diagnosed neck pain with underlying cervical stenosis with radicular right arm pain. On March 

21, 2016, Ms. Cochran was seen by Kelly Lindsay, M.D., for complaints of neck and right upper 

arm pain. Dr. Lindsay diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical radicular pain. He also 

opined she could have a brachial neuritis. In his opinion, Ms. Cochran needed to take care of the 

carpal tunnel syndrome as that was her biggest problem. 

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On March 24, 2016, Dr. Tokodi saw Ms. Cochran for follow-up. He noted she 

complained of pain and numbness in her right hand. The numbness started at her elbow and went 

to her wrist on the thumb side and appeared to be in a C5 and C6 distribution. He diagnosed right 

carpal tunnel syndrome and recommended a carpal tunnel release. 

James Dauphin, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation on April 4, 2016. In 

his opinion, the neck pain was secondary to the right shoulder condition, since Ms. Cochran had 

been using the neck to assist in lifting the right arm since the injury. Additionally, the 

degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine could be the result of repetitive motion and from 

the constant activity of holding her right arm up. Dr. Dauphin opined that the shoulder injury 

aggravated the pre-existing degenerative changes in the spine.

 On May 4, 2016, Dr. Tokodi opined that when Ms. Cochran injured her right shoulder on 

April 5, 2014, she aggravated her cervical spondylosis. She injured her shoulder in 2009, but had 

been asymptomatic prior to the 2014 injury. On May 19, 2016, Dr. Tokodi noted Ms. Cochran’s 

shoulder seemed to be doing fine, but she had radicular pain from the forearm into the thumb. He 

diagnosed a sprain of the right shoulder and persistent cervical radiculopathy. 

Dr. Sybert evaluated Ms. Cochran on July 7, 2016. He diagnosed right upper extremity 

cervical radiculopathy with multilevel disc degeneration, spondylosis with primarily left-sided 

foraminal stenosis a C3-C7 and EMG-positive C8 or C7 radiculopathy. He recommended 

another cervical MRI. A July 11, 2016, cervical spine MRI revealed broad posterior spurs with 

accompanying disc material at C3-C4, C4-C5, and C5-C8, with moderate to severe canal 

stenosis. The findings were similar to the June 18, 2015, MRI findings. M. Barry Louden, M.D., 

performed EMG and NCS studies on July 15, 2016, which revealed slight improvement in the 

right carpal tunnel syndrome and moderate left carpal tunnel syndrome. The mild to moderate 

chronic radiculopathy was unchanged. 

ChuanFang Jin, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation on August 23, 2016, 

for the compensable diagnosis of right shoulder sprain/strain. Ms. Cochran presented with a chief 

complaint of right shoulder pain. Dr. Jin diagnosed right shoulder pain; degenerative right 

shoulder disease with radiographic evidence of a tiny full thickness rotator cuff tear and a partial 

cuff tear; degenerative arthrosis of the right shoulder with impingement, status post-surgical 

decompression; and radiographic evidence of severe/advanced degenerative cervical spine 

disease with multiple levels of spinal stenosis. In Dr. Jin’s opinion, the medical evidence 

indicated that Ms. Cochran’s symptoms were more likely from advanced cervical spine disease 

with neurological involvement. Dr. Jin opined that the spinal stenosis was not caused by the 

injury of April 5, 2014, but was the result of degenerative disease of the cervical spine. She 

further opined that the radiculopathy was the direct result of the degenerative disease of the 

cervical spine, as exhibited by the 2009 and 2016 MRIs. Pulling by a patient, Ms. Cochran’s 

mechanism of injury, will not cause degeneration, nor will it accelerate the degenerative process. 

In Dr. Jin’s opinion, the radiculopathy was the direct result of the degenerative disease. A 

cervical strain does not cause radiculopathy because it does not change the bony structure or 

ligament structure of the spine. 

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On October 13, 2016, Ms. Cochran was seen by Thomas Mroz, M.D., at Cleveland Clinic 

for scapular pain with radiation to the ulnar digits. Ms. Cochran provided a history of having 

daily posterior interscapular pain and paresthesia with radiation to her right shoulder which had 

become more intense over the last two years following her work injury. Dr. Mroz suggested that 

Ms. Cochran allow her C7-T1 epidural block to wear off and then proceed with a diagnostic 

anesthetic block to the right C6 and C7 nerve roots. If the blocks improved her pain, Dr. Mroz 

would recommend right C5-C6 and C6-C7 laminoforaminotomies. 

In its January 11, 2017, Order, the Office of Judges examined the claim in light of Gill v. 

City of Charleston, 236 W.Va. 737, 783 S.E.2d 587 (2016), stating that a pre-existing condition 

could not be held compensable, but a new injury or aggravation of the pre-existing condition 

could be held compensable. It determined that the mechanism of injury described by Ms. 

Cochran could have caused a cervical sprain/strain and that a preponderance of the evidence 

supported the addition of cervical sprain/strain as a compensable condition. Therefore, it found 

the cervical strain compensable. The Office of Judges then moved on to the compensability of 

the cervical radiculopathy. It relied on the opinion of Dr. Dauphin who opined that Ms. Cox’s 

shoulder limitations caused her to use her neck more, which aggravated the pre-existing 

conditions. It found that the radiculopathy was a new condition which was the result of the 

aggravation of Ms. Cochran’s pre-existing degenerative changes in the cervical spine. As such, 

the Office of Judges found the cervical radiculopathy compensable. It also found that the 

aggravation of the pre-existing spinal stenosis was not compensable. 

The Office of Judges then turned to the issue of the request for authorization of medical 

treatment including a cortisone injection and EMG/NCS testing. Because it found the claim 

compensable for a cervical sprain/strain and cervical radiculopathy, it found the requested 

medical treatment was medically related and reasonably required. Therefore, the Office of 

Judges authorized the treatment. It also ordered reimbursement for the EMG/NCS testing, as Ms. 

Cochran had moved forward with having the testing done and had paid for it herself. 

On February 24, 2017, the claims administrator held the claim compensable for a right 

shoulder sprain/strain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical sprain/strain. In a separate Order, the 

claims administrator authorized the cortisone injection of the right shoulder and an EMG/NCS of 

the right shoulder. 

On July 18, 2017, the Board of Review adopted the Office of Judges’ findings of fact, but 

did its own analysis and made its own conclusions of law. It affirmed the addition of cervical 

sprain/strain as a compensable condition and the authorization of the cortisone injection. It 

reversed the addition of cervical radiculopathy as a compensable component of the claim as well 

as the authorization for the EMG/NCS testing. The Board of Review also relied on Gill v. City of 

Charleston. However, it found that Ms. Cochran had pre-existing cervical stenosis and that the 

MRI findings from 2009 and 2015 were unchanged, other than the central canal stenosis may 

have been “somewhat worse” at C5-C6. Therefore, the Board of Review determined the medical 

evidence did not prove that the cervical stenosis and cervical radiculopathy were compensable 

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due to the injury. As the cervical radiculopathy was not compensable, the EMG/NCS testing was 

also denied. 

After review of the evidence of record and consideration of the parties’ arguments, we 

find that the Board of Review’s decision was based on an erroneous conclusion of law. We agree 

with the Office of Judges as affirmed by the Board of Review that the claim is compensable for a 

cervical sprain/strain and that the cortisone injections should have been authorized. We also find 

the condition of cervical radiculopathy compensable. The aggravation of the stenosis, a preexisting degenerative change, is not compensable. Ms. Cochran developed the cervical 

radiculopathy after the April 5, 2014, injury, due to her need to compensate for the inability to 

use her right shoulder. As the Office of Judges thoroughly explained, the evidentiary record 

supports the addition of cervical radiculopathy as a compensable condition. It also supports the 

compensability of the requested EMG/NCS testing. 

For the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the Board of Review is based upon 

an erroneous conclusion of law. Therefore, the decision of the Board of Review is reversed and 

remanded, in part, and the Office of Judges’, Order shall be reinstated. 

 Reversed and Remanded. 

ISSUED: May 7, 2018 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Robin J. Davis 

Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

DISQUALIFIED: 

Justice Elizabeth D. Walker 

DISSENTING: 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

I dissent from the majority’s decision to reinstate the Office of Judges’ order holding the 

claim compensable for cervical radiculopathy and authorizing an EMG/NCS. It is undisputed 

that prior to the work-related injury, the claimant suffered from cervical stenosis, a degenerative 

condition that causes cervical radiculopathy. In Gill v. City of Charleston, 236 W.Va. 737, 783 

S.E.2d 857 (2016), this Court held: 

A noncompensable preexisting injury may not be added as a 

compensable component of a claim for workers' compensation 

medical benefits merely because it may have been aggravated by a 

compensable injury. To the extent that the aggravation of a 

noncompensable preexisting injury results in a discreet new injury, 

that new injury may be found compensable. 

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In this case, there was no evidence that the claimant’s April 5, 2014, injury aggravated her 

preexisting degenerative disease resulting in a discreet new injury. In that regard, Dr. Pasadarao 

Mukkamala found no objective evidence of radiculopathy. Moreover, Dr. ChuanFang Jin, M.D. 

explained that the type of injury suffered by the claimant–a sprain/strain cause by pulling on a 

patient–will not accelerate degenerative disease. She indicated that cervical radiculopathy is the 

direct result of degenerative disease in the cervical spine which was observed in MRIs of the 

claimant both before and after her work-related injury. Dr. Jin further explained that cervical 

strain does not cause radiculopathy. In sum, the evidence in the record does not support a 

compensability finding for the claimant’s cervical radiculopathy pursuant to Gill. Because the 

cervical radiculopathy is not compensable, the EMG/NCS should not have been authorized. 

Therefore, I would have affirmed the Board of Review’s decision. 

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