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Title:   Author  item
                                            MORALES, JUAN - HEREDIA, COSTA RICAitem
                                            CHAVES, AIDA - HEREDIA, COSTA RICAitem
                                            VISVESVARA, G - CDCP ATLANTA, GAitem
                                            Dubey, Jitender
  Submitted to: Veterinary Parasitology
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 3/10/2006
                                    Publication  Date: 6/6/2006
                                    Citation: Morales, J.A., Chaves, A.J., Visvesvara, G.S., Dubey, J.P. 2006. Naegleria fowleri-associated encephalitis in a cow from costa rica. Veterinary Parasitology. 139:221-223.Interpretive Summary: Species of  the protozoa Naegleria, Acanthameba, and Balamuthia are soil amoebae that can cause encephalitis in animals and humans. Of these, Naegleria fowleri is the cause of often fatal primary meningoencephalitis in humans (PAM).  Most cases of PAM in humans are fatal. N. fowleri-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a cow that was suspected to have rabies.PAM is a newly recognized disease  of cattle in the united States. Scientists at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center and CDC, Atlanta report the first case of PAM from Costa Rica. These findings will be of interest to parasitologists, biologists, and veterinarians.
                                Technical Abstract: Species of Naegleria, Acanthameba, and Balamuthia are soil amoebae that can cause encephalitis in animals and humans. Of these, Naegleria fowleri is the cause of often fatal primary meningoencephalitis in humans.  N. fowleri-associated encephalitis was diagnosed in a cow that was suspected to have rabies. Only formalin-fixed brain was available for diagnosis. There was severe meningoencephalitis involving all parts of the brain  and numerous amoebic trophozoites were present in lesions. The amoebae reacted with N. foweleri-specific   monoclonal  antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. This is the first report amoebic encephalitis in any host from Costa Rica.


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