# Patent

## Title
Wall control interface with phase modulation and detection for power management

## Abstract

A wall control interface for power management includes a transmitting circuit that generates a switching signal to control a switch and achieve a phase modulation to a power line signal in response to a transmitting-data. A receiving circuit is coupled to detect the phase of the power line signal for generating a data signal and a receiving-data in response to the phase of the power line signal. The receiving circuit further generates a control signal to control power of a load in accordance with the data signal or the receiving-data. The phase modulation is achieved by controlling a turn-on angle of the power line signal. The switch remains in a turn-on state during the normal condition, which achieves good power and low current harmonic. The phase modulation is only performed during the communication of the power management.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority benefit of U.S.A. provisional application Ser. No. 61/199,835, filed on Nov. 19, 2008. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of specification.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to power management, and more particularly to a control circuit of the power management.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a traditional approach for controlling an alternating current (AC) power to a load. FIG. 2 shows a waveform of the circuit in FIG. 1. The AC power line VAC is applied to terminal L and N of a power line, which connected to a load 95. A circuit including a thyristor 90 and a phase controller 92 is connected to the power line. The waveform of the power line signal VTR is shown in FIG. 2. The phase modulation controller 92 controls the thyristor 90 to achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal VTR. The disadvantages of this traditional approach lie in poor power and high input current harmonic, which causes a high power loss for power transmission. The present invention provides a method and an apparatus to solve this drawback. The proposed interface through the AC power line can be used for ceiling fan control, dimming control of lighting, and so on.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a wall control interface for power management. The wall control interface includes a switch coupled to an AC power line for controlling a power line signal to a load. A transmitting circuit generates a switching signal to control the switch and achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal in response to a transmitting-data. A receiving circuit is coupled to receive the power line signal for detecting the phase of the power line signal and generating a data signal in response to the phase of the power line signal. The data signal is utilized to generate a receiving-data. The receiving circuit further generates a control signal to control the power of the load in accordance with the data signal or the receiving-data. The transmitting-data is phase modulated by turning on or turning off the power line signal. The receiving-data is generated by the phase detection. The receiving-data is correlated to the transmitting-data. The phase modulation can also be achieved by controlling a turn-on angle of the power line signal. The switch remains in the turn-on state during the normal condition, which accomplishes good power and low input current harmonic. The phase modulation is only performed during the communication of the power management.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a traditional power control circuit.
FIG. 2 shows a waveform of a circuit in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a wall control interface in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a transmitting circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary circuit of a clock generator in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a phase modulation waveform of a power line signal.
FIG. 7 is a schematic block of a receiving circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a phase-detection circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of a pulse generation circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 10 shows waveforms in which a data signal is generated in response to a turn-on angle of the power line signal and a rising edge of a pulse signal.
FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a control circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a normalization circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 13 shows the receiving circuit connected to a traditional power control circuit for the power management.
FIG. 14 shows waveforms of the circuit in FIGS. 12 and 13.



DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention. The wall control interface includes a switch 10 coupled to an AC power line VAC for controlling a power line signal VLM to a load 50. The switch 10 can be a metal oxide semiconductor field effective transistor (MOSFET) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), etc. A transmitting circuit 20 generates a switching signal SW to control the switch 10 and to achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal VLM in response to a transmitting-data (DATA-IN), which is introduced later. A receiving circuit (Rx) 60 is coupled to receive the power line signal VLM for detecting the phase of the power line signal VLM and generating a data signal DO. The data signal DO is utilized to generate a receiving-data (DATA-OUT). The receiving circuit (Rx) 60 further generates a control signal SC to control the power of the load 50 in accordance with the data signal DO or the receiving-data (DATA-OUT). The transmitting-data (DATA-IN) is phase modulated by turning on or turning off the power line signal VLM. The data signal DO and the receiving-data (DATA-OUT) is generated by the phase detection. The receiving-data (DATA-OUT) is correlated to the transmitting-data (DATA-IN). FIG. 6 is the waveform of the power line signal VLM. It shows the phase modulation is achieved by controlling a turn-on angle of the power line signal VLM. The switch 10 (show in FIG. 3) remains in the turn-on state during the normal condition, which accomplishes good power and low input current harmonic for the power line. The phase modulation is only performed during the communication for parameters setting and power management.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the transmitting circuit 20 of an embodiment of the invention. The transmitting circuit 20 includes an input circuit coupled to the AC power line VAC for generating a zero-crossing signal SV. Register device (S_REG) 40 is used for storing the transmitting-data (DATA-IN) and generating a signal DI. An output circuit formed by an NAND gate 45 is used for generating the switching signal SW. The switching signal SW is coupled to control the switch 10 in response to the transmitting-data (DATA-IN) and the zero-crossing signal SV. The input circuit of the transmitting circuit 20 includes a comparator 25, a diode 21 and a voltage divider developed by resistors 22 and 23. The input circuit is coupled to the AC power line VAC to generate an input signal SIN The input signal SIN is connected to a comparator 25 to generate the zero-crossing signal SV. The zero-crossing signal SV is generated by comparing the input signal SIN with a reference signal VR. A clock generator 30 generates a clock signal CK in response to the zero-crossing signal SV. The clock signal CK is coupled to clocking the register device (S_REG) 40. The output circuit generates the switching signal SW in response to the signal DI and the clock signal CK.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary circuit of the clock generator 30 of an embodiment of the invention. A current source 31 is coupled to charge a capacitor 32. A transistor 36 is connected to the capacitor 32 for the discharge. The on/off of the transistor 36 is controlled by the zero-crossing signal SV through an inverter 35. An inverter 37 is connected to the capacitor 32. The output of the inverter 37 and the zero-crossing signal SV are connected to an AND gate 39 for generating the clock signal CK. The clock signal CK is thus generated in response to a rising edge of the zero-crossing signal SV.
FIG. 6 shows the waveform of the phase modulation of the power line signal VLM. The turn-on angle of the power line signal VLM is controlled by the pulse width TD of the clock signal CK of the clock generator 30 when the transmitting-data (DATA-IN) is logic one (1). The pulse width TD is determined by the current of the current source 31 and the capacitance of the capacitor 32 (show in FIG. 5).
FIG. 7 shows the receiving circuit 60 of an embodiment of the invention. The receiving circuit 60 includes a phase-detection circuit 70 and a control circuit 100 for generating the control signal SC. The phase-detection circuit 70 generates the data signal DO and the receiving-data (DATA-OUT) after the phase detection. The control circuit 100 generates the control signal SC in response to the data signal DO or/and the receiving-data (DATA-OUT). FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the phase-detection circuit 70. The phase-detection circuit 70 is coupled to receive the power line signal VLM for generating a data signal DO and a synchronous signal SYNC. The phase-detection circuit 70 generates the receiving-data (DATA-OUT) in accordance with the data signal DO and the synchronous signal SYNC. The synchronous signal SYNC is generated in response to the zero crossing of the power line signal VLM. The phase-detection circuit 70 includes a rectifier 71 and an attenuator developed by resistors 72 and 73. The attenuator is coupled to receive the power line signal VLM through the rectifier 71 for generating an attenuated signal SATT coupled to comparators 75 and 76. The comparators 75 and 76 receive the attenuated signal SATT and a first threshold VT1 and a second threshold VT2 respectively for generating the data signal DO and the synchronous signal SYNC respectively. The rectifier 71 can be a bridge rectifier. The rectifier 71 is coupled to receive the power line signal VLM for generating an rectification signal VIN. A pulse generation circuit 80 generates a pulse signal PLS in response to the synchronous signal SYNC. The pulse signal PLS and the data signal DO are coupled to a register device (REG) 79 for generating the receiving-data (DATA-OUT).
FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the pulse generation circuit 80. A current source 85 is coupled to charge a capacitor 90. A transistor 86 is connected to the capacitor 90 for the discharge. A flip-flop 82 generates the pulse signal PLS. The on/off of the transistor 86 is controlled by the pulse signal PLS. The synchronous signal SYNC is coupled to turn on the flip-flop 82. A comparator 87 is connected to the capacitor 90 and a third threshold VT3. The output of the comparator 87 is coupled to reset the flip-flop 82. The pulse signal PLS is thus generated in response to the rising edge of the synchronous signal SYNC.
FIG. 10 shows the data signal DO is correlation to the turn-on angle of the power line signal VLM and the rising edge of the pulse signal PLS. The pulse signal PLS indicates the availability of the data signal DO from the power line signal VLM. The power line signal VLM is correlation to the rectification signal VIN.
FIG. 11 is a schematic block of the control circuit 100 of an embodiment of the invention. The control circuit 100 includes a digital-to-analog converter (D/A) 110 for generating a first control signal VDA in accordance with the receiving-data (DATA-OUT). A normalization circuit (NORM) 150 generates a normalized signal VNR in response to the data signal DO. A low-pass filter (LPF) 180 generates a second control signal VP in accordance with the pulse width of the normalized signal VNR. The normalized signal VNR is a digital signal. A value of a high-state of the normalized signal VNR is set as a constant, which helps to generate an accurate value of the second control signal VP through the low-pass filter (LPF) 180. A comparator 120 generates a channel-control signal AON in accordance with the receiving-data (DATA-OUT), wherein the comparator 120 can be formed by a digital comparator. The output of output switches 192 and 191 are connected together to generate the control signal SC from the first control signal VDA or the second control signal VP. The output switches 192 and 191 are controlled by the channel-control signal AON. For example, the channel-control signal AON is set as logic one to enable the second control signal VP as the control signal SC when the receiving-data (DATA-OUT) are all logic one (111••11).
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a normalization circuit 150 of an embodiment of the invention. The normalization circuit 150 including switches 156 and 157 connected together to generate the normalized signal VNR. The other terminal of the switch 156 is connected to a constant signal VREF. The other terminal of the switch 157 is connected to the ground. The switch 157 is controlled by the data signal DO. The switch 156 is controlled by the data signal DO via an inverter 151.
FIG. 13 shows the receiving circuit 60 connected to a traditional power control circuit for the power management. The receiving circuit 60 generates the control signal SC from the second control signal VP in accordance with the pulse width of the normalized signal VNR, as shown in FIG. 11. The pulse width of the normalized signal VNR is correlated to the duty cycle of the power line signal VTR shown in FIG. 13. The waveforms of the power line signal VTR and the normalized signal VNR are shown in FIG. 14. When the receiving-data (DATA-OUT) are all logic 1, the comparator 120 (shown in FIG. 1) generates the channel-control signal AON to set the control signal SC as the second control signal VP. The normalized signal VNR is a digital signal and the high level of normalized signal VNR is correlation to the constant signal VREF.
Additional, the receiving circuit 60 can only generates the receiving-data (DATA-OUT), when the receiving circuit 60 is applied to the power management. Another, the receiving circuit 60 can only generates the data-signal Do, when receiving circuit 60 is applied to the receiving control circuit for a wall control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims or their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A wall control interface, comprising:
a switch, coupled to an AC power line for controlling a power line signal to a load;
a transmitting circuit, generating a switching signal to control the switch and achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal in response to a transmitting-data; and
a receiving circuit, coupled to receive the power line signal for detecting the phase of the power line signal and generating a data signal and a receiving-data in response to the phase of the power line signal, wherein the receiving circuit further generates a control signal to control power of the load in accordance with the data signal or the receiving-data, and the transmitting-data is phase modulated by turning on/off the power line signal, the receiving-data being generated by the phase detection and correlated to the transmitting-data.

2. The wall control interface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase modulation is achieved by controlling a turn-on angle of the power line signal.

3. The wall control interface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitting circuit comprises:
an input circuit, coupled to the AC power line for generating a zero-crossing signal;
a register device, storing the transmitting-data; and
an output circuit, generating the switching signal coupled to control the switch in response to the transmitting-data and the zero-crossing signal.

4. The wall control interface as claimed in claim 1, the receiving circuit comprising:
a phase-detection circuit, coupled to receive the power line signal for generating the data signal and a synchronous signal, the receiving circuit generating the receiving-data in accordance with the data signal and the synchronous signal; and
a control circuit, coupled to receive the data signal and the receiving-data for generating the control signal coupled to control the power of the load,
wherein the synchronous signal is generated in response to the zero crossing of the power line signal, and the data signal is generated in response to the turn-on angle of the power line signal.

5. The wall control interface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch is a metal oxide semiconductor field effective transistor (MOSFET) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

6. The wall control interface as claimed in claim 4, the control circuit comprising:
a digital-to-analog converter, generating a first control signal in accordance with the receiving-data;
a normalization circuit and a low-pass filter, generating a second control signal in accordance with the data signal;
a comparator, generating a channel-control signal in accordance with the receiving-data; and
output switches, coupled to the first control signal and the second control signal to generate the control signal in accordance with the first control signal or the second control signal,
wherein the output switches are controlled by the channel-control signal.

7. A power management interface, comprising:
a switch, coupled to an AC power line for controlling a power line signal to a load;
a transmitting circuit, generating a switching signal to control the switch and achieve a phase modulation to the power line signal in response to a transmitting-data; and
a receiving circuit, coupled to receive the power line signal for detecting the phase of the power line signal and generating a receiving-data, wherein the receiving circuit further generates a control signal to control power of the load in accordance with the receiving-data, and the transmitting-data is phase modulated by turning on/off the power line signal, the receiving-data being generated by the phase detection and correlated to the transmitting-data.

8. The power management interface as claimed in claim 7, wherein the phase modulation is achieved by controlling a turn-on angle of the power line signal.

9. The power management interface as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transmitting circuit comprises:
an input circuit, coupled to the AC power line for generating a zero-crossing signal;
a register device, storing the transmitting-data; and
an output circuit, generating the switching signal coupled to control the switch in response to the transmitting-data and the zero-crossing signal.

10. The power management interface as claimed in claim 7, the receiving circuit comprising:
a phase-detection circuit, coupled to receive the power line signal for generating a data signal and a synchronous signal, the receiving circuit generating the receiving-data in accordance with the data signal and the synchronous signal,
a control circuit, generating the control signal coupled to control the power of the load,
wherein the synchronous signal is generated in response to the zero crossing of the power line signal, and the data signal is generated in response to the turn-on angle of the power line signal.