U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Richards, Gary
  Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 12/1/2004
                                    Publication  Date: 6/14/2006
                                    Citation: Richards, G.P. 2004. Molecular methods to detect enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. Proceedings of Molecular Methods to detect enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish. p.43-49.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Enteric virus-contaminated molluscan shellfish continue to cause illness throughout the world.  The advent of molecular biological methods has enhanced the ability to detect many of these viruses.  Prior to analysis, viruses must be extracted from shellfish tissues and concentrated.  We developed a method to extract and concentrate the RNA from hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses and from noroviruses isolated from oysters and clams.  The concentrated RNAs are then assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the presence of PCR product signals virus presence.  The RT-PCR method works well on the hepatitis viruses which have conserved genomes, but fails to amplify many of the noroviruses which have highly diverse genomes. We developed real-time RT-PCR (rt RT-PCR) procedures to detect hepatitis A and E viruses.  We also developed methods to detect a wide array of genogroup I and II noroviruses using broadly reactive primers and SYBR green detection.  Product verification is rapid and simple, and is accomplished by means of first derivative melt curve data.  The extraction and assay procedures allow for the detection and semi-quantitation of noroviruses from at least thirteen different genetic clusters.  This rt RT-PCR technique has been used on stool preparations in epidemiological investigations to identify the sources of norovirus transmission and is under evaluation for use on shellfish extracts.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov