T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s not * pr e c e de nte xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3. T h e H o n o r ab le C a r lo s F . L u c e r o , C ir c u it J u d g e f o rth e T e n th ** C i r c ui t , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on.

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–A pp el l ee , v. J OS E AL F R E DO AR R E DO ND O, D e fe n d a n t– A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 30257 D. C . No . C R - 0 8 - 0 2 0 8 4 - F VS ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt F orthe E a s t e rn D i s tr i c tof W a s hi ngt on F r e d L . V a n S i c kl e , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d A pr i l 6, 2010 S e a tt l e , W a s hi ngt on B efo re: H A W K IN S , L U C E R O , an d N . R . S M IT H , C i rcu i tJu d g es. ** J o s e A lf r e d o A rr e d o n d o ap p e a ls th e d is tr ic t c o u r t’s d e n ia l o f h is m ot i on t o s uppr e s s . E xe r c i s i ng j ur i s di c t i on pur s ua ntt o 28 U . S . C . § 1291, 

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orm a nt a dvi s e d the Y a ki m a , W a s hi ngt on, P ol i c e D e pa r tm e nttha tM a gda l e na D uenas w as pl anni ng t o tra nspo rtA rr edon do , and thatthere w er e o u ts ta n d in g a rr e s t w a rr a n ts f o r h is a rr e s t. S h e s ta te d D u e n a s w a s g o in g to le a v e f r o m as p e c if

ic b lo c k in Y a k im ath a t e v e n in g , p ic k u p A rr e d o n d o a t a spec i fi c c on veni ence st ore i n T op peni sh, and return t o Y aki m a. S he further i nf orm e d pol i c e tha tD ue na s w oul d be dr i vi ng abl ue C a di l l a c s e da n w i th a l i ce nse pl at e num ber “ si m i l art o” 09 7-W W T . T hi s i nform anthad p r e v io u s ly w o rk e d w ith th e p o lic e , a lw a y s p r o v id in g r e liab le in f o rm a tio n . A f t e rc onf i rm i ng tha tA rr e dondo ha d out s t a ndi ng a rr e s tw a rr a nt s on fe l on y a nd m i sdem ea no r c harges , po l i ce foun d and fol l ow ed the C adi l l ac f r o m th e s p e c i f

i e d Ya k i m ab l o c k t o th e s p e c i f i e d c o n v e n i e n c e s t o r e . An off i c e rw ho kne w D ue na s by s i ghtc onf i rm e d s he w a s dr i vi ng the c a r . T he o ff ic e r s d id n o t o b s e rv e a n y o n e e n te r in g th e c a ra t th e c o n v e n ie n c e s to r e . B utt en t o fi ft ee n m i nu t es l at er , the ca r tra vel ed abou ton e m i l e, w here pol i c e obs e rve d i tpa rke d on the s tr e e t . E ve n though the y s a w the pass enger doo r open and cl ose, the offi ce rs coul d n otob se rve w hether an yo n e en t ered th e car d u e t o th ei r d i st an ce fro m th e car an d d ark n ess.A rr e d o n d o a ls o s ta te s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u r t e rr e d in d e n y in g h is 1 m o tio n to c o m p e l d is c lo s u r e o f th e c o n f

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u lly d e v e lo p th is a r g u m e n t in h is ope ni ng br i e f. T hus , he ha s w a i ve d the i s s ue . S e e N a t ’ l A s s ’ n f orthe A dva nc e m e ntof

P s y c hoa na l y s i s v. C a l . B d. of P s y c hol ogy , 228 F . 3d 1043, 10 49 n. 3 (9th C i r. 20 00 ). A l tho ug h the go vernm ent ’ s a nsw erbri ef a nd A rr e d o n d o ’s r e p ly b r ie f d o p a r tia lly d e v e lo p th e is s u e , th e s e lim ite d e ff o r ts a r e in s u ff

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th e d is p u te . W e the r e f or e de c l i ne t o e xe r c i s e ourdi s c r e t i ona ry a uthor i ty t o c ons i de rthe (c o n tin u e d ...)

- 4- A f t e rthe C a di l l a c dr ove a w a y , how e ve r , a n of f i c e rpr om pt l y obs e rve d a fe m a le in th e d r iv e r ’s s e a t a n d am a le in th e p a s s e n g e r ’s s e a t. P ol i ce e ve ntua l l y s t oppe d the C a di l l a c a nd f ound A rr e dondo i ns i de , a l ong w i th a n in e - m illim e te rp is to l. A rr e d o n d o w a s in d ic te d f o rb e in g afe lo n in p o s s e s s io n o f af ir e a rm in vi ol at i on of 18 U . S . C . § 9 22 (g)( 1). H e m ov ed t o sup pres s the fi re arm as the f rui tof a n unl a w f

ul de t e nt i on a nd t o c om pe l di s c l os ur e of the i n fo rm an t ’ s i d en t i ty. A ft er th e d i stri ctco u rtd en i ed b o th m o t i o n s, A rr edon do ent er ed a c on di t i on al pl eaof gu i l ty, re se rvi ng hi s r i gh tt o app ea l the di stri ctcourt ’ s pre l i m i naryrul i ng s. H e w as se nt ence d t o thi rty- se ven m o n th s ’ im p r is o n m e n t. II T he s ol e i s s ue w e m us tc ons i de ron appe a l i s w he the rpol i c e ha d a re as on abl e, art i cul abl e s uspi ci on thatA rr edon do w as i n the C adi l l ac . We 1( . . . cont i nued) 1 m att er . S ee U ni t ed S t at es v. U l l ah, 97 6 F . 2d 50 9, 51 4 (9th C i r. 19 92 ).

- 5- r e vi e w adi s tr i c tc our t ’ s de ni a l of a m ot i on t o s uppr e s s e vi de nc e de novo and the fa ctual fi nd i ng s und er l yi ng thatdeci si on for c l ea r e rr or. U ni t ed S t at es v. K em m i sh, 12 0 F . 3d 93 7, 93 9 (9th C i r. 19 97 ). P ol i ce m ayst op a vehi cl e thatthey r ea sonabl y s uspectca rr i es an i ndi vi dua l w i th a n out s t a ndi ng fe l ony a rr e s tw a rr a nt . S e e U ni t e d S t a t e s v. H e ns l e y , 469 U . S . 221, 229 ( 1985) ; U ni t e d S t a t e s v. P a t c h, 114 F . 3d 131, 134 ( 9th C i r . 1997) . R e a s onabl e s us pi c i on e xi s t s i f “ s pe c i f i c a nd art i cu l ab l e fact s w h i ch , t ak en t o g eth er w i th rat i o n al i n feren ces fro m th o se f a c t s , r e a s onabl y w a rr a nttha ti ntrus i on. ” T e rry v. O hi o, 392 U . S . 1, 21 (196 8). W e l oo k t o the t ot al i ty of the ci rc um st ance s t o d et erm i ne w hether a t i p p rovi des l aw enforce m entw i th a re as on abl e s uspi ci on of cr i m i nal a c t i v i ty . Un i t e d S t a t e s v . R o wl a n d , 4 6 4 F . 3 d 8 9 9 , 9 0 7 ( 9 th C i r . 2 0 0 6 ) . An i nf orm a nt ’ s r e l i abi l i ty i s as i gni f i c a ntf a c t ori n thi s a na l y s i s . I d. a t907- 08. W e c o n c lu d e th e tip d id p o s s e s s s u f f ic ie n t in d ic iao f

r e liab ility to j us t i f y the s t op. W he n at i p c ont a i ns pr e di c t i ve de t a i l s tha ta r e ( 1) not e a s ily p r e s a g e d a n d ( 2 ) la te rv e r if ie d b y la w e n f

o r c e m e n t, th e tip its e lf “d e m o n s tr a te [ s ] in s id e in f o rm a tio n — as p e c ia l f a m ilia r ity w ith [ th e ] . . . a ff a i r s ” of the s ubj e c tof

the t i p. A l aba m av. W hi t e , 496 U . S . 325, 332B ec ause the t i p p rovi ded reas on abl e s uspi ci on , i ti s i rr el evantthat 2 offi ce rs di d n otvi sual l y i dent i fythe ca r’ s pas se ng erbefore the st op . T erry m e r e l y r e qui r e s ar e a s onabl e s us pi c i on of c r i m i na l a c t i vi ty ba s e d on spec i fi c, art i cul abl e f

ac t s. U ni t ed S t at es v. S ok ol ow , 49 0 U . S . 1, 7 (19 89 ).

- 6- ( 1 9 9 0 ) . O ff

ic e r s a r e e n title d to p r e s u m e “th a t b e c a u s e a n in f o rm a n t is s h o w n to b e r ig h t ab o u t s o m e th in g s , h e is p r o b ab ly r ig h t ab o u t o th e rf a c ts thathe has a l l eged, i ncl ud i ng the cl ai m thatthe obj ec tof the t i p i s e ng aged i n cri m i n al act i v i ty, ” ev en i f “ n o tev ery d et ai l m en t i o n ed b y th e t i p st er [i s] ve r i f i e d. ” I d. a t331. A m ong the w i de r a nge of de t a i l s pr ovi de d i n thi s c a s e , a l l butone of the pr e di c t i ve de t a i l s w e r e ve r i f i e d. T hi s m y r i a d of

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i c i e ntt o de m ons tr a t e tha tthe t i ps t e rha d r e l i abl e i ns i de i n fo rm at i o n reg ard i n g th e affairs of D u en as an d A rred o n d o . T h i s i s so n o tw ith s ta n d in g h e rm in o re rr o rr e g a r d in g th e lo c a tio n o f th e p ic k u p . C ons e que nt l y , the T e rry s t op w a s j us t i f i e d. 2 III F or the foregoi ng re as on s, w e AF F I RM .