U.S. flagAn official website of the United States government
                    Here's how you know **Official websites use .gov**
                            
                            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
 **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
                            
                            A **lock** (                            
                              A locked padlock                                                      
                            
                            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Menu Agricultural Research Service
						
                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
 close



Research
                Research Home
                            National Programs
                            Research Projects
                            Scientific Manuscripts
                            International Engagement
                            Scientific Software/Models
                            Databases and Datasets
                            Office of Scientific Quality Review
            Media
                News & Features
                            Multimedia
                            Briefing Room
                            Down on the Farm
                            Press Room
                            Science in Your Shopping Cart
                            Scientific Discoveries
                            Tellus
                            Under the Microscope
            About ARS
                About ARS Home
                            Staff Directory
                            Labs and Research Centers (Map)
                            Headquarter Offices
                            Organizational Chart
                            Employee Services (REE Employees Only)
                            Office of Outreach, Diversity, and Equal Opportunity
            Work With Us
                Work With Us Home
                            ARS Vacancies at USAJOBS
                            Careers at ARS Information
                            Scientific Collaborations
                            Extramural Agreements
                            1890 Faculty Research Sabbatical ProgramSearch small
                    Search
            
            ARS Home
                                About ARS
                                Contact Us




ARS Home Research Publications at this Location





- ARS National Programs
- Search for a scientific manuscript
- Search for a research project
- ARS Software
- Programs and Projects
- Collaborations
- Subjects of Investigation
- Publications

Title:   Author  item
                                            Wall, Marisa
  Submitted to: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 1/9/2006
                                    Publication  Date: 5/18/2006
                                    Citation: Wall, M.M. 2006. Ascorbic acid, provitamin A, and mineral composition of banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars grown in Hawaii. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis.  19:434-455.Interpretive Summary: Bananas and papayas were harvested from different locations throughout the state of Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C, provitamin A, and mineral composition. Dwarf Brazilian ('apple') bananas were more nutritious than Williams (Cavendish) bananas, having higher concentrations of vitamin C, provitamin A, and the minerals P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn. Vitamin C content was almost three times higher in Dwarf Brazilian bananas than in Williams fruit. In general, bananas are a good source of K, Mg, Cu, and Mn in the diet. Papayas can be an important source of vitamin C, provitamin A, and Mg for Pacific island populations. The average vitamin C content for papaya fruit was 51.2 mg/100 g. One cup of papaya cubes (140 g) would provide between 80% and 96% of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin C for the average adult male and female. Depending on cultivar, this same amount of papaya would provide between 3% and 9% of the DRI for provitamin A for an adult.
                                Technical Abstract: Banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars were harvested from different locations throughout Hawaii and analyzed for vitamin C (ascorbic acid), provitamin A ( ß-carotene, alpha-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin), and mineral composition. Dwarf Brazilian ('apple') bananas had almost three times more vitamin C (12.70 mg/100 g fresh weight) and 1.5 times more provitamin A (12.44 ug RAE/100 g) than Williams fruit (4.45 mg/100 g and 8.15 ug RAE/100 g). Bananas contained higher concentrations of lutein than of the provitamin A pigments, alpha- and ß-carotene. Papaya mean vitamin C content was 51.2 mg/100g, with no significant differences among cultivars. An adult female could meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) for vitamin C by consuming about three-quarters (~150 g) of a medium papaya fruit. The provitamin A content for papayas averaged 44.1 ug RAE/100 g, and ranged from 18.7 to 74.0 ug RAE/100 g. Lycopene was not detected in the yellow-fleshed cultivars, Kapoho, Laie Gold, and Rainbow, but the red-fleshed Sunrise and SunUp had 1350 to 3674 ug lycopene per 100 g. Dwarf Brazilian bananas had higher P, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn contents than Williams fruit. The average K content for Hawaii's bananas was 330.6 mg/100 g. Banana K, Ca, and Mg levels were highest in fruit harvested from Oahu, and Mn content was highest in fruit harvested from Maui. Papayas (100 g) contained 9% of the DRI for Cu, 6-8% of the DRI for Mg, but less than 3% of the DRI for most other minerals. Older soils on Kauai, Maui, and Oahu had higher Mn levels than the youngest soils on the island of Hawaii. However, soil mineral analyses were not clearly related to fruit mineral compositions, except for sodium in coastal plantations.


Return to top


Connect with ARS Sign up


ARS Home
                            USDA.gov
                            Plain Writing
                            Policies & Links
                            Civil Rights Statements
                            FOIA
                            Accessibility Statement
                            Privacy Policy
                            Non-Discrimination Statement
                            Quality of Information
                            USA.gov
                            WhiteHouse.gov