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Title:   Author  item
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Jung, Yong Sooitem
                                            Byrd Ii, James

                                                         - *Allen*item
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            Harvey, Rogeritem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/1/2004
                                    Publication  Date: 7/25/2004
                                    Citation: Anderson, R.C., Jung, Y., Byrd II, J.A., Genovese, K.J., Callaway, T.R., Edrington, T.S., Harvey, R.B., Nisbet, D.J. 2004. Novel preharvest strategies involving the use of inorganic and nitro-based compounds to prevent colonization of food producing animals by foodborne pathogens [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science. 82(Suppl. 1):81.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Foodborne diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter are of public health and economic significance. Shedding of these pathogens during production and slaughter are critical risks for contamination of products for human consumption. Consequently, strategies are sought to prevent or reduce the carriage of these pathogens in food animals before slaughter. Experimental products containing chlorate salts have been proven efficacious in reducing, by several hundred-fold, concentrations of E. coli and Salmonella in the gut of cattle, sheep, swine and poultry when administered as feed or water additives. Mechanistically, chlorate selectively targets bacteria expressing respiratory nitrate reductase activity, such as most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, as this enzyme catalyzes the reduction of chlorate to lethal chlorite. Research and development of the chlorate technology continues and a much improved product has been designed to increase passage of the active ion to the lower gut. More recently, select oxidized nitrogen compounds are being investigated as potential feed additives and while these nitrocompounds significantly reduce pathogens on their own, evidence indicates that they may most effectively be used to complement the bactericidal activity of chlorate. An attractive aspect of the nitrocompound technology is that as potent inhibitors of ruminal methanogenesis, they may allow producers the opportunity to recoup costs associated with their use. At present, neither chlorate nor the nitrocompounds have been approved as feed additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.


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