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Title:   Author  item
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Jung, Yong Sooitem
                                            Elder, Robertitem
                                            Byrd Ii, James

                                                         - *Allen*item
                                            Moore, Randleitem
                                            Harvey, Rogeritem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: International Avian Symposium
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/13/2002
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Many strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella are important pathogens affecting food producing animals. As members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, these bacteria possess respiratory nitrate reductase activity. Since most strict anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the gut of animals lack respiratory nitrate reductase, and since most known respiratory nitrate reductases also reduce chlorate intracellularly to cytotoxic chlorite, we hypothesized that a stabilized preparation containing chlorate may selectively kill E. coli and Salmonella yet remain relatively innocuous to beneficial gut bacteria. In support of this hypothesis, we found that E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 were reduced in a dose dependent manner during in vitro incubation of buffered ruminal fluid supplemented with 1.25 and 5 mM sodium chlorate. We observed a beneficial effect of intraruminal addition of an experimental chlorate product on fecal E. coli concentration. This latter observation indicates that effective quantities of the active ion passed through the rumen to the lower gut. Results from other in vivo experiments revealed a beneficial effect of an experimental chlorate preparation on reducing both the incidences and concentrations of Salmonella colonization in crops and ceca of market age broilers as well as reducing gut concentrations of Salmonella and E. coli in weaned pigs. None of the animals exhibited symptoms of chlorate toxicity with these experimental treatments.  The results presented above suggest that a novel experimental preparation containing chlorate may be useful in the preharvest control of enteric pathogens.


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