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Title:   Author  item
                                            BRAZEE, ROSS - USDA-ARS, RETIREDitem
                                            Zhu, Hepingitem
                                            MILLER, ETHAN - UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTAitem
                                            Reding, Michael

                                                         - *Mike*item
                                            Klein, Michaelitem
                                            Nudd, Barry
  Submitted to: ASAE Annual International Meeting
                                    Publication Type: Proceedings
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 4/8/2004
                                    Publication  Date: 8/2/2004
                                    Citation: Brazee, R.D., Zhu, H., Miller, E.S., Reding, M.E., Klein, M.G., Nudd, B.E. 2004. Development of harmonic radar transponders to track black vine weevil behavior in nurseries. ASAE Annual International Meeting. Paper No. 041033.Interpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: The black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius), is a major economic insect pest for growers of ornamental nursery crops and small fruits.  Development of management strategies by entomologists and growers has been hampered by a lack of behavioral information on movement of BVW within agroecosystems.  Although insects can be tracked using tag-and-release methods, the BVW is active primarily at night, cannot fly, and can be difficult to relocate.  Harmonic radar technology has been used in entomological research and was investigated for applicability to the BVW problem.  An insect-mounted, miniature transponder was developed to facilitate location in conjunction with a commercially available harmonic radar transceiver detector.  The transponder powered by a 0.917 GHz signal from the detector, when detected returns a 1.834 GHz signal to the detector.  The transponder consists of a Schottky barrier diode with an inductively loaded monopole antenna and is lightweight at about 27% of a BVW body mass.  In field trials, insects were successfully released, relocated and recovered after several days.


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