-

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SHAUNAK SAYTA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee, 

 v. 

BENJAMIN MARTIN, 

Defendant-Appellant. 

 v. 

JOHN E. COWAN, 

Respondent-Appellee,

No. 22-15611 

D.C. No. 3:16-cv-03775-LB 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

Laurel D. Beeler, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Submitted August 22, 2023**

San Francisco, California

Before: BUMATAY, KOH, and DESAI, Circuit Judges.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

AUG 24 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
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Benjamin Martin appeals the magistrate judge’s decision denying, in part,

Martin’s motion for attorney’s fees and costs under Federal Rule of Civil 

Procedure 69. The parties do not dispute that California law applies. See Perfect 

10, Inc. v. Giganews, Inc., 847 F.3d 657, 677 (9th Cir. 2017) (“Under Federal Rule 

of Civil Procedure 69[(a)(1)], district courts enforce money judgments in 

accordance with the procedures of the states where they are located.”). We have 

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We reverse the judgment.

In a previous appeal before this court, Martin was granted $46,980 in 

attorney’s fees and $392 in double costs against both Shaunak Sayta and Sayta’s 

attorney, John Cowan. Martin filed a writ of execution against Cowan in 

September 2021. After the court entered judgment on the writ, Martin took steps 

to collect the debt. Before the judgment was satisfied, Martin filed a memorandum 

of costs on October 19, 2021, claiming $25,725.03 in attorney’s fees and costs 

associated with enforcing this court’s judgment. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code 

§§ 685.040, 685.070. Cowan objected to the memorandum of costs on November 

2, 2021, two days after the deadline. See § 685.070(c) (providing that “[w]ithin 10 

days after the memorandum of costs is served on the judgment debtor, the 

judgment debtor may apply to the court on noticed motion to have the costs taxed 

by the court”).

Martin argues that the magistrate judge’s conclusions that (1) Cowan’s 
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objection was timely filed under Northern District of California Civil Local Rule 

54-2 or (2) equitable tolling would apply were erroneous.

1 We agree. 

1. Local Rule 54-2 allows for filing an objection to costs “[w]ithin 14 

days after service by any party of its bill of costs.” The general rule is that a 

court’s local rules have the force and effect of law, so long as they are not 

inconsistent with a statute or the Federal Rules. See Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 

R.R. v. Hercules Inc., 146 F.3d 1071, 1074 (9th Cir. 1998). In this case, Local 

Rule 54-2 is inapplicable because it follows Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54. 

See Civil L.R. 54-1(b). It does not apply to obtaining costs related to enforcing a 

judgment, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a), but rather to costs and attorney’s fees for 

prevailing parties, see Civil L.R. 54-2; Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(d); see also Carnes v. 

Zamani, 488 F.3d 1057, 1059 (9th Cir. 2007) (explaining that Rule 69, not Rule 

54(d)(2), applied to the plaintiffs’ fee motion). Thus, the magistrate judge erred in 

concluding that Local Rule 54-2 cured Cowan’s untimely objection.

2. “[E]quitable tolling pauses the running of, or ‘tolls,’ a statute of 

1

 The magistrate judge initially concluded that Cowan’s objection was timely filed 

pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure sections 1010.6(a)(3)(B) and 

1013(g). Following a motion for reconsideration, the magistrate judge assumed 

that Martin was correct that sections 1010.6(a)(3)(B) and 1013(g) did not apply. 

Cowan does not argue on appeal that the California Code of Civil Procedure

should apply. Thus, Cowan forfeited this issue. See United States v. Dreyer, 804 

F.3d 1266, 1277 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) (explaining that “[g]enerally, an 

appellee waives any argument it fails to raise in its answering brief”).
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limitations when a litigant has pursued his rights diligently but some extraordinary 

circumstance prevents him from bringing a timely action.” Lozano v. Montoya 

Alvarez, 572 U.S. 1, 10 (2014). The magistrate judge concluded that the

automatically generated November 2, 2021 response deadline created by the 

court’s Case Management/Electronic Case Files system (CM/ECF) when Martin 

filed the memorandum of costs would have equitably tolled the deadline. Even 

assuming that section 685.070 is subject to equitable tolling, see Gray1 CPB, LLC 

v. SCC Acquisitions, Inc., 182 Cal. Rptr. 3d 654, 666 (Ct. App. 2015) 

(“[A]ssum[ing] for purposes of argument[,] equitable tolling applies to motions as 

well as actions . . . .”), Cowan did not argue that his late filing should be equitably 

tolled. Rather, he argued that the CM/ECF generated deadline was a “court order.” 

Cowan did not and has not argued or shown that the circumstances leading to his 

failure to file his objection within 10 days were “extraordinary.” See Holland v. 

Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 652 (2010). The magistrate judge rejected Cowan’s court 

order argument and instead raised the equitable tolling remedy sua sponte. 

However, the magistrate judge never explained why CM/ECF’s automatically

generated deadline created an extraordinary reason for failing to timely respond. 

Further, the magistrate judge only suggested that Cowan’s objection was “likely” 

timely under equitable tolling. These conclusions do not satisfy the high burden 

necessary “to trigger equitable tolling.” See Miranda v. Castro, 292 F.3d 1063, 
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1066 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting United States v. Marcello, 212 F.3d 1005, 1010 (7th 

Cir. 2000)). Thus, the magistrate judge erred in concluding that Cowan’s objection 

would be timely filed under the equitable tolling doctrine. 

Because neither Local Rule 54-2 nor equitable tolling support the magistrate 

judge’s denial of Martin’s memorandum of costs,

2 we reverse and remand.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

2 Because this issue is dispositive, we need not address the other issues raised on 

appeal.