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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

MAURICE SHOATZ

Appellant No. 2558 EDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 12, 2014

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0007113-2012

BEFORE: BOWES, MUNDY AND MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JULY 15, 2016

Maurce Shoatz appeals pro se from the judgment of sentence of six 

and one-half to fifteen years incarceration imposed after a jury found him 

guilty of possession of a firearm by a prohibited person, firearms not to be 

carried without a license, and possession of a controlled substance. The trial 

court deemed all issues waived due to Appellant’s failure to properly file a 

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. We affirm. 

The facts of this case are as follows. On April 22, 2012, at 

approximately 9:50 p.m., Officer Timothy Dunne of the Philadelphia Police 

Department observed a black Chevrolet Tahoe vehicle double-parked. This 

vehicle bore a license plate with the label “indigenous native,” which the 

officer knew to be fraudulent and indicative of the “sovereign citizen” 
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movement. Shortly thereafter, Appellant exited a nearby store, entered the 

vehicle, and drove away. 

Officer Dunne initiated a traffic stop and approached the driver’s side, 

while his partner approached the passenger side. The vehicle was occupied 

by Appellant and two passengers. The windows were tinted, Appellant did 

not roll down the windows, and the officer could not observe his hands. 

When Officer Dunne opened the door of the vehicle, Appellant immediately 

handed over a card bearing the name “Banu Tallahassiy, Native American.” 

After handing over this document, Appellant reached for his waistband. 

Appellant complied with the officer’s order to place his hands on the steering 

wheel, but again reached for his waistband after telling Officer Dunne he 

would retrieve the vehicle’s registration. Fearing Appellant was reaching for 

a weapon, Officer Dunne patted down the area where Appellant was 

reaching and immediately felt a firearm. 

Officer Dunne removed Appellant from the vehicle and placed him in 

handcuffs. Appellant was asked if there were any more firearms and he 

stated there was a second gun in the car. Officer Dunne then retrieved a 

second firearm. A search incident to arrest yielded a quantity of the drug 

PCP. 

On June 15, 2012, Appellant was charged with, inter alia, the 

aforementioned crimes. On November 2, 2012, a counseled motion to 

suppress was filed. The trial court denied the motion after a March 4, 2013 
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evidentiary hearing. The court additionally held multiple hearings for 

Appellant’s Rule 600 motions seeking nominal bond.1 These motions were 

denied. On April 7, 2014, the jury returned its verdict. Appellant was 

sentenced and timely post-sentence motions were denied. 

A timely notice of appeal was docketed on September 2, 2014, which 

indicated Appellant’s desire to proceed pro se. On December 2, 2014, we 

remanded for a Grazier2 hearing. On June 3, 2015, the trial court entered 

an order finding Appellant validly waived his right to counsel. The court 

thereafter ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors 

complained of on appeal. 

On July 7, 2015, the trial court’s chambers timely received Appellant’s 

Rule 1925(b) statement, which raised forty-one allegations of error. 

However, the statement is neither listed on the court docket nor contained in 

the certified record. On November 6, 2015, the trial court issued its opinion, 

deeming all issues waived for Appellant’s failure to file the 1925(b) 

statement with the clerk of courts. 

____________________________________________

1

 Two hearings conducted May 5, 2013 and August 6, 2013 have been 

transcribed. The May transcript refers to hearings on Rule 600 motions 

conducted on December 20, 2012, and March 12, 2013. These transcripts 

do not appear in the certified record.

2

 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998). 
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The matter is now ready for our review. Appellant filed a brief raising 

the following issues, which we have renumbered for ease of discussion. 

1. Did not the trial judge err in her opinion concerning 

Appellant filing his 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on 

appeal?

2. Did the suppression court err in its decision not to 

suppress all evidence due to probable cause not being 

established by affidavit of probable cause to legally stop, search 

and seize appellant?

3. Did not the trial court err in denying Appellant’s motion to 

dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. Rule 600, in that more than 

365 days of non-excludable/non-extendable time passed before 

Appellant was brought to trial, and the Commonwealth was not 

diligent in bringing Appellant to trial?

4. Did the sentencing court have statutory authority to 

sentence Appellant?

5. Did the lower court have jurisdiction of the subject matter 

to try, convict, and sentence appellant?

Appellant’s brief at iiii. 

We begin with analyzing whether waiver applies. The trial court, citing 

Commonwealth v. Butler, 812 A.2d 631, 634 (Pa. 2002), deemed all 

issues waived due to Appellant’s failure to file the Rule 1925(b) statement 

with the clerk of courts. Trial Court Opinion, 11/6/15, at 4. In 

Commonwealth v. Schofield, 888 A.2d 771 (Pa. 2005), our Supreme 

Court reaffirmed the bright-line rule that non-compliance with Rule 1925 

results in automatic waiver. The pro se defendant therein had mailed the 
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Rule 1925(b) document to the trial judge3 but failed to docket the statement 

with the clerk of courts. Id. at 774. We affirmed judgment of sentence 

after concluding the statement was improperly filed. Our Supreme Court 

granted review to reconsider Butler’s rigid rule. The Court ultimately 

rejected the position that we may review claims even where the trial judge 

was aware of the issues the litigant intended to raise. “While we 

acknowledge the equitable appeal of granting relief in this case, we reassert 

. . . that failure to comply with the minimal requirements of Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b) will result in automatic waiver of the issues raised.” Id. at 774. 

Thus, even if the trial judge had addressed Appellant’s issues despite the 

defect, we could not overlook it. Commonwealth v. Hill, 16 A.3d 484, 494 

(Pa. 2011) (“Rule 1925(b) sets out a simple bright-line rule . . . courts lack 

the authority to countenance deviations from the Rule’s terms; the Rule’s 

provisions are not subject to ad hoc exceptions or selective 

enforcement[.]”). 

However, this does not end our inquiry as Rule 1925(c) authorizes us 

to “remand . . . for a determination as to whether a Statement had been 

filed and/or served or timely filed and/or served.” Appellant’s brief 

challenges the trial court’s conclusion that he did not file the statement by 

____________________________________________

3 The trial judge’s opinion did not indicate whether the document was 

filed in chambers within the applicable time period. 
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asserting that on June 26, 2015, he placed in the prison mailbox his 

statement, “addressed to the clerk of court, courtroom of Carolyn Nichols, 

and Hugh J. Burns, Jr. (District Attorney’s office), via first class mail.” 

Appellant’s brief at 27. We have reviewed the exhibit attached to 

Appellant’s brief, which is a prison cash slip. Exhibit A to Appellant’s brief. 

It demonstrates Appellant mailed at least two envelopes: One directed to 

“Clerk of Court, Courtroom of Carolyn Nichols, Criminal Justice Center, 1301 

Filbert Street” and the other to the District Attorney’s office.4 This document 

could arguably demonstrate that Appellant merely served the document 

upon Judge Nichols’ clerk, since the cash slip does not indicate whether 

Appellant placed two copies of the statement in the mailing sent to Filbert 

Street. The Commonwealth, on its part, asks us to accept the finding of 

waiver and states Appellant has correctly filed dozens of documents with the 

clerk of courts. Commonwealth’s brief at 11, n.5. However, this fact could 

just as easily be cast in Appellant’s favor since it establishes he successfully 

filed documents in the past. 

____________________________________________

4

 Philadelphia County’s website lists the address for filing in Criminal 

Division as the Criminal Justice Center, 1301 Filbert Street. 

http://www.courts.phila.gov/howdoi/index.asp?search=20. Additionally, the

Honorable Carolyn H. Nichols’ chambers is in the same building. Thus, 

Appellant may have sent two copies of the same document to 1301 Filbert 

Street, expecting the copies to be served upon both offices. The cash slip 

supports a finding that the statement could have been sent to the clerk of 

courts. 
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While Appellant has a tenable claim that he filed his Rule 1925(b) 

statement, which was not docketed due to a breakdown in the courts, we do 

not think remand is necessary. We are obliged to review two of the claims 

as they are non-waivable. With respect to the remaining claims, we believe 

judicial economy justifies disposing of the claims as no purpose would be 

served by remand for reasons we shall address infra.

5

We begin with the suppression claim. Appellant does not discuss 

whether the officer possessed reasonable suspicion justifying the vehicular 

stop or the subsequent patdown. Rather, he claims the traffic stop was 

invalid because a neutral magistrate did not approve it. His argument 

begins, “The suppression court erred in its decision not to suppress all 

evidence due to probable cause not being established by affidavit of 

probable cause to legally stop, search and seize Appellant.” Appellant’s brief 

at 1 (unnecessary capitalization omitted). He goes on to claim, inter alia, 

the stop was invalid because “[t]he record . . . show[s] that no District 

Justice ever entered an order issuing process in this matter.” Appellant’s 

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5

 We express no opinion as to whether Rule 1925(c)(1) requires this Court, 

in determining if remand is warranted, to review the underlying merits of 

Appellant’s pro se claims such that we may consider the ultimate likelihood 

of success upon appellate review. Nor do we definitively state Appellant’s 

exhibits constituted compliance with Rule 1925(b). 
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brief at 3. He urges us to find the reasons for the stop needed to be 

approved by a neutral judicial body: 

The point of the [F]ourth Amendment which is often not grasped 

by zealous officers, is not that it denies law enforcement the 

support of the usual inferences which reasonable men draw from 

evidence. Its protection consists [sic] in requiring that those 

inferences be drawn by a neutral and detached magistrate 

instead of being judged by the officer[.]

Appellant’s brief at 4. This argument was flatly rejected almost fifty years 

ago. As the Supreme Court of the United States observed in Terry v. Ohio, 

392 U.S. 1 (1968): 

If this case involved police conduct subject to the Warrant 

Clause of the Fourth Amendment, we would have to ascertain 

whether ‘probable cause’ existed to justify the search and 

seizure which took place. However, that is not the case. We do 

not retreat from our holdings that the police must, whenever 

practicable, obtain advance judicial approval of searches and 

seizures through the warrant procedure, or that in most 

instances failure to comply with the warrant requirement can 

only be excused by exigent circumstances. But we deal here 

with an entire rubric of police conduct—necessarily swift action 

predicated upon the on-the-spot observations of the officer on 

the beat—which historically has not been, and as a practical 

matter could not be, subjected to the warrant procedure. 

Instead, the conduct involved in this case must be tested by the 

Fourth Amendment's general proscription against unreasonable 

searches and seizures.

Id. at 1879 (citations omitted). Appellant makes no argument that the 

suppression court’s ruling is improper in light of the actual law and not the 

law as he perceives it should be, and it is waived for lack of development. 

Commonwealth v. Beshore, 916 A.2d 1128, 1140 (Pa.Super. 2007) (the 
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failure to develop an adequate argument in appellate brief may result in 

waiver). Thus, remand for a hearing is unnecessary. 

Next, we address Appellant’s argument that the Commonwealth did 

not timely bring him to trial. Dismissal is required under Rule 600 “when the 

Commonwealth fails to commence trial within 365 days of the filing of the 

written complaint, taking into account all excludable time and excusable 

delay.” Commonwealth v. Goldman, 70 A.3d 874, 879-80 (Pa.Super. 

2013). To determine whether dismissal is required under Rule 600, the 

starting point is the “mechanical run date,” which is calculated by adding 

365 days to the date criminal charges were filed. Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(a). 

Herein, Appellant was charged on April 22, 2012, and the mechanical run 

date was April 22, 2013. Appellant’s trial commenced on April 17, 2014. 

We have reviewed the existing transcripts and the motions that appear 

in the certified record. The Rule 600 motions litigated before the trial court 

requested Appellant’s release on nominal bond. N.T. Rule 600 I, 5/15/13, at 

6; N.T. Rule 600 II, 8/6/13, at 4. The trial court granted the motions but 

revoked bond on public safety grounds. At the August 6th hearing, counsel 

repeated his request for release on nominal bond and added a claim of 

complete discharge for violation of Rule 600. The ADA responded, “I have 

prepared a chart for Your Honor, which has all of the listing dates. And 

based on my calculations, we are up to 312 days.” Id. at 7. The defense 

counsel did not object to this chart, which is not in the certified record, and 
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again asked for nominal bond. Id. at 9. At the conclusion of the hearing, 

the trial court stated the trial date was within the 365 day limit when 

factoring in excludable and excusable time. Id. at 12. No other 

transcription appears in the record. Appellant has the duty to ensure the 

record is complete for purposes of appellate review. Commonwealth v. 

Gonzalez, 109 A.3d 711, 725 (Pa.Super. 2015). 

Appellant’s failure to object to the underlying calculations of the 

excludable time dooms his claims. “One must object to errors, improprieties 

or irregularities at the earliest possible stage of the criminal . . . adjudicatory 

process to afford the jurist hearing the case the first occasion to remedy the 

wrong and possibly avoid an unnecessary appeal to complain of the matter.” 

Commonwealth v. Strunk, 953 A.2d 577, 580 (Pa.Super. 2008). Thus, 

Appellant’s failure to object to the submitted time calculations or contest 

them in any way resulted in waiver. See Commonwealth v. Lopez, 57 

A.3d 74, 81-82 (Pa.Super. 2012) (litigant complaining on appeal of 

admission of evidence in trial court is limited to arguing specific objections 

lodged at trial). Accordingly, no purpose would be served by remand.

We now turn to the sentencing claim. This claim can be addressed 

even if the Rule 1925(b) statement was defective. Commonwealth v. 

Watley, 81 A.3d 108, 118 (Pa.Super. 2013) (legality of sentence questions 

are non-waivable). According to Appellant, trial judges have largely lacked 

the ability to incarcerate defendants since 1980. His argument is incoherent 
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and relies on absurd technicalities. In summary, the argument relies on the 

fact former Chapter 13 of Title 18 – Crimes and Offenses, was entitled 

“Authority of Court in Sentencing.” However, when this chapter was 

renumbered and moved from Title 18 to Title 42 in 1980, its new title reads 

“Sentencing.” In turn, Appellant contends a trial court no longer has 

authority to sentence under Title 18, and the Crimes Code “only serves the 

objective of defining what activity constitutes each criminal offense . . . since 

the court could not access the sentencing statutes found in the Crimes Code 

. . . the court had to stay within the sentencing code.” Appellant’s brief at 

31.6 Thus, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(a), the judge could only select the 

following options: 

(a) General rule.--In determining the sentence to be imposed 

the court shall, except as provided in subsection (a.1), consider 

and select one or more of the following alternatives, and may 

impose them consecutively or concurrently:

(1) An order of probation.

(2) A determination of guilt without further penalty.

(3) Partial confinement.

(4) Total confinement.

(5) A fine.

(6) County intermediate punishment.

(7) State intermediate punishment.

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6

 We take this to mean that, for example, 18 Pa.C.S. § 1103, which 

generally gives the power to sentence a convicted defendant to 

imprisonment for felony offenses, is a nullity because the Crimes Code lacks 

a chapter granting the judge authority to sentence.
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Appellant then claims that total confinement cannot justify his sentence of 

imprisonment, for reasons we cannot comprehend. “A term of 

‘imprisonment’ is merely a punishment that is based solely off of the crime 

itself. However, a sentence of ‘total confinement’ is a form of treatment 

(rehabilitation) that is based off of the results from the Pre-Sentence 

Investigation (PSI) Report,” and not the crime itself.” Appellant’s brief at 

35. 

This argument is nonsensical. We have previously noted that “Total 

confinement and imprisonment are synonyms, as is the word incarceration, 

which is obvious from the context of § 9721, since it provides for probation, 

partial confinement, county intermediate punishment and state intermediate 

punishment.” Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 884 (Pa.Super. 

2015). The judge clearly had the power to impose incarceration. Thus, the 

sentence is legal. 

Finally, we address Appellant’s averment that the trial court lacked 

subject matter jurisdiction due to the charging document’s failure to specify 

an “official, formal and specific accusation of any valid law enacted by the 

General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania[.]” Appellant’s 

brief at 21. “If there is no valid law charged, there can be no crime 

committed, and if there is no crime there can be no jurisdiction.” Id. As 

with the foregoing sentencing claim, a subject matter jurisdiction challenge 

cannot be waived. Commonwealth v. Jones, 929 A.2d 205, 210 (Pa. 
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2007) (“The Commonwealth's waiver argument, however, is irrelevant if the 

underlying challenge to subject matter jurisdiction is meritorious because 

challenges to subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived.”). 

Jurisdiction is purely a question of law and our standard of review is de 

novo. Commonwealth v. Seiders, 11 A.3d 495, 496-97 (Pa.Super. 2010). 

There are two requirements for subject matter jurisdiction as it relates to 

criminal defendants: competency of the court to hear the case, and formal 

and specific notice to the defendant. Jones, supra. Appellant does not 

contest the former requirement, and it is well-settled that controversies 

arising from violations of the criminal laws are entrusted to the jurisdiction 

of the pertinent court of common pleas. Commonwealth v. Bethea, 828 

A.2d 1066, 1074 (Pa. 2003). Appellant focuses his attack on the notice 

requirement. His complaint is that the criminal information referenced 

Purdon’s Pennsylvania Statutes (“Purdon’s”) as the source of the specific 

crimes for which he was charged. Appellant argues that, as a result, West 

Publishing, the publisher of Purdon’s, and not the legislature enacted the 

charged crimes. This claim is meritless. The criminal information herein 

clearly gave notice to Appellant of a formal and specific accusation of the 

crimes charged that enabled him to prepare any defenses. See 

Commonwealth v. Little, 314 A.2d 270, 273 (Pa. 1974). The absurdity of 

Appellant’s argument is obvious when one considers this “error” could be 

rectified by omitting any reference to Purdon’s. This is due to the well-
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known legal maxim that everyone is presumed to know the law. 

Commonwealth v. McBryde, 909 A.2d 835, 838 (Pa.Super. 2006). 

Obviously, the citation to Purdon’s simply “refers directly to sections 

assigned by the legislature in its official counterpart and not West Publishing 

Company.” Stultz, supra at 880. 

Additionally, on June 7, 2016, Appellant filed two applications with this 

Court. One seeks allowance of bail pending appeal; the other seeks an 

immediate hearing on his petition for bail pending appeal. We have no 

authority to grant bail. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 521 (bail decisions vested with 

trial court). The docket shows that Appellant filed an application for bail 

pending appeal with the trial court on April 8, 2016,. This application has 

not been acted upon. However, this motion was effectively a motion for 

reconsideration, as bail was revoked well before verdict. Therefore, he had 

no continuing right to bail. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 534 (“Unless bail is revoked, 

a bail bond shall be valid until the full and final disposition of the case, 

including all avenues of direct appeal to the Supreme Court of 

Pennsylvania”) (emphasis added). We therefore deny the applications. 

Appellant’s Petition for Allowance of Bail Pending Appeal denied. 

Appellant’s Application for Hearing on Allowance of Bail denied. Judgment of 

sentence affirmed. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 7/15/2016