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Title:   Author  item
                                            Edrington, Thomasitem
                                            Schultz, Carrieitem
                                            Bischoff, Kennethitem
                                            Callaway, Todditem
                                            Looper, Michaelitem
                                            Genovese, Kenneth

                                                         - *Ken*item
                                            Jung, Yong Sooitem
                                            McReynolds, Jacksonitem
                                            Anderson, Robinitem
                                            Nisbet, David
  Submitted to: Microbial Drug Resistance
                                    Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 11/18/2003
                                    Publication  Date: 5/3/2004
                                    Citation: Edrington, T.S., Bischoff, K.M., Callaway, T.R., Looper, M.L., Genovese, K.J., Jung, Y., Anderson, R.C., Nisbet, D.J. 2004. Antimicrobial resistance and serotype prevalence of Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle in the southwestern United States. Microbial Drug Resistance. 10(1):51-56.Interpretive Summary: Dairy cattle may contain the bacteria Salmonella that may cause human food related illness.  There are many different types of Salmonella.  Antibiotics (drugs) used to treat these bacteria may not always work because some of the bacteria are resistant to them.  The purpose of the present study was to look at the different types of Salmonella in dairy cattle and examine if these types of Salmonella are killed by antibiotics used by veterinarians and physicians.  We examined almost 400 Salmonella samples and found 22 different types.  Some antibiotics are not effective against these bacteria, however the most common types of Salmonella were killed by all the antibiotics tested.  The drugs that did not kill the Salmonella were the kind used by veterinarians, not the drugs used in humans that were able to kill the Salmonella.
                                Technical Abstract: Mature dairy cattle were sampled over a two-year period (2001 - 2002) on six farms in New Mexico and Texas.  Fecal samples were collected via rectal palpation, cultured for Salmonella, and one isolate from each positive sample serotyped.  Three isolates of each serotype, with the exception of Salmonella Newport (n = 12), were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth micro-dilution technique.  Twenty-two different serotypes were identified from a total of 393 Salmonella isolates.  Montevideo was the predominant serotype (27%) followed by Mbandaka (15%), Senftenberg (11.4%), Newport (6.4%), Anatum (4.8%) and Give (4.8%).  Salmonella Typhimurium and Dublin, two frequently reported serotypes, accounted for only 1% of the observed serotypes in this study.   Sixty-four percent of the serotypes were susceptible to all of the antimicrobials, 14% were resistant to a single antibiotic, and 22% were multi-resistant (2 to 11 types of resistance).  All isolates tested were susceptible to amikacin, apramycin, imipenem, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin.  The most frequent types of resistance were to sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin (ranging from 8.9 to 22.4%).  Serotypes demonstrating multiple resistance included Dublin and Give (resistant to 3 or more antibiotics), Typhimurium (resistant to 5 antibiotics) and Newport (4 and 2 isolates resistant to 6 and 9 antibiotics, respectively).  Class 1 integrons were present in only three isolates, two Salmonella Dublin and one Salmonella Newport.  The most prevalent resistance patterns observed in this study were for antimicrobial agents commonly used in cattle, while all Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, antibiotics used in human medicine.


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