# Patent

## Title
Web stabilization on a slip and cut applicator

## Abstract

This invention proposes a new, improved method and apparatus for applying web segments to a traveling web. Ears, or wings, are placed on a running web of disposable diapers. Because these webs are often asymmetrical or otherwise incompatible with the principle of slipping over the surface of a moving vacuum roll, the webs may float from side to side or otherwise be drawn out of square by asymmetrical forces. A vacuum groove is provided on a vacuum roll to counter these effects. Alternatively, a ridge with vacuum about the ridge is provided, also to pull a machine direction line of material into the groove or over the ridge, thereby giving the web some degree of cross-directional stability.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to disposable undergarments and more specifically, to methods and apparatuses for processing disposable undergarments.
Various types of automatic manufacturing equipment have been developed which produce the desired results with a variety of materials and configurations. This equipment generally includes slip-and-cut applicators to which this invention is principally directed.
This invention is directed primarily at slip-and-cut applicators, which are typically comprised of a cylindrical rotating vacuum anvil; a rotating knife roll; and a transfer device. In typical applications, a tape web or an ear web can be fed along a vacuum face of the rotating anvil. A knife-edge, mounted on the rotating knife roll, cuts subsequent ears from each other against the anvil face. This knife-edge is preferably moving at a surface velocity similar to that of the anvil's circumference. Once cut, the web segment is held by vacuum drawn through holes on the anvil's face as it is carried at the anvil's speed downstream to the transfer point where the web segment is transferred to the traveling web.
A common problem associated with slip-and-cut applicators occurs at the point of cut. Since the web being cut is traveling at a very low velocity compared to the anvil and knife velocity (perhaps 1/20th), the engagement of the knife with the ear web tends to induce a high tensile strain in the ear web. Having been placed under such a high level of stress, the ear web can recoil violently when the cut is finally completed, causing loss of control of the ear web. This “snap-back” effect increases with the thickness of the ear web. Thicker webs tend to prolong the duration of engagement with the knife before completion of the cut, thereby increasing the build-up of strain. This is a common process problem that is usually addressed by the provision of various shock-absorbing devices. One possible solution might have been to reduce the surface velocity of the knife, but substantially different velocities between the knife and anvil result in rapid wear of the knife edge and/or anvil face, depending on relative hardness.
Continual improvements and competitive pressures have incrementally increased the operational speeds of disposable diaper converters. As speeds increased, the mechanical integrity and operational capabilities of the applicators had to be improved accordingly. As a further complication, the complexity of the web segments being attached has also increased.
Slip-and-cut apparatus' are well known for their ability to cut relatively short segments of one web and place them accurately on another, higher speed web. Certain materials, however, behave badly in these applications. The tension pulsation caused by the cutting may cause the material to snap back, losing its natural track down the moving surface of the anvil roll. This is especially common with thick webs. Other materials, such as nonwoven fabrics, may be difficult to control because they are very porous and provide little resistance to air flow to keep the material on track. Still other materials, such as certain perforated films may possess texture qualities which tend to be very unstable on the anvil surface, acting instead like a puck on an air hockey table.
These problems are further exacerbated by using materials with a very low modulus of elasticity. Here, even very low levels of vacuum at the anvil surface may cause the material to stretch with the advancing movement of the anvil. The sudden change of tension seen when the knife cuts this over-stretched web can result in severe snap-back and complete loss of position, relative to the intended centerline. Likewise, webs with very high moduli may snap back violently when the web is cut.
An even more challenging requirement is to control an asymmetrical web, such as a diaper ear web as it passes through the slip-and-cut process. For instance, as described in co-pending application titled “High Speed Vacuum Porting” filed the same day as the present application, the ear web also encounters control difficulties. In such instances, the web has a very narrow continuous ribbon section along one edge, and carries with it a chain of die-cut ears, which must be controlled. This application does not have lines of web tension in the ear section, and while vacuum is generally required to maintain some control of the ears, any excessive draw produced by such vacuum will tend to skew the ear on the anvil as the vacuum-induced drag produced by the faster-moving anvil and felt by the ears is out of line with the ribbon segment.
It is known in the prior art to run a straight web entirely within a groove, such as in commercial embodiments of U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,513. However, this prior art does not provide the desired cross-directional control of webs wider than the groove.
It is therefore, an object of this invention to maintain cross-directional control of the ribbon segment, keeping it parallel to the target web. Likewise, any web that might tend to stray from its natural parallel entry line might benefit from the invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Ears, or wings, are placed on a running web of disposable diapers. Because these webs are often asymmetrical or otherwise incompatible with the principle of slipping over the surface of a moving vacuum roll, the webs may float from side to side or otherwise be drawn out of square by asymmetrical forces. A vacuum groove is provided on a vacuum roll to counter these effects. Alternatively, a ridge with vacuum about the ridge is provided, also to pull a machine direction line of material into the groove or over the ridge, thereby giving the web some degree of cross-directional stability.
In a typical configuration of a slip-and-cut applicator, there is a pattern of vacuum holes distributed to evenly draw the entering web onto the anvil's surface and thence into the cut point where the knife edge engages the anvil. The present invention provides a solution by means of a machine-direction groove along a line of vacuum holes at a place where the main tension lines in the in-feeding material are continuous. This groove, with its vacuum, will draw the web into the groove, thereby provide a degree of axial stiffness and a corresponding obstruction and resistance to cross-directional movement.
Such a groove is normally wider than the diameter of the vacuum holes, which fall into the groove, but is also normally kept narrow and shallow so as to avoid producing a visible wrinkle in the material. A typical width and depth might be 3 mm wide by 1 mm deep. In another embodiment, the anvil may be provided with a series of circumferential grooves, thereby providing the material with a corrugated bed of parallel grooves on which the advancing material may ride.
Still another embodiment achieves similar results by means of a raised ridge, rather than a groove. Such a ridge provides the material with the necessary obstruction and stiffness resistant to cross-directional movement. In such embodiments, vacuum holes are positioned on either side of such a ridge so as to better hold the material against said ridge.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side view of a Prior Art process;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an anvil roll of the present invention carrying an ear web;
FIG. 2a is a an ear carried by the anvil roll of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of an anvil roll of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a partial cross sectional view of an anvil roll of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an alternate embodiment of an anvil roll of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a second alternate embodiment of an anvil roll of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a partial cross sectional view of a ridge patter applied on an anvil roll of the present invention.
FIG. 5b is a partial cross sectional view of an alternate ridge pattern of the present invention.



DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the physical embodiments herein disclosed merely exemplify the invention, which may be embodied in other specific structures. While the preferred embodiment has been described, the details may be changed without departing from the invention.
Referring more particularly to the drawings there is seen in FIG. 1 a diagrammatic illustration of a prior art process for applying tabs to webs in a diaper making process. The present invention can use this prior art method of affixing the tabs 12 to the web 10, with a different anvil, the new anvil 114 described below. Web 10 is a composite material used in formation of diapers which is generally formed of various layers of material such as plastic back sheets, absorbent pads and nonwoven topsheets. A series of ears 12 are applied to web 10. In the illustrated process a rotatable vacuum anvil 14 is used to supply the ears 12 to web 10. Anvil 14 has internally reduced air pressure or vacuum (shown diagrammatically on FIG. 2), and a plurality of openings 24 are provided through its surface to enable suction of the tab segments 12 against the anvil surface 14. A web of the ear tab forming material 16 is fed by rollers 20 and 22 against the anvil surface 14 where it is cut into segments by a rotary knife 18.
In the prior art, the surface of the anvil roll 14 has vacuum holes 24 on its smooth surface. In a typical configuration of a slip-and-cut applicator, there is a pattern of vacuum holes 24 distributed to evenly draw the entering web onto the surface of anvil 14 and thence into the cut point where the knife edge 18 engages the anvil 14.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a perspective view of an anvil roll 114 is shown carrying an ear web, or forming material 16. This material 16 is comprised of two portions, 12a and 12b as shown in FIG. 2a. Segment 12a is more specifically referred to as the tab section of the ear 12, segment 12b is a ribbon section of the ear 12.
The ear forming material 16 is cut into individual ears 12 by the rotary knife 18 as shown in FIG. 1, along lines such as the dashed lines shown in FIG. 2.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a front view of an anvil roll 114 of the present invention is shown carrying an ear 12 in phantom. In this embodiment, a machine-direction groove 115 along a line of vacuum holes 24 is provided at a place where the main tension lines in the in-feeding material such as ear forming material 16 is continuous, such as the ribbon portion 12b. This groove 115, with its vacuum applied through holes 24 as shown, will draw the web into the groove 115, and thereby provide a degree of axial stiffness and a corresponding obstruction and resistance to cross-directional movement. It is preferred that vacuum holes 24 reside both within the groove 115 and outside of the groove 115 on the surface of the anvil roll 114 as shown.
Still referring to FIG. 3, anvil insert 140 is provided across the groove 115 to provide a surface to engage rotary knife 18 at the desired location. Insert 140 creates a bridge for the ribbon 12b to ride upon so that the ribbon 12b can be introduced in a cutting position relative to the knife 18 as the knife 18 is shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, insert 140 could simply be machined into the roll 114.
Referring now to FIG. 3a, a partial cross sectional view of the anvil roll 114 along line 3a-3a′ from FIG. 2 is shown. As can be seen, the groove 115 visible. A preferred embodiment of the groove 115 is that the groove 115 is slightly wider than the diameter of the vacuum holes 24, which fall into the groove 115, but is also normally kept narrow and shallow so as to avoid producing a visible wrinkle in the material. A typical width and depth might be 3 mm wide by 1 mm deep. It is also preferred that the groove 115 be wider than the ribbon 12b of the ears 12.
In operation, the ears 12 are carried by the anvil 114. The ears 12, and preferably the ribbon portion 12b, are passed over the groove 115, and drawn slightly into the groove 115. The vacuum applied to the groove 115 slightly holds the ears 115 along the ribbon 12a of the ears thereby providing stability from either non-machine direction rotation, or non-machine direction pulling or pushing.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a front view of an alternate embodiment of the anvil roll 114 of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the anvil 114 is provided with a series of radial grooves 115 in the machine direction, thereby providing the material with a corrugated bed of parallel grooves 115 on which the advancing material (not shown) may ride.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a front view of a second alternate embodiment of the anvil roll 114 of the present invention is shown. This embodiment achieves the desired obstruction and stiffness resistant to cross-directional movement by means of a raised ridge 125 (or series of ridges 125, not shown), rather than a groove 115. The ridge 115 is provided with vacuum holes 24 that are positioned on either side of the ridge 125 so as to better hold the material against said ridge 125.
Referring now to FIG. 5a, a partial cross sectional view of the anvil roll 114 along line 5a-5a′ from FIG. 4 is shown. As can be seen, the ridge 125 is visible. In this embodiment, the ridge 125 provides a spine about which cross-directional stability is added to the advancing ribbon.
Referring now to FIG. 5b, a partial cross sectional view of an alternate ridge pattern 125 is shown. In this embodiment, the ridge 125 may be dimensioned similarly to the groove 115 described previously.
In operation, similar to that described with the groove system above, the die-cut ears are applied the moving web, also similar to that shown in FIG. 1. The ears are passed on top of the ridge 125, and drawn about the ridge 125 slightly by the vacuum holes provided near to the sides of the ridge 125. This vacuum along a length of the ears thereby also provides stability from either non-machine direction rotation, or non-machine direction pulling or pushing, similar to that described with the groove system and method above.
It can be seen that either the ridge or the groove/vacuum system described above can comprise means for maintaining cross-directional stability in an advancing in-feeding web, because the in-feeding web will be provided with a degree of resistance from non-machine directional movement by the slight fixation to the machine direction vacuum holes 24.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described. While the preferred embodiment has been described, the details may be changed without departing from the invention.

## Claims

1. An anvil roll comprising:
a substantially cylindrical anvil body, said anvil body having a generally curviplanar outer surface,
at least one groove provided on said anvil body, said at least one groove extending through said outer surface of the anvil body, said at least one groove oriented in a machine direction,
a source of vacuum coupled to said anvil body;
a first plurality of vacuum holes provided on said outer surface of said anvil body, said first set of vacuum holes being outside of every at least one groove, said first plurality of holes communicative with said source of vacuum;
a second plurality of vacuum holes provided in at least one of said at least one groove, said second plurality of holes communicative with said source of vacuum;
an advancing in-feeding web positioned across said at least one groove, a portion of said web drawn into said at least one groove to provide the cross-directional stability.

2. An anvil roll according to claim 1, the anvil roll further comprising an insert across said at least one groove for engaging a cutting structure.

3. An anvil roll according to claim 1, said anvil roll further comprising an integral cutting surface across said at least one groove.

4. An anvil roll comprising:
a substantially cylindrical anvil body;
a source of vacuum coupled to said anvil body;
a plurality of vacuum holes provided on an outer surface of said anvil body, said holes communicative with said source of vacuum;
a ridge extending outwardly from said outer surface of said anvil body, said ridge oriented in a machine direction;
a plurality of vacuum holes provided proximally to said ridge, wherein at least one vacuum hole is provided on a first lateral side of said ridge and at least one vacuum hole is provided on a second lateral side of said ridge;
an advancing in-feeding web positioned across said ridge, a portion of said web drawn over said ridge to provide the cross-directional stability.

5. A method of applying ribbon to a moving web, said method comprising:
providing an anvil roll with at least one ridge, said ridge extending outwardly from the outer surface of the anvil roll;
applying vacuum to the surface of the anvil roll on a first lateral side and a second lateral side of said ridge;
passing an advancing ribbon about said ridge;
passing said ribbon about said ridge and over said vacuum;
whereby said vacuum and said ridge provide cross-directional stability to said advancing ribbon.