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Title:   Author  item
                                            Palmer, Mitchellitem
                                            Whipple, Diana
  Submitted to: Wildlife Disease Association Annual Meeting
                                    Publication Type: Abstract Only
                                    Publication Acceptance Date: 6/4/2000
                                    Publication  Date: N/A
                                    Citation: N/AInterpretive Summary:
                                Technical Abstract: Surveys of free-ranging deer in Michigan have identified the first known epidemic of tuberculosis in white-tailed deer.  Information is lacking on the transmissibility of Mycobacterium bovis among deer.  To determine the efficiency and routes of transmission between deer we exposed non-inoculated deer to deer that had been experimentally inoculated by  intratonsilar instillation of 2x10**8 CFU of M. bovis. Two in-contact deer were penned with two experimentally inoculated deer; each pen having a single source of water, hay, and pelleted feed.  Sixty-nine days after introduction, all in-contact deer manifested delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD).  All experimentally inoculated deer were removed one hundred twenty days after inoculation.  One-hundred-fifty-nine days after introduction, four new non-inoculated deer were housed with the remaining original in-contact deer rsuch that two new in-contact deer were penned with two original in-contact deer.  One-hundred days after introduction, all new in-contact deer demonstrated DTH to M. bovis PPD.  At 180 days after introduction of new in-contact deer, deer were euthanized and examined.  All in-contact exposed deer developed tuberculosis.  Lesions were most common in the lung and pulmonary lymph nodes.  Experimentally inoculated deer shed M. bovis in nasal secretions, saliva, feces, and urine.  In-contact infected deer also shed M. bovis in nasal secretions and saliva.  Hay and pelleted feed contained M. bovis at multiple times during the experiment.  Tuberculous deer efficiently transmit M. bovis to other deer in close contact.  Lesion distribution suggests aerosol transmission, however, contamination of shared feed also must be considered.


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