# Patent

## Title
Coupon payment system

## Abstract

As an alternative to bill payments made with paper checks, customers are provided with “Sign-to-Pay” payment coupons along with their bills. A customer elects to pay the bill either by check or by returning the “Sign-to-Pay” payment coupon. The coupon will not contain the customer's checking account information. However, the payment amount indicated on the coupon will subsequently be deducted from the customer's checking account. Preferably, bill payments will be made through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network which is an efficient and less expensive alternative to the traditional check clearing process.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/494,307, filed by Stanley et al. on Aug. 11, 2003 and entitled “Coupon Payment System”, which is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to electronic payment, and, more particularly, to methods and systems for providing coupon payments as an alternative to payments made with paper checks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Every day millions of bills are received in the mail and then paid by check. However, there are numerous difficulties associated with this practice. A check may be stolen in the mail and cashed by someone other than the payee. The account number may be copied from the check and later used to commit fraud. There is also considerable cost and time delay when checks are used as the payment method. The check clearing process usually takes several days, and checks must be physically handled and stored. Furthermore, many banks mail cancelled checks back to their customers, which is yet another cost involved in using checks.
In recent years, various methods have been developed to electronically make bill payments without checks. One such method is called direct deposit. In this scheme, a specified amount is deducted from the customer's checking account on a specified date, and transferred to a billing entity. However, the bill is automatically paid without review by the customer.
There are also several ways to pay recurring bills via the Internet. When a particular bill is to be paid, the bill is forwarded to a bill payment system. The bill then is either automatically paid or it is presented to the customer online and then the customer selects the bill for payment. An example of such a bill payment system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,322 to Kitchen et al., entitled “Electronic Bill Processing,” and assigned to CheckFree Corporation. Although many individuals use such bill payment systems, drawbacks include the necessity to deviate from the usual bill paying method and the requirement that the customer have Internet access. Moreover, many people feel uncomfortable about making online payments.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As an alternative to bill payments made with paper checks, customers are provided with payment coupons along with their statements. A customer elects to pay the bill either by check or by returning the payment coupon. The payment coupon will not contain the customer's checking account information. However, the payment amount indicated on the payment coupon will subsequently be deducted from the customer's checking account. Preferably, bill payments will be made through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) which is an efficient and less expensive alternative to the traditional check clearing process.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a computer-implemented method for providing coupon payments as an alternative to payments made with checks, includes the steps of determining whether a bill is eligible for coupon payment; generating a coupon for the bill, if it is determined that the bill is eligible for coupon payment; receiving the coupon from a customer, the coupon including the customer's election to make the coupon payment for the bill; and paying the bill using a check-less payment network, in accordance with information from the coupon. According to a second aspect of the invention, a bill is considered eligible for coupon payment based on bill payment history or certain characteristics of the bill. Eligible bills include utility bills, mortgage bills, credit card bills, automobile financing bills, and bills for most other types of recurring payments.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the payment coupon and the bill are mailed to the customer. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the payment coupon and the bill are included in the same envelope.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the payment coupon includes at least a portion of the customer's billing account information. According to a sixth aspect of the invention, the payment coupon includes an amount to be paid. According to a seventh aspect of the invention, checking account information is absent from the payment coupon. According to an eighth aspect of the invention, the payment coupon includes a portion to indicate election of payment by either coupon or check.
According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the check-less payment network includes the Automated Clearing House (ACH). According to a tenth aspect of the invention, a billing entity matches the customer account number against a list of eligible customer account numbers. According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, customer account numbers are encrypted. According to a twelfth aspect of the invention, the list of eligible account numbers is created by an Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI). According to a thirteenth aspect of the invention, the payment is debited from the customer's checking account.
These and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary system for paying bills using Coupon Payments;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary Coupon; and
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary embodiment of the present invention in which aspects of payment processing are outsourced.



DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Throughout the disclosure various terms and expressions are used with meanings as per the following definitions:
Automated Clearing House (ACH): a secure, private network that connects banks to one another by way of various ACH operators. This network enables electronic payments, such as automatic payroll deposits and debit card purchases, to be handled and processed. Operating details of the ACH are well-known within the financial services industry, and are documented in 2004 ACH Operating Rules & Guidelines, published by NACHA, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Originator: Any individual, corporation or other entity that initiates entries into the Automated Clearing House (ACH). An example of an Originator is a Biller that initiates bill payments from customers who have elected to use Coupon Payments to pay their bills.
Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI): A participating financial institution that originates ACH entries at the request of and by agreement with its customers.
Receiving Depository Financial Institution (RFDI): Any financial institution qualified to receive ACH entries that agrees to abide by the NACHA Operating Rules and Guidelines
It is to be understood that the present invention may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, special purpose processors, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the present invention is implemented in a high-level programming language such as C, C++, COBOL, or Java. The software of the invention is tangibly embodied on various program storage devices. The programs are uploaded to, and executed by, a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), and input/output (I/O) interface(s). The computer platform also includes an operating system and microinstruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may either be part of the microinstruction code or part of the program (or combination thereof) which is executed via the operating system. In addition, various other peripheral devices may be connected to the computer platform such as additional data storage devices, printing devices, and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) devices for reading encoded information printed on the surface of an envelope, statement, check, or coupon.
Referring to FIG. 1, a diagram illustrating an exemplary system for paying bills using Coupon Payments is illustrated. The system includes an ODFI 102, a Biller 104, a Customer 106, and an RFDI 110. The OFDI 102 is the financial institution that receives payment instructions from the Biller 104. In this capacity, the Biller 104 acts as an “Originator.” The OFDI 102 forwards entries via the ACH 108 to the RFDI 110. The RFDI 110 is the depository financial institution that participates in the ACH system to initiate entries in the Biller's 104 account. Although the diagram shown in FIG. 1 includes a single Customer 106 associated with only one Biller 104, it is to be appreciated that there will generally be several Customers 106 each associated with various Billers 104. The diagram of FIG. 1 is provided for illustrative purposes.
In operation, the Biller 104 periodically forwards customer check data to the ODFI 102. This customer check data is compiled from the bills paid by check by the Customers 106. This customer check data will include historical payment information for each bill payment made by check to the Biller 104.
(Step 1).
At the OFDI 102, the customer check data are examined to determine which bills are eligible for coupon payment in subsequent billing cycles. Coupon payment eligibility involves a determination as to whether the Customer's 106 bill payments are recurring (e.g., a periodic bill payment) and are capable of being processed through the ACH 108. If the payment is determined to be recurring, MICR information from the customer's check is then read. This information includes the customer's checking account number and routing number. This information is formatted into an ACH-format, and the ODFI 102 then runs a test to determine whether the bill could have been paid through the ACH 108. If it passes this test, the billing information and the Customer's 106 checking information are added to an entry in an “Eligible” File. (Step 2).
Next, the Eligible File is transmitted from the ODFI 102 to the Biller 104. Only bills that the Biller 104 is responsible for are provided to the particular Biller 104. (Step 3) The Biller 104 may then append coupons to the bills matched against the Eligible File, starting in the next billing cycle. (Step 4)
When the Customer 106 receives his or her next statement, it will include the payment coupon. The Customer 106 elects to pay the bill either in the conventional manner (by check) or by submitting the Coupon (without a check). (Step 5).
The Biller 104 receives the bill payment. If it was made by check, the bill is processed according to the conventional check-clearing process. However, if the Customer 106 elected to pay the bill via payment coupon, then the payment is forwarded by the Biller 104 to the ODFI 102 (Step 6), and then to the ACH 108 (Step 7). Finally, the ACH 108 requests that the payment amount be added to the Biller's 104 account by the RFDI 110 (Step 8).
An exemplary Coupon 200 is shown in FIG. 2. As depicted, the Coupon 200 includes a Biller identifier 201 (e.g., Biller XYZ), the customer's account number 202, a total amount due 203, a minimum amount due 204, a specific payment amount 205, a payment due date 206, and a signature line 207. To pay the bill using the Coupon 200, the Customer 106 would simply indicate the amount to be paid by checking one of the payment choices 203-205 (and, in the case of payment of a specific amount, write the amount to be paid) and sign the Coupon 200 at the signature line 207. The Coupon 200 would then be returned by the Customer 106 via U.S. Mail to the Biller 104.
Unlike conventional schemes, the present invention does not need to include full customer account information (or other “sensitive” personal data) on any document sent through the U.S. Mail or even transmitted through the billing system. For example, the Coupon 200 may include only a “masked” version of the customer account number 202 (such as the last few digits as an identifier only). Digits that are not revealed may be substituted by other characters (e.g., an ‘X’). While the customer bank account number can be decoded through a biller identifier (e.g., the customer account number), the Biller 104 can also be provided with a software utility to derive the financial information securely and privately. When the Biller 104 receives the remittance from the customer (including the Coupon 200), the Biller 104 identifies the customer and the receipt of payment. The Biller 104 then matches the customer with the encrypted version of the customer's bank account number. The encrypted version of the bank account number is then sent to the ODFI 102, where it will be decrypted. It should be appreciated that other sensitive information (financial or otherwise) may also be similarly processed.
Referring to FIG. 3, an alternate embodiment of the present is illustrated. In this example, a Lockbox Vendor 150 is provided to carry out much of the payment processing.
As depicted in FIG. 3, the customer check data is transmitted from the Lockbox Vendor 150 to the ODFI 102. (Step 1a). As before, the ODFI 102 analyzes this customer check data to determine eligibility for coupon payment in subsequent billing cycles. As mentioned, if the bill payment history indicates that the bill is for recurring payments, MICR information from the check is obtained to produce a test against the ACH 108. If it passes the test, the billing information and the Customer's 106 checking information are added to an entry in an “Eligible” File. (Step 2a).
Next, the Eligible File is transmitted from the ODFI 102 to the Biller 104. Only bills that the Biller 104 is responsible for are provided to the particular Biller 104. (Step 3a) The Biller 104 may then append coupons to the bills matched against the Eligible File, starting in the next billing cycle. (Step 4a)
When the Customer 106 receives his or her next statement, it will include the payment coupon. The Customer 106 elects to pay the bill either in the conventional manner (by check) or by submitting the Coupon (without a check). (Step 5a).
However, instead of the Biller 104 receiving the bill payment, this step will be outsourced to the Lockbox Vendor 150. In other words, the Lockbox Vendor 150 receives and processes the payment. If it was made by check, the bill is processed according to the conventional check-clearing process. However, if the Customer 106 elected to pay the bill via payment coupon, then notification of the payment is sent by the Lockbox Vendor 150 to the Biller 104 (Step 6a) and the payment is forwarded by the Lockbox Vendor 150 to the ODFI 102 (Step 7a), and then to the ACH 108 (Step 8a). Finally, the ACH 108 requests that the payment amount be added to the Biller's 104 account by the RFDI 110 (Step 9a).
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be affected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.

## Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for providing coupon payments as an alternative to payments made with checks, comprising the steps of:
determining whether a bill is eligible for coupon payment;
generating a coupon for the bill, if it is determined that the bill is eligible for coupon payment;
receiving the coupon from a customer, the coupon including the customer's election to make the coupon payment for the bill; and
paying the bill using a check-less payment network, in accordance with information from the coupon.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating step includes mailing the coupon and the bill to the customer.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the coupon and the bill are included in the same envelope.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the coupon includes at least a portion of the customer's billing account information.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the coupon includes an amount to be paid.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein checking account information is absent from the coupon.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coupon includes a portion of the coupon to indicate election of payment by either (a) coupon payment or (b) check payment.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the payment is debited from the customer's checking account.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step includes determining whether a bill is eligible for coupon payment based on one of a bill payment history and a characteristic of the bill.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bill is determined to be eligible for coupon payment if the bill payment history indicates that the bill is for recurring payments to the same entity.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic includes the type of the bill.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the bill is determined to be eligible for coupon payment if the bill type is one of a utility bill, a mortgage bill, a credit card bill, and an automobile financing bill.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the check-less payment network includes Automated Clearing House (ACH) network.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the list of eligible accounts is created by an Originating Depository Financial Institution (ODFI).

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination step includes matching the customer account number to a list of eligible customer account numbers that are eligible for coupon payments.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the customer account numbers are encrypted.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the determination step is performed by a billing entity.