# Patent

## Title
Ceiling speaker assembly

## Abstract

A ceiling speaker assembly is disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the ceiling speaker assembly includes a three-dimensional support frame attached to a perforated grille. The support frame is configured with a speaker aperture adjacent to which a speaker is mounted and a port aperture. The speaker aperture and port aperture are configured such that the speaker aperture is in communication with the front of the speaker and the port aperture is in communication with the rear of the speaker. In one or more embodiments, the support frame includes a horn cavity that functions as an acoustical cross-over such that higher frequencies generated by the speaker are emitted primarily through the speaker aperture and the lower frequencies generated by the speaker are emitted primarily through the port aperture.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/314,824 filed Dec. 8, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/948,688 filed Nov. 17, 2010, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,091,681 on Dec. 21, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/163,929 filed Jun. 27, 2008, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,861,825 on Jan. 4, 2011.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
At least one embodiment relates generally to a method and apparatus for a loudspeaker assembly and more particularly to such a method and apparatus that may be installed, for example, in a surface, such as a ceiling.
(2) Description of the Related Art
As loudspeakers are transducers that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, loudspeaker assemblies are typically designed to satisfy physical constraints, including electrical and mechanical constraints. The degree to which such constraints are satisfied can affect the acoustic performance of the loudspeaker assemblies. When loudspeaker assemblies are installed in a surface, such as a ceiling, it is preferable for the installed loudspeaker assemblies to maintain properties desired of the surface, such as strength, fire resistance, seismic stability, and aesthetics.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,944,312, issued to Mason et al., describes a lightweight fully assembled loudspeaker enclosure that includes a rear baffle having a peripheral edge, a grill that is crimped around the peripheral edge of the rear baffle, and a sound-baffle sheet disposed between the rear baffle and the grill, the sound-baffle sheet having an opening for placement of a loudspeaker. The sound-baffle sheet is described as preferably being made of vinyl or thin MYLAR and is said to act to prevent sound waves from reentering the loudspeaker.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,120,269, issued to Lowell et al., describes a lay-in tile type system for supporting loudspeakers in a new or existing suspended ceiling, which is further described as including a perforated base section providing maximum free air space. The system is described as having a plate that provides a solid surface for installation of one or more loudspeakers, with a back box optionally mounted over the loudspeaker and secured by nuts.
Prior art systems are not described as satisfying physical constraints, including defining a three dimensional loudspeaker frame structure and providing enhanced acoustic impedance matching, while also being capable of maintaining desired properties, such as strength, fire resistance, seismic stability, and aesthetics. Thus, a method and apparatus for providing a loudspeaker assembly that avoids the disadvantages of the prior art is needed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method and apparatus for providing a loudspeaker assembly is provided. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method is provided which comprises forming a ribbed loudspeaker frame so as to define a driver housing portion, a horn portion, and a conformal portion. A driver aperture is defined for the driver housing portion, and a port aperture is defined for the horn portion. A driver is attached to the loudspeaker frame proximate to the driver aperture. A ground plane is attached to the loudspeaker frame proximate the driver aperture and ribbed loudspeaker frame. A rear baffle is applied to a first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The rear baffle defines a horn cavity wall of a horn cavity of the horn portion. The horn cavity has an increasing cross sectional area as the distance from the driver housing portion increases. A grille is applied to a second conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The application of the grille, which may be performed by crimping a perimeter edge of the grille to the rear baffle, binds the loudspeaker frame to the rear baffle.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention may be better understood, and its features made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of a loudspeaker frame subassembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a loudspeaker frame subassembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a sectional perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment.



The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A method and apparatus for providing a loudspeaker assembly is provided. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method is provided which comprises forming a loudspeaker frame so as to define a driver housing portion, a horn portion, and a conformal portion. A driver aperture is defined for the driver housing portion, and a port aperture is defined for the horn portion. A driver is attached to the loudspeaker frame proximate to the driver aperture. A ground plane is attached to the loudspeaker frame proximate to the driver aperture and the perimeter of the loudspeaker frame. A rear baffle is applied to a first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The rear baffle defines a horn cavity wall of a horn cavity of the horn portion. The horn cavity has an increasing cross sectional area as the distance from the driver housing portion increases. A grille is applied to a second conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The application of the grille, which may be performed by crimping a perimeter edge of the grille to the rear baffle, binds the loudspeaker frame to the rear baffle.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the rear baffle further defines a driver cavity wall of a driver cavity of the driver housing portion. The first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion substantially conforms to a first rear baffle surface of the rear baffle. The grille may be applied such that a first grille portion of the grille is adjacent to the driver aperture and a second grille portion of the grille is adjacent to the port aperture, the first grille portion being substantially coplanar with the second grille portion.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the rear baffle is formed from a porous material such that the rear baffle defines the horn cavity wall to be a porous horn cavity wall. For example, the rear baffle may be formed from a fire resistant pressed fiberglass or mineral fiber material, such as one that conforms to the Underwriters' Laboratories UL2043 rating. The grille may be applied to a substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame so that the substantially planar perimeter portion surrounds an elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame. The elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame surrounds the driver housing portion and the horn portion. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a first plane and the elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a second plane, where the first plane is substantially parallel to the second plane.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, apparatus is provided comprising a loudspeaker frame, a driver, a rear baffle, and a grille. The loudspeaker frame defines a driver housing portion, a horn portion, and a conformal portion. The driver housing portion defines a driver aperture, and the horn portion defines a port aperture. The driver is situated adjacent to the loudspeaker frame proximate to the driver aperture. The rear baffle has a first rear baffle surface. A first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame substantially conforms to the first rear baffle surface. The first rear baffle surface defines a horn cavity wall of a horn cavity of the horn portion. The horn cavity having an increasing cross sectional area as the distance from the driver housing portion increases. The grille is situated adjacent to a second conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The grille binds the loudspeaker frame to the rear baffle.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the rear baffle further defines a driver cavity wall of a driver cavity of the driver housing portion. The first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion substantially conforms to a first rear baffle surface of the rear baffle. The grille comprises a first grille portion adjacent to the driver aperture and a second grille portion adjacent to the port aperture. The first grille portion is substantially coplanar with the second grille portion. The rear baffle is formed from a porous material such that the rear baffle defines the horn cavity wall to be a porous horn cavity wall.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker frame further comprises a substantially planar perimeter portion and an elevated portion. The substantially planar perimeter portion surrounds the elevated portion. The elevated portion surrounds the driver housing portion and the horn portion.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a first plane and the elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a second plane. The first plane is substantially parallel to the second plane.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, a three dimensionally formed sheet defines a driver housing portion, a horn portion, a substantially planar perimeter portion, and an elevated portion. The driver housing portion defines a driver aperture. The driver housing portion is in communication with a narrow end of the horn portion. A cross sectional area of the horn portion increases with distance from the driver housing portion. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the three dimensionally formed sheet is a vacuum formed sheet. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the three dimensionally formed sheet is an injection molded sheet. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the three dimensionally formed sheet is a cast sheet. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the three dimensionally formed sheet is a stamped sheet.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the substantially planar portion surrounds the elevated portion. The elevated portion substantially surrounds the driver housing portion and the horn portion. The substantially planar portion substantially lies in a first plane. The elevated portion substantially lies in a second plane. The first plane is substantially parallel to the second plane.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion defines a port aperture distal to the driver housing portion. The vacuum formed sheet further defines an electrical terminal housing for accommodating electrical terminals. A port aperture cross sectional area of the port aperture is greater than a driver aperture cross sectional area of the driver aperture.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of a loudspeaker frame subassembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. FIG. 1A is depicted without ground plane 112 for clarity, while FIG. 1B illustrates a loudspeaker frame subassembly comprising ground plane 112 for completeness. Loudspeaker frame subassembly 101 comprises loudspeaker frame 102, ground plane 112, and driver 103. Loudspeaker frame 102 defines driver aperture 104. Ground plane 112 defines a similar aperture adjacent to aperture 104. Driver 103 is attached to loudspeaker frame 102 and ground plane 112 via fasteners 105, which fasten driver 103 to loudspeaker frame proximate to driver aperture 104. Fasteners 105 are preferably disposed around driver aperture 104. While the term “ground plane” is used, ground plane 112, in accordance with at least one embodiment, is not planar and is not parallel to any particular surface. Rather, ground plane 112 is designed to have a specific curvature introduced during the assembly process, to produce a favorable frequency, sound pressure level (SPL), and impedance response. In accordance with at least one embodiment, ground plane 112 has a radius of curvature of approximately twenty feet. In accordance with at least one embodiment, ground plane 112 has a hyperbolic curvature. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the curvature is convex as viewed from the perspective of FIG. 1 (e.g., through a grille that may be placed in front of the elements illustrated in FIG. 1).
Loudspeaker frame 102 is preferably vacuum formed into a three dimensional form that defines a driver housing portion 106 and a horn portion 107. The driver housing portion 106 is in communication with the horn portion 107 at a narrow end of the horn portion 107. As the horn portion 107 extends away from the driver housing portion 106, the cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 increases. The rate of increase of the cross sectional area may be linear, exponential, or may conform to a higher order function. The horn portion defines a port aperture 108. The port aperture 108 is disposed distal to the driver housing portion 106. The increasing cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 provides enhanced acoustical impedance matching by functioning as an acoustical transformer to provide a higher acoustical impedance at the narrow end of the horn portion 107 proximate to the driver 103 and a lower acoustical impedance at the wider end of the horn portion 107 distal to the driver 103 and proximate to the port aperture 108. The increasing cross sectional area may also function to cause a decrease in pressure, causing a “pulling” or vacuum effect accelerating the sound waves towards the port. The acoustical impedance transformation provided by the horn portion 107 allows a small excursion at the driver 103 to move a larger volume of air at port aperture 108, thereby increasing the efficiency of the loudspeaker assembly. This allows the port aperture size to be larger than conventional ported loudspeakers. The effect is that a small driver (e.g., a three inch driver) now functions as a larger driver (e.g., a six inch driver), as the driver size is effectively the sum of the area of the driver and the port combined. A larger port means the loudspeaker functions as if it has a larger driver installed. The use of a smaller driver in conjunction with a horn gives greater efficiency over other designs that use a larger driver without a horn portion. Smaller drivers by design also give a wider dispersion field, which avoids uneven projection of sound in a room. So being able to properly tune the loudspeaker gives a wider sound field letting people use fewer loudspeakers to cover a similarly sized area. Moreover, the driver housing portion 106 and the horn portion 107 form a Helmholtz resonator that can be tuned to enhance the frequency response of the loudspeaker assembly.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 has a cross sectional area that substantially conforms to a quadratic function. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 has a cross sectional area that substantially conforms to the quadratic function y=0.0234 x2+0.3521x+1.1985. As one example, in accordance with at least one embodiment, the cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 deviates from that quadratic function by no more than one percent. As another example, in accordance with at least one embodiment, the cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 deviates from that quadratic function by no more than one half of one percent. As yet another example, in accordance with at least one embodiment, the cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 deviates from that quadratic function by no more than 0.3 percent.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the port aperture 108 has a port aperture area substantially equal to the cross sectional area of the horn portion 107 proximate to the port aperture 108. The port aperture area of port aperture 108 can be described with respect to a port effective radius, which denotes a radius that a circle would have if it had the same area as the port aperture area of port 108, as port aperture 108 may, but need not be, circular in shape.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the port aperture 108 has a port effective radius that is mathematically related to a driver radius of a driven portion (e.g., speaker cone) of driver 103. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ratio of the port effective radius to the driver radius is approximately 1.1985. For example, for a driver 103 having a driver area of approximately 5.67266 square inches and a radius of approximately 1.34375 inches, the port aperture area is approximately 8.148 square inches, for a port effective radius of 1.61046 inches. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ratio of the port effective radius to the driver radius is between 1.15 and 1.25. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ratio of the port effective radius to the driver radius is between 1.1 and 1.3. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ratio of the port effective radius to the driver radius is between 1.0 and 1.4.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, a driver aperture radius of driver aperture 104 approximates the driver radius of the driven portion (e.g., speaker cone) of driver 103. Therefore, the mathematical relationships of the port effective radius in relation to the driver radius can also be applied with respect to the port effective radius in relation to the driver aperture radius. Also, the mathematical relationships of the port aperture area of port aperture 108 in relation to the driver area of the driver portion of driver 103 can also be applied with respect to the port aperture area in relation to the driver aperture area.
Particular dimensions of horn portion 107, driver housing portion 106, and their relationships, such as the cross sectional area of the aperture defined between horn portion 107 and driver housing portion 106 to provide communication and propagation of acoustic waves between driver housing portion 106 and horn portion 107, are, in accordance with at least one embodiment, determined as a function of mechanical and/or electrical parameters of driver 103. For example, those dimensions and relationships can be determined as a function of a compliance of driver 103. The compliance of driver 103 can depend, for example, on stiffnesses and/or resiliencies of a surround and a spider used to mount a speaker cone in driver 103. As another example, those dimensions and relationships can be determined as a function of a Q factor (i.e., quality factor) of driver 103. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the dimensions and relationships of the horn portion 107 and the driver housing portion 106 are selected so as to substantially match a mechanical impedance of the driver 103 to a mechanical impedance of free air present at the port aperture 108.
The loudspeaker frame 102 also defines an electrical terminal housing 109. Electrical terminal housing 109 can be used as an enclosure for electrical terminals for the loudspeaker assembly. For example, electrical terminals for driver 103 can be mounted in electrical terminal housing 109. Other electrical components may also be mounted in electrical terminal housing 109. For example, an electrical transformer for providing compatibility with 70.7-volt public address systems can be mounted in electrical terminal housing 109. As another example, an amplifier can be mounted in electrical terminal housing 109 to make the loudspeaker assembly a self-amplified loudspeaker assembly. As yet another example, a volume control can be mounted in electrical terminal housing 109. An adjustment aperture may be defined in electrical terminal housing 109 to allow access to the volume control through the grille so that adjustments may be easily made after the loudspeaker assembly has been installed in a surface, such as a ceiling. In accordance with at least one embodiment, fastener 113 (e.g., a screw, rivet, snap, etc.) is installed through an aperture defined in electrical terminal housing 109 to attach an electrical terminal to electrical terminal housing 109.
The loudspeaker frame 102 further comprises a conformal portion comprising substantially planar perimeter portion 111 and elevated portion 110. The conformal portion is adapted to conform to a rear baffle. The rear baffle provides a driver cavity wall for a driver cavity defined by the driver housing portion and a horn cavity wall for a horn cavity defined by the horn portion. The rear baffle is preferably constructed of a mat of fire resistant material, such as fiberglass or mineral wool. The rear baffle is preferably porous so as to provide a porous driver cavity wall and a porous horn cavity wall. The porous driver cavity wall and the porous horn cavity wall can reduce the Q of the Helmholtz resonator formed by the driver housing portion and the horn portion, thereby reducing unwanted peaks and/or nulls in the frequency response of the loudspeaker assembly.
The shape, dimensions, and relationships of the driver cavity and the horn cavity can be designed to provide a desired frequency response of the loudspeaker assembly. Because of the freedom with which the loudspeaker frame 102 may be formed so as to define the desired driver cavity and horn cavity, acoustical performance is not constrained by a rear baffle and sound baffle configuration. Rather, excellent acoustical performance can be obtained from a given rear baffle, even a low profile rear baffle, by providing a driver housing portion and horn portion appropriate for a driver and by defining a port aperture appropriate for the driver. The relationships between the driver characteristics, the driver housing portion characteristics, the horn portion characteristics, and the size of the port aperture can be designed to optimize frequency response and efficiency of the loudspeaker assembly. The port aperture is preferably larger than the driver aperture, which, in accordance with the acoustic impedance transformation provided by the horn portion, increases loudspeaker efficiency and acoustic response.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. The loudspeaker assembly 203 comprises a grille 201 and a rear baffle 202. The grille 201 and the rear baffle 202 enclose a loudspeaker frame and driver. The grille 201 is preferably substantially planar and preferably has a hole pattern and hole size selected for optimal acoustic transmission through grille 201 to eliminate reflections back in the loudspeaker. The grille 201 comprises an edge around its perimeter, and that edge is preferably substantially planar. The rear baffle 202 comprises an edge around its perimeter, and that edge is preferably substantially planar. The edge around the perimeter of grille 201 is preferably crimped to the edge around the perimeter of rear baffle 202, with the edge around the perimeter of a substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame disposed between the grille 201 and the edge around the perimeter of rear baffle 202, which maintains the loudspeaker frame in a fixed position relative to the grille 201 and the rear baffle 202. The crimp is also designed to provide a “crush” between the rear baffle 202 and the loudspeaker frame 102, which provides the critical seal for the horn and loudspeaker area. Any leakage out of the side of the loudspeaker would degrade acoustical performance. Such leakage is prevented or minimized by the critical seal. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the grille 201 is rectangular. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the grille 201 is square.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. The rear baffle 202 of the loudspeaker assembly 203 comprises a substantially planar perimeter portion 305 and an elevated portion 306. An electrical terminal cover plate 301 is mounted on the elevated portion 306 with fasteners 304. The electrical terminal cover plate 301 comprises a substantially planar portion 307. Fasteners 304 are preferably installed in the substantially planar portion 307. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a wiring aperture 303 through which wiring may pass is defined in a recessed portion underlying the substantially planar portion 307. The wiring may be connected to electrical terminals mounted in the recessed portion. The substantially planar perimeter portion 305 preferably lies substantially in a first plane, and the elevated portion 306 preferably lies substantially in a second plane, wherein the first plane is substantially parallel to the second plane.
FIG. 4 is a cutaway perspective view of a loudspeaker frame subassembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. FIG. 4 shows the loudspeaker frame subassembly in absence of rear baffle 202. The communication between loudspeaker driver housing portion 106 and horn portion 107 can be seen. The wide end of horn portion 107 is disposed such that port aperture 108 is proximate to a portion of grille 201. Since the port aperture 108 provides communication between the interior of rear baffle 202 and grille 201, the entirety of the rear baffle interior is not obstructed or masked from the grille 202. The internal edge of horn portion 107 that defines port aperture 108 lies adjacent to and almost coplanar with grille 201. Spacing between horn portion 107 and grille 201 can be provided to reduce the risk of unwanted vibrations. Electrical terminals 401 are disposed within recessed portion beneath electrical terminal cover plate 301 for connection of wiring routed through wiring aperture 303 to circuitry contained within electrical terminal housing 109 and/or to driver 103. By utilizing electrical terminals 401 in the form of a terminal block rather than wire nuts, the possibility of vibration of loosely contained wire nuts against the interior of the electrical terminal housing or the interior of a loudspeaker cabinet is avoided. Polarity of driver 103 is maintained from driver 103 to electrical terminals 401, which are marked as to their polarity, so that proper electrical phasing can be maintained during the manufacturing process. In accordance with at least one embodiment, polarity is maintained by defining specific wiring paths (e.g., channels) through loudspeaker frame 102 to maintain polarity from driver 103 to electrical terminals 401.
Stiffeners 402 are defined in loudspeaker frame 102 around a portion of a periphery of elevated portion 110. In accordance with at least one embodiment, stiffeners 402 are of a substantially semicylindrical shape terminating in a substantially semicircular portion upon which ground plane 112 bears. By producing ground plane 112 from a material (e.g., metal) having a spring constant, a spring bias of ground plane 112 against stiffeners 402 maintains force between ground plane and loudspeaker frame 102 to suppress any resonant nodes that might otherwise cause vibrations or distortions that would adversely affect the frequency response of the loudspeaker assembly. In accordance with at least one embodiment, corrugations are defined in an approximately cylindrical portion of driver housing portion 106 to help maintain the spring biased relationship between ground plane 112 and loudspeaker frame 102. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ground plane 112 comprises a curved steel plate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ground plane 112 comprises a curved aluminum plate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ground plane 112 comprises a polymer plate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the ground plane 112 comprises a composite plate.
FIG. 5 is a sectional perspective view of a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. As can be seen, a conformal portion of loudspeaker frame 102 comprising substantially planar perimeter portion 111 and elevated portion 110 substantially conforms to a shape of rear baffle 202 comprising substantially planar perimeter portion 305 and elevated portion 306. Substantially planar perimeter portion 111 lies adjacent to, parallel to, and nearly coplanar with substantially planar perimeter portion 305. Elevated portion 110 lies adjacent to, parallel to, and nearly coplanar with at least a portion of elevated portion 306. An edge around the perimeter of grille 201 is preferably crimped around substantially planar perimeter portion 111 and substantially planar perimeter portion 305 so as to combine grille 201, loudspeaker frame 102, and rear baffle 202 into a rigid, sealed assembly. The crimping of grille 201 preferably attaches grille 201 to rear baffle 202 in a non-releasable manner.
Since the conformal portion of loudspeaker frame 102 preferably substantially conforms to the shape of rear baffle 202, the shapes and dimensions of cavities defined in the loudspeaker frame 102 can be precisely controlled. For example, a driver cavity defined by the driver housing portion 106 and a portion of elevated portion 306 of rear baffle 202 provides a controlled volume around driver 103. As another example, a horn cavity defined by horn portion 107 and a portion of elevated portion 306 of rear baffle 202 provides a controlled volume between a communication port that joins driver housing portion 106 to horn portion 107 and port aperture 108. Not only can the volume of the horn cavity be controlled, but its shape can also be controlled so as to form a horn of increasing cross sectional area from the communication port to the port aperture.
While components such as grille 201 and rear baffle 202 may be custom designed for loudspeaker assembly 203, economies of scale can increase the economic efficiency of loudspeaker assembly 203 if standard parts are used for such components. For example, a grille 201 and rear baffle 202 designed for heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) applications can be utilized to aesthetically match standard drop ceilings, as it appears to match standard HVAC ceiling diffusers, and to avoid the need for design and manufacturing of a grille 201 and rear baffle 202 specifically for use in a loudspeaker assembly. Also, testing and standards compliance can be simplified, as typical HVAC grilles and rear baffles are already rated with respect to standards, such as flame, smoke, and mechanical tests (e.g., erosion and impact, such as the UL181 standard). For example, an HVAC grille and rear baffle rated as complying with UL2043, UL 1480, E84, and/or UL181 may be obtained. Compliance with such standards, for example, UL2043, allows for use of the loudspeaker in environmental air handling spaces. Furthermore, HVAC grilles may already incorporate features that provide standards compliance and enhance safety, such as seismic tie off tabs. Also, HVAC grilles may be made of materials with desirable properties that have been subjected to and passed rigorous performance testing. Such testing may include, for example, corrosion, humidity, and ultraviolet light exposure. By vacuum forming or injection molding loudspeaker frame 102 to facilitate construction of a unitized loudspeaker frame subassembly 101 that may be enclosed within grille 201 and rear baffle 202, loudspeaker frame subassembly 101 can easily be inserted between grille 201 and rear baffle 202 during assembly to yield a high performance loudspeaker assembly instead of merely a HVAC grille and rear baffle assembly. A hole can be cut in rear baffle 202 to accommodate electrical terminal cover plate 301, and electrical terminal cover plate 301 can be constructed of materials to maintain standards compliance.
A loudspeaker assembly adapted to be installed in a surface, such as a ceiling or wall, provides additional utility and convenience if it can be easily installed with minimal modification of the surface. By utilizing lightweight materials that comply with regulatory standards and that are formed into sizes and shapes that comply with industry standards, such as standard sizes of suspended ceiling tiles, a convenient lay-in loudspeaker assembly can be provided. An existing ceiling tile can be removed, wiring can be routed to the location where the ceiling tile was removed, the wiring can be connected to the electrical terminals 401 accessible from the exterior of the loudspeaker assembly, and the loudspeaker assembly can be inserted into the suspended ceiling to either fully or partially replace the removed ceiling tile. If appropriate, seismic tie-off tabs may be secured. If necessary, a portion of the removed ceiling tile may be trimmed and replaced to complete the installation. By providing a volume control accessible through the grille 201, volume adjustment can be performed after the loudspeaker assembly has been installed in a surface without the need for removal from the surface. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker assembly can be mounted in a drywall surface.
By providing a loudspeaker frame 102 that has been formed, preferably vacuum formed, into a three dimensional shape that defines features such as a horn portion, the need for a two dimensional baffle sheet is avoided. Thus, disadvantages associated with two dimensional baffle sheets, such as vibration and sound distortion, can be avoided or minimized. By forgoing a plate that mounts directly to a grille, and instead mounting a loudspeaker and associated components in the three dimensional loudspeaker frame, at least one embodiment allows the creation of a three-dimensional loaded horn design that greatly increases loudspeaker efficiency and provides performance from a much more efficient smaller driver (e.g., a three inch driver) that previously required a much larger driver (e.g., a six inch driver). Such a design can also keep the driver and any plates off of the grille, as contact between the driver or plates and the grille can produce vibration and distortion between the grille and the sound baffle sheet or plate as described above in other loudspeaker designs. Such a design can also allow the installation of an arched, hyperbolic ground plane (e.g., one having an approximately twenty foot radius of curvature) around the loudspeaker driver, intentionally sized and arched to produce a uniform sound field and linear reproduction of full bandwidth audio content (e.g. pink noise). Such an arched, hyperbolic ground plane also helps prevent unwanted rattling of loudspeaker assembly components by providing spring bias of the arched, hyperbolic ground plane against other loudspeaker assembly components. Such a design can also provide a more robust, sturdy design, which results in easier installation and less chance of shipping damage. The insulated rear baffle need not support the loudspeaker assembly structurally, as the loudspeaker frame provides sufficient rigidity to support the loudspeaker assembly structurally. Whereas the insulated rear baffle can act like a fire wrap, allowing adherence with life safety standards, the insulated rear baffle also provides additional stiffness in critical areas to prevent resonant nodes of the loudspeaker at certain frequencies. Accordingly, the insulated rear baffle helps assure a flat frequency response over a wide frequency range. The ground plane design gives a linear pink noise response for the loudspeaker, in addition to providing a uniform dispersion of sound throughout the listening area, preventing “hot spots” or a spike in sound pressure level (SPL) which is perceived as volume, in certain locations under the loudspeaker.
As weight is a consideration for a suspended lay-in loudspeaker assembly, it is ideal to make such a loudspeaker assembly as light as possible without sacrificing sound quality, regulatory compliance, mechanical stability, or aesthetics. The provision of a loudspeaker frame 102 formed into a three dimensional shape allows a more rigid loudspeaker assembly to be constructed from materials of a given type and thickness or a loudspeaker assembly to be constructed from thinner and/or lighter materials without sacrificing rigidity. Moreover, strong, lightweight materials that offer regulatory standards compliance are available as grilles and rear baffles for HVAC applications. HVAC rear baffles typically are formed from a fiberglass or mineral fiber mat, with their exterior surface (i.e., convex surface) covered with a foil material. To minimize weight, a lightweight foil material, such as an aluminum foil, may be used. While standard HVAC rear baffles and grilles may be used, particular materials may be specified to optimize performance of the loudspeaker assembly, if appropriate. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the grille has perforated metal sheet with perforations of a size designed to optimize acoustic response and eliminate reflections from the grill back into the interior of the loudspeaker.
By forming a loudspeaker frame 102 into a three dimensional form, the loudspeaker frame 102 provides sufficient rigidity to mount a driver 103 on it, thereby avoiding the need to mount a driver on a grille, which further improves aesthetic appearance by avoiding the need for mounting hardware, such as rivets, to be visible on the grille. By using the loudspeaker frame 102 to mount the driver 103, vibration of the grille and distortion arising from such vibration can also be avoided or minimized. Furthermore, by not using the grille as a weight bearing element, the chance of the grille sagging under the weight of the driver is reduced. Since the horn portion redirects and transforms acoustic energy from the back of driver 103 in a direction generally parallel to the plane of the grille 201, the height of the loudspeaker assembly above the grille can be minimized. Also, the formed loudspeaker frame 102 allows electrical terminal housing 109 to be recessed into and formed integral with the loudspeaker frame 102, which also helps lower the overall profile of the loudspeaker assembly. Thus, a loudspeaker of lower profile with a shallower rear baffle can be provided. Such lower profile loudspeaker assemblies can be installed in situations where installation might not be possible with higher profile loudspeaker assemblies. By using a specially formed loudspeaker frame 102 with a small, highly efficient driver 103, at least one embodiment provides a low profile loudspeaker assembly that can be installed in spaces that have limited vertical clearance.
The three dimensional form of the loudspeaker frame 102 and its ability to define a horn portion 107 allows a smaller and lighter driver 103 to be used to emulate the performance of a larger and heavier driver. Even with a smaller and lighter driver 103, the horn portion 107 provides the acoustic impedance transformation to allow the smaller surface area of the smaller and lighter driver 103 to move an equivalent amount of air as would the larger surface area of a larger and heavier driver. Thus, risks of sagging of the grille 201 and vibration and sound distortion are further reduced. Moreover, the ability to use a smaller and lighter driver 103 increases economic efficiency of the loudspeaker assembly.
Furthermore, the three dimensional form of the loudspeaker frame 102 and its ability to define a horn portion 107 allows a smaller and lighter driver 103 to be used to emulate the performance of multiple drivers. For example, some loudspeaker systems use multiple drivers to cover multiple frequency ranges. However, the acoustic impedance transformation provided by the horn portion 107 increases the acoustic impedance at the back of the driver 103, thereby assisting the front of the driver 103 to efficiently radiate higher frequency spectral content, yet it also decreases the acoustic impedance at the port aperture 108 to allow efficient coupling of lower frequency spectral content to the air in the room in front of port aperture 108. Thus, the horn portion 107 effectively performs a crossover function acoustically, rather than electrically, thereby avoiding the need for large and bulky inductive and capacitive elements to form an electrical crossover network. Eliminating an electrical crossover also eliminates phase shifts that are inherent to typical crossover networks. By implementing such crossover functionality acoustically using a lightweight loudspeaker frame 102 defining a horn portion 107, weight is reduced, the risk of sagging is reduced, acoustic efficiency is increased, and economic efficiency is increased.
At least one embodiment can be implemented to provide a loudspeaker assembly compatible with existing surfaces, such as existing ceiling tiles. For example, a 1×2 loudspeaker assembly can be implemented to replace half of a standard 2×2 ceiling tile or one quarter of a standard 2×4 ceiling tile. If more volume and/or power handling capability is desired, multiple loudspeaker assemblies, such as multiple 1×2 loudspeaker assemblies, can be ganged together and installed adjacent to one another within the space obtained by removing one or more ceiling tiles. Additional supports can be placed between the multiple loudspeaker assemblies, if desired.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for a loudspeaker assembly in accordance with at least one embodiment. The method begins in step 601, where a loudspeaker frame is formed so as to define a driver housing portion, a horn portion, and a conformal portion. The method continues to step 602, where a driver aperture is defined for the driver housing portion and a port aperture is defined for the horn portion. In step 603, a driver is attached to the loudspeaker frame proximate to the driver aperture. In step 604, a rear baffle (“backbox”) is applied to a first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. The rear baffle defines a horn cavity wall of a horn cavity of the horn portion. The horn cavity has an increasing cross sectional area as the distance from the driver housing portion increases. In step 605, a grille is applied to a second conformal portion surface of the conformal portion of the loudspeaker frame. Applying the grille binds the loudspeaker frame to the rear baffle.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the rear baffle further defines a driver cavity wall of a driver cavity of the driver housing portion. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the first conformal portion surface of the conformal portion substantially conforms to a first rear baffle surface of the rear baffle.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, step 605 further comprises step 606. In step 606, the grille is crimped to the rear baffle. In accordance with at least one embodiment, step 605 further comprises step 607. In step 607, the grille is applied such that a first grille portion of the grille is adjacent to the driver aperture and a second grille portion of the grille is adjacent to the port aperture. The first grille portion is substantially coplanar with the second grille portion. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the rear baffle is formed from a porous material such that the rear baffle defines the horn cavity wall to be a porous horn cavity wall.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, step 605 further comprises step 606. In step 606, the grille is applied to a substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame, wherein the substantially planar perimeter portion surrounds an elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame, the elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame surrounding the driver housing portion and the horn portion. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the substantially planar perimeter portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a first plane and the elevated portion of the loudspeaker frame lies substantially in a second plane, the first plane being substantially parallel to the second plane.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 is defined along a substantially linear axis approximately radial to driver housing portion 106. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 is defined along a substantially linear axis approximately tangential to driver housing portion 106. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 is defined along a substantially spiral line extending outward from driver housing portion 106. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the horn portion 107 is defined along a line that curves in alternating directions as it progresses away from driver housing portion 106.
In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker frame 102 is vacuum formed from a polymer sheet into a three dimensional configuration. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker frame 102 is injection molded into a three dimensional configuration. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker frame 102 is cast into a three dimensional configuration. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the loudspeaker frame 102 is stamped into a three dimensional configuration.
Thus, a method and apparatus for a loudspeaker assembly is described. Although the present invention has been described with respect to certain specific embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the inventive features of the present invention are applicable to other embodiments as well, all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

## Claims

1. A ceiling speaker assembly comprising:
a perforated grille comprising an interior surface;
a three dimensional support frame disposed adjacent to said perforated grille, said support frame comprising a speaker aperture having a first effective radius disposed above said interior surface of said grille and a port aperture having a second effective radius disposed above said interior surface of said grille apart from said speaker aperture, said second effective radius being larger than said first effective radius;
a speaker mounted to said support frame adjacent to said speaker aperture such that a front of said speaker is disposed so as to project sound through said speaker aperture towards a first portion of said interior surface of said grille and such that a rear of said speaker is disposed so as to project sound through said port aperture towards a second portion of said interior surface of said grille.

2. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said support frame comprises a driver cavity adjacent to said rear of said speaker.

3. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 2 wherein said support frame comprises a horn cavity disposed between said driver cavity and said port aperture.

4. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 3 wherein said driver cavity intersects said horn cavity at a first intersection at a first end of said horn cavity.

5. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 4 wherein said port aperture intersects said horn cavity at a second intersection at a second end of said horn cavity.

6. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 5 wherein an area of said first intersection is less than an area of said second intersection.

7. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 comprising a backbox disposed adjacent to said support frame.

8. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 3 comprising a backbox disposed adjacent to said support frame.

9. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 8 wherein said backbox forms a wall of said driver cavity.

10. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 9 wherein said backbox forms a wall of said horn cavity.

11. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said support frame is configured such that higher frequencies of said speaker are emitted primarily from said speaker aperture and lower frequencies of said speaker are emitted primarily from said port aperture.

12. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said support frame comprises a recessed electrical compartment.

13. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said support frame comprises a formed sheet.

14. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 3 wherein said horn cavity is configured such that higher frequencies of said speaker are emitted primarily from said speaker aperture and lower frequencies of said speaker are emitted primarily from said port aperture.

15. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said grille comprises an exterior surface configured to be visible when said ceiling speaker assembly is mounted in a ceiling.

16. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 15 wherein said exterior surface of said grille is configured to be free of any visible mounting hardware.

17. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein a perimeter portion of said grille is crimped about a perimeter portion of said support frame.

18. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 7 wherein a perimeter portion of said grille is crimped about a perimeter portion of said support frame and a perimeter portion of said backbox.

19. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said grille is configured to have an appearance of a standard HVAC ceiling grille.

20. The ceiling speaker assembly of claim 1 wherein said grille comprises a perimeter portion surrounding said interior surface and wherein said grille is disposed such that said interior surface does not contact any other part of said ceiling speaker assembly.