J-S55012-20

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

DOMINIQUE LEE MOFFATT 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 699 WDA 2020

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 23, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s): 

CP-25-CR-0000046-2014

BEFORE: BOWES, J., McCAFFERY, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED: MARCH 5, 2021

Dominique Lee Moffatt appeals from the order dismissing his second

post conviction relief act (“PCRA”) petition as untimely. We affirm.

This appeal arises from the October 5, 2013 armed robbery of Barbato’s 

restaurant in Erie, Pennsylvania, which was perpetrated by Appellant, with 

assistance from his co-conspirators, Michael Toran and Eric Atkins. Following 

a jury trial, Appellant was convicted of robbery, criminal conspiracy to commit 

robbery, terroristic threats, two counts of recklessly endangering another 

person (“REAP”), and receiving stolen property. Appellant received an 

aggregate sentence of ten to twenty years of incarceration.1 

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 Appellant was originally sentenced to serve twelve to twenty-four years of 

incarceration. On January 28, 2015, Appellant’s sentence was modified in 
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Following the reinstatement of Appellant’s post-sentence motion and 

direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc, Appellant filed a counseled post-sentence 

motion, challenging the weight and sufficiency of the evidence, which was 

denied. A direct appeal followed. The trial court determined that the issues 

were insufficiently pled, but still addressed the merits of each claim in its

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion. We affirmed the judgment of sentence without 

reaching the merits of Appellant’s issues, finding them both waived. 

Commonwealth v. Moffatt, 169 A.3d 1160 (Pa.Super. 2017) (unpublished 

memorandum). On August 29, 2017, our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s 

petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. Moffatt, 170 A.3d 1015 

(Pa. 2017).

Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition, averring that his prior 

record score was incorrectly calculated. Appointed counsel initially submitted 

a “no merit” letter pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 and 

petition seeking leave to withdraw, explaining that Appellant’s sentencing 

guidelines were properly calculated using Appellant’s prior juvenile 

adjudications. Appellant responded to his attorney’s letter, seeking to amend 

his PCRA petition to assert allegations of direct appeal counsel’s 

ineffectiveness. While the “no-merit” letter was still pending, counsel 

submitted an amended PCRA petition challenging the effectiveness of direct 

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response to a post-sentence motion. The trial court vacated the REAP 

sentences, finding that those counts should have merged with the robbery 

conviction. 
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appeal counsel for failing to properly preserve Appellant’s challenges to the 

weight and sufficiency of the evidence. PCRA counsel also sought to rescind 

his petition for leave to withdraw as counsel. Ultimately, counsel’s petition to 

withdraw was denied.

The PCRA court issued Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss

Appellant’s petition without a hearing, finding that the sentencing issue lacked 

merit and concluding that Appellant was not prejudiced by direct appeal 

counsel’s failure to properly plead challenges to the weight and sufficiency of 

the Commonwealth’s evidence. On appeal, we affirmed the order dismissing 

the PCRA petition and our Supreme Court denied Appellant’s petition for 

allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v. Moffatt, 215 A.3d 650 (Pa.Super. 

2019) (unpublished memorandum) appeal denied 217 A.3d 200 (Pa. 2019).

On November 25, 2019, Appellant filed his second pro se PCRA petition, 

which is the subject of the instant appeal. Therein, Appellant again asserted

that his sentence was illegal due to allegedly erroneously calculated

sentencing guidelines. However, this time Appellant asserted that the 

illegality flowed from the incorrect application of a deadly weapon 

enhancement, not the inaccurate calculation of his prior record score. In a 

memorandum of law appended to the PCRA petition, Appellant also challenged 

the effectiveness of PCRA counsel. The PCRA court responded with Rule 907 

notice of its intent to dismiss the petition without a hearing, explaining that 

the PCRA petition was facially untimely and Appellant had not pled an 

exception to the time bar. 
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Appellant filed an objection to the Rule 907 notice, wherein he conceded

that his petition was facially untimely, but asserted that substantive review of 

the merits of his petition was appropriate because he qualified for the 

governmental interference exception to the PCRA time bar. Appellant argued

that since the Commonwealth, trial counsel, and the trial court had 

misinterpreted the deadly weapon enhancement statute at sentencing, the 

government had misled him into thinking his sentence was legal. After 

reviewing Appellant’s objections, the PCRA court dismissed the petition as 

untimely. This appeal followed.

Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

1. Whether the failure to raise the deadly weapon used 

enhancement statute as unconstitutional was the result of 

governmental interference when the court and prosecutor 

misled petitioner to believe he could be sentenced to the 

“DWE” used enhancement statute without being [tried] 

and/or convicted of a firearm before the enhancement could 

be applied. 

2. Did the trial court abuse [its] discretion and/or commit [a]

clear error of law when it applied the deadly weapon “used” 

enhancement statute when the “DWE” relies on 9712 

notwithstanding the fact evidence in the trial court record 

asserting said statute to be unconstitutional.

Appellant’s brief at unnumbered 7.

We begin with the pertinent legal principles. Our “review is limited to 

the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record” and we do not 

“disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it is supported by evidence of record and is 

free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1183 
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(Pa.Super. 2012). Similarly, “[w]e grant great deference to the factual 

findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those findings unless they have 

no support in the record. However, we afford no such deference to its legal 

conclusions.” Id. “[W]here the petitioner raises questions of law, our 

standard of review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary.” Finally, we 

“may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the record supports it.” 

Id. 

Pursuant to the PCRA, any petition “including a second or subsequent 

petition, shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment [of sentence] 

becomes final[.]” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment of sentence becomes 

final “at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review in the 

Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 

or at the expiration of time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(b)(3). 

The PCRA’s timeliness requirements are jurisdictional in nature, and a court 

may not address the merits of the issues raised if the PCRA petition was not 

timely filed. Commonwealth v. Spotz, 171 A.3d 675, 678 (Pa. 2017); See 

Commonwealth v. Jones, 932 A.2d 179, 182 (Pa.Super.2007) (where 

petitioner files an untimely PCRA petition raising a legality of sentence claim, 

the jurisdictional limits of the PCRA render the claim incapable of review).

The time bar can “only be overcome by satisfaction of one of the three 

statutory exceptions codified at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).” Id. The 

three narrow exceptions to the one-year time bar are as follows: “(1) 
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interference by governmental officials in the presentation of the claim; (2) 

newly-discovered facts; and (3) an after-recognized constitutional right.” 

Commonwealth v. Brandon, 51 A.3d 231, 233-34 (Pa.Super. 2012). 

Additionally, a PCRA petitioner must present his claim within one year of the 

date the claim first could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).

There is no question that the instant petition is untimely on its face. 

However, Appellant avers that he can overcome the PCRA time bar by the 

application of the governmental interference exception. See Appellant’s brief 

at unnumbered 11. The governmental interference exception permits an 

otherwise untimely PCRA petition to be filed if a petitioner pleads and proves 

that “the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by 

government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the 

Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the 

United States[.]” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i). In other words, Appellant was 

required to show that but for the interference of a government actor “he could 

not have filed his claim earlier.” Commonwealth v. Stokes, 959 A.2d 306, 

310 (Pa. 2008). 

Here, Appellant alleges that the trial court, prosecutor, and defense 

counsel committed government interference when they misinterpreted the 

“deadly weapon used enhancement statute,” thus, applying it incorrectly to 

Appellant at sentencing. See Appellant’s brief at unnumbered 9. Additionally, 

Appellant claims he filed the petition within sixty days of discovery of the 
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illegality.

2

 Id. The Commonwealth responds that Appellant has not pled facts 

which, if proved, would qualify as government interference or demonstrate 

that he acted with due diligence in bringing forth his claim. We agree.

3

 

Appellant did not successfully plead and prove before the PCRA court 

that the government interfered with his ability to file a timely PCRA petition. 

Even assuming, arguendo, that the deadly weapon enhancement was 

erroneously applied to Appellant at sentencing, Appellant still has to explain 

how the trial court’s “misinterpretation” of the deadly weapon enhancement 

in 2015 prevented him from raising this issue until 2019. Instead, Appellant 

attempts to justify the tardiness in his filing by stating, without citation to 

proper authority, that the statute that defines a firearm as applied to the 

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2 As of December 2018, the Pennsylvania legislature extended the sixty-day 

period to assert an exception to one year. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).

3 We observe that Appellant’s time-bar exception argument was not raised in 

the PCRA petition itself, but rather was pled for the first time in his response 

to the PCRA court’s notice of intent to dismiss. Our Supreme Court has stated 

that the text of the PCRA requires any exception be raised in the petition itself. 

Commonwealth v. Wharton, 886 A.2d 1120, 1126 (Pa. 2005) (stating that 

the defendant “was required to plead the cognizability of his petition in the 

petition itself”); see also 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i) (providing that any 

petition shall be filed within one year of the date the judgment becomes final 

“unless the petition alleges and the petitioner proves that” one of the 

enumerated exceptions to the PCRA time-bar applies). Further, Appellant 

neither asked for, nor was granted, leave to amend his PCRA petition to 

include an exception to the PCRA time-bar. Nevertheless, the PCRA court 

reviewed and considered Appellant’s response before it dismissed his petition 

as untimely. Since the PCRA court had the opportunity to review and respond 

to Appellant’s argument below, and the Commonwealth has not objected, we 

shall address it here.
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deadly weapon enhancement was found to be unconstitutional and that he 

filed his petition within sixty days of discovering this change in the law. Id. 

at 11. Appellant cites to a 2014 pre-trial motions hearing transcript in support 

of his position that there was a change in the law. Id. However, the subject 

of the motions hearing was the unconstitutionality of mandatory minimum 

sentencing statutes, not the application of a deadly weapon enhancement 

sentencing scheme. N.T. Motions Hearing, 9/17/14, at 1-13 (discussing the 

application of Commonwealth v. Newman, 99 A.3d 86 (Pa.Super. 2014) 

(en banc) to Appellant and his co-conspirator’s cases)). Additionally, a change 

in the law in 2014 does not address the fundamental deficiency in Appellant’s 

pleading, namely, its failure to articulate how the government prevented 

Appellant from filing a timely petition.4

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4 Notably, a change in the law does not, without more, excuse a failure to file 

a timely PCRA petition. Short of an assertion of illegality on the part of 

government officials that completely deprived Appellant access to prison 

resources during the entire post-conviction period, Appellant’s ignorance 

regarding a change in the law would not meet the governmental interference 

exception. See, e.g. Commonwealth v. Bankhead, 217 A.3d 1245, 1248 

(Pa.Super. 2019) (finding that prison lockdowns did not qualify for the 

government interference exception to the PCRA time bar, since they did not 

encompass the entire relevant time frame). Further, it is well settled that, 

although issues relating to the legality of sentence are always subject to 

review within the PCRA, those claims must still first satisfy the PCRA’s time 

limits or one of the exceptions. Commonwealth v. Fahy, 737 A.2d 214, 223 

(Pa. 1999). Hence, to the extent that Appellant contends that the court 

imposed an illegal sentence, that assertion is insufficient to overcome the 

PCRA time-bar.
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Accordingly, since Appellant filed his petition more than a year after his 

judgment of sentence became final, and has failed to plead and prove that an 

exception to the PCRA’s time constraints apply, we affirm the order of the 

PCRA court dismissing the petition as untimely.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 3/5/2021