# Patent

## Title
System and method for filtering time division multiple access telephone communications

## Abstract

A system and method are presented for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter. The system includes a tunable ferro-electric bandpass filter (FE BPF), a controller, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a power amplifier (PA). The FE BPF has a control input to accept tuning voltage signals from the controller and two signal ports. In response to the tuning voltage signals, the FE BPF selects a transmit or receive frequency passband between the signal ports. The FE BPF first signal port is connected to the LNA and the PA and the FE BPF second signal port is connected to an antenna in a wireless device. The LNA and PA are activated and deactivated in response to control signals from the controller.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This patent application is a divisional patent application of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/452,464, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FILTERING TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS” filed Jun. 2, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,720,443 and incorporated by reference in its entirety, herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to wireless telephone communications and, more particularly, to a system and method for using a common filter for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmit and receive communications.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram depicting an automatic switch, a transmit bandpass filter, and a receive bandpass filter in a wireless communications device transceiving half duplex communications (prior art). As shown in FIG. 5, wireless devices transceiving half duplex communications typically have a fixed-tuned Tx bandpass filter (BPF) and a fixed-tuned Rx BPF to meet filtering specifications. Current system architecture forces the Tx BPF and the Rx BPF to each have a bandwidth sufficient to accommodate operation of any Tx or Rx single channel in any region of the respective Tx or Rx system band.
These fixed-tuned filters have the contradictory objectives of achieving the lowest possible passband insertion loss (IL) while simultaneously achieving a specified large out-of-band rejection and small size. Selectivity over the full range of the Tx and Rx system passbands is obtained using relatively complex Tx and Rx filters. That is, the order of the filters (number of resonators), is relatively large. High order (greater than 2nd order) fixed-tuned filters constructed from either individual coaxial resonator elements or monoblock structures are conventionally used. Complex Tx and Rx BPFs negatively impact a wireless device. First, using a higher order filter quickly increases the IL of the filter. That is, as the number of resonators in the filters increases, the filters become more lossy. In addition, to satisfy out-of-band rejection specifications, a transmission zero is usually required, with the added disadvantage of increasing IL at the band edge. Second, increasing the number of resonators in the filters typically increases the costs for manufacturing the filters. Because of variations in ceramics and fabrication tolerances, vendors must individually adjust the characteristics of fixed-tuned filters during their manufacture, further increasing costs. Third, more complex filters require more space in a wireless device. Regarding the last point, the desire to make smaller devices with increased functionality creates a need to reduce the number or size or both of the components in devices. However, increasing the number or size of filters can limit the size to which a wireless device can be reduced, or can limit space available in the wireless device for other components.
Fixed-tuned BPFs also can act to limit the useable applications for the wireless device containing the BPFs. For example, PCS bands in different geographical areas such as the U.S., Korea, and India have different frequency band specifications. Therefore, if more than one PCS frequency band is to be supported in a wireless device (for example, if the wireless device is to be useable in more than one of the above countries), multiple fixed-tuned BPFs are necessary, further exacerbating the disadvantages noted above. Such multiple BPFs would be necessary even if the power amplifier and low noise amplifier used in the wireless device have sufficient bandwidth to operate over these multiple bands.
It would be advantageous if the width of filter passbands in a wireless device transceiving half duplex communications could be reduced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention addresses bandpass filtering in Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications, but is applicable to any half duplex system of wireless communication. The invention recognizes that high order (greater than 2nd order) fixed-tuned transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) bandpass filters (BPFs) are conventionally used in a wireless device transceiving TDMA telephone communications. The invention further recognizes that high order Tx and Rx BPFs are associated with signal power losses, increased manufacturing costs, and increased space requirements. The invention addresses these problems by using a single, tunable ferro-electric BPF (FE BPF) to replace both the Tx BPF and the Rx BPF in a wireless device transceiving TDMA telephone communications. Use of a single FE BPF allows a reduction in the width of required filter passbands and, subsequently, a reduction in required filter order.
Accordingly, a system is presented for transceiving TDMA telephone communications through a common filter. The system includes a tunable FE BPF, a controller, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a power amplifier (PA). The FE BPF has two signal ports and a control input to accept tuning voltage signals from the controller. In response to the tuning voltage signals, the FE BPF selects a Tx or Rx frequency passband between the signal ports. The FE BPF first signal port is connected to the LNA and the PA and the FE BPF second signal port is connected to an antenna in the wireless device. The controller also supplies activation and deactivation control signals. In response to an activation control signal, the LNA amplifies communications received by the wireless device transceiver and filtered by the FE BPF. In response to an activation control signal, the PA amplifies communications generated in the wireless device for filtering by the FE BPF and transmission from the wireless device. The controller coordinates the selection of Tx and Rx passbands and the functions of the LNA and PA. For example, when the wireless device is receiving communications, an Rx passband is selected, the LNA is activated, and the PA is deactivated.
Additional details of the above-described system, and a method for transceiving TDMA telephone communications through a common filter are provided below.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram depicting the system for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the use of the invention system to provide Tx and Rx channels for transceiving TDMA telephone communications in a wireless device.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the method for transceiving TDMA telephone communications through a common filter in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart further illustrating the method shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram depicting an automatic switch, a transmit bandpass filter, and a receive bandpass filter in a wireless communications device transceiving half duplex communications (prior art).



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram depicting the system 100 for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter in accordance with the present invention. The system 100 is applicable to a wireless communications device 102 using the TDMA standard and including a transceiver 103. However, the system 100 is not limited to just telephone communications and has application for use in any half duplex communication system. The system 100 includes a tunable Ferro-electric bandpass filter (FE BPF) 104 with a control input, a first signal port, and a second signal port. A controller 106 has an output connected to the FE BPF 104 control input on line 108 to supply tuning voltage signals. The FE BPF 104 alternately selects transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) passbands in response to control signals received on line 108.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of the use of the invention system 100 to provide Tx and Rx channels for transceiving TDMA telephone communications in a wireless device. The horizontal axis in FIG. 2 is frequency and the vertical axis in FIG. 2 is a unitless signal magnitude. Neither axis is scaled. In general, a lower order, single, tunable BPF, supplying single channel passbands, can replace high order (greater than 2nd order) fixed-tuned Tx and Rx BPFs in those cases where the fixed-tuned BPFs cover a mobile bandwidth that is greater than the bandwidth required for transmission or reception of a single channel. That is, the FE BPF can be tuned to cover the entire band of interest by establishing a single channel Tx or Rx passband anywhere within the Tx or Rx mobile bands. In particular, the FE BPF 104 can replace the wideband fixed-tuned Tx and Rx BPFs shown in FIG. 5. The fixed-tuned Tx and Rx BPFs each have a mobile bandwidth at least equal to 60 MHz and a single TDMA Tx or Rx channel has a narrower passband with a width of only 30 KHz. The FE BPF 104 can be tuned to produce, alternately in time, Tx and Rx 30 KHz single channel bandwidths, anywhere within the respective 60 MHz Tx and Rx mobile bands to accommodate telephone communications from and to the wireless device 102. Producing these single channels across the entire Tx and Rx mobile bands duplicates the function of the Tx and Rx BPFs, allowing the FE BPF 104 to replace the Tx and Rx BPFs. The FE BPF 104 is typically a 1st or 2nd order filter and typically has lower insertion loss (IL) for a given resonator size and type than a fixed-tuned BPF design of higher order, such as the Tx BPF and the Rx BPF in FIG. 5. In FIG. 2, a typical, individual Tx channel passband in a first moment in time is shown within the mobile Tx band and a typical, individual Rx channel passband in a second moment in time, differing from the first moment, is shown within the mobile Rx band.
The system 100 also includes a low noise amplifier (LNA) 110 and a power amplifier (PA) 112. The LNA 110 has an input connected to the first FE BPF signal port on line 116, a control input connected to the controller 106 on line 118, and an output connected to line 120. The PA 112 has an output connected to the first FE BPF 104 signal port on line 116, a control input connected to the controller 106 on line 122, and an input connected to line 124. The controller 106 supplies activation and deactivation control signals on lines 118 and 122. The second FE BPF 104 signal port is connected to antenna 125 on line 126.
The controller 106 coordinates the operation of the system 100 through the tuning voltage signals and the activation and deactivation control signals. The following sequence illustrates the operation of the system 100. It is understood that other sequences are possible. In response to the transceiver 103 receiving a communication signal, the controller 106 supplies a tuning voltage signal on line 108 selecting an appropriate single channel Rx passband in FE BPF 104 for the received communication. The antenna 125 supplies the received communication to the FE BPF 104 on line 126, the FE BPF 104 filters the communication, and the FE BPF 104 supplies the filtered communication on line 116. The controller 106 also supplies an activation control signal on line 118 activating the LNA 110 and supplies a deactivation control signal on line 122 deactivating the PA 112. The LNA 110 amplifies the communication on line 116 and supplies the amplified communication to the wireless device 102 on line 120.
In response to the PA 112 receiving a communication from the wireless device 102 on line 124 for transmission by the transceiver 103, the controller 106 supplies an activation control signal on line 122 activating the PA 112 and supplies a deactivation control signal on line 118 deactivating the LNA 110. The PA 112 supplies the amplified communication to the FE BPF 104 on line 116. The controller 106 sends a tuning voltage signal to the FE BPF 104 on line 108 selecting an appropriate single channel Tx passband for the amplified communication on line 116. In this example, the single channel passband generated by the FE BPF 104 is moved from the frequency of the Rx channel noted above to the frequency for the Tx channel required for the communication accepted by the PA 112 on line 124. The FE BPF 104 filters the communication and supplies, on line 126, the filtered communication for transmission by the antenna 125.
A first order FE BPF 104 can be implemented by using a variable capacitance capacitor and a resonator (not shown). The variable capacitance capacitor is constructed using a ferro-electric material having a variable dielectric constant responsive to the tuning voltage on line 108. The resonator has a fixed inductance. The FE BPF 104 resonates at a frequency in response to the capacitor and the resonator. The capacitance of the capacitor is adjusted by varying the ferro-electric material dielectric constant responsive to the tuning voltage. Adjusting the capacitance of the capacitor changes the resonant frequency of the resonator (and hence the passband for FE BPF 104), providing the tunability for FE BPF 104. In some aspects of the system, a volumetric resonator (not shown) is used. If a second order FE BPF 104 is required, a second variable capacitance capacitor and resonator are added to the FE BPF 104.
Examples of volumetric resonators applicable to the system 100 include, but are not limited to, monoblock, stripline, microstrip, and coaxial dielectric loaded resonators. The use of capacitors, resonators and ferro-electric material to adjust resonant frequency is fully described in a pending application, Ser. No. 09/912,753, entitled “Tunable Multiplexer”, invented by Stanly S. Toncich, filed on Jul. 24, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The FE BPF 104 also can be implemented by using a tunable resonator (not shown). The tunable resonator includes a capacitor and an inductor (not shown) arranged to produce a resonant frequency. The capacitor is a variable capacitance capacitor. The variable capacitance capacitor is constructed using a ferro-electric material having a variable dielectric constant responsive to the tuning voltage on line 108. The FE BPF 104 resonates at a frequency in response to the capacitor and the inductor. The capacitance of the capacitor is adjusted by varying the ferro-electric material dielectric constant responsive to the tuning voltage. Adjusting the capacitance changes the resonant frequency of the resonator (and hence the passband for FE BPF 104), providing the tunability for FE BPF 104.
Examples of tunable resonators applicable to the system 100 include, but are not limited to, monoblock, stripline, microstrip, and coaxial dielectric loaded resonators. The use of tunable resonators is described in a pending application, Ser. No. 09/927,136, entitled “Tunable Matching Circuit”, invented by Stanly S. Toncich, filed on Aug. 10, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the method for transceiving TDMA telephone communications through a common filter in accordance with the present invention. Although the method in FIG. 3 (and FIG. 4 below) is depicted as a sequence of numbered steps for clarity, no order should be inferred from the numbering unless explicitly stated. The method starts at Step 300. Step 302 selectively filters, alternately in time, a plurality of transmission frequency bands and receiving frequency bands, the frequencies of the transmission bands differing from the frequencies of the receiving bands. Step 304 filters to pass a first transmission frequency band from among a plurality of differing transmission frequency bands. Step 306 filters to pass a first receiving frequency band from among a plurality of differing receiving frequency bands. Step 308 receives tuning voltage signals. Step 310 receives control signals. Step 312 amplifies received communications in the first receiving frequency band in response to the control signals. Step 314 amplifies transmit communications in the first transmission frequency band in response to the control signals.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart further illustrating the method shown in FIG. 3. The method starts at Step 400. Step 402 receives a bias voltage. Step 404 forms electrical fields in dielectric separating filter resonating elements. Step 406 changes the constant of the dielectric in response to the bias voltage. Step 408 adjusts resonant frequencies in response to changing the dielectric constant. Step 410 adjusts capacitance.
A system and a method are provided for transceiving TDMA telephone communications through a common filter in accordance with the present invention. Examples of the present invention have been enabled with U.S. TDMA PCS. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to U.S. TDMA PCS. The techniques, methods, and devices taught herein are applicable to other time multiplexed systems using a plurality of selectable receiver channels, a plurality of selectable transmission channels, or a plurality of selectable transmit and receive channels. Although the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, the description is only an example of the invention's application and should not be taken as a limitation. Consequently, various adaptations and combinations of features of the embodiments disclosed are within the scope of the invention as encompassed by the following claims. Other variations and embodiments of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art.

## Claims

1. A method for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter in a wireless communications device, the method comprising:
adjusting a transmitting resonant frequency in response to a tuning voltage signal;
turning on a power amplifier (PA) in response to a power amplifier (PA) activation signal, wherein the PA amplifies signals for transmission with a tunable ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the PA activation signal;
turning off a low noise amplifier (LNA) in response to a LNA deactivation signal;
after the power amplifier is turned on and the LNA is turned off, transmitting transmission communications in the adjusted transmitting resonant frequency band;
turning off the power amplifier in response to a power amplifier deactivation signal;
adjusting a receiving resonant frequency, different from the transmitting resonant frequency, in response to the tuning voltage signal;
turning on the low noise amplifier (LNA) in response to a LNA activation signal; and,
after the power amplifier is turned off and the LNA is turned on, receiving communications in the adjusted receiving resonant frequency band.

2. A method for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter, the method comprising:
selectively filtering to produce transmitter frequency passbands and receiver frequency passbands, different than the receiver frequency passbands;
at a first time, transmitting filtered communications in the transmitter frequency passband, when a power amplifier (PA) is on and an LNA is off, wherein the PA amplifies signals for transmission in a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the PA being on; and,
at a second time, different than the first time, receiving communications in the receiver frequency passband, when the power amplifier (PA) is off and the LNA is on.

3. A method comprising:
when a common filter is tuned to a transmission frequency band, deactivating a low noise amplifier (LNA) and activating a power amplifier (PA) to transmit Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone transmission communications through the common filter, wherein the PA amplifies signals for transmission in a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to activating the PA; and
when the common filter is tuned to a receiving frequency band, deactivating the power amplifier (PA) and activating the low noise amplifier (LNA) to receive TDMA telephone transmission communications through the common filter.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band; and
alternately in time to tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band, tuning the common filter to the receiving frequency band.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band comprises
filtering to pass the transmission frequency band from among a plurality of differing transmission frequency bands; and
tuning the common filter to the receiving frequency band comprises filtering to pass the receiving frequency band from among a plurality of differing receiving frequency bands.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the LNA amplifies communications supplied by the tunable FE BPF in response to the LNA activation signal.

7. A method for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter in a wireless communications device, the method comprising:
adjusting a transmitting resonant frequency in response to a tuning voltage signal;
turning on a power amplifier (PA) in response to a power amplifier (PA) activation signal;
turning off a low noise amplifier (LNA) in response to a LNA deactivation signal;
after the power amplifier is turned on and the LNA is turned off, transmitting transmission communications in the adjusted transmitting resonant frequency band;
turning off the power amplifier in response to a power amplifier deactivation signal;
adjusting a receiving resonant frequency, different from the transmitting resonant frequency, in response to the tuning voltage signal;
turning on the low noise amplifier (LNA) in response to a LNA activation signal, wherein the LNA amplifies communications supplied by a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the LNA activation signal; and,
after the power amplifier is turned off and the LNA is turned on, receiving communications in the adjusted receiving resonant frequency band.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PA amplifies signals for transmission in a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the PA activation signal.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the LNA amplifies communications supplied by a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the LNA being on.

10. A method for transceiving Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone communications through a common filter, the method comprising:
selectively filtering to produce transmitter frequency passbands and receiver frequency passbands, different than the receiver frequency passbands;
at a first time, transmitting filtered communications in the transmitter frequency passband, when a power amplifier (PA) is on and an LNA is off; and,
at a second time, different than the first time, receiving communications in the receiver frequency passband, when the power amplifier (PA) is off and the LNA is on, wherein the LNA amplifies communications supplied by a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to the LNA being on.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the PA amplifies signals for transmission in the tunable FE BPF in response to the PA being on.

12. A method comprising:
when a common filter is tuned to a transmission frequency band, deactivating a low noise amplifier (LNA) and activating a power amplifier (PA) to transmit Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) telephone transmission communications through the common filter; and
when the common filter is tuned to a receiving frequency band, deactivating the power amplifier (PA) and activating the low noise amplifier (LNA) to receive TDMA telephone transmission communications through the common filter, wherein the LNA amplifies communications supplied by a tunable, ferro-electric band pass filter (FE BPF) in response to activating the LNA.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band; and
alternately in time to tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band, tuning the common filter to the receiving frequency band.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein:
tuning the common filter to the transmission frequency band comprises
filtering to pass the transmission frequency band from among a plurality of differing transmission frequency bands; and
tuning the common filter to the receiving frequency band comprises filtering to pass the receiving frequency band from among a plurality of differing receiving frequency bands.