II 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3788 

To address the homelessness and housing crises, to move toward the goal 

of providing for a home for all Americans, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MARCH 8 (legislative day, MARCH 7), 2022 

Mr. PADILLA introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 

A BILL 

To address the homelessness and housing crises, to move 

toward the goal of providing for a home for all Americans, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Housing for All Act of 2022’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

TITLE I—ADDRESSING THE HOUSING SHORTAGE 

Sec. 101. Housing Trust Fund. 


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Sec. 102. Section 202 supportive housing for the elderly program. 

Sec. 103. Section 811 supportive housing for people with disabilities. 

Sec. 104. HOME Investment Partnerships Program. 

Sec. 105. Technical assistance for navigating Federal and State housing funding sources. 

Sec. 106. Permanent authorization of United States Interagency Council on 

Homelessness and establishment of racial equity commission. 

TITLE II—ADDRESSING HOMELESSNESS 

Sec. 201. Expansion of housing choice voucher program. 

Sec. 202. Project-based rental assistance. 

Sec. 203. Emergency solutions grant program. 

Sec. 204. Continuum of care grant program. 

Sec. 205. Program administration, training, technical assistance, and capacity 

building. 

Sec. 206. GAO report on eviction data. 

TITLE III—INVESTING IN INNOVATIVE COMMUNITY-DRIVEN 

SOLUTIONS 

Sec. 301. Safe parking program grants. 

Sec. 302. Hotel, motel, and commercial acquisitions and conversions to permanent housing. 

Sec. 303. Eviction protection grant program. 

Sec. 304. Mobile crisis intervention teams grants. 

Sec. 305. Library consortium pilot grants. 

Sec. 306. Report on inclusive transit-oriented development to enhance climate 

mitigation and disaster resiliency. 

Sec. 307. Establishing an innovation pilot within the carbon reduction program. 

Sec. 308. Making infill housing and other transportation efficiency projects eligible for RAISE grants. 

1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this Act: 

3 (1) AT RISK OF HOMELESSNESS.—The term 

4 ‘‘at risk of homelessness’’ has the meaning given the 

5 term in section 401 of the McKinney-Vento Home6 less Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11360). 

7 (2) HOMELESS.—The term ‘‘homeless’’ has the 

8 meaning given the term in section 103 of the 

9 McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 

10 U.S.C. 11302). 


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1 (3) JUSTICE SYSTEM-INVOLVED.—The term 

2 ‘‘justice system-involved’’ includes individuals who 

3 are or have been incarcerated or held in municipal, 

4 State, or Federal jails, prisons, juvenile facilities, or 

5 other types of detention facilities, who have been 

6 held in pre-trial or post-conviction detention, who 

7 have an arrest or conviction regardless of whether 

8 they were detained or incarcerated, who have been 

9 held in immigration detention, or, with respect to 

10 youth, who are or have been held in the custody of 

11 the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Depart12 ment of Health and Human Services. 

13 (4) POPULATION AT HIGHER RISK OF HOME14 LESSNESS.— 

15 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘population 

16 at higher risk of homelessness’’ means a group 

17 of individuals that is defined by a common 

18 characteristic and that has been found to expe19 rience homelessness, housing instability, or to 

20 be cost-burdened at a rate higher than that of 

21 the general public. 

22 (B) HIGHER RATE.—Information that may 

23 be used in demonstrating such a higher rate in24 cludes data generated by the Federal Govern25 ment, by State or municipal governments, by 


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1 peer-reviewed research, and by organizations 

2 having expertise in working with or advocating 

3 on behalf of homeless, housing unstable, or 

4 cost-burdened groups. 

5 (C) INCLUDED POPULATIONS.—Such term 

6 shall include populations for which such higher 

7 rate has already been demonstrated, including 

8 Asian, Black, Latino, Native American, Native 

9 Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and other commu10 nities of color, individuals with disabilities, in11 cluding mental health disabilities, elderly indi12 viduals, foster and former foster youth, lesbian, 

13 gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individ14 uals, gender non-binary and gender non-con15 forming individuals, veterans, and such addi16 tional communities and individuals as the Sec17 retary may include after receiving public com18 ment. 

19 (5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

20 the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. 


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1 TITLE I—ADDRESSING THE 

2 HOUSING SHORTAGE 

3 SEC. 101. HOUSING TRUST FUND. 

4 Section 1338(a) of the Federal Housing Enterprises 

5 Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 

6 4568(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 

8 There is authorized to be appropriated to the Hous9 ing Trust Fund $45,000,000,000 for each of fiscal 

10 years 2022 through 2031.’’. 

11 SEC. 102. SECTION 202 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR THE EL12 DERLY PROGRAM. 

13 There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec14 retary for fiscal year 2022, to remain available until Sep15 tember 30, 2031— 

16 (1) $2,500,000,000 for the supportive housing 

17 for the elderly program authorized under section 202 

18 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q), 

19 which shall be used— 

20 (A) for capital advance awards in accord21 ance with section 202(c)(1) of the Housing Act 

22 of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(c)(1)) to recipients 

23 that are eligible under that Act; 

24 (B) for section 8 project-based rental as25 sistance contracts in accordance with subsection 


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1 (b) of this section and section 8 of the United 

2 States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f), 

3 for capital advance projects; and 

4 (C) for service coordinators; 

5 (2) $15,000,000, to provide technical assistance 

6 to support State-level efforts to improve the design 

7 and delivery of voluntary supportive services for resi8 dents of any housing assisted under the Housing Act 

9 of 1959 (Public Law 101–625) and other housing 

10 supporting low-income older adults; and 

11 (3) $125,000,000 for the costs to the Secretary 

12 of administration and oversight. 

13 SEC. 103. SECTION 811 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR PEOPLE 

14 WITH DISABILITIES. 

15 There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec16 retary for fiscal year 2022, to remain available until Sep17 tember 30, 2031— 

18 (1) $900,000,000 for capital advances, includ19 ing amendments to capital advance contracts, for 

20 supportive housing for persons with disabilities, as 

21 authorized by section 811 of the Cranston-Gonzalez 

22 National Affordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 8013), 

23 for project rental assistance for supportive housing 

24 for persons with disabilities under subsection (d)(2) 

25 of such section 811 (42 U.S.C. 8013), for project asVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:07 Mar 10, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3788.IS S3788

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1 sistance contracts pursuant to section 202(h) of the 

2 Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)), and for 

3 project rental assistance to State housing finance 

4 agencies and other appropriate entities as authorized 

5 under subsection (b)(3) of such section 811 (42 

6 U.S.C. 8013); 

7 (2) $15,000,000 for providing technical assist8 ance to support State-level efforts to integrate hous9 ing assistance and voluntary supportive services for 

10 residents of housing receiving such assistance; and 

11 (3) $87,000,000 for the costs to the Secretary 

12 of administration and oversight. 

13 SEC. 104. HOME INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIPS PROGRAM. 

14 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

15 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 

16 year 2022, to remain available until September 30, 

17 2031— 

18 (1) $40,000,000,000, for activities and assist19 ance for the HOME Investment Partnerships Pro20 gram (in this section referred to as the ‘‘HOME 

21 program’’), as authorized under title II of the Cran22 ston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (42 

23 U.S.C. 12721 et seq.); 

24 (2) $100,000,000 to make new awards to or in25 crease prior awards to existing technical assistance 


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1 providers, including for technical assistance to 

2 grantees regarding best practices for coordination of 

3 available funds provided under this section with 

4 other forms of assistance, such as with project-based 

5 rental assistance; and 

6 (3) $360,000,000 for the costs to the Secretary 

7 of administration and oversight of the HOME pro8 gram and the Housing Trust Fund established 

9 under section 1338(a) of the Federal Housing En10 terprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 

11 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4568(a)). 

12 (b) ADMINISTRATION.—Notwithstanding subsections 

13 (c) and (d)(1) of section 212 of the Cranston-Gonzalez 

14 National Affordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 12742), eligi15 ble grantees may use not more than 15 percent of their 

16 allocations under this section for administrative and plan17 ning costs. 

18 SEC. 105. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR NAVIGATING FED19 ERAL AND STATE HOUSING FUNDING 

20 SOURCES. 

21 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish 

22 a grant program to provide technical assistance to States 

23 relating to the understanding of the relationship between 

24 Federal and State housing funding sources and how to 

25 best use those sources to finance housing projects in the 


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1 State, such as permanent supportive housing, including 

2 resources, tools, and products that— 

3 (1) provide assistance on coordinating a single 

4 application for multiple funding sources; 

5 (2) provide assistance on consolidating funding 

6 sources and implementing reporting requirements at 

7 the State level; and 

8 (3) support staff capacity within State housing 

9 finance agencies to maintain the collaborations and 

10 systems necessary to better align types of funding 

11 with need and expand access to housing stability. 

12 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

13 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums 

14 as may be necessary, to remain available until expended, 

15 to carry out this section. 

16 SEC. 106. PERMANENT AUTHORIZATION OF UNITED STATES 

17 INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON HOMELESSNESS 

18 AND ESTABLISHMENT OF RACIAL EQUITY 

19 COMMISSION. 

20 Title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 

21 Act (42 U.S.C. 11311 et seq.) is amended— 

22 (1) in section 208 (42 U.S.C. 11318), by strik23 ing the sentence and inserting the following: ‘‘There 

24 is authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year 

25 $10,000,000 to carry out this title.’’; and 


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1 (2) by striking section 209 (42 U.S.C. 11319) 

2 and inserting the following: 

3 ‘‘SEC. 209. RACIAL EQUITY COMMISSION. 

4 ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established a com6 mission to be known as the Commission on Racial 

7 Equity in Housing (in this section referred to as the 

8 ‘Commission’) to support the Council with efforts to 

9 conduct research into, collect, analyze, and make 

10 publicly available data on, and provide leadership 

11 and coordination for furthering racial equity in 

12 housing, examining the impacts of structural racism 

13 on housing and homelessness, and the effectiveness 

14 of intervention strategies to address these impacts. 

15 ‘‘(2) REPORTING.—The Commission shall re16 port to the Executive Director of the Council and 

17 work in partnership with employees of the Council. 

18 ‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 

19 ‘‘(1) COMPOSITION.—The Commission shall be 

20 composed of 14 members, who shall be— 

21 ‘‘(A) appointed by the Executive Director 

22 of the Council not later than January 1, 2024; 

23 and 

24 ‘‘(B) fairly balanced in terms of points of 

25 view represented and background experience. 


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1 ‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—Each member of the 

2 Commission shall have— 

3 ‘‘(A) proven expertise in directing, assem4 bling, or applying capital resources from a vari5 ety of sources to the successful development of 

6 affordable housing, assisted living facilities, or 

7 health care facilities; 

8 ‘‘(B) lived experience with homelessness; or 

9 ‘‘(C) demonstrated experience in— 

10 ‘‘(i) homeless services, affordable 

11 housing, or housing law; and 

12 ‘‘(ii) racial equity work. 

13 ‘‘(3) CO-CHAIRPERSONS.—The Executive Direc14 tor shall appoint 2 co-chairpersons of the Commis15 sion from among the members of the Commission. 

16 ‘‘(4) VACANCIES.—Any vacancy on the Com17 mission shall not affect its powers and shall be filled 

18 in the manner in which the original appointment was 

19 made. 

20 ‘‘(5) PROHIBITION OF PAY.—Members of the 

21 Commission shall serve without pay. 

22 ‘‘(6) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Each member of the 

23 Commission shall receive travel expenses, including 

24 per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with 


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1 sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States 

2 Code. 

3 ‘‘(7) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of 

4 the Commission shall constitute a quorum but a 

5 lesser number may hold hearings. 

6 ‘‘(8) MEETINGS.—The Commission shall meet 

7 at the call of the co-chairpersons of the Commission. 

8 ‘‘(c) DIRECTOR AND STAFF.— 

9 ‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Commission shall have a 

10 Director who shall be— 

11 ‘‘(A) appointed by the co-chairpersons of 

12 the Commission; and 

13 ‘‘(B) paid at a rate not to exceed the rate 

14 of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive 

15 Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, United 

16 States Code. 

17 ‘‘(2) STAFF.—The Commission may appoint 

18 personnel as appropriate subject to the provisions of 

19 title 5, United States Code, governing appointments 

20 in the competitive service, and who shall be paid in 

21 accordance with the provisions of chapter 51 and 

22 subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to 

23 classification and General Schedule pay rates. 

24 ‘‘(3) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Coun25 cil may procure temporary and intermittent services 


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1 to support the work of the Commission under sec2 tion 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, but at 

3 rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equiva4 lent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay pay5 able for the General Schedule. 

6 ‘‘(4) STAFF OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Upon re7 quest of the Council and the Commission, the head 

8 of any Federal department or agency may detail, on 

9 a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of that 

10 department or agency to the Commission to assist it 

11 in carrying out its duties under this section. 

12 ‘‘(d) DUTIES.—The Commission shall— 

13 ‘‘(1) work with the Council to make rec14 ommendations, inform, and participate in efforts to 

15 conduct research into, collect, analyze, and make 

16 publicly available data on, and provide leadership 

17 and coordination for furthering racial equity in 

18 housing, examining the impacts of structural racism 

19 on housing and homelessness, and the effectiveness 

20 of intervention strategies to address these impacts; 

21 and 

22 ‘‘(2) work with the Council to implement the 

23 Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Home24 lessness. 


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1 ‘‘(e) REPORTS.—The Council shall submit to Con2 gress, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 

3 the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Sec4 retary of Transportation, the Secretary of Education, the 

5 Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Defense, the Sec6 retary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 

7 the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, the 

8 Secretary of the Interior, the Chair of the Federal Re9 serve, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Director of 

10 the Office of Thrift Supervision, the Chair of the Federal 

11 Deposit Insurance Corporation, and such other individuals 

12 as the Commission determines relevant an annual report 

13 on research findings with recommendations to improve ra14 cial equity in housing and to disrupt processes that pre15 serve and reinforce racism and racial disparities in hous16 ing and homelessness services. 

17 ‘‘(f) TERMINATION.—Section 14 of the Federal Advi18 sory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to 

19 the Commission. 

20 ‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

21 is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec22 essary to carry out this section.’’. 


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1 TITLE II—ADDRESSING 

2 HOMELESSNESS 

3 SEC. 201. EXPANSION OF HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER PRO4 GRAM. 

5 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

6 (1) ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD.—The term ‘‘eligible 

7 household’’ means a family who initially— 

8 (A) has an income that does not exceed 50 

9 percent of the maximum income limitation for 

10 extremely low-income families established by the 

11 Secretary pursuant to section 3(b)(2)(C) of the 

12 United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 

13 1437a(b)(2)(C)); or 

14 (B) is an extremely low-income family that 

15 includes an individual who is an individual who 

16 is a recipient of supplemental security income 

17 benefits under title XVI of the Social Security 

18 Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.). 

19 (2) EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME FAMILY; PUBLIC

20 HOUSING AGENCY; STATE.—The terms ‘‘extremely 

21 low-income family’’, ‘‘public housing agency’’, and 

22 ‘‘State’’ have the meanings given those terms in sec23 tion 3(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 

24 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)). 

25 (b) EXPANDED VOUCHERS.— 


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1 (1) FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of 

2 any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro3 priated, for providing incremental vouchers for rent4 al assistance under section 8(o) of the United States 

5 Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)) in ac6 cordance with this section for each of fiscal years 

7 2022 through 2025, the amount necessary to fund— 

8 (A) the number of incremental vouchers 

9 required to be allocated under paragraph (2); 

10 (B) annual renewals of the vouchers allo11 cated under paragraph (2); and 

12 (C) administrative fees for vouchers allo13 cated under paragraph (2). 

14 (2) ALLOCATION.— 

15 (A) INCREMENTAL VOUCHERS.—The Sec16 retary shall allocate 500,000 incremental vouch17 ers in fiscal year 2022 and 1,000,000 incre18 mental vouchers in increments of 500,000 in 

19 each calendar year from 2023 through 2025 

20 under this section to public housing agencies 

21 pursuant to section 213(d) of the Housing and 

22 Community Development Act of 1974 (42 

23 U.S.C. 1439(d)). 

24 (B) SELECTION CRITERIA.—The Secretary 

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1 lish selection criteria under section 213(d) of 

2 the Housing and Community Development Act 

3 of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 1439(d)) that prioritizes 

4 housing needs among eligible households and 

5 severe housing hardship, such as experiencing 

6 homelessness, overcrowding, or evictions. 

7 (c) ENTITLEMENT TO VOUCHERS.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that 

9 is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 

10 any family that is otherwise eligible for tenant-based 

11 rental assistance under section 8(o) of the United 

12 States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)) 

13 shall be entitled to that rental assistance during any 

14 period that the family is an eligible household. 

15 (2) FUNDING.—There is appropriated, out of 

16 any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro17 priated, such sums as may be necessary— 

18 (A) to provide assistance under section 

19 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 

20 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)) in accordance with the en21 titlement under paragraph (1) of this sub22 section for each eligible household in the 

23 amount determined under such section 8(o); 

24 and 


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1 (B) to provide administrative fees under 

2 section 8(q) of the United States Housing Act 

3 of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(q)) in connection 

4 with each voucher for assistance provided pur5 suant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. 

6 SEC. 202. PROJECT-BASED RENTAL ASSISTANCE. 

7 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi8 tion to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized 

9 to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal year 2022, 

10 to remain available until September 30, 2031— 

11 (1) $14,500,000,000 for the project-based rent12 al assistance program, as authorized under section 

13 8(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 

14 U.S.C. 1437f(b), subject to the terms and conditions 

15 of subsection (b) of this section; 

16 (2) $40,000,000 for providing technical assist17 ance to recipients of or applicants for project-based 

18 rental assistance or to States allocating the project19 based rental assistance; and 

20 (3) $200,000,000 for the costs to the Secretary 

21 of administration and oversight. 

22 (b) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.— 

23 (1) AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding section 8(a) 

24 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 


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1 U.S.C. 1437f(a)), the Secretary may use amounts 

2 made available under this section— 

3 (A) to provide assistance payments with 

4 respect to newly constructed housing, existing 

5 housing, or substantially rehabilitated non-hous6 ing structures for use as new multifamily hous7 ing in accordance with this section and the pro8 visions of section 8 of the United States Hous9 ing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f); and 

10 (B) for performance-based contract admin11 istrators for project-based assistance under sec12 tion 8 of the United States Housing Act of 

13 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f), for carrying out this 

14 section and section 8 of the United States 

15 Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f). 

16 (2) PROJECT-BASED RENTAL ASSISTANCE.— 

17 (A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may 

18 make assistance payments using amounts made 

19 available under this section pursuant to con20 tracts with owners or prospective owners who 

21 agree to construct housing, to substantially re22 habilitate existing housing, to substantially re23 habilitate non-housing structures for use as new 

24 multifamily housing, or to attach the assistance 

25 to newly constructed housing in which some or 


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1 all of the units shall be available for occupancy 

2 by very low-income families in accordance with 

3 the provisions of section 8 of the United States 

4 Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f), under 

5 terms determined by the Secretary. 

6 (B) PRIORITY.—In awarding contracts 

7 pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall 

8 give priority to owners or prospective owners of 

9 multifamily housing projects located or to be lo10 cated in areas of high opportunity, as defined 

11 by the Secretary, in areas experiencing eco12 nomic growth or rising housing prices to pre13 vent displacement or secure affordable housing 

14 for low-income households, or that serve people 

15 at risk of homelessness or that integrate addi16 tional units that are accessible for persons with 

17 mobility impairments and persons with hearing 

18 or visual impairments beyond those required by 

19 applicable Federal accessibility standards. 

20 SEC. 203. EMERGENCY SOLUTIONS GRANT PROGRAM. 

21 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

22 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 

23 year 2022 $5,000,000,000, to remain available until Sep24 tember 30, 2031, to make grants under the emergency so25 lutions grant program authorized under subtitle B of title 


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1 IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 

2 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.). 

3 (b) MAXIMUM ALLOCATION FOR EMERGENCY SHEL4 TER ACTIVITIES.—A recipient of a grant using amounts 

5 appropriated under subsection (a) in any fiscal year may 

6 not use an amount of the assistance for emergency shelter 

7 activities that exceeds the greater of— 

8 (1) 40 percent of the aggregate amount of that 

9 assistance provided for the grantee for that fiscal 

10 year; or 

11 (2) the amount expended by the grantee for 

12 emergency shelter activities during fiscal year 2010. 

13 SEC. 204. CONTINUUM OF CARE GRANT PROGRAM. 

14 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

15 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 

16 year 2022 $15,000,000,000, to remain available until the 

17 end of fiscal year 2031, to make grants under the con18 tinuum of care program authorized under subtitle C of 

19 the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 

20 11381 et seq.). 

21 (b) MINIMUM ALLOCATION FOR PERMANENT HOUS22 ING FOR HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES WITH

23 DISABILITIES.—Of amounts appropriated under sub24 section (a) for a fiscal year, not less than 50 percent shall 

25 be used for permanent housing for homeless individuals 


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1 with disabilities and homeless families that include such 

2 an individual who is an adult or a minor head of household 

3 if no adult is present in the household. 

4 (c) PRIORITIZATION OF CONTINUUM OF CARE.—In 

5 awarding grants using amounts appropriated under sub6 section (a), the Secretary shall prioritize funding for appli7 cants that provide documentation of coordination with cer8 tain systems serving young people and can answer ques9 tions regarding how the applicant works with child welfare 

10 organizations, the juvenile and adult justice system, and 

11 institutions of mental and physical health to ensure that 

12 participants in the programs are not released into home13 lessness. 

14 SEC. 205. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION, TRAINING, TECH15 NICAL ASSISTANCE, AND CAPACITY BUILD16 ING. 

17 In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is 

18 authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022, to re19 main available until expended— 

20 (1) $1,000,000,000 to the Secretary for the 

21 costs to the Secretary of administering and over22 seeing the implementation of this title and the pro23 grams of the Department of Housing and Urban 

24 Development generally and new awards or increasing 

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1 ance, and capacity building related to the programs 

2 of the Department of Housing and Urban Develop3 ment; 

4 (2) $5,000,000 to the United States Inter5 agency Council on Homelessness for necessary ex6 penses in carrying out the functions of the Council 

7 pursuant to title II of the McKinney-Vento Home8 less Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11311 et seq.); and 

9 (3) $10,000,000 to the Secretary for necessary 

10 salaries and expenses of the Office of the Inspector 

11 General of the Department of Housing and Urban 

12 Development in carrying out the Inspector General 

13 Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.). 

14 SEC. 206. GAO REPORT ON EVICTION DATA. 

15 Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 

16 of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 

17 shall submit to Congress a report that examines— 

18 (1) with respect to eviction moratoriums during 

19 the COVID–19 pandemic— 

20 (A) how eviction moratoriums have con21 tributed to housing stability; 

22 (B) an analysis of formal and informal 

23 evictions during the periods in which the mora24 toriums were in effect; and 


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1 (C) an economic analysis of how the evic2 tion moratoriums saved public funds, such as 

3 by reducing shelter costs; 

4 (2) whether women, Black, Hispanic, and other 

5 minority renters disproportionately faced eviction 

6 during the COVID–19 pandemic, and an accounting 

7 of the disproportionate risk of eviction faced by vet8 erans, children, the elderly, and individuals living 

9 with disabilities during the COVID–19 pandemic; 

10 (3) the barriers that exist to collecting the data 

11 related to paragraphs (1) and (2); 

12 (4) the barriers that exist to collecting, 

13 digitizing, and standardizing data from the begin14 ning to the end of the eviction process, such as pre15 eviction information, the renter’s race or ethnicity, 

16 age and gender, as well as the composition of the 

17 household and landlord data; and 

18 (5) a study of the relationship between emer19 gency rental assistance distribution and eviction pat20 terns, as well as how emergency rental assistance af21 fected evictions, during the periods in which the 

22 eviction moratoriums were in effect during the 

23 COVID–19 pandemic. 


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1 TITLE III—INVESTING IN INNO2 VATIVE COMMUNITY-DRIVEN 

3 SOLUTIONS 

4 SEC. 301. SAFE PARKING PROGRAM GRANTS. 

5 (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

6 (1) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti7 ty’’ means— 

8 (A) a unit of general purpose local govern9 ment; 

10 (B) an Indian tribe or a tribally designated 

11 housing entity (as those terms are defined in 

12 section 4 of the Native American Housing As13 sistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 

14 (25 U.S.C. 4103)); 

15 (C) a nonprofit organization that provides 

16 services to homeless persons; or 

17 (D) a collaborative applicant or other orga18 nization or entity funded under the Continuum 

19 of Care program under subtitle C of title IV of 

20 the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 

21 (42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.). 

22 (2) ESSENTIAL SERVICE.—The term ‘‘essential 

23 service’’ means an essential service described in sec24 tion 576.102 of title 24, Code of Federal Regula25 tions, or any successor regulation. 


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1 (3) HOMELESS PERSON.—The term ‘‘homeless 

2 person’’ has the meaning given the term in section 

3 103 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 

4 Act (42 U.S.C. 11302). 

5 (4) SAFE PARKING PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘safe 

6 parking program’’ means a program that— 

7 (A) provides a homeless person living in a 

8 vehicle, including a motor home, with a safe 

9 place to park the vehicle overnight to facilitate 

10 a transition to more stable housing; and 

11 (B) provides permanent rehousing services 

12 and essential services. 

13 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—Not later than 

14 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec15 retary shall establish a grant program to provide amounts 

16 to eligible entities for costs associated with— 

17 (1) the establishment and operation of a new 

18 safe parking program; or 

19 (2) the operation of a safe parking program in 

20 existence as of the date on which amounts are pro21 vided. 

22 (c) GRANT TERM.—The term of a grant awarded 

23 under subsection (b) shall be 5 years. 

24 (d) AMOUNT.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—During the 5-year term of a 

2 grant awarded under subsection (b), the Secretary 

3 shall distribute 20 percent of the grant amounts 

4 each year. 

5 (2) CAP.—An eligible entity may not receive 

6 more than $5,000,000 in grant amounts under sub7 section (b). 

8 (e) APPLICATIONS.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a 

10 grant under subsection (b), an eligible entity shall 

11 submit an application to the Secretary at the time, 

12 in the manner, and containing the information that 

13 the Secretary requires, including a description of 

14 how the eligible entity will use any amounts received. 

15 (2) PRIORITY.—The Secretary shall give pri16 ority to applications from eligible entities that serve 

17 homeless persons in underserved areas (as defined in 

18 section 81.2 of title 24, Code of Federal Regula19 tions, or any successor regulation). 

20 (f) USE OF FUNDS.—Except as provided in sub21 section (h), any eligible entity that is awarded a grant 

22 under subsection (b) shall use the grant amounts for costs 

23 associated with— 

24 (1) establishing and operating a safe parking 

25 program; 


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1 (2) providing permanent rehousing assistance to 

2 families using the safe parking program, such as 

3 case management services; 

4 (3) employing staff who maintain the safety 

5 and health of participants in the safe parking pro6 gram and monitor program compliance with subtitle 

7 C of title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless As8 sistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.), if applicable; 

9 (4) establishing and maintaining the operation 

10 of hygiene facilities and restrooms for homeless per11 sons; 

12 (5) maintaining the vehicles of homeless per13 sons using a safe parking program and providing 

14 gas for those persons to use their vehicles for activi15 ties that will help them obtain or maintain housing, 

16 including— 

17 (A) driving to work, school, or medical ap18 pointments; and 

19 (B) searching for a home; or 

20 (6) entering data and information into a home21 less management information system (as that term 

22 is used in section 402(f)(3) of the McKinney-Vento 

23 Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11360a(f)(3))). 

24 (g) MULTIPLE LOCATIONS.—An eligible entity may 

25 use amounts provided under subsection (b) to establish or 


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1 continue operating a safe parking program at multiple lo2 cations. 

3 (h) ALTERNATIVE USE OF FUNDS.—If an eligible en4 tity determines that a safe parking program is no longer 

5 necessary, the eligible entity may, after approval from the 

6 Secretary, use amounts provided under subsection (b) for 

7 activities that are eligible for the use of Emergency Solu8 tions Grants Program amounts under section 415 of the 

9 McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 

10 11374). 

11 (i) REHOUSING AND CASE MANAGEMENT SERV12 ICES.—A homeless person who makes use of a safe park13 ing program established or operated using amounts 

14 awarded under subsection (b) shall not be required to ac15 cept case management or rehousing services offered as 

16 part of the program. 

17 (j) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 

18 (1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 

19 after the last day of the second fiscal year beginning 

20 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec21 retary shall submit to Congress an initial report on 

22 the impact of grants awarded under subsection (b), 

23 including, to the extent determinable, any data 

24 about— 


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1 (A) the number of homeless persons living 

2 in vehicles in the geographic region over which 

3 the eligible entity has jurisdiction, or in which 

4 the eligible entity operates, during each of the 

5 7 previous years; 

6 (B) the demographics and number of 

7 homeless persons who choose to participate in a 

8 safe parking program; and 

9 (C) the number of homeless persons who 

10 choose to participate in a safe parking program 

11 and exit into permanent housing. 

12 (2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 

13 after the last day of the fifth fiscal year beginning 

14 after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec15 retary shall submit to Congress a final report on the 

16 impact of grants awarded under subsection (b), in17 cluding, to the extent determinable, any data de18 scribed in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of para19 graph (1) of this subsection. 

20 (k) TERMINATION OF GRANT PROGRAM.—The Sec21 retary may not award a grant under subsection (b) after 

22 the last day of the fifth fiscal year beginning after the 

23 date of enactment of this Act. 

24 (l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

25 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 


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1 $25,000,000 for each of the first 5 fiscal years beginning 

2 after the date of enactment of this Act. 

3 SEC. 302. HOTEL, MOTEL, AND COMMERCIAL ACQUISITIONS 

4 AND CONVERSIONS TO PERMANENT HOUS5 ING. 

6 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

7 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 

8 year 2022, $500,000,000, to remain available until Sep9 tember 30, 2031, for— 

10 (1) projects related to the acquisition, rehabili11 tation, renovation, or conversion of transitional 

12 housing, temporary shelters, and other spaces, such 

13 as hotels, motels, government-owned properties, and 

14 commercial business spaces such as shopping malls, 

15 to address urgent safety and public health needs for 

16 individuals experiencing homelessness and housing 

17 instability, provided that the funds are used for non18 congregate shelter or creating more permanent sup19 portive housing; and 

20 (2) supportive services for individuals housed in 

21 the spaces described in paragraph (1), including— 

22 (A) activities listed in section 401(29) of 

23 the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 

24 (42 U.S.C. 11360(29)); 

25 (B) housing counseling; and 


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1 (C) homeless prevention services. 

2 (b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall have au3 thority to issue such regulations or other notices, guid4 ance, forms, instructions, and publications as may be nec5 essary or appropriate to carry out the programs, projects, 

6 or activities authorized under this section, including to en7 sure that such programs, projects, or activities are com8 pleted in a timely and effective manner. 

9 SEC. 303. EVICTION PROTECTION GRANT PROGRAM. 

10 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

11 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 

12 year 2022, $800,000,000, to remain available until Sep13 tember 30, 2031, for an eviction protection grant program 

14 established by the Secretary to support experienced legal 

15 service providers in providing legal assistance at no cost 

16 to low-income tenants at risk of or subject to eviction. 

17 (b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall have au18 thority to issue such regulations or other notices, guid19 ance, forms, instructions, and publications as may be nec20 essary or appropriate to carry out the programs, projects, 

21 or activities authorized under this section, including to en22 sure that such programs, projects, or activities are com23 pleted in a timely and effective manner. 


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1 SEC. 304. MOBILE CRISIS INTERVENTION TEAMS GRANTS. 

2 (a) GRANT AUTHORIZATION.—The Attorney General 

3 may make grants to States, units of local government, 

4 public and community defender systems, and nonprofit or5 ganizations to create or expand mobile crisis intervention 

6 teams to address homelessness and reduce recidivism. 

7 (b) APPLICATION.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—An entity seeking a grant 

9 under this section shall submit to the Attorney Gen10 eral an application at such time, in such manner, 

11 and containing such information as the Attorney 

12 General may reasonably require, including an assur13 ance described in paragraph (2). 

14 (2) ASSURANCE DESCRIBED.—An assurance de15 scribed in this paragraph is an assurance that— 

16 (A) the entity has in place a policy pro17 tecting employees, individuals, and communities 

18 served by the entity from discrimination under 

19 applicable civil rights laws; and 

20 (B) the policy described in subparagraph 

21 (A) includes protection from discrimination on 

22 the basis of gender-related identity, appearance, 

23 mannerisms, or other gender-related character24 istics of an individual, regardless of the individ25 ual’s designated sex at birth. 


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1 (3) NONPROFIT EXPERTISE.—In addition to the 

2 assurance described in paragraph (2), a nonprofit 

3 organization seeking a grant under this section shall 

4 demonstrate in the application submitted under this 

5 subsection that the organization has a proven his6 tory of— 

7 (A) successful engagement with popu8 lations experiencing homelessness and housing 

9 instability, including members of a population 

10 at higher risk of homelessness; or 

11 (B) assisting communities to engage in al12 ternatives to penalizing homelessness. 

13 (c) USE OF FUNDS.—An entity that receives a grant 

14 under this section may use funds received under this sec15 tion for creating, supporting, expanding, or studying mo16 bile crisis intervention teams that are trained to provide 

17 stabilization services to individuals with an urgent medical 

18 or psychological need, as an alternative to a law enforce19 ment response, which teams may include healthcare pro20 fessionals, mental health professionals, addiction coun21 selors, housing referral specialists, groups serving or rep22 resenting justice system-involved or homeless individuals, 

23 and other related resource providers. 

24 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

25 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 


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1 $50,000,000 for the first fiscal year beginning after the 

2 date of enactment of this Act and for each of the 9 suc3 ceeding fiscal years thereafter. 

4 SEC. 305. LIBRARY CONSORTIUM PILOT GRANTS. 

5 Part A of title V of the Public Health Service Act 

6 (42 U.S.C. 290aa et seq.) is amended by adding at the 

7 end the following: 

8 ‘‘SEC. 506B. LIBRARY CONSORTIUM PILOT GRANTS. 

9 ‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

10 ‘‘(1) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible en11 tity’ means— 

12 ‘‘(A) an eligible library; 

13 ‘‘(B) a library agency that is an official 

14 agency of a State or other unit of government 

15 and is charged by the law governing it with the 

16 extension and development of public library 

17 services within its jurisdiction; 

18 ‘‘(C) an eligible library consortium; or 

19 ‘‘(D) a library association that exists on a 

20 permanent basis, serves libraries or library pro21 fessionals on a national, regional, State, or local 

22 level, and engages in activities designed to ad23 vance the well-being of libraries and the library 

24 profession. 


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1 ‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE LIBRARY.—The term ‘eligible li2 brary’ means— 

3 ‘‘(A) a public library; 

4 ‘‘(B) an elementary or secondary school li5 brary; 

6 ‘‘(C) a library that is operated by an insti7 tution of higher education; 

8 ‘‘(D) a research library or archive that is 

9 not an integral part of an institution of higher 

10 education and that makes publicly available li11 brary services and materials that are suitable 

12 for scholarly research and not otherwise avail13 able; or 

14 ‘‘(E) a Tribal library. 

15 ‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE LIBRARY CONSORTIUM.—The 

16 term ‘eligible library consortium’ means a local, 

17 statewide, regional, interstate, or international coop18 erative association of library entities that provides 

19 for the systematic and effective coordination of the 

20 resources of eligible libraries, and information cen21 ters that work to improve the services delivered to 

22 the clientele of these libraries. 

23 ‘‘(b) GRANT PROGRAM.—From amounts made avail24 able under this section for a fiscal year, the Assistant Sec25 retary shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligiVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:07 Mar 10, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S3788.IS S3788

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1 ble entities to enable those eligible entities to carry out 

2 pilot programs to address the needs of homeless individ3 uals or individuals at risk of homelessness. 

4 ‘‘(c) USE OF FUNDS.— 

5 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible entity receiv6 ing funds under this section may use such funds to 

7 provide programs or resources that address the 

8 needs of homeless individuals or individuals at risk 

9 of homelessness by— 

10 ‘‘(A) connecting them with resources to 

11 help them transition to stable, independent or 

12 supported living, through the eligible entity’s 

13 own activities or through subgrants to eligible 

14 libraries, as appropriate; 

15 ‘‘(B) providing homeless individuals or in16 dividuals at risk of homelessness with programs 

17 on issues such as health, mortgage or rental as18 sistance, and applying for government benefits; 

19 or 

20 ‘‘(C) partnering with other community or21 ganizations or the locality’s department of pub22 lic health for outreach activities and connec23 tions to other relevant services. 


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1 ‘‘(2) CRITERIA FOR SUBGRANTS.—In awarding 

2 a subgrant under this section, an eligible entity 

3 shall— 

4 ‘‘(A) require eligible libraries desiring a 

5 subgrant to submit an application containing— 

6 ‘‘(i) the estimated number of homeless 

7 individuals or individuals at risk of home8 lessness that will be served under the 

9 homelessness-related programs to be fund10 ed by the subgrant; and 

11 ‘‘(ii) any other criteria established by 

12 the grantee in the application submitted 

13 under subsection (d); and 

14 ‘‘(B) give preference to eligible libraries 

15 that propose to carry out programs or develop 

16 resources that integrate existing Federal or 

17 State programs that serve homeless individuals 

18 or individuals at risk of homelessness. 

19 ‘‘(d) APPLICATION.—An eligible entity desiring a 

20 grant under this section shall submit an application at 

21 such time, in such manner, and containing such informa22 tion as the Assistant Secretary may require. Each applica23 tion shall include— 

24 ‘‘(1) a description of the homelessness-related 

25 programs or resources that the eligible entity will 


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1 support (in accordance with subsection (c)(1)) either 

2 through its own activities or through subgrants to 

3 eligible libraries; 

4 ‘‘(2) a description of how community or govern5 mental partners will be involved in the homelessness6 related programs or resources provided by the eligi7 ble entity; and 

8 ‘‘(3) in the case of projects that the eligible en9 tity intends to carry out through subgrants— 

10 ‘‘(A) a description of how the eligible enti11 ty will make subgrants, including any priorities 

12 or considerations that will be applied in making 

13 such subgrants; 

14 ‘‘(B) a description of how the eligible enti15 ty will disseminate, in a timely manner, infor16 mation regarding the subgrants, and the appli17 cation process for such subgrants; 

18 ‘‘(C) a description of the criteria that the 

19 eligible entity will require for the programs car20 ried out by subgrantees with funds awarded by 

21 that eligible entity; and 

22 ‘‘(D) an assurance that each eligible li23 brary that receives a subgrant will use the 

24 funds from that subgrant to provide programs 


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1 that primarily serve homeless individuals or in2 dividuals at risk of homelessness. 

3 ‘‘(e) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this section, 

4 the Assistant Secretary— 

5 ‘‘(1) shall consult with the Director of the Insti6 tute of Museum and Library Services and the Sec7 retary of Housing and Urban Development; and 

8 ‘‘(2) may consult with the Interagency Council 

9 on Homelessness or any other appropriate Federal 

10 agency or office to help ensure that funds are dis11 bursed and utilized effectively. 

12 ‘‘(f) REPORTS.—Each eligible entity receiving a grant 

13 under this section for a fiscal year shall prepare and sub14 mit a report to the Assistant Secretary, in such form and 

15 containing such information, as the Assistant Secretary 

16 may reasonably require to determine the extent to which 

17 funds provided under this section have been effective in 

18 carrying out the purposes of this section. 

19 ‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

20 is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

21 $10,000,000 for the first fiscal year beginning after the 

22 date of enactment of this section and for each of the 9 

23 succeeding fiscal years thereafter.’’. 


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1 SEC. 306. REPORT ON INCLUSIVE TRANSIT-ORIENTED DE2 VELOPMENT TO ENHANCE CLIMATE MITIGA3 TION AND DISASTER RESILIENCY. 

4 Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 

5 of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a re6 port on how to add a focus to housing programs of the 

7 Department of Housing and Urban Development on— 

8 (1) infill projects that better connect people to 

9 jobs and transit and reduce greenhouse gas emis10 sions; and 

11 (2) supporting developers and local govern12 ments constructing units on existing or underused 

13 urban land close to city amenities and transpor14 tation. 

15 SEC. 307. ESTABLISHING AN INNOVATION PILOT WITHIN 

16 THE CARBON REDUCTION PROGRAM. 

17 Section 175(c) of title 23, United States Code, is 

18 amended— 

19 (1) in paragraph (1), in the matter preceding 

20 subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘paragraph (2)’’ and 

21 inserting ‘‘paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and 

22 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

23 ‘‘(3) INNOVATION PILOT.— 

24 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to eligible 

25 projects under paragraphs (1) and (2), funds 

26 apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(7) 


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1 may be used for innovative strategies to reduce 

2 transportation emissions, including associated 

3 infrastructure improvements that will increase 

4 the share of nonmotorized trips and improve 

5 the efficiency of existing surface transportation 

6 infrastructure to address carbon reduction. 

7 ‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Not later than 120 days 

8 after the date of enactment of this paragraph, 

9 the Secretary shall provide notice and guidance 

10 for interested entities to participate in activities 

11 under subparagraph (A). 

12 ‘‘(C) EXCLUSION.—Funds used to carry 

13 out a project under subparagraph (A) may not 

14 be used on a project that increases net capacity 

15 for vehicular travel.’’. 

16 SEC. 308. MAKING INFILL HOUSING AND OTHER TRANS17 PORTATION EFFICIENCY PROJECTS ELIGI18 BLE FOR RAISE GRANTS. 

19 Section 6702(a)(3) of title 49, United States Code, 

20 is amended— 

21 (1) in subparagraph (G), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 

22 the end; 

23 (2) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as sub24 paragraph (I); and 


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1 (3) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the fol2 lowing: 

3 ‘‘(H) a project or series of projects to re4 duce transportation emissions, including associ5 ated infrastructure improvements to support 

6 infill development or transit-oriented develop7 ment, and to increase nonmotorized trips, sub8 ject to the conditions that— 

9 ‘‘(i) the project or series of projects 

10 shall directly improve the efficiency of ex11 isting surface transportation infrastruc12 ture; and 

13 ‘‘(ii) the Federal share for the project 

14 or series of projects shall be used to fund 

15 only the elements of the project or series 

16 that provide public benefits; and’’. 

Æ 


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