15330 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

1Part B of Title III of Energy Policy and

Conservation Act, as amended, is referred to in this

final rule as ‘‘EPCA’’ or the ‘‘Act.’’ Part B of Title

III is codified at 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309.

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430

[Docket No. EE-RM–94–230]

Energy Conservation Program for

Consumer Products: Test Procedures

for Water Heaters; Kitchen Ranges,

Ovens, and Microwave Ovens; and

Clothes Washers; and Reporting

Requirements for Clothes Washers,

Clothes Dryers, and Dishwashers

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, Department of

Energy.

ACTION: Proposed Rule and Public

Hearing.

SUMMARY: The Energy Policy and

Conservation Act, as amended, requires

the Department of Energy (DOE or the

Department) to administer an energy

conservation program for certain major

household appliances and commercial

equipment. Among other program

elements, the Act requires that standard

methods of testing be prescribed for

each covered product. The purposes of

this Proposed Rulemaking are to:

propose amendments to clarify the

water heater; kitchen range, oven, and

microwave; and clothes washer test

procedures, announce the Department’s

intentions to incorporate by reference

test procedures adopted by the

International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC), and request data,

comments, and information regarding

their applicability and workability.

Today’s amendments of the test

procedures are not expected to alter the

minimum energy conservation

standards currently in effect, or those

being proposed in the Eight Products

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking,

published March 4, 1994 (59 FR 10464).

DATES: Written comments in response to

this notice must be received by August

31, 1995.

Oral views, data, and arguments may

be presented at the public hearing to be

held in Washington, DC, beginning at

9:30 a.m. on July 12, 1995. Requests to

speak at the hearing must be received by

the Department no later than 4 p.m.,

June 28, 1995. Ten (10) copies of

statements to be given at the public

hearing must be received by the

Department no later than 4 p.m., July 5,

1995.

ADDRESSES: Written comments, and

requests to speak at the public hearing

are to be submitted to: U.S. Department

of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency

and Renewable Energy, Hearings and

Dockets, Test Procedures for Water

Heaters; Kitchen Ranges, Ovens, and

Microwave Ovens; and Clothes

Washers; and Reporting Requirements

for Clothes Washers, Clothes Dryers,

and Dishwashers,’’ Docket No. EE–RM–

94–230, Forrestal Building, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585.

The hearing will be held at the U.S.

Department of Energy, Forrestal

Building, Room 1E–245, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC.

Requests may be hand delivered

between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.,

Monday through Friday, except Federal

holidays. Requests should be labeled,

‘‘Test Procedures for Water Heaters;

Kitchen Ranges, Ovens, and Microwave

Ovens; and Clothes Washers; and

Reporting Requirements for Clothes

Washers, Clothes Dryers, and

Dishwashers,’’ (Docket No. EE–RM–94–

230), both on the document and on the

envelope.

Copies of the transcript of the public

hearing and public comments received

may be read and/or photocopied at the

Department of Energy Freedom of

Information Reading Room, U.S.

Department of Energy, Forrestal

Building, Room 1E–190, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586–6020

between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.,

Monday through Friday, except Federal

holidays.

The Department will incorporate by

reference test standards from the

International Electrotechnical

Commission upon publication of this

rule as final. These standards are listed

below:

International Electrotechnical Commission

Publication 705, and Amendment 2–1993,

‘‘Methods for Measuring the Performance of

Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar

Purposes,’’ Section 4, Paragraph 12

‘‘Microwave Power Output Measurement,’’

Paragraph 13 ‘‘Electrical Power Output

Measurement,’’ and Paragraph 14

‘‘Efficiency.’’

Copies of these standards may be

viewed at the Department of Energy

Freedom of Information Reading Room

at the address stated above. Copies of

the International Electrotechnical

Commission Publication can be

obtained from the American National

Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd

Street, New York, New York 10036,

(212) 642–4936.

For more information concerning

public participation in this rulemaking

proceeding, see Section XI, ‘‘Public

Comment Procedures,’’ of the

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

William W. Hui—Water Heaters (202)

586–9145

Ingrid M. Watson—Ranges, Ovens and

Microwaves (202) 586–8119

Marc LaFrance—Clothes Washers and

Dryers, and Dishwashers (202) 586–

8423

U.S. Department of Energy, Energy

Efficiency and Renewable

Energy,Mail Station EE–431, Forrestal

Building, 1000 Independence Avenue,

SW., Washington, DC. 20585

Eugene Margolis, Esq., U.S. Department

of Energy, Office of General Counsel,

Mail Station GC–72, Forrestal

Building, 1000 Independence Avenue,

SW., Washington, D.C. 20585, (202)

586–9507.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

A. Authority

Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy

and Conservation Act, Pub. L. 94–163,

as amended by the National Energy

Conservation Policy Act, Pub. L. 95–

619, the National Appliance Energy

Conservation Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–

12, the National Appliance Energy

Conservation Amendments of 1988,

Pub. L. 100–357, and the Energy Policy

Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102–486, created

the Energy Conservation Program for

Consumer Products other than

Automobiles (Program).1 The products

currently subject to this Program (often

referred to hereafter as ‘‘covered

products’’) include water heaters;

kitchen ranges, ovens, and microwaves;

and clothes washers, the subjects of

today’s notice.

Under the Act, the Program consists

essentially of three parts: Testing,

labeling, and the Federal energy

conservation standards. The

Department, in consultation with the

National Institute of Standards and

Technology (formerly the National

Bureau of Standards), is required to

amend or establish new test procedures

as appropriate for each of the covered

products. EPCA, section 323. The

purpose of the test procedures is to

produce test results which measure

energy efficiency, energy use, water use

(in the case of showerheads, faucets,

water closets and urinals), or estimated

annual operating cost of a covered

product during a representative average

use cycle or period of use, and must not

be unduly burdensome to conduct.

EPCA, section 323(b)(3). A test
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15331

procedure is not required if DOE

determines by rule that one cannot be

developed. EPCA, section 323(d)(1).

One hundred and eighty days after a test

procedure for a product is adopted, no

manufacturer may make representations

with respect to energy use, energy

efficiency or water use of such product,

or the cost of energy consumed by such

product, except as reflected in tests

conducted according to the DOE

procedure. EPCA, section 323(c)(2). Test

procedures appear at 10 CFR part 430,

subpart B.

However, the 180-day period referred

to in section 323(c)(2) may be extended

for a period of up to an additional 180

days if the Secretary determines that the

requirements of section 323(c)(2) would

impose undue burden. EPCA, section

323(c)(3).

Section 323(e) of the Act requires

DOE to determine to what extent, if any,

a proposed test procedure would alter

the measured energy efficiency,

measured energy use or measured water

use of any covered product as

determined under the existing test

procedure. If DOE determines that an

amended test procedure would alter the

measured efficiency or measured use of

a covered product, DOE is required to

amend the applicable energy

conservation standard accordingly. In

determining the amended energy

conservation standard, DOE is required

to measure the energy efficiency or

energy use of a representative sample of

covered products that minimally

comply with the existing standard. The

average efficiency of these

representative samples, tested using the

amended test procedure, constitutes the

amended standard. EPCA, section

323(e)(2).

B. Background

Today’s notice proposes to modify the

test procedures for water heaters;

kitchen ranges, ovens, and microwave

ovens; and clothes washers as follows:

(1) Water heaters.

(a) Revision of subpart B, appendix E.

1. Modify the test procedures to

address electric and oil-fired

instantaneous water heaters.

2. Include testing of storage-type

water heaters having rated storage

capacities less than 20 gallons (76

liters).

3. Revise the method used to calculate

the first hour rating of storage-type

water heaters.

4. Amend the extant definition for

heat pump water heater, and add new

definitions for heat pump water heater

storage tank, add-on heat pump water

heater, integral heat pump water heater,

and solar water heater.

(2) Kitchen ranges, ovens, and

microwaves.

(a) Revision of subpart B, section

430.22 to include test procedure

changes.

(b) Revision of subpart B, appendix I.

1. Revise the annual useful energy

output to reflect changes in the annual

usage of ranges, ovens, cooktops, and

microwave ovens.

2. Add definition for ‘‘IEC 705.’’

3. Eliminate the requirement to use a

standard continuous flow calorimeter.

4. Incorporate by reference the

International Electrotechnical

Commission Publication 705

Amendment 2–1993, section 4,

Paragraphs 12–14.

5. Include the clock energy in the

calculation of annual energy

consumption for microwave ovens.

6. Revise section 2.8 ‘‘Test Beakers’’

replace with new section 2.8

‘‘Microwave Oven Test Load.’’

7. Revise section 2.9.3.4 ‘‘Microwave

Oven and Test Load Temperature,’’

replace with new section 2.9.3.4 ‘‘Test

Load Temperature.’’

8. Eliminate section 4.3

‘‘Conventional Range,’’ and section 4.5

‘‘Microwave/Conventional Range.’’

These two sections have been replaced

with a new section 4.3 ‘‘Combined

Components’’ in this proposed rule.

(3) Clothes washers.

(a) Revision of subpart B, § 430.22 to

include test procedure changes and to

revise the number of representative

average-use cycles per year.

(b) Revision of subpart B, appendix J.

1. General test procedure clarification

which includes the following:

• Add new definitions for the

following terms: thermostatically

controlled valves, agitator, top-loadervertical-axis clothes washer, and toploader-horizontal-axis clothes washer.

• Delete the requirement to

disconnect all lighting systems which

consume more than 10 watts during the

clothes washer test cycle.

• Introduce a new section, section

2.11 ‘‘Agitation and Spin Speed

Settings.’’

• Delete reference to AHAM and

AHAM procedures.

• Clarify the procedure for capacity

testing.

• Clarify the requirements for

‘‘maximum fill’’ testing.

2. Incorporation of test procedure

changes from approved Waivers to

address the following issues:

• Add new definitions for the

following terms: nonwater-heating

clothes washers and water-heating

clothes washers.

• Extend coverage for washers that

operate at 120/208Y and 120/240 volts.

• Extend testing and performance

coverage to water-heating clothes

washers.

• Extend coverage for clothes washers

that have infinite/variable temperature

selection capability.

3. Addition of optional water

consumption and extraction procedures

which include the following:

• Add new definitions for the

following terms: modified energy factor,

moisture removal energy and water

consumption factor.

• Add optional test procedures to

determine the above values.

(4) Addition to subpart F, § 430.62, to

add reporting requirements for energy

factors for clothes washers, clothes

dryers, and dishwashers.

In addition, metric units of

measurements have been included in

the three test procedures (English values

are given followed by their appropriate

International System of Units in

parentheses).

II. Discussion

A. Water Heater Test Procedure

Today’s proposed amendments to the

water heater test procedure include:

Revisions to make the water heater test

procedure applicable to electric and oilfired instantaneous water heaters;

coverage for testing storage-type water

heaters with rated storage capacities less

than 20 gallons (76 liters); revision of

the first hour rating for storage-type

water heaters; amendment to the extant

definition for heat pump water heater;

and addition of new definitions for heat

pump water heater storage tank, add-on

heat pump water heater, integral heat

pump water heater, and solar water

heater.

The Department does not believe any

of these changes would alter the energy

conservation standards for water heaters

currently in place, and requests

comments on the impact of these

changes, if any. In addition, DOE

requests comments on the adequateness

of the test procedure for heat pump

water heaters regarding the use of

backup electric resistance element(s). To

the Department’s knowledge, most heat

pump water heaters are capable of

meeting the current test draw

requirements, and therefore, the backup

electric resistance element(s) are often

unnecessary, and are seldom activated.

However, the current test setup and

parameters may not represent operating

conditions requiring backup electric

resistance elements to activate. This is

dependent on a number of factors, i.e.,

temperature settings, draw volume and

rate, etc. Therefore, DOE is interested in

receiving comments on the test
15332 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

procedure for heat pump water heaters

regarding the use of backup electric

resistance element(s).

Concurrently, the Department is

conducting a rulemaking, independent

of today’s notice, to propose revised

minimum energy conservation

standards for eight consumer products,

including water heaters. (59 FR 10464,

March 4, 1994).

1. Electric and Oil-Fired Instantaneous

Water Heaters

The current test procedure does not

address testing of electric and oil-fired

instantaneous water heaters in that they

are not defined in the test procedure.

The Department, therefore, proposes to

include definitions for these two types

of instantaneous water heaters, and to

amend the existing language to include

the testing of them. Definitions for

storage-type water heaters are also

modified to differentiate these types

from the instantaneous-type water

heaters. As a result, oil-fired and electric

instantaneous water heaters will be

subject to the applicable minimum

energy conservation standards of 0.59-

(0.0019 × rated storage volume in

gallons) for oil-fired water heaters and

0.93-(0.00132 × rated storage volume in

gallons) for electric water heaters,

respectively. For electric and oil fired

instantaneous water heaters, the rated

storage volume may be zero. In today’s

proposed notice, the Department

requests comments and data regarding

the appropriateness of adding electric

and oil-fired instantaneous water

heaters to the test procedure and

subjecting them to the respective energy

conservation standards. See appendix E

to subpart B of Title 10 CFR part 430,

sections 1.8 and 5.2.

2. Storage-type Water Heaters Having

Rated Storage Capacities Less Than 20

Gallons (76 liters)

In a letter to the Department, dated

July 17, 1991, the Gas Appliance

Manufacturer Association (GAMA)

stated that storage-type water heaters

having capacities less than 20 gallons

(76 liters) are covered by the National

Appliance Energy Conservation Act of

1987. The current test procedure does

not cover storage-type water heaters

having rated storage capacities less than

20 gallons (76 liters) and, therefore,

those water heaters are not subject to the

minimum efficiency standards. In order

to correct this, GAMA requested that the

test procedure be revised. DOE proposes

to provide coverage for storage-type

water heaters of less than 20 gallons (76

liters).

With regard to conducting the 24-hour

simulated use test on water heaters

having rated storage capacities less than

20 gallons (76 liters), the Department

proposes to include the applicable draw

schedule accepted by the water heater

industry. (See American National

Standards Institute/American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

Standard 118.2–1993: Method of Testing

for Rated Residential Water Heaters.)

The total volume withdrawn shall be 24

gallons (91 liters) for units having rated

storage capacities greater than or equal

to 10 gallons (38 liters), but less than 20

gallons (76 liters). The total volume

withdrawn shall be 9 gallons (34 liters)

for units having rated storage capacities

less than 10 gallons (38 liters). The draw

rate shall be 1.0±0.25 gallons per minute

(3.8±0.95 liters per minute) for all units

having rated storage capacities less than

20 gallons (76 liters). The Department

requests comments and data regarding

any impact on a manufacturer(s) as a

result of extending coverage of the

existing minimum energy efficiency

standards to storage-type water heaters

of less than 20 gallons (76 liters). See

appendix E to subpart B of Title 10 CFR

part 430, sections 1.11, 5.1.4.1, and

5.1.5.

3. First Hour Rating for Storage-type

Water Heaters

Water heaters have historically been

selected based on rated storage volume.

The rate at which the water heater

produces hot water, and whether the

water heater uses a lone or multiple heat

source, however, is also important when

selecting a water heater. For example, a

smaller electric water heater having two

4.5-kilowatt elements may provide more

hot water over a given time interval than

a larger electric water heater having a

single 3.8-kilowatt element. The first

hour rating seeks to account for the

effect of storage capacity, heating rate,

and the number of heat sources on the

water heater’s ability to provide hot

water. Ideally, the consumer will use

first hour rating to initially identify

water heaters that will meet their hot

water supply needs. Once the field has

been narrowed based on this need, the

consumer will then use energy factor,

annual operating cost, first cost,

warranty information, reputation of

manufacturer, etc., in determining

which water heater to select.

The first hour rating is not used in

computing the efficiency (i.e., energy

factor) of water heaters, but is used by

the Federal Trade Commission for

presenting size ranges in the labeling

program for water heaters. It was hoped

that this measure would gain

recognition as a sizing criterion for

consumers in selecting water heaters. As

a result, the Department has been

conducting a continuous effort to

improve the first hour rating method in

rulemakings for water heaters. However,

the concept of what the first hour rating

should represent (i.e., a balance between

storage capacity, recovery rate, and

mixing characteristics) and how to

measure it accurately has proven to be

a difficult task. Each attempt at

establishing a first hour rating test has

led to difficulties (repeatability problem

with the 1989 proposal (54 FR 1890,

January 17, 1989), and a low estimate of

hot water availability for certain water

heaters by the 1990 final rule. (55 FR

42162, October 17, 1990).) For example,

in a October 15, 1991, letter from GAMA

to DOE, GAMA stated that ‘‘Gas

Appliance Manufacturers Association

members have results establishing first

hour ratings in the range of 70 to 75

gallons for 120 gallon models. The

calculated first hour rating is

significantly less than the amount of

water drawn during the first draw.’’

This problem with the October 17, 1990,

current test method is most evident for

large tanks with one heating element

because of the greater weighing given by

the test procedure to recovery rate

relative to storage volume.

To correct the problem of

understating hot water production cited

by GAMA, the Department requested

NIST to evaluate a proposal

recommended by GAMA in its October

15, 1991, letter to DOE. GAMA’s

recommendation would prorate the final

draw of the 1990 first hour rating test

with respect to a ratio of elapsed times.

NIST summarized the advantages and

disadvantages of GAMA’s

recommendation. The major advantages

are: The first hour rating would always

be greater than or equal to the first draw

volume and retesting for FTC labeling

may be unnecessary if the needed

additional data was collected. The major

disadvantages are: The rating would

represent a volume of hot water that is

greater than or equal to the maximum

volume of hot water that can be

delivered in an hour (overstating), and

it may not differentiate single-element

from two-element electric water heaters

(recovery capabilities unrecognized).

The Department, therefore, concludes

that the disadvantages of GAMA’s

recommendation outweigh the

advantages and rejects this proposal.

The Department requested NIST to

conduct a second study to correct the

problem of understating hot water

production. NIST recommended that a

revised version of the 1989 test method

be proposed. NIST stated its

recommendation will correct the

understating problem cited by GAMA in
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15333

the October 15, 1991, letter, and in

addition, will minimize the

aforementioned repeatability problem.

The Department concurs and today

proposes a revised first hour rating

method for storage tank-type (including

heat pump) water heaters. Section 5.1.4.

Included in the proposed first hour

rating are: Revisions to the test method

for storage tank-type water heaters, hot

and cold water mixing characteristics,

and the criterion for initiating

successive draws when conducting a

first hour rating test on heat pump water

heaters that use supplemental resistive

heating.

In regard to storage tank-type water

heaters, for draws initiated prior to one

hour (as a result of a thermostat cut-out),

the maximum outlet temperature shall

be determined for each draw and used

for determining when to terminate that

draw, i.e., at T*max,i ¥25°F, where i

corresponds to the draw number. If a

recovery is still in progress at one hour,

the draw imposed to remove any stored

‘‘hot’’ water shall be terminated based

on the cut-off temperature used for the

previous draw (T*max,n¥1 ¥25°F). In

addition, for draws imposed at one

hour, the first hour rating shall be the

sum of: All the withdrawn volumes and

the final withdrawn volume, where the

final withdrawn volume is multiplied

by the following temperature ratio:

(T ̄ *del,n¥T*min,n¥1) /(T ̄ *del,n¥1

¥T*min,n¥1). The subscripts n and n–1

are used to indicate the final draw and

the next-to-last draw, respectively,

while T*min,n-1 designates the water

temperature at which the next-to-last

draw was terminated (T*min,n¥1 =

T*max,n¥1 ¥25°F). For all other draw

volumes, no temperature ratio

adjustment factor shall be used.

The Department notes that a

temperature ratio can and has been used

in the past to compensate for the

amount of mixing that occurs between

the stored hot water and the entering

make-up water during a draw. The

greater the volume of make-up water

mixed into the outlet stream (while still

maintaining an outlet temperature above

the criterion of ‘‘hot’’ water), the greater

the first hour rating. The amount of

mixing is typically small and repeatable

for designs that introduce make-up

water near the bottom of the tank.

However, if a water heater uses a

thermally compensating dip tube (first

discussed in the February 8, 1984,

Proposed Rulemaking, 49 FR 4870), or

an internal mixing valve, substantial

mixing, and thus, a higher and

unrealistic first hour rating could occur.

At present, DOE is not aware of any

currently manufactured water heaters

which contain these features. Therefore,

DOE is not employing a temperature

ratio correction to handle mixing effects.

The Department requests comments and

data concerning the appropriateness of

today’s proposal relative to thermally

compensating dip tubes, internal mixing

valves, or any other mechanism used to

increase the amount of mixing of stored

hot water and make-up water during a

draw.

The Department also notes that with

a multiple draw first hour rating test,

like the one proposed today, a

temperature ratio can be used to

compensate for the effect of the test

tolerances allowed for the thermostat

setting(s) [±5°F (±2.8°C)], and for the

make-up water temperature [±2°F

(±1.1°C)]. These test tolerances affect the

time required for the water heater to

recover from a hot water draw. For

example, recovery time is quickest if the

tank thermostat(s) is set to 130°F

(54.4°C), and the make-up water is set

at 60°F (15.6°C). Recovery time is

slowest for settings at 140°F (60°C) and

56°F (13.3°C). To avoid the potential

complication and confusion that would

result from an additional temperature

ratio correction, however, a test

tolerance correction is not included in

today’s proposal. The Department

recognizes that an incentive exists to

conduct the first hour rating test with

the tank thermostat set at or near 130°F

(54.4°C), and with the make-up water at

or near 60°F (15.6°C).

Preliminary studies conducted by

NIST estimate today’s proposed test

method is successful in minimizing the

repeatability problem to within ± 5

percent relative to the 1989 proposal.

The Department today requests

comments and data concerning this

repeatability issue.

In addition, the Department proposes

to modify the existing first hour rating

definition so that it differentiates

between storage and instantaneous

water heaters. Section 1.5.

In regard to heat pump water heaters

that use supplemental resistive heating,

a draw is currently initiated only after

all power to the water heater has been

reduced, which corresponds to the case

where the compressor has cycled off

and any resistive heating has ceased.

The Department today proposes a

revision to the criterion used to initiate

successive draws so that credit is given

if this type of water heater provides a

partial recovery. The proposed revision

would require a draw to be initiated

after the thermostat controlling the

upper or lone resistive element, or the

compressor is satisfied, whichever

occurs first. However, this criterion

shall be applicable only if the water

located vertically above the resistive

element thermostat or compressor

thermostat is heated to 135 ± 5°F (57.2

± 2.8°C) when cut-off occurs. The

Department requests comments and data

on the appropriateness and workability

of the proposed changes to the test

method for heat pump water heaters

that use supplemental resistive heating.

See appendix E to subpart B of Title 10

CFR part 430, section 5.1.4.2.

4. Definitions for Heat Pump Water

Heaters, Add-on Heat Pump Water

Heaters, Integral Heat Pump Water

Heaters, Solar Water Heaters, and Heat

Pump Water Heater Storage Tanks

The Department proposes to amend

the extant definition for heat pump

water heaters (section 1.11.3); add

definitions of integral heat pump water

heater (section 1.11.3.a), add-on heat

pump water heaters (section 1.11.3.b),

and solar water heaters (section 1.11.5)

to differentiate these types of water

heaters; and add definition of a heat

pump water heater storage tank, i.e., the

tank to be used with an add-on heat

pump water heater (section 1.6).

B. Kitchen Ranges, Ovens and

Microwave Ovens Test Procedures

The test procedures for kitchen

ranges, ovens and microwave ovens

have remained substantially unchanged

since the final rule was published in the

Federal Register on May 10, 1978 (43

FR 20120). It was amended on April 13,

1979, by prescribing that natural gas or

propane would be the test gas used with

gas ranges and ovens (44 FR 22418).

Today’s proposed amendment will

change the annual useful cooking

energy output for kitchen ranges, ovens

and microwave ovens to make it

representative of current United States

cooking product usage. In addition, the

proposed test procedure will no longer

contain annual energy consumption

calculations for ranges (cooktop and

oven combined), or other combined

appliances (multiple conventional

ovens, microwave and conventional

range combined). The Department is

proposing to calculate the annual energy

consumption of combined appliances as

the sum of the annual energy

consumption of each individual

component of the unit. Section 4.3. The

Department is proposing to incorporate

by reference the International

Electrotechnical Commission (IEC),

Publication 705, and Amendment 2–

1993, ‘‘Methods for Measuring the

Performance of Microwave Ovens for

Household and Similar Purposes,’’

Section 4, Paragraph 12 ‘‘Microwave

Power Output Measurement,’’ Paragraph

13 ‘‘Electrical Power Output

Measurement,’’ and Paragraph 14
15334 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

2The annual useful cooking energy is energy

input to an oven which is transferred to the product

being cooked and is a constant used to find the

annual energy consumption and the energy factor.

The annual energy consumption is calculated by

multiplying the constant by the ratio of test energy

consumption to the energy used to heat the test

block. The energy factor is the ratio of the constant

to the total annual energy consumption.

3See footnote 2, supra.

4The annual useful cooking energy is energy

input to an oven which is transferred to the product

being cooked and is a constant used to find the

annual energy consumption and the energy factor.

The annual energy consumption is calculated by

multiplying the constant by the ratio of test energy

consumption to the energy used to heat the test

water load. The energy factor is the ratio of the

constant to the total annual energy consumption.

‘‘Efficiency.’’ DOE has not proposed test

procedures for grill and griddle cook

tops; the Department would consider

adding test procedures for these

products if such exist.

1. Ovens

Today’s proposed revision to the oven

test procedures lowers the constant for

annual useful cooking energy 2 to make

it representative of current United States

cooking trends. This quantity is being

changed for electric to 35.5 kWh (105.5

MJ) per year from 47.09 kWh (169.5 MJ)

per year; for gas, to 124,200 BTU

(131,038 kJ) per year from 160,700 BTU

(169,547 kJ) per year. Sections 4.1.2.1.1,

4.1.2.1.2, and 4.1.4. Lawrence Berkeley

Laboratory of Berkeley, California

calculated this constant from several

utility studies. These results are

presented in the Technical Support

Document: Energy Efficiency Standards

for Consumer Products, Volume 2,

November 1993, DOE/EE–0009, Vol. 2

of 3.

In addition, the Department proposes

to eliminate the requirement to use a

standard continuous flow calorimeter

for gas cooking products because of the

difficulty of locating this product. The

instrument to be substituted for the

standard continuous flow calorimeter is

left to the discretion of the

manufacturer; although, it is required

that the heating value of natural or

propane gas shall be measured with an

instrument and associated indicator

readout device of a maximum error no

greater than ±.5 percent of the measured

value and a resolution of ±.2 percent or

less of the full scale reading of the

indictor instrument. Section 2.9.4.

2. Cook Tops

The proposed revision to the cook top

test procedures changes the constant for

annual useful cooking energy 3 to make

it representative of current United States

cooking trends. This quantity is being

lowered for electric to 209 kWh (752.4

MJ) per year from 277.7 kWh (1000 MJ)

per year; for gas, to 732,500 BTU

(772,800 kJ) per year from 947,500 BTU

(999,600 kJ) per year. Lawrence

Berkeley Laboratory of Berkeley,

California calculated this constant from

several utility studies. These results are

presented in the Technical Support

Document: Energy Efficiency Standards

for Consumer Products, Volume 2,

November 1993, DOE/EE–0009, Vol. 2

of 3.

3. Microwave Ovens

The proposed changes to the

microwave oven test procedures are in

response to a petition for rulemaking

from the Association of Home

Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) to

use the International Electrotechnical

Commission standard as the DOE test

procedure. The current DOE test

procedure is based on a 1975 version of

the International Electrotechnical

Commission standard. The Association

of Home Appliance Manufacturers cited

the following deficiencies with the DOE

test procedure:

(1) Errors caused by evaporative

cooling of the water and heat absorption

of the water containers during the

heating period, and

(2) Errors caused by the constantly

changing sodium chloride concentration

due to sodium chloride precipitating out

of solution.

The International Electrotechnical

Commission issued Publication 705,

and Amendment 2–1993 entitled

‘‘Method for Measuring the Performance

of Microwave Ovens for Household and

Similar Purposes’’ in 1993. The

Department asked the National Institute

of Standards and Technology to perform

tests using the 1993 International

Electrotechnical Commission test

procedure. The National Institute of

Standards and Technology found the

test procedure to be acceptable for

determining power output and

efficiency, and recommended that the

Department of Energy incorporate by

reference the International

Electrotechnical Commission 705

Amendment 2–1993 test procedure for

these purposes. In computing energy

consumption, the International

Electrotechnical Commission 705

Amendment 2–1993 uses a watt meter

and timer, ignoring transients, to obtain

measurements from which energy

consumption can be calculated. The

Department believes that because of

start-up transients, the use of a watthour meter is more accurate; therefore,

today’s notice includes the use of a

watt-hour meter, which is not found in

the IEC 1993 test procedure, to obtain

energy consumption.

The annual useful cooking energy in

the extant test procedure is 34.2 kWh

(123 MJ) per year based on 1976 data.

In the Eight Product rulemaking (59 FR

10464, March 4, 1994), DOE used an

annual useful cooking energy of 145.8

kWh per year in its analysis. Technical

Support Document: Energy Efficiency

Standards for Consumer Products,

Volume 2, November 1993, DOE/EE–

0009, Vol. 2 of 3, pp. 1–49. After

reviewing several utility studies and

comments, DOE is proposing to change

the annual useful cooking energy 4 from

34.2 kWh (123 MJ) per year to 77.3 kWh

(278.3 MJ) per year. This revision to the

annual useful cooking energy reflects

current U.S. microwave cooking usage.

This will change the value of Om in the

test procedure to 77.3 kWh/yr [143.2

kWh/yr × 0.54 = 77.3 kWh/yr] (278.3

MJ/yr). (See appendix I to subpart B of

title 10 CFR part 430, ‘‘Uniform Test

Method for Measuring the Energy

Consumption of Conventional Ranges,

Conventional Cooking Tops,

Conventional Ovens, and Microwave

Ovens,’’ sections 4.4.3 and 4.4.5).

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of

Berkeley, California calculated this

constant from an average of six utility

studies. These studies include:

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,

‘‘Baseline Data for the Residential and

Development of a Residential

Forecasting Database,’’ LBL 33717, May

1994; American Electric Power, ‘‘Utility

Estimates of Household Appliance

Electricity Consumption,’’ 1992;

Southern California Edison,

‘‘Residential Appliance End-Use

Survey,’’ 1990 and 1991; Electric Power

Research Institute, ‘‘Residential End-Use

Energy Consumption: A Survey of

Conditional Demand Estimates,’’ CU–

6487, October 1989; and the Sierra

Pacific Power Company, ‘‘Integrating

EIP and HES5 Information for

Estimating End-Use Energies,’’ March

1988. The microwave oven annual

energy consumption proposed in

today’s notice also includes the energy

used by the clock thus, eliminating the

necessity to disable the clock during test

setup.

C. Clothes Washer Test Procedure

The Department published the clothes

washer test procedure on September 28,

1977, (42 FR 49802) and subsequently

on June 29, 1979, (44 FR 37938)

editorial changes were made. On

December 22, 1993, (58 FR 67710) the

Department published a proposed

amendment to the clothes washer test

procedure to address washers which

offer a warm rinse lock-out feature.

Today’s proposed amendments to the

clothes washer test procedure will
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15335

5 392 represents the average number of cycles per

year from 1986 through 1994, obtained by P & G

survey data and provided to the Department via

letter dated September 2, 1994.

address issues that are independent

from the temperature selection lock-out

feature.

Today’s proposed amendments to the

clothes washer test procedure do not

alter the energy factor of any existing

clothes washer that minimally complies

with the existing efficiency standard.

In the Advance Notice of Proposed

Rulemaking for energy conservation

standards for clothes washers (59 FR

56423, November 14, 1994), the

Department said it would consider an

energy conservation standard that

includes water extraction. The

Department believes that mechanical

water extraction in a clothes washer is

much more cost effective and efficient

than thermal extraction in a clothes

dryer. The Department proposes today’s

procedures and calculations for water

extraction in clothes washers that would

be used in the standards rulemaking for

consideration of water extraction. Any

analysis for clothes dryer efficiency

standards would account for the impact

of moisture retention of clothes entering

the clothes dryer.

The Department of Energy today

proposes to modify the clothes washer

test procedure as follows:

1. Title 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,

section 430.22(j).

The number of representative averageuse cycles per year is presently 416,

based on Proctor and Gamble survey

data from 1974–75. New Proctor and

Gamble survey data has indicated the

number of cycles consumers use on a

yearly basis has decreased. Thus, the

Department is proposing to revise the

representative average-use cycles to 392

per year.5 This change lowers annual

energy use and annual energy cost.

2. Title 10 CFR part 430, subpart B,

appendix J.

a. General test procedure clarification.

The Department is proposing to add a

definition for ‘‘agitator’’ (section 1.1).

The existing test procedure mentions

‘‘agitator’’ but, does not provide a

definition.

The Department is proposing to add a

definition for ‘‘thermostatically

controlled valves’’ (section 1.19). The

existing test procedure mentions

‘‘thermostatically controlled valves’’

but, does not provide a definition.

The Department is proposing to

replace the definition for a ‘‘top-loader’’

clothes washer with ‘‘top-loaderhorizontal-axis clothes washer’’ (section

1.21) and ‘‘top-loader-vertical-axis

clothes washer’’ (section 1.22). The

Department has become aware of toploading-horizontal-axis clothes washers

which are readily available in other

countries. These clothes washers have

not yet become available in the U.S.

market; however, the Department wants

to provide nomenclature for this type of

clothes washer.

The Department is proposing to delete

the following definitions: ‘‘AHAM’’

(section 1.1), ‘‘HWL–1’’ (section 1.7) and

‘‘HLW–2EC’’ (section 1.8). The revised

test procedure proposed in today’s

notice does not use these terms.

The Department is proposing to delete

the requirement specified in existing

test procedure section 2.2: ‘‘Disconnect

all console lights or other lighting

systems on the clothes washer, which

do not consume more than 10 watts

during the clothes washer test cycle.’’

The Department believes that this

requirement is burdensome.

The Department is proposing to add a

new requirement for ‘‘Agitation and

spin speed settings’’ (section 2.11). The

existing test procedure does not specify

agitation or spin speed settings. The

Department is aware of clothes washers

which allow selective agitation and spin

speed settings independent of the

normal cycle. Therefore, the proposed

test procedure specifies requirements

for clothes washers with these features.

The Department is proposing to

change the symbol for density from ‘‘d’’

to ‘‘ρ.’’ The requirement to use the

density of water at 140°F was deleted,

so that the density of water at the

measured temperature will be used.

The Department is proposing to

clarify the requirement for ‘‘maximum

fill’’ testing. The Department wants to

ensure that testing of a clothes washer’s

energy consumption accounts for the

clothes washer’s maximum fill

capability. The Department is proposing

to revise the test procedure to add

‘‘available on the clothes washer’’ after

the test procedure requirement for

‘‘maximum fill’’ (sections 3.2.1.2 and

3.2.2.1).

The Department is aware that some

clothes washers may have similarly

labeled wash/rinse temperature

selections, i.e., ‘‘automatic warm/cold’’

and ‘‘warm/cold,’’ on the same machine,

which actually provide different wash/

rinse water temperatures. Under this

scenario, the ‘‘automatic warm/cold’’

temperature selection has wash/rinse

water temperature adjusted through the

use of thermostatically controlled

valves, whereas the ‘‘warm/cold’’

temperature selection is ‘‘traditional,’’

in that control of temperature is based

on preset orifices. The Department

believes that these machines are offering

additional temperature selections.

Therefore, instead of developing

additional Temperature Utilization

Factors, the Department is proposing to

require the use of the temperature

selection which results in the largest

amount of hot water consumption for

the energy consumption calculations

(section 4.1.1.1). The Department

believes the use of the temperature

selection which results in the largest

amount of hot water consumption is

specified in the existing test procedure

(‘‘hottest setting available’’ in section

3.2.2.2). The Department’s proposal is

intended to remove any ambiguity

regarding the testing of clothes washers

equipped with this type of temperature

selection. The Department welcomes

comments regarding this issue.

b. Test procedure revisions to include

changes from approved Waivers.

The Department has granted two

Petitions for Waivers to the clothes

washer test procedure. Both Waivers

were for water-heating clothes washers.

New Harmony Systems Corporation

(New Harmony) was issued a Waiver

(Case No. CW–001) by Decision and

Order, published on April 4, 1994. (59

FR 15710). Asko Incorporated (Asko)

was issued a Waiver (Case No. CW–002)

by Decision and Order, published on

April 4, 1994. (59 FR 15719).

The Department is proposing

definitions for ‘‘nonwater-heating

clothes washer’’ (section 1.11) and

‘‘water-heating clothes washer’’ (section

1.24) to differentiate different types of

clothes washers.

The Department is proposing to revise

the requirements for ‘‘electrical energy

supply’’ (section 2.2) to allow for higher

voltage clothes washers. Furthermore,

voltage tolerance has been increased

from approximately 1.6 percent to 2

percent to reduce testing burden. This

increase in tolerance will not reduce the

accuracy of energy consumption testing/

reporting.

The Department is proposing to add

procedures for testing water-heating

clothes washers which have variable

temperature controls (sections 3.2.2

through 3.2.2.4). The Department is

proposing to test water-heating clothes

washers at the coldest and hottest

setting available on the clothes washer

in addition to the existing test

procedure temperature settings for

warm (nominally 100°F) and hot

(nominally 140°F).

The proposed temperature use factors

for water-heating clothes washers are

based on revised temperature use factors

for a three temperature selection

nonwater-heating clothes washer. The

Department believes that the existing

TUFs for a three temperature selection

nonwater-heating clothes washer are
15336 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

appropriate for a water-heating clothes

washer, except that some consumers

will occasionally choose to use a

temperature setting higher than the

‘‘hot’’ setting since it is available to

them. The existing temperature use

factors for ‘‘cold/cold’’ (15 percent),

‘‘warm/warm or warm/cold’’ (55

percent) and ‘‘hot/warm or hot/cold’’

(30 percent) have been split into four

TUFs, one of 15 percent for the

‘‘coldest’’ setting, one of 55 percent for

the ‘‘warm’’ setting, one of 25 percent

for ‘‘hot’’ and one of 5 percent for the

‘‘hottest’’ setting. The Department does

not have data regarding the 5 percent

value, but is proposing to use it as

originally proposed by New Harmony.

The Department welcomes comments

on this proposal.

The Department is proposing tighter

tolerances for the supply water

temperature, and the ‘‘warm’’ and ‘‘hot’’

settings for water-heating clothes

washers as compared to nonwaterheating clothes washers. The

Department is proposing that the supply

water temperature be set at ‘‘a minimum

of 55°F (12.8°C) and a maximum of 60°F

(15.6°C).’’ The ‘‘warm’’ temperature

shall be set at ‘‘a minimum of 100°F

(37.8°C) and a maximum of 105°F

(40.6°C)’’ and the ‘‘hot’’ temperature

shall be set at ‘‘a minimum of 140°F

(60°C) and a maximum of 145°F

(62.8°C).’’ These tighter tolerances are

required for water-heating clothes

washers to reduce variability in energy

consumption testing/reporting and to

ensure that a minimum temperature rise

is tested. The temperature tolerance and

minimum temperature rise issues are

unique to a water-heating clothes

washer because the energy to raise the

water temperature is measured from

electrical consumption versus being

calculated as it is for nonwater-heating

clothes washers.

Since the issue of machine-controlled

water fill capability has been raised by

the Asko Waiver, the Department wants

to provide a provision for the possibility

of any type of clothes washer having

this feature. Thus, the Department is

proposing to add the definition of

‘‘machine-controlled water fill

capability’’ (section 1.7) to the test

procedure. In addition, the Department

is proposing a revision to the ‘‘toploader-vertical-axis clothes washer’’

section (section 2.8.1) to require the use

of a test load for clothes washers with

a machine-controlled water fill

capability feature. Therefore, a clothes

washer equipped with machinedcontrolled water fill capability will be

tested for maximum fill energy

consumption using a 7 pound (3.18 kg)

test load and for minimum fill energy

consumption using a 3 pound (1.36 kg)

test load. The Department believes that

consumers will occasionally wash loads

which are larger than 7 pounds (3.18 kg)

and will also wash loads which are

smaller than 3 pounds (1.36 kg). This

provision will allow for testing of

clothes washers that may have this

feature. The Department welcomes

comments on this proposed provision.

c. Water consumption and extraction

testing.

The Department is concerned about

water conservation and wishes to

provide for a procedure to determine the

water consumption of clothes washers.

The Department believes, consistent

with the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub.

L. 102–486, that water conservation is

important, and a need may exist to

determine actual water use.

Therefore, the Department is

proposing to add definitions, testing

procedures, and calculations regarding

water use. Additionally, for those water

or sewage utilities wishing to include

particular clothes washers in rebate

programs, the DOE test procedure

would provide a standardized means of

testing for water consumption.

The Department is proposing to add a

definition for a ‘‘Water consumption

factor’’ (section 1.23). Calculations for

the water consumption factor are

provided in section 4.3. The water

consumption factor is the ratio of the

clothes washer capacity divided by the

weighted per-cycle water consumption.

The weighted per-cycle water

consumption is the actual weighted

volume of water that a particular clothes

washer consumes. This measurement

could be used to estimate water

consumption on an annual basis. The

Department welcomes comments on this

proposal.

The Department is concerned about

water extraction in the clothes washers’

final spin. The Department believes that

mechanical extraction in a clothes

washer is more efficient than thermal

extraction in a clothes dryer. Therefore,

the Department wishes to provide for a

procedure measuring the water

extraction in clothes washers. The

Department is proposing to add a

definition for ‘‘moisture removal

energy’’ (section 1.10). Moisture

removal energy equals the weight of the

residual water in the test load at the

completion of the clothes washer cycle

multiplied by the nominal energy

needed to remove moisture using a

representative clothes dryer efficiency.

The calculations for moisture removal

energy are provided in the proposed test

procedure section 4.2. In today’s notice,

the Department requests comments,

data, and other relevant information

regarding the definition and calculation

of the moisture removal energy. The

Department is proposing a value of 0.5

Kwh/lb as the energy efficiency of a

representative clothes dryer to remove

moisture. The Department also is

interested in comments as to the

validity and usage of this value.

The Department is interested in

developing a new energy descriptor,

called a modified energy factor, which

will include moisture removal energy,

for possible future standard use. This

new descriptor will provide a means of

determining and comparing the entire

energy consumption of clothes washers.

Therefore, the Department is proposing

to add a definition for ‘‘modified energy

factor’’ (section 1.9). The modified

energy factor equals the ratio of the

capacity of the clothes washer divided

by the total energy, which consists of

the mechanical, hot water and moisture

removal energy. The calculations for the

modified energy factor are provided in

the proposed test procedure section 4.4.

The Department requests comments,

data, and other relevant information

regarding the definition and calculation

of this new energy descriptor.

D. Reporting Requirements

The Department is proposing to revise

the reporting requirements for clothes

washers, dishwashers and clothes

dryers. The present regulations do not

require the reporting of the energy

factors for these products. Prior to the

May 14, 1991 final rule for clothes

washers, dishwashers and clothes

dryers, there were no performance

standards for these products. Now, since

there are performance standards for

these products, the Department is

proposing to include certification

reporting. Section 430.62(a)(2).

III. Environmental Review

Pursuant to section 7(a) of the Federal

Energy Administration Act of 1974

(Pub. L. 93–275, 15 U.S.C. 766(a)), a

copy of this notice was submitted to the

Administrator of the Environmental

Protection Agency for the

Administrator’s comments concerning

the impacts of this proposal on the

quality of the environment.

DOE has concluded that this proposed

rule falls into a class of actions

(categorical exclusion A5) that are

categorically excluded from NEPA

review because they would not

individually or cumulatively have a

significant impact on the human

environment, as determined by DOE’s

regulations (10 CFR part 1021, Subpart

D) implementing the National

Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42

U.S.C. 4321, 4331–35, 4341–47 (1976)).
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15337

Therefore, this proposed rule does not

require an environmental impact

statement or an environmental

assessment pursuant to NEPA.

IV. Regulatory Review

Today’s regulatory proposal has been

determined not to be a ‘‘significant

regulatory action’’ under Executive

Order 12866, ‘‘Regulatory Planning and

Review,’’ (58 FR 51735, October 4,

1993). Accordingly, today’s action was

not subject to review under the

Executive Order by the Office of

Information and Regulatory Affairs.

V. Regulatory Flexibility Review

The proposed rule has been reviewed

under the Regulatory Flexibility Act,

Pub. L. 96–354 (42 U.S.C. 601–612)

which requires preparation of a

regulatory flexibility analysis for any

regulation that will have a significant

economic impact on a substantial

number of small entities, i.e., small

businesses and small government

jurisdictions. The proposed rule affects

manufacturers of water heaters; kitchen

ranges, ovens, and microwave ovens;

and clothes washers. The test

procedures would not have significant

economic impact, but rather, would

provide common testing methods. DOE

accordingly certifies that the proposed

rule would not, if promulgated, have a

significant economic impact on a

substantial number of small entities and

that preparation of a regulatory

flexibility analysis is not warranted.

VI. ‘‘Takings’’ Assessment Review

It has been determined pursuant to

Executive Order 12630 (52 FR 8859,

March 18, 1988) that this proposed

regulation, if adopted, would not result

in any takings which might require

compensation under the Fifth

Amendment to the United States

Constitution.

The Department believes that test

procedures implementing a longestablished statutory mandate in a

manner calculated to minimize adverse

economic impacts does not constitute a

‘‘taking’’ of private property. Thus,

testing under the appliance standards

program does not invoke the provisions

of E.O. 12630.

VII. Federalism Review

Executive Order 12612 (52 FR 41685,

October 30, 1987) requires that

regulations or rules be reviewed for any

substantial direct effects on States, on

the relationship between the Federal

Government and the States, or on the

distribution of power and

responsibilities among various levels of

Government. If there are sufficient

substantial direct effects, the Executive

Order 12612 requires the preparation of

a Federalism assessment to be used in

decisions by senior policymakers in

promulgating or implementing the

regulation.

DOE has identified a substantial

direct effect that today’s proposed rule

would have on State governments. It

would initially preempt inconsistent

State regulations. However, DOE has

concluded that such effect is not

sufficient to warrant preparation of a

federalism assessment for the following

reason: the Act provided for subsequent

State petitions for exemption. Thus, a

determination as to whether a State law

prevails must be made on a case-by-case

basis using criteria set forth in the Act.

When DOE receives such a petition, it

will then be appropriate to consider

preparing a federalism assessment

consistent with the criteria in the Act.

VIII. Review Under Section 32 of the

Federal Energy Administration

Authorization Act

The test procedure amendments

proposed today incorporate the

International Electrotechnical

Commission Publication 705, and

Amendment 2–1993, ‘‘Methods for

Measuring the Performance of

Microwave Ovens for Household and

Similar Purposes,’’ section 4, Paragraph

12 ‘‘Microwave Power Output

Measurement,’’ Paragraph 13 ‘‘Electrical

Power Output Measurement,’’ and

Paragraph 14 ‘‘Efficiency’’ to determine

the output power and efficiency for

microwave ovens.

Pursuant to section 301 of the

Department of Energy Organization Act

(Pub. L. 95–91), DOE is required to

comply with section 32 of the Federal

Energy Authorization Act of 1974 (15

U.S.C. 788), which imposes certain

requirements where a proposed rule

contains commercial standards or

authorizes or requires the use of such

standards.

The findings required of DOE by

section 32 of the Act serve to alert the

public and DOE regarding the use and

background of commercial standards in

a proposal and through the rulemaking

process. They allow interested persons

to make known their views regarding

the appropriateness of the use of any

particular commercial standard in a

proposed rulemaking.

DOE has evaluated the promulgation

of International Electrotechnical

Commission Publication 705, and

Amendment 2–1993, in light of the

public participation criteria of section

32(b). The Department is unable to

conclude whether development of these

standards fully complied with section

32(b) regarding the manner of public

participation.

As required by section 32(c), DOE will

consult with the Attorney General and

the Chairman of the Federal Trade

Commission concerning the impact of

these standards on competition, prior to

prescribing final test procedures.

IX. Paperwork Reduction Act Review

No new information or recordkeeping

requirements are imposed by this

rulemaking. Accordingly, no OMB

clearance is required under the

Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C.

3501 et seq.).

X. Review Under Executive Order

12778

Section 2 of Executive Order 12778

instructs each agency to adhere to

certain requirements in promulgating

new regulations and reviewing existing

regulations. These requirements, set

forth in sections 2(a) and (b)(2), include

eliminating drafting errors and needless

ambiguity, drafting the regulations to

minimize litigation, providing clear and

certain legal standards for affected

conduct, and promoting simplification

and burden reduction. Agencies are also

instructed to make every reasonable

effort to ensure that the regulation

specifies clearly any preemptive effect,

effect on existing Federal law or

regulation, and retroactive effect;

describes any administrative

proceedings to be available prior to

judicial review and any provisions for

the exhaustion of such administrative

proceedings; and defines key terms. The

DOE certifies that today’s proposed rule

meets the requirements of sections 2(a)

and (b)(2) of Executive Order 12778.

XI. Public Comment Procedures

A. Written Comment Procedures

Interested persons are invited to

participate in the rulemaking by

submitting data, comments, or

information with respect to the

proposed test procedures set forth in

this notice to the address indicated at

the beginning of the notice.

Comments should be identified both

on the envelope and on the documents

as ‘‘Water Heaters; Kitchen Ranges,

Ovens, and Microwave Ovens; and

Clothes Washers Test Procedures,

Docket No. EE–RM–94–230.’’ Ten (10)

copies are requested to be submitted. In

addition, the Department requests that

an electronic copy (31⁄2′′ diskette) of the

comments on WordPerfectTM 5.1 be

provided. All submittal received by the

date specified at the beginning of this

notice will be considered by the

Department of Energy before final action

is taken on the proposed amendments.
15338 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

Pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR

1004.11, any person submitting

information which he or she believes to

be confidential and exempt by law from

public disclosure should submit one

complete copy of the document and ten

(10) copies, if possible, from which the

information believed to be confidential

has been deleted. The Department of

Energy will make its own determination

with regard to the confidential status of

the information and treat it according to

its determination.

Factors of interest to DOE when

evaluating requests to treat as

confidential information that has been

submitted include: (1) A description of

the items; (2) an indication as to

whether and why such items are

customarily treated as confidential

within the industry; (3) whether the

information is generally known by or

available from other sources; (4)

whether the information has previously

been made available to others without

obligation concerning its

confidentiality; (5) an explanation of the

competitive injury to the submitting

person which would result from public

disclosure; (6) an indication as to when

such information might lose its

confidential character due to the

passage of time; and (7) why disclosure

of the information would be contrary to

the public interest.

B. Public Hearing

1. Procedures for Submitting Requests to

Speak

The time and place of the public

hearing are indicated at the beginning of

this notice. The Department of Energy

invites any person who has an interest

in today’s proposed rule, or who is a

representative of a group or class of

persons that has an interest in the

proposed test procedures, to make a

written request for an opportunity to

make an oral presentation. Such

requests should be directed to the

address indicated at the beginning of

this notice. Requests may be hand

delivered to such address between the

hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday

through Friday, except Federal holidays.

Requests should be labeled ‘‘Test

Procedure for Water Heaters; Kitchen

Ranges, Ovens and Microwave Ovens;

and Clothes Washers; and Reporting

Requirements for Clothes Washers,

Clothes Dryers, and Dishwashers,

Docket No. EE–RM–94–230,’’ both on

the document and on the envelope.

The person making the request should

briefly describe the interest concerned

and state why he or she, either

individually or as a representative of a

group or class of persons that have such

an interest, is an appropriate

spokesperson, and give a telephone

number where he or she may be

contacted.

Each person selected to be heard is

requested to submit an advance copy of

their statement prior to the hearing as

indicated at the beginning of this notice.

In the event any persons wishing to

testify cannot meet this requirement,

that person may make alternative

arrangements with the Office of

Hearings and Dockets in advance by so

indicating in the letter requesting to

make an oral presentation.

2. Conduct of Hearing

The Department of Energy reserves

the right to select the persons to be

heard at the hearing, to schedule the

respective presentations, and to

establish the procedures governing the

conduct of the hearing. The length of

each presentation is limited to twenty

(20) minutes.

A DOE official will be designated to

preside at the hearing. The hearing will

not be a judicial or an evidentiary-type

hearing, but will be conducted in

accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553 and

section 336 of the Act. At the

conclusion of all initial oral statements

at each day of the hearing, each person

who has made an oral statement will be

given the opportunity to make a rebuttal

statement, subject to time limitations.

The rebuttal statement will be given in

the order in which the initial statements

were made. The official conducting the

hearing will accept additional

comments or questions from those

attending, as time permits. Any

interested person may submit, to the

presiding official, written questions to

be asked of any person making a

statement at the hearing. The presiding

official will determine whether the

question is relevant, and whether time

limitations permit it to be presented for

answer.

Any further procedural rules

regarding proper conduct of the hearing

will be announced by the presiding

official.

A transcript of the hearing will be

made, and the entire record of this

rulemaking, including the transcript,

will be retained by DOE and made

available for inspection at the DOE

Freedom of Information Reading Room,

U.S. Department of Energy, Forrestal

Building, Room 1E–190, 1000

Independence Avenue, SW.,

Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586–6020,

between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4 p.m.,

Monday through Friday, except Federal

holidays. Any person may purchase a

copy of the transcript from the

transcribing reporter.

C. Issues for Public Comment

The Department of Energy is

interested in receiving comments and

data concerning the accuracy and

workability of these test procedures.

Also, the Department welcomes

discussion on improvements or

alternatives to these approaches. In

particular, DOE is interested in

gathering comments on the following:

• The appropriateness of including

test procedures for electric and oil

instantaneous water heaters.

• The impacts on manufacturer(s) as

a result of extending coverage of the

existing minimum energy efficiency

standards for electric and oil-fired

instantaneous water heaters.

• The appropriateness of including

the draw schedule and draw rate of the

American National Standards Institute/

American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air Conditioning

Engineers Standard 118.2–1993 for

storage water heaters with rated storage

capacities less than 20 gallons (76

liters).

• The impacts on manufacturer(s) as

a result of extending coverage of the

existing minimum energy efficiency

standards for storage-type water heaters

of less than 20 gallons (76 liters).

• The appropriateness of the

proposed definition, first hour rating,

for instantaneous and storage water

heaters.

• The appropriateness of the

proposed first hour rating test method

for storage tank-type water heaters.

• The appropriateness of a first hour

rating which might give unrealistic

results for water heaters containing

thermal compensating dip tubes or

internal mixing valves.

• The appropriateness of the

proposed definitions: heat pump water

heater, add-on heat pump water heater,

integral heat pump water heater, solar

water heater, and heat pump water

heater storage tank.

• The adequateness of the test

provisions for heat pump water heaters

regarding the usage of backup electric

resistance element(s).

• The appropriateness of the

proposed test energy method to

determine the output energy for

microwave ovens.

• The appropriateness to incorporate

by reference the International

Electrotechnical Commission

Publication 705, and Amendment 2–

1993, ‘‘Methods for Measuring the

Performance of Microwave Ovens for

Household and Similar Purposes,’’

section 4, Paragraph 12 ‘‘Microwave

Power Output Measurement,’’ Paragraph

13 ‘‘Electrical Power Output
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15339

Measurement,’’ and Paragraph 14

‘‘Efficiency’’ as a test method for

microwave ovens.

• The appropriateness of the

proposed definitions: Agitator, machinecontrolled water fill capability,

modified energy factor, moisture

removal factor, nonwater-heating

clothes washer, thermostatically

controlled valves, top-loader-horizontalaxis clothes washer, top- loader-verticalaxis clothes washer, water consumption

factor and water-heating clothes washer.

• The appropriateness of the

proposed test and performance

measurement methods for water-heating

clothes washers.

• The appropriateness of using 5

percent and 25 percent to prorate the

‘‘hottest’’ available setting and the ‘‘hot’’

setting, respectively, for water-heating

clothes washers.

• The appropriateness of a new

descriptor (moisture removal energy) to

determine the efficiency of moisture

removal from the test load.

• The appropriateness of a new

descriptor (water consumption factor) to

determine the water consumption of

clothes washers.

• The appropriateness of a new

efficiency descriptor (modified energy

factor) for possible future use in

establishing energy conservation

standards for clothes washers.

List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430

Administrative practice and

procedure, Energy conservation,

Household appliances, Incorporation by

reference.

Issued in Washington, DC, February 8,

1995.

Christine Ervin,

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy.

For the reasons set forth in the

preamble, part 430 of chapter II of title

10, of the Code of Federal Regulations

is proposed to be amended as set forth

below:

PART 430—ENERGY CONSERVATION

PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER

PRODUCTS

1. The authority citation for Part 430

continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291–6309.

2. Section 430.22 is amended by

revising paragraph (a)(2)(ii) and adding

paragraph (a)(3)(iv) and adding item

number 13 to paragraph (a)(4) to read as

follows:

§ 430.22 Reference sources.

(a) * * *

(2) * * *

(ii) U.S. Department of Energy, Office

of Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy, Hearings and Dockets, Forrestal

Building, 1000 Independence Avenue,

SW., Washington, DC 20585.

(3) * * *

(iv) Copies of the International

Electrotechnical Commission

Publication can be obtained from the

American National Standards Institute,

11 West 42nd Street, New York, New

York 10036, (212) 642–4936.

(4) * * *

13. International Electrotechnical

Commission Publication 705, and

Amendment 2–1993, ‘‘Methods for

Measuring the Performance of Microwave

Ovens for Household and Similar Purposes,’’

Section 4, Paragraph 12 ‘‘Microwave Power

Output Measurement,’’ Paragraph 13

‘‘Electrical Power Output Measurement,’’ and

Paragraph 14 ‘‘Efficiency.’’

§ 430.23 [Amended]

3. Section 430.23, Test procedures for

measures of energy consumption, is

amended to read as follows:

A. In § 430.23(i)(1)(iii) (second

sentence) replace ‘‘4.3.1, 4.2.2, 4.1.2.5,

or 4.1.2.6, 4.4.3, and 4.5.1.3’’ with ‘‘4.3,

4.2.2, 4.1.2, and 4.4.3.’’

B. In § 430.23(i)(2) (first sentence)

replace ‘‘4.2.1.3, 4.1.3 and 4.4.2’’ with

‘‘4.2.1, 4.1.3, and 4.4.4.’’

C. In § 430.23(i)(3) (first sentence)

replace ‘‘4.3.2, and 4.5.2’’ with ‘‘4.3’’

and replace the comma following

‘‘subpart’’ with a period and remove the

remainder of the sentence.

D. In § 430.23(i)(4) (first sentence)

replace ‘‘4.3.3, 4.2.3, 4.1.4, 4.4.4 and

4.5.3’’ with ‘‘4.3, 4.2.3, 4.1.4, 4.4.5.’’

E. In § 430.23(j)(1)(i)(A) replace ‘‘416’’

with ‘‘392’’.

F. In § 430.23(j)(1)(i)(B) replace

‘‘determined according to 4.6’’ with

‘‘determined according to section 4.1.1.6

(nonwater-heating) or 4.1.2.2 (waterheating)’’.

G. In § 430.23(j)(1)(ii) (introductory

text) replace ‘‘When gas-heated or oilheated water is used, the product of: the

representative average-use cycle of 416

cycles per year’’ with ‘‘When gas-heated

or oil-heated water is used, the product

of: the representative average-use cycle

of 392 cycles per year (for nonwaterheating clothes washers)’’.

H. In § 430.23(j)(1)(ii)(A) replace ‘‘4.4’’

with ‘‘4.1.1.4’’.

I. In § 430.23(j)(1)(ii)(B) replace ‘‘in

Btu per cycle, determined according to

4.5’’ with ‘‘in Btu per cycle (MJ per

kwh), determined according to section

4.1.1.5’’.

J. In § 430.23, paragraph (j)(2) is

revised to read as follows:

§ 430.23 Test procedures for methods of

energy consumption.

* * * * *

(j) * * *

(2)(i) The energy factor for automatic

and semi-automatic clothes washers

shall be the quotient of the cubic foot

(liter) capacity of the clothes container

as determined in 3.1 of appendix J to

this subpart divided by the clothes

washer energy consumption per cycle,

expressed as: (for nonwater-heating

clothes washers) the sum of the machine

electrical energy consumption and the

hot water energy consumption as

determined in 4.1.1.4 and 4.1.1.3,

respectively, of appendix J to this

subpart; (or for water-heating clothes

washers) the energy consumption as

determined in 4.1.2.2, of appendix J to

this subpart. The result shall be rounded

off to the nearest 0.01 cubic foot per

kilowatt-hour per cycle (0.01 liter per

kilowatt-hour per cycle).

(ii) The modified energy factor for

automatic and semi-automatic clothes

washers is determined in accordance

with section 4.4.1 (nonwater-heating

clothes washers) or 4.4.2 (water-heating

clothes washers), of appendix J to this

subpart. The result shall be rounded off

to the nearest 0.01 cubic foot per

kilowatt-hour per cycle (0.01 liter per

kilowatt-hour per cycle).

(iii) The water consumption factor for

automatic and semi-automatic clothes

washers is determined in accordance

with section 4.3.3, of appendix J to this

subpart. The result shall be rounded off

to the nearest 0.001 cubic foot per gallon

per cycle (0.001 liter per liter per cycle).

* * * * *

4. Appendix E to subpart B of part 430

is revised to read as follows:

Appendix E to Subpart B of Part 430—

Uniform Test Method for Measuring the

Energy Consumption of Water Heaters

1. Definitions

1.1 Cut-in means the time or water

temperature when a water heater thermostat

has acted to increase the energy or fuel input

to the heating elements, compressor, or

burner.

1.2 Cut-out means the time or water

temperature when a water heater thermostat

has acted to reduce to a minimum the energy

or fuel input to the heating elements,

compressor, or burner.

1.3 Design Power Rating means the

nominal power rating that a water heater

manufacturer assigns to a particular design of

water heater, expressed in kilowatts or Btu

(KJ) per hour as appropriate.

1.4 Energy Factor means a measure of

water heater overall efficiency.

1.5 First Hour Rating is an estimate of the

maximum volume of ‘‘hot’’ water that a

storage-type water heater can supply within

an hour that begins with the water heater
15340 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

fully heated (i.e., all thermostats satisfied).

For instantaneous water heaters, first hour

rating designates the maximum volume of

hot water that can be supplied during any

hour.

1.6 Heat Pump Water Heater Storage

Tank is an insulated tank designed, wired

and labeled for use exclusively with an addon heat pump water heater or solar water

heater and being unable to operate without

an add-on heat pump water heater or solar

water heater. The heat pump water heater

storage tank may contain one or two

thermostats and up to two electric resistance

heating elements, and has a manufacturer’s

rated capacity of 120 gallons (450 liters) or

less. When tested with the add-on heat pump

water heater or solar water heater

inoperative, the heat pump water heater

storage tank shall have an energy factor that

is determined in accordance with the test

procedure for water heaters.

1.7 Heat Trap means a device which can

be integrally connected or independently

attached to the hot and/or cold water pipe

connections of a water heater such that the

device will develop a thermal or mechanical

seal to minimize the recirculation of water

due to thermal convection between the water

heater tank and its connecting pipes.

1.8 Instantaneous-Type Water Heaters.

1.8.1 Electric Instantaneous Water Heater

means a water heater that uses electricity as

the energy source, initiates heating based on

sensing water flow, is designed to deliver

water at a controlled temperature of less than

180°F (82°C), has a maximum input of 12

kilowatts or less, and has a manufacturer’s

specified storage capacity of less than 2

gallons (8 liters). The unit may use a fixed

or variable power input.

1.8.2 Gas Instantaneous Water Heater

means a water heater that uses gas as the

energy source, initiates heating based on

sensing water flow, is designed to deliver

water at a controlled temperature of less than

180°F (82°C), has an input greater than

50,000 Btu per hour (53 MJ per hour) but less

than 200,000 Btu per hour (210 MJ per hour),

and has a manufacturer’s specified storage

capacity of less than 2 gallons (8 liters). The

unit may use a fixed or variable burner input.

1.8.3 Oil Instantaneous Water Heater

means a water heater that uses oil as the

energy source, initiates heating based on

sensing water flow, is designed to deliver

water at a controlled temperature of less than

180°F (82°C), has an input greater than

50,000 Btu per hour (53 MJ per hour) but less

than 200,000 Btu per hour (210 MJ per hour),

and has a manufacturer’s specified storage

capacity of less than 2 gallons (8 liters). The

unit may use a fixed or variable burner input.

1.9 Recovery Efficiency means the ratio of

energy delivered to the water to the energy

content of the fuel consumed by the water

heater.

1.10 Standby means the time during

which water is not being withdrawn from the

water heater. There are two standby time

intervals used within this test procedure:

τstby,1 represents the elapsed time between the

time at which the maximum mean tank

temperature is observed after the sixth draw

and subsequent recovery and the end of the

24-hour test; τstby,2 represents the total time

during the 24-hour simulated use test when

water was not being withdrawn from the

water heater.

1.11 Storage-Type Water Heaters.

1.11.1 Electric storage water heater means

a water heater that uses electricity as the

energy source, is designed to heat and store

water at a thermostatically controlled

temperature of less than 180°F (82°C), has a

nominal input of 12 kilowatts or less, and has

a manufacturer’s rated storage capacity of 120

gallons (450 liters) or less.

1.11.2 Gas Storage Water Heater means a

water heater that uses gas as the energy

source, is designed to heat and store water at

a thermostatically controlled temperature of

less than 180°F (82°C), has a nominal input

of 75,000 Btu per hour (79 MJ per hour) or

less, and has a manufacturer’s rated storage

capacity of 100 gallons (380 liters) or less.

1.11.3 Heat Pump Water Heater means a

water heater that uses electricity as the

energy source, is designed to heat and store

water at a thermostatically controlled

temperature of less than 180°F (82°C), has a

maximum current rating of 24 amperes

(includes the compressor and all auxiliary

equipment such as fans, pumps, and

controls, and if on the same circuit, any

resistive elements) for an input voltage of 250

volts or less, and, if the tank is supplied, has

a manufacturer’s rated storage capacity of 120

gallons (450 liters) or less. Resistive elements

used to provide supplemental heating may

use the same circuit as the compressor if (1)

An interlocking mechanism prevents

concurrent compressor operation and

resistive heating, or (2) concurrent operation

does not result in the maximum current

rating of 24 amperes being exceeded.

Otherwise, separate circuits shall be used by

the resistive elements and the heat pump

components. A heat pump water heater may

be an integral type or an add-on type.

a. Integral heat pump water heater—An airto-water heat pump integral with an

insulated storage tank.

b. Add-on heat pump water heater—An airto-water heat pump designed for use with a

heat pump water heater storage tank.

1.11.4 Oil Storage Water Heater means a

water heater that uses oil as the energy

source, is designed to heat and store water at

a thermostatically controlled temperature of

less than 180°F (82°C), has a nominal energy

input of 105,000 Btu/hr (110 MJ/hr) or less,

and has a manufacturer’s rated storage

capacity of 50 gallons (190 liters) or less.

1.11.5 Solar Water Heater means a water

heater that is designed to obtain at least half

of the annual energy for heating water from

the sun.

1.12 ASHRAE Standard 41.1–86 means

the standard published in 1986 by the

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. and

titled Standard Measurement Guide: Section

on Temperature Measurements.

1.13 ASTM–D–2156–80 means the test

standard published in 1980 by the American

Society of Testing and Measurements and

titled Method for Smoke Density in Flue

Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels.

1.14 Rated Storage Volume means the

water storage capacity of a water heater, in

gallons (liters), as specified by the

manufacturer.

2. Test Conditions

2.1 Installation Requirements. Tests shall

be performed with the water heater and

instrumentation installed in accordance with

Section 4 of this appendix.

2.2 Ambient Air Temperature. The

ambient air temperature shall be controlled

to a value between 65.0°F and 70.0°F (18.3°C

and 21.1°C) on a continuous basis. For heat

pump water heaters, the dry bulb

temperature shall be maintained at 67.5°F ±

1°F (19.7°C ± 0.6°C) and, in addition, the

relative humidity shall be maintained

between 49 and 51 percent.

2.3 Supply Water Temperature. The

temperature of the water being supplied to

the water heater shall be maintained at 58°F±

2°F (14.4°C±1.1°C) throughout the test.

2.4 Storage Tank Temperature. The

average temperature of the water within the

storage tank shall be set to 135°F±5°F

(57.2°C±2.8°C).

2.5 Supply Water Pressure. During the

test when water is not being withdrawn, the

supply pressure shall be maintained between

40 psig (275 kPa) and the maximum

allowable pressure specified by the water

heater manufacturer.

2.6 Electrical and/or Fossil Fuel Supply.

2.6.1 Electrical. Maintain the electrical

supply voltage to within ±1 percent of the

center of the voltage range specified by the

water heater and/or heat pump manufacturer.

2.6.2 Natural Gas. Maintain the supply

pressure in accordance with the

manufacturer’s specifications. If the supply

pressure is not specified, maintain a supply

pressure of 7 to 10 inches of water column

(1.7 Kpa to 2.5 Kpa). If the water heater is

equipped with a gas appliance pressure

regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall

be within ±10% of the manufacturer’s

specified manifold pressure. Use natural gas

having a higher heating value of

approximately 1,025 Btu per standard cubic

foot (38190 KJ per standard cubic meter).

2.6.3 Propane Gas. Maintain the supply

pressure in accordance with the

manufacturer’s specifications. If the supply

pressure is not specified, maintain a supply

pressure of 11 to 13 inches of water column

(2.7 kPa to 3.2 kPa). If the water heater is

equipped with a gas appliance pressure

regulator, the regulator outlet pressure shall

be within ±10% of the manufacturer’s

specified manifold pressure. Use propane gas

with a higher heating value of approximately

2,500 Btu per standard cubic foot (93 kJ per

standard cubic meter).

2.6.4 Fuel Oil Supply. Maintain an

uninterrupted supply of fuel oil. Use fuel oil

having a heating value of approximately

138,700 Btu per gallon (38,660 kJ per liter).

3. Instrumentation

3.1 Pressure Measurements. Pressure

measuring instruments shall have an error no

greater than the following values:
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15341

Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision

Gas pressure ....................... ± 0.1 inch of water column (± 0.025 kPa) ....................... ± 0.05 inch of water column (± 0.012 kPa).

Atmospheric pressure ......... ± 0.1 inch of mercury column (± 0.34 kPa) .................... ± 0.05 inch of mercury column (± 0.17 kPa).

Water pressure .................... ± 1.0 pounds per square inch (± 6.9 kPa) ...................... ± 0.50 pounds per square inch (± 3.45 kPa).

3.2 Temperature Measurement.

3.2.1 Measurement. Temperature

measurements shall be made in accordance

with the Standard Measurement Guide:

Section on Temperature Measurements,

ASHRAE Standard 41.1–86.

3.2.2 Accuracy and Precision. The

accuracy and precision of the instruments,

including their associated readout devices,

shall be within the limits as follows:

Item measured Instrument accuracy Instrument precision

Air dry bulb temperature ................................................................................................................. ± 0.2 °F (± 0.1 °C) ..... ± 0.1 °F (± 0.06 °C).

Air wet bulb temperature ................................................................................................................. ± 0.2 °F (± 0.1 °C) ..... ± 0.1 °F (± 0.06 °C).

Inlet and outlet water temperatures ................................................................................................ ± 0.2 °F (± 0.1 °C) ..... ± 0.1 °F (± 0.06 °C).

Storage tank temperatures ............................................................................................................. ± 0.5 °F (± 0.3 °C) ..... ± 0.25 °F (± 0.14 °C).

3.2.3 Scale Division. In no case shall the

smallest scale division of the instrument or

instrument system exceed 2 times the

specified precision.

3.2.4 Temperature Difference.

Temperature difference between the entering

and leaving water may be measured with any

of the following:

a. A thermopile

b. Calibrated resistance thermometers

c. Precision thermometers

d. Calibrated thermistors

e. Calibrated thermocouple

f. Quartz thermometers

3.2.5 Thermopile Construction. If a

thermopile is used, it shall be made from

calibrated thermocouple wire taken from a

single spool. Extension wires to the recording

device shall also be made from that same

spool.

3.2.6 Time Constant. The time constant of

the instruments used to measure the inlet

and outlet water temperatures shall be no

greater than 5 seconds.

3.3 Liquid Flow Measurements. The

accuracy of the liquid flow rate

measurement, using the calibration if

furnished, shall be equal to or less than ± 1%

of the measured value in mass units per unit

time.

3.4 Electric Energy. The electrical energy

used shall be measured with an instrument

and associated readout device that are

accurate within ±1% of the reading.

3.5 Fossil Fuels. The quantity of fuel used

by the water heater shall be measured with

an instrument and associated readout device

that is accurate within ±1% of the reading.

3.6 Mass Measurements. For mass

measurements greater than or equal to 10

pounds (4.5 kg), a scale that is accurate

within ±1.0% of the reading shall be used to

make the measurement. For mass

measurements less than 10 pounds (4.5 kg),

the scale shall provide a measurement that is

accurate within ±0.1 pound (±0.045 kg).

3.7 Heating Value. The higher heating

value of the natural gas, propane, or fuel oil

shall be measured with an instrument and

associated readout device that is accurate

within ±1% of the reading. The heating value

of natural gas and propane must be corrected

for local temperature and pressure

conditions.

3.8 Time. The elapsed time

measurements shall be measured with an

instrument that is accurate within ±0.5

seconds per hour.

4. Installation

4.1 Water Heater Mounting. A water

heater designed to be free standing shall be

installed according to the manufacturer’s

directions on a 3⁄4 inch (2 cm) thick plywood

platform supported by three 2×4 inch (5

cm×10 cm) runners. If the water heater is not

approved for installation on combustible

flooring, suitable non-combustible material

shall be placed between it and the platform.

For heat pump water heaters without a

storage tank supplied by the manufacturer,

connections shall be made with a storage

tank as described in section 4.10 and in

accordance with manufacturer-published

installation instructions. The storage tank

and heat pump section shall be placed on

platform(s) constructed as previously

described. If installation materials are not

provided by the heat pump manufacturer,

use uninsulated 8 foot (2.4 m) long

connecting hoses, having an inside diameter

of 5⁄8 inch (1.6 cm). Wall mounted water

heaters shall be installed in accordance with

manufacturer-published installation

instructions on a simulated wall section

made from 3⁄4 inch (2 centimeter) plywood

and 2×4 inch (5×10 centimeter) studs.

Placement in the test room shall be in an area

protected from drafts.

4.2 Water Supply. The water supply shall

be capable of delivering water at conditions

as specified in sections 2.3 and 2.5.

4.3 Water Inlet and Outlet Configuration.

Inlet and outlet piping connections shall be

configured as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, or

3. For water heaters that are 36 inches (91

centimeters) or less in height and intended

for installation either beneath, adjacent to, or

in conjunction with a counter (commonly

referred to as an under-the-counter or tabletop model), the inlet and outlet connections

shall be configured as illustrated in Figures

4a and 4b. Type ‘‘L’’ hard copper tubing, the

same size as the connections on the water

heater, shall be connected to the tank and

extend 24 inches (61 centimeters) in length.

If an under-the-counter type water heater is

not factory equipped with pipe to extend the

field connection point of the water heater

lines to outside of the jacket or cabinet, type

‘‘L’’ hard copper tubing shall be used to

extend the water line horizontally to the

exterior of the jacket or cabinet. Unions may

be used to facilitate installation and removal

of the piping arrangements. A pressure gauge

and diaphragm expansion tank shall be

installed in the supply water piping at a

location upstream of the 24-inch (61

centimeters) cold water inlet pipe. An

appropriately rated pressure and temperature

relief valve shall be installed on all water

heaters at the port specified by the

manufacturer. Discharge piping for the relief

valve shall be non-metallic. If heat traps and/

or piping insulation and/or pressure relief

valve insulation are supplied with the water

heater, they shall be installed for testing.

Clearance shall be provided such that none

of the piping contacts other surfaces in the

test room.

4.4 Fuel and/or Electrical Power and

Energy Consumption. Install one or more

instruments which measure, as appropriate,

the quantity and rate of electrical energy and/

or fossil fuel consumption in accordance

with Section 3. For heat pump water heaters

that use supplemental resistive heating, the

electrical energy supplied to the resistive

element(s) shall be metered separately from

the electrical energy supplied to the entire

appliance or to the remaining components

(i.e., compressor, fans, pumps, controls, etc.).

4.5 Internal Storage Tank Temperature

Measurements. Install six temperature

measurement sensors inside the water heater

tank with a vertical distance of at least 4

inches (10 centimeters) between successive

sensors. A temperature sensor shall be

positioned at the vertical midpoint of each of

the six equal volume nodes within the tank.

Nodes designate the equal volumes used to

evenly partition the total volume of the tank.

As much as is possible, the temperature

sensor should be positioned away from any

heating elements, anodic protective devices,

tank walls, and flue pipe walls. If the tank

cannot accommodate six temperature sensors

and meet the installation requirements

specified above, install the maximum

number of sensors which comply with the

installation requirements. The temperature

sensors shall be installed either through (1)

the anodic device opening; (2) the relief valve

opening; or (3) the hot water outlet. If
15342 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

installed through the relief valve opening or

the hot water outlet, a tee fitting or outlet

piping, as applicable, shall be installed as

close as possible to its original location. If the

relief valve temperature sensor is relocated,

and it no longer extends into the top of the

tank, a substitute relief valve that has a

sensing element that can reach into the tank

shall be installed. If the hot water outlet

includes a heat trap, the heat trap shall be

installed on top of the tee fitting. Added

fittings shall be covered with thermal

insulation having an R value between 4 and

8 hr·ft2·°F/Btu (0.7 and 1.4 m2·°C/W).

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15343

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
15344 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

4.6 Ambient Temperature. The ambient

air temperature shall be measured

approximately at the vertical mid-point of the

water heater and approximately 2 feet (60

centimeters) from the surface of the water

heater. The sensor shall be shielded against

radiation.

4.7 Inlet and Outlet Water Temperature

Measurements. Install temperature sensors in

the cold-water inlet pipe and hot-water outlet

pipe as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, or 4a and

4b, as applicable.

4.8 Flow Control. A flow control valve

shall be installed to provide flow as specified

in Section 5.

4.9 Flue Requirements.

4.9.1 Gas-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a

natural draft in the following manner. For

gas-fired water heaters having a vertically

discharging draft hood outlet, a 5-foot (1.5

meter) vertical vent pipe extension having a

diameter equal to the largest flue collar size

of the draft hood shall be connected to the

draft hood outlet. For gas-fired water heaters

having a horizontally discharging draft hood

outlet, a 90-degree elbow having a diameter

equal to the largest flue collar size of the draft

hood shall be connected to the draft hood

outlet. A 5-foot (1.5 meter) length of vent

pipe shall be connected to the elbow and

oriented to discharge vertically upward.

Direct vent gas-fired water heaters shall be

installed with venting equipment specified in

the manufacturer’s instructions using the

minimum vertical and horizontal lengths of

vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.

4.9.2 Oil-Fired Water Heaters. Establish a

draft at the flue collar as specified in the

manufacturer’s literature. Establish the draft

by using a sufficient length of vent pipe

connected to the water heater flue outlet and

directed vertically upward. For an oil-fired

water heater having a horizontally

discharging draft hood outlet, a 90-degree

elbow having a diameter equal to the largest

flue collar size of the draft hood shall be

connected to the draft hood outlet. A length

of vent pipe sufficient to establish the draft

shall be connected to the elbow fitting and

oriented to discharge vertically upward.

Direct vent oil-fired water heaters should be

installed with venting equipment as specified

in the manufacturer’s instructions, using the

minimum vertical and horizontal lengths of

vent pipe recommended by the manufacturer.

4.10 Heat Pump Water Heater Storage

Tank. The heat pump water heater storage

tank to be used for testing a heat pump water

heater without a tank supplied by the

manufacturer shall have a volume of 47.0

gallons ±1.0 gallon C 180±4 liters with an

Energy Factor of 0.87±.01 as determined in

accordance with Section 6.1.7 with two 4.5

kW heating elements controlled in such a

manner as to prevent both elements from

operating simultaneously.

5. Test Procedures

5.1 Storage-Type Water Heaters,

Including Heat Pump Water Heaters.

5.1.1 Determination of Storage Tank

Volume. Determine the storage capacity, Vst,

of the water heater under test, in gallons

(liters), by subtracting the tare weight—

measured while the tank is empty—from the

gross weight of the storage tank when

completely filled with water (with all air

eliminated and line pressure applied as

described in section 2.5) and dividing the

resulting net weight by the density of water.

Density shall be evaluated based on the

temperature of the stored water.

5.1.2 Setting the Thermostat for a

Thermostatically Operated Water Heater.

Starting with a tank of supply water, initiate

normal operation of the water heater. After

cutout, determine the mean tank temperature

(based on all of the in-tank sensors) every

minute until the maximum value is observed.

Determine whether this maximum value for

the mean tank temperature is within the

range of 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C). If not,

turn off the water heater, adjust the

thermostat, and refill the tank with supply

water. Then, initiate normal operation of the

water heater, and once again determine the

maximum mean tank temperature after cutout. Repeat this sequence until the maximum

mean tank temperature after cut-out is within

the range of 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C).

If an electric water heater has two or more

thermostats, the thermostat that controls the

upper-most heating element shall be set first

to yield a maximum water temperature of

135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C), as measured by

the in-tank sensors that are positioned above

the upper-most heating element. The

thermostat that controls the heating element

positioned next highest in the tank shall then

be set to yield a maximum water temperature

of 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C). This process

shall be repeated until the thermostat

controlling the lowest element is correctly

adjusted. When adjusting the thermostat that

controls the lowest element, the maximum

mean tank temperature after cut-out, as

determined using all the in-tank sensors,

shall be within 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C).

When adjusting all other thermostats, use

only the in-tank temperature sensors

positioned above the heating element in

question to evaluate the maximum water

temperature after cut-out.

For heat pump water heaters, which

control an auxiliary resistance element, the

thermostat shall be set in accordance with

the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

5.1.3 Power Input Determination. For all

water heaters except electric types having

immersed heating elements, initiate normal

operation and determine the power input, P,

to the main burners (including pilot light

power, if any) after 15 minutes of operation.

If the water heater is equipped with a gas

appliance pressure regulator, the regulator

outlet pressure shall be set within ±10% of

that recommended by the manufacturer. For

oil-fired water heaters the fuel pump

pressure shall be within ±10% of the

manufacturer’s specified pump pressure. All

burners shall be adjusted to achieve an

hourly Btu (kJ) rating that is within ±2% of

the value specified by the manufacturer. For

an oil-fired water heater, adjust the burner to

give a CO2 reading recommended by the

manufacturer and an hourly Btu (kJ) rating

that is within ±2% of that specified by the

manufacturer. Smoke in the flue may not

exceed No. 1 smoke as measured by the

procedure in ASTM–D–2156–80.

5.1.4 First Hour Rating Test.

5.1.4.1 General. During hot water draws,

remove water at a rate of 3.00±0.25 gallons

per minute (11.4±0.95 liters per minute) for

units with rated storage capacities of 20

gallons (76 liters) or more and 1.0±0.25

gallons per minute (3.8±0.95 liters per

minute) for units with rated storage

capacities less than 20 gallons (76 liters).

Collect the water in a container that is large

enough to hold the volume removed during

an individual draw and suitable for weighing

at the termination of each draw.

Alternatively, a water meter may be used to

directly measure the water volume(s)

withdrawn.

5.1.4.2 Draw Initiation Criterion. Begin

the first hour rating test by imposing a draw

on the storage-type water heater. After

completion of this first draw, initiate

successive draws based on the following

criteria. For gas- and oil-fired water heaters,

initiate successive draws when the

thermostat acts to reduce the supply of fuel

to the main burner. For electric water heaters

having a single element or multiple elements

that all operate simultaneously, initiate

successive draws when the thermostat acts to

reduce the electrical input supplied to the

element(s). For electric water heaters having

two or more elements that do not operate

simultaneously, initiate successive draws

when the applicable thermostat acts to

reduce the electrical input to the element

located vertically highest in the storage tank.

For heat pump water heaters that do not use

supplemental resistive heating, initiate

successive draws immediately after the

electrical input to the compressor is reduced

by the action of the water heater’s thermostat.

For heat pump water heaters that do use

supplemental resistive heating, initiate

successive draws immediately after the

electrical input to the compressor or the

uppermost resistive element is reduced by

the action of the applicable water heater

thermostat. This draw initiation criterion for

heat pump water heaters that use

supplemental resistive heating, however,

shall only apply when the water located

above the thermostat at cut-out is heated to

135°F ±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C).

5.1.4.3 Test Sequence. Establish normal

water heater operation. If the water heater is

not presently operating, initiate a draw. The

draw may be terminated anytime after cut-in

occurs. Once cut-out occurs (e.g., all

thermostats satisfied), monitor the internal

storage tank temperature sensors described in

section 4.5 every minute. For each set of

measurements, calculate the mean tank

temperature. If any of these mean values are

outside the range specified in section 2.4,

adjust the thermostat(s) as specified in

section 5.1.2 and reevaluate the mean tank

temperature after all thermostats are again

satisfied.

Initiate a draw after a maximum mean tank

temperature has been observed following cutout. Record the time when the draw is

initiated and designate it as an elapsed time

of zero, (τ* = 0). The superscript * is used to

denote variables pertaining to the first hour

rating test. Record the outlet water

temperature beginning 15 seconds after the

draw is initiated and at 5 second intervals

thereafter, until the draw is terminated.

Determine the maximum outlet temperature

that occurs during this first draw and record
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15345

it as T*

max,1. For the duration of this first

draw and all successive draws, in addition,

monitor the inlet temperature to the water

heater to assure that the required 58°F±2°F

(14.4°C ± 1.1°C) test condition is met.

Terminate the hot water draw when the

outlet temperature decreases to T*

max,1 ¥

25°F (T*

max,1¥13.9°C). Record this

temperature as T*

min,1. Following draw

termination, determine the average outlet

water temperature and the mass or volume

removed during this first draw and record

them as T ̄ *

del,1 and M*1 or V*1, respectively.

Initiate a second and, if applicable,

successive draws each time the applicable

draw initiation criterion described in section

5.1.4.2 is satisfied. As required for the first

draw, record the outlet water temperature

beginning 15 seconds after initiating each

draw and at 5 second intervals thereafter

until the draw is terminated. Determine the

maximum outlet temperature that occurs

during each draw and record it as T*

max,i,

where i refers to the draw number. Terminate

each hot water draw when the outlet

temperature decreases to T*

max,i ¥ 25°F

(T*

max,i ¥ 13.9°C). Record this temperature as

T*

min,i. Calculate and record the average

outlet temperature and the mass or volume

removed during each draw (T ̄ *

del,i and M*i or

V*

i). Continue this sequence of draw and

recovery until one hour has elapsed, at which

time the electrical power and/or the fuel

supplied to the water heater shall be

disconnected and/or terminated.

If a draw is occurring at an elapsed time

of one hour, continue this draw until the

outlet temperature decreases to T*

max,n ¥

25°F (T*

max,n ¥ 13.9°C), at which time the

draw shall be immediately terminated. The

subscript n shall be used to denote quantities

associated with the final draw. If a draw is

not occurring at an elapsed time of one hour,

a final draw shall be imposed at one hour.

This draw shall be immediately terminated

when the outlet temperature first indicates a

value less than or equal to the cut-off

temperature used for the previous draw

(T*

min,n–1). For cases where the outlet

temperature is close to T*

min,n–1, the final

draw shall proceed for a minimum of 30

seconds. If an outlet temperature greater than

T*

min,n–1 is not measured within 30 seconds,

the draw shall be immediately terminated

and zero additional credit shall be given

towards first hour rating (i.e., M*

n = 0 or V*n

= 0). Once the final draw is terminated,

calculate and record the average outlet

temperature and the mass or volume

removed during the draw (T ̄ *

del,n and M*n or

V*

n).

5.1.5 24-Hour Simulated Use Test. During

the simulated use test, a total of 64.3 ±1

gallon (243±4 liters) shall be removed if the

rated storage tank volume is 20 gallons (76

liters) or greater. If the rated storage tank

volume is less than 20 gallons (76 liters) but

greater than or equal to 10 gallons (38 liters),

a total of 24±0.5 gallon (91±1.9 liters) shall

be removed; and if the rated storage tank

volume is less than 10 gallons (38 liters), a

total of 9±0.5 gallon (34±1.9 liters) shall be

removed. These values are referred to as the

daily hot water usage in the following text.

With the water heater turned off, fill the

water heater with supply water and apply

pressure as described in section 2.5. Turn on

the water heater and associated heat pump

unit, if present. After the cutout occurs,

measure the mean tank temperature using the

temperature sensors described in section 4.5

every minute until the maximum mean

storage tank temperature is achieved. If this

maximum mean temperature is outside the

range specified in section 2.4, adjust the

thermostat(s) as specified in section 5.1.2 and

reevaluate the mean tank temperature after

all thermostats are again satisfied. After

thermostat adjustments are completed, the

water heater may be operated for up to three

cycles of drawing until cut-in and then

operating until cut-out, prior to the start of

the test.

At this time, record the mean tank

temperature (T ̄ o), and the electrical and/or

fuel measurement readings, as appropriate.

Begin the 24-hour simulated use test by

withdrawing a volume from the water heater

that equals one-sixth of the daily hot water

usage. Record the time when this first draw

is initiated and assign it as the test elapsed

time (τ) of zero. Record the average storage

tank and ambient temperature every 15

minutes throughout the 24-hour simulated

use test unless a recovery or a draw is

occurring. At elapsed time intervals of one,

two, three, four, and five hours from τ = 0,

initiate additional draws removing an

amount of water equivalent to one-sixth of

the daily hot water usage with the maximum

allowable deviation for any single draw being

±0.5 gallons (±1.9 liters) for units having

rated storage capacities of 20 gallons (76

liters) or greater, and ±0.1 gallons (0.4 liters)

for units having rated storage capacities less

than 20 gallons (76 liters). The quantity of

water withdrawn during the sixth draw shall

be increased or decreased as necessary such

that the total volume of water withdrawn

equals: 64.3±1.0 gallons (243.4±3.8 liters) for

water heaters having rated storage capacities

of 20 gallons (76 liters) or more, 24±0.5

gallons (90.8±1.9 liters) for water heaters

having rated storage capacities less than 20

gallons (76 liters) but greater than or equal to

10 gallons (38 liters), and 9.0±0.5 gallons

(34.1±1.9 liters) for water heaters having

rated storage capacities less than 10 gallons

(38 liters).

All draws during the simulated use test

shall be made at flow rates of 3.0±0.25

gallons per minute (11.4±0.95 liters per

minute) when testing water heaters having

rated storage capacities of 20 gallons (76

liters) or more. For water heaters having rated

storage capacities less than 20 gallons (76

liters), flow rates of 1.0±0.25 gallons per

minute (3.8±0.95 liters per minutes) shall be

achieved. Measurements of the inlet and

outlet temperatures shall be made beginning

15 seconds after the draw is initiated and at

every subsequent 5 second interval

throughout the duration of each draw. The

arithmetic mean of the hot water discharge

temperature and the cold water inlet

temperature shall be determined for each

draw (T ̄ del,i and T ̄ in,i). Determine and record

the net mass or volume removed (Mi or Vi),

as appropriate, after each draw.

At the end of the recovery period following

the first draw, record the maximum mean

tank temperature observed after cut-out,

T ̄ max,1, and the energy consumed by a gas or

oil water heater, Qr. For heat pump water

heaters, the total electrical energy consumed

by the heat pump (including compressor, fan,

controls, pump, etc.) and, if applicable, by

the resistive element(s) during the first

recovery shall be recorded as Qr. In addition,

the total operating time of the compressor

during the first recovery shall be determined

and recorded as τcmp,1. Finally, for heat pump

water heaters that use resistive heating

during the first recovery, the electrical energy

consumed by the resistive element(s) shall be

separately metered and recorded, Qres,1.

At the end of the recovery period that

follows the sixth draw, determine and record

the total electrical energy and/or fossil-fuel

consumed since the beginning of the test, Qsu.

In preparation for determining the energy

consumed during stand-by, record the

reading given on the electrical energy (watthour) meter, the gas meter, and/or the scale

used to determine oil consumption, as

appropriate. Record the maximum value of

the mean tank temperature after cutout as T ̄ su.

Except as noted below, allow the water

heater to remain in the standby mode until

24-hours have elapsed from the start of the

test, i.e., since τ = 0. Prevent the water heater

from beginning a recovery cycle during the

last hour of the test by turning off the electric

power to the electrical heating elements and

heat pump, if present, or by turning down the

fuel supply to the main burner at an elapsed

time of 23 hours. If a recovery is taking place

at an elapsed time of 23 hours, wait until the

recovery is complete before reducing the

electrical and/or fuel supply to the water

heater. At 24 hours, record the mean tank

temperature, T ̄ 24, and the electric and/or fuel

instrument readings. Determine the total

fossil fuel or electrical energy consumption,

as appropriate, for the entire 24-hour

simulated use test, Q. Record the time

interval between the time at which the

maximum mean tank temperature is observed

after the sixth draw and the end of the 24-

hour test as τstby,1. Record the time during

which water was not being withdrawn from

the water heater during the entire 24-hour

period as τstby,2.

5.2 Instantaneous Water Heaters.

5.2.1 Setting the Outlet Discharge

Temperature. Initiate normal operation of the

water heater at the full input rating. Monitor

the discharge water temperature and set to a

value of 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C) in

accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions. If the water heater is not capable

of providing this discharge temperature when

the flow rate is 3.00±0.25 gallons per minute

(11.4±0.95 liters per minute), then adjust the

flow rate as necessary to achieve the

specified discharge water temperature.

Record the corresponding flow rate as Vmax.

If the instantaneous water heater

incorporates a controller that permits

continuous burner or electric heating element

operation at a reduced input rate, adjust the

flow rate as necessary to achieve a discharge

water temperature of 135°F±5°F

(57.2°C±2.8°C) while maintaining the

minimum input rate. Record the

corresponding flow rate as Vmin. If an outlet

temperature of 135°±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C)

cannot be achieved at the minimum flow rate
15346 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

permitted by the instantaneous water heater,

record the flow rate as Vmin and the

corresponding outlet temperature as Tmin.

25.2.2 Power Input Determination. Gasfired and oil-fired instantaneous water

heaters shall have the burners adjusted to the

maximum firing rate specified by the

manufacturer.

5.2.3 First Hour Rating Test for

Instantaneous Water Heaters. Establish

normal water heater operation at the

maximum input rate with the discharge

water temperature set in accordance with

section 5.2.1. During the test, do not interrupt

the electrical energy or fossil fuel supplied to

the water heater. During the one hour test,

either collect the withdrawn water for later

measuring the total mass removed, or

alternatively, use a water meter to directly

measure the water volume removed.

Begin with the water flow rate temporarily

discontinued. Record the scale or water

meter reading as appropriate. Initiate a draw

and record the corresponding time. Record

the inlet and outlet water temperatures

beginning 15 seconds after the draw is

initiated and at every subsequent 5 second

interval throughout the duration of the draw.

At the end of one hour terminate the draw.

Determine the mass of water withdrawn,

MFHR, in pounds (kilograms), or the volume

of water withdrawn, VFHR, in gallons (liters)

with an error no greater than 2 percent.

5.2.4 24-Hour Simulated Use Test

5.2.4.1 Fixed Input Instantaneous Water

Heaters. Establish normal operation with the

discharge water temperature and flow rate set

to values of 135°F±5°F (57.2°C±2.8°C) and

Vmax, respectively. With no draw occurring,

record the reading given by the gas meter, the

scale used for determining oil consumption,

and/or the electrical energy meter as

appropriate. Begin the 24-hour simulated use

test by drawing an amount of water out of the

water heater equivalent to one-sixth of the

daily hot water usage, 64.3 gallons (243

liters). Record the time when this first draw

is initiated and designated it as an elapsed

time, τ, of 0. At elapsed time intervals of one,

two, three, four, and five hours from τ = 0,

initiate additional draws removing an

amount of water equivalent to one-sixth of

64.3 gallons (243 liters), with the maximum

allowable deviation for any single draw being

±0.5 gallons (±2 liters). The quantity of water

drawn during the sixth draw shall be

increased or decreased as necessary such that

the total volume of water withdrawn equals

64.3±1.0 gallons (243±4 liters).

Measurements of the inlet and outlet water

temperatures shall be made beginning 15

seconds after the draw is initiated and at

every 5 second interval throughout the

duration of the draw. The arithmetic mean of

the hot water discharge temperature and the

cold water inlet temperature shall be

determined for each draw. Record the scale

used to measure the mass of the withdrawn

water or the water meter reading, as

appropriate, after each draw. At the end of

the recovery period following the first draw,

determine and record the fossil fuel or

electrical energy consumed, Qr. Following

the sixth draw and subsequent recovery,

allow the water heater to remain in the

standby mode until exactly 24 hours have

elapsed since the start of the test, i.e., since

τ = 0. At 24 hours, record the reading given

by the gas meter, the scale used for

determining oil consumption, and/or the

electrical energy meter as appropriate.

Determine the fossil fuel or electrical energy

consumed during the entire 24-hour

simulated use test and designate the quantity

as Q.

5.2.4.2 Variable Input Instantaneous

Water Heaters. If the instantaneous water

heater incorporates a controller that permits

continuous operation at a reduced input rate,

the first three draws shall be conducted using

the maximum flow rate, Vmax, while

removing an amount of water equivalent to

one-sixth of 64.3 gallons (243 liters), with the

maximum allowable deviation for any one of

the three draws being ±0.5 gallons (2 liters).

The second three draws shall be conducted

at Vmin. If an outlet temperature of 135°F±5°F

(57.2°C±2.8°C) could not be achieved at the

minimum flow rate permitted by the

instantaneous water heater, the last three

draws should be lengthened such that the

volume removed is:

V gal F

T F

4 5 6

64.3

6

77

58 , ,

min

= × °

( ) − °

















or

V

L C

T C 4 5 6

243

6

42 8

14.4 , ,

min

. = × °

( ) − °

















where the maximum allowable variation for

any one of the three draws is ± 0.5 gallons

(2 liters). The quantity of water withdrawn

during the sixth draw shall be increased or

decreased as necessary such that the total

volume of water withdrawn equals

(32.15+3×V4,5,6)±1.0 gallons

((121.7+3×V4,5,6)±3.8 liters).

Measurements of the inlet and outlet water

temperatures shall be made beginning 15

seconds after a draw is initiated and at every

5 second interval throughout the duration of

the draw. Determine the arithmetic mean of

the hot water discharge temperature and the

cold water inlet temperature for each draw.

Record the scale used to measure the mass

of the withdrawn water or the water meter

reading, as appropriate, after each draw. At

the end of the recovery period following the

first draw, determine and record the fossil

fuel or electrical energy consumed, Qr,max.

Likewise, record the reading of the meter or

scale used to measure fossil fuel or electrical

energy consumption prior to the fourth draw

and at the end of the recovery period

following the fourth draw, and designate the

difference as Qr,min. Following the sixth draw

and subsequent recovery, allow the water

heater to remain in the standby mode until

exactly 24 hours have elapsed since the start

of the test, i.e., since τ = 0. At 24 hours,

record the reading given by the gas meter, the

scale used for determining oil consumption,

and/or the electrical energy meter, as

appropriate. Determine the fossil fuel or

electrical energy consumed during the entire

24-hour simulated use test and designate the

quantity as Q.

6. Computations

6.1 Storage Tank and Heat Pump Water

Heaters.

6.1.1 Storage Tank Capacity. The storage

tank capacity is computed using the

following:

V

W W

st

f t = ( ) −

ρ

Where:

Vst=the storage capacity of the water heater,

gal (L).

Wf=the weight of the storage tank when

completely filled with water, lbm (kg).

Wt=the (tare) weight of the storage tank when

completely empty, lbm (kg)

ρ=the density of water use to fill the tank;

evaluated based on the temperature of

the water, lbm/gal (kg/L).

6.1.2 First Hour Rating Computation. For

water heaters where the final draw was

initiated at or prior to an elapsed time of one

hour, the first hour rating shall be computed

using,

F V hr i

i

n

=

=

∑ *

1

Where:

n=the number of draws that are completed

during the first hour rating test.

V*i=the volume of water removed during the

ith draw of the first hour rating test, gal

(L).

V

M

i

* i

*

= ρ

Where:

M*i=the mass of water removed during the

ith draw of the first hour rating test, lbm

(kg).

ρ=the water density corresponding to the

average outlet temperature measured

during the ith draw (T ̄ *del,i), lbm/gal (kg/

L).

For water heaters where a draw was not in

progress at the elapsed time of one hour and

a final draw was imposed at the elapsed time

of one hour, the first hour rating shall be

calculated using,

F V V

T T

T T

hr i

i

n

n

del n n

del n n

= + −

−















 =

− −

− −

∑ * * ,

*

min,

*

,

*

min,

* 1

1

1

1 1

where n and V*i are the same quantities as

defined above and,

T ̄ *del,n¥1=the average water outlet

temperature measured during the

(n¥1)th draw of the first hour rating test,

°F (°C).

T ̄ *del,n=the average water outlet temperature

measured during the nth (final) draw of

the first hour rating test, °F (°C).

T ̄ *min,n¥1=the minimum water outlet

temperature measured during the

(n¥1)th draw of the first hour rating test,

°F (°C).
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15347

6.1.3 Recovery Efficiency. The recovery

efficiency for gas, oil, and heat pump storage

type water heaters is computed as:

η

ρ

ρ

ρ

r

del in

r

st o

r

M C T T

Q

V C T T

Q

= ( ) − +

( ) −

1 1 1 1

2 2 1

, ,

max,

Where:

M1=total mass removed during the first draw

of the 24-hour simulated use test, lbm

(kg).

=V1 × ρi

V1=total volume removed during the first

draw of the 24-hour simulated use test,

gal (L).

ρ1=density of the water as evaluated at the

water temperature at the point where the

flow volume is measured, lbm/gal (kg/L).

Cρ1=specific heat of the withdrawn water as

evaluated at (T ̄ del,1 + T ̄ in,1)/2 Btu/lbm·°F

(kJ/kg·K).

T ̄ del,1=average water outlet temperature

measured during the first draw of the 24-

hour simulated use test,°F (°C).

T ̄ in,1=average water inlet temperature

measured during the first draw of the 24-

hour simulated use test,°F (°C).

Vst=measured volume of the storage tank, as

determined in section 6.1.1, gal (L).

ρ2=density of stored hot water evaluated at

(T ̄ max, 1+T ̄ o)/2, lbm/gal (kg/L).

Cρ2=specific heat of stored hot water

evaluated at (T ̄ max,1+T ̄ o)/2, Btu/lbm·°F (kJ/

kg·K).

T ̄ max,1=maximum mean tank temperature

recorded after cut-out following the first

draw of the 24-hour simulated use test,

°F (°C).

T ̄ o=maximum mean tank temperature

recorded prior to the first draw of the 24-

hour simulated use test, °F (°C).

Qres,1=electrical energy used by the

supplemental resistive elements of a heat

pump water heater during the first

recovery of the 24-hour simulated use

test, Wh.

τcmp,1=the total operating time of the

compressor of a heat pump water heater

during the first recovery of the 24-hour

simulated use test, hr.

Qr=the total energy used by the water heater

between cut-out prior to the first draw

and cutout following the first draw,

including auxiliary energy such as pilot

lights, pumps, fans, etc., Btu (MJ).

(electrical auxiliary energy shall be

converted to thermal energy using the

following conversion: 1 Kwh=3412 Btu).

The recovery efficiency for electric water

heaters with immersed heating elements is

assumed to be 98 percent.

6.1.4 Hourly Standby Losses. The hourly

standby losses are computed as

Where:

Q

Q

V C T T

hr

stby

st su

r

stby

=

− ρ ( ) −

η

τ

ρ 24

,1

Qhr=the hourly standby energy losses of the

water heater, Btu/hr (kJ/hr).

Qstby=the total energy consumed by the water

heater between the time at which the

maximum mean tank temperature is

observed after the sixth draw and the

end of the 24-hour test period, Btu (kJ).

Vst=measured volume of the storage tank, as

determined in section 6.1.1, gal (L).

ρ=density of stored hot water as evaluated at,

(T ̄ 24+T ̄ su)/2, lbm/gal (kg/L).

Cρ=specific heat of the stored water as

evaluated at (T ̄ 24+T ̄ su)/2, Btu/lbm·°F (kJ/

kg·°C).

T ̄ 24=the mean tank temperature at the end of

the 24-hour simulated use test, °F (°C).

T ̄ su=maximum mean tank temperature

observed after the sixth draw, °F (°C).

τstby,1=elapsed time between the time at

which the maximum mean tank

temperature is observed after the sixth

draw and the end of the 24-hour

simulated use test, hr.

The standby heat loss coefficient for the

tank is computed as:

UA Q

T T

hr

t stby a stby

=

, , −

Where:

Qhr=defined in section 6.1.4.

T ̄ t,stby=overall average storage tank

temperature between the time when the

maximum mean tank temperature is

observed after the sixth draw and the

end of the 24-hour simulated use test, °F

(°C).

T ̄ a,stby=overall average ambient temperature

between the time when the maximum

mean tank temperature is observed after

the sixth draw and the end of the 24-

hour simulated use test, °F (°C).

UA=standby heat loss coefficient of the

storage tank, Btu/hr·°F (kJ/hr·°C).

6.1.5 Daily Water Heating Energy

Consumption. The daily water heating energy

consumption, Qd is computed as:

Q Q

V C T T

d

st o

r

= − ρ ( ) −

η

ρ 24

Where:

Q=total energy used by the water heater

during the 24-hour simulated use test

including auxiliary energy such as pilot

lights, pumps, fans, etc., Btu (kJ)

(Electrical auxiliary energy shall be

converted to thermal energy using the

following conversion: 1 kWh = 3412

Btu).

Vst=measured volume of the storage tank, as

determined in section 6.1.1, gal (L).

ρ=density of the stored hot water as

evaluated at (T ̄ 24+T ̄ o)/2, lbm/gal (kg/L).

Cρ=specific heat of the stored water as

evaluated at (T ̄ 24+T ̄ o)/2, Btu/lbm·°F (kJ/

kg·°C).

T ̄ 24=mean tank temperature at the end of the

24-hour simulated use test, °F (°C).

T ̄ o=mean tank temperature at the beginning

of the 24-hour simulated use test,

recorded one minute before the first

draw is initiated, °F (°C).

ηr=recovery efficiency of the hot water

heater, dimensionless.

6.1.6 Adjusted Daily Water Heating

Energy Consumption. The adjusted daily

water heating energy consumption, Qda takes

into account that the temperature difference

between the storage tank and surrounding

ambient temperature may not be the nominal

value of 67.5°F (135°F–67.5°F) or 37.5°C

(57.2°C–19.7°C) due to the 10°F (5.6°C)

allowable variation in storage tank

temperature, 135±5°F (57.2±2.8°C), and the

5°F (2.8°C) allowable variation in

surrounding ambient temperature 65°F

(18.3°C) to 70°F (21.1°C). The adjusted daily

water heating energy consumption is

computed as:

Q Q T T

F UA

or Q Q T T

C C UA

da d stby a stby

stby

da d stby a stby

stby

= − − −

° − °

= − − −

° − °

[( )

( . )]

[( )

( . . )]

,

,

,

,

135 67 5

57 2 19 7

2

2

 F 

 

τ

τ

Where:

Qda=the adjusted daily water heating energy

consumption, in Btu (kJ).

T ̄ stby=the mean tank temperature during the

total standby portion, Τstby,2, of the 24-

hour test, in °F (°C).

T ̄ a,stby=the average ambient temperature

during the total standby portion, Τstby,2,

of the 24-hour test, in °F (°C).

UA=the standby heat loss coefficient for the

storage tank, in Btu/hr·°F (kJ/hr·°C).

τstby,2=the number of hours during the 24-

hour simulated test when water was not

being withdrawn from the water heater.

A modification is also needed to take into

account that the temperature difference

between the outlet water temperature and

supply water temperature may not be

equivalent to the nominal value of 77°F

(135°F¥58°F) or 42.8°C (57.2°C¥14.4°C).

The following equations adjust the

experimental data to a nominal 77°F (42.8°C)

temperature rise.

The energy used to heat water, Btu/day (kJ/

day) may be computed as:

Q

M C T T

HW

i i del in

i r

= ( ) −

=

∑ ρ

η

, , i i

1

6

Where:

Mi=the mass withdrawn for the ith draw (i=1

to 6), in lbm (kg).

Cρi=the specific heat of water, in Btu/lbm°F

(kJ/kg·°C).
15348 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

T ̄ del,i=the average water outlet temperature

measured during the ith draw (i=1 to 6),

°F(°C).

T ̄ in,i=the average water inlet temperature

measured during the ith draw (i=1 to 6),

°F(°C).

ηr=as defined in section 6.1.3.

The energy required to heat the same

quantity of water over a 77°F (42.8°C)

temperature rise, Btu/day (kJ/day), is:

Q

M C F F

or Q

M C C C

HW F

i

i i

r

HW C

i

i i

r

,

, .

.

 

77

1

6

42 8

1

6

135 58

57 2 14.4

°

=

°

=

=

( ) ° − °

=

( ) ° − °

∑

∑

ρ

ρ

η

η

The difference between these two values is:

Q Q Q

or

Q Q Q

HWD HW F HW

HWD HW C HW

= −

= −

°

°

,

, .

77

42 8

which must be added to the adjusted daily

water heating energy consumption value.

Thus, the daily energy consumption value

which takes into account that the

temperature difference between the storage

tank and ambient temperature may not be

67.5°F (37.5°C) and the temperature rise

across the storage tank may not be 77°F

(42.8°C) is:

Q Q Q dm da HWD = +

6.1.7 Energy Factor. The energy factor, Ef,

is computed as:

E

M C F F

Q

f

i

i i

dm

= ( ) ° − °

=

∑

1

6 135 58 ρ

or

E

M C C C

Q

f

i

i i

dm

= ( ) ° − °

=

∑

1

6 57 2 14.4 ρ .

Where:

Qdm=the modified daily water heating energy

consumption as computed in accordance

with section 6.1.6, in Btu (kJ).

Mi=as defined in section 6.1.6.

Cρi=as defined in section 6.1.6.

6.1.8 Annual Energy Consumption. The

annual energy consumption for storage type

and heat pump water heaters is computed as:

E Q annual dm = × 365

Where:

Qdm=the modified daily energy consumption

value, Btu/day (kJ/day), and 365 is the

number of days in a year.

6.2 Instantaneous Hot Water Heaters.

6.2.1 First Hour Rating Computation.

Compute the first hour rating as:

F

M T T

F F

or F

M T T

C C

hr

FHR del in

hr

FHR del in

= ( ) −

( ) ° − °

= ( ) −

( ) ° − °

ρ

ρ

135 58

57 2 14.4 .

which may be expressed as:

F

M T T

F

or F

M T T

C

hr

FHR del in

hr

FHR del in

= ( ) −

( ) °

= ( ) −

°

ρ

ρ

77

( . ) 42 8

Where:

MFHR=the mass removed during the one hour

continuous draw, in lbm (kg).

T ̄ del=the average delivery temperature, in °F

(°C).

T ̄ in=the average inlet temperature, in °F (°C).

ρ=the density of water at the average delivery

temperature, in lbm/gal (kg/L).

If a water meter is used in lieu of a scale

the first hour rating is computed as:

F

V T T

F

or F

V T T

C

hr

del in

hr

del in

= ( ) −

°

= ( ) −

°

77

42 8.

Where:

V=the volume of water removed during the

one hour continuous draw, in gallons

(liters).

T ̄ del=defined in section 6.2.1.

T ̄ in=defined in section 6.2.1.

6.2.2 Recovery Efficiency

6.2.2.1 Fixed Input Instantaneous Water

Heaters. The recovery efficiency is computed

as:

η ρ

r

del in

r

M C T T

Q = ( ) − 1 1 ,1 ,1

Where:

M1=the mass withdrawn during the first

draw of the 24-hour simulated use test, lbm

(kg).

Cρ1=the specific heat of water at the

average temperature (T ̄ del,1+T ̄ in,1)/2, Btu/

lbm·°F (kJ/kg·°C).

T ̄ del,1=the average temperature for the first

draw, °F (°C).

T ̄ in,1=the average inlet temperature for the

first draw, °F (°C).

Qr=the total energy used by the water

heater between cutout prior to the first draw

and cut-out following the first draw,

including auxiliary energy such as pilot

lights, pumps, fans, etc., Btu (kJ).

6.2.2.2. Variable Input Instantaneous

Water Heaters. For instantaneous water

heaters which have a variable firing rate, two

recovery efficiency values are computed, one

at the maximum input rate and one at the

minimum input rate. The recovery efficiency

used in subsequent computations is taken as

the average of these two values. The

maximum recovery efficiency is computed

as:

η ρ

r

del in

r

M C T T

Q ,max

, ,

,max

= ( ) − 1 1 1 1

Where:

M1=defined in section 6.2.2.1.

Cρ1=defined in section 6.2.2.1.

T ̄ del,1=defined in section 6.2.2.1.

T ̄ in,1=defined in section 6.2.2.1.

Qr,max=the total energy used by the water

heater between cut-out prior to the first

draw and cut-out following the first

draw, including auxiliary energy such as

pilot lights, Btu (kJ).

The minimum recovery efficiency is

computed as:

η ρ

r

del in

r

M C T T

Q ,min

, ,

,min

= ( ) − 4 4 4 4

Where:

M4=the mass withdrawn during the fourth

draw, in lbm (kg).

Cρ4=the specific heat of water, in Btu/lbm·°F

(kJ/kg·°C).

T ̄ del,4=the average delivery temperature for

the fourth draw, in °F (°C).

T ̄ in,4=the average inlet temperature for the

fourth draw, in °F (°C).

Qr,min=the total energy consumed

immediately prior to the fourth draw and

cut-out following the fourth draw,

including auxiliary energy such as pilot

lights, in Btu (kJ).

The recovery efficiency is computed as:

η

η η

r

r r = + ,max ,min

2

Where:

ηr,max=defined in section 6.2.2.2.

ηr,min=defined in section 6.2.2.2.

6.2.3 Daily Water Heating Energy

Consumption. The daily water heating energy

consumption, Qd is computed as:

Qd=Q

Where:

Q=the energy used by the flow actuated

water heater during the 24-hour

simulated use test.

A modification is needed to take into

account that the temperature difference

between the outlet water temperature and

supply water temperature may not be

equivalent to the nominal value of 77°F

(135°F¥58°F) or 42.8°C (57.2°C¥14.4°C).

The following equations adjust the

experimental data to a nominal 77°F (42.8°C)

temperature rise.

The energy used to heat water may be

computed as:

Q

M C T T

HW

i i del i in i

i r

= ( ) −

=

∑ ρ

η

, ,

1

6

Where:
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15349

Mi=the mass withdrawn during the ith draw,

in lbm (kg).

Cρi=the specific heat of water of the ith draw,

in Btu/lbm°F(kJ/kg·°C).

T ̄ del,i=the average delivery temperature of the

ith draw, in °F(°C).

T ̄ in,i=the average inlet temperature of the ith

draw, in °F(°C).

ηr=defined in section 6.2.2.2.

The energy required to heat the same

quantity of water over a 77°F (42.8°C)

temperature rise is:

Q

M C F F

or Q

M C C C

HW F

i i

i r

HW C

i i

i r

,

, .

( . )

77

1

6

42 8

1

6

135 58

57 2 14.4

°

=

°

=

=

( ) ° − °

=

° − °

∑

∑

ρ

ρ

η

η

Where:

Mi=defined above.

Cρi=defined above.

ηr=defined in above.

The difference between these two values is:

Q Q Q

or Q Q Q

HWD HW F HW

HWD HW C HW

= −

= −

°

°

,

, .

77

42 8

which must be added to the daily water

heating energy consumption value. Thus, the

daily energy consumption value which takes

into account that the temperature rise across

the storage tank may not be 77°F (42.8°C) is:

Q Q Q dm d HWD = +

6.2.4 Energy Factor. The energy factor, Ef,

is computed as:

E

M C F F

Q

or E

M C C C

Q

f

i i

i dm

f

i i

i dm

= ° − °

= ° − °

=

=

∑

∑

ρ

ρ

( )

( . )

135 58

57 2 14.4

1

6

1

6

Where:

Qdm=the daily water heating energy

consumption as computed in accordance

with Section 6.2.3, in Btu (kJ).

Mi=the mass associated with the ith draw, in

lbm (kg).

Cρi=the specific heat of water computed at a

temperature of (58°F+135°F)/2, Btu/

lbm·°F [(14.4°C+57.2°C)/2, kJ/kg·°C].

T ̄ del,i=the average delivery temperature of the

ith draw, in °F(°C).

T ̄ in,i=the average inlet temperature of the ith

draw, in °F(°C).

6.2.5 Annual Energy Consumption. The

annual energy consumption for

instantaneous type water heaters is computed

as:

E Q annual dm = × 365

Where:

Qdm=the modified daily energy consumption,

in Btu/day (kJ/day) and 365 is the

number of days within a year.

7. Ratings for Untested Models

In order to relieve the test burden to

manufacturers who offer water heaters which

differ only in fuel type or power input,

ratings for untested models may be

established in accordance with the following

procedures. In lieu of the following

procedures a manufacturer may elect to test

the unit for which a rating is sought.

7.1 Gas Water Heaters. Ratings obtained

for gas water heaters using natural gas can be

used for an identical water heater which

utilizes propane gas if the input ratings are

within 10 percent.

7.2 Electric Water Heaters

7.2.1 First Hour Rating. If an electric

storage type water heater is available with

more than one input rating, the manufacturer

shall designate the standard input rating and

the water heater need only be tested with

heating elements at the designated standard

input ratings. The first hour ratings for units

having power input rating less than the

designated standard input rating shall be

assigned a first hour rating equivalent to the

first draw of the first hour rating for the

electric water heater with the standard input

rating. For units having power inputs greater

than the designated standard input rating, the

first hour rating shall be equivalent to that

measured for the water heater with the

standard input rating.

7.2.2 Energy Factor. The energy factor for

identical electric storage type water heaters,

with the exception of heating element

wattage, may use the energy factor obtained

during testing of the water heater with the

designated standard input rating.

5. Appendix I to subpart B of part 430 is

revised to read as follows:

Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430—

Uniform Test Method for Measuring the

Energy Consumption of Conventional

Ranges, Conventional Cooking Tops,

Conventional Ovens, and Microwave

Ovens

1. Definitions

1.1 Built-in means the product is

supported by surrounding cabinetry, walls,

or other similar structures.

1.2 Drop-in means the product is

supported by horizontal surface cabinetry.

1.3 Forced convection means a mode of

conventional oven operation in which a fan

is used to circulate the heated air within the

oven compartment during cooking.

1.4 Freestanding means the product is not

supported by surrounding cabinetry, walls,

or other similar structures.

1.5 IEC 705 refers to the test standard

published by the International

Electrotechnical Commission, entitled

‘‘Method for Measuring the Performance of

Microwaves Ovens for Household and

Similar Purposes,’’ Publication 705,

Amendment 2–1993.

1.6 Normal nonoperating temperature

means the temperature of all areas of an

appliance to be tested that is within 5 degrees

(2.8°C) of the temperature that the identical

areas of the same basic model of the

appliance would attain if it remained in the

test room for 24 hours while not operating

with all oven doors closed and with any gas

pilot lights on and adjusted in accordance

with manufacturer’s instructions.

1.7 Primary energy consumption means

either the electrical energy consumption of a

conventional electric oven or the gas energy

consumption of a conventional gas oven.

1.8 Secondary energy consumption

means any electrical energy consumption,

other than clock energy consumption, of a

conventional gas oven.

1.9 Standard cubic foot (L) of gas means

that quantity of gas that occupies 1 cubic foot

(L) when saturated with water vapor at a

temperature of 60°F (15.6°C) and a pressure

of 30 inches of mercury (101.6 kPa) (density

of mercury equals 13.595 grams per cubic

centimeter).

1.10 Thermocouple means a device

consisting of two dissimilar metals which are

joined together and, with their associated

wires, are used to measure temperature by

means of electromotive force.

2. Test Conditions

2.1 Installation. A free standing appliance

shall be installed with the back directly

against, or as near as possible to, a vertical

wall which extends at least 1 foot above and

on either side of the appliance. There shall

be no side walls. A drop-in, built-in or wallmounted appliance shall be installed in an

enclosure in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions. These

appliances are to be completely assembled

with all handles, knobs, guards and the like

mounted in place. Any electric resistance

heaters, gas burners, baking racks, and baffles

shall be in place in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions; however, broiler

pans are to be removed from the oven’s

baking compartment.

Disconnect any electrical clock which uses

energy continuously, except for the

microwave oven. Do not disconnect or

modify the circuit to any other electrical

devices or features, except as indicated in

section 2.1.3.

2.1.1 Conventional electric ranges, ovens,

and cooking tops. These products shall be

connected to an electrical supply circuit with

voltage as specified in section 2.2.1 with a

watt-hour meter installed in the circuit. The

watt-hour meter shall be as described in

section 2.9.1.1.

2.1.2 Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and

cooking tops. These products shall be

connected to a gas supply line with a gas

meter installed between the supply line and

the appliance being tested, according to

manufacturer’s specifications. The gas meter

shall be as described in section 2.9.2.

Conventional gas ranges, ovens and cooking

tops with electrical ignition devices or other

electrical components shall be connected to

an electrical supply circuit of nameplate

voltage with a watt-hour meter installed in

the circuit. The watt-hour meter shall be as

described in section 2.9.1.1.

2.1.3 Microwave ovens. Install the

microwave oven in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions and connect to
15350 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

an electrical supply circuit with voltage as

specified in section 2.2.1. A watt meter and

watt-hour meter shall be installed in the

circuit and shall be as described in section

2.9.1.1. and 2.9.1.2. If trial runs are needed

to set the ‘‘on’’ time for the test, the test

measurements are to be separated according

to section 4, Paragraph 12.6 of IEC 705.

2.2 Energy supply.

2.2.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the

electrical supply to the conventional range,

conventional cooking top, and conventional

oven being tested at 240/120 volts except that

basic models rated only at 208/120 volts shall

be tested at that rating. Maintain the voltage

within 2 percent of the above specified

voltages, except for the microwave oven

testing. Maintain the electrical supply to a

microwave oven at 120 volts ± 1 volt and at

60 hertz.

2.2.2 Gas supply.

2.2.2.1 Gas burner adjustments.

Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and cooking

tops shall be tested with all of the gas burners

adjusted in accordance with the installation

or operation instructions provided by the

manufacturer. In every case, the burner must

be adjusted with sufficient air flow to prevent

a yellow flame or a flame with yellow tips.

2.2.2.2 Natural gas. For testing

convertible cooking appliances or appliances

which are designed to operate using only

natural gas, maintain the natural gas pressure

immediately ahead of all controls of the unit

under test at 7 to 10 inches of water column

(1743.6 to 2490.8 Pa). The regulator outlet

pressure shall equal the manufacturer’s

recommendation. The natural gas supplied

should have a heating value of approximately

1,025 Btu’s per standard cubic foot (38.2 kJ/

L). The actual gross heating value, Hn, in

Btu’s per standard cubic foot (kJ/L), for the

natural gas to be used in the test shall be

obtained either from measurements made by

the manufacturer conducting the test using

equipment that meet the requirements

described in section 2.9.4 or by the use of

bottled natural gas whose gross heating value

is certified to be at least as accurate a value

that meet the requirements in section 2.9.4.

2.2.2.3 Propane. For testing convertible

cooking appliances with propane or for

testing appliances which are designed to

operate using only LP-gas, maintain the

propane pressure immediately ahead of all

controls of the unit under test at 11 to 13

inches of water column (2740 to 3238 Pa).

The regulator outlet pressure shall equal the

manufacturer’s recommendation. The

propane supplied should have a heating

value of approximately 2,500 Btu’s per

standard cubic foot (93.15 kJ/L). The actual

gross heating value, Hp, in Btu’s per standard

cubic foot (kJ/L), for the propane to be used

in the test shall be obtained either from

measurements made by the manufacturer

conducting the test using equipment that

meet the requirements described in section

2.9.4 or by the use of bottled propane whose

gross heating value is certified to be at least

as accurate a value that meet the

requirements described in section 2.9.4.

2.2.2.4 Test gas. A basic model of a

convertible cooking appliance shall be tested

with natural gas, but may also be tested with

propane. Any basic model of a conventional

range, conventional cooking top, or

conventional oven which is designed to

operate using only natural gas as the energy

source must be tested with natural gas. Any

basic model of a conventional range,

conventional cooking top, or conventional

oven which is designed to operate using only

LP gas as the gas energy source must be

tested with propane gas.

2.3 Air circulation. Maintain air

circulation in the room sufficient to secure a

reasonably uniform temperature distribution,

but do not cause a direct draft on the unit

under test.

2.4 Setting the conventional oven

thermostat.

2.4.1 Conventional electric oven. Install a

thermocouple approximately in the center of

the usable baking space. Provide a

temperature indicator system for measuring

the oven’s temperature with an accuracy as

indicated in section 2.9.3.2. If the oven

thermostat does not cycle on and off, adjust

or determine the conventional electric oven

thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8°±2.8°C) higher than the room ambient

air temperature. If the oven thermostat

operates by cycling on and off, adjust or

determine the conventional electric oven

thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8°±2.8°C) higher than the room ambient

air temperature. This shall be done by

measuring the maximum and minimum

temperatures in any three consecutive cutoff/cut-on actions of the electric resistance

heaters, excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on

action, by the thermostat after the

temperature rise of 325°±5°F (162.8°±2.8°C)

has been attained by the conventional

electric oven. Remove the thermocouple after

the thermostat has been set.

2.4.2 Conventional gas oven. Install five

parallel-connected weighted thermocouples,

one located at the center of the conventional

gas oven’s usable baking space and the other

four equally spaced between the center and

the corners of the conventional gas oven on

the diagonals of a horizontal plane through

the center of the conventional gas oven. Each

weighted thermocouple shall be constructed

of a copper disc that is 1-inch (25.4 mm) in

diameter and 1⁄8-inch (3.2 mm) thick. The

two thermocouple wires shall be located in

two holes in the disc spaced 1⁄2-inch (12.7

mm) apart, with each hole being located 1⁄4-

inch (6.4 mm) from the center of the disc.

Both thermocouple wires shall be silversoldered to the copper disc. Provide a

temperature indicator system for measuring

the oven’s temperature with an accuracy as

indicated in section 2.9.3.2. If the oven

thermostat does not cycle on or off, adjust or

determine the conventional gas oven

thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8°±2.8°C) higher than the room ambient

air temperature. If the oven thermostat

operates by cycling on and off, adjust or

determine the conventional gas oven

thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8±2.8°C) higher than the room ambient

air temperature. This shall be done by

measuring the maximum and minimum

temperatures in any three consecutive cutoff/cut-on actions of the gas burners,

excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on action, by

the thermostat after the temperature rise of

325°±5°F (162.8°±2.8°C) has been attained by

the conventional gas oven. Remove the

thermocouple after the thermostat has been

set.

2.5 Ambient room air temperature.

During the test, maintain an ambient room air

temperature, TR, of 77°±9°F (25°±5°C) for

conventional ovens and cooking tops, or as

indicated in section 4, Paragraph 12.4 of IEC

705 for microwave ovens as measured at least

5 feet (1.5 m) and not more than 8 feet (2.4

m) from the nearest surface of the unit under

test and approximately 3 feet (.9 m) above the

floor. The temperature shall be measured

with a thermometer or temperature

indicating system with an accuracy as

indicated in section 2.9.3.1.

2.6 Normal nonoperating temperature.

All areas of the appliance to be tested shall

attain the normal nonoperating temperature,

as defined in section 1.6, before any testing

begins. The equipment for measuring the

applicable normal nonoperating temperature

shall be as described in sections 2.9.3.1,

2.9.3.2, 2.9.3.4, and 2.9.3.5, as applicable.

2.7 Test blocks for conventional oven and

cooking top. The test blocks shall be made of

aluminum alloy No. 6061, with a specific

heat of 0.23 Btu/lb-°F (0.96 kJ/[kg°C]) and

with any temper that will give a coefficient

of thermal conductivity of 2.6 to 2.8 BTU-in/

in-ft 2-°F (154.8 to 171.5 W/[m°C]). Each

block shall have a hole at its top. The hole

shall be 0.08 inch (2.03 mm) in diameter and

0.80 inch (20.3 mm) deep. The manufacturer

conducting the test may provide other means

which will ensure that the thermocouple

junction is installed at this same position and

depth.

The bottom of each block shall be flat to

within 0.002 inch (0.051 mm) TIR (total

indicator reading). Determine the actual

weight of each test block with a scale with

an accuracy as indicated in section 2.9.5.

2.7.1 Conventional oven test block. The

test block for the conventional oven, W1,

shall be 6.25±0.05 inch (158.8±1.3 mm) in

diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)

high and shall weigh 8.5±0.1 lbs (3.86±0.05

kg). The block shall be finished with an

anodic black coating which has a minimum

thickness of 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) or with

a finish having the equivalent absorptivity.

2.7.2 Small test block for conventional

cooking top. The small test block, W2, shall

be 6.25±0.05 inches (158.8±1.3 mm) in

diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)

high and shall weigh 8.5±0.1lbs (3.86±0.05

kg).

2.7.3 Large test block for conventional

cooking top. The large test block for the

conventional cooking top, W3, shall be

9±0.05 inches (228.6±1.3 mm) in diameter,

approximately 3.0 inches (76 mm) high and

shall weigh 19±0.1 lbs (8.62±0.05 kg).

2.7.4 Thermocouple installation. Install

the thermocouple such that the thermocouple

junction (where the thermocouple contacts

the test block) is at the bottom of the hole

provided in the test block and that the

thermocouple junction makes good thermal

contact with the aluminum block. If the test
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15351

blocks are to be water cooled between tests

the thermocouple hole should be sealed, or

other steps taken, to insure that the

thermocouple hole is completely dry at the

start of the next test. Provide a temperature

indicator system for measuring the test block

temperature with an accuracy as indicated in

section 2.9.3.3.

2.7.5 Initial test block temperature.

Maintain the initial temperature of the test

blocks, TI, within ±4°F (±2.2°C) of the

ambient room air temperature as specified in

section 2.5. If the test block has been cooled

(or heated) to bring it to room temperature,

allow the block to stabilize for at least 2

minutes after removal from the cooling (or

heating) source, before measuring its initial

temperature.

2.8 Microwave oven test load.

2.8.1 Test container. The test container

shall be as specified in section 4, Paragraph

12.2 of IEC 705.

2.8.2 Test water load. The test water load

shall be as specified in section 4, Paragraph

12.1 of IEC 705.

2.8.2.1 Test water load and test container

temperature. Before the start of the test, the

oven and the test container shall be at

ambient temperature as specified in section

4, Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705. The test water

load shall be contained in a chiller (not the

test container) and maintained at 18°±1.8°F

(10°±1°C) below the ambient room

temperature.

2.9 Instrumentation. Perform all test

measurements using the following

instruments, as appropriate:

2.9.1 Electrical Measurements.

2.9.1.1 Watt-hour meter. The watt-hour

meter for measuring the electrical energy

consumption of conventional ovens and

cooking tops shall have a resolution of at

least 1 watt-hour (3.6 kJ) and a maximum

error no greater than 1.5 percent of the

measured value. The watt-hour meter for

measuring the energy consumption of

microwave ovens shall have a resolution of

at least 0.1 watt-hour (.36 kJ) and a maximum

error no greater than 1.5 percent of the

measured value.

2.9.1.2 Wattmeter. The wattmeter used to

measure the conventional oven, conventional

range, microwave/conventional range clock

power or the power input of the microwave

shall have a resolution of at least 0.2 watt (0.2

J/s) and a maximum error no greater than 5

percent of the measured value.

2.9.2 Gas Measurements.

2.9.2.1 Positive displacement meters. The

gas meter to be used for measuring the gas

consumed by the gas burners of the oven or

cooking top shall have a resolution of at least

0.01 cubic foot (0.28 L) and a maximum error

no greater than 1 percent of the measured

value. If a positive displacement gas meter is

used for measuring the gas consumed by the

pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at

least 0.01 cubic foot (0.28 L) and have a

maximum error no greater than 2 percent of

the measured value.

2.9.2.2 Flow meter. If a gas flow meter is

used for measuring the gas consumed by the

pilot lights, it shall be calibrated to have a

maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent

of the measured value and a resolution of at

least 1 percent of the measured value.

2.9.3 Temperature measurement

equipment.

2.9.3.1 Room temperature indicating

system. The room temperature indicating

system shall be as specified in section 4,

Paragraph 12.3 of IEC 705.

2.9.3.2 Temperature indicator system for

measuring conventional oven temperature.

The equipment for measuring the

conventional oven temperature shall have an

error no greater than ±4°F (±2.2°C) over the

range of 65° to 500°F (18°C to 260°C).

2.9.3.3 Temperature indicator system for

measuring test block temperature. The

system shall have an error no greater than

±2°F (±1.1°C) when measuring specific

temperatures over the range of 65° to 330°F

(18.3°C to 165.6°C). It shall also have an error

no greater than ±2°F (±1.1°C) when

measuring any temperature difference up to

240°F (115.6°C) within the above range.

2.9.3.4 Test load temperatures. The

thermometer or other temperature measuring

instrument used to measure the test water

load temperature shall be as specified in

section 4, Paragraph 12.3 of IEC 705. Use

only one thermometer or other temperature

measuring device throughout the entire test

procedure.

2.9.3.5 Temperature indicator system for

measuring surface temperatures. The

temperatures of an external surface of an

appliance shall be measured by means of a

thermocouple in firm contact with the

surface. The temperature indicating system

shall have an error no greater than ±.45°F

(±0.25°C) over the range 65° to 90°F (18°C to

32°C).

2.9.4 Heating Value. The heating value of

the natural gas or propane shall be measured

with an instrument and associated readout

device that has a maximum error no greater

than .5% of the measured value and a

resolution of .2% or less of the full scale

reading of the indicator instrument. The

heating value of natural gas or propane must

be corrected for local temperature and

pressure conditions.

2.9.5 Scale. The scale used for weighing

the test blocks shall have a maximum error

no greater than 1 ounce (28.4 g). The scale

used for weighing the microwave oven test

water load shall be as specified in section

four, paragraph 12.3 of IEC 705.

3. Test Methods and Measurements

3.1 Test methods.

3.1.1 Conventional oven. Perform a test

by establishing the testing conditions set

forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of

this appendix, and adjust any pilot lights of

a conventional gas oven in accordance with

the manufacturer’s instructions and turn off

the gas flow to the conventional cooking top,

if so equipped.

Before beginning the test, the conventional

oven shall be at its normal nonoperating

temperature as defined in section 1.6 and

described in section 2.6. Set the conventional

oven test block W1 approximately in the

center of the usable baking space. If there is

a selector switch for selecting the mode of

operation of the oven, set it for normal

baking. If an oven permits baking by either

forced convection by using a fan, or without

forced convection, the oven is to be tested in

each of those two modes. If the oven

thermostat does not cycle on and off, adjust

or determine the conventional electric oven

thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8°±2.8°C) air temperature. If the oven

thermostat operates by cycling on and off,

adjust or determine the conventional electric

oven thermostat setting to provide an average

internal temperature which is 325°±5°F

(162.8°±2.8°C) higher than the room ambient

air temperature. The oven shall remain on for

at least one complete thermostat ‘‘cut-off/cuton’’ of the electrical resistance heaters or gas

burners after the test block temperature has

increased 234°F (112.2°C) above its initial

temperature.

3.1.1.1 Self-cleaning operation of a

conventional oven. Establish the test

conditions set forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST

CONDITIONS,’’ of this Appendix. Adjust any

pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in

accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions and turn off the gas flow to the

conventional cooking top. The temperature of

the conventional oven shall be its normal

nonoperating temperature as defined in

section 1.6 and described in section 2.6.

Then set the conventional oven’s selfcleaning process in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions. If the selfcleaning process is adjustable, use the

average time recommended by the

manufacturer for a moderately soiled oven.

3.1.1.2 Continuously burning pilot lights

of a conventional gas oven. Establish the test

conditions set forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST

CONDITIONS,’’ of this appendix. Adjust any

pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in

accordance with the manufacturer’s

instructions and turn off the gas flow to the

conventional cooking top. If a positive

displacement gas meter is used the, test

duration shall be sufficient to measure a gas

consumption which is at least 200 times the

resolution of the gas meter.

3.1.2 Conventional cooking top. Establish

the test conditions set forth in section 2,

‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of this appendix.

Adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas

cooking top in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions and turn off the

gas flow to the conventional oven(s), if so

equipped. The temperature of the

conventional cooking top shall be its normal

nonoperating temperature as defined in

section 1.6 and described in section 2.6. Set

the test block in the center of the surface unit

under test. The small test block, W2, shall be

used on electric surface units of 7 inches (178

mm) or less in diameter. The large test block,

W3, shall be used on electric surface units

over 7 inches (177.8 mm) in diameter and on

all gas surface units. Turn on the surface unit

under test and set its energy input rate to the

maximum setting (100 percent). When the

test block reaches 144°F (62.2°C) above its

initial test block temperature, immediately

reduce the energy input rate to 25±5 percent

of the maximum energy input rate. After

15±0.1 minutes at the reduced energy setting,

turn off the surface unit under test.

3.1.2.1 Continuously burning pilot lights

of a conventional gas cooking top. Establish

the test conditions set forth in section 2,

‘‘TEST CONDITIONS,’’ of this appendix.
15352 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

Adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas

cooking top in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions and turn off the

gas flow to the conventional oven(s). If a

positive displacement gas meter is used, the

test duration shall be sufficient to measure a

gas consumption which is at least 200 times

the resolution of the gas meter.

3.1.3 Microwave oven.

3.1.3.1 Microwave oven test energy or

power output. Establish the testing

conditions set forth in section 2, ‘‘TEST

CONDITIONS,’’ of this appendix. Follow the

test procedure as specified in section 4,

Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705.

3.2 Test measurements.

3.2.1 Conventional oven test energy

consumption. If the oven thermostat controls

the oven temperature without cycling on and

off, measure the energy consumed, EO, when

the temperature of the block reaches TO (TO

is 234°F (112.2°C) above the initial block

temperature, TI). If the oven thermostat

operates by cycling on and off, make the

following series of measurements: Measure

the block temperature, TA, and the energy

consumed, EA, at the end of the last ‘‘ON’’

period of the conventional oven before the

block reaches TO. Measure the block

temperature, TB, and the energy consumed,

EB, at the beginning of the next ‘‘ON’’ period.

Measure the block temperature, TC, and the

energy consumed, EC, at the end of that ‘‘ON’’

period. Measure the block temperature, TD,

and the energy consumed, ED, at the

beginning of the following ‘‘ON’’ period.

Energy measurements for EO, EA, EB, EC and

ED should be expressed in watt-hours for

conventional electric ovens or standard cubic

feet (L) of gas for conventional gas ovens. For

a gas oven, measure in watt-hours any

electrical energy, EIO, consumed by an

ignition device or other electrical

components required for the operation of a

conventional gas oven while heating the test

block to TO.

3.2.1.1 Conventional oven average test

energy consumption. If the conventional

oven permits baking by either forced

convection or without forced convection and

the oven thermostat does not cycle on and

off, measure the energy consumed with the

forced convection mode, (EO)1, and without

the forced convection mode, (EO)2, when the

temperature of the block reaches TO (TO is

234°F (112.2°C) above the initial block

temperature, TI). If the conventional oven

permits baking by either forced convection or

without forced convection and the oven

thermostat operates by cycling on and off,

make the following series of measurements

with and without the forced convection

mode: Measure the block temperature, TA,

and the energy consumed, EA, at the end of

the last ‘‘ON’’ period of the conventional

oven before the block reaches TO. Measure

the block temperature, TB, and the energy

consumed, EB, at the beginning of the next

‘‘ON’’ period. Measure the block temperature,

TC, and the energy consumed, EC, at the end

of that ‘‘ON’’ period. Measure the block

temperature, TD, and the energy consumed,

ED, at the beginning of the following ‘‘ON’’

period. Energy measurements for EO, EA, EB,

EC and ED should be expressed in watt-hours

for conventional electric ovens or standard

cubic feet (L) of gas for conventional gas

ovens. For a gas oven that can be operated

with or without forced convection, measure

in watt-hours any electrical energy consumed

by an ignition device or other electrical

components required for the operation of a

conventional gas oven while heating the test

block to TO using the forced convection

mode, (EIO)1, and without using the forced

convection mode, (EIO)2.

3.2.1.2 Energy consumption of selfcleaning operation. Measure the energy

consumption, ES, in watt-hours of electricity

or in standard cubic feet (L) of gas consumed

during the self-cleaning test set forth in

section 3.1.1.1. For a gas oven, also measure

in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy, EIS,

consumed by ignition devices or other

electrical components required during the

self-cleaning test.

3.2.1.3 Gas consumption of continuously

burning pilot lights. Measure the gas

consumption of the pilot lights, PO, in

standard cubic feet (L) of gas and the test

duration, LO, in hours for the test set forth

in Section 3.1.1.2. If a gas flow rate meter is

used, measure the flow rate, PR, in standard

cubic feet per hour (L/s).

3.2.1.4 Clock power. If the conventional

oven, conventional range, or microwave/

conventional range includes an electric clock

which is on continuously, and the power

rating in watts (J/s) of this feature is not

known, measure the clock power, PCL, in

watts (J/s.)

3.2.2 Conventional surface unit test

energy consumption. For the surface unit

under test, measure the energy consumption,

ECT, in standard cubic feet (L) of gas or watthours of electricity, and the test block

temperature, TCT, at the end of the 15 minute

(reduced input setting) test interval for the

test specified in section 3.1.2 and the total

time, TT, in hours, that the unit is under test.

Measure any electrical energy, EIC, consumed

by an ignition device of a gas heating element

in watt-hours.

3.2.2.1 Gas consumption of continuously

burning pilot lights. If the conventional gas

cooking top under test has one or more

continuously burning pilot lights, measure

the gas consumed during the test by the pilot

lights, PC, in standard cubic feet (L) of gas,

and the test duration, LC, in hours as

specified in section 3.1.2.1. If a gas flow rate

meter is used, measure the flow rate, P, in

standard cubic feet per hour (L/s).

3.2.3 Microwave oven test energy

consumption and power input.

Measurements are to be made as specified in

section 4, Paragraphs 12.4 and 13 of IEC 705.

Measure the electrical input energy, EM, in

watt-hours consumed by the microwave oven

during the test. Repeat all tests three times.

3.3 Recorded values.

3.3.1 Record the test room temperature,

TR, at the start and end of each test, as

determined in section 2.5.

3.3.2 Record measured test block weights

W1, W2, and W3 in pounds (kg).

3.3.3 Record the initial temperature, TI, of

the test block under test.

3.3.4 For a conventional oven with a

thermostat which operates by cycling on and

off, record the conventional oven test

measurements TA, EA, TB, EB, TC, EC, TD, and

ED. If the thermostat controls the oven

temperature without cycling on and off,

record EO. For a gas oven which also uses

electrical energy for the ignition or operation

of the oven, also record EIO.

3.3.5 For a conventional oven that can be

operated with or without forced convection

and the oven thermostat controls the oven

temperature without cycling on and off,

measure the energy consumed with the

forced convection mode, (EO)1, and without

the forced convection mode, (EO)2. If the

conventional oven operates with or without

forced convection and the thermostat

controls the oven temperature by cycling on

and off, record the conventional oven test

measurements TA, EA, TB, EB, TC, EC, TD, and

ED. For a gas oven that can be operated with

or without forced convection, measure any

electrical energy consumed by an ignition

device or other electrical components used

during the forced convection mode, (EIO)1,

and without using the forced convection

mode, (EIO)2.

3.3.6 Record the measured energy

consumption, ES, and for a gas oven, any

electrical energy, EIS, for the test of the selfcleaning operation of a conventional oven.

3.3.7 Record the gas flow rate, PR; or the

gas consumption, PO, and the elapsed time,

LO, that any continuously burning pilot lights

of a conventional oven are under test.

3.3.8 Record the clock power

measurement or rating, PCL, in watts.

3.3.9 For the surface unit under test,

record the energy consumption, ECT, the final

test block temperature, TCT, the total test

time, TT. For a gas cooking top which uses

electrical energy for ignition of the burners,

also record EIC.

3.3.10 Record the gas flow rate, P; or the

gas consumption, PC, and the elapsed time,

LC, that any continuously burning pilot lights

of a conventional gas cooking top are under

test.

3.3.11 Record the heating value, Hn, as

determined in section 2.2.2.2 for the natural

gas supply.

3.3.12 Record the heating value, Hp, as

determined in section 2.2.2.3 for the propane

supply.

3.3.13 Record the electrical input energy

and power input EM and PM for the

microwave oven test; the initial and final

temperature, T1 and T2, of the test water load;

the mass of the test container before filling

with the test water load and the mass of the

test water load, MC and MW respectively; and

the measured room temperature, TO; as

determined in section 3.2.3.

4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test

Measurements

4.1 Conventional oven.

4.1.1 Test energy consumption. For a

conventional oven with a thermostat which

operates by cycling on and off, calculate the

test energy consumption, EO, corresponding

to TO with the aid of the figure in section 5

of this appendix, expressed in watt-hours (kJ)

for electric ovens and in Btu’s (kJ) for gas

ovens, and defined as:
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15353

E E

T T

T T

E E

E H

T T

T T

E E H

AB

AB

CD AB

CD AB

AB

AB

CD AB

CD AB

0

0

0

0

= +

−

−











 × − ( ) 















= × ( ) +

−

−











 × − ( ) ×

















 for electric ovens,

and, E

for gas ovens

Where:

H=either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the

gas used in the test as specified in

section 2.2.2.2 and section 2.2.2.3,

expressed in Btu’s per standard cubic

foot (kJ/L).

TO=234°F (112.2°C) plus the initial test block

temperature.

and,

T

T T

T

T T

E

E E

E

E E

AB

A B

CD

C D

AB

A B

CD

C D

= ( ) +

= ( ) +

= ( ) +

= ( ) +

2

2

2

2

Where:

TA=block temperature in °F (°C) at the end

of the last ‘‘ON’’ period of the

conventional oven before the test block

reaches TO.

TB=block temperature in °F (°C) at the

beginning of the ‘‘ON’’ period following

the measurement of TA.

TC=block temperature in °F (°C) at the end of

the ‘‘ON’’ period which starts with TB.

TD=block temperature in °F (°C) at the

beginning of the ‘‘ON’’ period which

follows the measurement of TC.

EA=volume of gas consumed in standard

cubic feet (L) at the end of the last ‘‘ON’’

period before the test block reaches TO.

EB=volume of gas consumed in standard

cubic feet (L) of gas at the beginning of

the ‘‘ON’’ period following the

measurement TA.

EC=volume of gas consumed in standard

cubic feet (L) of gas at the end of the

‘‘ON’’ period which starts with TB.

ED=volume of gas consumed in standard

cubic feet (L) of gas at the beginning of

the ‘‘ON’’ period which follows the

measurement of TC.

4.1.1.1 Average test energy consumption.

If the conventional oven can be operated

with or without forced convection, determine

the average test energy consumption, EO and

EIO, in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and

Btu’s (kJ) for gas ovens using the following

equations:

E

E E

E

E E

0

0 1 0 2

10

10 1 10 2

2

2

= ( ) + ( )

= ( ) + ( )

Where:

(EO)1=test energy consumption using the

forced convection mode in watt-hours

(kJ) for electric ovens and in Btu’s (kJ) for

gas ovens as measured in section 3.2.1.1.

(EO)2=test energy consumption without using

the forced convection mode in watthours (kJ) for electric ovens and in Btu’s

(kJ) for gas ovens as measured in section

3.2.1.1.

(EIO)1=electrical energy consumption in watthours (kJ) of a gas oven in forced

convection mode as measured in section

3.2.1.1.

(EIO)2=electrical energy consumption in watthours (kJ) of a gas oven without using the

forced convection mode as measured in

section 3.2.1.1.

4.1.2 Conventional oven annual energy

consumption.

4.1.2.1 Annual cooking energy

consumption.

4.1.2.1.1 Annual primary energy

consumption. Calculate the annual primary

energy consumption for cooking, ECO,

expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) for electric

ovens and in Btu’s (kJ) for gas ovens, and

defined as:

E

E H O

W C T C

e

0

0 0

1

= × ×

× × ρ

 for electric ovens,

Where:

EO=test energy consumption as measured in

section 3.2.1 or as calculated in section

4.1.1 or section 4.1.1.1.

He=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh,) conversion

factor of watt-hours to Btu’s.

OO=35.5 kWh per year, annual useful

cooking energy output of conventional

electric oven.

W1=measured weight of test block in pounds

(kg).

Cp=0.23 Btu/lb-°F (0.96 kJ/kg·°C), specific

heat of test block.

T=234°F (112.2°C), temperature rise of test

block.

or,

E

E O

W C T C0

0 0

1

= ×

× × ρ

 for gas ovens,

Where:

EO=test energy consumption as measured in

section 3.2.1. or as calculated in section

4.1.1 or section 4.1.1.1.

OO=124,200 Btu (131,038 kJ) per year, annual

useful cooking energy output of

conventional gas oven.

W1, Cp and T are the same as defined above.

4.1.2.1.2 Annual secondary energy

consumption for cooking of gas ovens.

Calculate the annual secondary energy

consumption for cooking, ESO, expressed in

kilowatt-hours and defined as:

E E H O

W C T S

I e

0

0 0

1

= × ×

× × ρ

,

Where:

EIO=electrical test energy consumption as

measured in section 3.2.1 or as

calculated in section 4.1.1.1.

OO=35.5 kWh per year, annual useful

cooking energy output.

He, W1, Cp, and T are as defined in section

4.1.2.1.1.

4.1.2.2 Annual energy consumption of

any continuously burning pilot lights.

Calculate the annual energy consumption of

any continuously burning pilot lights, EPO,

expressed in Btu’s (kJ) and defined as:

E P H A B P R 0 = × × − ( ),

or,

E

P

L

P0 H A B 0

0

= × × − ( )

Where:

PR=pilot gas flow rate in standard cubic feet

per hour (L/s), as measured in section

3.2.1.2.

PO=standard cubic feet (L) of gas consumed

by any continuously burning pilot lights,

as measured in section 3.2.1.2.

LO=elapsed test time in hours for any

continuously burning pilot lights tested,

as measured in section 3.2.1.2.

H=Hn or Hp,the heating value of the gas used

in the test as specified in section 2.2.2.2

and section 2.2.2.3 in Btu’s per standard

cubic foot (kJ/L).

A=8,760, number of hours in a year.

B=300, number of hours any continuously

burning pilot lights contribute to the

heating of an oven for cooking food.

4.1.2.3 Annual conventional oven selfcleaning energy.

4.1.2.3.1 Annual primary energy

consumption. Calculate the annual primary

energy consumption for conventional oven

self-cleaning operations, ESC, expressed in

kilowatt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and in

Btu’s (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:

E E S C SC S e = × × , for electric ovens,

Where:

ES=energy consumption in watt-hours, as

measured in section 3.2.1.2.

Se=11, average number of times a selfcleaning operation of a conventional

electric oven is used per year.

C=.001 kW/W conversion factor for watts to

kilowatts.

or,

E E H S SC S g = × × , for gas ovens,

Where:

ES=gas consumption in standard cubic feet

(L), as measured in section 3.2.1.2.
15354 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

H=Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas used

in the test as specified in section 2.2.2.2

and section 2.2.2.3 in Btu’s per standard

cubic foot (kJ/L).

Sg=7, average number of times a self-cleaning

operation of a conventional gas oven is

used per year.

4.1.2.3.2 Annual secondary energy

consumption for self-cleaning operation of

gas ovens. Calculate the annual secondary

energy consumption for self-cleaning

operations of a gas oven, ESS, expressed in

kilowatt-hours and defined as:

E E S C SS IS g = × × ,

Where:

EIS = electrical energy consumed during the

self-cleaning operation of a conventional

gas oven, as measured in section 3.2.1.2.

Sg = 7, average number of times a selfcleaning operation of a conventional gas

oven is used per year.

C = .001 kW/W conversion factor for watts

to kilowatts.

4.1.2.4 Annual clock energy

consumption. Calculate the annual energy

consumption of any constantly operating

electric clock, ECL, expressed in kilowatthours and defined as:

E P H C CL CL K = × × ,

Where:

PCL = power rating of clock which is on

continuously, in watts, as measured in

section 3.2.1.3.

HK = 8,760, number of hours in a year.

C = .001 kW/W conversion factor for watts

to kilowatts.

4.1.2.5 Total annual energy consumption

of a single conventional oven.

4.1.2.5.1 Conventional electric oven

energy consumption. Calculate the total

annual energy consumption of a

conventional electric oven, EAO, expressed in

kilowatt-hours and defined as:

E E E E AO CO SC CL = + + ,

Where:

ECO = annual primary cooking energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.1.1.

ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.3.1.

ECL = annual clock energy consumption as

determined in section 4.1.2.4.

4.1.2.5.2 Conventional gas oven energy

consumption. Calculate the total annual gas

energy consumption of a conventional gas

oven, EAOG, expressed in Btu’s (kJ) and

defined as:

E E E E AOG CO PO SC = + + ,

Where:

ECO = annual primary cooking energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.1.1.

EPO = annual pilot light energy consumption

as determined in section 4.1.2.2.

ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.3.1.

If the conventional gas oven uses electrical

energy, calculate the total annual electrical

energy consumption, EAOE, expressed in

kilowatt-hours and defined as:

E E E E AOE SO SS CL = + + ,

Where:

ESO = annual secondary cooking energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.1.2.

ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy

consumption as determined in section

4.1.2.3.2.

ECL = annual clock energy consumption as

determined in section 4.1.2.4.

4.1.2.6 Total annual energy consumption

of multiple conventional ovens. If the

cooking appliance includes more than one

conventional oven calculate the total annual

energy consumption of the conventional

ovens using the following equations:

4.1.2.6.1 Conventional electric oven

energy consumption. Calculate the total

annual energy consumption, ETO, in kilowatthours and define as:

E E E E TO ACO ASC CL = + + ,

Where:

E

n

ACO CO i E

i

n

=

=

∑

1

1

( ) ,

average annual primary energy consumption

for cooking,

Where:

n = number of conventional ovens in the

basic model.

ECO = annual primary energy consumption

for cooking as determined in section

4.1.2.1.1.

E n ASC SC E i

i

n

= ( ) =

∑

1

1

,

average annual self-cleaning energy

consumption,

Where:

n = number of self-cleaning conventional

ovens in the basic model.

ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy

consumption as determined according to

section 4.1.2.3.1.

ECL = clock energy consumption as

determined according to section 4.1.2.4.

4.1.2.6.2 Conventional gas oven energy

consumption. Calculate the total annual gas

energy consumption, ETOG, in Btu’s (kJ) and

define as:

E E E E TOG ACO ASC TPO = + + ,

Where:

EACO = average annual primary energy

consumption for cooking in Btu’s (kJ) as

defined in section 4.1.2.6.1.

EASC = average annual self-cleaning energy

consumption in Btu’s (kJ) as defined in

section 4.1.2.6.1.

E E TPO PO i

i

n

= ( ) =

∑ ,

1

total annual energy consumption of any pilot

lights,

Where:

EPO = annual energy consumption of any

continuously burning pilot lights

determined according to section 4.1.2.2.

n = number of pilot lights in the basic model.

If the oven also uses electrical energy,

calculate the total annual electrical energy

consumption, ETOE, in kilowatt-hours and

define as:

E E E E TOE ASO AAS CL = + + ,

Where:

E

n

ASO SO E

i

i

n

= ( ) =

∑

1

1

,

average annual secondary energy

consumption for cooking,

Where:

n = number of conventional ovens in the

basic model.

ESO = annual secondary energy consumption

for cooking of gas ovens as determined

in section 4.1.2.1.2.

E

n

AAS SS E i

i

n

= ( ) =

∑

1

1

,

average annual secondary self-cleaning

energy consumption,

Where:

n = number of self-cleaning ovens in the

basic model.

ESS = annual secondary self-cleaning energy

consumption of gas ovens as determined

in section 4.1.2.3.2.

ECL = annual clock energy consumption as

determined in section 4.1.2.4.

4.1.3 Conventional oven cooking

efficiency.

4.1.3.1 Single conventional oven.

Calculate the conventional oven cooking

efficiency, EffAO, using the following

equations:

For electric ovens:

Eff

W C T

E H

AO

p

O e

= × ×

×

1 ,

and,

For gas ovens:

EffAO = × ×

+ × ( )

W C T

E E H

p

O e

1

10

,

Where:

W1 = measured weight of test block in

pounds (kg).

Cp = 0.23 Btu/lb-°F (0.96 kJ/kg·°C), specific

heat of test block.

T = 234°F (112.2°C), temperature rise of test

block.
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15355

EO = test energy consumption as measured in

section 3.2.1 or calculated in section

4.1.1 or section 4.1.1.1.

He = 3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion

factor for watt-hours to Btu’s.

EIO = electrical test energy consumption

according to section 3.2.1 or as

calculated in section 4.1.1.1.

4.1.3.2 Multiple conventional ovens. If

the cooking appliance includes more than

one conventional oven, calculate the cooking

efficiency for all of the conventional ovens in

the appliance, EffTO, using the following

equation:

Eff

Eff

T0

A0

= 



 



 =

∑

n

i

n

i

1

1

,

Where:

n = number of conventional ovens in the

cooking appliance.

EffAO = cooking efficiency of each oven

determined according to section 4.1.3.1.

4.1.4 Conventional oven energy factor.

Calculate the energy factor, or the ratio of

useful cooking energy output to the total

energy input, RO, using the following

equations:

For electric ovens,

R

O

E O

O

AO

= ,

Where:

OO = 35.5 kWh per year, annual useful

cooking energy output.

EAO = total annual energy consumption for

electric ovens as determined in section

4.1.2.5.1.

For gas ovens:

R

O

E E H

O

O

AOG AOE e

= + × ( ) ,

Where:

OO = 124,200 Btu (131,038 kJ) per year,

annual useful cooking energy output.

EAOG = total annual gas energy consumption

for conventional gas ovens as determined

in section 4.1.2.5.2.

EAOE = total annual electrical energy

consumption for conventional gas ovens

as determined in section 4.1.2.5.2.

He = 3,412 Btu/kWh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion

factor for kilowatt-hours to Btu’s.

4.2 Conventional cooking top.

4.2.1 Conventional cooking top cooking

efficiency.

4.2.1.1 Electric surface unit cooking

efficiency. Calculate the cooking efficiency,

EffSU, of the electric surface unit under test,

defined as:

EffSU = × ×

×











W C  T

H E p

SU

e CT

,

Where:

W = measured weight of test block, W2 or W3,

expressed in pounds (kg).

Cp = 0.23 Btu/lb-°F (0.96 kJ/kg-°C), specific

heat of test block.

TSU = temperature rise of the test block: Final

test block temperature, TCT, as

determined in section 3.2.2, minus the

initial test block temperature, TI,

expressed in °F (°C).

He = 3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh,) conversion

factor of watt-hours to Btu’s.

ECT = measured energy consumption, as

determined according to section 3.2.2,

expressed in watt-hours.

4.2.1.2 Gas surface unit cooking

efficiency. Calculate the cooking efficiency,

EffSU, of the gas surface unit under test,

defined as:

EffSU = W C T × ×

E

3 p SU ,

Where:

W3 = measured weight of test block as

measured in section 3.3.2, expressed in

pounds (kg).

Cp and TSU are the same as defined in section

4.2.1.1.

and,

E E E H E H = − [ ] ( ) CT CP IC e × + × ( ),

Where:

ECT = total gas consumption for the gas

surface unit test as measured in section

3.2.2.

EIC = electrical energy consumed by an

ignition device of a gas surface unit as

measured in section 3.2.2.

He = 3.412 Btu/Wh, conversion factor of watthours to Btu’s.

H = either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the

gas used in the test as specified in

section 2.2.2.2 and section 2.2.2.3,

expressed in Btu’s per standard cubic

foot (kJ/L) of gas.

ECP = P x TT, (pilot consumption, in standard

cubic feet (L), during unit test), where:

P

P

L

c

c

= , (pilot flow in standard

cubic feet per hour)

Where:

PC = any pilot lights gas consumption

defined in section 3.2.2.1.

LC = elapsed time of the cooking top pilot

lights test as defined in section 3.1.2.1.

TT = the elapsed test time as defined in

section 3.2.2.

4.2.1.3 Conventional cooking top cooking

efficiency. Calculate the conventional

cooking top cooking efficiency, EffCT, using

the following equation:

Eff Eff CT SU = ( ) =

∑

1

1 n i

i

n

,

Where:

n = number of surface units in the cooking

top.

EffSU = the efficiency of each of the surface

units, as determined according to section

4.2.1.1 or section 4.2.1.2.

4.2.2 Conventional cooking top annual

energy consumption.

4.2.2.1 Conventional electric cooking top

energy consumption. Calculate the annual

energy consumption of an electric cooking

top, ECA, in kilowatt-hours per year, defined

as:

E

O

Eff CA

CT

CT

= ,

Where:

OCT = 209.4 kWh per year, annual useful

cooking energy output.

EffCT = conventional cooking top cooking

efficiency as defined in section 4.2.1.3.

4.2.2.2 Conventional gas cooking top.

4.2.2.2.1 Annual cooking energy

consumption. Calculate the annual energy

consumption for cooking, ECC, in Btu’s (kJ)

per year for a gas cooking top, defined as:

E

O

Eff CC

CT

CT

= ,

Where:

OCT = 732,500 Btu (772,828 kJ) per year,

annual useful cooking energy output.

EffCT = the gas cooking top efficiency as

defined in section 4.2.1.3.

4.2.2.2.2 Annual energy consumption of

any continuously burning gas pilots.

Calculate the annual energy consumption of

any continuously burning gas pilot lights of

the cooking top, EPC, in Btu’s (kJ) per year,

defined as:

E P PC = × × A H,

Where:

P = pilot light gas flow rate as defined in

section 4.2.1.2, or as measured in section

3.2.2.1.

A = 8,760 hours, the total number of hours

in a year.

H = either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the

gas used in the test as specified in

section 2.2.2.2. and section 2.2.2.3,

expressed in Btu’s per standard cubic

foot (kJ/L) of gas.

4.2.2.2.3 Total annual energy

consumption of a conventional gas cooking

top. Calculate the total annual energy

consumption of a conventional gas cooking

top, ECA, in Btu’s (kJ) per year, defined as:

E E E CA CC PC = + ,

Where:

ECC = energy consumption for cooking as

determined in section 4.2.2.2.1.

EPC = annual energy consumption of the pilot

lights as determined in section 4.2.2.2.2.

4.2.3 Conventional cooking top energy

factor. Calculate the energy factor or ratio of

useful cooking energy output for cooking to

the total energy input, RCT, as follows:

For an electric cooking top, the energy

factor is the same as the cooking efficiency

as determined according to section 4.2.1.3.

For gas cooking tops,

R

O

E

CT

CT

CA

= ,

Where:
15356 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

OCT = 732,500 Btu (772,828 kJ) per year,

annual useful cooking energy output of

cooking top.

ECA = total annual energy consumption of

cooking top determined according to

section 4.2.2.2.3.

4.3 Combined Components.

The annual energy consumption and

cooking efficiency of a kitchen range, e.g. a

cooktop and oven combined, shall be the

sum of the annual energy consumption and

cooking efficiency of each of its components.

The annual energy consumption and cooking

efficiency for other combinations of ovens,

cooktops and microwaves will also be treated

as the sum of the annual energy consumption

and cooking efficiency of each of its

components. The energy factor of a combined

component is the sum of the ratio of the

annual useful cooking energy output to the

total annual energy consumption of each

component.

4.4 Microwave oven.

4.4.1 Microwave oven test energy.

Calculate the microwave oven test energy

output, ET, in watt-hour’s (kJ). The

calculation is repeated three times as

required in section 3.2.3. The average of the

three ET’s is used for calculations in 4.4.3 and

4.4.5. For calculations specified in units of

energy (watt-hours), use the equation below:

E

M T T

H

T

W C

E

=

4 187 0 88M . . ( ) 2 2 − T T 1 0 + − ( )

Where:

MW = the measured mass of the test water

load, in grams.

MC = the measured mass of the test container

before filling with test water load, in

grams.

T1 = the initial test water load temperature,

in °C (°F).

T2 = the final test water load temperature, in

°C (°F).

TO = the measured ambient room

temperature, in °F (°C).

C = 0.88 kJ/kg-°C, (0.210 Btu/lb-°F) specific

heat of test container.

Cp = 4.187 kJ/kg-°C, (1.0 Btu/lb-°F) specific

heat of water.

He = 3.6 kJ/Wh (3.412 Btu/Wh,) conversion

factor for Btu’s to Watt-hours.

4.4.2 Microwave oven test power output.

Calculate the microwave oven test power

output, PT, in watts as specified in Section

four, paragraph 12.5 of IEC 705. The

calculation is repeated for each of the three

tests as required in section 3.2.3. The average

of the three PT’s is used for calculations in

section 4.4.4.

4.4.3 Microwave oven annual energy

consumption. Calculate the microwave oven

annual energy consumption, EMO, in kWh’s

per year, defined as:

E

E O

E

MO

M M

T

= ×

Where:

EM = the energy consumption as defined in

section 3.2.3.

OM = 77.3 kWh’s per year, the microwave

oven annual useful cooking energy

output.

ET = the test energy as calculated in section

4.4.1.

4.4.4 Microwave oven cooking efficiency.

Calculate the microwave oven cooking

efficiency, EffMO, as specified in section four,

paragraph 14 of IEC 705.

4.4.5 Microwave oven energy factor.

Calculate the energy factor or the ratio of the

useful cooking energy output to total energy

input on a yearly basis, RMO, defined as:

R

O

E

MO

M

MO

= ,

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15357

BILLING CODE 6450–01–C
15358 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

Where:

OM = 77.3 kWh, annual useful cooking

energy output.

EMO = annual total energy consumption as

determined in section 4.4.3.

6. Appendix J to subpart B of part 430 is

revised to read as follows:

Appendix J to Subpart B of Part 430—

Uniform Test Method for Measuring the

Energy Consumption of Automatic and

Semi-Automatic Clothes Washers

1. Definitions

1.1 Agitator means the device that

provides the shaking or stirring motion to the

clothes for washing. The device shall include

all fixtures and other essential assemblies

needed for clothes washing in the normal

cycle.

1.2 Bone-dry means a condition or a load

of test cloth which has been dried in a dryer

at maximum temperature for a minimum of

10 minutes, removed and weighed before

cool down, and then dried again for 10-

minute periods until the final weight change

of the load is 1 percent or less.

1.3 Clothes container means the

compartment within the clothes washer that

holds the clothes during operation of the

machine.

1.4 Compact refers to a clothes washer

which has a clothes container capacity of less

than 1.6 ft 3 (45 L).

1.5 Deep rinse cycle refers to a rinse cycle

in which the clothes container is filled with

water to a selected level and the clothes load

is rinsed by agitating it or tumbling it through

the water.

1.6 Front-loader means a clothes washer

which sequentially rotates or tumbles

portions of the clothes load above the water

level allowing the clothes load to fall freely

back into the water. The principal axis of the

clothes container is in a horizontal plane and

the access to the clothes container is through

the front of the machine.

1.7 Machine-controlled water fill

capability means a clothes washer which has

the capability of automatically controlling

the level of the water in the tub dependent

upon the size of the test load, without

operator intervention.

1.8 Make-up water means the amount of

fresh water needed to supplement the

amount of stored water pumped from the

external laundry tub back into the clothes

washer when the suds-return feature is

activated in order to achieve the required

water fill level in the clothes washer.

1.9 Modified energy factor means the

quotient of the cubic foot (liter) capacity of

the clothes container divided by the total

clothes washer energy consumption per

cycle, expressed as the sum of the machine

electrical energy consumption, the hot water

energy consumption, and the energy required

for removal of remaining moisture of the test

load for nonwater-heating clothes washers

and expressed as the sum of the machine

electrical energy consumption and the energy

required for removal of moisture of the test

load for water-heating clothes washers.

1.10 Moisture removal energy means the

nominal energy required for a clothes dryer

to remove moisture from clothes multiplied

by the difference between weighted test load

after the normal cycles and the weighted

reference (bone-dry) weight of the test load.

1.11 Nonwater-heating clothes washer

refers to a clothes washer that has both hot

and cold water supply pipe connections.

This type of clothes washer does not have an

internal hot water heater device to generate

the energy needed to heat inlet water.

1.12 Normal cycle means the cycle

recommended by the manufacturer for

washing cotton and/or linen clothes.

1.13 Sensor filled refers to a type of water

fill control which automatically terminates

the fill when the water reaches an

appropriate level in the tub.

1.14 Spray rinse cycle refers to a rinse

cycle in which water is sprayed onto the

clothes load for a definite period of time

without maintaining any specific water level

in the clothes container.

1. Standard refers to a clothes washer

which has a clothes container capacity of 1.6

ft3 (45 L) or greater.

1.16 Suds-return means a feature or

option on a clothes washer which causes the

stored wash water obtained by utilizing the

suds-saver feature to be pumped from the

external laundry tub back into the clothes

washer.

1.17 Suds-saver means a feature or option

on a clothes washer which allows the user to

store used wash water in an external laundry

tub for use with subsequent wash loads.

1.18 Temperature use factor means the

percentage of the total number of washes a

user would wash with a particular wash/

rinse temperature setting.

1.19 Thermostatically controlled valves

refer to clothes washer valves which sense

water temperature and adjust valve orifices

appropriately to maintain a desired mixed

water temperature.

1.20 Time filled refers to a type of water

fill control which uses a combination of

water flow controls in conjunction with time

to terminate the water fill cycle.

1.21 Top-loader-horizontal-axis clothes

washer means a clothes washer which

sequentially rotates or tumbles portions of

the clothes load above the water level

allowing the clothes load to fall freely back

into the water. The principal axis of the

clothes container is in a horizontal plane and

the access to the clothes container is through

the top of the clothes washer.

1.22 Top-loader-vertical-axis clothes

washer means a clothes washer that flexes

and oscillates the submerged clothes load

through the water by means of mechanical

agitation or other movement. The principal

axis of the clothes container is in a vertical

plane and the access to the clothes container

is through the top of the clothes washer.

1.23 Water consumption factor means the

quotient of the cubic foot (liter) capacity of

the clothes washer divided by the total

weighted per-cycle water consumption.

1.24 Water-heating clothes washer refers

to a clothes washer which does not have a

supply pipe connection for hot water. This

type of clothes washer does have an internal

electrical water heating device to generate the

energy needed to heat inlet water.

2. Testing Conditions

2.1 Installation. Install the clothes washer

in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions.

2.2 Electrical energy supply. Maintain the

electrical supply at the clothes washer

terminal block within 2 percent of 120/240

or 120/208Y as applicable to the particular

terminal block wiring system as specified by

the manufacturer. If the clothes washer has

a dual voltage conversion capability, conduct

the test at the highest voltage specified by the

manufacturer.

2.3 Water temperature. For nonwaterheating clothes washers not equipped with

thermostatically controlled inlet water

valves, the temperature of the hot and cold

water supply shall be maintained at 100°F

±10°F (37.8°C±5.5°C). For nonwater-heating

clothes washers equipped with thermostatic

controlled inlet valves, the temperature of the

hot water supply shall be maintained at

140°F±5°F (60.0°C±2.8°C) and the cold water

supply shall be maintained at 60°F±5°F

(15.6°C±2.8°C). For water-heating clothes

washers that have infinite or various

temperature selection feature, the

temperature of the water supply shall be

maintained at a minimum of 55°F (12.8°C)

and a maximum of 60°F (15.6°C). Water

meters shall be installed in both the hot and

cold water lines to measure water

consumption.

2.4 Water pressure. The static water

pressure at the hot and cold water inlet

connections of the machine shall be

maintained during the test at 35 pounds per

square inch gauge (psig)±2.5 psig (241.3

kPa±17.2 Kpa). The static water pressure for

a single water inlet connection shall be

maintained during the test at 35 psig±2.5 psig

(241.3 Kpa±17.2 kPa). Water pressure gauges

shall be installed in both the hot and cold

water lines to measure water pressure.

2.5 Instrumentation. Perform all test

measurements using the following

instruments, as appropriate:

2.5. Weighing scales.

2.5.1.1 Weighing scale for test cloth. The

scale shall have a range of 0 lbs (0 kg) to a

maximum of 30 lbs (13.6 kg) with a

resolution of at least 0.2 oz (5.7 g) and a

maximum error no greater than 0.3 percent

of any measured value within the range of 3

lbs (1.4 kg) to 15 lbs (6.8 kg).

2.5.1.2 Weighing scale for clothes

container capacity measurements. The scale

should have a range of 0 lbs (0 kg) to a

maximum of 500 lbs (226.8 kg) with a

resolution of 0.50 lbs (0.23 kg) and a

maximum error no greater than 0.5 percent

of the measured value.

2.5.2 Watt-hour meter. The watt-hour

meter shall have a resolution of at least 1 Wh

(3.6 kJ) and a maximum error no greater than

2 percent of the measured value for any

demand greater than 50 Wh (180.0 kJ).

2.5.3 Temperature sensing device. The

temperature sensing device shall have an

error no greater than ±1°F (±0.6°C) over the

range of 32°F (0°C) to 200°F (93.3°C).

2.5.4 Water meter. The water meter shall

have a resolution no larger than 0.1 gallons

(0.4 liters) and a maximum error no greater

than 2 percent for all water flow rates from

1 gal/min (3.8 L/min) to 5 gal/min (18.9 L/

min).
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15359

2.5.5 Water pressure gauge. The water

pressure gauge shall have a resolution of 1

psig (6.9 kPa) and shall have an error no

greater than 5 percent of any measured value

over the range of 32.5 psig (224.1 kPa) to 37.5

psig (258.6 kPa).

2.6 Test cloths.

2.6.1 Energy test cloth. The energy test

cloth shall be clean and consist of the

following:

2.6.1.2 Pure finished bleached cloth. Pure

finished bleached cloth, made with a momie

or granite weave, which is 50 percent cotton

and 50 percent polyester and weighs 5.75 oz/

yd2 (195.0 g/m2) and has 65 ends on the warp

and 57 picks on the fill.

2.6.1.3 Cloth material. Cloth material that

is 24 in by 36 in (61.0 cm by 91.4 cm) and

has been hemmed to 22 in by 34 in (55.9 cm

by 86.4 cm) before washing. The maximum

shrinkage after five washes shall not be more

than four percent on the length and width.

2.6.1.4 Number of tests. The number of

test runs on the same energy test cloth shall

not exceed 25 runs.

2.6.2 Energy stuffier cloths. The energy

stuffier cloths shall be made from energy test

cloth material and shall consist of pieces of

material that are 12 in by 12 in (30.5 cm by

30.5 cm) and have been hemmed to 10 in by

10 in (25.4 cm by 25.4 cm) before washing.

The maximum shrinkage after five washes

shall not be more than four percent on the

length and width. The number of test runs on

the same energy stuffier cloth shall not

exceed 25 runs.

2.7 Composition of test loads.

2.7.1 Seven pound test load. The seven

pound test load shall consist of bone-dry

energy test cloths which weigh 7±0.07 lbs

(3.18±0.03 kg). Adjustments to the test load

to achieve the proper weight can be made by

the use of energy stuffier cloths.

2.7.2 Three pound test load. The three

pound test load shall consist of bone-dry

energy test cloths which weigh 3±0.03 lbs

(1.36±0.014 kg). Adjustments to the test load

to achieve the proper weight can be made by

the use of energy stuffier cloths.

2.8 Use of test loads.

2.8.1 Top-loader-vertical-axis clothes

washers for calculating energy factor. The

top-loader clothes washer shall be tested

without a test load, except for clothes

washers equipped with machine controlled

water fill capability. Machine controlled

water fill capable clothes washers shall use

a test load per section 2.8.2.

2.8.2 Front-loader, top-loader-horizontalaxis, top-loader-vertical-axis with machinecontrolled water fill capable and top-loadervertical-axis for calculating modified energy

factor, clothes washers.

2.8.2.1 Standard size clothes washer.

When the maximum water fill level is being

tested, the test load shall be seven pounds as

described in section 2.7.1. When the

minimum water fill level is being tested, the

test load shall be three pounds as described

in section 2.7.2.

2.8.2.2 Compact size clothes washer.

When either the maximum or minimum

water fill levels are being tested, the test load

shall be as described in section 2.7.2.

2.8.3 Method of loading. Load the energy

test clothes by grasping them in the center,

shaking them to hang loosely and then

dropping them into the clothes container

prior to activating the clothes washer.

2.9 Preconditioning. If the clothes washer

has not previously been tested nor filled with

water in the preceding 96 hours,

precondition it by running it through a cold

rinse cycle and then draining it to insure that

the hose, pump, and sump are filled with

water.

2.10 Wash time setting. The actual wash

time (period of agitation) shall be not less

than 9.75 minutes.

2.11 Agitator and spin speed settings.

Where controls are provided for agitation and

spin speed selections, set them at the normal

cycle settings. If settings at the normal cycle

are not offered, set the control settings to the

maximum levels permitted on the clothes

washer.

3. Test Measurements

3.1 Clothes container capacity. Measure

the entire volume which a dry clothes load

could occupy within the clothes container,

according to sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2.

3.1.1 Top-loader-vertical-axis clothes

washer. Line the clothes container and

agitator with 2 mil (0.051 mm) plastic sheet

or use some other method to prevent the

water from entering the outer tub container

and into the agitator. The agitator shall be in

place. Fill the clothes container with water

to its uppermost edge. (This filling procedure

may require overriding of the fill level

control, or manually completing the fill to

the top of the container after the fill sensor

terminates the fill at maximum level.) Record

the weight of the machine before filling it

with water and then after filling it with

water. The clothes container capacity is

calculated as follows:

C W= ρ

Where:

C = capacity in cubic feet (liters).

W = mass of water in pounds (kilograms).

ρ = density of water at the measured

temperature in pounds per cubic foot

(kilograms per liter).

3.1.2 Front-loader and top-loaderhorizontal-axis clothes washer. For frontloader-horizontal-axis clothes washers,

position the tub and shaft axis vertically with

the tub facing up. For top-loader-horizontalaxis clothes washers, position the washer in

its upright position and the centerline of the

inner door at the top position. Line the

clothes container with 2 mil (0.051 mm)

plastic sheet or use some other method to

prevent the water from entering the outer tub

container. Fill the clothes container with

water to its uppermost edge. (This filling

procedure may require overriding of the fill

level control, or manually completing the fill

to the top of the container after the fill sensor

terminates the fill at maximum level.) Record

the weight of the machine before filling it

with water and then after filling it with

water. The clothes container capacity is

calculated as follows:

C W= ρ

Where:

C = capacity in cubic feet (liters).

W = mass of water in pounds (kilograms).

ρ = density of water at the measured

temperature in pounds per cubic foot

(kilograms per liter).

3.2 Test cycle. Establish the test

conditions set forth in section 2 of this

appendix. Automatic and semi-automatic

clothes washers that have infinite or various

temperature selection features that do not

conform to the wash/rinse temperature

combination settings of sections 5 or 6 shall

be tested at the following temperature

settings: Hottest setting available on the

machine, hot (a minimum of 140°F (60.0°C)

and a maximum of 145°F (62.8°C)), warm (a

minimum of 100°F (37.8°C) and a maximum

of 105°F (40.6°C)), and coldest setting

available on the machine.

3.2.1 Nonwater-heating clothes washers.

3.2.1.1 Per-cycle electrical energy

consumption. Set the water level selector at

maximum fill available on the clothes washer

and insert the appropriate test load, if

applicable. Activate the normal cycle of the

clothes washer and also any suds-saver

switch.

3.2.1.1.1 Measure the electrical energy

consumption of the clothes washer for the

complete normal cycle.

3.2.1.2 Hot and cold water consumption

with the water level selector at maximum fill

available on the clothes washer, if manually

controlled.

3.2.1.2.1 Set the water level selector at

maximum fill available on the clothes washer

and insert the appropriate test load. Activate

the normal cycle of the clothes washer and

also any suds-saver switch.

3.2.1.2.2 For automatic clothes washers,

set the wash/rinse temperature selector to the

hottest TUF combination setting. For semiautomatic clothes washers, open the hot

water faucet valve completely and close the

cold water faucet valve completely to achieve

the hottest TUF combination setting.

3.2.1.2.3 Measure the respective number

of gallons (liters) of hot and cold water used

to fill the tub for the wash cycle.

3.2.1.2.4 Measure the respective number

of gallons (liters) of hot and cold water used

for all deep rinse cycles.

3.2.1.2.5 Measure the respective gallons

(liters) of hot and cold water used for all

spray rinse cycles.

3.2.1.2.6 For automatic clothes washers

repeat sections 3.2.1.2.3, 3.2.1.2.4, and

3.2.1.2.5 for each of the other wash/rinse

temperature selections available that use hot

water. For semi-automatic clothes washers

repeat sections 3.2.1.2.3, 3.2.1.2.4, and

3.2.1.2.5 for the TUFs in section 6 with the

following water faucet valve adjustments:

Faucet position

Hot valve Cold valve

Hot ................ Completely

open.

Closed.
15360 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

Faucet position

Hot valve Cold valve

Warm ............ Completely

open.

Completely

open.

Cold ............... Closed ......... Completely

open.

3.2.1.2.7 Set the suds-saver switch to

activate the suds-return. Repeat sections

3.2.1.2.3 to 3.2.1.2.5 for a Warm/Cold

temperature setting.

3.2.1.3 Hot and cold water consumption

with the water level selector at minimum fill.

Set the water level selector at minimum fill

and insert the appropriate test load. Activate

the normal cycle of the clothes washer and

also any suds-saver switch. Repeat sections

3.2.1.2.2 through 3.2.1.2.7.

3.2.1.4 Hot and cold water consumption

for clothes washers that incorporate a partial

fill during the rinse cycle. When sections

3.2.1.2 and 3.2.1.3 cannot be used for clothes

washers that incorporate a partial fill during

the rinse cycle, activate any suds-saver

switch and operate the clothes washer for the

complete normal cycle at both the maximum

water fill level and the minimum water fill

level for each of the wash/rinse temperature

selections available. Measure the respective

hot and cold water consumed during the

complete normal cycle.

3.2.2 Water-heating clothes washers. For

water-heating clothes washers the following

temperature settings will be tested: hottest

setting available on the machine, hot (a

minimum of 140°F (60.0°C) and a maximum

of 145°F (62.8°C)), warm (a minimum of

100°F (37.8°C) and a maximum of 105°F

(40.6°C)), and coldest setting available on the

machine. These temperature must be

confirmed by measurement using a

temperature sensing device.

3.2.2.1 Per-cycle electrical energy

consumption at maximum fill. Set the water

level selector at maximum fill available on

the clothes washer, if manually controlled.

3.2.2.1.1 Hottest wash at maximum fill.

Activate the machine and insert the

appropriate test load, if applicable. Select the

normal or its equivalent wash cycle. Where

spin speed selection is available, set the

control to its maximum setting. Set the water

temperature selector to the hottest setting and

activate the wash cycle. Measure and record

the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy

consumed for the complete cycle as Eht,max.

3.2.2.1.2 Hot wash at maximum fill.

Insert a water temperature sensing device

inside the inner drum prior to testing.

Activate the machine and insert the

appropriate test load, if applicable. Select the

normal or its equivalent wash cycle. Where

spin speed selection is available, set the

control to its maximum setting. Set the water

temperature selector to the hot setting (a

minimum of 140°F (60.0°C) and a maximum

of 145°F (62.8°C)) and activate the wash

cycle. Verify the wash water temperature,

which must be at a minimum of 140°F

(60.0°C) and a maximum of 145°F (62.8°C).

If the measured water temperature is not

within the specified range, stop testing,

adjust the temperature selector accordingly

and repeat the procedure. Otherwise, proceed

and complete testing. Measure and record the

kilowatt-hours of electrical energy consumed

for the complete cycle as Eh,max.

3.2.2.1.3 Warm wash at maximum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.2 for a warm wash

setting at a minimum of 100°F (37.8°C) and

a maximum of 105°F (40.6°C). Measure and

record the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy

consumed for the complete cycle as Ew,max.

3.2.2.1.4 Cold wash at maximum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.1 for the coldest water

setting. Measure and record the kilowatthours of electrical energy consumed for the

complete cycle as Ec,max. Ensure that the inlet

water temperature is maintained per section

2.3.

3.2.2.2 Per-cycle water consumption at

maximum fill. Measure the total number of

gallons (liters) of water used in sections

3.2.2.1.1, 3.2.2.1.2, 3.2.2.1.3, and 3.2.2.1.4,

including all wash, deep rinse, and spray

rinse cycles as Vhtmax, Vh,max, Vw,max, and

Vc,max.

3.2.2.3 Per-cycle electrical energy

consumption at minimum fill. Set the water

level selector to the minimum fill position,

if manually controlled.

3.2.2.3.1 Hottest wash at minimum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.1. Measure and record

the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy

consumed for the complete cycle as Eht,min.

3.2.2.3.2 Hot wash at minimum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.2. The hot wash setting

shall be at a minimum of 140°F (60.0°C) and

a maximum of 145°F (62.8°C). Measure and

record the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy

consumed for the complete cycle as Eh,min.

3.2.2.3.3 Warm wash at minimum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.2 for warm wash

setting at a minimum of 100°F (37.8°C) and

a maximum of 105°F (40.6°C). Measure and

record the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy

consumed for the complete cycle as Ew,min.

3.2.2.3.4 Cold wash at minimum fill.

Repeat section 3.2.2.1.1 for the coldest wash

setting. Measure and record the kilowatthours of electrical energy consumed for the

complete cycle as Ec,min. Ensure that the inlet

water temperature is maintained per section

2.3.

3.2.2.4 Per-cycle water consumption at

minimum fill. Measure the total number of

gallons (liters) of water used in sections

3.2.2.3.1, 3.2.2.3.2, 3.2.2.3.3, and 3.2.2.3.4,

including all wash, deep rinse, and spray

rinse cycles.

3.3 Moisture content of test load. Weigh

the test loads after completion of test cycles

in warm wash/cold rinse or cold wash/cold

rinse temperature setting for both maximum

and minimum water fills.

3.4 Data recording. Record for each test

cycle in sections 3.2.1 through 3.3.

3.4.1 Nonwater-heating clothes washers.

3.4.1.1 Record the kilowatt-hours of

electrical energy, ME, consumed during the

test to operate the clothes washer in section

3.2.1.1.

3.4.1.2 Record the individual gallons

(liters) of hot and cold water consumption,

Vhi and Vci, measured at maximum fill level

for each wash/rinse TUF combination setting

in section 3.2.1.2, excluding any fresh makeup water required to complete the fill during

a suds-return cycle.

3.4.1.3 Record the individual gallons

(liters) of hot and cold water consumption,

Vhj and Vcj, measured at minimum fill level

for each wash/rinse TUF combination setting

in section 3.2.1.3, excluding any fresh makeup water required to complete the fill during

a suds-return cycle.

3.4.1.4 Record the individual gallons

(liters) of hot and cold water, ShH and ScH,

measured at maximum fill for the suds-return

cycle.

3.4.1.5 Record the individual gallons

(liters) of hot and cold water, ShL and ScL,

measured at minimum fill for the suds-return

cycle.

3.4.2 Water-heating clothes washers.

3.4.2.1 Record the kilowatt-hours of

electrical energy Ehtmax, Eh,max, Ew,max, and

Ec,max consumed at maximum fill level for

each wash/rinse TUF combination setting in

sections 3.2.2.1.1, 3.2.2.1.2, 3.2.2.1.3, and

3.2.2.1.4, respectively.

3.4.2.2 Record the total gallons (liters) of

water consumption, Vhtmax, Vh,max, Vw,max, and

Vc,max, measured at maximum fill level for

each wash/rinse TUF combination setting in

section 3.2.2.2.

3.4.2.3 Record the kilowatt-hours of

electrical energy, Ehtmin, Eh,min, Ew,min, and

Ec,min consumed at minimum fill level for

each wash/rinse TUF combination setting in

section 3.2.2.3.1, 3.2.2.3.2, 3.2.2.3.3, and

3.2.2.3.4, respectively.

3.4.2.4 Record the total gallons (liters) of

water consumption, Vhtmin, Vh,min, Vw,min, and

Vc,min, measured at minimum fill level for

each wash/rinse TUF combination setting in

section 3.2.2.4.

3.4.3 Record the weight of the test loads,

Wmax and Wmin, after completion of test

cycles in section 3.3.

4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test

Measurements

4.1 Energy consumption.

4.1.1 Nonwater-heating clothes washers.

4.1.1.1 Per-cycle temperature-weighted

hot water consumption for maximum and

minimum water fill levels. Calculate for the

cycle under test the per-cycle temperature

weighted hot water consumption for the

maximum water fill level, Vhmax, and for the

minimum water fill level, Vhmin, expressed in

gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) and

defined as:

Vh X Vh TUF

X TUF Sh

i i

i

n

W H

max = × [ ] +

[ ] ×

=

1∑

1

2

Where:

Vhi = reported hot water consumption in

gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) at

maximum fill for each wash/cycle TUF

combination setting, as provided in

section 3.4.1.2. (If a clothes washer is

equipped with two different wash/rinse

temperature selections that have the

same basic TUF label (one of them has

its water temperature controlled by

thermostatically controlled valves and

the other one does not), then the higher

of the two Vi’s shall be used for the

calculation.)

TUFi = applicable temperature use factor in

section 5 or 6.
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15361

n = number of wash/rinse TUF combination

setting available to the user for the

clothes washer under test.

TUFw = temperature use factor for warm

wash setting.

For clothes washers equipped with the

suds-saver feature:

X1 = frequency of use without the suds-saver

feature = 0.86.

X2 = frequency of use with the suds-saver

feature = 0.14.

ShH = fresh make-up water measured during

suds-return cycle at maximum water fill

level.

For clothes washers not equipped with the

suds-saver feature:

X

X

1

2

1 0

0 0

=

=

.

.

and

Vh X Vh TUF

X TUF Sh

j j

j

n

W L

min = × [ ] +

[ ] ×

=

1∑

1

2

Where:

Vhj = reported hot water consumption in

gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) at

minimum fill for each wash/rinse TUF

combination setting, as provided in

section 3.4.1.3. (If a clothes washer is

equipped with two different wash/rinse

temperature selections that have the

same basic TUF label (one of them has

its water temperature controlled by

thermostatically controlled valves and

the other one does not), then the higher

of the two Vj’s shall be used for the

calculation.)

TUFj = applicable temperature use factor in

section 5 or 6.

ShL = fresh hot make-up water measured

during suds-return cycle at minimum

water fill level.

n = as defined above.

TUFw = as defined above.

X1 = as defined above.

X2 = as defined above.

4.1.1.2 Total per-cycle hot water energy

consumption for maximum and minimum

water fill levels. Calculate the total per-cycle

hot water energy consumption for the

maximum water fill level, Emax and for the

minimum water level, Emin, expressed in

kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

E Vh T K MF max max = × × × [ ]

Where:

T = temperature rise = 90°F (50°C).

K = water specific heat = 0.00240 kWh/

(gal·°F) [0.00114 kWh/(L·°C)].

Vhmax = as defined in section 4.1.1.1.

MF = multiplying factor to account for

absence of test load=0.94 for top-loader

vertical axis clothes washers that are

sensor filled, 1.0 for all other clothes

washers

and:

E Vh T K MF min min = × × × [ ]

Where:

T = as defined above.

K = as defined above.

Vhmin = as defined in section 4.1.1.1.

MF = as defined in section 4.1.1.2.

4.1.1.3 Total weighted per-cycle hot water

energy consumption expressed in kilowatthours. Calculate the total weighted per cycle

hot water energy consumption, ET, expressed

in kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

E E F E F T = × [ ] max max min min + × [ ]

Where:

Fmax=usage fill factor=0.72

Fmin=usage fill factor=0.28

Emax=as defined in section 4.1.1.2.

Emin=as defined in section 4.1.1.2.

4.1.1.4 Per-cycle machine electrical

energy consumption. The value recorded in

section 3.4.1.1 is the per-cycle machine

electrical energy consumption, ME, expressed

in kilowatt-hours per cycle.

4.1.1.5 Per-cycle water energy

consumption using gas-heated or oil-heated

water. Calculate for the normal cycle the percycle water consumption, ETG, using gas

heated or oil-heated water, expressed in BTU

per cycle (megajoules per cycle) and defined

as:

E E

e kWh

E

e

TG T

T

= × ×





 





= × ×





 





1 3412

1 3 6

 BTU

 or E

 MJ

kWh TG

.

Where:

e = nominal gas or oil water heater

efficiency=0.75.

ET = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

4.1.1.6 Total per-cycle energy

consumption when electrically heated water

is used. Calculate for the normal cycle the

total per-cycle energy consumption, ETE,

using electrically heated water, expressed in

kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

ETE=ET+ME

Where:

ET = as defined in section 4.1.1.3

ME = as defined in section 4.1.1.4.

4.1.2 Water-heating clothes washers.

4.1.2.1 Per-cycle temperature-weighted

energy consumption for maximum and

minimum water fill levels. Calculate for the

cycle under test the per-cycle temperature

weighted energy consumption for the

maximum water fill level, Emax, and for the

minimum water fill level, Emin, expressed in

kilowatt-hours per cycle and defined as:

E E E

E E

ht h

w c

max ,max ,max

,max ,max

. .

. .

= × ( ) + × ( )

+ × ( ) + × ( )

0 05 0 25

0 55 0 15

and,

E E E

E E

ht h

w c

min ,min ,min

,min ,min

. .

. .

= × ( ) + × ( )

+ × ( ) + × ( )

0 05 0 25

0 55 0 15

Where:

Eht,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.1.1

Eh,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.1.2

Ew,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.1.3

Ec,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.1.4

Eht,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.3.1

Eh,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.3.2

Ew,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.3.3

Ec,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.3.4

4.1.2.2 Total weighted per-cycle energy

consumption expressed in kilowatt-hours.

Calculate the total weighted per cycle energy

consumption, ET, expressed in kilowatthours per cycle and defined as:

E E F E F T = × [ ] max max min min + × [ ]

Where:

Fmax = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Fmin = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Emax = as defined in section 4.1.2.1.

Emin = as defined in section 4.1.2.1

4.2 Per-cycle energy consumption for

removal of moisture from test load. Calculate

the per-cycle energy required to remove the

moisture of the test load, moisture removal

energy, HV, expressed in kilowatt-hours per

cycle and defined as:

H W W D V EF = − ( ) × 2 1

Where:

W2 = Weighted test load after normal cycles,

in lbs (kg).

= [(Wmax×Fmax)+(Wmin×Fmin)].

Wmax = as defined in section 3.4.3.

Wmin = as defined in section 3.4.3.

Fmax = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Fmin = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

W1 = weighted reference weight (bone dry) of

test load.

= 5.88 lbs (2.42 kg) for standard size

clothes washers.

= 3 lbs (1.36 kg) for compact size clothes

washers.

DEF = nominal energy required for a clothes

dryer to remove moisture from clothes,

0.5 kWh/lbs (1.1 kWh/kg).

4.3 Water consumption.

4.3.1 Nonwater-heating clothes washers.

4.3.1.1 Per-cycle temperature-weighted

water consumption for maximum and

minimum water fill levels. Calculate for the

cycle under test the per-cycle temperatureweighted total water consumption for the

maximum water fill level, Qmax, and for the

minimum water fill level, Qmin, expressed in

gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) and

defined as:

Q X Vh Vc TUF

X TUF Sh Sc

i i i

i

n

W H H

max = + [ ] ( ) ×

+ × + [ ] ( )

=

1∑

1

2

Where:
15362 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules

Vhi = hot water consumption in gallons percycle at maximum fill for each wash/

rinse TUF combination setting, as

provided in section 3.4.1.2.

Vci = cold water consumption in gallons percycle at maximum fill for each wash/

rinse TUF combination setting, as

provided in section 3.4.1.2.

TUFi = applicable temperature use factor in

section 5 or 6.

n = number of wash/rinse TUF combination

settings available to the user for the

clothes washer under test.

TUFw = temperature use factor for warm

wash setting.

For clothes washers equipped with sudssaver feature:

X1 = frequency of use without suds-saver

feature=0.86

X2 = frequency of use with suds-saver

feature=0.14

ShH = fresh hot water make-up measured

during suds-return cycle at maximum

water fill level.

ScH = fresh cold water make-up measured

during suds-return cycle at maximum

water fill level.

For clothes washers not equipped with

suds-saver feature:

X

X

1

2

1 0

0 0

=

=

.

.

and

Q X Vh Vc TUF

X TUF Sh SC

j

n

j j j

w L L

min = + ( ) × [ ]

+ × + [ ] ( )

=

1∑

1

2

Where:

Vhj = hot water consumption in gallons per

cycle (liters per cycle) at minimum fill

for each wash/rinse TUF combination

setting, as provided in section 3.4.1.3.

Vcj = cold water consumption in gallons per

cycle (liters per cycle) at minimum fill

for each wash/rinse TUF combination

setting, as provided in section 3.4.1.3.

TUFj = applicable temperature use factor in

section 5 or 6.

ShL = fresh hot and cold make-up water

measured during suds-return cycle at

minimum water fill level.

ScL = fresh hot and cold make-up water

measured during suds-return cycle at

minimum water fill level.

n = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

TUFw = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

X1 = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

X2 = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

4.3.1.2 Total weighted per-cycle water

consumption. Calculate the total weighted

per cycle water consumption, QT, expressed

in gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) and

defined as:

Q Q F Q F T = × [ ] max max min min + × [ ]

Where:

Fmax = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Fmin = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Qmax = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

Qmin = as defined in section 4.3.1.1.

4.3.2 Water-heating clothes washers.

4.3.2.1 Per-cycle temperature-weighted

water consumption for maximum and

minimum water fill levels. Calculate for the

cycle under test the per-cycle temperature

weighted total water consumption for the

maximum water fill level, Qmax, and for the

minimum water fill level, Qmin, expressed in

gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) and

defined as:

Q V V

V V

ht h

w c

max ,max ,max

,max ,max

. .

. .

= × ( ) + × ( )

+ × ( ) + × ( )

0 05 0 25

0 55 0 15

and,

Q V V

V V

ht h

w c

min ,min ,min

,min ,min

. .

. .

= × ( ) + × ( )

+ × ( ) + × ( )

0 05 0 25

0 55 0 15

Where:

Vht,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.2.

Vh,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.2.

Vw,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.2.

Vc,max = as defined in section 3.2.2.2.

Vht,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.4.

Vh,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.4.

Vw,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.4.

Vc,min = as defined in section 3.2.2.4.

4.3.2.2 Total weighted per-cycle water

consumption. Calculate the total weighted

per cycle water consumption, QT, expressed

in gallons per cycle (liters per cycle) and

defined as:

Q Q F Q F T = × [ ] max max min min + × [ ]

Where:

Fmax = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Fmin = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

Qmax = as defined in section 4.3.2.1.

Qmin = as defined in section 4.3.2.1.

4.3.3 Water consumption factor.

Calculate the water consumption factor,

WCF, expressed in cubic feet per gallon per

cycle (liter per liter per cycle), as:

WCF

C

QT

=

Where:

C = as defined in section 3.1.1 or 3.1.2.

QT = as defined in section 4.3.1.2 for

nonwater-heating clothes washers.

4.4 Modified energy factor.

4.4.1 Nonwater-heating clothes washers.

Calculate the modified energy factor, MEF,

expressed in cubic feet per kilowatt-hours

per cycle (liters per kilowatt-hours per cycle),

as:

MEF

C

M E H E T V

=

( ) + +

Where:

C = as defined in section 3.1.1 or 3.1.2.

ME = as defined in section 4.1.1.4.

ET = as defined in section 4.1.1.3.

HV = as defined in section 4.2.

4.4.2 Water-heating clothes washers.

Calculate the modified energy factor, MEF,

expressed in cubic feet per kilowatt-hours

per cycle (liters per kilowatt-hours per cycle),

as:

MEF

C

E H T V

=

( ) +

Where:

C = as defined in section 3.1.1 or 3.1.2.

ET = as defined in section 4.1.2.2.

HV = as defined in section 4.2.

5. Applicable Temperature Use Factors for

Determining Hot Water Usage for Various

Wash/Rinse Temperature Selections for All

Automatic Clothes Washers

5.1 Five-temperature selection (n=5).

Wash/rinse temperature

setting

Temperature

use factor

(TUF)

Hot/Warm .............................. 0.18

Hot/Cold ................................ .12

Warm/Warm .......................... .30

Warm/Cold ............................ .25

Cold/Cold .............................. .15

5.2 Four-temperature selection (n=4).

Wash/rinse temperature

setting

Temperature

use factor

(TUF)

Alternate I:

Hot/Warm .......................... 0.18

Hot/Cold ............................ .12

Warm/Cold ........................ .55

Cold/Cold .......................... .15

Alternate II:

Hot/Warm .......................... 0.18

Hot/Cold ............................ .12

Warm/Warm ...................... .30

Warm/Cold ........................ .40

Alternate III:

Hot/Cold ............................ 0.12

Warm/Warm ...................... .18

Warm/Cold ........................ .55

Cold/Cold .......................... .15

5.3 Three-temperature selection (n=3).

Wash/rinse temperature

setting

Temperature

use factor

(TUF)

Alternate I:

Hot/Warm .......................... 0.30

Warm/Cold ........................ .55

Cold/Cold .......................... .15

Alternate II:

Hot/Cold ............................ 0.30

Warm/Cold ........................ .55

Cold/Cold .......................... .15

Alternate III:

Hot/Cold ............................ 0.30

Warm/Warm ...................... .55

Cold/Cold .......................... .15

6. Applicable Temperature Use Factors for

Determining Hot Water Usage for Various

Wash/Rinse Temperature Settings for All

Semi-Automatic Clothes Washers

6.1 Six-temperature settings (n=6).
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 56 / Thursday, March 23, 1995 / Proposed Rules 15363

Wash/rinse temperature

setting

Temperature

use factor

(TUF)

Hot/Hot .................................. .15

Hot/Warm .............................. .09

Hot/Cold ................................ .06

Warm/Warm .......................... .42

Warm/Cold ............................ .13

Cold/Cold .............................. .15

§ 430.62 [Amended]

7. Section 430.62 (a)(2) is amended by

adding ‘‘energy factor (for clothes washers,

clothes dryers, and dishwashers)’’ after ‘‘(for

pool heaters),’’ and before ‘‘and annual fuel

utilization efficiency’’.

[FR Doc. 95–4048 Filed 3–22–95; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6450–01–P