II 

Calendar No. 456 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3317 

To strengthen United States national security through the defense of democracy abroad and to address contemporary threats to democracy around 

the world, and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

DECEMBER 6, 2021 

Mr. COONS (for himself and Mr. GRAHAM) introduced the following bill; which 

was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 

JULY 21, 2022 

Reported by Mr. MENENDEZ, with an amendment 

[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 

A BILL 

To strengthen United States national security through the 

defense of democracy abroad and to address contemporary threats to democracy around the world, and for 

other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Democracy in the 21st Century Act’’. 


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1 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

2 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

Sec. 3. Program prioritization and democracy strategy. 

Sec. 4. Authorities and limitation. 

Sec. 5. Establishment of certain funds. 

Sec. 6. Roles and responsibilities. 

Sec. 7. Coordinators for democracy programs. 

Sec. 8. Authorization of appropriations. 

3 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

4 In this Act: 

5 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT6 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com7 mittees’’ means— 

8 (A) the Committee on Appropriations of 

9 the Senate; 

10 (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

11 the Senate; 

12 (C) the Committee on Appropriations of 

13 the House of Representatives; and 

14 (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 

15 the House of Representatives. 

16 (2) DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS.—For purposes of 

17 funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act, the 

18 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et 

19 seq.), or appropriated under any Act making appro20 priations for the Department of State, foreign operVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 ations, and related programs, the term ‘‘democracy 

2 programs’’ means programs that— 

3 (A) support democratic governance con4 sistent with section 133(b) of the Foreign As5 sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152c(b)), 

6 and— 

7 (i) transparent, accountable, and 

8 democratic governance (including com9 bating corruption); 

10 (ii) credible and competitive elections; 

11 (iii) freedom of expression (including 

12 countering disinformation and misinforma13 tion), association, assembly, and religion; 

14 (iv) human rights and labor rights; 

15 (v) independent media; 

16 (vi) internet freedom and digital 

17 rights and responsibilities; and 

18 (vii) the rule of law; or 

19 (B) otherwise strengthen the capacity of 

20 democratic political parties, nongovernmental 

21 organizations and institutions, and citizens to 

22 support the development of democratic states 

23 and institutions that are responsive and ac24 countable to citizens. 


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1 (3) NED.—The term ‘‘NED’’ means the Na2 tional Endowment for Democracy. 

3 (4) RELEVANT FEDERAL AGENCIES.—The term 

4 ‘‘relevant Federal agencies’’ means— 

5 (A) the Department of State; 

6 (B) the United States Agency for Inter7 national Development; and 

8 (C) other Federal agencies that the Presi9 dent determines are relevant for purposes of 

10 this Act. 

11 (5) USAID.—The term ‘‘USAID’’ means the 

12 United States Agency for International Develop13 ment. 

14 SEC. 3. PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION AND DEMOCRACY 

15 STRATEGY. 

16 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find17 ings: 

18 (1) Democracy has weakened around the world 

19 for at least 15 consecutive years. In some places, au20 thoritarian leaders have deliberately chipped away at 

21 the pillars of democracy; in others, rampant par22 tisanship and disinformation have pitted democratic 

23 electorates against themselves. In many places, the 

24 People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Federation of 

25 Russia, and other states have found ways to encourVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 age or amplify these trends, including through the 

2 strategic use of corruption. 

3 (2) The erosion of global democracy fundamen4 tally undermines the national security of the United 

5 States. Democracies consistently prove to be the 

6 most reliable geopolitical allies and trading partners 

7 for the United States. Democracies by any reason8 able measure outperform non-democracies in deliv9 ering prosperity and good governance, and in pre10 venting instability and violent extremism. The ero11 sion of democracy in foreign countries threatens the 

12 United States at home, because the threats democ13 racy faces around the world (including 

14 disinformation, hyperpolarization, election meddling, 

15 weaponized corruption, digital repression, and at16 tacks on independent media) respect no national 

17 boundary. If left unaddressed overseas, this demo18 cratic erosion will threaten American democracy at 

19 home. 

20 (3) More generally, the competition between de21 mocracies and autocracies has again become an ani22 mating feature of global politics, with authoritarian 

23 powers (often with support from the PRC or Russia) 

24 using their resources, influence, and technology to 


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1 undermine and interfere in democratic processes and 

2 co-opt public officials. 

3 (4) The current approach of the United States 

4 Government to supporting global democracy must be 

5 updated to meet today’s challenges. The survival of 

6 the democratic project will always depend on free 

7 and fair elections, strong democratic institutions, the 

8 rule of law, and an empowered civil society. The 

9 United States Government must also establish new 

10 authorities and resources to address contemporary 

11 threats to democracy, including malign foreign inter12 ference, transnational corruption, and digital 

13 authoritarianism. 

14 (b) PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION.—The United States 

15 Government should prioritize democracy programs that— 

16 (1) advance democracy worldwide, including 

17 during a country’s transition to democracy, a con18 solidation of democracy following such a transition, 

19 and democratic backsliding in a country; 

20 (2) support democracy and democratic activists 

21 in closed and repressive societies, including defend22 ing their human rights; 

23 (3) counter the malign influence of the PRC, 

24 the Federation of Russia, and other authoritarian 

25 governments; 


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1 (4) counter corruption and kleptocracy, includ2 ing by enhancing transparent, accountable, and re3 sponsive governance; 

4 (5) promote and protect independent media, 

5 civil society activists, writers, artists, and intellec6 tuals; 

7 (6) counter misinformation and disinformation 

8 of all kinds, but especially in the digital domain; 

9 (7) counter authoritarian abuse of technology, 

10 and prevent manipulation—especially through digital 

11 means—of elections, electoral data, and critical in12 frastructure; 

13 (8) combat digital authoritarianism, including 

14 the use of the internet and other digital technologies 

15 to undermine human rights; 

16 (9) promote internet freedom and the use of 

17 technology that furthers democracy and human 

18 rights; 

19 (10) counter transnational repression and the 

20 extra-territorial extension of repressive measures, as 

21 well as the increasing use of arbitrary detention; 

22 (11) respond rapidly to democratic openings or 

23 backsliding; 


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1 (12) promote civic education, voter education, 

2 and enhanced citizen participation in democratic 

3 processes; 

4 (13) seek to ensure the integrity of elections 

5 abroad; and 

6 (14) establish and promote democracy partner7 ships to maximize support to a country where a 

8 democratic opening is underway or the respective 

9 government is a genuine partner for democratic re10 form. 

11 (c) STRATEGY.—Not later than 120 days after the 

12 date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub13 mit to Congress a comprehensive strategy to promote de14 mocracy abroad. The strategy shall encompass a whole of 

15 government approach to such efforts, and include detailed 

16 information on funding, goals and objectives, and over17 sight. 

18 SEC. 4. AUTHORITIES AND LIMITATION. 

19 (a) AVAILABILITY.—Funds that are authorized to be 

20 appropriated pursuant to the National Endowment for 

21 Democracy Act (22 U.S.C. 4412) or appropriated under 

22 any Act making appropriations for the Department of 

23 State, foreign operations, and related programs for the 

24 National Endowment for Democracy may be made availVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 able notwithstanding any other provision of law and any 

2 regulation. 

3 (b) BENEFICIARIES.—Funds that are made available 

4 by this Act for the NED are made available pursuant to 

5 the authority of the National Endowment for Democracy 

6 Act (title V of Public Law 98–164), including all decisions 

7 regarding the selection of beneficiaries. 

8 (c) RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN GOVERNMENT IN9 TERFERENCE.— 

10 (1) PRIOR APPROVAL.—With respect to the pro11 vision of assistance for democracy programs by rel12 evant Federal agencies, the organizations imple13 menting such assistance, the specific nature of that 

14 assistance, and the participants in such programs 

15 shall not be subject to the prior approval by the gov16 ernment of any foreign country. 

17 (2) DISCLOSURE OF IMPLEMENTING PARTNER

18 INFORMATION.—If the Secretary of State, in con19 sultation with the Administrator of the United 

20 States Agency for International Development, deter21 mines that the government of a country is undemo22 cratic or has engaged in gross violations of human 

23 rights, any new bilateral agreement governing the 

24 terms and conditions under which assistance is pro25 vided to such a country shall not require the discloVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 sure of the names of implementing partners of de2 mocracy programs, and the Secretary of State and 

3 the Administrator of the United States Agency for 

4 International Development shall expeditiously seek 

5 to negotiate amendments to existing bilateral agree6 ments, as necessary, to conform to this requirement. 

7 (3) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary 

8 of State, in coordination with the USAID Adminis9 trator, shall submit a report to the appropriate con10 gressional committees, not later than January 31, 

11 2022, and annually thereafter until September 30, 

12 2026, detailing steps taken by the Department of 

13 State and USAID to comply with the requirements 

14 of this subsection. 

15 (d) INFORMATION SHARING.—The Assistant Sec16 retary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the 

17 Department of State and the Assistant Administrator for 

18 Development, Democracy, and Innovation of USAID shall 

19 regularly inform the NED of democracy programs that are 

20 planned and supported by such agencies, and the NED 

21 President shall regularly inform such Secretary and Ad22 ministrator of programs that are planned and supported 

23 by the NED, consistent with the requirements of section 

24 505 of the National Endowment for Democracy Act (22 

25 U.S.C. 4414). 


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1 (e) DIGITAL SECURITY.—Democracy programs sup2 ported by funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant 

3 to section 8 should include a component on digital security 

4 to enhance the security and safety of implementers and 

5 beneficiaries, including, as appropriate, assistance for civil 

6 society organizations to counter government surveillance, 

7 censorship, and repression by digital means. 

8 SEC. 5. ESTABLISHMENT OF CERTAIN FUNDS. 

9 (a) FUND TO DEFEND DEMOCRACY GLOBALLY.— 

10 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State 

11 and the Administrator of the United States Agency 

12 for International Development, following consulta13 tion with the appropriate congressional committees, 

14 may each establish a Fund to Defend Democracy 

15 Globally, which may accept contributions from other 

16 international donors and the private sector. The Sec17 retary and the Administrator shall regularly coordi18 nate programs and activities supported by each re19 spective Fund. 

20 (2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of such Funds is 

21 to support programs that— 

22 (A) strengthen and enhance the Depart23 ment of State and USAID’s ability to respond 

24 quickly and flexibly to democratic openings and 

25 backsliding; 


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1 (B) assist fledgling or struggling democ2 racies deliver services and meet expectations for 

3 their populations through a full range of devel4 opment assistance from the United States and 

5 other international donors, in consultation and 

6 coordination with the governments of such de7 mocracies, in order to further reforms and 

8 strategies identified by such governments 

9 through consultation with respective civil soci10 eties; 

11 (C) support, in cooperation with other 

12 international donors and in consultation with 

13 nongovernmental organizations, independent 

14 and public interest media worldwide to help 

15 such media resist the overlapping challenges of 

16 authoritarian encroachment, threats to their fi17 nancial viability, and litigation and regulatory 

18 environments meant to undercut their ability to 

19 operate; 

20 (D) center democratic values and human 

21 rights in current and emerging technologies, 

22 and counter efforts by authoritarian govern23 ments to surveil, censor, or otherwise repress 

24 populations by digital means, including through 

25 programs that— 


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1 (i) counter disinformation; 

2 (ii) establish an initiative to be housed 

3 at USAID to help countries around the 

4 world implement governing regulations for 

5 the procurement and use of technology 

6 consistent with democratic and human 

7 rights norms and standards; 

8 (iii) provide ‘‘digital public goods’’ to 

9 reduce the appeal of authoritarian-leaning 

10 technologies to cash-strapped countries; 

11 (iv) provide education on digital lit12 eracy to key populations; and 

13 (v) support the ongoing prioritization 

14 of democratic values in technological devel15 opment in the years to come; and 

16 (E) establish an international coalition of 

17 governmental and nongovernmental actors dedi18 cated to preserving election integrity by pro19 viding funds to deter or combat external influ20 ence in elections abroad, including cyber intru21 sion, disinformation, and other threats, and as22 sist elections to meet coalition-defined stand23 ards of electoral integrity. 

24 (3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of 

25 the funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to 


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1 section 8, not less than $20,000,000, to remain 

2 available until expended, should be made available 

3 for each Fund established under this subsection. 

4 (b) FUND TO COMBAT CORRUPTION AND

5 KLEPTOCRACY.— 

6 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The USAID Adminis7 trator, following consultation with the appropriate 

8 congressional committees, may establish a Fund to 

9 Combat Corruption and Kleptocracy abroad. 

10 (2) CONTRIBUTIONS.—The Fund may accept 

11 contributions from other international donors and 

12 the private sector, and provide contributions to mul13 tilateral organizations. 

14 (3) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Fund are 

15 to support efforts by foreign governments, civil soci16 ety, and the private sector to combat corruption and 

17 kleptocracy abroad, including through efforts that— 

18 (A) enhance government transparency, ac19 countability, and responsiveness across develop20 ment sectors; 

21 (B) improve detection and exposure of cor22 ruption crimes, including those that cross bor23 ders; 


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1 (C) expand investigations and prosecutions 

2 of corrupt acts and hold corrupt actors account3 able; 

4 (D) strengthen norms and standards at the 

5 local, national, regional, and international lev6 els; and 

7 (E) augment cooperation with the private 

8 sector and key industries to root out corruption 

9 that harms competitiveness, economic growth, 

10 and development and taints critical supply 

11 chains. 

12 (4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of 

13 the funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to 

14 section 8, not less than $20,000,000, to remain 

15 available until expended, should be made available 

16 for the Fund. 

17 (c) DEMOCRACY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

18 FUND.— 

19 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator of 

20 the United States Agency for International Develop21 ment, following consultation with the appropriate 

22 congressional committees, may establish a Democ23 racy Research and Development Fund. 

24 (2) CONTRIBUTIONS.—The Fund may accept 

25 contributions from other international donors and 


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1 the private sector, and provide contributions to mul2 tilateral organizations. 

3 (3) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Fund are 

4 to— 

5 (A) support research and development by 

6 the Department of State, USAID, and NED on 

7 policies, programs, and technologies relating to 

8 democracy promotion abroad; 

9 (B) drive innovation within those entities 

10 regarding the response to democratic back11 sliding; and 

12 (C) incentivize collaboration among govern13 ment, nongovernmental organizations, and the 

14 private sector with the objective of identifying 

15 and mitigating the threats to global democracy. 

16 (4) REPORTS FROM THE COORDINATORS FOR

17 DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS AND THE NATIONAL ENDOW18 MENT FOR DEMOCRACY.—Not later than 180 days 

19 after enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 

20 until September 30, 2026, the Coordinators for De21 mocracy Programs established pursuant to section 7 

22 and the President of the National Endowment for 

23 Democracy shall each submit to the appropriate con24 gressional committees a report detailing research 

25 and development programs supported by the DepartVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6401 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 ment of State, USAID, and NED during the prior 

2 fiscal year. The report may be accompanied by a 

3 classified annex, if necessary. 

4 (5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of 

5 the funds authorized to be appropriated by section 

6 8, $15,000,000, to remain available until expended, 

7 should be made available for the Fund. 

8 SEC. 6. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. 

9 Funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to sec10 tion 8 should be made available as follows, consistent with 

11 the overall strategic direction and capabilities of the De12 partment of State and USAID: 

13 (1) For the Department of State, such funds 

14 should be the responsibility of the Assistant Sec15 retary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 

16 Labor, except for funds provided to NED. Such 

17 funds shall be made available as grants and should 

18 have as their primary purpose democracy programs 

19 that are flexible, innovative, and responsive to— 

20 (A) current human rights abuses and de21 mocracy deficiencies as documented in the an22 nual Country Report on Human Rights Prac23 tices required by sections 116(d) and 502B(b) 

24 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

25 U.S.C. 2151n(d), 2304(b)); and 


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1 (B) emerging opportunities and sudden cri2 ses. 

3 (2) For USAID, such funds should have as 

4 their primary purpose flexible, innovative, and re5 sponsive democracy programs that are development6 oriented, often coordinated through a Country De7 velopment Cooperation Strategy, and conducted in 

8 countries where a USAID Mission is present or 

9 where a USAID Mission in a neighboring country 

10 can run such programs effectively. Such programs 

11 should, as appropriate, build local capacity with an 

12 eye to persistent multi-year efforts, incorporate de13 mocracy programming into a larger development 

14 strategy, and emphasize locally led programs when 

15 possible. Funds made available for civil society and 

16 political competition and consensus building pro17 grams abroad shall be provided in a manner that 

18 recognizes the benefits of grants and cooperative 

19 agreements in implementing such programs. 

20 (3) In cases where both the Department of 

21 State and USAID are able to respond to emerging 

22 opportunities and sudden crises, including in closed 

23 and repressive societies, the Coordinators of Democ24 racy Programs established pursuant to section 7 

25 shall coordinate their respective programs, including 


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1 at the country level, to ensure complementarity and 

2 prevent waste or redundancy. 

3 SEC. 7. COORDINATORS FOR DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS. 

4 The Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, 

5 Human Rights, and Labor of the Department of State and 

6 the Assistant Administrator for Development, Democracy, 

7 and Innovation shall serve concurrently as the Coordina8 tors for Democracy Programs, and as Coordinators 

9 shall— 

10 (1) coordinate democracy policy and programs 

11 across relevant Federal agencies, at diplomatic facili12 ties abroad, and with the NED regarding the safety, 

13 efficacy, and best practices of democracy programs 

14 abroad; 

15 (2) engage international partners, including for16 eign governments, civil society, and democracy activ17 ists, in addressing the advancement of democracy 

18 abroad; and 

19 (3) serve as the primary United States rep20 resentatives at international fora on matters relating 

21 to democracy programs. 

22 SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

23 (a) DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS.—There are authorized 

24 to be appropriated for democracy programs in each of fis25 cal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026, to remain 


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1 available until expended, $3,000,000,000, including for 

2 new Presidential initiatives regarding democracy pro3 motion abroad. 

4 (b) ADMINISTRATION OF DEPARTMENT OF STATE

5 DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS.—Of the funds authorized to be 

6 appropriated by this section that are made available for 

7 the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of 

8 the Department of State, up to 15 percent may be made 

9 available for the administration of democracy programs by 

10 such Bureau in each of fiscal years 2022, 2023, 2024, 

11 2025, and 2026, including for the hiring of additional per12 sonnel following consultation with the appropriate con13 gressional committees. Such funds are in addition to funds 

14 otherwise made available for such purposes. 

15 (c) ADMINISTRATION OF USAID DEMOCRACY PRO16 GRAMS.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 

17 this section that are made available for the Bureau for 

18 Development, Democracy, and Innovation, USAID, up to 

19 15 percent may be made available for the administration 

20 of democracy programs by such Bureau in each of fiscal 

21 years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026, including for 

22 the hiring of additional personnel following consultation 

23 with the appropriate congressional committees. Such 

24 funds are in addition to funds otherwise made available 

25 for such purposes. 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘Madeleine K. Albright Democracy in the 21st Century 

4 Act’’. 

5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

6 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

Sec. 3. Program prioritization and democracy strategy. 

Sec. 4. Authorities and limitation. 

Sec. 5. Establishment of the Democracy in the 21st Century Fund. 

Sec. 6. Roles and responsibilities. 

Sec. 7. Authorization of appropriations. 

7 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

8 In this Act: 

9 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT10 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit11 tees’’ means— 

12 (A) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

13 Senate; 

14 (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 

15 the Senate; 

16 (C) the Committee on Appropriations of the 

17 House of Representatives; and 

18 (D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

19 House of Representatives. 

20 (2) CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS.—The term 

21 ‘‘civil and political rights’’ means the equal and in22 alienable rights of all members of the human family 


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1 as provided for in the International Covenant on 

2 Civil and Political Rights, done in New York Decem3 ber 16, 1966. 

4 (3) DEMOCRACY PROGRAMS.—For purposes of 

5 funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act, the 

6 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et 

7 seq.), or appropriated under any Act making appro8 priations for the Department of State, foreign oper9 ations, and related programs, the term ‘‘democracy 

10 programs’’ means programs that, consistent with sec11 tion 133(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

12 U.S.C. 2152c(b)) and the International Covenant on 

13 Civil and Political Rights, done at New York Decem14 ber 16, 1966, support— 

15 (A) good governance; 

16 (B) credible and competitive elections; 

17 (C) freedom of expression, association, as18 sembly, and religion; 

19 (D) human rights, labor rights, independent 

20 media, and the rule of law; and 

21 (E) otherwise strengthen the capacity of 

22 democratic political parties, governments, non23 governmental organizations and institutions, 

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1 cratic states and institutions that are responsive 

2 and accountable to citizens. 

3 (4) NED.—The term ‘‘NED’’ means the Na4 tional Endowment for Democracy. 

5 (5) RELEVANT FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS AND

6 AGENCIES.—The term ‘‘relevant Federal departments 

7 and agencies’’ means— 

8 (A) the Department of State; 

9 (B) the United States Agency for Inter10 national Development; and 

11 (C) other Federal agencies that the Presi12 dent determines are relevant for purposes of this 

13 Act. 

14 (6) USAID.—The term ‘‘USAID’’ means the 

15 United States Agency for International Development. 

16 SEC. 3. PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION AND DEMOCRACY 

17 STRATEGY. 

18 (a) PROGRAM PRIORITIZATION .—As the global leader 

19 in promoting and advancing democratic principles, the 

20 United States Government should prioritize democracy pro21 grams that— 

22 (1) align and are coordinated with diplomatic 

23 and security strategies for a given country or region; 

24 (2) advance democracy worldwide, including 

25 during a country’s transition to democracy and the 


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1 consolidation of democracy following such a transi2 tion, and address democratic backsliding in a coun3 try; 

4 (3) support democracy and democratic voices in 

5 closed and repressive societies, including those defend6 ing the exercise of civil and political rights; 

7 (4) counter the malign influence of the People’s 

8 Republic of China, the Russian Federation, and other 

9 authoritarian governments; 

10 (5) counter corruption and kleptocracy, includ11 ing by enhancing transparent, accountable, and re12 sponsive governance; 

13 (6) promote and protect independent media, civil 

14 society activists, writers, artists, and intellectuals; 

15 (7) counter misinformation and disinformation, 

16 but especially in the digital domain; 

17 (8) counter authoritarian abuse of technology, 

18 and prevent manipulation—especially through digital 

19 means—of elections, electoral data, and critical elec20 toral infrastructure; 

21 (9) combat digital authoritarianism, including 

22 the use of the internet and other digital technologies 

23 to restrict the exercise of civil and political rights; 


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1 (10) promote internet freedom and the use of 

2 technology that furthers democracy and the exercise of 

3 civil and political rights; 

4 (11) counter transnational repression and the 

5 extra-territorial extension of repressive measures, as 

6 well as the increasing use of arbitrary detention; 

7 (12) respond rapidly to democratic openings or 

8 backsliding, and adapt to evolving dynamics on the 

9 ground; 

10 (13) promote civic education, voter education, 

11 and enhanced citizen participation in democratic 

12 processes; 

13 (14) protect the civil and political rights of reli14 gious and ethnic minorities; 

15 (15) seek to ensure the integrity of elections 

16 abroad; and 

17 (16) establish and promote democracy partner18 ships to maximize support to a country where a 

19 democratic opening is underway or the respective gov20 ernment is a genuine partner for democratic reform. 

21 (b) STRATEGY.—Not later than 120 days after the date 

22 of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to 

23 Congress a comprehensive strategy to promote democracy 

24 abroad that is informed by extensive consultations with the 

25 local actors impacted by such programs. The strategy shall 


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1 encompass a whole of government approach to such efforts, 

2 and include detailed information on funding, goals and ob3 jectives, and oversight. 

4 SEC. 4. AUTHORITIES AND LIMITATION. 

5 (a) BENEFICIARIES.—Funds that are made available 

6 by this Act for the National Endowment for Democracy are 

7 made available pursuant to the authority of the National 

8 Endowment for Democracy Act (title V of Public Law 98– 

9 164), including all decisions regarding the selection of bene10 ficiaries. 

11 (b) RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN GOVERNMENT INTER12 FERENCE.— 

13 (1) PRIOR APPROVAL.—With respect to the pro14 vision of assistance for democracy programs by rel15 evant Federal departments and agencies, the organi16 zations implementing such assistance, the specific na17 ture of that assistance, and the participants in such 

18 programs shall not be subject to the prior approval by 

19 the government of any foreign country. 

20 (2) DISCLOSURE OF IMPLEMENTING PARTNER IN21 FORMATION.—If the Secretary of State, in consulta22 tion with the Administrator of the United States 

23 Agency for International Development, determines 

24 that the government of a country is undemocratic or 

25 has engaged in gross violations of civil and political 


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1 rights, any new bilateral agreement governing the 

2 terms and conditions under which assistance is pro3 vided to such a country shall not require the disclo4 sure of the names of implementing partners of democ5 racy programs, and the Secretary of State and the 

6 USAID Administrator shall expeditiously seek to ne7 gotiate amendments to existing bilateral agreements, 

8 as necessary, to conform to this requirement. 

9 (3) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary 

10 of State, in coordination with the USAID Adminis11 trator, shall submit a report to the appropriate con12 gressional committees, not later than 180 days after 

13 the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 

14 thereafter until September 30, 2026, detailing steps 

15 taken by the Department of State and USAID to 

16 comply with the requirements of this subsection. 

17 (c) PROTECTING IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—Where it is determined by the 

19 Secretary of State, in consultation with the USAID 

20 Administrator, or the NED President, as appropriate, 

21 that a country is undemocratic or has engaged in 

22 gross violations of civil and political rights, the 

23 names of implementing persons and organizations of 

24 democracy activities and programs supported by the 

25 Department of State, USAID, or NED shall not be reVerDate Sep 11 2014 00:16 Jul 22, 2022 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6203 E:\BILLS\S3317.RS S3317

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1 quired under section 552 of title 5, United States 

2 Code (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Freedom of Infor3 mation Act’’). 

4 (2) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 

5 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 

6 the NED President shall submit a report to the ap7 propriate committees on the uses of the authority pro8 vided in paragraph (1) on a case-by-case basis, which 

9 shall be updated every 180 days thereafter. 

10 (d) INFORMATION SHARING.—The Secretary of State 

11 and the USAID Administrator shall regularly inform the 

12 NED President of democracy programs that are planned 

13 and supported by such agencies, and the NED President 

14 shall regularly inform such Secretary and Administrator 

15 of programs that are planned and supported by the NED, 

16 consistent with the requirements of section 505(b) of the Na17 tional Endowment for Democracy Act (22 U.S.C. 4414(b)). 

18 (e) DIGITAL SECURITY.—Democracy programs sup19 ported by funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to 

20 section 7 should include a component on digital security 

21 to enhance the security and safety of implementers and 

22 beneficiaries, including, as appropriate, assistance for civil 

23 society organizations to counter government surveillance, 

24 censorship, and repression by digital means. 


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1 (f) AUDITS.—Section 504(g) of the National Endow2 ment for Democracy Act (22 U.S.C. 4413(g)) is amended 

3 by striking ‘‘United States Information Agency’’ and in4 serting ‘‘Department of State Office of Inspector General’’. 

5 SEC. 5. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEMOCRACY IN THE 21ST 

6 CENTURY FUND. 

7 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 

8 Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the 

9 ‘‘Democracy in the 21st Century Fund’’ (in this subsection 

10 referred to as ‘‘the Fund’’), to be administered by the Sec11 retary of State, following consultation with the Adminis12 trator of the United States Agency for International Devel13 opment and the appropriate congressional committees, con14 sisting of amounts authorized to be appropriated by section 

15 7, to advance the comprehensive strategy under section 3, 

16 including the programs of the Department of State, USAID, 

17 and the National Endowment for Democracy described in 

18 subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e). 

19 (b) DEFENDING DEMOCRACY GLOBALLY.—The Sec20 retary of State, in coordination with the USAID Adminis21 trator and in consultation with the appropriate congres22 sional committees, shall establish a program to defend de23 mocracy globally by— 


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1 (1) strengthening and enhancing the Department 

2 of State and USAID’s ability to respond quickly and 

3 flexibly to democratic openings and backsliding; 

4 (2) assisting fledgling or struggling democracies 

5 deliver services and meet expectations for their popu6 lations, in consultation and coordination with the 

7 governments of such democracies, in order to further 

8 reforms and strategies identified by such governments 

9 through consultation with respective civil societies; 

10 (3) supporting, in cooperation with other inter11 national donors and in consultation with nongovern12 mental organizations, independent and public interest 

13 media worldwide to help such media resist the over14 lapping challenges of authoritarian encroachment, 

15 threats to their financial viability, and litigation and 

16 regulatory environments meant to undercut their abil17 ity to operate; 

18 (4) centering democratic values and the pro19 motion of civil and political rights in current and 

20 emerging technologies, and countering efforts by au21 thoritarian governments to surveil, censor, or other22 wise repress populations by digital means, including 

23 through programs that— 

24 (A) counter disinformation; 


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1 (B) establish an initiative to help countries 

2 around the world implement governing regula3 tions for the procurement and use of technology 

4 consistent with civil and political rights; 

5 (C) provide ‘‘digital public goods’’ to reduce 

6 the appeal of authoritarian-leaning technologies 

7 to cash strapped countries; 

8 (D) provide education on digital literacy to 

9 key populations; and 

10 (E) support the ongoing prioritization of 

11 democratic values in technological development 

12 in the years to come; 

13 (5) establishing international coalitions of gov14 ernmental and nongovernmental actors dedicated to 

15 coordinating messaging, technical assistance pro16 gramming, and rules-based governance approaches re17 lated to issues that impact democracy, particularly 

18 coalitions focused on— 

19 (A) preserving election integrity by assist20 ing elections to meet coalition-defined standards 

21 of electoral integrity and deterring or combating 

22 external influence in elections abroad, including 

23 cyber intrusion, disinformation, and other 

24 threats; and 


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1 (B) protecting supply chains from being 

2 tainted by the products of forced labor; and 

3 (6) supporting human rights defenders, democ4 racy advocates at risk, writers, artists, and others 

5 who were forced to flee repression in their home coun6 tries so that they can safely continue their activism 

7 in exile. 

8 (c) COMBATING CORRUPTION AND KLEPTOCRACY.— 

9 The Secretary of State, in coordination with the USAID 

10 Administrator and in consultation with the appropriate 

11 congressional committees, shall establish a program to sup12 port efforts by foreign governments, civil society, and the 

13 private sector to combat corruption and kleptocracy abroad, 

14 including through efforts that— 

15 (1) enhance government transparency, account16 ability, and responsiveness across relevant sectors; 

17 (2) improve detection and exposure of corruption 

18 crimes, including those that cross borders, improve 

19 citizen oversight and advocacy, protect free expression 

20 and civic activism, and bolster investigative jour21 nalism and media independence; 

22 (3) expand investigations and prosecutions of 

23 corrupt acts and hold corrupt actors accountable, and 

24 assist in the adoption and implementation of 


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1 anticorruption preventive measures and promotion of 

2 good governance and public administration; 

3 (4) build effective, impartial judiciaries; 

4 (5) address corruption in key sectors, whether at 

5 the level of delivery of services to citizens, important 

6 governmental processes such as procurement, or pri7 ority economic sectors; 

8 (6) strengthen democratic norms and standards 

9 at the local, national, regional, and international lev10 els; 

11 (7) augment cooperation with the private sector 

12 and key industries to root out corruption that harms 

13 competitiveness, economic growth, and development 

14 and taints critical supply chains; 

15 (8) strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration among 

16 nongovernmental organizations essential to combat17 ting well-resourced transnational kleptocratic net18 works; 

19 (9) address corrosive capital and the strategic 

20 use of corruption by authoritarian states to under21 mine democracy and good governance; 

22 (10) provide essential skills and resources to civil 

23 society and media to counter corruption and address 

24 the weak governance and poor human rights condi25 tions that cultivate corruption; and 


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1 (11) foster public demand for accountable and 

2 transparent government. 

3 (d) DEMOCRACY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The 

4 Secretary of State, in consultation with the USAID Admin5 istrator and in consultation with the appropriate congres6 sional committees, shall establish a program for democracy 

7 research and development that— 

8 (1) supports research and development by the 

9 Department of State, USAID, and the NED on poli10 cies, programs, and technologies relating to democracy 

11 programs; 

12 (2) drives innovation within those entities re13 garding the response to complex, multidimensional 

14 challenges to democracy, including combatting 

15 transnational kleptocracy, mitigating hyper-polariza16 tion, countering malign authoritarian influence, and 

17 leveraging emerging technology for democracy; 

18 (3) incentivizes collaboration among government, 

19 nongovernmental organizations, and the private sec20 tor with the objective of identifying and mitigating 

21 threats to global democracy; and 

22 (4) identifies lessons learned and best practices 

23 for democracy programs and diplomatic approaches 

24 to create feedback loops and shape future evidence25 based programming and diplomacy. 


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1 (e) FELLOWSHIPS FOR DEMOCRACY ADVOCATES AT

2 RISK.—The NED is authorized to expand the Reagan-Fas3 cell Democracy Fellows Program to provide additional fel4 lowships, including in partnership with other institutions 

5 and organizations, to support democracy advocates at risk. 

6 (f) LEVERAGING.—Pursuant to sections 607 and 632 

7 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 17 U.S.C. 2357, 

8 2392), and after consultation with the appropriate congres9 sional committees, the Secretary of State is authorized to 

10 establish mechanisms under the Fund to partner with other 

11 donors and private sector partners to carry out the purposes 

12 of this section. 

13 (g) FUNDING TRANSPARENCY.—Concurrent with the 

14 submission of the report required by section 653(a) of the 

15 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2413(a)), the 

16 Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congres17 sional committees a detailed accounting of any funds pro18 grammed pursuant to the authorities under subsection (f) 

19 during the prior fiscal year. 

20 (h) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than 15 

21 days prior to the obligation of funds authorized to be appro22 priated for the Fund and the programs established under 

23 this section, the Secretary of State and the USAID Admin24 istrator, as appropriate, shall notify the appropriate con25 gressional committees of the intended uses of such funds. 


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1 (i) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 60 

2 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annu3 ally thereafter through fiscal year 2027, the Secretary of 

4 State, the USAID Administrator, and the NED President, 

5 as appropriate, shall submit reports to the appropriate con6 gressional committees detailing the uses of funds made 

7 available to the Fund pursuant to this Act. 

8 SEC. 6. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. 

9 Funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to sec10 tion 7 should be made available as follows, consistent with 

11 the overall strategic direction and capabilities of the De12 partment of State and the United States Agency for Inter13 national Development: 

14 (1) For the Department of State, such funds 

15 should be the responsibility of the Assistant Secretary 

16 of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 

17 except for funds provided to the NED. Such funds 

18 shall be made available as grants and should have as 

19 their primary purpose democracy programs that are 

20 incorporated into a larger diplomatic strategy and 

21 are flexible, innovative, and responsive to— 

22 (A) current human rights abuses and de23 mocracy deficiencies as documented in the an24 nual Country Report on Human Rights Prac25 tices required by sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of 


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1 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

2 2151n(d), 2304(b)); and 

3 (B) emerging opportunities and sudden cri4 ses. 

5 (2) For USAID, such funds should have as their 

6 primary purpose flexible, innovative, and responsive 

7 democracy programs that are development-oriented, 

8 often coordinated through a Country Development Co9 operation Strategy, and conducted in countries where 

10 a USAID Mission is present or a where a USAID 

11 Mission in a neighboring country can manage and 

12 oversee such programs effectively. Such programs 

13 should, as appropriate, build enduring local capacity, 

14 incorporate democracy programming into a larger de15 velopment and diplomatic strategy, and emphasize 

16 participatory and locally led programs when possible. 

17 Funds made available for civil society and political 

18 competition and consensus building programs abroad 

19 shall be provided in a manner that recognizes the ben20 efits of grants and cooperative agreements in imple21 menting such programs. 

22 (3) In cases where both the Department of State 

23 and USAID are able to respond to emerging opportu24 nities and sudden crises, including in closed and re25 pressive societies, the Secretary of State and the 


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1 USAID Administrator shall coordinate their respec2 tive programs, including at the country level, to en3 sure complementarity and prevent waste or redun4 dancy. 

5 SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

6 (a) PROGRAMS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be ap8 propriated for the democracy programs of the Depart9 ment of State and the United States Agency for Inter10 national Development in each of fiscal years 2023 

11 through 2027, $2,900,000,000, to remain available 

12 until expended. 

13 (2) DEMOCRACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY FUND.— 

14 Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by para15 graph (1), the following amounts are authorized to be 

16 appropriated in each of fiscal years 2023 through 

17 2027 for the Democracy in the 21st Century Fund es18 tablished under section 5: 

19 (A) $20,000,000 in each such fiscal year is 

20 authorized to be appropriated for the Defending 

21 Democracy Globally program under section 5(b), 

22 of which not more than $10,000,000 may be ad23 ministered by the USAID Administrator. 

24 (B) $50,000,000 in each such fiscal year is 

25 authorized to be appropriated for the Combating 


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1 Corruption and Kleptocracy program under sec2 tion 5(c). 

3 (C) $15,000,000 in each such fiscal year is 

4 authorized to be appropriated for the Democracy 

5 Research and Development program under sec6 tion 5(d), which shall be allocated equally be7 tween the Department of State, USAID, and the 

8 National Endowment for Democracy. 

9 (D) $5,000,000 in each such fiscal year is 

10 authorized to be appropriated for the Reagan11 Fascell Democracy Fellows Program for addi12 tional fellowships for democracy advocates at 

13 risk. 

14 (3) DEMOCRACY FUND.— 

15 (A) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds authorized 

16 to be appropriated by paragraph (1), there is 

17 authorized to be appropriated $340,700,000 for 

18 each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry 

19 out activities under part 1 and chapter 4 of part 

20 II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

21 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.) and 

22 paragraphs (3) and (5) of section 502(b) of the 

23 National Endowment for Democracy Act (22 

24 U.S.C. 4411(b)), for the promotion of democracy 

25 globally, which shall be made available to the 


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1 Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and 

2 Labor of the Department of State and the Bu3 reau for Development, Democracy, and Innova4 tion of the United States Agency for Inter5 national Development. 

6 (B) ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.—Funds author7 ized to be made available to the National En8 dowment for Democracy and its core institutes 

9 under this paragraph are in addition to 

10 amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated 

11 by this Act for such purposes. 

12 (b) RESTRICTIONS.—Federal funds made available to 

13 any individual, private entity, or any other nonprofit orga14 nization pursuant to this Act shall be subject to the restric15 tions and prohibitions of section 1352 of title 31, United 

16 States Code. 

17 (c) ADMINISTRATION OF DEPARTMENT OF STATE DE18 MOCRACY PROGRAMS.—Of the funds authorized to be appro19 priated by this section that are made available for the Bu20 reau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the De21 partment of State, up to 15 percent may be made available 

22 for the administration of democracy programs by such Bu23 reau in each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, including 

24 for the hiring of additional personnel following consultation 

25 with the appropriate congressional committees. Such funds 


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1 are in addition to funds otherwise made available for such 

2 purposes. 

3 (d) ADMINISTRATION OF USAID DEMOCRACY PRO4 GRAMS.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this 

5 section that are made available for USAID, up to 15 per6 cent may be made available for the administration of de7 mocracy programs by the agency in each of fiscal years 

8 2023 through 2027, including for the hiring of additional 

9 personnel following consultation with the appropriate con10 gressional committees. Such funds are in addition to funds 

11 otherwise made available for such purposes. 

12 (e) NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY.—In ad13 dition to amounts authorized to be appropriated under sub14 section (a), there are authorized to be appropriated for NED 

15 $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, $350,000,000 for fiscal 

16 year 2024, $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, $400,000,000 

17 for fiscal year 2026, and $425,000,000 for fiscal year 2027, 

18 including amounts to be allocated in the traditional and 

19 customary manner, to counter transnational threats to de20 mocracy, as well as to support and sustain democratic 

21 growth abroad, consistent with section 503 of the National 

22 Endowment for Democracy Act (22 U.S.C. 4412). 


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Calendar No. 456 

117TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 3317 

A BILL 

To strengthen United States national security 

around the world, and for other purposes. address contemporary threats to democracy through the defense of democracy abroad and to 

JULY 21, 2022 

Reported with an amendment 


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