#### W. E. HARRIS, C. E. LENDERMAN, R. R. REINS, JOE R. BARBER, and L. B. DULA, Composing the Mayor and BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF THE TOWN OF WILKESBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, v. T. S. MILLER, Registrar, FRED HENDERSON and WILLIAM O. JOHNSON, Judges of the Town Election, R. M. BRAME, JR., Chairman, JOE M. PEARSON and J. C. GRAYSON, Composing THE COUNTY BOARD OF ELECTIONS FOR WILKES COUNTY.

(Filed 20 November, 1935.)

1. Appeal and Error J f — In injunctive proceedings the Supreme Court may review findings of fact of the court helow.

It will be presumed on appeal that the lower court found facts sufficient to support his judgment when there are no findings of fact and no request therefor, but in injunctive proceedings the Supreme Court may review the evidence, and where presumptive findings sufficient to support the judgment cannot be approved upon the record, the judgment of the lower court will be reversed upon error assigned and shown.

a. Elections I c — Upon facts appearing of record in this case it is held that purported election was invalid.

Where, in injunctive proceedings involving the validity of an election, it appears from the record on appeal that the ballots cast had been adjudged illegal, that legal ballots were denied those who presented themselves to vote, that many registered voters who came to the polling place to vote were denied the privilege of voting, and that the polls were open for voting less than two hours, the judgment dissolving the temporary restraining order entered in the cause and directing the canvassing of the ballots and the declaration of the results *of the*election will be reversed, since upon the facts appearing of record no valid election had been held.

Devin, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

Appeal by tbe plaintiffs from *Clement, J.,*at June Term, 1935, of WilKes.

Reversed.

*747This was an action, brought by tbe plaintiffs, who were tbe mayor and aldermen of tbe town of Wilkesboro, against tbe defendants, wbo were tbe registrar and judges of tbe town election and tbe members of tbe county board of elections of Wilkes County, to restrain and enjoin tbe use by tbe defendants, in tbe election of a mayor and aldermen of Wilkesboro on 7 May, 1935, of ballots prepared by tbe county board of elections and bearing tbe facsimile signature of R. M. Brame, Jr., chairman. Tbe plaintiffs were candidates for reflection and contended that tbe proper ballots to be used in tbe municipal election on 7 May, 1935, were those prepared by them and bearing tbe facsimile signature of O. F. Blevins, town clerk.

Tbe defendants contend that tbe ballots bearing tbe facsimile signature of Brame (hereinafter called tbe Brame ballots) were prepared in accord with chapter 108, Public Laws 1931, under which municipal elections in Wilkes County are held, and were therefore tbe proper ballots to be used; and tbe plaintiffs contend that tbe ballots bearing tbe facsimile signature of Blevins (hereinafter called tbe Blevins ballots) were prepared in accord with chapter 164, Public Laws 1929 (General Elections Law), and were tbe proper ballots to be used. On tbe Blevins ballots tbe names of tbe candidates on each platform were grouped and so arranged as to enable tbe voters to vote for a group, or “straight ticket,” by making a single cross-mark in a circle at the bead of tbe ballot; and on tbe Brame ballots tbe names of tbe candidates were so intermingled as to require tbe voters to mark each individual candidate for whom they desired to vote.

Tbe cause came on to be beard before Daniels, J., on 6 May, and be issued a temporary order restraining tbe use of any other than tbe Blevins ballots; and at 11 a.m., 7 May, 1935, after answer bad been filed by tbe defendants, and after argument bad been presented for both plaintiffs and defendants, Daniels, J., made bis temporary order permanent, adjudging, *inter alia:*“As to tbe voting of any other ticket other than tbe official ballot prepared by tbe board of aldermen and bearing tbe facsimile of tbe town clerk, to wit: O. F. Blevins, tbe injunction is made permanent, and tbe defendants, their agents, employers, and attorney, are enjoined and restrained from using any other ballot.”

Notwithstanding tbe two foregoing orders of Daniels, J., 57 of tbe Brame ballots were allowed to be cast, and notwithstanding 800 of tbe Blevins ballots were furnished to tbe defendants, they failed or refused to make them available at tbe polls. There were approximately 400 voters registered for tbe election, and no ballots were east other than tbe aforesaid 57 Bramé ballots. Tbe polls were opened for voting between eleven and twelve o’clock and remained open less than two hours. In tbe afternoon of 7 May, 1935, Daniels, J., after finding that citizens of Wilkes-*748boro entitled to vote bad been deprived of their privilege, and that all votes east had been east with illegal ballots, restrained the defendants from canvassing and reporting any election returns, “or signing same from ballots cast which bore the facsimile signature of E. M. Brame, Jr., chairman of the Wilkes County board of elections, instead of O. E. Blevins, town clerk,” and directed the sheriff of Wilkes County “to seize the ballot boxes, containing the illegal ballots cast,” together with the poll books, and to seal and turn the same over to the clerk of the Superior Court; and further ordered the defendants to *appear*before him on 8 May to show cause, if any they had, why his order should not be made permanent.

On Friday, 10 May, Daniels, J., on his own motion on account of his own physical exhaustion, “set this cause to be heard before the judge holding the June Term of Wilkes Superior Court, commencing on 3 June, 1935, to be heard on 4 June, 1935, at two o’clock p.m., in the court room in Wilkesboro.”

The defendants objected and excepted to the several orders of Daniels, J., and gave notice of appeal to the Supreme Court, but never perfected any appeal.

The cause came on to be heard before Judge Clement, the judge holding the courts of the 17th Judicial District, at the regular June Term, 1935, of Wilkes County Superior Court, and he dissolved the order of Daniels, J., impounding the ballot boxes and poll books, and ordered the same returned to the defendants Miller, Henderson, and Johnson, registrar and judges of the election, respectively, and authorized and directed them to canvass the ballots and declare the result of the election. To this judgment of Clement, J., the plaintiffs objected and excepted, and appealed to the Supreme Court, assigning errors.

*Chas. G. Gilreath, J. M. Brown, Trivette & Holshouser, F. J. Mc-Duffie, cmd H. A. Cranor for plaintiffs, appellees.*

*Fred 8. Hutchins, H. Bryce Parker, and J. H. Whicker for defendants, appellants.*

SciiENCK, J.

The appellants’ assignments of error assail the judgment of Clement, J., for that (1) the ballots which it authorized and directed to be canvassed were illegal and void, and (2) that said ballots were cast in contempt of court, and (3) for that the election officials failed to furnish valid ballots, and (4) that no legal ballots were cast, and those who presented themselves to vote were denied legal ballots, and (5) that the election officials closed the polls shortly after midday and left the polling place.

*749His Honor found no facts, and it does not appear from the record that he was requested so to do. There would, therefore, be a presumption that he found the facts to be as alleged in the answer, since he entered judgment in favor of the defendants. However, in injunction proceedings, this Court has the power to review on appeal the findings of fact by the court below, when the appellant has assigned and shown error. *Scott v. Gillis,*197 N. C., 223. *Clark, C. J.,*in *Peters v. Highway Commission,*184 N. C., 30, says: “In injunction proceedings we can review the evidence.”

While we at all times desire to give due weight and consideration to the findings of fact of the judge of the Superior Court, and hesitate in this ease to depart from the facts presumed to have been, but not actually, so found, our understanding of the facts as gleaned from the record, more especially from the orders of Daniels, J., from which no appeal was perfected, precludes our approval of such findings as will support the judgment entered. It appears that 57 ballots adjudged to be illegal were cast, that no other ballots were cast, and that legal ballots were denied those who presented themselves to vote, and that many of the 400 registered voters who came to the polling place were denied the privilege of voting, and that the polls were open for voting less than two hours. Under these, and other circumstances that appear from the record, we think it was error to authorize and direct the canvassing of the ballots and the declaring of the results of the election.

We hold there was no valid election, and that the judgment of the Superior Court should be reversed.

Reversed.

Devin, J., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.