# Patent

## Title
Global inventory warehouse

## Abstract

Building and maintaining an accurate and up-to-date global inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets deployed throughout an organization is described. A global inventory warehouse (GIW) receives an identification and physical location of these assets from multiple source systems. Some of these source systems contain information pertaining to the assets that has been manually entered into the source system by a human administrator. Other source systems, meanwhile, contain information that has been automatically collected by the source systems without human intervention. The GIW receives this information from the source systems and stores it within a GIW database. The GIW database may thus contain a global inventory of all or nearly all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization. This database may also contain an identification of physical locations within the organization of all or substantially all of these assets.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates to building, maintaining, and managing an inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization.
BACKGROUND
In the wake of recent disasters—both natural and man-made—business continuity planning has become increasingly important to many organizations. Disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, tornadoes, terrorist attacks, prolonged power outages, and the like can cause significant disruptions to an organization. Business continuity planning (or BCP) is a methodology used to create a plan for how an organization will resume partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or disruption. BCP was used in many industries to anticipate and handle potential computing problems introduced by crossing into the new millennium in 2000, a situation generally known as the Y2k problem. Regulatory agencies subsequently required certain important industries—power, telecommunication, health, and financial—to formalize BCP manuals to protect the public. Those new regulations are often based on the formalized standards defined under ISO/IEC 17799 or BS 7799.
Although business focus on BCP arguably waned somewhat following the Y2K transition (mainly due to its success), the lack of interest unequivocally ended on Sep. 11, 2001, when simultaneous terrorist attacks devastated lower New York City. Many critical functions for many different organizations were lost and not restored for sometime. This tragic event changed the worst case scenario paradigm for business continuity planning.
Today, BCP may be a part of a larger organizational effort to reduce operational risk associated with poor information security controls, and thus has a number of overlaps with the practice of risk management. However, the scope of BCP extends beyond information security only. Part of good business continuity planning includes an accurate accounting of computing assets and resources that an organization possesses. Many organizations track their hardware assets by manually placing bar code labels on computers, monitors, etc. and then scanning those labels to create an electronic record of the assets. Unfortunately, over time, this data becomes stale as computers and monitors are moved or replaced, and applications are updated, deleted, or changed out. Moreover, the process of collecting the information initially is manually intensive and prone to inaccuracies.
Accordingly, there remains a need for improved techniques in building and maintaining a current and accurate inventory of computing resources within an organization.
SUMMARY
Building and maintaining an accurate and up-to-date global inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets deployed throughout an organization is described. In one aspect, a global inventory warehouse receives an identification and physical location of these assets from multiple source systems. Some of these source systems contain information pertaining to the assets that has been manually entered into the source system by a human administrator. Other source systems, meanwhile, contain information pertaining to the assets that has been automatically collected by the source systems without human intervention. The global inventory warehouse receives this information from the source systems and stores it within a global inventory warehouse database. The global inventory warehouse database may thus contain a global inventory of all or nearly all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization. This database may also contain an identification of physical locations within the organization of all or substantially all of these assets.
In another aspect, the global inventory warehouse facilitates management of the global inventory. A user can query, for example, the global inventory stored within the global inventory warehouse database to identify certain assets that satisfy the search criteria. As one example, the user may submit a request to identify what hardware, software, or telecommunications assets currently reside in a particular physical location of the organization. This type of knowledge allows the organization to respond quickly in the event of disaster or disruption and restore the functionality of any affected assets.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTENTS
The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The use of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similar or identical items.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment in which an architecture for building, maintaining, and managing an inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization may be implemented.
FIGS. 2-3 show renderings of an exemplary user interface to manage a portfolio of applications in an inventory of applications and related assets. In FIG. 2, the UI facilitates entry of search criteria for applications distributed throughout the organization. In FIG. 3, the UI presents a listing of applications satisfying the submitted search criteria.
FIG. 4 illustrates one exemplary implementation of the architecture for building, maintaining, and managing an inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets and data flow among various systems and processes in the architecture.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of an application directory implemented on a computing system.
FIG. 6 is a rendering of an example home page for the application directory.
FIGS. 7-11 show a series of renderings of example interfaces to facilitate an automated and systematic registration process for registering applications being deployed in the organization.
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process for registering an application with the application directory.
FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of a global inventory warehouse (GIW) implemented on a computing system.
FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary process for receiving a batch of data records from a source system and storing the batch in a GIW database.
FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of an exemplary process for managing the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets in the architecture of FIG. 4.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This disclosure is directed to techniques for constructing, maintaining, and managing an inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization. The inventory may also identify applications, which are logical sets of resources including computing devices, software programs, and/or telecommunications devices that perform a specific business function. The techniques include a streamlined process for developers and managers to register applications through use of automated discovery processes for servers and locations. Also, various forms of inventory management and reporting of applications and deployments are supported. Data integrity is ensured and managed through a reconciliation process.
As a result, the inventory is kept accurate and up to date. This provides a robust information source for many different planning purposes. For instance, with such an inventory, authorized personnel can ascertain at any given time what assets are available where. In an event that a disruption impacts performance at a specific location (e.g., natural disaster, terrorist attack, etc.), members of the business continuity planning (BCP) team can quickly determine what assets are impacted and rebuild that capability at another location.
For discussion purposes, the techniques will be described in the context of an exemplary environment shown in FIG. 1. However, the techniques may be used in other environments, and be implemented using different architectures than those shown in the exemplary environment discussed below.
Exemplary Environment
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment 100 in which an architecture for building, maintaining, and managing an inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization may be implemented. In the illustrated environment 100, the organization is a global organization with resources spread worldwide, as represented by various locations around a globe 102. The architecture enables the global organization to have knowledge of these distributed assets in the event portions of the organization experience unexpected events, such as natural disasters or human acts of terrorism, theft, arson, and so forth. Software assets include applications, each of which is a logical set of resources that perform a specific business function. The resources may include computing devices, software programs, telecommunications devices, and/or any other assets or processes that together perform the business function.
By maintaining a current inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets, the architecture allows authorized personnel to find answers to many interesting and diverse questions. Of particular interest is the question of what technology is currently implemented at certain physical locations of the organization, and if something were to happen to that location, what is needed to rebuild its functionality.
To illustrate the usefulness of such an architecture, consider the environment 100 of FIG. 1 where a member of a business continuity planning (BCP) group resides in New York City. The BCP member uses a computing device 104 (e.g., a desktop PC, laptop, PDA, cell phone, etc.) to find out what hardware resources, software applications, or telecommunications devices exist at a facility in Hong Kong. The computing device 104 executes a browser or other program 108 to access remote servers over a network (not shown) to access the inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets and ascertain which are located in the facility in Hong Kong. Although not shown, the network might be any number or combination of different networks, including proprietary data networks, the Internet, wireless networks, satellite networks, and the like.
Among the remote servers are one or more application directory servers 110(1), . . . 110(M) that may reside, for example, in a different location (e.g., London) and one or more global inventory warehouse (GIW) servers 112(1), . . . , 112N) that may reside in still another location (e.g., San Francisco). It is noted that these locations are merely illustrative, as the servers may be co-located at the same location or located in any number of places throughout the world. Furthermore, these servers may be implemented in any number of ways, including as networked servers (perhaps arranged as a server farm), a mainframe computer, or other types of computerized systems.
An application directory program 120 is installed and executed on the servers 110(1)-(M). The application directory 120 maintains an inventory of applications deployed through the organization. The application directory 120 also provides a streamlined process for developers and managers to register applications through use of automated discovery processes that systematically gather various types of data about the applications, such as servers, locations, deployment details, and so on. The application directory 120 is described below in more detail with reference to FIGS. 5-12.
A global inventory warehouse (GIW) 122 includes a GIW database 142 and is serviced by the GIW servers 112(1)-N). The GIW 122 serves as a repository of data feeds from reconciliation and authoritative sources for the purposes of building a consolidated inventory of the organization's hardware, software, and telecommunications assets. The GIW 122 receives data from many different sources and maintains a history of the data. Further, the GIW 122 supports reporting of the information in many different views and formats. It is further noted that although the GIW 122 is shown as residing in one location (e.g., San Francisco), the GIW 122 may be distributed over multiple geographic locations and/or replicated in multiple different places to protect against single site failures.
The application directory 120 is one of the data sources for the GIW 122. When a developer registers a new application using the application directory 120, that information is first stored in an inventory database maintained by the application directory 120 and then fed to the GIW 122 for storage and organization. Authorized users (e.g., BCP members, developers, managers, etc.) can access the information in application directory 120 and GIW 122 anytime using a Web-based tool, such as the browser 108. FIGS. 13-14 and their corresponding text describe the GIW 122 in more detail.
Continuing with our earlier scenario, suppose a user in the organization's New York office wants to know what technology is on the 36th floor of a building in Hong Kong. In FIG. 1, the organization's facility in Hong Kong is represented by a building 124. A portion of the 36th floor is shown as a collection of cubicle workspaces 126. Using computing device 104, the user can submit a request via a browser 108 for a listing of all technology housed on the 36th floor of building 124 in Hong Kong.
FIG. 2 shows an exemplary user interface (UI) 200 rendered on the browser 108 to facilitate a search of applications in the application inventory. In this example, the user may enter different search criteria into a search pane 202 selected by an “enter filter criteria” tab 204. The search criteria may be predefined or responsive to keyword strings entered by the user. In FIG. 2, the search pane 202 provides multiple predefined search criteria, with some predetermined values made available in pull down menus. Among the search criteria are a tier 206 that defines the criticality of the application, a location 208 at which the technology is deployed, a division 210 that uses the technology, a category 212 to which the application belongs, and an owner 214 who is responsible for the business area, development, or operations related to an application. In this particular example, the user in interested in technology in Hong Kong, so she selects Hong Kong for the location search criterion 208. Once the user selects the appropriate criteria, she may click or otherwise actuate the “Find” button 216 to submit a search query to the application directory 120 (or GIW 122).
In some implementations, the UI may facilitate entry of additional information to provide varying levels of granularity in the search. For instance, in response to the user entering the location “Hong Kong”, the UI might return another pane seeking further selection criteria, such as a listing of possible buildings in Hong Kong, the floors in those buildings leased by the organizations, and even workspaces on the floors. It is further noted that other UI techniques may be employed to facilitate entry of criteria for the search request. For instance, the UI might allow the user to enter keyword phrases of one or more keywords (e.g., “Hong Kong computer software), or type in queries in the form of questions (e.g., “What software is installed on the computers in Hong Kong?”).
With reference again to FIG. 1, the application directory servers 110(1)-110(M) receive the request from the computing device 104 and search the directory 120 for the requested information. Once found, the servers 110 format and serve the data to the user's computing device 104 in the form of a webpage report arranged, for example, in terms of hard resources (e.g., computers, keyboards, monitors, computers, network connections, etc.) and soft resources (e.g., applications, drivers, etc.). Of course, the GIW servers 112(1)-(N) may also receive this request and search the GIW 122 for the requested information.
By submitting different search requests, the user may either expand or narrow the search. For instance, the user may ask for a more expansive report of all technology in whole building 124 in Hong Kong. Conversely, the user may drill down farther and ask for information pertaining to a specific cubicle or workspace 128, such as workspace 36-22 (i.e., the 22nd workspace on the 36th floor) shown in FIG. 1. Continuing this latter example, suppose the target workspace includes a desktop computer 130 having a processor 132, a memory 134, and application programs 136(1), . . . , 136(K) stored in the memory. Thus, a report returned to the requesting user computing device 104 in response to a request for technology residing in workspace 36-22 might include a listing of the computer 130 (e.g., box, monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.), processor 132, memory 134, and application programs 136(1), . . . , 136(K). These results may be presented in any configurable format.
FIG. 3 shows a rendering of an exemplary UI 300 with a listing of applications returned from the submitted search criteria. A results pane 302 selected by a “search results” tab 304 shows the various applications located in the search. In this example, in response to location parameter of “Hong Kong”, a listing 306 shows those applications deployed in Hong Kong, including applications ABC and XYZ. The listing 306 may be formatted in any number of ways. Here, the listing 306 includes a tier 308, a name 310 of the technology, a unique application identifier (AID) 312, a division 314 and a location 316 in which the technology is deployed, and an owner 318 of the technology. Notice that each of the applications is in a location 316 of “Hong Kong”.
With reference again to FIG. 1, the architecture shown in environment 100 facilitates this knowledge of where resources are located and who is responsible for them by collecting and maintaining an accurate, up-to-date inventory of applications and corresponding assets. Several tools are provided to ensure reliable collection of such information when the resources are deployed.
One tool to gather information on new applications is a series of interfaces served by the application directory 120 to automate and standardize registration of newly installed applications. For instance, suppose a new application is being installed in Hong Kong, and as part of the application, a software program 140 is installed on computer 130. As part of this installation process, a responsible user (e.g., IT personnel, business owner, computer user, etc.) is tasked with registering the new application. The application directory 120 serves a series of web pages designed to gather information from the user regarding the application name, location, division, business owner, and so forth. The information entered by the user is routed over the network and stored in the application directory 120. From there, the same information (or portions of it) can be fed to the GIW servers 112 for storage in the GIW database 142.
This process is repeated each time an application is installed, upgraded, removed, or replaced on any computing system throughout the organization. Also, similar processes may be employed for hard assets, such as computers, printers, network devices, and so forth. In this manner, the GIW 122 (and more particularly its database 142) maintains an accurate and current inventory of resources distributed throughout the organization. A more detailed discussion of collecting and maintaining this inventory is described below with reference to FIG. 4.
The ability to ascertain what resources are available where, at any given time, is beneficial for many reasons. One benefit is that knowledge of which technologies are deployed at what locations enables improved business continuity in the event of natural or human-instigated disaster. For instance, suppose a natural disaster hits Hong Kong (e.g., a tsunami, monsoon, earthquake, etc.), causing damage to a bond trading operation in Hong Kong (FIG. 1). A member of the BCP group sitting in New York would be able to quickly determine what assets have been adversely impacted and what functionality is missing. The BCP member may then reconstruct the lost resources in another location to bring the bond trading functionality back on line quickly.
Another benefit is that having an up-to-date inventory of technology assets allows for regular and timely upgrades. The architecture maintains an accurate accounting of all computers, their location, all software that is running on those computers, and the business owners that are being supported. When upgrades are scheduled to be deployed, a member of the organization's IT department can schedule the assets at various locations for software and hardware upgrades while providing sufficient time for the business owners to plan for service to be temporarily down, or to have additional resources available during the upgrade. Additionally, the IT department is able to manage asset lifecycles to timely replace certain computers and devices upon reaching an appropriate age.
An accurate inventory of computers and applications also facilitates space planning when people or departments are physically moved from one location to another. The moving team can be given a map of what resources are to be moved and re-installed at the new location. Furthermore, an accurate inventory allows the organization to more effectively monitor the security of its hardware and software assets. Such assets may also be tracked by appropriate business owners for such internal accounting as charge-backs, allocations, and provisioning and de-provisioning of assets.
Still another benefit of an accurate and up-to-date inventory is that the organization may adhere to certain deployment initiatives as well as comply with licensing agreements and support potential license negotiations.
Architecture
FIG. 4 shows an exemplary architecture 400 that may be implemented in the environment 100. The architecture 400 has several functional groups that together carry out the functions of inventory gathering, management, reconciliation, and reporting. The functional groups include workflow processes and automated computerized systems. In the illustrated implementation, there are seven groups: inventory and reconciliation systems 402, workflow processes 404, systems with managed data 406, discovery tools 408, systems receiving GIW data feeds 410, online applications 412, and reporting tools 414.
The inventory and reconciliation group 402 includes the global inventory warehouse (GIW) 122 and a reconciliation framework 420. The GIW 122 includes the GIW database 142 and is a repository of data collected from reconciliation and authoritative sources for purposes of building a consolidated inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets. The GIW may also contain other information, such as exception information generated in response to one or more reconciliation processes.
The GIW 122 receives data feeds from the managed data systems 406 and the discovery tools 408 as represented by data flow arrows 422 and 424, respectively. The GIW 122 stores and organizes the data in various data structures and formats such that selections of the data may then be fed or produced on request to other systems, applications, and tools. As shown in FIG. 4, the GIW 122 provides data feeds to a collection of systems grouped under the GIW data feeds group 410, as represented by data flow arrow 426. The GIW 122 also provides replies to on-demand requests to a set of online applications 412 and to various reporting tools 414, as represented by data flow arrows 428 and 429, respectively.
Data is fed into the GIW 122 from the managed data systems 406. The managed data systems 406 include multiple data systems 474(1), . . . , 474(P), which capture data that is entered and managed by people according to workflow processes 404. The data in such systems does -not lend itself to automatic discovery tools, such as tools 408 discussed below. Rather, the data might include information that managers enter, such as physical location, cabinet that the router sits in, and so forth. The data systems 474(1)-474(P) are representative of many possible data systems including, for example:

    
    
        Active DirectoryTM—a system that contains distribution lists and WindowsTM Machine Mappings
        Cable Management Systems (CMS)—a system that contains locations (e.g., a cabinet location) of distributed assets
        Confucius—a system that contains strategy-based data from LinuxTM Servers
        DeviceDB—a system that contains a managed inventory of Network Hardware Devices
        Configs—a system that contains database configuration information
        TAM—a system that contains technology assets and their locations
        Terminal Servers—a system that contains data about terminal servers
        DevForge—a system that contains information about application-development projects
        Device Modeling a system that contains attributes (e.g., lifecycle) of hardware and operating system assets
        Domain Name System (DNS)—a system that contains domain name information for distributed assets
        IvizeTM—a system that contains voicemail distribution lists
        LifeLineTM—a system that contains contact lists
        Corporate Directory—a system that contains personnel data for employees of the organization
        Controller—a system that contains information (e.g., dept. codes, dept. open/close dates) about organizational departments
        SMART—a system that contains organization hierarchy
        SPARC—a system that contains department redirects
        Technology Financial Services—a system that contains business unit mappings throughout an organization to facilitate reporting
        GSLocation—a system that facilitates data discovery on valid buildings, floors, rooms, and desk locations
    
    


Another managed data system is the application directory 120 (also represented as data system 474(1) in FIG. 4). The application directory 120 serves in the architecture 400 as the authoritative inventory of applications deployed throughout the organization. The application directory 120 maintains the inventory in a repository or database 430. The database 430 organizes information relevant to the applications, such as criticality tier, unique identifier, business owner, division, location, and so on. As the authoritative system, the application directory database 430 is considered to be the most accurate and up-to-date collection of information on the applications. One exemplary implementation of the application directory 120 is described below in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
Through individual data systems 474(1)-474(P), the managed data systems 406 provide a great deal of data to the GIW 122. For instance, the application directory 120 provides data on software applications to the GIW 122. Furthermore, the data in the managed data systems 406 is received from any number of sources. One source is, for example, application developers 432, who register applications with the directory 120 as part of various workflow procedures when the applications are installed or otherwise deployed. Another source is an inventory control group 434, which has management authority over the inventory maintained in the application directory database 430. The registration processes are streamlined for developers and managers to register applications with minimal manual intervention. Other data sources may exist for each individual data system 474(1)-474(P).
A third source for application-related information is the reconciliation framework 420, which updates the application directory through a validation and reconciliation process on the data maintained in the GIW 122. Reconciliation processes attempt to automate handling of data validation exceptions, and feeds the reconciled information to the managed data systems 406, such as the application directory 120. Data integrity is ensured and managed through these reconciliation processes which may in part populate the managed data systems 406 (e.g., application directory) data from the global inventory warehouse 122 feeds from the multiple discovery tools 408.
Table 1 shows an example, and non-exhaustive, list of possible data feeds into and out of the application directory 120, one of the managed data systems.









TABLE 1





System
Data
Feed Direction







Business
Application directory data to BCP system.
OUT


Continuity


Planning


Authorization
Authorized user data. If application user
IN/OUT


Monitoring Project
changes division or leaves organization,



application managers are notified to change



application access accordingly.


Marimba
Window servers and installed software
IN


SysInfo
Unix servers and installed software
IN


Red Hat Network
Package information on Linux servers
IN


Switch
Server availability and location detection
IN


Management


DBDB
Database if databases (Sybase, SqlServer, UDB)
IN


Sonar
Server availability and location detection (base
IN



system for all servers).


TAM
Hardware Asset Inventory. Contains the
IN



location and asset tags for all desktops,



servers, printer, routers and switches.


LifeLine
Lists for support of jobs related to applications
IN



and servers.


Corporate
Contact information for deployment managers.
IN


Directory
Application Directory stores IDs (e.g.,



Kerberos, GUIDs, etc.)


SMART/OrgBud
Divisional Hierarchy for Portfolio Reporting
IN









Other feeds that may be passed into the application directory 120 include data from a system that monitors processes and servers (e.g., HP OpenViewTM system) and data from risk reporting systems.
Discovery tools 408 also provide data feeds to the GIW 122. The discovery tools 408 include multiple tools 440(1), 440(2), . . . , 440(J), which go out periodically or routinely (e.g., nightly) to gather data from the components themselves. The data is such that lends itself to automated collection without human intervention, and may involve such things as operating conditions, workload, failures, and so forth. The tools 440(1)-440(J) are representative of many possible automated data collection tools including, for example:

    
    
        Confucius—a tool that provides strategy-based data from LinuxTM Servers
        EMCTM Enterprise Control Center—a tool that provides a raw storage area network inventory
        MarimbaTM also known as Marimba Inventory—an agent used to deploy and report on packaged applications to WindowsTM PCs.
        Red HatTM Network—an agent that runs on LinuxTM and deploys packaged applications to LinuxTM-based servers.
        SONARTM—an agent that provides IP address discovery
        Switch Management System (SMS)—a tool that provides server availability, location detection (e.g., host connections and locations), and network information (e.g., information about network routers and switches)
        Sysinfo—an agent that runs and reports on Unix configurations and variants
        Storage Information—a tool that provides inventory of storage area network (SAN) arrays, switches, and servers
        Production Access Reporting (PAR)—a tool that provides for production access reporting
        TRACER—a tool that manages and provides data reconciliation and grading services
        ProWatchTM—a tool that provides data about data center access logs
    
    


The GIW 122 provides data feeds to a variety of systems represented in group 410. Among these systems are Server Central 450, Security Monitoring 452, Database Administration 454, Market Data Administration 456, Business Continuity Planning 458, and System Administration (SA) Tools 460. The Server Central 450 is a web application that presents server inventory information from the system administrator perspective, including performance metrics information. The Security Monitoring system 452 is responsible for identification, engineering, and operation of solutions to monitor the security of the organization's infrastructure as well as the staff and vendors use of the systems. The Database Administration system 454 is responsible for management of various databases used throughout the organization. The Market Data Administration system 456 manages an inventory of internally and client-consumed market data. The Business Continuity Planning system 458 supports many continuity solutions including crisis management, business recovery, systems and data recovery, people recovery facilities, and process improvement. The SA tools 460 are a set of tools for monitoring operation of systems from a software and hardware perspective, such as performance metrics, usage, and the like.
Online applications 412 represent another set of data consumers from the GIW 122. The online applications include the Server Central 450, the SA tools 460 and the Application Directory 120. Each of these may be implemented as Web-based tools that can query the GIW 122 for specific information. Additionally, reporting tools 414 may submit queries to the GIW 122 to generate various reports on applications deployed throughout the organization. These reporting tools 414 might include, for example, Inventory Reporting 470 and Business Continuity Planning (BCP) reporting 472.
The illustrated data providers and data consumers of the information maintained in the global inventory warehouse 122 are representative. There may be any number and variety of data providers and data consumers. Moreover, the data providers and consumers may be off-the-shelf products or custom-built components designed specifically for the architecture or for particular functions. A section entitled “Global Inventory Warehouse” follows a discussion of the application directory 120 and an accompanying registration process, and describes components of the GIW 122 in detail.
Application Directory
FIG. 5 shows one example implementation of an application directory 120 executing on one or more serves 110 (FIG. 1). The servers 110 are equipped with processing units 502 and memory 504 (e.g., volatile, non-volatile, and persistent memory as non-limiting examples of computer-readable medium). A network interface 506 provides access to and communication over a network (e.g. LAN, Internet, wireless, etc.).
The application directory 120 is shown stored in memory 504, but is executed on processing units 502 during runtime. Selected components in the application directory 120 include a repository or database 430, an application registration module 510, and an application portfolio module 512. As noted above, the application directory database 430 maintains an inventory of applications deployed throughout the organization. The application registration module 510 and the application portfolio module 512 provide Web-based tools for automated registration of applications and management of the application portfolio.
More particularly, the application registration module 510 facilitates automated registration of the applications and provides the mechanism for getting them approved for deployment. The module 510 includes a user interface (UI) 514 that guides developers and managers (and others) through the initial registration process, as well as any updates to application data in the application directory 120 and its associated checkpoints and reconciliation systems. Additionally, the application registration module 510 allows managers to approve new applications and deployments for submission to the business continuity planning (BCP) team. The BCP team can then review and approve deployment requests using the application registration module 510. An example set of UIs for the registration process is provided below in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6-11.
The application portfolio module 512 provides the online tool for managers to generate Web-based reports against the GIW data feeds of application directory data. The data feeds may be frequent (e.g., every day, every hour, etc.), or as updated, or as needed. With this module 512, a manager may generate reports that sort or format applications by various criteria, such as by division, location, tier, category, status, and so forth. The application portfolio module 512 has a portfolio UI 516 that provides interfaces for a user to enter search criteria and presents results of the search. Two exemplary UI interfaces are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as described above in detail. In FIG. 2, an application portfolio UI 200 facilitates user entry of various search criteria for applications distributed throughout the organization. The interface 300 shown in FIG. 3 presents a list of all applications that satisfy the search criteria. In addition, the portfolio UI 516 aids in the management of families of applications, and allows users to define groups within individual families.
There are several possible parties who may interact with the application directory 120. Developers (e.g., firm users, code developers, support engineers), development manager (e.g., mid-level development managers responsible for support and deployment of applications), members of the business continuity planning group, and regulatory auditors are among the different classes of users who may use the application directory 120.
The application directory 120 further includes a repository or database 430 to store the applications in an organized inventory 518. The inventory 518 is composed of records 519 that store data pertaining to the applications deployed throughout the organization. Each record 519 arranges data according to a hierarchical logical data model 520 that defines multiple levels of data types and relationships amongst those levels. The hierarchical data model 520 includes a top or family level 522, a second or application level 524, a third or deployment level 526, and a fourth or component level 528.
As noted earlier, an application is a logical entity, made up of components that perform a specific business function. A family defined at the first level 522 of the data hierarchy 520 is a collection of one or more applications in the second level 524 that either perform a set of related business functions or have a common IT support structure. Each application may have one or more deployments in the third level 526. A deployment is an instance of an application that runs in a specific location. And each deployment may involve one or more components in the fourth level 528. A component is a piece of an application that shows up as an individual system process or as an individual deployable unit. It is noted that this data hierarchy 520 exemplifies just one example arrangement of a data structure. Other hierarchical models of more or fewer levels may be employed.
FIG. 6 shows an example home page 600 for the application directory 120. This home page 600 functions as an entry portal to the registration UI 514 and the portfolio UI 514. The home page 600 includes multiple tabbed panes including a tab 602 for access to the organization's intranet home page and a tab 604 for access to a primary pane 606 of the application directory. On this primary pane 606 are a navigation menu 608, a greeting 610 to the authorized user, a statistics area 612, a news area 614, and a task area 616.
The navigation menu 608 provides a set of links to various processes, such as registration, record modification, and reporting. To register an application, a user may access a sequence of web pages by selecting the link “Register Application” on the menu 608. Similarly, a user may generate a report of applications stored in the application directory database by choosing the “Portfolio Reports” link or one of the criteria links (e.g., “By Tier”, “By Location”, etc.) in menu 608.
The statistics area 612 provides a summary of the total applications, deployments and components registered. The news area 614 provides notice of any system alerts, such as enhancements, bug fixes, updates, maintenance down time, and so forth. The task area 616 provides a running list of applications to be acted upon by the user, based on that user's role. The list includes active links to an application management page that allows the user to act on the application. The link is represented by underlining in FIG. 6, although other expressions may be used such as font change, color differentiation, and so on.
The task list in area 616 further includes a status designation 618 of each open task. Table 2 provides a listing of possible statuses:









TABLE 2





Status
Definition
Next Status







DRAFT
Developer is drafting a new or revision of
OPEN



application/deployment and has not yet



submitted it to a developer manager for



approval.


OPEN
Developer manager is reviewing new or
PENDING or



revision of application/deployment and has not
REJECTED



yet submitted to BCP for approval.


PENDING
Developer manager has submitted application
ACTIVE or



for BCP approval.
REJECTED


REJECTED
BCP or development manager has rejected
DRAFT



application data, status is reverted to



“DRAFT” for developer to review and update



data for application and resubmit for



developer manager and BCP approval.


ACTIVE
BCP has reviewed application data and
NA



approved application for deployment.


EXCEPTION
Reconciliation with GIW feeds has shown
If data is



discrepancies and applications are flagged as
reviewed,



“EXCEPTION”.
corrected and



Application data is flagged as out of date if
discrepancies



application has not been reviewed by
are cleared, will



development team in a specified amount of
go to DRAFT



time.
state.


DECOMMISSION
Legacy server or application no longer in use.
N/A


REPLACED
Legacy application has been replaced by new
N/A



application. Reference new application



identifier for replacement application.


INACTIVE
Legacy status - Used on inactive applications
NA



for historical purposes









Now, suppose a user would like to register a new application. The user may actuate the “Register Application” link in the menu 608. That would lead him to a series of screens to enter data about the application.
FIG. 7 shows a first registration page 700 that is initially served by the application directory 120 when a user seeks to register a new application. The registration page 700 includes a pane 702 that systematically guides the user through a series of questions about the application. The registrant enters a name for the application in entry field 704. The name may conform to standardized naming conventions, and its size may be constrained to some maximum number of characters. A BCP architecture pull down menu 706 allows the user to select a general architecture of the application, including such choices as mainframe, distributed, and mid-range.
A contact list for the application may be selected by pull down menu 708. This contact list identifies which business organizations (divisions) are primary clients of this application. In response to selection, a table of responsible owners will be automatically populated with appropriate names. A brief description of the primary business function performed by the application may be entered into field 710. Such a description may be limited to a number of words (e.g. 500 words).
The registrant selects an appropriate application family for this application using pull down menu 712. A set of predefined family names are provided in this menu, enabling the registrant to quickly find which family is the best fit for the application. A version number for the application may be entered into field 714, and a document URL (universal resource locator) may be added in field 716. Any additional comments may be entered into text field 718.
Some applications may be governed by various government (federal, state, and city) regulations. For instance, applications related to financial transactions may be governed by SEC rules, federal laws, state regulations, and so forth. In field 720, the registrant may be presented with a list of possible regulation categories that might be applied to the application. The registrant can select suitable categories and the application is marked for compliance with the selected categories.
Notice also in the left margin beneath the menu 608 is a small icon 722 that provides a visual cue of the hierarchical logical data model 520. The model conveys to the registrant how data is being organized within the logical data model. A focus is also provided to illustrate which data is currently being sought from the registrant as he proceeds through the series of web pages. In this illustration, the upper two levels family level 1 and application level 2—are in focus to visually convey that this portion of the registration concerns higher level information pertaining to the application and its family. The focus may be accomplished by changing the color of the upper two levels, or by highlighting them, or by enlarging them, or through some other graphical technique. As the registration process continues, different levels of the icon 722 will be placed in focus to assist the registrant.
FIG. 8 shows a second registration page 800 that continues the registration process. Notice that the focus in the hierarchy icon 722 has now shifted to the deployment level 3 to visually inform the registrant that this web page concerns entry of deployment information. Additional focus is on an “owner” box at the bottom of icon 722 to impart that this page 800 contains entry fields for identifying the owner of the application.
A pane 802 guides the user through a series of questions to extract deployment details. In field 804, the user enters a location (e.g., “New York”) at which the application will be deployed. This location may be of any configurable granularity appropriate for the implementation, and may include floor, building, city, region, state, country, and so forth. A deployment name may be entered in field 806, and a unique application identifier (AID) 808 is automatically generated when a deployment is registered.
A tier is assigned at pull down menu 810. The tier provides a criticality rating of the deployment and ranges, for example, from 1 of low criticality to a 4 of high criticality. A next schedule test date may be entered into field 812 (or selected using a calendaring tool). These dates may include failover testing, live user testing, and the like. More than one type of test may also be scheduled by adding additional options in pane 802. The deployment manager responsible for the deployment from a technical and BCP perspective is selected in field 814. The individual chosen may be given responsibility to approve the deployment before it goes to the BCP group. One or more ROTAs may be added or removed using field 816. A collection of ROTAs (short for rotary) forms a list of contacts and preferred order and method (cell/page/call) of notifying those contacts in case an application problem occurs. It is used as reference data in the application directory, an alternate way of specifying the application deployment's contacts. Finally, a registrant may click an “Add Server” button 818 to choose servers utilized by this deployment. This action will open a new window to facilitate searching and addition of servers. The selected servers are then listed in table 820, which includes such information as a server asset tag, hostname, location, make/model, and platform.
FIG. 9 shows a third registration page 900 that directs a registrant through the third step of the registration process. On this page 900, the focus of hierarchy icon 722 has shifted down to the component level 4 to visually convey that this page pertains to input of component information. A pane 902 guides the user through a series of entries regarding component information. In pane 902, the registrant may identify external data feeds in entry area 904 by clicking an “Add Feed” button to choose external feeds utilized by the application. This action will open a window that allows the user to search and add feeds. These feeds will then be depicted in a table (not shown). The user may subsequently remove feeds by actuating the “Remove Feed” button.
In entry area 906, the registrant may add any other deployments and internal feeds upon which the application is dependent. By clicking an “Add Dependency” button, a window is presented to facilitate search of dependent deployments. These deployments are listed in a dependent deployments information table 908. Any dependent deployment may be removed from the table 908 through use of the “Remove Dependency” button.
Data sources are also identified in entry area 910. Data sources include database instances and the components that run them. Actuating an “Add Datasource” button causes a window to open for searching and adding data sources to a data source information table 912. If a data source is on a server not currently associated with the deployment, selecting the data source effectively adds the server to the deployment. A “Remove Datasource” button is also provided to remove items from the table 912.
FIG. 10 shows a fourth registration page 1000 that continues entry of component detail in level 4, as noted by the visual hierarchy icon 722. A pane 1002 assists the user in discovering components relevant to the application being registered. When a user initiates the discovery process (e.g., by clicking the “Discover” button), a search query is sent to the global inventory warehouse (GIW) to return all components associated with the current deployment. These components include servers and other devices that implement the application. Components found by the search are returned and listed in a discovered components table 1004. The registrant may associate the component with the deployment by clicking an “Associate” button provided for each listed component.
FIG. 11 shows a fifth and final registration page 1100 that facilitates entry of BCP audit date in the fifth and final step in the registration process. The BCP audit date pertains to the deployment level of detail and hence, the deployment level 3 is in focus once again on the visual hierarchy icon 722. A pane 1102 guides the registrant through details of an audit for purposes of business continuity planning.
At fields 1104-1108, the user can enter dates for when the technology was tested, when user testing was completed, and when connectivity testing was conducted. Any comments relating to the BCP audit may also be provided in text entry field 1110, including such comments on the rational behind a criticality rating assigned to the application. Also via this pane 1102, the deployment of this application may be approved (by clicking the “Approve” button 1112) or rejected (by clicking the “Reject” button 1114). If approved, the application status is changed to “Active” (See Table 2 above). Conversely, if rejected, the application status is returned to “Draft” status, and the developer at this point should review the application and registration, updating all data for application deployment, and then resubmit for approval.
Registration Processes
FIG. 12 illustrates a computerized process for registering applications or other assets of the organization. This process (as well as other processes discussed herein) is illustrated as a collection of blocks in a logical flow graph, which represents a sequence of operations that can be implemented, in whole or in part, in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In the context of software, the blocks represent computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular abstract data types. The sequence in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described blocks can be combined and/or rearranged in other sequences to implement the process.
For discussion purposes, the process 1200 is described with reference to the architecture, systems, and UIs of FIGS. 1-11. It is noted, however, that the processes may be implemented in many other ways.
FIG. 12 shows a computerized registration process 1200. At 1202, a user interface is presented to facilitate entry of information pertaining to an application. In one implementation, this user interface is embodied as a Web-based data entry tool that may be rendered in a browser. Accordingly, in this implementation, the first act 1202 of facilitating entry of information may consist of three actions 1202(1)-1202(3). At 1202(1), the tool presents a series of web pages that guide the user through the registration process, collecting information about the application. One example series of web pages are described above and shown in FIGS. 6-11. These web pages are served by the application directory 120 and rendered by a browser or other rendering program.
The web pages seek entry of different types of information about the applications. The different types of information conform to the logical data model 520, which defines multiple hierarchical levels of data types and relationships amongst the hierarchical levels. At 1202(2), a visual cue representing the logical data model is depicted on the web pages to convey what data is currently being entered, and how that data is being organized in the inventory. One example visual icon is illustrated in FIGS. 7-11 as icon 722. Individual levels of the visual cue are placed in focus during the registration to aid the user during entry of the different data types to convey which data is being entered and how it is being organized within the logical data model. At 1202(3), the focus is changed within the visual cue of the logical data model in coordination with the data being collected by the web pages. As illustrated in the example of FIGS. 7-11, the focus is changed throughout the sequence of web pages.
At 1204, information pertaining to the various data types is collected during the registration process. Among the information collected are an application name, a family to which the application belongs, deployment data pertaining to deployment of the application, component data identifying components used by the application, and owner data identifying a business owner responsible for the application. Additionally, as exemplified in FIGS. 7-11, other information pertaining to the application may also be collected.
At 1206, the information is organized to form an inventory of applications. This inventory is maintained in the application directory database 430 (at 1208 in FIG. 12), and at least portions of the inventory are fed to the global inventory warehouse 122 (at 1210 in FIG. 12). In this manner, the application inventory may be viewed as being stored in two different databases—the application directory database 430 and the GIW database 142 (FIG. 1). The following section describes in detail the GIW 122 and its accompanying database 142.
Global Inventory Warehouse
FIG. 13 illustrates one example implementation of a global inventory warehouse (GIW) 122 executing on one or more servers 112 (FIG. 1). Similar to the servers 110 described above with reference to the application directory 120, the servers 112 are equipped with processing units 1302 and memory 1304 (e.g., volatile, non-volatile, and persistent memory). In addition, a network interface 1306 provides access to and communication over a network (e.g., LAN, Internet, wireless network, etc.), which allows authorized personnel to search the GIW database 142.
As discussed above, the GIW 122 is a repository of data collected from reconciliation and authoritative sources for purposes of building a consolidated inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets. This data may include some or all of the information discussed above in regards to the application directory, such as an identification of the assets and the assets' physical locations. The GIW 122 may also contain exception information generated in response to one or more reconciliation processes. Furthermore, the GIW 122 maintains a history of the received data. The GIW 122 also supports reporting of the information in many different views and formats.
In addition to storing identifications of assets, physical locations of assets, and exception information, the GIW may also build relationships between assets in response to receiving data from the application directory 120. As discussed above, a user may register an application with the application directory and, in the process, register that application with a particular server upon which the application resides. When the application directory feeds this data to the GIW 122, the GIW then creates other relationships based on that data and based on additional information stored in the GIW. For instance, the GIW 122 may know that the particular server upon which the particular application resides is part of a particular network. The GIW 122 accordingly builds a relationship between the application, the server, and the particular network. Similarly, the GIW may create relationships between the application/server combination and a market data network, an Ethernet network, physical location information, tape backup location information, and the like. Furthermore, after creating these relationships, the GIW may provide these relationships back to the application directory 120. In turn, the application directory populates fields within the application directory user interface in order to allow for an application directory user to view these relationships.
FIG. 13 illustrates that the GIW 122 is stored in the memory 1304 of the one or more servers 112. Exemplary components in the GIW 122 include the GIW database 142, a receiver 1308, and a converter 1310. Selected components in the GIW database 142 include one or more source tables 1312, one or more staging tables 1314, and a refresher 1316.
The receiver 1308 receives data from some or all of the sources illustrated in FIG. 4, such as the managed data systems 406 and the discovery tools 408. The GIW 122 stores and organizes this received data in various data structures and formats. This storage and organization allows portions of the data to be fed or produced on request to other systems, applications, and tools. To so store, organize, and provide this data, the receiver 1308 initially receives a batch of raw data from the data sources. The receiver 1308 stores this batch as raw data records 1318.
The converter 1310 receives the raw data records 1318 and converts this raw data into “source” (src) data. FIG. 13 illustrates this converted data as src data records 1320. During the conversion, the converter 1310 computes a hash (e.g., MD5) of the raw data records 1318. This hash value creates an artificial primary key for each data record, which serves to uniquely identify each data record. By doing so, the converter 1310 allows the data to be annotated and indexed by its originating data source. This data conversion also includes converting source-system timestamps of the data into GIW-formatted timestamps.
After this conversion, the GIW database 142 receives the src data records 1320. Briefly, the one or more source tables 1312 are purged of any old data from a prior load, receive the new src data records, and then provide them to the one or more staging tables 1314. Authorized personnel can then search the staging tables and generate reports based on the information contained therein.
More specifically, the one or more source tables 1312 receive the src data records 1320 and build an inventory 1322 that contains this received batch of data records. FIG. 13 differentiates the data records within the source table inventory 1322 by representing them as SRC data records 1324. The inventory 1322 within the source tables 1312 generally provides the received batch of data records to the one or more staging tables 1314.
The staging tables 1314 thus receive the SRC data records 1324 and create an inventory 1326 that includes these records. At this point, the data records are designated as staging (STG) data records 1328. The staging table inventory 1326 operates to allow authorized personnel to search and generate desired reports from the data records therein.
By receiving batches of data records and providing each batch to the staging tables 1314, the source tables 1312 serve as a buffer between the source data systems and the staging tables 1314. This demarcation between tables thus helps to avoid introduction of invalid data from the source systems into the staging tables 1314. In turn, this demarcation helps to avoid introduction of invalid data into reports actually generated by the authorized personnel.
As stated above, the source tables 1312 generally receive batches of data records and provide these data records to the staging tables. Upon receiving a new batch of data records, the source tables 1312 generally delete the previous batch in order to make room for the new batch. Maintaining a batch of data records in the source tables until a new batch arrives allows administrators to perform debugging in the source tables if the administrators encounter problems with the data. The inventory 1326 within the staging tables, meanwhile, not only contains up-to-date and correct information, but also a history of that information. As such, the staging-table inventory 1326 generally does not delete data records, but rather tracks changes to the data as the changes occur.
To illustrate, the staging tables 1314 first receive the SRC data records 1324 from the source tables 1312 and, with the data, generate and maintain the inventory 1326. Again, this inventory 1326 includes STG data records 1328. As mentioned above, however, information pertaining to source systems will generally change with time. For instance, a location of a hardware asset may change. The inventory 1326 of STG data records should accordingly be updated to reflect these changes, while still maintaining a history of previous locations of the hardware asset. The refresher 1316 in conjunction with the SRC and STG data records updates the inventory 1326 in this manner.
The refresher 1316 may be configured to refresh STG data records 1328 when a change to a corresponding SRC data record 1324 occurs or, conversely, after a predefined amount of time. In the latter instances, the refresher 1316 initially compares the STG data records to corresponding SRC data records and counts a percentage of the former that should be refreshed. If this percentage is greater than a pre-configured threshold value, then the refresher 1316 aborts the refreshing process. If this percentage is less, however, then the refresher proceeds with the refreshing process.
The refresher 1316 first closes any open STG data records that don't correspond to an SRC data record in the source table inventory 1322. The refresher then refreshes the remaining STG data records with data from corresponding SRC data records. In some instances, the refresher matches corresponding records based on each record's hash value computed by the converter. The refresher may also match corresponding records by merely comparing the record values.
After matching corresponding SRC and STG data records, the refresher 1316 may utilize a technique known as “milestoning”. This technique begins by tagging each data record with a “start date” and an “end date”. The start date generally corresponds to when the data record was inserted into the inventory, while the end date generally corresponds to the time at which the data record should no longer be considered “live”, “current”, or “up-to-date”. If a record's end date has passed, then the refresher may know to update the data record. Of course, this milestoning technique is exemplary and other techniques may be utilized. For instance, in a “snapshot” technique, the refresher merely compares a previous snapshot of the staging table inventory 1326 to a current snapshot, and updates the inventory 1326 based on the difference.
In addition to updating existing records, the refresher 1316 creates a new STG data record for any SRC data record created since the last refreshing process. The refresher 1316 also inserts these new data records into the staging table inventory 1326. This refreshing process thus ensures that the staging table inventory 1326 contains the most up-to-date information. Importantly, the STG data records and the staging table inventory 1326 also maintain the information present in the inventory 1326 before the above-described refreshing process.
The inventory 1326 within the staging tables 1314 thus represents all or substantially all of the data received from the source systems. This consolidated inventory maintains a history of this data, even as it changes with time. For instance, any change to a location of a hardware, software, or telecommunications asset will be noted. Both locations, however, will be stored within the inventory 1326, thus facilitating the reporting of this history should authorized personnel desire such information.
As such, the resulting GIW database 142 allows for customized viewing of data corresponding to multiple source systems. Furthermore, this viewing may be customized at any level of granularity, including customizing authorized personnel's viewing of individual data fields within a single data record. Such a database allows these personnel to find data discrepancies within source systems by cross-referencing each system. The GIW database 142 also enables searching and reporting of historical data. Finally, note that the detailed information within STG data records 1328 enables the reporting of substantially all reasonably useful information pertaining to the source systems. This information not only includes physical locations of distributed assets, but also exception information created during one or more reconciliation processes.
FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary process 1400 for receiving a data record from a source system and storing the record in the GIW database 142. Source system “Alpha” 1402, containing an exemplary batch of data records labeled “Set”, represents the exemplary source system. Data flow arrow 1404 represents the receiver 1308 first receiving the “Set” data records as raw data labeled “File Set-raw.txt”. The converter 1310 then receives and converts this batch of data records into src data labeled “File Set-src.txt”, as data flow arrow 1406 represents. Data flow arrow 1408 illustrates the converter 1310 then providing this data to the source table 1312 of the GIW database 142.
After receiving the batch of data records, the source table stores and entitles this batch as “T_SRC_Alpha_Set”. Any prior data in “T_SRC Alpha Set” is initially purged before storing this new batch of records. The first portion of the title (T_SRC) identifies the records as being stored within the source table 1312. The middle (Alpha) and latter (Set) portions, meanwhile, identify the batch of data records with its corresponding system and its initial batch name. The source table 1312 or the refresher 1316 then provides these data records to the staging table 1314, which stores the batch of data records as “T_STG_Alpha Set”. Data flow arrow 1410 represents this operation. Again, the former portion of the “T STG_Alpha_Set” label identifies this batch of data records as being stored within the staging table 1314.
In accordance with this exemplary process 1400, the staging table inventory 1326 contains data records corresponding to the “Set” batch of files from the “Alpha” source system. Each batch of data records from each source system within an organization may likewise be included in this inventory, via process 1400 or the like. As such, the staging table inventory 1326 may contain an identification of all or substantially all of the organization's hardware, software, and telecommunications assets, as well an identification of physical locations of these assets. Again, this inventory may also include other information, such as exception information generated during one or more reconciliation processes.
Inventory Management Processes
FIG. 15 shows a process 1500 for managing and utilizing the application directory 120 and the GIW 122. The process 1500 is described with reference to the architecture, systems, and UIs of FIGS. 1-14 but may be implemented in many other ways. At 1502, an inventory of applications and other assets distributed throughout an organization is maintained. In part due to the registration process, the inventory is kept up-to-date and accurately reflects the current deployment of applications in the organization. Moreover, at 1504, operational data is collected from deployed applications on an ongoing basis. Such information may be supplied by software and hardware components, and may include such data as usage, load, failure conditions, aging, and so forth. In this manner, the inventory provides a robust and current knowledge source of all applications within the organization.
The inventory may be used effectively in many different ways. Three different scenarios are shown in FIG. 15, but these scenarios are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. In one scenario, authorized personnel (e.g., IT department, BCP members, developers, etc.) may mine the inventory to learn what applications and other assets are deployed in the organization. Such personnel may employ a UI to define a search of the inventory for certain assets that meet the search criteria. One example UI is illustrated in FIG. 2, where the user permitted to search applications by tier (i.e., criticality), location, division, category, and owner. Many other search criteria may be employed.
At 1506, the search request is received and processed. Suppose, for example, the search personnel wants to know what assets are deployed on the 36th floor of a building in Hong Kong, as represented in the environment 100 of FIG. 1. A search request may be defined with such granularity to find all such assets that are deployed at this physical location in Hong Kong. At 1508, the inventory is searched responsive to this request. The searching may be conducted on the application directory database 430, or alternatively on the GIW database 142.
At 1510, a listing of assets from the inventory that satisfy the search is presented. This listing may be presented in a UI, such as the one example shown in FIG. 3. Being able to call up all applications and other assets that meet a certain criteria is very useful in many ways. For instance, following a disruption at a particular location, the BCP team may wish identify all assets deployed in the particular location and rebuild the functionality elsewhere. As another example, space planners may need to move a department from one physical location to a new physical location. By mining the inventory to identify the assets affected by the move, the space planners can take steps to ensure the functionality is available elsewhere during this transition and minimize the time that the assets are down.
In another scenario shown in FIG. 15, authorized personnel using the reconciliation framework can reconcile records in the inventory with data from other sources in the architecture to ensure accuracy and data integrity in the inventory. Thus, at 1512, a reconciliation process may be performed on the inventory.
In still anther scenario shown in FIG. 15, different personnel may use the inventory to manage the applications and other assets at 1514. For instance, suppose the IT department wants to upgrade all applications in a systematic way. An IT team member may conduct a search for applications based on age or lifecycle criteria to identify which applications are suitable for upgrade or replacement. As another example, suppose the IT department wishes to evaluate the applications for usage and load. By maintaining an accurate and up-to-date inventory of applications, including usage and load, actions may be taken to anticipate and prevent potential problems such as application failure.
CONCLUSION
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims.

## Claims

1. A processor implemented method of building a global inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization, comprising:
receiving via a processor data from multiple source systems, the data identifying hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization and specifying physical locations within the organization of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets; and
storing the data identifying and specifying the physical locations of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets in one or more databases responsive to the receiving of the data, the storing comprising:
converting a plurality of raw data records into a plurality of source data records;
providing the plurality of source data records to a plurality of staging tables for creating a plurality of staging data records, the plurality of staging data records providing for generation of customized reports; and
configuring a refresher to initiate a process to update the plurality of staging data records, the process comprising:
comparing the plurality of staging data records to the corresponding plurality of source data records to determine a percentage of the plurality of staging data records that need to be updated;
responsive to determining that the percentage is less than a pre-determined threshold value, proceeding with the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
responsive to determining that the percentage is greater than the pre-determined threshold value, aborting the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
receiving a query from a reporting tool for specific information pertaining to an identified software asset deployed within the organization; and
providing the specific information to the reporting tool responsive to the query so as to facilitate generation of a report containing the specific information by the reporting tool.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the multiple source systems comprise:
a first source system containing information pertaining to the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets that has been manually entered; and
a second source system containing information pertaining to the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets that has been automatically collected without human intervention.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the second source system routinely collects the information pertaining to the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets that has been automatically collected without human intervention.

4. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data specifies a physical location of substantially all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization.

5. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data contains an identification of substantially all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization.

6. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a query from an online application for specific information pertaining to one or more of the identified hardware, software, or telecommunications assets, the online application embodied as a web-based tool; and
providing the specific information to the online application responsive to the query.

7. A processor implemented method, comprising:
maintaining a global inventory of hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout an organization, the maintaining of the global inventory comprising:
receiving via a processor data from multiple source systems;
converting a plurality of raw data records of the data into a plurality of source data records;
providing the plurality of source data records to a plurality of staging tables for creating a plurality of staging data records, the plurality of staging data records providing for generation of customized reports; and
configuring a refresher to initiate a process to update the plurality of staging data records, the process comprising:
comparing the plurality of staging data records to the corresponding plurality of source data records to determine a percentage of the plurality of staging data records that need to be updated;
responsive to determining that the percentage is less than a pre-determined threshold value, proceeding with the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
responsive to determining that the percentage is greater than the pre-determined threshold value, aborting the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
receiving a request to identify what hardware, software, and telecommunications assets are available in a particular physical location of the organization;
searching the inventory responsive to the request; and
identifying the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets from the inventory that are available in the particular physical location of the organization;
wherein the maintaining of the global inventory comprises receiving data pertaining to a plurality of software assets from an application directory that serves as an authoritative inventory of the software assets distributed throughout the organization; and
building relationships between at least one of the plurality of software assets and an attribute of a server upon which the at least one of the plurality of software assets resides.

8. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the global inventory identifies substantially all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization.

9. method as recited in claim 8, wherein the global inventory identifies physical locations of the substantially all of the hardware, software, and telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization.

10. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the maintaining of the global inventory comprises receiving identifications of a plurality of hardware, software, or telecommunications assets and particular physical locations within the organization of each of the plurality of identified assets from a source system that collects the identifications and particular physical locations by manual data entry by a human administrator.

11. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the attribute of the server comprises one or more of a network to which the server couples, a physical location of the server, or a location of a tape backup of the server.

12. A method as recited in claim 7, further comprising providing the built relationships to the application directory such that the built relationships may be viewed by a user of the application directory.

13. A method as recited in claim 12, wherein the providing of the built relationships to the application directory such that the built relationships may be viewed by the user of the application directory comprises populating fields within a user interface of the application directory.

14. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein the maintaining of the global inventory comprises receiving data pertaining to a plurality of hardware, software, or telecommunications assets distributed throughout the organization from a source system that automatically collects the data without human intervention.

15. A method as recited in claim 14, wherein the data pertaining to the plurality of hardware, software, or telecommunications assets comprises one or more of operating conditions, workloads, or failures of the plurality of hardware, software, or telecommunications assets.

16. method as recited in claim 7, wherein the particular physical location of the organization identified in the request specifies a specific floor of a specific building located in a specific city.

17. A method as recited in claim 16, wherein the specific city identified in the request is remote from a city where the global inventory is maintained.

18. One or more computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed on one or more processors, performs acts comprising:
receiving, from a managed data system, an identification of a physical location within an organization of at least one of a hardware device, a software application, or a telecommunications device, the identification received from the managed data system being manually entered into the managed data system by a human administrator;
receiving, from a discovery tool, data pertaining to the hardware device, the software application, or the telecommunications device, the data received from the
discovery tool being automatically collected by the discovery tool without human intervention; and
storing the identification of the physical location and the data pertaining to the hardware device, the software application, or the telecommunications device within a database, the storing comprising:
converting a plurality of raw data records into a plurality of source data records;
providing the plurality of source data records to a plurality of staging tables for creating a plurality of staging data records, the plurality of staging data records providing for generation of customized reports; and
configuring a refresher to initiate a process to update the plurality of staging data records, the process comprising:
comparing the plurality of staging data records to the corresponding plurality of source data records to determine a percentage of the plurality of staging data records that need to be updated;
responsive to determining that the percentage is less than a pre-determined threshold value, proceeding with the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
responsive to determining that the percentage is greater than the pre-determined threshold value, aborting the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
receiving a query from a reporting tool for specific information pertaining to an identified software asset deployed within the organization; and
providing the specific information to the reporting tool responsive to the query so as to facilitate generation of a report containing the specific information by the reporting tool.

19. One or more computer readable media as recited in claim 18, wherein the database contains a global inventory of hardware devices, software applications, and telecommunications devices distributed throughout the organization.

20. One or more computer-readable media as recited in claim 18, wherein the database contains a global inventory of physical locations of hardware devices, software applications, and telecommunications devices distributed throughout the organization.

21. A computing system, comprising:
memory residing within one or more servers; and
a global inventory warehouse stored in the memory, comprising:
a receiver to receive a data record identifying a particular physical location within an organization of a hardware device, a software application, or a telecommunications device distributed within the organization;
a converter for receiving a plurality of raw data records, the plurality of raw data records being converted into a plurality of source data records; and a global inventory warehouse database to store the data record within a global inventory that contains an identification of substantially all of the organization's hardware devices, software applications, and telecommunications devices, the global inventory warehouse database comprising:
a plurality of source tables for receiving the plurality of source data records and providing the plurality of source records to a plurality of staging tables for creating a plurality of staging data records, the plurality of staging data records providing for the generation of customized reports; and
a refresher configured to initiate a process to update the plurality of staging data records, the refresher further configured to compare the plurality of staging data records to the corresponding plurality of source data records to determine a percentage of the plurality of staging data records that need to be updated, responsive to determining the percentage is less than a pre-determined threshold value, proceeding with the updating of the plurality of staging data records, and responsive to determining that the percentage is greater than the pre-determined threshold value, aborting the updating of the plurality of staging data records;
a reporting tool configured to receive a query for specific information pertaining to an identified software asset deployed within the organization and receive and process the specific information responsive to the query so as to facilitate generation of a report containing the specific information.

22. A computing system as recited in claim 21, wherein the global inventory also contains an identification of a corresponding particular physical location of each of the substantially all of the organization's hardware devices, software applications, and telecommunications devices identified in the global inventory.

23. A computing system as recited in claim 21, wherein the global inventory comprises a first inventory and a second inventory and the global inventory warehouse database comprises:
a source table to receive the data record from the receiver and store the data record within the first inventory; and a staging table to receive the data record from the source table and store the data record within the second inventory, the second inventory to maintain both a history of information pertaining to the hardware device, software application, or telecommunications device and up-to-date information pertaining to the hardware device, software application, or telecommunications device.