113TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5728 

AN ACT 

To amend the Communications Act of 1934 and title 17, 

United States Code, to extend expiring provisions relating to the retransmission of signals of television broadcast stations, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘STELA Reauthorization Act of 2014’’. 

4 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

5 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. No additional appropriations authorized. 

TITLE I—COMMUNICATIONS PROVISIONS 

Sec. 101. Extension of authority. 

Sec. 102. Modification of television markets to further consumer access to relevant television programming. 

Sec. 103. Consumer protections in retransmission consent. 

Sec. 104. Delayed application of JSA attribution rule. 

Sec. 105. Deletion or repositioning of stations during certain periods. 

Sec. 106. Repeal of integration ban. 

Sec. 107. Report on communications implications of statutory licensing modifications. 

Sec. 108. Local network channel broadcast reports. 

Sec. 109. Report on designated market areas. 

Sec. 110. Update to cable rates report. 

Sec. 111. Administrative reforms to effective competition petitions. 

Sec. 112. Definitions. 

TITLE II—COPYRIGHT PROVISIONS 

Sec. 201. Reauthorization. 

Sec. 202. Termination of license. 

Sec. 203. Local service area of a primary transmitter. 

Sec. 204. Market determinations. 

TITLE III—SEVERABILITY 

Sec. 301. Severability. 

6 SEC. 2. NO ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED. 

7 No additional funds are authorized to carry out this 

8 Act, or the amendments made by this Act. This Act, and 

9 the amendments made by this Act, shall be carried out 

10 using amounts otherwise authorized or appropriated. 
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1 TITLE I—COMMUNICATIONS 

2 PROVISIONS 

3 SEC. 101. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY. 

4 Section 325(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 

5 (47 U.S.C. 325(b)) is amended— 

6 (1) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ‘‘December 

7 31, 2014’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2019’’; and 

8 (2) in paragraph (3)(C), by striking ‘‘January 

9 1, 2015’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Janu10 ary 1, 2020’’. 

11 SEC. 102. MODIFICATION OF TELEVISION MARKETS TO 

12 FURTHER CONSUMER ACCESS TO RELEVANT 

13 TELEVISION PROGRAMMING. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 338 of the Communica15 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 338) is amended by adding 

16 at the end the following: 

17 ‘‘(l) MARKET DETERMINATIONS.— 

18 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Following a written re19 quest, the Commission may, with respect to a par20 ticular commercial television broadcast station, in21 clude additional communities within its local market 

22 or exclude communities from such station’s local 

23 market to better effectuate the purposes of this sec24 tion. 
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1 ‘‘(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In considering re2 quests filed under paragraph (1), the Commission— 

3 ‘‘(A) may determine that particular com4 munities are part of more than one local mar5 ket; and 

6 ‘‘(B) shall afford particular attention to 

7 the value of localism by taking into account 

8 such factors as— 

9 ‘‘(i) whether the station, or other sta10 tions located in the same area— 

11 ‘‘(I) have been historically carried 

12 on the cable system or systems within 

13 such community; or 

14 ‘‘(II) have been historically car15 ried on the satellite carrier or carriers 

16 serving such community; 

17 ‘‘(ii) whether the television station 

18 provides coverage or other local service to 

19 such community; 

20 ‘‘(iii) whether modifying the local 

21 market of the television station would pro22 mote consumers’ access to television broad23 cast station signals that originate in their 

24 State of residence; 
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1 ‘‘(iv) whether any other television sta2 tion that is eligible to be carried by a sat3 ellite carrier in such community in fulfill4 ment of the requirements of this section 

5 provides news coverage of issues of concern 

6 to such community or provides carriage or 

7 coverage of sporting and other events of 

8 interest to the community; and 

9 ‘‘(v) evidence of viewing patterns in 

10 households that subscribe and do not sub11 scribe to the services offered by multi12 channel video programming distributors 

13 within the areas served by such multi14 channel video programming distributors in 

15 such community. 

16 ‘‘(3) CARRIAGE OF SIGNALS.— 

17 ‘‘(A) CARRIAGE OBLIGATION.—A market 

18 determination under this subsection shall not 

19 create additional carriage obligations for a sat20 ellite carrier if it is not technically and economi21 cally feasible for such carrier to accomplish 

22 such carriage by means of its satellites in oper23 ation at the time of the determination. 

24 ‘‘(B) DELETION OF SIGNALS.—A satellite 

25 carrier shall not delete from carriage the signal 
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1 of a commercial television broadcast station 

2 during the pendency of any proceeding under 

3 this subsection. 

4 ‘‘(4) DETERMINATIONS.—Not later than 120 

5 days after the date that a written request is filed 

6 under paragraph (1), the Commission shall grant or 

7 deny the request. 

8 ‘‘(5) NO EFFECT ON ELIGIBILITY TO RECEIVE

9 DISTANT SIGNALS.—No modification of a commer10 cial television broadcast station’s local market pursu11 ant to this subsection shall have any effect on the 

12 eligibility of households in the community affected 

13 by such modification to receive distant signals pur14 suant to section 339, notwithstanding subsection 

15 (h)(1) of this section.’’. 

16 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 

17 614(h)(1)(C) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

18 U.S.C. 534(h)(1)(C)) is amended— 

19 (1) in clause (ii)— 

20 (A) in subclause (I), by striking ‘‘commu21 nity’’ and inserting ‘‘community or on the sat22 ellite carrier or carriers serving such commu23 nity’’; 

24 (B) by redesignating subclauses (III) and 

25 (IV) as subclauses (IV) and (V), respectively; 
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1 (C) by inserting after subclause (II) the 

2 following: 

3 ‘‘(III) whether modifying the market 

4 of the television station would promote 

5 consumers’ access to television broadcast 

6 station signals that originate in their State 

7 of residence;’’; and 

8 (D) by amending subclause (V), as redesig9 nated, to read as follows: 

10 ‘‘(V) evidence of viewing patterns in 

11 households that subscribe and do not sub12 scribe to the services offered by multi13 channel video programming distributors 

14 within the areas served by such multi15 channel video programming distributors in 

16 such community.’’; and 

17 (2) by moving the margin of clause (iv) 2 ems 

18 to the left. 

19 (c) MARKET MODIFICATION PROCESS.—The Com20 mission shall make information available to consumers on 

21 its website that explains the market modification process, 

22 including— 

23 (1) who may petition to include additional com24 munities within, or exclude communities from, a— 
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1 (A) local market (as defined in section 

2 122(j) of title 17, United States Code); or 

3 (B) television market (as determined under 

4 section 614(h)(1)(C) of the Communications 

5 Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 534(h)(1)(C))); and 

6 (2) the factors that the Commission takes into 

7 account when responding to a petition described in 

8 paragraph (1). 

9 (d) IMPLEMENTATION.— 

10 (1) DEADLINE FOR REGULATIONS.—Not later 

11 than 9 months after the date of the enactment of 

12 this Act, the Commission shall promulgate regula13 tions to implement this section and the amendments 

14 made by this section. 

15 (2) MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION.—As part of 

16 the rulemaking required by paragraph (1), the Com17 mission shall ensure that procedures for the filing 

18 and consideration of a written request under sec19 tions 338(l) and 614(h)(1)(C) of the Communica20 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 338(l); 534(h)(1)(C)) 

21 fully effectuate the purposes of the amendments 

22 made by this section, and update what it considers 

23 to be a community for purposes of a modification of 

24 a market under section 338(l) or 614(h)(1)(C) of 

25 the Communications Act of 1934. 
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1 SEC. 103. CONSUMER PROTECTIONS IN RETRANSMISSION 

2 CONSENT. 

3 (a) JOINT RETRANSMISSION CONSENT NEGOTIA4 TIONS.—Section 325(b)(3)(C) of the Communications Act 

5 of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 325(b)(3)(C)) is amended— 

6 (1) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

7 (2) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the 

8 end and inserting a semicolon; and 

9 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

10 ‘‘(iv) prohibit a television broadcast station 

11 from coordinating negotiations or negotiating on a 

12 joint basis with another television broadcast station 

13 in the same local market (as defined in section 

14 122(j) of title 17, United States Code) to grant re15 transmission consent under this section to a multi16 channel video programming distributor, unless such 

17 stations are directly or indirectly under common de 

18 jure control permitted under the regulations of the 

19 Commission; and’’. 

20 (b) PROTECTIONS FOR SIGNIFICANTLY VIEWED AND

21 OTHER TELEVISION SIGNALS.—Section 325(b)(3)(C) of 

22 the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 

23 325(b)(3)(C)) is further amended by adding at the end 

24 the following: 

25 ‘‘(v) prohibit a television broadcast station from 

26 limiting the ability of a multichannel video program-
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1 ming distributor to carry into the local market (as 

2 defined in section 122(j) of title 17, United States 

3 Code) of such station a television signal that has 

4 been deemed significantly viewed, within the mean5 ing of section 76.54 of title 47, Code of Federal 

6 Regulations, or any successor regulation, or any 

7 other television broadcast signal such distributor is 

8 authorized to carry under section 338, 339, 340, or 

9 614 of this Act, unless such stations are directly or 

10 indirectly under common de jure control permitted 

11 by the Commission.’’. 

12 (c) GOOD FAITH.—Not later than 9 months after the 

13 date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall 

14 commence a rulemaking to review its totality of the cir15 cumstances test for good faith negotiations under clauses 

16 (ii) and (iii) of section 325(b)(3)(C) of the Communica17 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 325(b)(3)(C)). 

18 (d) MARGIN CORRECTIONS.—Section 325(b) of the 

19 Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 325(b)) is fur20 ther amended— 

21 (1) in paragraph (3)(C), by moving the margin 

22 of clause (iii) 4 ems to the left; and 

23 (2) by moving the margin of paragraph (7) 2 

24 ems to the left. 
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1 (e) DEADLINE FOR REGULATIONS.—Not later than 

2 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

3 Commission shall promulgate regulations to implement 

4 the amendments made by this section. 

5 SEC. 104. DELAYED APPLICATION OF JSA ATTRIBUTION 

6 RULE. 

7 A party to a joint sales agreement (as defined in Note 

8 2(k) to section 73.3555 of title 47, Code of Federal Regu9 lations) that is in effect on the effective date of the amend10 ment to Note 2(k)(2) to such section made by the Further 

11 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and Report and Order 

12 adopted by the Commission on March 31, 2014 (FCC 14– 

13 28), shall not be considered to be in violation of the owner14 ship limitations of such section by reason of the applica15 tion of the rule in such Note 2(k)(2) (as so amended) to 

16 such agreement before the date that is 6 months after the 

17 end of the period specified by the Commission in such Re18 port and Order for such a party to come into compliance 

19 with such ownership limitations. 

20 SEC. 105. DELETION OR REPOSITIONING OF STATIONS DUR21 ING CERTAIN PERIODS. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 614(b)(9) of the Commu23 nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 534(b)(9)) is amended 

24 by striking the second sentence. 
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1 (b) REVISION OF RULES.—Not later than 90 days 

2 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commis3 sion shall revise section 76.1601 of its rules (47 CFR 

4 76.1601) and any note to such section by removing the 

5 prohibition against deletion or repositioning of a local 

6 commercial television station during a period in which 

7 major television ratings services measure the size of audi8 ences of local television stations. 

9 SEC. 106. REPEAL OF INTEGRATION BAN. 

10 (a) TERMINATION OF EFFECTIVENESS.—The second 

11 sentence of section 76.1204(a)(1) of title 47, Code of Fed12 eral Regulations, terminates effective on the date that is 

13 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act. 

14 (b) REMOVAL FROM RULES.—Not later than 545 

15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Com16 mission shall complete all actions necessary to remove the 

17 sentence described in subsection (a) from its rules. 

18 (c) PRESERVATION OF WAIVERS.—Any waiver of sec19 tion 76.1204(a)(1) of title 47, Code of Federal Regula20 tions, in effect as of the date of the enactment of this 

21 Act or granted after such date shall be extended through 

22 December 31, 2015. 

23 (d) WORKING GROUP.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 45 days after 

25 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Chairman 
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1 of the Commission shall establish a working group 

2 of technical experts representing a wide range of 

3 stakeholders, to identify, report, and recommend 

4 performance objectives, technical capabilities, and 

5 technical standards of a not unduly burdensome, 

6 uniform, and technology- and platform-neutral soft7 ware-based downloadable security system designed to 

8 promote the competitive availability of navigation de9 vices in furtherance of section 629 of the Commu10 nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 549). 

11 (2) REPORT.—Not later than 9 months after 

12 the date of the enactment of this Act, the working 

13 group shall file a report with the Commission on its 

14 work under paragraph (1). 

15 (3) COMMISSION ASSISTANCE.—The Chairman 

16 of the Commission may appoint a member of the 

17 Commission’s staff— 

18 (A) to moderate and direct the work of the 

19 working group under this subsection; and 

20 (B) to provide technical assistance to mem21 bers of the working group, as appropriate. 

22 (4) INITIAL MEETING.—The initial meeting of 

23 the working group shall take place not later than 90 

24 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
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1 SEC. 107. REPORT ON COMMUNICATIONS IMPLICATIONS OF 

2 STATUTORY LICENSING MODIFICATIONS. 

3 (a) STUDY.—The Comptroller General of the United 

4 States shall conduct a study that analyzes and evaluates 

5 the changes to the carriage requirements currently im6 posed on multichannel video programming distributors 

7 under the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 

8 et seq.) and the regulations promulgated by the Commis9 sion that would be required or beneficial to consumers, 

10 and such other matters as the Comptroller General con11 siders appropriate, if Congress implemented a phase-out 

12 of the current statutory licensing requirements set forth 

13 under sections 111, 119, and 122 of title 17, United 

14 States Code. Among other things, the study shall consider 

15 the impact such a phase-out and related changes to car16 riage requirements would have on consumer prices and ac17 cess to programming. 

18 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 

19 date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 

20 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

21 a report on the results of the study conducted under sub22 section (a), including any recommendations for legislative 

23 or administrative actions. Such report shall also include 

24 a discussion of any differences between such results and 

25 the results of the study conducted under section 303 of 
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1 the Satellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 

2 2010 (124 Stat. 1255). 

3 SEC. 108. LOCAL NETWORK CHANNEL BROADCAST RE4 PORTS. 

5 (a) REQUIREMENT.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—On the 270th day after the 

7 date of the enactment of this Act, and on each suc8 ceeding anniversary of such 270th day, each satellite 

9 carrier shall submit an annual report to the Com10 mission setting forth— 

11 (A) each local market in which it— 

12 (i) retransmits signals of 1 or more 

13 television broadcast stations with a com14 munity of license in that market; 

15 (ii) has commenced providing such 

16 signals in the preceding 1-year period; and 

17 (iii) has ceased to provide such signals 

18 in the preceding 1-year period; and 

19 (B) detailed information regarding the use 

20 and potential use of satellite capacity for the re21 transmission of local signals in each local mar22 ket. 

23 (2) TERMINATION.—The requirement under 

24 paragraph (1) shall cease after each satellite carrier 

25 has submitted 5 reports under such paragraph. 
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1 (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

2 (1) the terms ‘‘local market’’ and ‘‘satellite car3 rier’’ have the meaning given such terms in section 

4 339(d) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

5 U.S.C. 339(d)); and 

6 (2) the term ‘‘television broadcast station’’ has 

7 the meaning given such term in section 325(b)(7) of 

8 the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 

9 325(b)(7)). 

10 SEC. 109. REPORT ON DESIGNATED MARKET AREAS. 

11 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after 

12 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission 

13 shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 

14 a report that contains— 

15 (1) an analysis of— 

16 (A) the extent to which consumers in each 

17 local market have access to broadcast program18 ming from television broadcast stations located 

19 outside their local market, including through 

20 carriage by cable operators and satellite carriers 

21 of signals that are significantly viewed (within 

22 the meaning of section 340 of the Communica23 tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 340)); and 

24 (B) whether there are technologically and 

25 economically feasible alternatives to the use of 
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1 designated market areas to define markets that 

2 would provide consumers with more program3 ming options and the potential impact such al4 ternatives could have on localism and on broad5 cast television locally, regionally, and nationally; 

6 and 

7 (2) recommendations on how to foster increased 

8 localism in counties served by out-of-State des9 ignated market areas. 

10 (b) CONSIDERATIONS FOR FOSTERING INCREASED

11 LOCALISM.—In making recommendations under sub12 section (a)(2), the Commission shall consider— 

13 (1) the impact that designated market areas 

14 that cross State lines have on access to local pro15 gramming; 

16 (2) the impact that designated market areas 

17 have on local programming in rural areas; and 

18 (3) the state of local programming in States 

19 served exclusively by out-of-State designated market 

20 areas. 

21 SEC. 110. UPDATE TO CABLE RATES REPORT. 

22 Section 623(k) of the Communications Act of 1934 

23 (47 U.S.C. 543(k)) is amended to read as follows: 

24 ‘‘(k) REPORTS ON AVERAGE PRICES.— 
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1 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall an2 nually publish statistical reports on the average 

3 rates for basic cable service and other cable pro4 gramming, and for converter boxes, remote control 

5 units, and other equipment of cable systems that the 

6 Commission has found are subject to effective com7 petition under subsection (a)(2) compared with cable 

8 systems that the Commission has found are not sub9 ject to such effective competition. 

10 ‘‘(2) INCLUSION IN ANNUAL REPORT.— 

11 ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall 

12 include in its report under paragraph (1) the 

13 aggregate average total amount paid by cable 

14 systems in compensation under section 325. 

15 ‘‘(B) FORM.—The Commission shall pub16 lish information under this paragraph in a 

17 manner substantially similar to the way other 

18 comparable information is published in such re19 port.’’. 

20 SEC. 111. ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS TO EFFECTIVE COM21 PETITION PETITIONS. 

22 Section 623 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 

23 U.S.C. 543) is amended by adding at the end the fol24 lowing: 
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1 ‘‘(o) STREAMLINED PETITION PROCESS FOR SMALL

2 CABLE OPERATORS.— 

3 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

4 after the date of the enactment of this subsection, 

5 the Commission shall complete a rulemaking to es6 tablish a streamlined process for filing of an effec7 tive competition petition pursuant to this section for 

8 small cable operators, particularly those who serve 

9 primarily rural areas. 

10 ‘‘(2) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sub11 section shall be construed to have any effect on the 

12 duty of a small cable operator to prove the existence 

13 of effective competition under this section. 

14 ‘‘(3) DEFINITION OF SMALL CABLE OPER15 ATOR.—In this subsection, the term ‘small cable op16 erator’ has the meaning given the term in subsection 

17 (m)(2).’’. 

18 SEC. 112. DEFINITIONS. 

19 In this title: 

20 (1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT21 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com22 mittees’’ means the Committee on Energy and Com23 merce and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

24 House of Representatives and the Committee on 
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1 Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 

2 Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate. 

3 (2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 

4 means the Federal Communications Commission. 

5 TITLE II—COPYRIGHT 

6 PROVISIONS 

7 SEC. 201. REAUTHORIZATION. 

8 Chapter 1 of title 17, United States Code, is amend9 ed— 

10 (1) in section 111(d)(3)— 

11 (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 

12 (A), by striking ‘‘clause’’ and inserting ‘‘para13 graph’’; and 

14 (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 

15 ‘‘clause’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph’’; and 

16 (2) in section 119— 

17 (A) in subsection (c)(1)(E), by striking 

18 ‘‘2014’’ and inserting ‘‘2019’’; and 

19 (B) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘2014’’ 

20 and inserting ‘‘2019’’. 

21 SEC. 202. TERMINATION OF LICENSE. 

22 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 119 of title 17, United 

23 States Code, as amended in section 201, is amended by 

24 adding at the end the following: 
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1 ‘‘(h) TERMINATION OF LICENSE.—This section shall 

2 cease to be effective on December 31, 2019.’’. 

3 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 107(a) of 

4 the Satellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 

5 2010 (17 U.S.C. 119 note) is repealed. 

6 SEC. 203. LOCAL SERVICE AREA OF A PRIMARY TRANS7 MITTER. 

8 Section 111(f)(4) of title 17, United States Code, is 

9 amended, in the second sentence— 

10 (1) by inserting ‘‘as defined by the rules and 

11 regulations of the Federal Communications Commis12 sion,’’ after ‘‘television station,’’; 

13 (2) by striking ‘‘comprises the area within 35 

14 miles of the transmitter site, except that’’ and in15 serting ‘‘comprises the designated market area, as 

16 defined in section 122(j)(2)(C), that encompasses 

17 the community of license of such station and any 

18 community that is located outside such designated 

19 market area that is either wholly or partially within 

20 35 miles of the transmitter site or,’’; and 

21 (3) by striking ‘‘the number of miles shall be 20 

22 miles’’ and inserting ‘‘wholly or partially within 20 

23 miles of such transmitter site’’. 
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1 SEC. 204. MARKET DETERMINATIONS. 

2 Section 122(j)(2) of title 17, United States Code, is 

3 amended— 

4 (1) by moving the margins of subparagraphs 

5 (B), (C), and (D) 2 ems to the left; and 

6 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(E) MARKET DETERMINATIONS.—The 

8 local market of a commercial television broad9 cast station may be modified by the Federal 

10 Communications Commission in accordance 

11 with section 338(l) of the Communications Act 

12 of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 338).’’. 

13 TITLE III—SEVERABILITY 

14 SEC. 301. SEVERABILITY. 

15 If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by 

16 this Act, or the application of such provision or amend17 ment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconsti18 tutional, the remainder of this Act, the amendments made 

19 by this Act, and the application of such provision or 
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1 amendment to any person or circumstance shall not be af2 fected thereby. 

Passed the House of Representatives November 19, 

2014. 

Attest: 

Clerk. 
113TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5728 

AN ACT 

To amend the Communications Act of 1934 and 

other purposes. nals of television broadcast stations, and for provisions relating to the retransmission of sigtitle 17, United States Code, to extend expiring