SOCIAL SECURITY

DISABILITY INSURANCE PROGRAM

DISABLED WORKER EXPERIENCE

ACTUARIAL STUDY NO. 125

by Nettie J. Barrick-Funk

Social Security Administration

Office of the Chief Actuary

August 2020

SSA Pub. No. 11-11543
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I. ENTITLEMENT TO DISABILITY INSURANCE BENEFITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A. Disability Insured Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

B. Filing an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

C. Definition of Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

D. Waiting Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

II. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY DETERMINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

A. Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

B. Listing of Impairments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

C. Residual Functional Capacity (RFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

D. Determination and Appeals Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

E. Determination Experience of DI Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

III. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY INCIDENCE AND AWARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

A. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

B. Diagnostic Group Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

C. Award and Incidence Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

IV. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY BENEFIT TERMINATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

A. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

B. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

C. Recent Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

D. Actuarial Analysis—Death (2011-15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

E. Actuarial Analysis—Recovery (2011-15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

F. Actuarial Analysis—Death or Recovery (2011-15). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

G. Annuity Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Tables 1-31B (See List of Tables). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-82

V. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

A. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

B. Data Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

C. Data Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

D. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

E. Entitlement Age and Exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

F. Duration and Graduation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

G. Continuance Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

H. Expected Future Time on Rolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

I. Probabilities and Absolute Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

J. Annuity Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

K. Adjusted Decrement Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

L. Processing Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

M. Basis for Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

N. Average Monthly Benefit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

VI. TUTORIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

VII. GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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HISTORICAL TABLES

1 Disposition of Worker Applications for Disability Benefits, by Level of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2A Disabled Worker Benefits Awarded: Percentage Distribution, by Impairment Category . . . . . . . . 20

2B Disabled Worker Benefits In Current-Payment Status: Percentage Distribution, 

by Impairment Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3 Disabled Worker Benefits Awarded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4 Disabled Worker Incidence Rates Per Thousand Exposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5 Disabled Worker Benefit Terminations, Conversions, and Ratios to In-force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6 Disabled Worker Benefits In Current-Payment Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

DISABLED WORKER DEATH EXPERIENCE

BY ENTITLEMENT AGE AND DURATION (2011-15)

Probability of Death

7A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7C Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Benefit Continuance Tables (excluding recovery)

8A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

8B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8C Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Expected Time on Combined Rolls (excluding recovery)

9A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

9B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

9C Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Absolute Death Rate Per Thousand Entitled

10A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

10B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

10C Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Time on Combined Rolls (excluding recovery)

11 Disabled Workers, by Entitlement Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

12 Disabled Workers, by Attained Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

13 Disabled Workers, by Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Table Description Page

LIST OF TABLES
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DISABLED WORKER RECOVERY EXPERIENCE

BY ENTITLEMENT AGE AND DURATION (2011-15)

Probability of Recovery

14A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

14B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Benefit Continuance Tables (excluding death)

15A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

15B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Expected Time on DI Rolls (excluding death)

16A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

16B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Absolute Recovery Rate Per Thousand Entitled

17A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

17B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Aggregate Probability of Recovery and Expected Time on DI Rolls (excluding death)

18 Disabled Workers, by Entitlement Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

19 Disabled Workers, by Attained Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

20 Disabled Workers, by Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

DISABLED WORKER COMBINED DEATH AND RECOVERY EXPERIENCE

BY ENTITLEMENT AGE AND DURATION (2011-15)

Probability of Death or Recovery

21A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

21B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Benefit Continuance Tables

22A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

22B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

22C Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Expected Time on Combined Rolls

23A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

23B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Expected Time on DI Rolls

24A Male Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

24B Female Disabled Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Aggregate Probability of Death or Recovery and Expected Time on the Rolls

25 Disabled Workers, by Entitlement Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
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26 Disabled Workers, by Attained Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

27 Disabled Workers, by Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

ANNUITY TABLES

Life Annuity

28A Male Disabled Workers (Annual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

28B Male Disabled Workers (Monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

29A Female Disabled Workers (Annual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

29B Female Disabled Workers (Monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Life Annuity to Age 66

30A Male Disabled Workers (Annual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

30B Male Disabled Workers (Monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

31A Female Disabled Workers (Annual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

31B Female Disabled Workers (Monthly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
.
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1

1 Substantial Gainful Activity Amounts 

for the Disability Insurance Program 1970-2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Disabled Worker Awards 

by Age Group, Calendar Years 1995-2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Disabled Worker Terminations and Conversions, 

Calendar Years 1995-2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 Disabled Worker Termination and Conversion Ratios, 

Calendar Years 1995-2019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure Description Page

LIST OF FIGURES

ix

INTRODUCTION

The Social Security Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program makes monthly benefits

available to insured workers and their families at retirement, death, or disability. The OASDI program consists of two

separate and legally distinct parts. Retired workers, their families, and survivors of deceased workers receive monthly

benefits under the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) program. Disabled workers and their families receive

monthly benefits under the Disability Insurance (DI) program.

The most recent work dedicated to analyzing the experience of disabled worker beneficiaries under the DI program is

Actuarial Study #123, Social Security Disability Insurance Program Worker Experience (August 2015). That earlier

study examined historical data with regard to disability incidence and benefit termination through calendar year 2014.

A comprehensive analysis of termination activity of the DI rolls was also presented based on 100 percent worker data

collected for the 5-year period 2006-10. The overall content of Actuarial Study #125, and the methods used to prepare

those results, are consistent with those of the prior study; namely, disability incidence and benefit termination is

examined through calendar year 2019, and a comprehensive analysis of termination activity is presented for the

5-year period 2011-15. Details of the underlying methodology for table construction are outlined in the appendix of

this study.

While this study provides extensive information on recent actual DI disabled worker experience, it does not report on

the projected future operations of the DI Trust Fund, nor does it provide information on other types of disability

benefits administered by the Social Security Administration. Much information on these other topics is available in

various publications on our website at www.ssa.gov/OACT. In particular, projections of the future actuarial status and

financial operations of the OASI and DI Trust Funds are presented in the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of

the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds (see www.ssa.gov/

OACT/TR/2020/index.html for the detailed information on the 2020 edition of that report).

1

 SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY INSURANCE PROGRAM

DISABLED WORKER EXPERIENCE

I. ENTITLEMENT TO DISABILITY INSURANCE BENEFITS

The Social Security Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program provides for monthly disability insurance benefits after the onset of a severe physical or mental

impairment. To become entitled to such benefits a worker

must:

• Be insured for disability under the Social Security Act; 

• File a claim for disability insurance benefits; 

• Meet the definition of disability set forth in the Act;

• Complete a five month waiting period; and

• Have not attained normal retirement age (see table below).

A worker’s cash benefit is classified as an award at the time of

initial payment. Additional auxiliary benefits may also be payable to other family members based on the earnings record of

the entitled worker. This study analyzes the experience of disabled workers of the Social Security Disability Insurance (DI)

program as described under Title II of the Social Security Act.

A. Disability Insured Status

To qualify for Social Security benefits for themselves and their

dependents, individuals must work in employment covered by

Social Security or be self-employed for a certain period of

time. Credit for this work is based on the amount of wages or

self-employment income earned and is measured in quarters of

coverage (QCs), or credits.

1

Entitlement to any benefit depends on whether the number of

credits earned by a worker is sufficient to meet various insured

status requirements. To be considered for disability benefits, a

worker must be disability insured. This requires having

obtained a specific number of credits in recent quarters, as well

as enough total credits to be fully insured—at least 6 and no

more than 40 credits are required for this fully insured status.2

For a worker age 31 or older, the recency-of-work test is satisfied if the worker has earned at least 20 credits during a 40-

quarter period that ends with the quarter in which the disability

begins.

A special recency-of-work test for younger workers provides

an alternative to the 20/40 requirement. A worker who

becomes disabled before the quarter in which he or she attains

age 31 satisfies the special test requirement if credits have been

earned for at least one-half of the quarters during the period

beginning with the quarter after the quarter the worker attained

age 21, and ending with the quarter in which the disability

began. If this period contains 12 or fewer quarters—that is, if

the disability begins in the quarter the worker attains age 24 or

earlier—then a minimum of six credits must be earned in the

12-quarter period ending with the quarter in which the disability began.

Note that an individual who is disabled because of statutory

blindness is not required to satisfy the recency-of-work test.

Disability insured status is granted if the worker is fully

insured only.

B. Filing an Application

An individual must file an application to become entitled to

benefits. In general, a claimant may file for DI benefits at any

time after onset of disability. A claimant who files after the first

month he could have been entitled to benefits may receive retroactive benefits for up to 12 months immediately prior to the

month of filing.

Retroactive benefits are also payable for any month of entitlement beginning with the month of filing and leading up to the

month of award. The number of months of retroactive benefits

paid in these instances ultimately depends on how long it takes

to receive a favorable determination of disability. See Appendix L for details on processing time.

Scheduled Changes in Normal Retirement Age1

1 Persons born on January 1 of any year should refer to the normal retirement 

age for the previous year. This table does not apply to widow(er) benefits.

Year of birth

Normal

retirement

age 

Year attaining

normal retirement

age 

1937 and earlier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2002 or earlier

1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 2 mos 2003-04

1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 4 mos 2004-05

1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 6 mos 2005-06

1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 8 mos 2006-07

1942 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 10 mos 2007-08

1943-54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 2009-2020

1955 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 2 mos 2021-22

1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 4 mos 2022-23

1957 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 6 mos 2023-24

1958 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 8 mos 2024-25

1959 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 10 mos 2025-26

1960 and later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2027 or later

1 In 2020, a worker receives one credit (up to a maximum of four) for each 

$1,410 of annual covered earnings. This amount is indexed each year by the 

increase in average wages, if any. For determining QCs, different rules apply to 

earnings before 1978, and a simplified method applies for the 1937-50 period.

2 A fully insured worker has at least one credit (whenever acquired) for each 

year starting with the year the worker attains age 22 and ending with the year 

before the year the worker attains age 62, becomes disabled, or dies (whichever occurs earliest)—credits are not required for years that are partially or 

fully within a period of disability.
2

A claimant may also file for benefits no later than 12 months

after the month in which the disability ends. In these instances,

retroactive benefits are payable only for those months of entitlement within the 12-month period immediately prior to the

month of filing. For purposes of establishing a closed period of

disability freeze3

, there are exceptions where the claimant is

allowed to file no later than 36 months after the month in

which disability ends.

C. Definition of Disability

For purposes of entitlement to DI benefits, disability is defined

as the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity

(SGA) by reason of any medically determinable physical or

mental impairment. The impairment must be expected to result

in death or to last for a continuous period of at least 12

months—called the duration requirement. Specifically, the disability must be of such severity that the claimant is not only

unable to perform previous work, but also unable to do any

other kind of substantial gainful work that exists in the national

economy, considering the claimant’s age, education, and work

experience. It is irrelevant whether such work is available in

the claimant’s immediate area, or whether the claimant would

be hired upon applying for work.

SSA uses a five-step sequential evaluation process to decide

whether the claimant meets the definition of disability. Claim

processing for Title II benefits of the Act stops as soon as a

determination—favorable or unfavorable—can be reached. See

Appendix M for details on basis for decision.

Step 1—Determine if claimant is engaging in SGA. If the

claimant is working and the work constitutes SGA, then the

claimant is not disabled for Social Security purposes. Otherwise, the adjudicator continues with claim processing.

Step 2—Determine if the impairment is “severe”. The impairment or combination of impairments must significantly limit

the claimant’s physical or mental ability to do basic work activities, and must also be expected to last 12 months or result in

death. The adjudicator will rule against a claim of disability if

the impairment is not severe. Otherwise claim processing continues.

Step 3—Determine if the severity of the impairment(s) meets

or medically equals a set of criteria in the Listing of Impairments. The adjudicator will rule in favor of a disability if the

impairment is counted among examples of impairments that

the agency considers severe enough to prevent the claimant

from engaging in SGA, and the duration requirement is met.

These examples are found in the listing of impairments4

. Otherwise claim processing continues with the assessment of the

claimant’s residual functional capacity (RFC) - the most the

claimant can still do despite any limitations imposed by the

impairment(s) - and proceeds to the medical-vocational stage

of the determination process.

Step 4—Determine if the claimant has the RFC to do his or

her past relevant work. If the RFC indicates that the claimant’s

past work duties cannot be accomplished, usually as generally

performed in the economy, then claim processing continues.

Step 5—Determine if the impairment prevents the claimant

from engaging in any other work that exists in significant

numbers in the national economy. The adjudicator will rule in

favor of a disability if the claimant is unable to perform any

other work given his or her RFC, age, education, and work

experience, and the duration requirement is met. Otherwise the

claimant is found to be not disabled for Social Security purposes.

The same definition of disability is applied to each of the following types of adult claimants5:

• Disabled worker;

• Disabled child age 18 or over based on a disability which

occurred before age 22;

• Disabled widow(er) or surviving divorced spouse, age 50-

59, of a person who died fully insured—for benefits

payable after December 1990;

• Disabled adults and disabled children who attain age 18

under the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program as

described under Title XVI of the Social Security Act—this

means-tested cash benefits program is also administered

by the Social Security Administration (SSA).

D. Waiting Period

The waiting period for DI benefits consists of five consecutive

full calendar months beginning with the earliest full calendar

month throughout which the worker satisfied both the disability insured requirements and definition of disability. Benefits

are not payable during the waiting period. However, the waiting period is waived for individuals who had a prior period of

disability which ended within five years of the current period

of disability. In contrast, there is no waiting period for disability benefits under the SSI program.

3 Freeze provisions were enacted to preserve the rights of individuals who are 

under a disability. Under these provisions, a worker’s earnings record can be 

“frozen” at a time he or she qualifies for a period of disability, thereby preserving insured status and preventing loss of future disability or retirement benefits 

that would result from using zero or low earnings, during a period of disability, 

in the computation of benefits.

4 See www.ssa.gov/disability/professionals/bluebook/AdultListings.htm. 5 SSA uses special provisions for the evaluation of disability in cases of statutory blindness, and disabled widow(er) or disabled surviving divorced spouse

benefits payable before January 1991.
3

II. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY DETERMINATIONS 

SSA takes applications for worker disability benefits over the

internet, over the phone, or in person at one of more than 1,200

local field offices. State agencies make disability and blindness

determinations under regulations containing performance standards and other administrative requirements. A claim may be

denied for technical reasons, if the claimant:

• Is not disability insured;

• Is engaging in SGA;

• Dies before being disabled for five full months;

• Is not under normal retirement age (NRA).

Upon satisfying the technical aspects of the determination process, claims are generally forwarded to the state Disability

Determination Services for medical determination6

. The subsections below discuss in greater detail the following items:

SGA, the impairment listings, residual functional capacity, the

determination and appeals process, and the determination

experience of the DI program.

A. Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA)

Substantial work activity involves doing significant physical or

mental activities; gainful work activity is done for pay or profit.

In determining whether work is SGA, the state agencies consider things such as the nature and quality of the claimant’s

work, whether special conditions or equipment are needed to

do the work, the amount of time spent at work, and earnings.

Special evaluation guidelines exist for self-employed persons—SSA must measure the value of the claimant’s services

to the operation of the business, number of hours worked,

skills, efficiency, and responsibilities.

SSA establishes certain earnings criteria to indicate whether an

individual is engaging in SGA. The monthly dollar amount

associated with defining SGA is specified in Federal regulations, and was originally set at $100 at the inception of the DI

program. This amount was updated on an ad hoc basis until

January 2001, at which time the regulations were revised to

provide for annual indexing of the SGA level based on the

increase in average wages. From 1990 through 2000, the SGA

level actually consisted of a primary amount and a lower secondary amount. Earnings above the primary amount ordinarily

demonstrated SGA, whereas earnings less than the secondary

amount demonstrated lack of SGA; earnings between the two

amounts required consideration of all circumstances related to

work activity. This tier structure was discontinued beginning in

2001. Since 1977, blind persons have been subject to a separate

SGA amount.7 Figure 1 shows a history of these SGA

amounts.

B. Listing of Impairments

To establish a disability, claimants must provide sufficient evidence of any medical condition in the form of symptoms, clinical signs, and laboratory findings. As mentioned in the

description of Step 3 of the sequential evaluation process outlined in section I, SSA’s Listing of Impairments is used to

determine if the condition satisfies all relevant criteria for a

specific listing or is medically equivalent to a specific listing.

The listings are a set of medical evaluation criteria in the Federal regulations that describe physical and mental conditions

which are so severe that it is presumed that individuals whose

medical conditions meet or equal these criteria are unable to do

any gainful activity (and are therefore considered disabled),

regardless of their age, education, or work experience. The listings are arranged by body system (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, mental, etc.) and include both diagnostic and severity

criteria.

Many individuals are found to be disabled even though their

impairments fail to meet the level of severity detailed in the

listings. In these cases, an individual’s medical condition is

evaluated in conjunction with age, education, and job skills.

These vocational factors are given increasing weight with the

advancing age of the worker, and are particularly significant in

determining disability among workers age 50 or older. 6 Exceptions to this process may apply. In particular, the claim may not need to 

be forwarded to a state agency if the claim recently had a favorable disability 

decision on a prior claim. This applies in particular to individuals who were 

disabled SSI recipients prior to filing for OASDI benefits. In these cases, the 

individual is deemed to be disabled.

7 As of 2020, a blind individual earning over $2,110 per month (net of impairment-related work expenses) is ordinarily considered to be engaging in SGA. 

The comparable amount for non-blind individuals is $1,260 per month.

Figure 1.—Substantial Gainful Activity Amounts 

for the Disability Insurance Program 1970-2020

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

$1,600

$1,800

$2,000

$2,200

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Calendar year

SGA amounts for 

blind persons

SGA amounts for 

non-blind persons
4

C. Residual Functional Capacity (RFC)

Impairments and related symptoms, such as pain, may limit the

ability to work. Residual functional capacity measures the

most an individual can do given the claimant’s physical and

mental limitations. Careful assessment of RFC is the foundation of Steps 4 and 5 of the sequential evaluation process. Limited ability to perform certain physical demands such as sitting,

standing, walking, lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling, reaching,

handling, or stooping may reduce the ability to do work. Similarly, a limited ability to carry out certain mental activities like

understanding, remembering, following instructions, or

responding appropriately to supervision may reduce the ability

to do work.

Along with RFC, age and education play a vital role in Step 5

of the evaluation process. When it comes to age, it is generally

considered that younger persons (under 50) will be able to

adjust to other work. Greater consideration is given to age and

education for those approaching advanced age (50-54); and it

is assumed that persons of advanced age (55 or older) are significantly hindered by vocational factors in their ability to

adjust to other work.

D. Determination and Appeals Process

Regulations describe the process of administrative review performed by the aforementioned state agencies, referred to as the

Disability Determination Services (DDS), as well as the Office

of Hearings Operations (OHO), and the Office of Appellate

Operations (OAO). The DDS develops medical evidence and

renders the initial determination of whether the claimant is disabled or blind under the law. If dissatisfied with the initial DDS

decision, the claimant may request further administrative

review by the DDS, OHO, OAO, and beyond to the federal

courts. The review process consists of several steps, which

must be requested within specified time intervals, and in the

following order:

• Initial determination. This is the original determination

made by the DDS regarding entitlement to benefits.

• Reconsideration. If dissatisfied with an initial

determination, the claimant may ask the DDS to

reconsider it.

• Hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ). If

dissatisfied with the reconsideration determination, the

claimant may appeal to OHO and request a hearing before

an ALJ.

• Appeals Council (AC) review. If dissatisfied with the

decision of the ALJ, the claimant may request that the

OAO review the decision. This constitutes the

administration’s final decision.

• Federal court review. If dissatisfied with the

administration’s final decision, the claimant may request

judicial review by filing an action in a Federal district

court.

In general, appeals must be filed within 60 days after the date

the claimant receives notice of the previous determination or

decision. The claimant or a representative, such as an attorney,

may submit new material evidence supporting the claim during

any step of the review process. Failure to appeal a determination or decision within the stated time period will generally

result in loss of the right to any further administrative or judicial review. Exceptions are made for the failure to timely file

an appeal, in particular if good cause exists for such late filing.

Many factors exist that affect the number of disability claims

filed as well as the rate at which these claims are allowed or

denied. However, the impact of any one factor is difficult to

gauge. In general, economic, demographic, and administrative

factors all have a direct effect on the size and scope of the DI

program. Below is a list of determinants which can significantly influence the number of claims filed and/or the rate of

favorable determinations8

:

• The level of employment in the U.S. economy;

• The level or “attractiveness” of DI benefits vis-a-vis loss

of income;

• Level of the SGA amount;

• Changes in labor force participation or shifts in part-time

work which can affect insured status;

• Population growth and demographic shifts such as the

aging of the baby-boom generation;

• Technological advances that enhance the ability to work;

• Medical advancements or breakthroughs in the treatment

of specific disorders;

• Changes in regulations or methods used to determine

medical eligibility;

• Revisions to disability guidelines or impairment listings;

• Amount of administrative funding to process caseloads

and backlogs;

• Level of OHO, OAO, and Federal court involvement in

the appeals process;

• Results of appeals and class action suits challenging SSA’s

interpretation of the law;

• Actions by Federal, State, and local governments to

increase program awareness or encourage enrollment.

8 For discussions on these topics, the reader is referred to Trends in the Social 

Security and SSI Disability Programs (Muller et al., August 2006).
5

E. Determination Experience of DI Program

Table 1 presents data on the disposition of DI disabled worker

claims across the various adjudicative stages of medical

review, for calendar years 2009-2019. The data are tabulated

by year of filing and adjudicative level of review, as well as

program involvement—showing claims for DI benefits only or

concurrent filing for DI and SSI benefits. Although both programs use the same definition of disability for adults, eligibility for SSI benefits is further dependent upon the claimant’s

countable assets and income, which may include DI benefits,

as well as other factors.

The aging of the baby-boom generation continues to contribute

to the large number of DI disabled worker claims. Following

the economic recession of 2007-09 and associated high rates of

unemployment, the number of claims forwarded to the DDS

for DI disabled worker benefits peaked at 1.84 million in 2010.

Improving economic conditions appear to have affected applications from 2011 through 2019. As employment levels

improved, the annual number of DI disabled worker claims

decreased 31% to 1.26 million in 2019. This decrease may

have been magnified and prolonged because some of the additional claims during the recession would have occurred in

2011-19 had the recession not pulled them into the earlier

period. Disability claims tend to decrease as people re-enter the

labor force. However, a persistently low level of labor force

participation may indicate that long-term unemployment has

caused individuals to stop looking for work and drop out of the

labor force. This in turn may adversely affect the recency-ofwork test for DI insured status and the ability to qualify for DI

benefits. The labor force participation rate is also affected by a

higher level of self-employment as well as growth in the number of independent contractors and freelancers. These types of

workers may or may not be counted among the labor force. 

DDS Initial Determinations

As shown in Table 1, the number of favorable initial determinations as a percentage of total claims processed steadily

decreased from 37.1% in 2009 to 32.9% in 2015 before rising

to 33.6% in 2017. Initial and reconsideration determinations

for claims filed in 2018-19 are still incomplete. The youngest

of the baby-boom generation has reached their mid 50s where

high incidence of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and cancer

disorders is likely. Roughly one-third of the baby-boom generation has reached normal retirement age as of 2019. The appeal

rate of initial denials fluctuates around 55%.

Allowance rates tend to be much lower among those concurrently filing for DI and SSI benefits than those filing for DI

benefits only. This may be due to differences in the composition and economic status of the filers. Concurrent filers tend to

be of lesser means (reflective of the nature of the SSI program)

and are thus more likely affected by changes in the economy.

Often the only alternative to unemployment is to seek aid from

Federal, State, or local programs. Therefore, concurrent filers

may have less severe disabilities, may provide less evidence of

impairment, or are less likely to afford legal representation.

The result is a lower proportion of allowances.

For years with pending workloads at the initial and reconsideration levels, it is likely that the allowance rates will ultimately

be higher than those shown in Table 1. This is due to the fact

that denials are processed more quickly than allowances at

these stages, leaving a higher percentage of cases that will ultimately be allowed in pending workloads.

DDS Reconsideration

After a less-than-fully-favorable initial determination, a claimant may appeal for a reconsideration at the DDS. Allowance

rates at the reconsideration level have been very consistent.

Although reconsideration is de novo9

 in concept, it is similar to

the initial determination in that it is mostly a “paper review”

process where claimants are rarely observed by the decisionmaker. Assuming some uniformity among the initial decisionmakers, it follows that initial denials are overturned at reconsideration in only a relatively small proportion of cases

appealed.

Appeals Beyond DDS

Claimants wishing to appeal a reconsideration determination

may request a hearing before an ALJ. Since the interpretation

of evidence in assessing disability can be highly subjective,

overturned decisions at OHO or OAO and beyond occur frequently. Factors that contribute to the high reversal rate

include:

• A group of decision-makers different from those at the

initial and reconsideration stages;

• Changes in the nature and degree of the claimant’s

impairment over time;

• The claimant reaching the age thresholds of 50 or 55

where age is considered to seriously affect the claimant’s

ability to adjust to other work;

• A much higher use of legal representation and the

opportunity to submit new material evidence supporting

the claim; and

• Initial face-to-face contact with decision-makers.

Miscellaneous Items

To lend insight into the data presented in Table 1, this section

discusses some changes in the disability process that occurred

over time. Beginning in the late 1990s SSA undertook the testing of a variety of alternative approaches to the disability determination process with the goal of streamlining the process

9 That is, a case is reviewed in its entirety and a new decision is made unrelated 

to the initial decision.
6

while still providing accurate decisions as early as possible.

One of the largest such tests has been referred to as the Prototype Model. Major features of this model included providing

additional authority for the DDS examiners in making initial

disability determinations, and the elimination of the reconsideration step in the appeals process. This model was run in 10

States through 2018, and represented roughly 25% of the initial

disability determination workload10. The results shown in

Table 1 reflect a mixture of experience combining the standard

decision process with the prototype process, as well as other

smaller test processes.

In the past, public pressure has surfaced in controversial areas.

Changes in regulations, standards, and methods used to determine the severity of a disability—sometimes in response to

legislation or legal suits—have shaped DDS determinations,

OHO and OAO decisions, and SSA policy in general. Major

topics for deliberation have included:

• Mental impairment issues;

• Obesity;

• Drug addiction and alcoholism;

• The amount of leverage given to allegations of pain;

• Evaluation of musculoskeletal and circulatory disorders;

• Statements by treating physicians in the absence of clinical

evidence; and

• The use of vocational factors in the absence of a single

debilitating impairment.

Other developments in the disability area deserve mention. The

electronic disability (eDIB) process has substantially streamlined the storage and processing of claim data. As of January

2006, all state DDSs had begun using electronic disability folders. Furthermore, beginning in August 2002, claimants have

been able to apply for disability benefits online.

The electronic environment allowed SSA to develop two fasttrack processes to allow expeditious determinations of certain

claims. The quick disability determination (QDD) process uses

a predictive model to identify claims that have a high potential

of allowance, and for which medical evidence can be easily

obtained. Claims are automatically referred from the field

office to the DDS with the aim of completing the determination

expeditiously.

Similar to QDD but having slightly less complex “scoring” criteria is the compassionate allowance (CAL) initiative, which is

designed to quickly identify diseases and conditions that are

highly likely to qualify under the Listing of Impairments even

with minimal, but sufficient, medical information. If the condition does not strictly meet these criteria, it is not designated as

a CAL case. For the rollout of the initiative in the fall of 2008,

50 conditions were selected to meet the CAL guidelines. The

list has since been expanded to include over 230 conditions

such as early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord injuries,

and various cancers. A CAL case is identified solely on the

claimant’s allegation of a disease or other medical condition

that appears on the CAL list11.

The fast-track initiatives represent a relatively small proportion

of total DI claims filed. SSA identifies roughly 160,000 initialstage QDD claims (includes claims for Title II disabled auxiliary or survivor benefits and Title XVI claims) each fiscal year.

This is approximately 7% of DI claims. A QDD claim may

concurrently be a CAL claim. Approximately 60,000 of the

above mentioned claims are also CAL claims. Additional

claims that are CAL-only totaled 17,100 in FY 2018 and

17,800 in FY 2019. Together, fast-track claims make up

roughly 8% of total DI claims.

10 AL, AK, CA (L.A. North and West branches only), CO, LA, MI, MO, NH, 

NY, PA. The Prototype Model was phased out over the period January 2019 - 

April 2020.

11 A complete list of CAL conditions is available at

www.ssa.gov/compassionateallowances/conditions.htm.
7

III. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY INCIDENCE AND AWARDS

A. History

Since the payment of the first disability cash benefits in July

1957, the characteristics of the DI program have been shaped

by congressional action, public opinion, and court rulings. Program fundamentals such as the definition of disability, the entitlement process, the level of benefits, and the review process

for current beneficiaries ultimately determine program cost.12

Prior to 1960, the DI program applied only to workers age 50

or older. Prior to 1965, a claimant needed to be permanently

disabled to qualify for benefits. The Social Security Amendments of 1967 (Public Law 90-248) eased the insured status

requirements for persons under age 31, allowing a substantial

number of young beneficiaries to enter the rolls. Then beginning in 1970, program growth began to accelerate for a number

of reasons (see table).

The introduction of the Black Lung program (1970) and the

SSI program (1974), and a severe economic recession

(1974-75) led to hundreds of thousands of new DI claims. In

particular, the SSI program requires applicants to apply for all

benefits from other programs to which they may be entitled—

including DI—as a condition of eligibility for SSI. Benefits

from entitlement to these programs may partially or completely

offset SSI benefits. As expediency in processing applications

was naturally given high priority, the fraction of pre-effectuation reviews of DDS initial allowances by the central office fell

to roughly 5% in 1972 from 70% before 1972. This resulted in

far more effectuations of allowances than would have otherwise occurred.

The automatic indexing of benefits by the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) legislated in 1972 contributed to a dramatic

increase in replacement rates. The ratio of annual benefits to

past earnings rose from 50% to roughly 70% by the end of the

decade. Not only was the agency paying out more in benefits,

but it was thought that high replacement rates made benefits

more “attractive”, thus providing incentive to file among individuals with a possible qualifying disability. And to those

already on the DI rolls, high replacement rates may have created disincentive to leave the program and return to work.

Another trend seen in the early 1970s was the greater tendency

of applicants to appeal an unfavorable decision. This significantly increased the number of awards made at the reconsideration and hearings levels, and further contributed to the sharp

increase in awards from 1972-76.

.

In an effort to bring the cost of disability benefits under control

and stabilize replacement rates, the Social Security Amendments of 1977 (Public Law 95-216) revised the formula for

determining benefits awarded in 1979 and later. Under the new

calculation, the replacement rate for the average earner was

projected to remain stable at around 40%. The Social Security

Disability Amendments of 1980 (Public Law 96-265) also had a

significant impact on the DI program. The 1980 amendments

introduced a more restrictive limit on the total monthly amount

of Social Security benefits payable on a disabled worker’s

account—allowing for higher total family benefits under the

old-age program as compared to the disability program. For

those eligible, this provided an incentive to apply for or switch

to old-age benefits in lieu of disability benefits.

12 For further discussions on the history of the DI program, the reader is 

referred to the 50th Anniversary of the Social Security Disability Insurance 

Program (Social Security Bulletin Vol. 66, No.3 2005/2006) and Social Security Disability Insurance at Age 60: Does It Still Reflect Congress’ Original 

Intent? (Social Security Issue Paper No. 2015-01, September 2015).

Disabled Worker Benefits Awarded

(1957-1995 Social Security DI disability experience)

Year of award Total

1957 178,802

11958

1 January-November.

131,382 21959

2 Includes December 1958.

Source: Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security

Bulletin (1957-74); SSA administration records (1975-95).

See Table 3 for awards in 1996 and later.

177,811

1960 207,805

1961 279,758

1962 250,634

1963 223,739

1964 207,592

1965 253,499

1966 278,345

1967 301,359

1968 323,154

1969 344,741

1970 350,384

1971 415,897

1972 455,438

1973 491,616

1974 535,977

1975 592,049

1976 551,460

1977 568,874

1978 490,809

1979 440,519

1980 420,276

1981 381,016

1982 336,055

1983 428,461

1984 409,970

1985 416,103

1986 424,877

1987 420,295

1988 415,331

1989 430,678

1990 472,103

1991 540,794

1992 642,089

1993 637,388

1994 631,873

1995 645,645
8

In addition, the amendments mandated DDS performance standards and a pre-effectuation review of 65% of initial DDS

allowances. This led the DDSs to give more careful consideration to allowances, and increased the chances of not effectuating an initially favorable determination.

The most controversial provision of the 1980 amendments was

the requirement that SSA conduct a medical continuing disability review (CDR) at least every three years for beneficiaries

whose disability may not be permanent. The termination of a

large number of beneficiaries (particularly among the mentally

impaired) was met with intense public outcry. A temporary

moratorium was placed on the review of the disability rolls

pending a thorough review of the standards for evaluating certain mental impairments. Although many of those terminated

were returned to the rolls through the appeals process, awards

continued to decline steadily from 1977-82 prompting SSA’s

disability determination policies to come under fire through

court appeals and class action suits.

By 1984, DI program policy had undergone another reversal.

In response to the clamor over certain provisions of the 1980

amendments, Congress passed the Social Security Disability

Benefits Reform Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-460). Provisions

of the Act include: revised mental impairment standards;

increased emphasis on treating physician opinion; emphasis

given to the combined effects of multiple impairments in the

absence of a single severe impairment; required proof of medical improvement prior to termination of benefits during a medical CDR; and standards to evaluate pain.

One significant pattern that emerged following the 1984

amendments involved beneficiaries with mental impairments.

The revised listings reduced the weight given to medical factors and put greater emphasis on functional capabilities. By

1988, the proportion of awards for mental impairments had

exceeded 20%, roughly twice the proportion experienced in

1982.

The early 1990s brought a period of rapid growth. The number

of awards to disabled workers over 1991-95 were more than

40% higher than the previous 5-year period (1986-90). Amidst

a recession during which the unemployment rate rose above

7%, mental disorders continued to grow, comprising more than

one-quarter of new awards by 1992. In partial response to this

rapid growth, Congress enacted the Contract with America

Advancement Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-121), which provided for dedicated funding to conduct medical CDRs, and a

change in policy for drug addiction and alcoholism to exclude

from eligibility individuals for whom DA&A is a materially

contributing factor in disability.

The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of

1999 (Public Law 106-170) established the Ticket-to-Work

program, enacted expedited reinstatement provisions for beneficiaries terminated due to returning to work, and increased the

period of extended Medicare coverage for disabled beneficiaries after a work-related termination.

There were other notable events that shaped the experience of

disability incidence. In 1999, obesity disorders were eliminated

from the listings. In 2001, SSA discovered several hundred

thousand SSI recipients who were eligible for DI benefits.

Some of these SSI beneficiaries had become disability insured

because of earnings while receiving SSI, for others, insured

status was not determined or was determined incorrectly. SSA

completed processing of this special disability workload

(SDW) in 2011, which on average added roughly 20,000 disabled worker awards per year over the 2003-10 period. In

2002, SSA issued a new musculoskeletal listing. In 2003, the

legislated increase in the normal retirement age began with

those attaining age 65 in that year. DI worker awards at ages

greater than 64 increased accordingly. The large spike in

awards in 2008-10 followed by the decline in 2011-16 reflects

the severe economic recession which began in 2007 and the

gradual recovery that followed.

B. Diagnostic Group Experience

Table 2A shows the distribution by impairment for awards to

DI disabled workers. The leading diagnostic categories for disability entitlement vary by gender and year of award. The share

of musculoskeletal disorders has increased steadily since the

mid 1990s and has been the largest single category of impairment since 2003. For 2004-2008, musculoskeletal disorders

accounted for 28.4% of awards. Over the 5-year period 2009-

13, 33.7% of awards were attributable to this category. For

2014-18, musculoskeletal disorders accounted for 36.6% of all

awards. In 2018, the musculoskeletal category exceeded 40%

of female disabled worker awards.

Mental impairments rank second in overall percentage of

awards to disabled workers, but were on a slight downtrend

proportionally from 2002-16. Mental disorders were the leading cause of disability among each sex until 1996 when they

were surpassed by musculoskeletal impairments. A slight jump

in mental disorders occurred over 2001-05 due, in part, to the

processing of the SDW. Many of the resulting awards from this

misplaced cohort were for individuals diagnosed with a mental

disorder. For 1996-2008, mental disorders accounted for 23.4%

of awards. For 2009-13, this category accounted for 19.6% of

awards. Over the 5-year period 2014-18, mental disorders had

declined to 15.0% of awards.

An increase in the proportion of musculoskeletal awards

accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of mental awards

is reflective of the prevailing demographic and economic conditions of the past decade. The aging baby-boom generation

and 2007-09 recession led to a predictable increase in the overall number of disability claims. This resulted in a higher number of arthritic, back, and bone disorders as claimants

progressed through the most disability-prone years of age 50
9

and older. In subsequent years, improving economic conditions

resulted in an overall drop of disability awards, however, the

proportion of musculoskeletal awards continued to increase as

the baby-boom generation continued to age.13 Additionally,

more sustainable working conditions for individuals with mental or other impairments may reduce the overall number of disability awards outside of musculoskeletal disorders—as

evident in the falling number of mental disorders. It may be

that the current work environment is more accommodative to

people with certain types of impairments, reducing the overall

number of total awards and thus increasing the proportion of

musculoskeletal awards.

Among males, cardiovascular disorders remain the third leading cause of disability, accounting for over 13% of awards over

the last 10 years. Cancers are the third leading cause for

females and fourth for males accounting for roughly 11% of

total awards. There are nearly five times as many cardiovascular impairments among those age 50 or older as among those

age 35-49; and almost four times as many cancers for the same

age comparison.14 This concentration at the older ages is

expected to continue but is currently magnified by the fact that

the baby-boom generation is now in their mid-50s or older.

Cancer, nervous system, and respiratory disorders rank higher

among females, whereas cardiovascular disorders and injuries

rank higher among males. The impairment listings were

changed in 1999 to eliminate awards based solely on obesity,

accounting for the large decline in the percentage of nutritional

and metabolic impairments beginning in 2000.

Table 2B shows the distribution by impairment for DI disabled

workers in current-payment status. Similar to Table 2A, categories are rank-ordered by average percentage of impairments

on the DI rolls over the 5-year period 2014-18. Due to differences in mortality and recovery rates, as well as age distribution, among the different types of impairments, the current pay

ranking can be quite different than the award ranking. Notably,

musculoskeletal impairments became highest ranking among

current pay beginning in 2014, more than a decade after they

became the highest ranking category of awards. As of 2018,

mental disorders are still roughly 30% of current pay but are

only 14% of awards. Impairments of the nervous system which

are ranked fifth in awards are third in current pay; and cancers

which are third in awards drop to sixth in current pay.

C. Award and Incidence Experience

Table 3 shows the number of DI disabled workers awarded

benefits by sex and calendar age for calendar years 1996-2019.

Calendar age is the age attained on the birthday in the year the

individual is awarded benefits. This historical series is also

illustrated in Figure 2.

Table 4 shows the associated disabled worker incidence rates,

which are expressed as annual awards per thousand disability

insured not already receiving benefits. Adjusted figures are

based on the age and sex distributions of the exposed population as of 2000.

Tables 3 and 4 are tabulated as of the year the beneficiary is

awarded. However, the year of award is often different from

the year of disability onset or entitlement. Disability onset

must precede entitlement because of the required 5-month

waiting period. Award can coincide with entitlement but factors, such as the claims process and the disability determination and appeals process, can delay award and the resulting

payments for months or possibly years past entitlement. Therefore, the incidence rates shown are not exactly representative

of true morbidity rates for the stated calendar years.

The chance of suffering a disability impairment naturally

increases with advancing age. If the impairment does not meet

or equal a listing in the disability determination decision, SSA

must consider the ability to perform past work, education, and

the ability to adjust to other work, given the claimant’s age and

work experience. For claimants under age 50, SSA generally

does not consider age to seriously affect the ability to adjust to

other work. For claimants ages 50 to 54, SSA will generally

consider that age will somewhat affect the ability to adjust,

while claimants age 55 or older are considered to be significantly affected in their ability to adjust to other work.

13 Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program, Table 40. 14 Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program, Table 44.

Figure 2.—Disabled Worker Awards 

by Age Group (1995-2019)

(In thousands)

























    

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Rates shown in Table 4 for ages 60 and older are likely to

understate the true incidence of impairment in the insured population because beginning at age 62, a disabled worker may

elect to receive old-age benefits instead of disability benefits.

This decision is influenced by a number of factors: the chance

for higher maximum family benefits under old-age as compared to disability; avoidance of disability benefit reduction

because of Federal or State workers’ compensation offset15; or

desire to avoid the potentially arduous application process and

possibility of benefit denial.

Age-specific disability incidence has historically been lower

among female workers than among male workers. Over the 10-

year period ending in 1996, female labor force participation

among ages 35-54 increased greatly. This contributed to a significant number of females attaining disability insured status in

that period. Beginning in the late 1990s, female incidence

began to exceed that for males at ages 30-54. Although both

genders were experiencing a general decline in incidence

beginning in the mid-90s, the decline is more pronounced

among males, likely due to the elimination of DA&A as a disabling impairment and a sharp decline in HIV impairments,

both of which are predominantly male incidence categories. 

Some of the same factors that affect the number of DI applicants can also affect incidence rates. In general, the decline in

incidence between 1975-82 (not shown) is attributable, in part,

to stricter program administration. Following a generally

declining period in incidence from 1983-89, the program experienced a surge in claims beginning in 1990, and incidence

rates rose significantly and remained relatively high through

1995. The economic and political environment of the late

1990s featured robust economic expansion, low unemployment, and restrictions on DA&A and obesity impairments. In

addition, continuing advancements in medical treatment,

employer-sponsored healthcare, and an opportunity to build

wealth in booming investment markets provided incentives to

remain in the labor force and contributed to the decline in

applications and awards during this period.

A sharp increase in incidence rates over 2001-05 represents a

departure from the experience of the late 1990s, which generally showed modest annual declines in the age-sex-adjusted

incidence rate. While the aging of the baby-boom generation is

always recognized as a factor in program growth, the increase

in incidence in 2001 is likely due in large part to the severe

economic contraction experienced in that year. It is also likely

that the special administrative activity previously mentioned

also had an impact—namely, the disability redesign initiatives

(late 1990s) and the identification and processing of the special

disability workload (beginning in 2001). Incidence rates

dipped in 2006-07.

The legislated increase in NRA beginning with those born in

1938 had an obvious and significant effect on the number of

disability awards to individuals age 65 or older starting in

2003. The increase in NRA may have become an incentive to

seek disability benefits for older workers facing higher actuarial reductions for early retirement.

A substantial increase in disability incidence rates from 2008-

10 is thought to be attributable to the recession. A significant

drop in disability applications and incidence rates followed

over 2011-16 as the economy recovered. The decrease in incidence rates during this period is due to the combination of

fewer awards and a slight uptick in the insured population

which put downward pressure on disability incidence rates.

The decline, however, may have been slightly constrained

since many did not return to work and eventually dropped out

of the labor force. This left the insured population slightly

lower than it otherwise would have been. From 2017 to the

present, total age-adjusted female rates have been slightly

higher than male rates.

Table 5 presents historical conversion and termination data for

disabled workers. Termination experience is discussed in detail

in the next section.

Table 6 shows the number of disabled workers in the currentpayment population, at the end of calendar years 1996-2019.

Other DI beneficiaries may have their benefits suspended for

reasons such as engagement in SGA following completion of a

trial work period, refusal of vocational rehabilitation services,

and imprisonment. Because of the increase in NRA beginning

with individuals born in 1938, DI beneficiaries at age 65

appear for the first time in 2003.

As shown in the following table, the number of beneficiaries in

current-payment status and in force (current-pay plus suspensions) began to grow rapidly beginning in the latter half of the

1980s. The expansion continued throughout the 1990s as the

current-pay population increased 68.5% from the beginning of

1990 to the beginning of 2000. The 2000s saw a slightly

smaller increase of 59.9% from the beginning of 2000 to the

beginning of 2010. There was an increase of 15.0% from the

beginning of 2010 to the beginning of 2015 followed by a

decrease of 6.4% from the beginning of 2015 to the beginning

of 2020. The growth in the in-force population is the difference

between awards and terminations, as shown in the table.

15 Offset is applied when total DI benefits payable to the worker and any auxiliaries, plus workers’ compensation and/or public disability payments exceed 

80% of the worker’s average current earnings.
11

Growth in the DI Disabled Worker Rolls, by Calendar Period

(Numbers in Thousands)

Calendar

period

In force

beginning

of period Awards

Conversions/

Terminations

In force

end of period

Suspensions

end of period

Current-payment

Number

end of period Growth rate1

1980-84 2,882.6 1,975.9 2,241.3 2,617.1 24.9 2,592.2 -9.6%

1985-89 2,617.1 2,107.3 1,787.9 2,936.4 45.9 2,890.6 11.5%

1990-94 2,936.4 2,924.2 1,841.5 4,019.2 61.0 3,958.2 36.9%

1995-99 4,019.2 3,086.5 2,132.0 4,973.8 103.6 4,870.2 23.0%

2000-04 4,973.8 3,635.1 2,304.9 6,303.9 105.7 6,198.2 27.3%

2005-09 6,303.9 4,329.9 2,704.9 7,928.9 140.9 7,788.0 25.6%

2010-14 7,928.9 4,751.1 3,587.7 9,092.3 137.8 8,954.5 15.0%

2015-19 9,092.3 3,739.9 4,287.9 8,544.2 165.9 8,378.4 -6.4%

1 Percentage increase from the beginning of the period to the end of the period.
12

IV. EXPERIENCE OF DISABILITY BENEFIT TERMINATION 

A. Background

DI disabled worker beneficiaries stop receiving worker benefits when they die, recover from their disabling condition, or

return to work (disabled worker beneficiaries who remain on

the DI rolls until NRA—currently age 66—are converted to

retired worker status):

• Death. The last month of disability entitlement would be

the month prior to the month of death. Beneficiary death

accounted for nearly 68% of total disabled worker nonconversion terminations in 2019.

• Recovery. Beneficiaries who have had a medical recovery

or successful, sustained re-entry to the workforce are

removed from the DI rolls. Typically the last month of

disability entitlement would be the second month after the

month of recovery.16 Recoveries accounted for 32% of

total disabled worker non-conversion terminations in

2019.

Under the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program (OASI),

a disabled worker benefit is automatically converted to a

retired worker benefit in the month the beneficiary attains

NRA.17 Since conversions are simply a transfer of beneficiaries from the DI Trust Fund, the “conversion” rate is 100% for

disabled workers reaching NRA. After conversion, recovery

from disability is no longer relevant, and the last month of DI

entitlement is the month prior to attainment of NRA.

Beginning at age 62, a disabled worker may elect to receive

old-age benefits in lieu of disability benefits. Although most

disabled beneficiaries stay in the DI program until NRA, some

choose to switch. One of the most common reasons is the

receipt of workers’ compensation (WC) benefits. WC benefits

may partially or totally offset a DI benefit. Under current rules,

WC receipt does not affect an OASI worker benefit. Another

factor is the difference between the less-generous maximum

family benefit payable under the DI program and the maximum

payable under the OASI program.

Recovery from disability occurs when the beneficiary is determined to no longer meet the definition of disability either

because there is medical improvement affecting the ability to

work, or the individual demonstrates the ability to engage in

SGA. The DDS or the central office will conduct a continuing

disability review (CDR) upon, for example:

• Coming due of a scheduled CDR;

• Posting of substantial earnings;18 or

• Receipt of vocational rehabilitation reports of medical

improvement.

We mention an important caveat with regard to interpreting termination rates: Absent any changes in the underlying rate of

medical improvement, certain outside factors can impact the

level of CDR activity and, in turn, the disability recovery rates.

These factors include the size of disability backlogs, budget

restrictions, legislation, and regulations. Clearly, CDRs can be

pursued vigorously only with adequate funding. Less obviously, these factors can affect the composition of the disabled

worker population by influencing the nature of allowances and

the likelihood of recovery.

Exogenous variables can also impact the overall mortality of

the DI rolls. For instance, changes in the way medical impairments are adjudicated, the elimination of DA&A and obesity

from the listings, and a greater number of allowances based on

vocational factors may lower overall disability mortality.

The Social Security Act contains several provisions to encourage beneficiaries to return to work despite their impairment:

• Trial work period; 

• Extended period of eligibility; 

• Extension of Medicare coverage after a work-related

termination;

• Expedited reinstatement to the rolls after a work related

termination; and

• Waiver of the waiting period for an expedited

reinstatement.

Trial Work Period (TWP)

The trial work period provision allows the disabled beneficiary

to do substantial work for nine, not necessarily consecutive,

months out of a rolling 60-month period without losing any

benefits. A month is not counted as a trial work month (“service month”) unless the beneficiary earns above a specified

amount, or for self-employment, works a specified number of

hours.19 Earnings during the service months are not counted

toward SGA, and benefits will continue as long as the beneficiary has not medically recovered as evaluated during a medical CDR. Note that work performed during a TWP cannot be

used as the basis for determining that disability has ceased.

16 Benefits may continue if the individual is currently enrolled in a vocational 

rehabilitation program, or has entered an extended period of eligibility. 17 Switching to old-age benefits prior to normal retirement age is not considered a conversion. This type of benefit termination would fall in the miscellaneous category.

18 The Ticket to Work Act of 1999 prohibits initiation of a medical CDR during 

the period that a beneficiary is using a ticket; and under certain circumstances, 

prohibits the use of work activity as a reason for review. These provisions 

became effective January 1, 2002.

19 In 2020, a service month is counted towards the TWP if earnings for that 

month exceed $910. A self-employed worker can also be charged with a service month if work activity exceeds 80 hours.
13

Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE)

Following the TWP and a three month grace period applied at

the first instance of SGA after the TWP, beneficiaries who perform SGA in any month lose their benefit for that month. For

continued incentive to work, the extended period of eligibility

provision allows the disabled beneficiary to have benefits reinstated for any month in the EPE re-entitlement period in which

work activity falls below the SGA level. The EPE begins with

the month immediately following the completion of the TWP

and ends with the end of the entitlement; the EPE re-entitlement period is generally the first 36 months of the EPE. If the

beneficiary is not engaging in SGA when the re-entitlement

period ends, the provision allows benefits to continue until the

first month in which SGA is performed. Of course, at any time

during the TWP or EPE, if the beneficiary is found to have

medically recovered then all benefits are terminated.

Medicare Coverage

After 24 months of disability entitlement (or attainment of age

65 if earlier), a beneficiary becomes eligible for Medicare coverage—regardless of age—and receives services as long as DI

entitlement continues. In the case of an individual engaging in

SGA, coverage is provided throughout the TWP and EPE.

Medicare benefits were further extended through a provision of

the Ticket to Work Act of 1999: effective October 1, 2000,

coverage for beneficiaries who return to work will generally

continue for an additional 57 months beyond the EPE re-entitlement period.

Expedited Reinstatement (EXR)

The Ticket to Work Act also allows certain previously terminated beneficiaries to request expedited reinstatement of disability benefits in the event of impairment-related cessation of

SGA. The provision provides a safety net for those who successfully return to work and, consequently, lose entitlement to

disability benefits, but then find themselves unable to sustain

the work effort. EXR allows an individual to request reinstatement without filing a new application, and provides up to six

months of provisional (temporary) cash benefits while SSA

conducts a medical review to determine whether the individual

can be reinstated.20 The request for reinstatement must be filed

within five years of the termination of disability benefits. EXR

became effective January 1, 2001.

Waiting Period Provisions

Special provisions apply to persons disabled more than once.

Individuals who become disabled within five years of the end

of a previous period of disability are not required to satisfy the

five month waiting period. In addition, the 24-month waiting

period for Medicare coverage need not be consecutive months

and may be satisfied by combining multiple periods of disability.

B. History

Many variables can affect the rate at which beneficiaries are

terminated from the disability rolls, including:

• Changes in normal retirement age;

• Overall disability mortality;

• CDR activity;

• Technology to enhance the ability to work;

• Advancements in medical treatment;

• Changes in legislation and in regulations.

The Social Security Amendments of 1965 (Public Law 89-97)

modified the definition of disability by replacing the requirement of permanent disability with the requirement that the disability be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.

This led to the entitlement of less seriously impaired claimants

and, therefore, lower mortality rates among the disabled. The

1967 amendments eased the insured status requirements for

claimants under age 31. A growing presence of younger and

relatively healthier beneficiaries on the DI rolls further contributed to the decline in DI mortality rates.

While mortality rates fell in the early years of the program, the

rates of termination due to recovery generally increased,

largely for the same reasons. With the introduction of government-funded rehabilitation programs, the elimination of the

“permanently disabled” requirement, and the extension of benefits to younger claimants, the recovery rate among beneficiaries rose substantially through the late 1960s and remained

high through the early 1970s. The recovery rate then decreased

rapidly through 1975, due in large part to changes in the

administration of the program. With the introduction of the

Black Lung and SSI programs in the early 1970s, workload

pressures resulted in the suspension or curtailment of some

administrative review procedures. For example, by 1972 the

central office reviewed only 10% of the cases in which

expected medical recovery had not been found. By 1976, the

recovery rate started to rise again due, in part, to the return to

pre-1972 levels of 100% review of expected medical recoveries.

The substantial DI program growth in the 1970s created pressure for a more thorough review of the rolls. Under then-current policy, reviews were performed only when the

beneficiary’s condition was expected to improve, or voluntary

reports or posted earnings indicated work activity. As previously discussed, a significant provision of the 1980 amendments required that beneficiaries with non-permanent

impairments be reviewed at least once every three years, and

permanently disabled beneficiaries be reviewed at intervals

determined by the Commissioner. Using that legislative mandate, the Administration initiated a major review of the disability rolls that resulted in many terminations because it was

determined that recovery had occurred.

20 The claimant must be under a disability using the medical improvement 

review standards (MIRS) normally used in a medical CDR. The MIRS requires 

a sequence of evaluation different from that used in initial claims.
14

After much public clamor over the new rules, a temporary

moratorium was placed on the review of the rolls.21 This

caused the pendulum to swing the other way. Many persons

were reinstated upon appeal, and legislation in 1984 imposed a

medical improvement standard on the CDR process. The result

was a sharp drop in recoveries through the rest of the decade.

In the latter part of the 1980s, the agency experienced reductions in both its work force and in administrative funding. By

the early 1990s, without enough staff to handle both new

claims and continuing disability reviews, the agency reduced

the resources it committed to CDRs. Beginning in 1994, the

number of initial claims began to level off and Congress

enacted the Contract With America Advancement Act of 1996

(Public Law 104-121) which included a provision authorizing

the appropriation of funds to be used exclusively to conduct

additional medical CDRs. The special funding helped the

agency complete large numbers of backlogged periodic CDRs

and become current with DI reviews by the end of 2000 and

SSI reviews by the end of 2002. Beginning in 2002, yearly

funding constraints hampered the timely review of all CDRs

coming due based on matured medical diaries. The number of

DI worker reviews fell dramatically as a result, dropping from

346,000 in fiscal year 2000 to 64,000 in 2007, and then rising

slowly to 126,000 in 2011 and about 175,000 reviews in each

of 2012 and 2013. Since FY 2014, funding for medical CDRs

increased significantly, providing necessary resources to work

down the backlog. With this increased funding, the agency was

able to eliminate the backlog of all CDRs by the end of FY

2018. As of the beginning of 2020, the agency expects to continue to receive funding sufficient to process all medical CDRs

on a timely basis as their diaries mature.

C. Recent Experience

Table 5 shows a historical series of the number of disabled

worker conversions and terminations, as well as conversion

and termination ratios. Ratios are defined as the number of

conversions or terminations to the average number of beneficiaries during the year. Most terminations occur as a result of

death. With regard to conversions, there is a sharp decrease in

2003, which is the result of the increase in NRA.22 The number

of recoveries can vary considerably. This is sometimes the

result of special circumstances, such as, the spike in recoveries

in 1997, which is the result of a provision eliminating drug or

alcohol addiction as a basis for disability entitlement. Although

categorized in administrative records as “recoveries”, this

group of beneficiaries was terminated from the rolls due to a

change in law.

Other is a relatively small category comprised of beneficiaries

terminated for various other reasons such as switching to oldage benefits prior to NRA.23 Reasons for the switch are to

avoid DI benefits that offset workers’ compensation benefits,

or to become entitled to an OASI family benefit. Notably, the

size of this category was elevated from 2001 through 2011 due

to the “termination” of a number of past-due-only awards

which came out of the SDW workload. In many instances, only

past due DI benefits were payable because the beneficiary had

either died, recovered, or switched to old-age benefits by the

time the case was processed. This type of SDW award was

simultaneously counted as an “other” termination.

Figure 3 shows the distribution of DI disabled worker terminations and conversions, while Figure 4 shows these categories

as rates, defined as the number of terminations divided by the

average number of disabled worker beneficiaries. Footnote 22

explains the sharp increase in conversions in 2009; and the

leading edge of the baby-boom (1946-47 birth cohorts) began

attaining NRA (66) causing an uptick in conversions beginning

in 2012. Conversion rates have increased noticeably in the past

several years as the first portion of the baby-boom generation

(birth years 1946-1953) has reached normal retirement age.

Recovery rates increased each year from 2014 through 2018 as

the backlog of medical CDRs was worked down and then

declined in 2019 as the processing of medical CDRs reached a

steady state. Recovery rates may have also been influenced by

the changing composition of the DI rolls. Those with musculoskeletal or mental impairments may be able to train for and

21 The moratorium applied to all cases on which an administrative or judicial 

appeal was pending on or after June 7, 1983. All persons claiming benefits 

based on mental impairment disability who received an unfavorable decision 

after March 1, 1981 were permitted to reapply within time constraints, as mandated in 1984 by Public Law 98-460.

22 This decrease is attributable to the increase in normal retirement age for the 

cohort born in 1938, resulting in the deferral of a portion of old-age conversions from 2003 to 2004. This pattern of deferral continues until NRA is 66 

beginning with those born in 1943 resulting in a sharp increase in conversions 

in 2009.

23 Although technically counted as a disability termination, in these situations 

the beneficiary remains entitled to the larger, but unpaid, disability benefit 

while becoming concurrently entitled to a reduced old-age benefit.

Figure 3.—Disabled Worker Terminations and 

Conversions, (1995-2019)

(In thousands)





















    

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15

find jobs that they are capable of doing and thus return to work.

They may also be more likely to survive until normal retirement age when their benefit converts to an old-age benefit. 

As shown in the table below, the average age of male disabled

workers in current-payment status dipped below 50 in 1995

before climbing steadily to 54.9 in 2019; over the same period,

the proportion of the DI worker rolls made up of beneficiaries

aged 50-65 grew from 55% to 77%, while the proportion of

those aged 35-49 fell from 34% to under 19%. This change is

chiefly attributable to the aging of the post-war baby-boom

generation. Similar trends were experienced among females.

Just as progress in medicine has significantly contributed to

longer life expectancy among the general population, it likely

has also had a considerable impact on some segments of the

disability population, leading to an increase in the average age

of those on the DI worker rolls. 

Gross death termination rates declined in the 1990s. Contributing to the decline were the diminishing impact of HIV-related

impairments and the change in policy regarding DA&A. After

a gradual decline during the decade 2000-2009, death rates

have remained relatively level. Currently, death rates are 32

deaths per thousand males and 23 deaths per thousand females.

Significant factors behind the decrease from 1990-2009

include: (1) a shift in the impairment mix to more musculoskeletal and mental disorders, which tend to be less life-threatening

than circulatory disorders or cancers; (2) advancements in

medical treatments; and (3) a shift in the age mix to older disabled workers, whose determinations are often based on vocational factors rather than having an impairment severe enough

to meet a listing. Conversion ratios reached a low of 32 conversions per thousand disabled workers in 2005 but have

increased to nearly 60 per thousand as the baby-boom generation achieves normal retirement age and converts to an old-age

benefit. 

.

Figure 4.—Ratio of Disabled Worker Terminations and 

Conversions to Average Number of Beneficiaries

(1995-2019)

(Per thousand exposed)















    

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DI Disabled Workers in Current-Payment Status

(Grouped by age at end of selected year)

Calendar

year

Under 35 35-49 50-65 Total

Percentage of

DI rolls

Average

age

Percentage of

DI rolls

Average

age

Percentage of

DI rolls

Average

age

Percentage of

DI rolls

Average

age

Male

1985 9.9% 29.4 22.9% 42.5 67.2% 58.6 100.0% 52.0

1990 10.9 29.7 29.6 42.4 59.4 58.4 100.0 50.5

1995 10.2 29.9 34.4 42.7 55.4 57.8 100.0 49.8

2000 6.9 29.7 33.0 43.1 60.0 57.5 100.0 50.8

2005 6.5 29.1 28.4 43.5 65.1 57.8 100.0 51.9

2010 6.5 29.2 23.6 43.7 69.8 58.2 100.0 52.9

2015 5.4 30.0 20.0 43.4 74.5 58.5 100.0 53.9

2016 5.1 30.0 19.5 43.3 75.4 58.7 100.0 54.2

2017 4.8 30.0 19.2 43.3 76.0 58.8 100.0 54.4

2018 4.6 29.9 18.8 43.3 76.6 58.9 100.0 54.7

2019 4.4 29.9 18.5 43.2 77.1 59.1 100.0 54.9

Female

1985 8.7% 29.5 21.5% 42.6 69.8% 58.7 100.0% 52.7

1990 9.8 29.8 29.1 42.6 61.1 58.3 100.0 50.9

1995 9.5 29.8 34.0 42.8 56.5 57.6 100.0 49.9

2000 6.8 29.8 33.2 43.1 60.1 57.3 100.0 50.8

2005 6.5 29.4 29.2 43.5 64.3 57.7 100.0 51.7

2010 6.0 29.6 25.1 43.6 68.9 58.0 100.0 52.7

2015 4.6 30.2 21.2 43.4 74.2 58.4 100.0 53.9

2016 4.2 30.3 20.6 43.4 75.2 58.5 100.0 54.2

2017 3.9 30.2 20.1 43.4 76.0 58.7 100.0 54.5

2018 3.7 30.2 19.6 43.4 76.7 58.8 100.0 54.7

2019 3.5 30.2 19.2 43.5 77.3 58.9 100.0 55.0
16

D. Actuarial Analysis—Death (2011-15)

Tables 7A-7C show the probability of death termination for

male and female DI disabled workers by age at entitlement to

disability benefits, and duration—measured in completed

years of disability entitlement. Data reflect the actual experience of the DI worker rolls from January 1, 2011 through

December 31, 2015. The methods used in table construction

and graduation are detailed in the appendix.

Mortality among disabled workers generally increases with

entitlement age, albeit this trend can be heavily influenced by

the severity-mix of disorders at different ages. Also, for any

given entitlement age, the probability of death termination is

greatest during the first year of entitlement, then decreases dramatically during the second and third years of entitlement.

Death probabilities tend to level off sometime around the third

or fourth duration. For older entitlement ages, mortality trends

upward in the later durations because of the effect of age. The

sex differential in mortality in the disabled worker population

is similar to that of the general population: mortality rates

among male disabled workers are higher than female disabled

workers for most attained ages. In the appendix we discuss

how certain provisions in the law—such as the waiting period

and the conversion to old-age benefits—affect the tabulation of

mortality.

An analysis of broad age categories may explain some of the

trends and characteristics of disability mortality. As of 2018,

the top disorders for male awards under age 35 are mental

(52%), nervous (11%), and musculoskeletal (9%). Following

the predominant musculoskeletal (28%) and mental (19%) categories, ages 35-49 show a mix of nervous (11%), cardiovascular (10%), and cancer (9%) impairments. Ages 50 or older

show the highest concentration of musculoskeletal (40%),

along with considerable increases in cardiovascular (16%) and

cancer (12%) disorders; though still an important category, the

prevalence of mental impairments (6%) is considerably lower

than younger age groups.

Disabled female trends are comparable to those of males

except for several differences in leading impairment categories. As of 2018, disabled females under age 35 show the highest concentration of mental (43%), nervous (14%), and

musculoskeletal (14%) disorders. Ages 35-49 continue to show

high incidence of mental (20%) and nervous (12%) impairments, along with large increases in musculoskeletal (32%)

and cancer (12%) disorders. Ages 50 or older show the highest

prevalence of musculoskeletal (47%), cancer (13%), and mental (9%) awards.

Disability mortality in the 5-year period covered by this study

(2011-15) is lower than the previous 5-year period for 74% of

all attained ages.24 Among males, mortality in the more recent

period is, on average, 7% lower with improvement in mortality

for all age groups. The greatest improvement occurred for age

group 60-65, followed by under 35, with the least improvement

for age group 50-54. Among females, mortality in the more

recent period is, on average, 0.5% lower with improvement for

age groups 40-45 and over and higher mortality than the previous 5-year period at younger ages. The greatest improvement

for females occurred for age group 60-65, followed by 55-59. 

The improvements are likely due to medical progress as well as

the changing impairment mix of the rolls. The proportion of

musculoskeletal disorders continues to increase while mental

disorders are down slightly; together they make up 62% of

total beneficiaries in current pay status over 2011-15 versus

60% for the prior 5-year period. Current pay beneficiaries with

cardiovascular disorders fell from 9.0% in 2011 to 8.4% in

2015. On average, musculoskeletal and mental disorders

exhibit lower mortality than most other diagnostic groups,

whereas cardiovascular disorders rank among the highest.

Tables 8A-8C show an assumed number of beneficiaries with

benefit continuance over time for cohorts becoming entitled at

various ages. These tables are based on the probabilities of

death shown in Tables 7A-7C. Continuance tables provide a

simplified method for calculating the probability of continuing

on the rolls for a given number of years. See the appendix for

details on table construction and usage. In this context, continuance refers to beneficiaries who have not died and remain on

the DI rolls.

Tables 9A-9C show the expected future time on the combined

DI and OASI rolls—excluding the possibility of recovery—for

disabled workers who have not yet died. Similar to the retired

worker population, disabled female workers have a longer

experience of continuance than males. Expected time on the

rolls has a tendency to be higher in the second year of entitlement than in the first year of entitlement for older entitlement

ages because of higher mortality during the first year on the

rolls.

Tables 10A-10C show the absolute rate of death per thousand

entitled disabled workers. These rates are derived from the

probabilities of death shown in Tables 7A-7C. In general, absolute rates consider only the effect of a single decrement in a

multiple-decrement environment. For example, the absolute

rate of death is disaggregated from the rate of recovery and

reflects the rate of survival and ultimate termination under

death only. The appendix gives further details.

24 Findings are based on comparisons with disability mortality tabulated for the 

period 2006-10 in Actuarial Study No. 123 Social Security Disability Insurance 

Program Worker Experience (Zayatz, August 2015).
17

Tables 11 and 12 show the aggregate probability of death and

expected future time on the combined DI and OASI rolls

(excluding the possibility of recovery), by entitlement and

attained age. Probabilities are based on aggregate counts of

exposure and deaths across all durations. They represent the

average probability of death within the next year for disability

beneficiaries who became entitled at a particular age (Table

11), or who have attained a particular age (Table 12). Similarly,

expected future time represents the average number of years a

beneficiary will remain alive and on the rolls, as of a particular

entitlement age or attained age. Values are exposure-weighted

averages of the select-and-ultimate future times shown in

Tables 9A-9C and may be used as a general indication of the

overall average lifetime of groups of disabled beneficiaries

who share a particular entitlement or attained age.

Table 13 shows the aggregate probability of death and

expected future time on the combined DI and OASI rolls

(excluding the possibility of recovery), as of a particular duration. Probabilities are based on aggregate counts of exposure

and deaths across all entitlement ages, and represent the average probability of death within the next year. Similarly,

expected future time represents the average number of years a

beneficiary will remain alive and on the rolls, given the completed number of years of disability entitlement.

E. Actuarial Analysis—Recovery (2011-15)

Tables 14A-14B show the probability of recovery for male and

female DI disabled workers by age at entitlement to disability

benefits, and duration. In general, annual probabilities of

recovery decline with advancing entitlement age. For any particular entitlement age, the probability of recovery exhibits a

bimodal distribution that tends to peak during the second year

of entitlement and then peaks again—frequently at a higher

level—in the fifth year of entitlement. This pattern likely

reflects the scheduling of Continuing Disability Reviews.

Where medical improvement is expected (MIE), the review is

scheduled for 6 to 18 months following the most recent favorable disability decision. Where medical improvement is possible (MIP) but less likely to occur within the first 18 months,

the review is scheduled for three years later. Where medical

improvement is not expected (MINE), the review is scheduled

at least five but generally seven years later.

According to data for Title II disabled workers over the period

2011-15:

• Roughly 29% of full medical reviews fall in the MIE

category and roughly 7% of these reviews ultimately result

in cessation of benefits. This helps explain the first peak in

recoveries.

• Roughly 66% of full medical reviews fall in the MIP

category and roughly 7.6% of these reviews ultimately

result in cessation of benefits. This helps explain the

second peak in recoveries.

• The remaining 5% of full medical reviews fall in the

MINE category and roughly 2.6% of these reviews

ultimately result in cessation of benefits.

The probability of recovery for females is lower than males for

60% of age-duration categories. However, the probability of

recovery tends to be higher for females at longer durations for

most ages and at the early durations for those up to their mid

20’s and those past their mid 50’s. This is due, in part, to differences in the mix of impairments among men and women. Over

the period 2011-15, awards to females over age 50 included

44% musculoskeletal and 21% cardiovascular and cancer. By

comparison, awards to males over age 50 included 39% musculoskeletal and 28% cardiovascular and cancer. We think that

those with musculoskeletal impairments are more likely to stay

on the DI rolls until they recover or convert to an old-age benefit. Those with cardiovascular impairments or cancer are less

likely to recover and more likely to die while still on the DI

rolls.

The probability of recovery in the 5-year period covered by

this study (2011-15) is higher than the previous 5-year period

for over 65% of all age-sex categories.25 Among males, the

chance of recovery in the more recent period is, on average,

5% higher, among females, 9% higher. Improvement in recovery rates took place at most durations with a notable exception

in the third year of disability—duration 2 in the tables. The

largest increases in the rate of recovery occurred at age 60-65

followed by the under 35 age group. This pattern may suggest

a higher rate of recovery in the first two years of disability due

to medical advances. Recovery in the fourth to seventh years of

disability may be indicative of a return to work. Advances in

medicine and technology create accommodative and sustainable working conditions which may facilitate a return to work,

even at older ages.

In addition, another important reason for the increase in recovery rates is the increase in the number of medical CDRs from

the previous observation period to the current observation

period. There were 567,000 initial DDS decisions of medical

CDRs conducted in the 2006-10 period, but over 971,000 in

the 2011-15 period.26

25 Based on comparisons with disability recovery probabilities in Actuarial 

Study No. 123 Social Security Disability Insurance Program Worker Experience

(Zayatz, August 2015). 26 Does not include decisions on appeals. Data from the Annual Report on 

Continuing Disability Reviews (2015).
18

Tables 15A-15B show an assumed number of beneficiaries

with benefit continuance over time for cohorts becoming entitled at various ages. These tables are based on the probabilities

of recovery shown in Tables 14A-14B. In this context, continuance refers to beneficiaries who have not recovered and remain

on the DI rolls.

Tables 16A-16B show the expected future time on the DI

rolls—excluding the possibility of death—for disabled workers

who have not yet recovered. The tables are discontinued at

NRA since recovery is no longer tracked.

Tables 17A-17B show the absolute rate of recovery per thousand entitled disabled workers. These rates are derived from

the probabilities of recovery shown in Tables 14A-14B. The

appendix gives details on the derivation of these rates.

Tables 18 and 19 show the aggregate probability of recovery

and expected future time on the DI rolls (excluding the possibility of death), by entitlement and attained age. Probabilities

are based on aggregate counts of exposure and recoveries

across all durations. They represent the average probability of

recovery within the next year for disability beneficiaries who

became entitled at a particular age (Table 18), or who have

attained a particular age (Table 19). Similarly, expected future

time represents the average number of years a beneficiary will

remain on the DI rolls—up to NRA—for a particular entitlement age or attained age. These values are exposure-weighted

averages of the values shown in Tables 16A-16B.

Table 20 shows the aggregate probability of recovery and

expected future time on the DI rolls (excluding the possibility

of death), as of a particular duration. Probabilities are based on

aggregate counts of exposure and recoveries across all entitlement ages, and represent the average probability of recovery

within the next year. Similarly, expected future time represents

the average number of years a beneficiary will remain on the

DI rolls—up to NRA—given the completed number of years of

disability entitlement.

F. Actuarial Analysis—Death or Recovery (2011-15)

Tables 21A-21B show the probability of termination due to

death or recovery for male and female disabled workers, by

entitlement age and duration. Values are the sum of the death

probabilities shown in Tables 7A-7B and recovery probabilities shown in Tables 14A-14B.

Tables 22A-22C show an assumed number of beneficiaries

with benefit continuance over time for cohorts becoming entitled at various ages. In this context, continuance refers to beneficiaries who have neither died nor recovered and remain on

the DI or OASI rolls. Beneficiaries continue to be followed

until death, even after their disability benefits are converted to

retirement benefits.

Tables 23A-23B show the expected future time on the combined DI and OASI rolls for disabled workers who have neither

died nor recovered. Values are based on the continuance experience shown in Tables 22A-22C.

Tables 24A-24B show the expected future time on the DI rolls

for disabled workers who have neither died nor recovered. Values are based on the continuance experience shown in Tables

22A-22B and do not reflect entitlement beyond conversion to

retirement benefits.

Tables 25 and 26 show the aggregate probability of death or

recovery and the expected future time on the beneficiary rolls,

by entitlement and attained age. The values represent the average probability of benefit termination due to death or recovery

within the next year for beneficiaries who became entitled at a

particular age (Table 25), or who have attained a particular age

(Table 26). Expected future time on the OASDI rolls represents

the average number of years of combined entitlement for those

originally entitled to disability benefits, and are exposureweighted averages of expected time on the rolls shown in

Tables 23A-23B. Expected future time on the DI rolls represents the average number of years of disability entitlement,

and are exposure-weighted averages of expected time on the

DI rolls shown in Tables 24A-24B.

Table 27 shows the aggregate probability of death or recovery

and the expected future time on the beneficiary rolls, as of a

particular duration. The values represent the average probability of benefit termination due to death or recovery within the

next year for beneficiaries who have neither died nor recovered

as of the stated number of years of entitlement. As in Table 26,

aggregate expected times are shown for both OASDI combined

entitlement and DI entitlement only.

G. Annuity Tables

Tables 28A-31B show the present value of a stream of payments of $1 to a disabled worker, by entitlement age. The various scenarios are based on combinations of several parameters:

(a) the frequency of payments—made at the end of each year

or month; and (b) the duration of payments—for life or up to

age 66. Payments are discounted at various annual effective

interest rates. Tables 28A-29B recognize only the risk of death

termination and payments may continue beyond NRA, thus

they use continuance experience shown in Tables 8A-8C.

Tables 30A-31B recognize the possibility of both death and

recovery and payments are made up until age 66, thus they use

continuance experience shown in Tables 22A-22B. NRA

ranges from 65 to 67 (based on birth cohort). Age 66 was chosen as the ending age for these tables because it was the NRA

attained during the observation period (2011-15). The appendix gives details of the table construction and usage.
19

Table 1.—Disposition of Worker Applications for Disability Benefits, by Calendar Year of Filing1 and Level of Review

(2009-2019 Social Security DI disability experience)

1 Claim data for 2009-2018 reflect results as of June 2019 (DDS) and July 2019 (OHO/OAO). Claim data for 2019 are as of January 2020. Total claims are subject to change. The number of allowances and denials are subject to change until all initial decisions have been completed and all appeals are final. Results do not include claims denied at Field Offices for technical reasons such as SGA or lack of insured status.

Year 

of

filing

Total

claims

filed

Initial determinations Reconsiderations

Appeals beyond reconsideration2

2 Includes cases appealed to the Office of Hearings Operations or Office of Appellate Operations as well as beyond OHO/OAO to the Federal courts.

Pending

Allowances

Denials

Pending

Allowances

Denials

Total

No

appeal

Appealed

Total

No

appeal

Appealed Allowances

Number Percent3

3 Number of allowances as a percentage of determinations (allowances plus denials) at this level.

To recon To OHO4

4 Cases appealed directly to OHO under prototype model skip the reconsideration step in disability determination process. This model was originally conducted in 10 states through 2018 and was phased out over the period 

January 2019-April 2020.

Percent5

5 Number of appeals as a percentage of denials at this level. For years where decisions are still pending, the preliminary percentage shown could change substantially as all claims are processed.

Number Percent3 To OHO6

6 Number of persons appealing beyond the reconsideration level.

Percent5 Pending7

7 Includes cases remanded to OHO/OAO from the Federal courts.

Number Percent8

8 Number of allowances as a percentage of decisions at this level. For years where decisions are still pending, the preliminary allowance percentage shown will generally decline as all cases are processed. This is due to longer average processing times for denials as compared to allowances.

Denials9

9 Number of denials in which there was no further appeal. Includes claims where the final administrative action was a dismissal of an appeal request not filed in a timely fashion, or failing to appear at a scheduled hearing.

DI claims (Title II only)

2009 830,753 — 411,991 49.6 418,762 165,971 198,037 54,754 60.4 — 30,935 15.6 167,102 30,356 136,746 81.8 — 143,874 75.1 47,626

2010 894,481 — 423,530 47.3 470,951 183,566 226,104 61,281 61.0 — 31,742 14.0 194,362 34,888 159,474 82.0 — 156,107 70.7 64,648

2011 890,682 — 405,720 45.6 484,962 183,710 237,906 63,346 62.1 — 33,781 14.2 204,125 36,798 167,327 82.0 — 153,337 66.5 77,336

2012 887,247 — 397,170 44.8 490,077 185,877 239,278 64,922 62.1 — 32,980 13.8 206,298 34,019 172,279 83.5 2,522 146,943 62.6 87,7362013 867,148 — 374,374 43.2 492,774 188,488 237,384 66,902 61.7 — 30,231 12.7 207,153 32,567 174,586 84.3 3,411 140,359 59.0 97,7182014 882,839 — 366,073 41.5 516,766 211,551 237,104 68,111 59.1 — 31,458 13.3 205,646 34,794 170,852 83.1 4,729 133,774 57.1 100,460

2015 838,558 — 342,873 40.9 495,685 215,009 218,331 62,345 56.6 — 30,874 14.1 187,457 34,298 153,159 81.7 9,174 119,087 57.7 87,243

2016 806,292 — 331,079 41.1 475,213 210,405 209,101 55,707 55.7 — 29,836 14.3 179,265 34,666 144,599 80.7 27,000 105,756 61.0 67,5502017 753,834 — 313,289 41.6 440,545 202,126 190,485 47,934 54.1 — 27,441 14.4 163,044 33,271 129,773 79.6 78,181 60,593 60.9 38,9332018 721,856 15,656 290,664 41.2 415,536 204,463 173,791 37,282 50.8 29,089 19,955 13.8 124,747 33,155 91,592 73.4 114,000 8,213 55.2 6,661

2019 713,602 162,203 237,102 43.0 314,297 175,577 124,037 14,683 44.1 41,492 12,635 15.3 69,910 31,759 38,151 54.6 50,559 1,033 45.4 1,242

DI claims involving concurrent SSI (Title XVI) claims

2009 925,073 — 240,225 26.0 684,848 326,083 283,412 75,353 52.4 — 27,658 9.8 255,754 63,603 192,151 75.1 — 151,520 56.6 115,984

2010 946,844 — 229,564 24.2 717,280 333,898 303,970 79,412 53.4 — 25,759 8.5 278,211 66,501 211,710 76.1 — 149,715 51.4 141,407

2011 919,223 — 212,239 23.1 706,984 319,553 306,842 80,589 54.8 — 25,690 8.4 281,152 64,910 216,242 76.9 — 140,510 47.3 156,321

2012 879,875 — 201,361 22.9 678,514 302,716 297,479 78,319 55.4 — 24,958 8.4 272,521 56,740 215,781 79.2 3,093 126,934 43.6 164,0732013 794,902 — 180,905 22.8 613,997 268,288 273,430 72,279 56.3 — 21,984 8.0 251,446 49,297 202,149 80.4 3,502 111,927 41.3 158,9992014 716,044 — 162,100 22.6 553,944 244,397 244,906 64,641 55.9 — 20,518 8.4 224,388 46,024 178,364 79.5 4,639 97,615 41.0 140,7512015 652,078 — 147,213 22.6 504,865 240,100 209,617 55,148 52.4 — 19,176 9.1 190,441 42,517 147,924 77.7 9,235 79,841 41.2 113,996

2016 604,203 — 138,577 22.9 465,626 224,799 192,807 48,020 51.7 — 17,575 9.1 175,232 40,246 134,986 77.0 28,664 67,060 43.4 87,282

2017 572,182 — 132,888 23.2 439,294 220,051 177,737 41,506 49.9 — 15,982 9.0 161,755 38,647 123,108 76.1 79,910 36,591 43.2 48,113

2018 535,714 14,143 123,145 23.6 398,426 211,344 155,652 31,430 47.0 25,978 11,013 8.5 118,661 35,587 83,074 70.0 104,623 3,624 36.7 6,2572019 548,699 141,272 102,672 25.2 304,755 189,992 102,372 12,391 37.7 38,253 5,865 9.1 58,254 26,394 31,860 54.7 42,816 409 28.5 1,026

Total claims

2009 1,755,826 — 652,216 37.1 1,103,610 492,054 481,449 130,107 55.4 — 58,593 12.2 422,856 93,959 328,897 77.8 — 295,394 64.4 163,6102010 1,841,325 — 653,094 35.5 1,188,231 517,464 530,074 140,693 56.5 — 57,501 10.8 472,573 101,389 371,184 78.5 — 305,822 59.7 206,055

2011 1,809,905 — 617,959 34.1 1,191,946 503,263 544,748 143,935 57.8 — 59,471 10.9 485,277 101,708 383,569 79.0 — 293,847 55.7 233,657

2012 1,767,122 — 598,531 33.9 1,168,591 488,593 536,757 143,241 58.2 — 57,938 10.8 478,819 90,759 388,060 81.0 5,615 273,877 52.1 251,8092013 1,662,050 — 555,279 33.4 1,106,771 456,776 510,814 139,181 58.7 — 52,215 10.2 458,599 81,864 376,735 82.1 6,913 252,286 49.6 256,7172014 1,598,883 — 528,173 33.0 1,070,710 455,948 482,010 132,752 57.4 — 51,976 10.8 430,034 80,818 349,216 81.2 9,368 231,389 49.0 241,211

2015 1,490,636 — 490,086 32.9 1,000,550 455,109 427,948 117,493 54.5 — 50,050 11.7 377,898 76,815 301,083 79.7 18,409 198,928 49.7 201,239

2016 1,410,495 — 469,656 33.3 940,839 435,204 401,908 103,727 53.7 — 47,411 11.8 354,497 74,912 279,585 78.9 55,664 172,816 52.7 154,8322017 1,326,016 — 446,177 33.6 879,839 422,177 368,222 89,440 52.0 — 43,423 11.8 324,799 71,918 252,881 77.9 158,091 97,184 52.8 87,046

2018 1,257,570 29,799 413,809 33.7 813,962 415,807 329,443 68,712 48.9 55,067 30,968 11.3 243,408 68,742 174,666 71.8 218,623 11,837 47.8 12,9182019 1,262,301 303,475 339,774 35.4 619,052 365,569 226,409 27,074 40.9 79,745 18,500 12.6 128,164 58,153 70,011 54.6 93,375 1,442 38.9 2,268
20

Note: Totals may not equal sum of rounded components.Source: Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin (1997-2002); Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program (2003-18).

Table 2A.—Disabled Worker Benefits Awarded: Percentage Distribution, by Impairment Category

(1997-2018 Social Security DI disability experience)

Impairment

category1

Year of Award

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

Male

Musculoskeletal2 34.7% 34.3% 34.3% 34.2% 34.1% 34.0% 33.6% 32.2% 30.7% 29.2% 28.0% 27.1% 26.2% 25.8% 25.5% 24.7% 23.8% 22.9% 22.9% 22.6% 22.4% 22.2%

Mental disorders3 13.3 14.4 13.7 14.2 14.8 15.6 16.7 17.7 19.8 20.8 21.0 20.8 21.1 22.2 22.6 22.9 23.0 23.0 21.4 20.5 19.8 18.8

Cardiovascular4 13.5 13.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.8 13.4 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.4 13.8 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.4 14.6 15.4 15.4 15.3 15.9 16.4

Cancer5 10.8 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.2 9.5 9.1 8.7 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.7 10.0 9.9 9.2 9.1 9.5 9.6 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.1

Nervous system6 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.1

Injuries 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4

Respiratory7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4

Genitourinary8 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3

Nutritional/metabolic9 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.9 4.6 4.6 4.4

Other10 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.3 7.1 7.2 7.9 8.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Female

Musculoskeletal2 40.7 39.3 39.2 38.6 38.4 38.1 37.4 35.8 34.5 33.5 32.3 31.3 30.5 29.8 29.0 28.2 27.2 26.7 26.8 25.0 24.6 24.3

Mental disorders3 14.6 16.0 15.5 16.1 17.1 18.2 19.5 21.0 23.0 24.0 24.7 25.1 25.5 26.5 27.5 28.2 28.3 28.0 26.0 24.8 23.9 23.6

Cancer5 11.8 11.8 12.0 11.8 11.3 10.6 10.0 9.7 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.5 10.6 10.4 9.8 9.7 10.1 10.4 11.5 11.0 11.0 11.2

Nervous system6 9.3 9.2 9.0 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.5

Cardiovascular4 7.4 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.7 8.8

Respiratory7 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6

Nutritional/metabolic9 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.2 7.6 7.7 7.5

Injuries 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2

Genitourinary8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8

Other10 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.6 5.2 5.7 5.4 6.0 6.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

Musculoskeletal2 37.6 36.7 36.6 36.3 36.1 35.9 35.4 33.8 32.5 31.2 30.0 29.0 28.2 27.6 27.1 26.3 25.4 24.7 24.7 23.7 23.4 23.1

Mental disorders3 13.9 15.2 14.6 15.1 15.9 16.8 18.0 19.2 21.3 22.3 22.8 22.8 23.2 24.2 24.9 25.4 25.4 25.5 23.5 22.5 21.7 21.0

Cancer5 11.3 11.2 11.4 11.2 10.7 10.0 9.5 9.2 9.0 9.3 9.6 10.1 10.3 10.1 9.5 9.4 9.8 10.0 10.9 10.6 10.5 10.6

Cardiovascular4 10.6 10.3 11.1 11.1 10.9 10.8 10.6 10.6 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.8 10.7 10.9 11.0 11.4 11.5 11.9 12.2 12.1 12.6 13.1

Nervous system6 8.9 8.9 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.0 7.8 7.8

Respiratory7 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5

Injuries 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4

Genitourinary8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1

Nutritional/metabolic9 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.0 6.0 6.0 5.8

Other10 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.7 6.4 6.4 7.0 7.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1 Ranked by average percentage over the 5-year period 2014-18. 2 Includes back disorders, arthritis, and muscle/ligament/fascia disorders. 3 Includes depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, psychotic, intellectual, neurocognitive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. 4 Includes heart disease or failure, cardiomyopathy, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension. 5 Includes malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, and leukemia. 6 Includes stroke, multiple sclerosis, blindness, peripheral neuropathy, and epilepsy. 7 Includes chronic respiratory disorders, asthma, and chronic pulmonary hypertension. 8 Includes chronic kidney disease with or without dialysis, urinary tract disorders, and nephrotic syndrome. 9 Includes diabetes and disorders of the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands. (Effective October 1999, the Listing of Impairments was changed to eliminate awards based solely on obesity.) 10 Includes congenital anomalies, blood, digestive, immune (including HIV/AIDS), and skin disorders, “other” and unknown categories.
21

Table 2B.—Disabled Worker Benefits In Current-Payment Status: Percentage Distribution, by Impairment Category

(1997-2018 Social Security DI disability experience)

Impairment

category1

1 Ranked by average percentage over the 5-year period 2014-18. 2 Includes back disorders, arthritis, and muscle/ligament/fascia disorders. 3 Includes depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, psychotic, intellectual, neurocognitive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. 4 Includes heart disease or failure, cardiomyopathy, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension. 5 Includes stroke, multiple sclerosis, blindness, peripheral neuropathy, and epilepsy. 6 Includes malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, and leukemia. 7 Includes diabetes and disorders of the thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands. (Effective October 1999, the Listing of Impairments was changed to eliminate awards based solely on obesity.) 8 Includes chronic respiratory disorders, asthma, and chronic pulmonary hypertension. 9 Includes chronic kidney disease with or without dialysis, urinary tract disorders, and nephrotic syndrome. 10 Includes congenital anomalies, blood, digestive, immune (including HIV/AIDS), and skin disorders, “other” and unknown categories.

Note: Totals may not equal sum of rounded components.Source: Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin (1997-2002); Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program (2003-18).

End of Year

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997

Male

Musculoskeletal2 31.6% 31.3% 30.9% 30.4% 29.8% 29.2% 28.4% 27.6% 26.8% 26.1% 25.6% 25.0% 24.6% 24.1% 23.6% 23.1% 22.7% 22.2% 21.8% 21.3% 20.9% 21.2%

Mental disorders3 29.0 29.2 29.3 29.6 30.0 30.4 30.8 31.3 31.9 32.2 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.4 31.6 30.8 30.5 30.0

Cardiovascular4 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.5 11.7 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.1 13.4 14.1

Nervous system5 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.9

Injuries 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.9

Cancer6 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5

Nutritional/metabolic7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6

Respiratory8 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3

Genitourinary9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6

Other10 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.6 8.5 9.3 9.9 7.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Female

Musculoskeletal2 34.8 34.2 33.7 33.2 32.6 32.0 31.4 30.6 29.8 29.2 28.6 28.0 27.5 26.9 26.4 25.9 25.4 24.8 24.2 23.5 23.1 23.3

Mental disorders3 30.4 30.9 31.2 31.6 32.0 32.4 32.8 33.3 33.8 34.1 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.2 34.0 33.5 32.8 32.1 31.8 31.2

Nervous system5 10.3 10.2 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.7

Cardiovascular4 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.1 8.8

Cancer6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.6

Nutritional/metabolic7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.0 6.7

Respiratory8 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8

Injuries 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.5

Genitourinary9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Other10 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 7.1 7.6 8.0 6.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

Musculoskeletal2 33.2 32.7 32.3 31.7 31.2 30.5 29.8 29.0 28.2 27.6 27.0 26.4 25.9 25.4 24.9 24.4 23.9 23.4 22.9 22.3 21.8 22.1

Mental disorders3 29.7 30.0 30.3 30.6 31.0 31.4 31.8 32.3 32.8 33.1 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.4 33.3 32.9 32.1 31.4 31.1 30.5

Nervous system5 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.6

Cardiovascular4 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.9

Injuries 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.5

Cancer6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9

Nutritional/metabolic7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.8

Respiratory8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Genitourinary9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Other10 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.1 7.9 8.6 9.1 7.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
22

Source: SSA administrative records

Table 3.—Disabled Worker Benefits Awarded

(By age and year of award, 1996-2019 Social Security DI disability experience)

Year 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64

65 or

older Total

Male

1996 642 7,200 14,402 23,957 33,524 38,832 44,427 54,546 69,722 64,870 3,349 355,471

1997 605 6,890 12,164 19,115 27,867 34,676 39,802 52,742 68,569 61,255 3,143 326,828

1998 628 7,110 11,876 17,965 27,304 35,774 41,745 55,569 70,654 61,333 3,074 333,032

1999 684 7,833 11,901 16,884 27,159 36,235 42,842 57,155 71,341 62,267 3,232 337,533

2000 733 9,065 12,136 16,198 25,966 35,509 42,335 58,396 72,226 63,034 3,186 338,784

2001 941 11,770 14,653 18,472 27,587 38,340 46,185 63,976 80,621 68,680 3,130 374,355

2002 1,003 13,991 15,276 18,926 28,272 40,624 50,522 68,588 90,078 75,908 3,148 406,336

2003 869 11,974 15,176 19,438 28,411 41,869 52,936 72,030 95,297 79,744 3,854 421,598

2004 697 11,390 15,391 19,335 27,236 41,334 53,692 73,375 99,501 81,882 4,839 428,672

2005 581 11,210 15,714 18,995 27,549 42,122 56,479 77,337 104,099 83,573 6,650 444,309

2006 505 10,399 14,952 17,334 25,818 38,673 54,660 76,301 99,277 82,129 7,199 427,247

2007 539 10,954 15,217 16,913 24,751 37,198 53,729 78,030 100,632 88,531 9,440 435,934

2008 607 12,217 17,791 18,629 25,916 38,101 57,037 85,868 109,212 96,866 11,652 473,896

2009 655 13,952 19,751 21,272 28,627 41,666 62,911 97,503 123,736 108,320 12,070 530,463

2010 528 13,880 20,699 22,936 29,274 43,603 65,937 106,870 135,864 115,767 13,051 568,409

2011 322 11,005 18,468 21,502 26,211 39,572 58,877 102,661 138,505 118,643 14,382 550,148

2012 210 9,030 16,475 20,565 24,422 36,704 54,641 97,518 134,601 114,069 15,288 523,523

2013 162 7,998 14,001 17,846 21,017 30,595 45,016 84,915 125,083 108,208 14,447 469,288

2014 181 7,568 12,853 15,979 18,991 26,139 37,896 74,782 117,416 103,602 13,395 428,802

2015 188 7,078 11,742 14,645 18,175 23,587 35,176 68,651 111,240 103,233 13,357 407,072

2016 175 6,607 11,162 13,827 17,755 22,090 33,195 63,602 107,619 103,135 13,565 392,732

2017 275 8,154 12,881 14,421 18,629 22,772 34,167 62,997 105,885 103,632 13,898 397,711

2018 251 7,238 11,650 13,308 18,006 21,746 32,334 58,997 101,092 102,062 14,186 380,870

2019 256 6,430 10,807 12,922 17,313 21,608 30,958 57,006 99,352 103,946 14,843 375,441

Female

1996 381 4,449 9,802 16,688 25,087 31,620 38,310 47,032 53,027 40,317 2,070 268,783

1997 391 4,364 8,980 14,957 23,429 30,874 36,740 47,343 52,852 38,939 2,003 260,872

1998 366 4,816 9,315 14,930 24,175 32,453 39,440 50,954 56,550 40,434 1,917 275,350

1999 396 5,468 9,842 14,291 24,177 33,416 40,730 51,732 58,681 42,261 2,032 283,026

2000 482 6,353 10,097 14,372 23,460 32,625 39,366 52,554 58,487 42,868 1,868 282,532

2001 621 8,104 12,454 16,735 25,578 35,794 43,769 57,677 65,956 47,438 2,022 316,148

2002 605 9,554 13,511 17,684 26,551 38,800 48,249 61,624 72,010 52,899 2,180 343,667

2003 555 8,659 13,431 18,668 26,591 39,524 49,768 63,708 76,329 56,053 2,576 355,862

2004 481 8,315 13,766 18,835 25,906 39,476 50,831 66,473 80,498 59,221 3,301 367,103

2005 389 7,771 14,081 18,718 26,714 40,416 53,320 71,368 86,081 62,096 4,420 385,374

2006 360 7,094 13,186 17,118 25,254 37,855 52,709 71,497 83,915 62,529 5,042 376,559

2007 370 7,306 12,933 16,612 24,894 36,511 52,299 72,838 84,871 67,502 6,394 382,530

2008 390 8,200 14,534 18,199 26,576 37,976 55,880 80,885 92,289 73,617 7,948 416,494

2009 445 9,429 16,035 20,698 28,757 39,982 61,211 89,715 102,619 80,341 7,868 457,100

2010 371 9,447 16,732 21,982 29,527 41,430 62,128 95,974 109,755 84,844 8,667 480,857

2011 204 7,514 15,216 20,592 26,342 38,780 55,961 93,187 113,817 87,792 9,588 468,993

2012 160 6,134 13,445 19,727 25,109 37,183 53,090 91,315 115,154 88,118 10,688 460,123

2013 129 5,331 11,313 17,059 21,982 31,657 44,848 81,800 109,421 85,437 9,805 418,782

2014 111 5,001 10,174 15,070 19,889 27,604 38,582 73,070 102,488 80,769 9,413 382,171

2015 139 4,473 9,439 13,734 18,958 25,550 35,850 68,707 100,213 82,011 9,593 368,667

2016 135 4,253 8,733 12,419 18,306 23,363 34,344 63,209 95,793 81,284 9,697 351,536

2017 207 5,312 10,020 13,178 19,508 24,904 36,132 64,350 96,582 83,846 10,391 364,430

2018 187 4,613 9,147 12,597 18,646 23,825 34,709 60,373 94,443 83,834 10,635 353,009

2019 190 4,201 8,601 12,204 17,787 23,373 33,412 59,234 93,413 84,686 11,316 348,417

Total

1996 1,023 11,649 24,204 40,645 58,611 70,452 82,737 101,578 122,749 105,187 5,419 624,254

1997 996 11,254 21,144 34,072 51,296 65,550 76,542 100,085 121,421 100,194 5,146 587,700

1998 994 11,926 21,191 32,895 51,479 68,227 81,185 106,523 127,204 101,767 4,991 608,382

1999 1,080 13,301 21,743 31,175 51,336 69,651 83,572 108,887 130,022 104,528 5,264 620,559

2000 1,215 15,418 22,233 30,570 49,426 68,134 81,701 110,950 130,713 105,902 5,054 621,316

2001 1,562 19,874 27,107 35,207 53,165 74,134 89,954 121,653 146,577 116,118 5,152 690,503

2002 1,608 23,545 28,787 36,610 54,823 79,424 98,771 130,212 162,088 128,807 5,328 750,003

2003 1,424 20,633 28,607 38,106 55,002 81,393 102,704 135,738 171,626 135,797 6,430 777,460

2004 1,178 19,705 29,157 38,170 53,142 80,810 104,523 139,848 179,999 141,103 8,140 795,775

2005 970 18,981 29,795 37,713 54,263 82,538 109,799 148,705 190,180 145,669 11,070 829,683

2006 865 17,493 28,138 34,452 51,072 76,528 107,369 147,798 183,192 144,658 12,241 803,806

2007 909 18,260 28,150 33,525 49,645 73,709 106,028 150,868 185,503 156,033 15,834 818,464

2008 997 20,417 32,325 36,828 52,492 76,077 112,917 166,753 201,501 170,483 19,600 890,390

2009 1,100 23,381 35,786 41,970 57,384 81,648 124,122 187,218 226,355 188,661 19,938 987,563

2010 899 23,327 37,431 44,918 58,801 85,033 128,065 202,844 245,619 200,611 21,718 1,049,266

2011 526 18,519 33,684 42,094 52,553 78,352 114,838 195,848 252,322 206,435 23,970 1,019,141

2012 370 15,164 29,920 40,292 49,531 73,887 107,731 188,833 249,755 202,187 25,976 983,646

2013 291 13,329 25,314 34,905 42,999 62,252 89,864 166,715 234,504 193,645 24,252 888,070

2014 292 12,569 23,027 31,049 38,880 53,743 76,478 147,852 219,904 184,371 22,808 810,973

2015 327 11,551 21,181 28,379 37,133 49,137 71,026 137,358 211,453 185,244 22,950 775,739

2016 310 10,860 19,895 26,246 36,061 45,453 67,539 126,811 203,412 184,419 23,262 744,268

2017 482 13,466 22,901 27,599 38,137 47,676 70,299 127,347 202,467 187,478 24,289 762,141

2018 438 11,851 20,797 25,905 36,652 45,571 67,043 119,370 195,535 185,896 24,821 733,879

2019 446 10,631 19,408 25,126 35,100 44,981 64,370 116,240 192,765 188,632 26,159 723,858
23

Source: SSA administrative records

(1) Age-specific and gross rates computed as the ratio of annual awards, to the exposure of the disability insured population not receiving benefits.

(2) Adjusted rate (by sex) computed using the age distribution and exposure of the disability insured population not receiving benefits as of calendar year 2000.

(3) Adjusted rate (total) computed using the combined age-sex distribution and exposure of the disability insured population not receiving benefits as of calendar year 2000.

Table 4.—Disabled Worker Incidence Rates Per Thousand Exposed

(Awards per thousand by age and year of award, 1996-2019 Social Security DI disability experience)

Year 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64

65 or

older

Total

Gross Adjusted

Male

1996 0.42 1.07 1.64 2.50 3.36 4.27 5.74 9.20 16.13 19.49 11.61 5.28 5.55

1997 0.38 1.02 1.40 2.05 2.78 3.72 5.10 8.37 15.00 18.21 11.07 4.80 5.00

1998 0.37 1.03 1.39 1.97 2.72 3.77 5.21 8.48 14.60 17.85 10.73 4.83 4.97

1999 0.38 1.11 1.42 1.89 2.71 3.76 5.17 8.34 14.23 17.63 11.46 4.84 4.90

2000 0.40 1.24 1.50 1.81 2.63 3.63 4.92 8.13 14.03 17.40 10.50 4.79 4.79

2001 0.52 1.58 1.84 2.07 2.84 3.88 5.21 8.64 14.74 18.41 10.49 5.23 5.15

2002 0.60 1.86 1.92 2.14 2.99 4.08 5.55 9.16 15.46 19.14 10.60 5.64 5.44

2003 0.59 1.62 1.90 2.24 3.07 4.20 5.72 9.39 15.70 18.97 9.92 5.83 5.50

2004 0.53 1.57 1.91 2.27 2.99 4.16 5.72 9.27 15.65 18.80 8.74 5.89 5.45

2005 0.47 1.56 1.91 2.31 3.02 4.30 5.94 9.42 15.70 18.72 9.62 6.07 5.52

2006 0.40 1.45 1.78 2.15 2.84 4.03 5.72 9.05 14.59 17.36 9.62 5.79 5.20

2007 0.43 1.51 1.78 2.11 2.76 3.98 5.60 9.04 14.65 17.53 9.32 5.86 5.19

2008 0.49 1.68 2.05 2.32 2.95 4.18 5.95 9.82 15.55 18.45 10.07 6.33 5.54

2009 0.61 1.95 2.27 2.62 3.34 4.66 6.60 11.03 17.10 19.79 10.02 7.10 6.14

2010 0.63 2.05 2.41 2.77 3.55 4.90 7.07 12.00 18.20 20.33 10.60 7.67 6.53

2011 0.47 1.70 2.18 2.56 3.27 4.49 6.48 11.51 18.15 20.36 10.84 7.48 6.21

2012 0.32 1.41 1.96 2.42 3.07 4.22 6.19 10.95 17.32 19.46 10.03 7.13 5.86

2013 0.24 1.22 1.66 2.08 2.64 3.60 5.23 9.57 15.91 18.10 9.44 6.39 5.18

2014 0.26 1.13 1.50 1.86 2.36 3.16 4.49 8.49 14.82 16.78 9.03 5.82 4.68

2015 0.25 1.04 1.34 1.71 2.21 2.95 4.18 7.94 13.91 16.16 9.07 5.50 4.39

2016 0.21 0.96 1.24 1.61 2.12 2.82 3.96 7.50 13.38 15.72 8.72 5.27 4.19

2017 0.31 1.16 1.40 1.67 2.19 2.93 4.11 7.62 13.12 15.42 8.50 5.30 4.26

2018 0.29 1.02 1.25 1.51 2.08 2.76 3.95 7.25 12.42 14.95 8.34 5.04 4.04

2019 0.32 0.90 1.16 1.44 1.97 2.70 3.84 7.05 12.10 14.97 8.44 4.93 3.93

Female

1996 0.26 0.74 1.29 2.11 3.11 4.23 5.73 9.41 14.81 15.52 9.11 4.75 5.02

1997 0.26 0.71 1.18 1.94 2.87 4.02 5.40 8.80 13.82 14.69 8.85 4.52 4.72

1998 0.23 0.76 1.23 1.97 2.95 4.12 5.64 8.99 13.99 14.66 8.61 4.68 4.81

1999 0.23 0.83 1.31 1.90 2.94 4.16 5.63 8.61 13.87 14.88 9.11 4.71 4.78

2000 0.28 0.93 1.37 1.89 2.88 3.98 5.27 8.22 13.37 14.49 8.13 4.61 4.61

2001 0.36 1.15 1.71 2.18 3.19 4.30 5.69 8.68 14.09 15.29 8.61 5.06 4.99

2002 0.38 1.35 1.83 2.30 3.38 4.60 6.11 9.11 14.23 15.93 8.93 5.43 5.25

2003 0.39 1.24 1.80 2.44 3.45 4.68 6.15 9.16 14.29 15.92 7.60 5.56 5.27

2004 0.36 1.21 1.82 2.50 3.38 4.68 6.18 9.25 14.21 16.08 7.26 5.69 5.29

2005 0.31 1.15 1.82 2.55 3.47 4.87 6.39 9.64 14.33 16.31 7.80 5.91 5.41

2006 0.28 1.04 1.66 2.38 3.27 4.68 6.27 9.42 13.50 15.38 8.02 5.71 5.16

2007 0.29 1.06 1.60 2.29 3.26 4.65 6.20 9.41 13.43 15.34 7.54 5.73 5.12

2008 0.31 1.18 1.77 2.48 3.52 4.97 6.66 10.23 14.24 15.84 8.21 6.19 5.47

2009 0.39 1.38 1.95 2.78 3.89 5.30 7.36 11.22 15.34 16.32 7.66 6.77 5.94

2010 0.41 1.44 2.04 2.90 4.10 5.50 7.62 11.89 16.00 16.27 8.00 7.15 6.18

2011 0.27 1.19 1.87 2.66 3.75 5.14 7.05 11.52 16.21 16.27 8.11 6.99 5.91

2012 0.23 0.98 1.66 2.52 3.55 4.99 6.88 11.27 16.11 16.09 7.79 6.85 5.73

2013 0.18 0.85 1.39 2.15 3.09 4.29 5.99 10.15 15.01 15.23 7.08 6.22 5.13

2014 0.15 0.78 1.23 1.90 2.76 3.82 5.22 9.15 13.93 13.96 6.88 5.65 4.63

2015 0.18 0.69 1.11 1.72 2.57 3.62 4.85 8.76 13.47 13.78 6.82 5.41 4.41

2016 0.16 0.64 1.01 1.54 2.43 3.38 4.62 8.24 12.79 13.29 6.54 5.11 4.16

2017 0.22 0.79 1.13 1.62 2.54 3.57 4.90 8.62 12.82 13.39 6.77 5.25 4.33

2018 0.20 0.68 1.02 1.52 2.38 3.36 4.73 8.22 12.47 13.01 6.71 5.03 4.13

2019 0.22 0.61 0.96 1.43 2.23 3.21 4.58 8.11 12.22 12.84 6.71 4.91 4.01

Total

1996 0.34 0.91 1.48 2.32 3.24 4.25 5.73 9.30 15.53 17.75 10.50 5.04 5.30

1997 0.32 0.87 1.30 2.00 2.82 3.86 5.24 8.57 14.47 16.66 10.08 4.67 4.87

1998 0.30 0.90 1.32 1.97 2.82 3.93 5.41 8.72 14.32 16.43 9.79 4.76 4.89

1999 0.31 0.98 1.37 1.89 2.81 3.94 5.39 8.46 14.07 16.40 10.42 4.78 4.84

2000 0.34 1.09 1.43 1.85 2.74 3.79 5.09 8.17 13.73 16.09 9.48 4.71 4.71

2001 0.44 1.37 1.78 2.12 3.00 4.07 5.43 8.66 14.44 16.99 9.66 5.15 5.08

2002 0.49 1.61 1.88 2.21 3.16 4.32 5.81 9.14 14.89 17.68 9.85 5.54 5.36

2003 0.49 1.43 1.85 2.33 3.24 4.42 5.92 9.28 15.04 17.58 8.84 5.70 5.40

2004 0.45 1.40 1.86 2.38 3.17 4.40 5.94 9.26 14.97 17.55 8.07 5.80 5.38

2005 0.38 1.36 1.86 2.42 3.23 4.56 6.15 9.53 15.05 17.61 8.80 5.99 5.47

2006 0.34 1.25 1.72 2.26 3.04 4.33 5.98 9.23 14.07 16.44 8.89 5.75 5.19

2007 0.36 1.29 1.69 2.20 2.99 4.29 5.88 9.22 14.07 16.51 8.51 5.80 5.16

2008 0.40 1.44 1.92 2.40 3.21 4.54 6.28 10.01 14.92 17.23 9.22 6.26 5.51

2009 0.50 1.67 2.12 2.69 3.60 4.95 6.96 11.12 16.26 18.14 8.94 6.94 6.04

2010 0.51 1.75 2.23 2.83 3.81 5.18 7.33 11.95 17.15 18.39 9.38 7.42 6.37

2011 0.37 1.45 2.03 2.61 3.49 4.79 6.74 11.52 17.22 18.39 9.55 7.24 6.07

2012 0.28 1.20 1.81 2.47 3.30 4.57 6.51 11.10 16.74 17.83 8.97 6.99 5.80

2013 0.21 1.04 1.53 2.12 2.85 3.92 5.58 9.85 15.48 16.71 8.32 6.31 5.16

2014 0.20 0.96 1.37 1.88 2.55 3.47 4.83 8.80 14.40 15.42 7.99 5.74 4.65

2015 0.21 0.87 1.23 1.71 2.38 3.27 4.49 8.33 13.70 15.01 7.97 5.46 4.40

2016 0.18 0.80 1.12 1.58 2.26 3.08 4.27 7.85 13.10 14.54 7.66 5.19 4.18

2017 0.26 0.98 1.27 1.64 2.35 3.23 4.48 8.09 12.97 14.44 7.66 5.28 4.29

2018 0.24 0.86 1.14 1.51 2.22 3.05 4.32 7.71 12.44 14.01 7.55 5.04 4.08

2019 0.27 0.76 1.06 1.43 2.09 2.94 4.19 7.55 12.16 13.93 7.59 4.92 3.97
24

Source: SSA administrative records. Gross rate is the ratio of annual terminations to the average number of disabled worker beneficiaries in force. Adjusted rate (by

sex and total) computed using the age distribution and exposure of the disabled worker beneficiaries as of calendar year 2000. Total = gross + conversion ratio.

Table 5.—Disabled Worker Benefit Terminations, Conversions, and Ratios to In-force

(By reason for termination and year, 1996-2019 Social Security DI disability experience)

Year Conv Total

Terminations per thousand beneficiaries

Conv

ratio

Gross

Total

Number of terminations Death Recovery Other Subtotal

Death Recov Other Gross Adj Gross Adj Gross Adj Gross Adj

Male

1996 114,672 32,608 4,337 116,756 268,373 41.93 42.38 11.92 10.94 1.59 1.55 55.44 54.88 42.69 98.13

1997 104,632 76,591 3,861 120,359 305,443 37.30 37.90 27.30 26.00 1.38 1.36 65.97 65.26 42.90 108.87

1998 105,417 30,167 3,935 117,540 257,059 37.23 37.59 10.65 10.22 1.39 1.39 49.27 49.20 41.51 90.78

1999 107,252 34,908 5,439 124,049 271,648 36.90 37.08 12.01 11.79 1.87 1.87 50.78 50.73 42.68 93.46

2000 108,226 41,826 6,966 125,583 282,601 36.42 36.42 14.07 14.07 2.34 2.34 52.83 52.83 42.26 95.09

2001 104,516 39,933 6,878 125,567 276,894 34.31 34.12 13.11 13.33 2.26 2.29 49.68 49.73 41.22 90.89

2002 113,756 36,918 6,794 129,017 286,485 36.02 35.66 11.69 12.13 2.15 2.19 49.86 49.98 40.85 90.72

2003 115,760 33,066 6,073 113,850 268,749 35.05 34.37 10.01 10.61 1.84 1.75 46.89 46.72 34.47 81.36

2004 119,344 30,002 10,418 114,495 274,259 34.53 33.57 8.68 9.46 3.01 2.78 46.23 45.81 33.13 79.36

2005 124,344 35,138 13,051 118,369 290,902 34.42 33.18 9.73 10.80 3.61 3.29 47.76 47.28 32.77 80.53

2006 126,730 31,856 8,133 126,382 293,101 33.80 32.35 8.50 9.61 2.17 2.17 44.47 44.13 33.71 78.17

2007 128,819 25,512 11,076 134,800 300,207 33.21 31.49 6.58 7.54 2.86 3.00 42.64 42.02 34.75 77.40

2008 134,036 27,528 11,144 147,657 320,365 33.33 31.21 6.85 7.94 2.77 2.92 42.95 42.07 36.72 79.67

2009 137,108 24,373 11,703 184,807 357,991 32.67 30.52 5.81 6.85 2.79 2.91 41.27 40.28 44.04 85.31

2010 139,716 28,946 12,942 182,931 364,535 31.83 29.47 6.60 7.83 2.95 3.27 41.38 40.56 41.68 83.06

2011 145,003 30,345 8,736 183,963 368,047 31.64 29.21 6.62 8.07 1.91 2.04 40.16 39.32 40.14 80.30

2012 153,740 33,969 3,781 218,083 409,573 32.47 29.73 7.17 9.01 0.80 0.76 40.44 39.50 46.06 86.50

2013 152,030 29,761 3,605 246,232 431,628 31.62 28.90 6.19 7.87 0.75 0.72 38.56 37.49 51.22 89.78

2014 153,143 41,207 1,336 244,381 440,067 31.74 28.75 8.54 11.06 0.28 0.21 40.55 40.01 50.64 91.19

2015 153,899 47,288 1,170 249,485 451,842 32.06 28.74 9.85 13.20 0.24 0.18 42.15 42.11 51.97 94.12

2016 151,280 53,285 1,135 250,428 456,128 31.86 28.36 11.22 15.28 0.24 0.17 43.32 43.82 52.74 96.06

2017 150,809 60,973 1,329 260,157 473,268 32.21 28.50 13.02 18.04 0.28 0.18 45.51 46.72 55.56 101.07

2018 148,761 65,171 1,250 266,069 481,251 32.37 28.40 14.18 20.13 0.27 0.17 46.83 48.70 57.90 104.73

2019 143,541 59,738 1,047 271,297 475,623 31.97 27.87 13.31 18.92 0.23 0.13 45.51 46.92 60.43 105.94

Female

1996 52,473 17,964 1,990 69,671 142,098 30.24 30.69 10.35 9.70 1.15 1.11 41.73 41.49 40.15 81.88

1997 53,322 29,365 1,735 73,800 158,222 28.73 29.13 15.82 15.05 0.93 0.91 45.49 45.09 39.76 85.25

1998 55,398 21,364 2,032 74,190 152,984 28.18 28.44 10.87 10.56 1.03 1.04 40.09 40.04 37.74 77.83

1999 58,175 22,894 2,682 81,030 164,781 27.86 27.99 10.96 10.81 1.28 1.28 40.10 40.07 38.80 78.90

2000 60,770 27,657 3,215 84,484 176,126 27.57 27.57 12.55 12.55 1.46 1.46 41.57 41.57 38.32 79.90

2001 60,452 26,832 3,378 87,553 178,215 25.99 25.86 11.53 11.68 1.45 1.47 38.97 39.01 37.64 76.61

2002 66,846 27,139 3,506 93,336 190,827 27.01 26.79 10.97 11.23 1.42 1.44 39.39 39.47 37.71 77.10

2003 69,449 24,957 3,145 84,484 182,035 26.25 25.86 9.43 9.81 1.19 1.12 36.87 36.78 31.93 68.81

2004 71,990 23,675 5,770 87,243 188,678 25.52 24.98 8.39 8.90 2.05 1.88 35.95 35.75 30.92 66.87

2005 75,843 28,384 7,530 91,928 203,685 25.25 24.53 9.45 10.17 2.51 2.30 37.20 37.00 30.60 67.81

2006 78,651 26,378 5,339 100,178 210,546 24.78 23.95 8.31 9.08 1.68 1.71 34.77 34.75 31.56 66.34

2007 80,594 21,693 7,633 108,094 218,014 24.17 23.14 6.50 7.21 2.29 2.42 32.96 32.77 32.41 65.37

2008 84,836 23,841 7,614 121,112 237,403 24.20 23.00 6.80 7.64 2.17 2.31 33.18 32.94 34.56 67.73

2009 88,655 21,118 8,332 154,591 272,696 23.98 22.72 5.71 6.49 2.25 2.38 31.94 31.59 41.81 73.75

2010 90,695 25,636 7,876 154,031 278,238 23.29 21.98 6.58 7.59 2.02 2.21 31.90 31.77 39.56 71.45

2011 94,180 27,748 5,718 155,096 282,742 23.03 21.58 6.78 8.03 1.40 1.49 31.21 31.10 37.92 69.13

2012 101,119 31,167 2,932 185,995 321,213 23.76 22.19 7.32 8.96 0.69 0.70 31.77 31.85 43.70 75.46

2013 100,776 27,337 2,841 208,764 339,718 23.10 21.45 6.27 7.82 0.65 0.66 30.01 29.93 47.85 77.86

2014 102,464 39,087 743 209,679 351,973 23.16 21.48 8.84 11.32 0.17 0.13 32.17 32.93 47.40 79.57

2015 103,910 44,478 661 216,175 365,224 23.38 21.50 10.01 13.38 0.15 0.11 33.54 34.99 48.65 82.19

2016 102,463 49,914 677 220,878 373,932 23.10 21.16 11.25 15.47 0.15 0.10 34.50 36.73 49.79 84.29

2017 103,358 57,050 706 234,433 395,547 23.42 21.28 12.93 18.09 0.16 0.10 36.51 39.47 53.12 89.63

2018 101,152 60,480 654 244,652 406,938 23.14 20.92 13.84 19.97 0.15 0.09 37.12 40.98 55.97 93.09

2019 98,858 55,058 637 253,630 408,183 22.93 20.67 12.77 18.52 0.15 0.08 35.85 39.27 58.84 94.69

Total

1996 167,145 50,572 6,327 186,427 410,471 37.39 37.40 11.31 10.41 1.42 1.36 50.12 49.18 41.70 91.82

1997 157,954 105,956 5,596 194,159 463,665 33.89 34.17 22.73 21.33 1.20 1.17 57.82 56.67 41.65 99.47

1998 160,815 51,531 5,967 191,730 410,043 33.52 33.69 10.74 10.36 1.24 1.24 45.51 45.30 39.97 85.48

1999 165,427 57,802 8,121 205,079 436,429 33.12 33.21 11.57 11.37 1.63 1.61 46.32 46.19 41.06 87.38

2000 168,996 69,483 10,181 210,067 458,727 32.65 32.65 13.42 13.42 1.97 1.97 48.04 48.04 40.58 88.62

2001 164,968 66,765 10,256 213,120 455,109 30.71 30.60 12.43 12.63 1.91 1.94 45.04 45.17 39.67 84.71

2002 180,602 64,057 10,300 222,353 477,312 32.06 31.88 11.37 11.75 1.83 1.87 45.26 45.50 39.47 84.74

2003 185,209 58,023 9,218 198,334 450,784 31.13 30.74 9.75 10.27 1.55 1.48 42.44 42.49 33.34 75.78

2004 191,334 53,677 16,188 201,738 462,937 30.48 29.91 8.55 9.22 2.58 2.39 41.61 41.53 32.14 73.75

2005 200,187 63,522 20,581 210,297 494,587 30.26 29.50 9.60 10.53 3.11 2.87 42.97 42.90 31.79 74.76

2006 205,381 58,234 13,472 226,560 503,647 29.66 28.77 8.41 9.39 1.95 1.97 40.02 40.14 32.72 72.75

2007 209,413 47,205 18,709 242,894 518,221 29.03 27.93 6.54 7.40 2.59 2.75 38.17 38.08 33.67 71.84

2008 218,872 51,369 18,758 268,769 557,768 29.08 27.71 6.83 7.81 2.49 2.66 38.40 38.18 35.71 74.11

2009 225,763 45,491 20,035 339,398 630,687 28.60 27.20 5.76 6.70 2.54 2.69 36.90 36.58 42.99 79.89

2010 230,411 54,582 20,818 336,962 642,773 27.82 26.28 6.59 7.73 2.51 2.82 36.92 36.82 40.68 77.60

2011 239,183 58,093 14,454 339,059 650,789 27.58 25.96 6.70 8.05 1.67 1.80 35.94 35.82 39.09 75.03

2012 254,859 65,136 6,713 404,078 730,786 28.35 26.52 7.24 8.99 0.75 0.73 36.34 36.24 44.94 81.28

2013 252,806 57,098 6,446 454,996 771,346 27.57 25.72 6.23 7.85 0.70 0.69 34.50 34.27 49.61 84.11

2014 255,607 80,294 2,079 454,060 792,040 27.64 25.65 8.68 11.17 0.22 0.18 36.54 36.99 49.09 85.63

2015 257,809 91,766 1,831 465,660 817,066 27.89 25.65 9.93 13.27 0.20 0.15 38.01 39.08 50.37 88.38

2016 253,743 103,199 1,812 471,306 830,060 27.63 25.30 11.24 15.36 0.20 0.14 39.06 40.80 51.31 90.38

2017 254,167 118,023 2,035 494,590 868,815 27.94 25.43 12.98 18.06 0.22 0.15 41.14 43.63 54.38 95.52

2018 249,913 125,651 1,904 510,721 888,189 27.87 25.22 14.01 20.06 0.21 0.14 42.10 45.41 56.96 99.05

2019 242,399 114,796 1,684 524,927 883,806 27.54 24.80 13.04 18.75 0.19 0.11 40.78 43.66 59.65 100.43
25

Source: SSA administrative records.

Table 6.—Disabled Worker Benefits In Current-Payment Status

(By age at end of year, 1996-2019 Social Security DI disability experience)

Year 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 Total

Male

1996 768 20,025 75,593 150,936 242,640 307,286 363,195 396,309 482,044 599,705 0 2,638,501

1997 729 18,330 69,226 139,506 233,304 308,492 362,595 417,193 503,624 607,320 0 2,660,319

1998 763 18,103 64,835 132,429 230,690 317,452 374,073 440,585 529,592 622,743 0 2,731,265

1999 815 18,920 60,732 124,586 226,686 323,580 386,484 467,617 551,624 633,107 0 2,794,151

2000 887 20,792 57,535 118,869 218,318 325,885 397,952 494,644 569,818 647,231 0 2,851,931

2001 1,082 25,291 59,109 116,707 211,521 329,107 412,356 515,749 603,613 673,161 0 2,947,696

2002 1,182 30,579 63,206 115,533 205,695 331,221 430,058 529,673 647,693 712,309 0 3,067,149

2003 1,052 32,437 69,442 116,011 201,779 334,681 447,952 551,669 688,353 756,310 21,685 3,221,371

2004 870 32,332 75,641 116,293 196,709 335,834 462,482 573,435 737,309 796,437 46,345 3,373,687

2005 697 31,312 80,573 115,271 194,958 330,913 474,246 596,708 788,316 829,479 74,786 3,517,259

2006 611 29,420 84,002 115,225 193,448 322,471 481,242 619,122 814,662 875,884 107,034 3,643,121

2007 623 28,380 86,530 118,519 192,012 314,743 483,943 643,244 825,507 932,822 147,589 3,773,912

2008 706 28,965 90,268 125,312 191,469 308,761 488,247 671,212 851,524 982,985 185,075 3,924,524

2009 770 31,435 95,185 136,107 194,594 308,454 499,108 706,505 895,303 1,050,371 182,575 4,100,407

2010 665 33,206 100,188 147,694 197,445 314,907 506,533 745,740 953,061 1,126,306 183,933 4,309,678

2011 399 31,222 101,835 156,392 199,196 317,767 502,455 771,376 1,011,826 1,182,862 218,481 4,493,811

2012 272 27,280 100,152 161,117 202,861 316,371 493,181 781,189 1,063,399 1,213,681 246,541 4,606,044

2013 215 23,426 95,651 161,933 206,427 308,773 475,772 777,957 1,097,757 1,249,308 244,915 4,642,134

2014 220 19,977 88,847 157,903 207,815 294,581 451,294 759,308 1,114,755 1,282,955 250,020 4,627,675

2015 213 17,401 80,718 150,581 207,948 277,197 433,205 728,050 1,117,193 1,317,977 250,817 4,581,300

2016 196 15,621 72,108 140,964 204,986 261,282 413,982 687,273 1,105,255 1,348,227 260,685 4,510,579

2017 297 16,383 66,863 131,346 200,638 252,890 395,286 648,549 1,080,159 1,373,285 266,634 4,432,330

2018 294 16,210 62,026 120,598 192,866 246,894 373,744 609,416 1,050,343 1,386,315 271,480 4,330,186

2019 300 15,439 58,681 112,021 185,204 244,382 352,662 573,453 1,016,972 1,390,550 281,574 4,231,238

Female

1996 478 12,380 47,206 94,145 152,053 201,631 242,748 281,299 331,849 376,021 0 1,739,810

1997 457 11,590 45,861 92,644 155,082 213,006 256,741 308,246 361,640 395,107 0 1,840,374

1998 445 11,748 44,863 91,709 160,302 226,100 274,984 334,305 394,759 420,462 0 1,959,677

1999 474 12,644 43,926 89,852 164,335 238,202 294,693 362,563 426,265 443,091 0 2,076,045

2000 573 14,296 43,177 89,670 164,859 246,800 312,538 391,464 451,582 468,756 0 2,183,715

2001 715 17,339 45,741 92,537 165,846 256,575 332,522 416,824 489,879 502,151 0 2,320,129

2002 727 20,884 50,590 95,515 167,600 266,622 353,508 438,776 531,718 546,347 0 2,472,287

2003 682 22,578 55,878 99,774 169,470 277,724 375,324 465,180 570,499 593,608 16,532 2,647,249

2004 591 22,898 61,383 103,753 169,586 286,702 394,572 494,833 616,509 638,275 35,435 2,824,537

2005 473 22,141 65,812 105,867 173,619 291,295 412,264 527,063 667,304 677,094 58,798 3,001,730

2006 441 20,623 68,643 107,464 177,935 290,318 426,597 557,006 701,363 727,849 85,558 3,163,797

2007 436 19,552 69,937 111,023 181,609 288,752 437,617 584,975 725,575 784,345 120,990 3,324,811

2008 454 19,907 71,794 116,647 185,996 288,694 451,000 616,848 761,221 834,659 154,947 3,502,167

2009 519 21,485 74,016 125,724 192,169 291,177 468,127 653,845 811,562 895,273 153,715 3,687,612

2010 454 22,651 76,703 135,257 196,262 300,892 480,270 692,026 870,176 964,283 155,286 3,894,260

2011 278 21,498 77,277 140,993 198,055 309,068 479,372 720,873 928,821 1,019,213 186,285 4,081,733

2012 195 18,847 75,479 142,956 201,596 313,329 473,983 739,885 982,563 1,062,235 209,479 4,220,547

2013 158 15,956 71,994 141,452 204,214 311,248 461,327 747,605 1,023,339 1,111,262 210,261 4,298,816

2014 123 13,518 66,532 135,082 203,925 301,667 442,009 739,758 1,047,793 1,159,642 216,794 4,326,843

2015 150 11,480 59,986 126,466 201,655 286,314 429,823 718,837 1,063,357 1,208,799 221,263 4,328,130

2016 155 10,239 53,056 116,429 196,204 270,033 417,983 684,653 1,063,432 1,251,085 234,888 4,298,157

2017 233 10,649 48,754 107,718 189,195 261,899 405,797 652,072 1,053,608 1,288,243 244,977 4,263,145

2018 223 10,550 44,867 99,275 179,840 254,976 390,214 618,539 1,041,437 1,313,542 253,683 4,207,146

2019 226 10,215 42,319 92,546 169,812 250,826 374,585 588,749 1,023,504 1,329,585 264,769 4,147,136

Total

1996 1,246 32,405 122,799 245,081 394,693 508,917 605,943 677,608 813,893 975,726 0 4,378,311

1997 1,186 29,920 115,087 232,150 388,386 521,498 619,336 725,439 865,264 1,002,427 0 4,500,693

1998 1,208 29,851 109,698 224,138 390,992 543,552 649,057 774,890 924,351 1,043,205 0 4,690,942

1999 1,289 31,564 104,658 214,438 391,021 561,782 681,177 830,180 977,889 1,076,198 0 4,870,196

2000 1,460 35,088 100,712 208,539 383,177 572,685 710,490 886,108 1,021,400 1,115,987 0 5,035,646

2001 1,797 42,630 104,850 209,244 377,367 585,682 744,878 932,573 1,093,492 1,175,312 0 5,267,825

2002 1,909 51,463 113,796 211,048 373,295 597,843 783,566 968,449 1,179,411 1,258,656 0 5,539,436

2003 1,734 55,015 125,320 215,785 371,249 612,405 823,276 1,016,849 1,258,852 1,349,918 38,217 5,868,620

2004 1,461 55,230 137,024 220,046 366,295 622,536 857,054 1,068,268 1,353,818 1,434,712 81,780 6,198,224

2005 1,170 53,453 146,385 221,138 368,577 622,208 886,510 1,123,771 1,455,620 1,506,573 133,584 6,518,989

2006 1,052 50,043 152,645 222,689 371,383 612,789 907,839 1,176,128 1,516,025 1,603,733 192,592 6,806,918

2007 1,059 47,932 156,467 229,542 373,621 603,495 921,560 1,228,219 1,551,082 1,717,167 268,579 7,098,723

2008 1,160 48,872 162,062 241,959 377,465 597,455 939,247 1,288,060 1,612,745 1,817,644 340,022 7,426,691

2009 1,289 52,920 169,201 261,831 386,763 599,631 967,235 1,360,350 1,706,865 1,945,644 336,290 7,788,019

2010 1,119 55,857 176,891 282,951 393,707 615,799 986,803 1,437,766 1,823,237 2,090,589 339,219 8,203,938

2011 677 52,720 179,112 297,385 397,251 626,835 981,827 1,492,249 1,940,647 2,202,075 404,766 8,575,544

2012 467 46,127 175,631 304,073 404,457 629,700 967,164 1,521,074 2,045,962 2,275,916 456,020 8,826,591

2013 373 39,382 167,645 303,385 410,641 620,021 937,099 1,525,562 2,121,096 2,360,570 455,176 8,940,950

2014 343 33,495 155,379 292,985 411,740 596,248 893,303 1,499,066 2,162,548 2,442,597 466,814 8,954,518

2015 363 28,881 140,704 277,047 409,603 563,511 863,028 1,446,887 2,180,550 2,526,776 472,080 8,909,430

2016 351 25,860 125,164 257,393 401,190 531,315 831,965 1,371,926 2,168,687 2,599,312 495,573 8,808,736

2017 530 27,032 115,617 239,064 389,833 514,789 801,083 1,300,621 2,133,767 2,661,528 511,611 8,695,475

2018 517 26,760 106,893 219,873 372,706 501,870 763,958 1,227,955 2,091,780 2,699,857 525,163 8,537,332

2019 526 25,654 101,000 204,567 355,016 495,208 727,247 1,162,202 2,040,476 2,720,135 546,343 8,378,374

Disabled Worker Death Experience

by Entitlement Age and Duration

(2011-15)
.
29

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of death—in a multiple-decrement environment—during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those

originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 7C for attained ages beyond age 75.

4. Results have been graduated using the Whittaker-Henderson Type B two-dimensional method.

Table 7A.—Male Disabled Workers

Probability of Death

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.007175 0.001547 0.003359 0.005631 0.003877 0.002814 0.004051 0.004955 0.006637 0.005415 0.003617 26

17 0.007607 0.003953 0.003932 0.005657 0.004147 0.004248 0.004716 0.004657 0.007050 0.006106 0.004675 27

18 0.008873 0.006475 0.004396 0.005408 0.005287 0.005596 0.005150 0.004156 0.006976 0.006388 0.005411 28

19 0.011197 0.008101 0.004881 0.005215 0.006381 0.005737 0.004912 0.004520 0.006447 0.007468 0.006112 29

20 0.011017 0.009251 0.005611 0.005454 0.006033 0.005882 0.005017 0.004991 0.005509 0.007406 0.007030 30

21 0.010965 0.009165 0.008060 0.005386 0.005204 0.006087 0.004888 0.004792 0.005810 0.006527 0.006355 31

22 0.012289 0.008988 0.007326 0.006063 0.006172 0.006271 0.005799 0.006282 0.006728 0.006774 0.005747 32

23 0.014125 0.011270 0.008073 0.006019 0.006777 0.006293 0.006645 0.007876 0.007310 0.006579 0.006615 33

24 0.015084 0.012043 0.009140 0.006941 0.007646 0.006472 0.007752 0.007933 0.007198 0.008229 0.007567 34

25 0.019201 0.014491 0.010604 0.008696 0.008641 0.008343 0.008238 0.008044 0.009082 0.008350 0.007150 35

26 0.020984 0.015923 0.011259 0.009039 0.009992 0.010024 0.009423 0.009400 0.008534 0.010004 0.007577 36

27 0.021112 0.015961 0.011961 0.010729 0.010452 0.009264 0.009392 0.009804 0.008417 0.010170 0.008741 37

28 0.022491 0.015984 0.012927 0.010725 0.010067 0.010621 0.011379 0.010022 0.009034 0.010744 0.009549 38

29 0.023582 0.015969 0.012594 0.011580 0.010190 0.011410 0.010747 0.011460 0.012242 0.011969 0.009783 39

30 0.024798 0.018525 0.013777 0.012464 0.010957 0.011252 0.011492 0.011626 0.013065 0.012384 0.010640 40

31 0.023328 0.018531 0.013916 0.011822 0.011447 0.011234 0.010903 0.011638 0.013221 0.012345 0.011153 41

32 0.024682 0.018588 0.014452 0.011441 0.012400 0.011609 0.011553 0.013702 0.013202 0.012048 0.011910 42

33 0.027330 0.020499 0.014827 0.013544 0.012077 0.013245 0.013247 0.013919 0.013848 0.013297 0.012289 43

34 0.028399 0.019836 0.015685 0.014254 0.013350 0.013610 0.013383 0.013378 0.013196 0.013584 0.013175 44

35 0.030470 0.020094 0.016485 0.014094 0.014369 0.015085 0.014798 0.013623 0.014430 0.015872 0.014510 45

36 0.031201 0.020976 0.016182 0.015754 0.014753 0.015542 0.014518 0.014686 0.015233 0.015908 0.015168 46

37 0.030694 0.021877 0.017780 0.015664 0.014618 0.016066 0.015998 0.016562 0.015904 0.016563 0.016356 47

38 0.031833 0.022443 0.018424 0.016603 0.015577 0.015557 0.016494 0.016178 0.017814 0.018384 0.017115 48

39 0.036764 0.023829 0.019231 0.017852 0.015731 0.017441 0.016566 0.017542 0.018489 0.018847 0.017803 49

40 0.036107 0.023856 0.018272 0.018094 0.016562 0.016585 0.018174 0.019148 0.018601 0.020020 0.019723 50

41 0.039447 0.025165 0.020036 0.018295 0.018046 0.019545 0.020216 0.019368 0.020055 0.020945 0.020555 51

42 0.042035 0.028313 0.021366 0.020549 0.019025 0.021219 0.020109 0.020070 0.021292 0.022295 0.021965 52

43 0.043696 0.029173 0.022790 0.021133 0.020493 0.020965 0.021334 0.022778 0.022831 0.024446 0.023508 53

44 0.043086 0.030906 0.023944 0.022227 0.021591 0.021792 0.023281 0.022017 0.023235 0.025748 0.024385 54

45 0.047117 0.032136 0.025599 0.022932 0.022878 0.022244 0.023522 0.024672 0.025474 0.025926 0.025702 55

46 0.050852 0.033966 0.026365 0.025600 0.024256 0.024609 0.025628 0.025956 0.027978 0.029357 0.028082 56

47 0.056916 0.034919 0.028458 0.026569 0.025875 0.026484 0.026246 0.027094 0.028357 0.030515 0.029326 57

48 0.060946 0.040410 0.030913 0.028603 0.027552 0.027901 0.029522 0.028408 0.031046 0.031931 0.031255 58

49 0.062478 0.040928 0.031050 0.028954 0.027345 0.028373 0.030452 0.031089 0.031883 0.033640 0.032894 59

50 0.042661 0.031050 0.026100 0.025797 0.025903 0.027369 0.028038 0.030147 0.030453 0.033520 0.035000 60

51 0.054740 0.037102 0.029870 0.028068 0.029607 0.030074 0.029908 0.031790 0.034426 0.034175 0.036142 61

52 0.058255 0.039429 0.031753 0.029201 0.030521 0.031569 0.032070 0.034136 0.035687 0.037208 0.037453 62

53 0.064498 0.041797 0.033611 0.031930 0.032328 0.033047 0.035015 0.034938 0.037026 0.037699 0.039538 63

54 0.064622 0.042791 0.034213 0.033523 0.032414 0.035090 0.035121 0.036589 0.037792 0.038309 0.040737 64

55 0.047245 0.033968 0.029988 0.029938 0.029907 0.031845 0.033180 0.035458 0.035353 0.037127 0.038128 65

56 0.057324 0.039982 0.033325 0.033011 0.032384 0.035754 0.035246 0.037774 0.037524 0.035501 0.045059 66

57 0.059355 0.041708 0.033661 0.033503 0.033890 0.036823 0.037060 0.037294 0.034520 0.042421 0.047487 67

58 0.061674 0.041877 0.035829 0.034605 0.034912 0.036656 0.038287 0.034318 0.040418 0.045527 0.049702 68

59 0.062680 0.042325 0.036097 0.035233 0.035322 0.037245 0.034937 0.040803 0.043175 0.047763 0.053008 69

60 0.061639 0.043211 0.036127 0.034947 0.035282 0.034098 0.040359 0.042692 0.046129 0.048749 0.055901 70

61 0.070474 0.047510 0.038960 0.036788 0.034431 0.039888 0.042919 0.045085 0.049417 0.051915 0.059338 71

62 0.073263 0.049457 0.040457 0.038238 0.040118 0.043727 0.045933 0.048901 0.053295 0.055304 0.062607 72

63 0.086323 0.058018 0.045471 0.044064 0.045420 0.047896 0.053293 0.052163 0.057833 0.058613 0.067118 73

64 0.102745 0.062102 0.051048 0.049513 0.050920 0.052707 0.057641 0.057725 0.060401 0.066597 0.071461 74

65 0.111476 0.065839 0.055680 0.050139 0.051346 0.056072 0.056916 0.059350 0.063215 0.073825 0.075068 75

q[ ] x + t
30

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of death—in a multiple-decrement environment—during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those

originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 7C for attained ages beyond age 75.

4. Results have been graduated using the Whittaker-Henderson Type B two-dimensional method.

Table 7B.—Female Disabled Workers

Probability of Death

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.003904 0.012404 0.009918 0.008138 0.003466 0.006455 0.005363 0.003831 0.004950 0.003733 0.005899 26

17 0.005316 0.010740 0.008640 0.008246 0.003865 0.006651 0.005272 0.004218 0.004801 0.004952 0.005796 27

18 0.006791 0.008646 0.007291 0.007964 0.004373 0.006454 0.004972 0.004515 0.005309 0.006054 0.005305 28

19 0.008646 0.007201 0.006341 0.007391 0.004447 0.005803 0.005529 0.004489 0.006513 0.006927 0.004833 29

20 0.010678 0.006584 0.006101 0.005403 0.005258 0.004257 0.005624 0.004961 0.005747 0.006264 0.005606 30

21 0.011517 0.007867 0.006459 0.006099 0.005867 0.004562 0.006319 0.005235 0.005656 0.006198 0.005486 31

22 0.012423 0.009719 0.007276 0.006680 0.004957 0.005150 0.006567 0.004881 0.005697 0.005980 0.006178 32

23 0.013172 0.010837 0.007910 0.007020 0.005017 0.005346 0.006921 0.005005 0.007600 0.005874 0.006168 33

24 0.013898 0.011295 0.007919 0.006633 0.006037 0.006123 0.007026 0.006841 0.006811 0.006131 0.006770 34

25 0.017233 0.011011 0.007993 0.008330 0.006975 0.007309 0.006728 0.007783 0.008114 0.006229 0.007443 35

26 0.017685 0.013516 0.009846 0.008791 0.007141 0.007891 0.008005 0.008085 0.008635 0.007182 0.006576 36

27 0.019429 0.014925 0.011309 0.008302 0.007914 0.008665 0.007461 0.008490 0.008767 0.007610 0.007552 37

28 0.020649 0.015735 0.010706 0.009132 0.008622 0.008221 0.008944 0.009679 0.009369 0.008400 0.008461 38

29 0.020395 0.015185 0.011149 0.009951 0.009950 0.009213 0.007940 0.009375 0.008868 0.008519 0.008509 39

30 0.020820 0.014919 0.011940 0.010664 0.009603 0.008994 0.008085 0.008647 0.008797 0.008566 0.009023 40

31 0.022663 0.015732 0.011449 0.010360 0.010366 0.009163 0.009398 0.009840 0.009123 0.009181 0.009652 41

32 0.023622 0.017757 0.012483 0.009412 0.010531 0.009187 0.008977 0.010102 0.010083 0.008795 0.009851 42

33 0.023155 0.018195 0.012306 0.011025 0.010045 0.009369 0.008948 0.010473 0.009301 0.010189 0.009696 43

34 0.024664 0.017724 0.012253 0.011304 0.010237 0.009919 0.010701 0.011267 0.009517 0.010550 0.010477 44

35 0.027061 0.018922 0.013601 0.011572 0.010651 0.011064 0.010975 0.011121 0.010946 0.011356 0.011405 45

36 0.027040 0.020485 0.014145 0.011679 0.010674 0.011007 0.011111 0.012517 0.010756 0.011589 0.012196 46

37 0.028185 0.020779 0.013498 0.013700 0.011706 0.011899 0.010820 0.011584 0.011268 0.011825 0.012711 47

38 0.028632 0.021097 0.015779 0.013097 0.012244 0.010775 0.012005 0.011849 0.011685 0.012686 0.013409 48

39 0.029234 0.020562 0.017321 0.013170 0.012432 0.011616 0.013482 0.013004 0.013748 0.012779 0.013873 49

40 0.030291 0.023116 0.017290 0.014710 0.013279 0.012760 0.013393 0.012747 0.012866 0.014153 0.014271 50

41 0.032381 0.022819 0.017434 0.014858 0.013735 0.013340 0.013966 0.013879 0.013916 0.014437 0.015587 51

42 0.034004 0.023967 0.017252 0.015265 0.013978 0.013793 0.013535 0.013401 0.015271 0.015143 0.015632 52

43 0.034625 0.025459 0.017110 0.015695 0.014504 0.014417 0.014114 0.014967 0.015471 0.015271 0.016862 53

44 0.038500 0.026132 0.019833 0.017240 0.015280 0.015501 0.015732 0.016582 0.016484 0.017072 0.018311 54

45 0.037812 0.025817 0.018963 0.016487 0.016160 0.016631 0.016935 0.016872 0.015967 0.016241 0.018074 55

46 0.039620 0.027165 0.020347 0.017402 0.017181 0.017134 0.017236 0.017664 0.016800 0.017588 0.019509 56

47 0.041447 0.028669 0.021329 0.019572 0.018835 0.016654 0.016918 0.018173 0.018284 0.019451 0.020639 57

48 0.045238 0.032142 0.023117 0.020158 0.018537 0.017561 0.018037 0.019385 0.019342 0.020293 0.021062 58

49 0.047226 0.032296 0.023861 0.020739 0.018378 0.018593 0.018693 0.020289 0.019599 0.019897 0.022106 59

50 0.031331 0.022107 0.019019 0.017715 0.016970 0.018033 0.017877 0.018807 0.019116 0.019839 0.023050 60

51 0.042390 0.027948 0.022083 0.019219 0.018478 0.018514 0.021116 0.019783 0.021438 0.023107 0.024058 61

52 0.043441 0.030004 0.021527 0.020917 0.019601 0.019577 0.020290 0.020205 0.021195 0.023653 0.025440 62

53 0.045811 0.030945 0.024194 0.021573 0.020997 0.021928 0.022382 0.022169 0.023221 0.024239 0.026955 63

54 0.046539 0.032143 0.025797 0.022088 0.022400 0.022431 0.023066 0.024277 0.024636 0.025502 0.028264 64

55 0.034072 0.025040 0.021257 0.019970 0.020724 0.020575 0.022134 0.023109 0.024327 0.025234 0.025684 65

56 0.043382 0.028811 0.024150 0.021674 0.022083 0.022682 0.024064 0.024890 0.024678 0.025452 0.030752 66

57 0.044624 0.031588 0.025414 0.023488 0.023853 0.023893 0.025440 0.025557 0.025175 0.028576 0.033119 67

58 0.045169 0.031710 0.025855 0.024469 0.025429 0.025800 0.027225 0.025607 0.028621 0.031484 0.034762 68

59 0.046707 0.033097 0.027347 0.026324 0.026622 0.025906 0.024587 0.029290 0.032241 0.033679 0.037479 69

60 0.048541 0.034897 0.029099 0.026964 0.027278 0.024576 0.030388 0.029313 0.032648 0.034662 0.039671 70

61 0.058022 0.040148 0.032903 0.029707 0.026882 0.031439 0.032721 0.033417 0.035367 0.036805 0.042047 71

62 0.060557 0.044179 0.035808 0.031223 0.031906 0.033607 0.034874 0.036768 0.038034 0.040633 0.044776 72

63 0.073565 0.050034 0.040567 0.037834 0.038492 0.036660 0.039457 0.041140 0.043779 0.045797 0.047372 73

64 0.088418 0.053873 0.044822 0.041258 0.040225 0.041586 0.042668 0.045962 0.051512 0.052505 0.051127 74

65 0.098645 0.062360 0.048541 0.043026 0.042607 0.039181 0.040938 0.046000 0.061663 0.059327 0.055270 75

q[ ] x + t
31

Notes:

1. The value at attained age x represents the probability of death within one year for those originally entitled

to disability benefits who have attained that particular age. Experience after NRA reflects workers who

remain on the DI rolls until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who

voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. Results have been blended based on attributes from general population mortality for calendar year 2015.

Values are an extension of the ultimate column of tables 7A and 7B.

Table 7C.—Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older

Probability of Death

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age Male Female

76 0.080425 0.059382

77 0.085531 0.063489

78 0.091585 0.068675

79 0.098383 0.074929

80 0.104788 0.080536

81 0.113110 0.088455

82 0.122062 0.094573

83 0.131697 0.103589

84 0.140430 0.111345

85 0.151890 0.122160

86 0.165777 0.130844

87 0.176875 0.142631

88 0.188397 0.156112

89 0.206651 0.166591

90 0.223252 0.182064

91 0.235073 0.197059

92 0.249318 0.205768

93 0.267740 0.225325

94 0.277033 0.240441

95 0.284003 0.260724

96 0.298740 0.281817

97 0.313086 0.293156

98 0.328740 0.308400

99 0.345177 0.324436

100 0.362436 0.341307

101 0.380558 0.359055

102 0.399586 0.377726

103 0.419565 0.397368

104 0.440543 0.418031

105 0.462571 0.439768

106 0.485699 0.462636

107 0.509984 0.486693

108 0.535483 0.512001

109 0.562257 0.538626

110 0.590370 0.566634
32

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not died and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented using

probabilities from table 7A.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 8C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 8A.—Male Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 99,283 99,129 98,796 98,240 97,859 97,584 97,189 96,707 96,065 95,545 26

17 100,302 99,539 99,146 98,756 98,197 97,790 97,375 96,916 96,465 95,785 95,199 27

18 100,501 99,609 98,964 98,529 97,996 97,478 96,933 96,434 96,033 95,363 94,754 28

19 100,579 99,453 98,647 98,166 97,654 97,031 96,474 96,000 95,566 94,950 94,241 29

20 100,096 98,993 98,077 97,527 96,995 96,410 95,843 95,362 94,886 94,363 93,665 30

21 99,465 98,374 97,472 96,686 96,165 95,665 95,083 94,618 94,165 93,618 93,007 31

22 99,412 98,190 97,307 96,594 96,008 95,415 94,817 94,267 93,675 93,045 92,416 32

23 99,670 98,262 97,155 96,371 95,791 95,142 94,543 93,915 93,175 92,494 91,885 33

24 99,760 98,255 97,072 96,185 95,517 94,787 94,174 93,444 92,703 92,036 91,277 34

25 100,544 98,613 97,184 96,153 95,317 94,493 93,705 92,933 92,185 91,348 90,586 35

26 100,931 98,813 97,240 96,145 95,276 94,324 93,378 92,498 91,629 90,847 89,938 36

27 100,438 98,318 96,749 95,592 94,566 93,578 92,711 91,840 90,940 90,175 89,257 37

28 100,242 97,987 96,421 95,175 94,154 93,206 92,216 91,167 90,253 89,438 88,477 38

29 100,067 97,707 96,147 94,936 93,837 92,881 91,821 90,834 89,793 88,694 87,632 39

30 99,957 97,478 95,672 94,354 93,178 92,157 91,120 90,073 89,026 87,863 86,775 40

31 98,697 96,395 94,609 93,292 92,189 91,134 90,110 89,128 88,091 86,926 85,852 41

32 98,121 95,699 93,920 92,563 91,504 90,369 89,320 88,288 87,078 85,928 84,894 42

33 98,159 95,476 93,519 92,132 90,884 89,786 88,597 87,423 86,206 85,012 83,883 43

34 97,233 94,472 92,598 91,146 89,847 88,648 87,442 86,272 85,118 83,995 82,852 44

35 96,997 94,042 92,152 90,633 89,356 88,072 86,743 85,459 84,295 83,079 81,760 45

36 96,120 93,121 91,168 89,693 88,280 86,978 85,626 84,383 83,144 81,877 80,574 46

37 95,335 92,409 90,387 88,780 87,389 86,112 84,729 83,374 81,993 80,689 79,352 47

38 94,504 91,496 89,443 87,795 86,337 84,992 83,670 82,290 80,959 79,517 78,054 48

39 94,131 90,670 88,509 86,807 85,257 83,916 82,452 81,086 79,664 78,191 76,718 49

40 92,748 89,399 87,266 85,671 84,121 82,728 81,356 79,877 78,348 76,891 75,352 50

41 92,393 88,748 86,515 84,782 83,231 81,729 80,132 78,512 76,991 75,447 73,866 51

42 91,912 88,048 85,555 83,727 82,006 80,446 78,739 77,156 75,607 73,997 72,348 52

43 91,133 87,151 84,609 82,681 80,934 79,275 77,613 75,957 74,227 72,532 70,759 53

44 89,740 85,873 83,219 81,226 79,421 77,706 76,013 74,243 72,608 70,921 69,096 54

45 88,887 84,699 81,977 79,878 78,046 76,260 74,564 72,810 71,014 69,205 67,411 55

46 88,594 84,089 81,233 79,091 77,066 75,197 73,346 71,466 69,611 67,663 65,678 56

47 87,629 82,642 79,756 77,486 75,427 73,475 71,529 69,652 67,765 65,843 63,834 57

48 87,364 82,040 78,725 76,291 74,109 72,067 70,056 67,988 66,057 64,006 61,962 58

49 85,424 80,087 76,809 74,424 72,269 70,293 68,299 66,219 64,160 62,114 60,025 59

50 78,815 75,453 73,110 71,202 69,365 67,568 65,719 63,876 61,950 60,063 58,051 60

51 79,174 74,840 72,063 69,910 67,948 65,936 63,953 62,040 60,068 58,000 56,019 61

52 77,920 73,381 70,488 68,250 66,257 64,235 62,207 60,212 58,157 56,082 53,994 62

53 76,749 71,799 68,798 66,486 64,363 62,282 60,224 58,115 56,085 54,008 51,972 63

54 74,373 69,567 66,590 64,312 62,156 60,141 58,031 55,993 53,944 51,905 49,917 64

55 67,964 64,753 62,553 60,677 58,860 57,100 55,282 53,448 51,553 49,730 47,884 65

56 67,715 63,833 61,281 59,239 57,283 55,428 53,446 51,562 49,614 47,752 46,058 66

57 65,507 61,619 59,049 57,061 55,149 53,280 51,318 49,416 47,573 45,931 43,983 67

58 63,306 59,402 56,914 54,875 52,976 51,127 49,253 47,367 45,741 43,892 41,894 68

59 60,885 57,069 54,654 52,681 50,825 49,030 47,204 45,555 43,696 41,809 39,812 69

60 58,120 54,538 52,181 50,296 48,538 46,825 45,228 43,403 41,550 39,633 37,702 70

61 56,877 52,869 50,357 48,395 46,615 45,010 43,215 41,360 39,495 37,543 35,594 71

62 55,289 51,238 48,704 46,734 44,947 43,144 41,257 39,362 37,437 35,442 33,482 72

63 55,251 50,482 47,553 45,391 43,391 41,420 39,436 37,334 35,387 33,340 31,386 73

64 55,094 49,433 46,363 43,996 41,818 39,689 37,597 35,430 33,385 31,369 29,279 74

65 52,983 47,077 43,977 41,528 39,446 37,421 35,323 33,313 31,336 29,355 27,187 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
33

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not died and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented using

probabilities from table 7B. 

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 8C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 8B.—Female Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 99,610 98,374 97,398 96,605 96,270 95,649 95,136 94,772 94,303 93,951 26

17 99,462 98,933 97,870 97,024 96,224 95,852 95,214 94,712 94,313 93,860 93,397 27

18 98,852 98,181 97,332 96,622 95,853 95,434 94,818 94,347 93,921 93,422 92,856 28

19 98,418 97,567 96,864 96,250 95,539 95,114 94,562 94,039 93,617 93,007 92,363 29

20 97,706 96,663 96,027 95,441 94,925 94,426 94,024 93,495 93,031 92,496 91,917 30

21 97,639 96,514 95,755 95,137 94,557 94,002 93,573 92,982 92,495 91,972 91,402 31

22 97,453 96,242 95,307 94,614 93,982 93,516 93,034 92,423 91,972 91,448 90,901 32

23 97,376 96,093 95,052 94,300 93,638 93,168 92,670 92,029 91,568 90,872 90,339 33

24 97,168 95,818 94,736 93,986 93,363 92,799 92,231 91,583 90,956 90,336 89,782 34

25 97,391 95,713 94,659 93,902 93,120 92,470 91,794 91,176 90,466 89,732 89,174 35

26 97,555 95,830 94,535 93,604 92,781 92,118 91,391 90,659 89,926 89,149 88,510 36

27 97,514 95,619 94,192 93,127 92,354 91,623 90,829 90,151 89,386 88,602 87,928 37

28 97,424 95,412 93,911 92,906 92,058 91,264 90,514 89,704 88,836 88,004 87,264 38

29 96,706 94,734 93,295 92,255 91,337 90,428 89,595 88,884 88,051 87,270 86,526 39

30 95,931 93,934 92,533 91,428 90,453 89,584 88,778 88,060 87,299 86,531 85,790 40

31 95,669 93,501 92,030 90,976 90,033 89,100 88,284 87,454 86,593 85,803 85,016 41

32 95,100 92,854 91,205 90,066 89,218 88,278 87,467 86,682 85,806 84,941 84,195 42

33 94,359 92,174 90,497 89,383 88,398 87,510 86,690 85,914 85,014 84,223 83,366 43

34 93,932 91,615 89,991 88,888 87,883 86,983 86,120 85,198 84,238 83,436 82,558 44

35 93,814 91,275 89,548 88,330 87,308 86,378 85,422 84,484 83,544 82,630 81,693 45

36 93,097 90,580 88,724 87,469 86,447 85,524 84,583 83,643 82,596 81,708 80,761 46

37 92,360 89,757 87,892 86,706 85,518 84,517 83,511 82,607 81,650 80,730 79,776 47

38 91,612 88,989 87,112 85,737 84,614 83,578 82,677 81,684 80,716 79,773 78,762 48

39 91,074 88,412 86,594 85,094 83,973 82,929 81,966 80,861 79,809 78,712 77,706 49

40 90,477 87,736 85,708 84,226 82,987 81,885 80,840 79,757 78,740 77,727 76,628 50

41 89,747 86,841 84,859 83,380 82,141 81,013 79,932 78,816 77,722 76,640 75,534 51

42 88,788 85,769 83,713 82,269 81,013 79,881 78,779 77,713 76,672 75,501 74,357 52

43 87,939 84,894 82,733 81,317 80,041 78,880 77,743 76,646 75,499 74,331 73,195 53

44 87,946 84,560 82,350 80,717 79,325 78,113 76,902 75,692 74,437 73,210 71,961 54

45 86,292 83,029 80,885 79,351 78,043 76,782 75,505 74,226 72,974 71,809 70,643 55

46 85,626 82,233 79,999 78,371 77,007 75,684 74,387 73,105 71,814 70,608 69,366 56

47 84,923 81,403 79,069 77,383 75,868 74,439 73,199 71,961 70,653 69,361 68,013 57

48 84,419 80,600 78,009 76,206 74,670 73,286 71,999 70,700 69,329 67,988 66,609 58

49 83,133 79,207 76,649 74,820 73,268 71,921 70,584 69,265 67,860 66,530 65,206 59

50 78,112 75,665 73,992 72,585 71,299 70,089 68,825 67,595 66,324 65,056 63,765 60

51 78,964 75,617 73,504 71,881 70,500 69,197 67,916 66,482 65,167 63,770 62,295 61

52 77,567 74,197 71,971 70,422 68,949 67,598 66,275 64,930 63,618 62,270 60,796 62

53 76,927 73,403 71,132 69,411 67,914 66,488 65,030 63,574 62,165 60,721 59,249 63

54 75,736 72,211 69,890 68,087 66,583 65,092 63,632 62,164 60,655 59,161 57,652 64

55 71,174 68,749 67,028 65,603 64,293 62,961 61,666 60,301 58,908 57,475 56,023 65

56 71,186 68,098 66,136 64,539 63,140 61,746 60,345 58,893 57,427 56,010 54,584 66

57 70,122 66,993 64,877 63,228 61,743 60,270 58,830 57,333 55,868 54,462 52,905 67

58 68,766 65,660 63,578 61,934 60,419 58,883 57,364 55,802 54,373 52,817 51,153 68

59 67,372 64,225 62,099 60,401 58,811 57,245 55,762 54,391 52,798 51,096 49,375 69

60 65,693 62,504 60,323 58,568 56,989 55,434 54,072 52,429 50,892 49,230 47,524 70

61 65,699 61,887 59,402 57,447 55,740 54,242 52,537 50,818 49,120 47,383 45,639 71

62 64,940 61,007 58,312 56,224 54,469 52,731 50,959 49,182 47,374 45,572 43,720 72

63 66,037 61,179 58,118 55,760 53,650 51,585 49,694 47,733 45,769 43,765 41,762 73

64 66,714 60,815 57,539 54,960 52,692 50,572 48,469 46,401 44,268 41,988 39,784 74

65 66,034 59,520 55,808 53,099 50,814 48,649 46,743 44,829 42,767 40,130 37,750 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
34

Notes:

1. The value at attained age x represents the number of lives remaining from those originally entitled to

disability benefits who have attained that particular age. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain

on the DI rolls until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily

switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. Lives are decremented using probabilities from table 7C. Values are an extension of the ultimate column

of tables 8A and 8B.

Table 8C.—Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older

Benefit Continuance Table (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age Male Female

76 25,146 35,664

77 23,124 33,546

78 21,146 31,416

79 19,209 29,258

80 17,319 27,066

81 15,504 24,886

82 13,750 22,685

83 12,072 20,540

84 10,482 18,412

85 9,010 16,362

86 7,641 14,363

87 6,374 12,484

88 5,247 10,703

89 4,258 9,032

90 3,378 7,527

91 2,624 6,157

92 2,007 4,944

93 1,507 3,927

94 1,104 3,042

95 798 2,311

96 571 1,708

97 400 1,227

98 275 867

99 185 600

100 121 405

101 77 267

102 48 171

103 29 106

104 17 64

105 10 37

106 5 21

107 3 11

108 1 6

109 0 3

110 0 1
35

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the combined DI and OASI rolls for those originally

entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have not died as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from tables 8A and 8C.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 9C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 9A.—Male Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on Combined DI and OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 46.07 45.40 44.47 43.62 42.87 42.03 41.15 40.31 39.51 38.77 37.98 26

17 44.98 44.32 43.49 42.66 41.90 41.07 40.25 39.43 38.62 37.89 37.12 27

18 43.91 43.30 42.58 41.77 40.99 40.21 39.43 38.63 37.79 37.05 36.29 28

19 42.90 42.38 41.73 40.93 40.14 39.40 38.62 37.81 36.98 36.21 35.48 29

20 42.11 41.58 40.96 40.19 39.41 38.64 37.87 37.06 36.24 35.44 34.70 30

21 41.37 40.82 40.20 39.52 38.73 37.93 37.16 36.34 35.51 34.72 33.94 31

22 40.43 39.93 39.28 38.57 37.80 37.03 36.27 35.47 34.69 33.93 33.15 32

23 39.37 38.93 38.37 37.68 36.90 36.15 35.38 34.61 33.88 33.13 32.34 33

24 38.39 37.97 37.43 36.77 36.02 35.30 34.52 33.79 33.05 32.29 31.55 34

25 37.17 36.88 36.42 35.80 35.11 34.42 33.70 32.98 32.24 31.53 30.79 35

26 36.11 35.87 35.45 34.84 34.16 33.50 32.83 32.14 31.44 30.70 30.01 36

27 35.33 35.08 34.64 34.06 33.42 32.77 32.07 31.37 30.68 29.93 29.24 37

28 34.47 34.25 33.80 33.23 32.59 31.91 31.25 30.60 29.91 29.18 28.49 38

29 33.61 33.41 32.94 32.36 31.73 31.05 30.40 29.73 29.07 28.42 27.76 39

30 32.71 32.53 32.13 31.58 30.97 30.31 29.64 28.98 28.32 27.69 27.03 40

31 32.15 31.91 31.50 30.94 30.30 29.65 28.98 28.29 27.62 26.98 26.31 41

32 31.39 31.17 30.75 30.19 29.54 28.90 28.24 27.56 26.94 26.29 25.60 42

33 30.45 30.30 29.92 29.36 28.76 28.10 27.47 26.84 26.21 25.57 24.91 43

34 29.78 29.63 29.22 28.68 28.09 27.46 26.83 26.19 25.54 24.87 24.21 44

35 28.94 28.83 28.41 27.88 27.27 26.66 26.06 25.45 24.79 24.15 23.53 45

36 28.25 28.14 27.73 27.18 26.61 26.00 25.40 24.77 24.13 23.49 22.87 46

37 27.54 27.40 27.00 26.48 25.89 25.27 24.67 24.07 23.46 22.83 22.21 47

38 26.84 26.71 26.31 25.79 25.22 24.61 23.99 23.39 22.76 22.17 21.57 48

39 26.01 25.98 25.61 25.10 24.55 23.93 23.35 22.73 22.13 21.53 20.94 49

40 25.45 25.38 24.99 24.44 23.89 23.28 22.66 22.07 21.49 20.89 20.31 50

41 24.62 24.61 24.24 23.72 23.15 22.57 22.01 21.45 20.87 20.28 19.71 51

42 23.83 23.85 23.53 23.03 22.51 21.93 21.40 20.83 20.24 19.67 19.11 52

43 23.12 23.15 22.83 22.35 21.83 21.27 20.72 20.16 19.62 19.06 18.53 53

44 22.53 22.52 22.22 21.76 21.24 20.70 20.15 19.62 19.05 18.49 17.96 54

45 21.82 21.87 21.58 21.14 20.62 20.09 19.54 19.00 18.47 17.93 17.40 55

46 21.02 21.12 20.84 20.39 19.92 19.40 18.88 18.36 17.84 17.34 16.84 56

47 20.32 20.52 20.24 19.82 19.35 18.85 18.35 17.83 17.31 16.80 16.32 57

48 19.51 19.75 19.56 19.16 18.71 18.23 17.74 17.26 16.75 16.27 15.79 58

49 19.02 19.26 19.06 18.65 18.19 17.69 17.19 16.72 16.24 15.76 15.29 59

50 19.48 19.33 18.93 18.42 17.90 17.36 16.84 16.31 15.80 15.28 14.79 60

51 18.49 18.53 18.23 17.77 17.27 16.78 16.29 15.78 15.28 14.80 14.31 61

52 17.86 17.94 17.65 17.21 16.72 16.23 15.74 15.24 14.77 14.29 13.83 62

53 17.20 17.35 17.09 16.66 16.20 15.72 15.24 14.78 14.29 13.82 13.35 63

54 16.77 16.90 16.63 16.20 15.75 15.26 14.79 14.31 13.84 13.36 12.87 64

55 17.15 16.98 16.56 16.05 15.53 15.00 14.47 13.95 13.45 12.92 12.40 65

56 16.29 16.25 15.91 15.44 14.95 14.43 13.95 13.44 12.95 12.43 11.87 66

57 15.83 15.80 15.46 14.98 14.49 13.98 13.49 12.99 12.48 11.90 11.41 67

58 15.37 15.35 15.00 14.53 14.04 13.53 13.02 12.52 11.95 11.43 10.95 68

59 14.96 14.93 14.56 14.09 13.59 13.07 12.55 11.99 11.48 10.97 10.50 69

60 14.61 14.54 14.17 13.69 13.16 12.63 12.06 11.54 11.03 10.54 10.06 70

61 13.95 13.97 13.65 13.18 12.66 12.10 11.58 11.08 10.58 10.10 9.62 71

62 13.40 13.42 13.09 12.62 12.10 11.59 11.09 10.60 10.12 9.66 9.20 72

63 12.54 12.67 12.42 11.99 11.52 11.05 10.58 10.14 9.67 9.24 8.78 73

64 11.74 12.02 11.78 11.39 10.96 10.52 10.08 9.66 9.22 8.79 8.38 74

65 11.25 11.60 11.38 11.02 10.57 10.12 9.69 9.24 8.80 8.36 7.98 75

e[ ] x + t
36

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the combined DI and OASI rolls for those originally

entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have not died as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from tables 8B and 8C.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 9C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 9B.—Female Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on Combined DI and OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 48.79 47.98 47.58 47.05 46.43 45.59 44.89 44.13 43.29 42.51 41.66 26

17 48.07 47.32 46.83 46.24 45.62 44.79 44.09 43.32 42.50 41.70 40.91 27

18 47.38 46.70 46.10 45.43 44.80 43.99 43.27 42.49 41.68 40.90 40.14 28

19 46.61 46.01 45.34 44.62 43.95 43.15 42.40 41.63 40.81 40.08 39.35 29

20 45.93 45.42 44.72 43.99 43.23 42.46 41.64 40.87 40.07 39.30 38.54 30

21 44.99 44.51 43.86 43.14 42.40 41.65 40.83 40.09 39.30 38.52 37.76 31

22 44.09 43.64 43.06 42.37 41.65 40.86 40.07 39.33 38.52 37.74 36.96 32

23 43.16 42.73 42.19 41.52 40.81 40.02 39.23 38.50 37.69 36.97 36.19 33

24 42.28 41.87 41.34 40.67 39.94 39.18 38.42 37.68 36.94 36.19 35.41 34

25 41.24 40.95 40.40 39.72 39.05 38.32 37.60 36.85 36.14 35.43 34.65 35

26 40.22 39.94 39.48 38.87 38.21 37.48 36.77 36.06 35.35 34.66 33.90 36

27 39.29 39.06 38.64 38.08 37.39 36.69 36.00 35.27 34.57 33.87 33.13 37

28 38.39 38.19 37.79 37.19 36.53 35.85 35.14 34.45 33.78 33.10 32.37 38

29 37.70 37.47 37.04 36.45 35.82 35.17 34.49 33.77 33.08 32.37 31.65 39

30 37.02 36.80 36.35 35.78 35.16 34.50 33.81 33.08 32.36 31.64 30.91 40

31 36.17 36.00 35.57 34.98 34.34 33.69 33.00 32.31 31.62 30.91 30.19 41

32 35.42 35.26 34.89 34.33 33.65 33.00 32.30 31.59 30.91 30.22 29.48 42

33 34.73 34.54 34.17 33.59 32.96 32.29 31.59 30.87 30.19 29.47 28.77 43

34 33.94 33.78 33.38 32.79 32.16 31.49 30.80 30.13 29.47 28.74 28.04 44

35 33.04 32.95 32.57 32.02 31.38 30.72 30.06 29.38 28.71 28.02 27.34 45

36 32.33 32.22 31.88 31.33 30.70 30.02 29.35 28.67 28.03 27.33 26.65 46

37 31.62 31.52 31.18 30.60 30.02 29.37 28.72 28.03 27.35 26.66 25.97 47

38 30.92 30.81 30.47 29.95 29.34 28.70 28.00 27.34 26.66 25.97 25.30 48

39 30.16 30.05 29.67 29.19 28.57 27.93 27.25 26.61 25.96 25.31 24.63 49

40 29.40 29.30 28.99 28.49 27.90 27.27 26.62 25.97 25.30 24.63 23.97 50

41 28.69 28.63 28.29 27.78 27.20 26.57 25.92 25.28 24.63 23.97 23.31 51

42 28.03 28.00 27.68 27.15 26.57 25.94 25.29 24.63 23.96 23.32 22.67 52

43 27.35 27.31 27.01 26.47 25.89 25.26 24.62 23.97 23.32 22.68 22.03 53

44 26.44 26.47 26.17 25.69 25.13 24.51 23.89 23.27 22.65 22.02 21.40 54

45 25.95 25.95 25.63 25.11 24.52 23.92 23.31 22.71 22.09 21.44 20.78 55

46 25.21 25.23 24.92 24.43 23.86 23.26 22.66 22.05 21.44 20.79 20.16 56

47 24.49 24.52 24.23 23.75 23.21 22.65 22.02 21.40 20.78 20.16 19.55 57

48 23.70 23.80 23.57 23.12 22.58 22.00 21.38 20.77 20.17 19.56 18.95 58

49 23.10 23.22 22.98 22.53 22.00 21.40 20.80 20.18 19.59 18.97 18.35 59

50 23.48 23.23 22.74 22.17 21.56 20.93 20.30 19.66 19.03 18.39 17.75 60

51 22.33 22.30 21.93 21.41 20.82 20.20 19.57 18.99 18.36 17.75 17.16 61

52 21.75 21.71 21.37 20.83 20.26 19.65 19.04 18.42 17.79 17.17 16.57 62

53 21.00 20.98 20.63 20.13 19.57 18.98 18.39 17.80 17.19 16.59 15.99 63

54 20.37 20.34 20.00 19.52 18.95 18.37 17.78 17.19 16.61 16.01 15.42 64

55 20.55 20.26 19.76 19.18 18.56 17.95 17.31 16.69 16.08 15.46 14.85 65

56 19.61 19.48 19.04 18.50 17.90 17.29 16.68 16.08 15.48 14.85 14.23 66

57 18.94 18.80 18.40 17.86 17.28 16.69 16.09 15.50 14.89 14.26 13.67 67

58 18.35 18.19 17.77 17.23 16.65 16.07 15.48 14.90 14.28 13.69 13.12 68

59 17.75 17.60 17.18 16.65 16.09 15.51 14.91 14.28 13.69 13.13 12.57 69

60 17.19 17.04 16.64 16.12 15.56 14.98 14.34 13.78 13.18 12.61 12.04 70

61 16.28 16.26 15.92 15.44 14.90 14.30 13.74 13.19 12.63 12.08 11.52 71

62 15.57 15.54 15.24 14.78 14.24 13.70 13.16 12.61 12.08 11.53 11.00 72

63 14.53 14.64 14.39 13.97 13.50 13.02 12.50 11.99 11.49 10.99 10.49 73

64 13.62 13.89 13.65 13.27 12.82 12.33 11.85 11.35 10.88 10.44 9.99 74

65 12.92 13.28 13.13 12.77 12.32 11.85 11.31 10.77 10.27 9.91 9.50 75

e[ ] x + t
37

Notes:

1. The value at attained age x represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the

OASI rolls for those originally entitled to disability benefits who have attained that particular age.

Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls until NRA and then convert to the OASI

rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. Values are based on continuance experience from table 8C and are an extension of the ultimate column of

tables 9A and 9B.

Table 9C.—Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older

Expected Future Time on the OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age Male Female

76 7.59 9.03

77 7.21 8.57

78 6.84 8.11

79 6.48 7.68

80 6.13 7.26

81 5.79 6.85

82 5.46 6.46

83 5.15 6.09

84 4.86 5.73

85 4.57 5.39

86 4.30 5.07

87 4.06 4.76

88 3.82 4.46

89 3.59 4.20

90 3.40 3.94

91 3.23 3.70

92 3.07 3.49

93 2.92 3.26

94 2.80 3.07

95 2.68 2.88

96 2.55 2.72

97 2.43 2.59

98 2.30 2.45

99 2.18 2.32

100 2.07 2.20

101 1.97 2.07

102 1.85 1.96

103 1.74 1.85

104 1.62 1.73

105 1.40 1.64

106 1.30 1.50

107 0.83 1.41

108 0.50 1.17

109 0.00 0.83

110 0.00 0.50
38

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the number of deaths per thousand during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not died as of attained age [x]+t. Rates are derived from death probabilities shown in table 7A and recovery probabilities shown

in table 14A. See appendix for details.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 10C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 10A.—Male Disabled Workers

Absolute Death Rate Per Thousand Entitled

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 7.201 1.557 3.391 5.676 3.996 2.950 4.217 5.159 6.902 5.583 3.718 26

17 7.634 3.974 3.956 5.701 4.273 4.435 4.894 4.828 7.299 6.261 4.786 27

18 8.904 6.501 4.412 5.451 5.443 5.813 5.324 4.288 7.174 6.524 5.514 28

19 11.226 8.130 4.896 5.255 6.542 5.926 5.050 4.634 6.587 7.606 6.202 29

20 11.043 9.286 5.630 5.494 6.161 6.043 5.133 5.094 5.602 7.512 7.114 30

21 10.992 9.202 8.087 5.423 5.300 6.222 4.985 4.874 5.897 6.603 6.419 31

22 12.324 9.028 7.354 6.107 6.272 6.396 5.898 6.379 6.815 6.841 5.799 32

23 14.165 11.332 8.105 6.061 6.883 6.405 6.751 7.991 7.399 6.645 6.667 33

24 15.128 12.117 9.172 6.992 7.763 6.580 7.869 8.042 7.281 8.318 7.621 34

25 19.267 14.577 10.645 8.758 8.776 8.475 8.355 8.152 9.185 8.445 7.197 35

26 21.058 16.021 11.303 9.098 10.137 10.183 9.561 9.520 8.629 10.107 7.627 36

27 21.192 16.068 12.010 10.798 10.603 9.407 9.519 9.918 8.501 10.258 8.796 37

28 22.583 16.098 12.980 10.794 10.203 10.762 11.528 10.132 9.129 10.833 9.605 38

29 23.675 16.085 12.641 11.659 10.319 11.565 10.877 11.585 12.353 12.072 9.834 39

30 24.894 18.656 13.829 12.546 11.089 11.388 11.625 11.754 13.174 12.500 10.695 40

31 23.422 18.679 13.967 11.893 11.580 11.358 11.019 11.750 13.329 12.444 11.205 41

32 24.784 18.739 14.509 11.504 12.542 11.738 11.673 13.822 13.309 12.138 11.963 42

33 27.454 20.668 14.891 13.618 12.213 13.383 13.377 14.033 13.951 13.378 12.337 43

34 28.537 20.007 15.745 14.327 13.486 13.732 13.497 13.478 13.291 13.671 13.223 44

35 30.616 20.265 16.550 14.159 14.509 15.216 14.919 13.718 14.520 15.964 14.560 45

36 31.342 21.164 16.243 15.836 14.885 15.665 14.630 14.782 15.321 15.990 15.218 46

37 30.831 22.065 17.847 15.741 14.734 16.185 16.111 16.656 15.994 16.639 16.403 47

38 31.975 22.632 18.497 16.678 15.695 15.667 16.594 16.268 17.906 18.457 17.160 48

39 36.926 24.037 19.293 17.922 15.842 17.562 16.661 17.631 18.574 18.916 17.846 49

40 36.262 24.063 18.334 18.169 16.675 16.689 18.271 19.239 18.671 20.091 19.766 50

41 39.600 25.358 20.097 18.363 18.158 19.664 20.322 19.449 20.126 21.014 20.594 51

42 42.215 28.525 21.442 20.625 19.130 21.324 20.198 20.150 21.361 22.350 22.001 52

43 43.861 29.368 22.856 21.205 20.602 21.058 21.414 22.856 22.895 24.507 23.543 53

44 43.240 31.119 24.016 22.289 21.709 21.874 23.358 22.076 23.291 25.801 24.416 54

45 47.297 32.358 25.669 22.998 22.985 22.326 23.592 24.732 25.531 25.970 25.731 55

46 51.043 34.204 26.425 25.664 24.356 24.691 25.699 26.022 28.028 29.399 28.110 56

47 57.107 35.125 28.511 26.627 25.979 26.565 26.309 27.148 28.408 30.557 29.352 57

48 61.138 40.601 30.962 28.672 27.650 27.976 29.588 28.454 31.090 31.971 31.278 58

49 62.621 41.091 31.101 29.015 27.447 28.441 30.514 31.138 31.932 33.677 32.918 59

50 42.723 31.127 26.127 25.831 25.968 27.421 28.081 30.185 30.489 33.546 35.023 60

51 54.840 37.202 29.900 28.104 29.684 30.134 29.953 31.825 34.461 34.205 36.161 61

52 58.349 39.529 31.781 29.234 30.602 31.623 32.117 34.170 35.718 37.233 37.471 62

53 64.589 41.874 33.630 31.963 32.414 33.096 35.062 34.972 37.053 37.721 39.553 63

54 64.680 42.850 34.230 33.552 32.493 35.145 35.160 36.627 37.816 38.325 40.748 64

55 47.273 33.997 29.998 29.961 29.964 31.890 33.214 35.485 35.370 37.142 38.132 65

56 57.360 40.015 33.334 33.035 32.447 35.799 35.273 37.795 37.540 35.505 45.059 66

57 59.391 41.737 33.672 33.524 33.950 36.862 37.086 37.311 34.527 42.421 47.487 67

58 61.706 41.907 35.836 34.626 34.967 36.686 38.308 34.329 40.418 45.527 49.702 68

59 62.706 42.349 36.101 35.253 35.367 37.270 34.945 40.803 43.175 47.763 53.008 69

60 61.663 43.227 36.128 34.963 35.319 34.113 40.359 42.692 46.129 48.749 55.901 70

61 70.493 47.518 38.962 36.803 34.456 39.888 42.919 45.085 49.417 51.915 59.338 71

62 73.276 49.465 40.461 38.245 40.118 43.727 45.933 48.901 53.295 55.304 62.607 72

63 86.333 58.028 45.473 44.064 45.420 47.896 53.293 52.163 57.833 58.613 67.118 73

64 102.759 62.109 51.048 49.513 50.920 52.707 57.641 57.725 60.401 66.597 71.461 74

65 111.477 65.839 55.680 50.139 51.346 56.072 56.916 59.350 63.215 73.825 75.068 75

q ′

[ ] x + t
39

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the number of deaths per thousand during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not died as of attained age [x]+t. Rates are derived from death probabilities shown in table 7B and recovery probabilities shown

in table 14B. See appendix for details.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 10C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 10B.—Female Disabled Workers

Absolute Death Rate Per Thousand Entitled

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 3.928 12.544 9.999 8.173 3.545 6.738 5.558 3.970 5.088 3.834 6.028 26

17 5.343 10.831 8.693 8.290 3.957 6.902 5.450 4.354 4.933 5.076 5.917 27

18 6.819 8.701 7.326 8.017 4.479 6.655 5.122 4.642 5.450 6.185 5.404 28

19 8.670 7.235 6.369 7.449 4.549 5.952 5.671 4.593 6.658 7.052 4.907 29

20 10.702 6.613 6.126 5.447 5.359 4.349 5.740 5.059 5.845 6.357 5.677 30

21 11.540 7.903 6.483 6.141 5.969 4.653 6.443 5.323 5.739 6.272 5.546 31

22 12.452 9.767 7.303 6.728 5.034 5.245 6.680 4.948 5.766 6.048 6.235 32

23 13.211 10.891 7.936 7.071 5.094 5.432 7.028 5.071 7.682 5.935 6.221 33

24 13.942 11.369 7.946 6.680 6.129 6.214 7.128 6.927 6.883 6.198 6.825 34

25 17.294 11.082 8.026 8.390 7.082 7.411 6.830 7.882 8.202 6.290 7.505 35

26 17.749 13.609 9.887 8.852 7.245 7.997 8.114 8.182 8.731 7.261 6.626 36

27 19.495 15.029 11.354 8.360 8.018 8.774 7.550 8.588 8.854 7.691 7.605 37

28 20.729 15.839 10.748 9.188 8.722 8.325 9.053 9.774 9.468 8.481 8.517 38

29 20.473 15.282 11.189 10.011 10.069 9.326 8.027 9.468 8.950 8.597 8.563 39

30 20.898 15.026 11.983 10.724 9.710 9.096 8.170 8.731 8.876 8.638 9.077 40

31 22.740 15.845 11.488 10.418 10.466 9.256 9.493 9.934 9.212 9.250 9.705 41

32 23.699 17.887 12.524 9.462 10.628 9.280 9.062 10.197 10.170 8.859 9.902 42

33 23.229 18.329 12.353 11.079 10.137 9.459 9.030 10.563 9.373 10.260 9.744 43

34 24.739 17.844 12.296 11.359 10.329 10.010 10.796 11.351 9.583 10.615 10.525 44

35 27.152 19.048 13.645 11.626 10.742 11.155 11.063 11.192 11.009 11.420 11.451 45

36 27.142 20.639 14.193 11.732 10.758 11.095 11.194 12.603 10.819 11.650 12.243 46

37 28.296 20.919 13.542 13.756 11.798 11.985 10.896 11.657 11.334 11.885 12.755 47

38 28.732 21.232 15.824 13.151 12.334 10.844 12.081 11.915 11.744 12.741 13.451 48

39 29.336 20.697 17.369 13.219 12.522 11.687 13.562 13.072 13.812 12.828 13.910 49

40 30.386 23.264 17.340 14.760 13.371 12.833 13.470 12.807 12.922 14.197 14.305 50

41 32.481 22.973 17.481 14.908 13.819 13.412 14.040 13.940 13.968 14.478 15.620 51

42 34.122 24.119 17.296 15.313 14.064 13.863 13.591 13.445 15.317 15.183 15.662 52

43 34.744 25.614 17.153 15.743 14.582 14.478 14.169 15.019 15.518 15.306 16.891 53

44 38.624 26.287 19.878 17.285 15.362 15.561 15.786 16.637 16.517 17.107 18.337 54

45 37.918 25.949 19.003 16.532 16.232 16.685 16.983 16.912 15.999 16.273 18.096 55

46 39.742 27.315 20.387 17.440 17.248 17.192 17.284 17.702 16.833 17.617 19.530 56

47 41.562 28.817 21.370 19.611 18.908 16.702 16.961 18.209 18.316 19.478 20.660 57

48 45.361 32.279 23.154 20.194 18.600 17.609 18.078 19.421 19.370 20.321 21.080 58

49 47.330 32.413 23.895 20.782 18.439 18.641 18.726 20.323 19.624 19.915 22.124 59

50 31.369 22.157 19.035 17.738 17.011 18.067 17.905 18.831 19.137 19.856 23.067 60

51 42.455 28.028 22.102 19.243 18.523 18.548 21.145 19.809 21.462 23.126 24.073 61

52 43.501 30.070 21.545 20.939 19.644 19.609 20.316 20.229 21.212 23.674 25.454 62

53 45.874 31.004 24.209 21.595 21.044 21.960 22.411 22.192 23.239 24.253 26.966 63

54 46.585 32.195 25.810 22.108 22.449 22.464 23.094 24.295 24.651 25.515 28.272 64

55 34.094 25.066 21.264 19.984 20.762 20.601 22.154 23.128 24.339 25.245 25.687 65

56 43.408 28.839 24.156 21.692 22.125 22.705 24.085 24.904 24.686 25.458 30.752 66

57 44.648 31.616 25.421 23.507 23.889 23.914 25.458 25.567 25.179 28.576 33.119 67

58 45.192 31.733 25.861 24.483 25.465 25.824 27.240 25.613 28.621 31.484 34.762 68

59 46.731 33.120 27.351 26.334 26.656 25.922 24.596 29.290 32.241 33.679 37.479 69

60 48.564 34.911 29.100 26.974 27.306 24.589 30.388 29.313 32.648 34.662 39.671 70

61 58.037 40.157 32.904 29.717 26.901 31.439 32.721 33.417 35.367 36.805 42.047 71

62 60.568 44.187 35.810 31.225 31.906 33.607 34.874 36.768 38.034 40.633 44.776 72

63 73.579 50.045 40.567 37.834 38.492 36.660 39.457 41.140 43.779 45.797 47.372 73

64 88.432 53.885 44.822 41.258 40.225 41.586 42.668 45.962 51.512 52.505 51.127 74

65 98.656 62.360 48.541 43.026 42.607 39.181 40.938 46.000 61.663 59.327 55.270 75

q ′

[ ] x + t
40

Notes:

1. The value at attained age x represents the number of deaths per thousand within one year for those

originally entitled to disability benefits who have attained that particular age. Experience after NRA reflects

workers who remain on the DI rolls until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as

workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. Values are derived from death probabilities shown in table 7C and are an extension of the ultimate column

of tables 10A and 10B.

Table 10C.—Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older

Absolute Death Rate Per Thousand Entitled

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age Male Female

76 80.425 59.382

77 85.531 63.489

78 91.585 68.675

79 98.383 74.929

80 104.788 80.536

81 113.110 88.455

82 122.062 94.573

83 131.697 103.589

84 140.430 111.345

85 151.890 122.160

86 165.777 130.844

87 176.875 142.631

88 188.397 156.112

89 206.651 166.591

90 223.252 182.064

91 235.073 197.059

92 249.318 205.768

93 267.740 225.325

94 277.033 240.441

95 284.003 260.724

96 298.740 281.817

97 313.086 293.156

98 328.740 308.400

99 345.177 324.436

100 362.436 341.307

101 380.558 359.055

102 399.586 377.726

103 419.565 397.368

104 440.543 418.031

105 462.571 439.768

106 485.699 462.636

107 509.984 486.693

108 535.483 512.001

109 562.257 538.626

110 590.370 566.634
41

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of death at entl age [x] represents the average probability of termination due to death within one

year for disability beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are based on aggregate

counts of exposure and deaths across all durations, and have been graduated using Whittaker-Henderson

method.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at entl age [x] represents the aggregate expected number of years on the

combined DI and OASI rolls for disability beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are

exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations from tables 9A, 9B, and 9C.

Experience reflects continuing entitlement after NRA.

Table 11.—Disabled Workers 

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Time on Combined

DI and OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery), by Entitlement Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Male Female

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

16 0.014600 31.03 0.008185 36.50

17 0.010620 32.26 0.008591 37.55

18 0.010045 32.00 0.007990 37.19

19 0.011128 31.32 0.008016 36.54

20 0.011090 30.94 0.008443 36.01

21 0.011873 30.17 0.009149 35.14

22 0.012281 29.36 0.009622 34.35

23 0.013914 28.53 0.010318 33.56

24 0.014465 27.72 0.010808 32.83

25 0.016066 26.81 0.011750 32.13

26 0.017398 26.14 0.012692 31.40

27 0.018144 25.51 0.013354 30.73

28 0.019067 24.91 0.013899 30.08

29 0.019972 24.28 0.014187 29.50

30 0.021041 23.68 0.014666 28.90

31 0.020961 23.22 0.014882 28.26

32 0.021831 22.67 0.015435 27.61

33 0.022940 22.12 0.015774 27.06

34 0.023621 21.65 0.016304 26.44

35 0.024666 21.14 0.017183 25.79

36 0.025325 20.75 0.017740 25.21

37 0.026245 20.27 0.018500 24.63

38 0.026754 19.86 0.019220 24.11

39 0.028496 19.46 0.019890 23.53

40 0.029040 19.06 0.020648 23.00

41 0.030360 18.62 0.021544 22.43

42 0.032018 18.17 0.022548 21.90

43 0.033568 17.76 0.023206 21.38

44 0.034618 17.39 0.024668 20.79

45 0.035656 16.96 0.025200 20.35

46 0.037647 16.52 0.026485 19.82

47 0.039397 16.13 0.027901 19.30

48 0.041839 15.63 0.029593 18.73

49 0.043847 15.20 0.030897 18.20

50 0.038766 15.47 0.027293 18.45

51 0.043750 14.75 0.031422 17.50

52 0.045474 14.30 0.032472 17.01

53 0.047990 13.86 0.034385 16.45

54 0.049644 13.42 0.036340 15.90

55 0.044756 13.47 0.033038 15.90

56 0.049919 12.85 0.037162 15.15

57 0.051509 12.45 0.038827 14.64

58 0.053603 12.06 0.040875 14.15

59 0.055431 11.69 0.042567 13.69

60 0.056496 11.29 0.044293 13.25

61 0.060108 10.93 0.047897 12.82

62 0.062451 10.62 0.050738 12.42

63 0.067280 10.36 0.055766 11.98

64 0.072671 10.12 0.061300 11.66

65 0.068358 10.86 0.059346 12.55
42

Notes:

1. Attained age calculated as sum of entitlement age and duration.

2. Probability of death at attained age x represents the average probability of termination due to death within

one year for disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are based on aggregate counts

of exposure and deaths across all durations, and have been graduated using Whittaker-Henderson method. See

table 7C for attained ages beyond age 75.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at attained age x represents the aggregate expected number of years on the

combined DI and OASI rolls for disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are

exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations from tables 9A and 9B. See table 9C

for attained ages beyond age 75. Experience reflects continuing entitlement after NRA.

Table 12.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Time on Combined

DI and OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery), by Attained Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained age

Male Female

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

16 0.012544 46.07 0.004759 48.79

17 0.007102 45.02 0.006541 48.06

18 0.005859 44.01 0.008035 47.37

19 0.009998 43.07 0.008369 46.66

20 0.008926 42.29 0.009224 46.00

21 0.008533 41.55 0.008144 45.25

22 0.008158 40.77 0.008616 44.48

23 0.008970 39.96 0.008127 43.70

24 0.008433 39.15 0.008318 42.91

25 0.008696 38.30 0.008851 42.12

26 0.009211 37.44 0.008002 41.30

27 0.009362 36.61 0.008694 40.46

28 0.009780 35.77 0.009477 39.63

29 0.010049 34.95 0.009664 38.84

30 0.011093 34.14 0.009417 38.06

31 0.011075 33.37 0.009985 37.28

32 0.010931 32.60 0.010524 36.52

33 0.011890 31.81 0.010648 35.77

34 0.012529 31.05 0.011252 35.03

35 0.012418 30.29 0.011450 34.28

36 0.013234 29.52 0.011448 33.54

37 0.013832 28.78 0.012135 32.79

38 0.014457 28.04 0.012579 32.05

39 0.015830 27.31 0.012619 31.33

40 0.016153 26.61 0.013578 30.59

41 0.016859 25.91 0.014243 29.87

42 0.017464 25.20 0.014520 29.18

43 0.018302 24.51 0.014773 28.48

44 0.019127 23.82 0.015630 27.77

45 0.020380 23.15 0.016131 27.08

46 0.021607 22.48 0.016874 26.40

47 0.023407 21.82 0.017547 25.72

48 0.023956 21.18 0.018198 25.04

49 0.025631 20.54 0.019281 24.37

50 0.026384 19.98 0.019413 23.79

51 0.027277 19.41 0.020343 23.16

52 0.028582 18.84 0.020488 22.54

53 0.030164 18.27 0.021316 21.91

54 0.031262 17.72 0.021960 21.29

55 0.031728 17.26 0.021969 20.72

56 0.033067 16.75 0.022897 20.13

57 0.034230 16.27 0.023556 19.52

58 0.035474 15.78 0.024159 18.93

59 0.036790 15.31 0.024958 18.33

60 0.037772 14.85 0.025905 17.73

61 0.039297 14.37 0.027414 17.12

62 0.039954 13.90 0.028394 16.53

63 0.041069 13.42 0.029795 15.94

64 0.042280 12.92 0.030776 15.35

65 0.039144 12.44 0.028230 14.79

66 0.043862 11.93 0.031667 14.21

67 0.046182 11.46 0.033318 13.66

68 0.048624 10.98 0.034728 13.12

69 0.052077 10.52 0.037341 12.57

70 0.055284 10.07 0.039491 12.04

71 0.058951 9.63 0.042134 11.51

72 0.062301 9.20 0.044962 11.00

73 0.067099 8.78 0.047548 10.49

74 0.071469 8.38 0.051148 9.99

75 0.075068 7.98 0.055271 9.50
43

Notes:

1. Duration measured in years since entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of death at duration t represents the average probability of termination due to death during the

(t+1) year of entitlement to benefits. Values are based on aggregate counts of exposure and deaths across all

entitlement ages. Results have been graduated using Whittaker-Henderson method, and blended to reflect

mortality trends established in table 7C.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at duration t represents the aggregate expected number of years on the combined

DI and OASI rolls for disability beneficiaries who have not died after t years. Values are exposure-weighted

averages of expected future times across all ages from tables 9A, 9B, and 9C. Experience reflects continuing

entitlement after NRA.

Table 13.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Time on Combined

DI and OASI Rolls (excluding possibility of recovery), by Duration

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Duration

Male Female

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Probability

of death

Future time on

OASDI rolls

0 0.055222 19.15 0.042163 22.89

1 0.036892 19.46 0.028988 23.16

2 0.029622 19.44 0.022545 23.14

3 0.027861 19.25 0.020074 22.94

4 0.027341 18.96 0.019292 22.61

5 0.028416 18.59 0.019079 22.18

6 0.029153 18.16 0.019766 21.66

7 0.029953 17.68 0.020179 21.12

8 0.031104 17.24 0.020680 20.64

9 0.032428 16.88 0.021371 20.20

10 0.033694 16.56 0.022126 19.75

11 0.034741 16.22 0.022759 19.30

12 0.036164 15.87 0.024203 18.80

13 0.038118 15.48 0.025839 18.27

14 0.039903 15.05 0.027242 17.71

15 0.041928 14.61 0.029291 17.16

16 0.043538 14.22 0.030636 16.66

17 0.045407 13.87 0.032386 16.23

18 0.047237 13.61 0.034149 15.85

19 0.048894 13.40 0.035358 15.52

20 0.050151 13.24 0.037212 15.22

21 0.051165 13.07 0.038743 14.91

22 0.053048 12.89 0.041632 14.57

23 0.056122 12.66 0.044326 14.20

24 0.058162 12.44 0.047644 13.82

25 0.062127 12.22 0.051277 13.41

26 0.063757 12.04 0.055306 13.07

27 0.066424 11.92 0.058503 12.80

28 0.067415 11.86 0.061708 12.61

29 0.069647 11.77 0.064309 12.41

30 0.071196 11.60 0.068659 12.10

31 0.073799 11.37 0.073444 11.69

32 0.076534 11.09 0.077054 11.23

33 0.080011 10.77 0.082177 10.73

34 0.083188 10.45 0.087945 10.24

35 0.083884 10.18 0.092800 9.86

36 0.086948 9.97 0.096485 9.56

37 0.087876 9.76 0.100686 9.27

38 0.089660 9.55 0.102765 9.01

39 0.090183 9.34 0.105438 8.79

40 0.091016 9.15 0.107398 8.58

Disabled Worker Recovery Experience

by Entitlement Age and Duration

(2011-15)
.
47

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of recovery while on the DI rolls—in a multiple-decrement environment—during the (t+1) year of

entitlement for those originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

4. Results have been graduated using the Whittaker-Henderson Type B two-dimensional method.

Table 14A.—Male Disabled Workers

Probability of Recovery Termination

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.007082 0.012704 0.018789 0.015833 0.058788 0.090651 0.077700 0.078069 0.075748 0.059446 0.053852 26

17 0.007068 0.010411 0.012004 0.015496 0.058517 0.083178 0.071661 0.070035 0.067265 0.049071 0.046031 27

18 0.006960 0.007976 0.007108 0.015767 0.056589 0.073667 0.064653 0.060997 0.054541 0.041367 0.037202 28

19 0.005218 0.007095 0.006176 0.015172 0.048728 0.063044 0.054089 0.048638 0.041970 0.036043 0.028970 29

20 0.004646 0.007573 0.006653 0.014518 0.041177 0.052663 0.044685 0.039984 0.033105 0.027892 0.023401 30

21 0.004856 0.007906 0.006574 0.013668 0.036060 0.043136 0.038742 0.033237 0.029200 0.022797 0.019851 31

22 0.005701 0.008833 0.007624 0.014350 0.031764 0.038856 0.033335 0.030151 0.025251 0.019561 0.017784 32

23 0.005546 0.010938 0.007804 0.013800 0.030565 0.034584 0.031230 0.028504 0.023831 0.019878 0.015642 33

24 0.005829 0.012104 0.007014 0.014594 0.030035 0.032660 0.029630 0.026859 0.022697 0.021247 0.014024 34

25 0.006770 0.011725 0.007670 0.014124 0.030627 0.030890 0.027810 0.026301 0.022358 0.022385 0.013048 35

26 0.006925 0.012140 0.007832 0.012956 0.028386 0.030954 0.028629 0.024997 0.021863 0.020253 0.012973 36

27 0.007497 0.013275 0.008080 0.012749 0.028316 0.030112 0.026550 0.022734 0.019623 0.017046 0.012435 37

28 0.008062 0.014109 0.008064 0.012776 0.026379 0.026085 0.025651 0.021531 0.020651 0.016255 0.011603 38

29 0.007775 0.014345 0.007394 0.013409 0.024887 0.026647 0.023678 0.021478 0.017902 0.016978 0.010328 39

30 0.007640 0.013922 0.007446 0.012963 0.023614 0.023688 0.022631 0.021626 0.016420 0.018358 0.010289 40

31 0.007981 0.015690 0.007307 0.011817 0.022803 0.021691 0.020832 0.018861 0.016043 0.015735 0.009262 41

32 0.008136 0.015945 0.007861 0.010900 0.022474 0.021852 0.020335 0.017262 0.016035 0.014707 0.008743 42

33 0.008957 0.016236 0.008496 0.010763 0.022041 0.020530 0.019255 0.016093 0.014626 0.011971 0.007803 43

34 0.009557 0.016952 0.007617 0.010072 0.020067 0.017577 0.016755 0.014683 0.014165 0.012671 0.007173 44

35 0.009399 0.016674 0.007854 0.009077 0.019207 0.017072 0.016134 0.013753 0.012253 0.011409 0.006820 45

36 0.008860 0.017599 0.007405 0.010225 0.017581 0.015573 0.015140 0.012905 0.011393 0.010135 0.006525 46

37 0.008811 0.016887 0.007427 0.009763 0.015594 0.014589 0.013972 0.011166 0.011176 0.009032 0.005684 47

38 0.008766 0.016510 0.007801 0.008987 0.014976 0.013941 0.011935 0.011030 0.010171 0.007900 0.005163 48

39 0.008653 0.017145 0.006415 0.007731 0.013909 0.013662 0.011359 0.010045 0.009094 0.007280 0.004794 49

40 0.008416 0.016998 0.006673 0.008227 0.013403 0.012399 0.010495 0.009431 0.007494 0.007048 0.004355 50

41 0.007605 0.015069 0.006039 0.007351 0.012187 0.011982 0.010347 0.008234 0.007021 0.006477 0.003724 51

42 0.008398 0.014683 0.007016 0.007312 0.010894 0.009767 0.008749 0.007846 0.006411 0.004856 0.003215 52

43 0.007406 0.013150 0.005729 0.006698 0.010527 0.008780 0.007429 0.006731 0.005540 0.004931 0.002977 53

44 0.007008 0.013532 0.005967 0.005527 0.010739 0.007392 0.006565 0.005284 0.004798 0.004102 0.002496 54

45 0.007497 0.013568 0.005364 0.005672 0.009251 0.007276 0.005907 0.004809 0.004433 0.003378 0.002239 55

46 0.007354 0.013726 0.004485 0.004952 0.008121 0.006542 0.005491 0.005062 0.003533 0.002839 0.002004 56

47 0.006546 0.011591 0.003704 0.004300 0.007953 0.006034 0.004750 0.003951 0.003561 0.002747 0.001729 57

48 0.006149 0.009262 0.003112 0.004732 0.007025 0.005322 0.004429 0.003194 0.002776 0.002481 0.001463 58

49 0.004479 0.007816 0.003220 0.004180 0.007337 0.004721 0.003989 0.003111 0.003043 0.002162 0.001414 59

50 0.002840 0.004919 0.002078 0.002615 0.004965 0.003769 0.003011 0.002472 0.002313 0.001519 0.001272 60

51 0.003575 0.005304 0.002011 0.002511 0.005148 0.003958 0.002971 0.002183 0.002013 0.001736 0.001054 61

52 0.003154 0.005002 0.001720 0.002240 0.005265 0.003404 0.002881 0.001974 0.001717 0.001315 0.000930 62

53 0.002750 0.003619 0.001125 0.002069 0.005229 0.002923 0.002625 0.001904 0.001444 0.001147 0.000760 63

54 0.001748 0.002691 0.000984 0.001714 0.004811 0.003077 0.002212 0.002041 0.001267 0.000819 0.000521 64

55 0.001163 0.001688 0.000627 0.001496 0.003789 0.002765 0.002011 0.001479 0.000945 0.000799 0.000223 65

56 0.001215 0.001629 0.000507 0.001434 0.003846 0.002506 0.001503 0.001095 0.000824 0.000245 — 66

57 0.001191 0.001349 0.000655 0.001267 0.003505 0.002086 0.001361 0.000893 0.000383 — — 67

58 0.001021 0.001396 0.000365 0.001182 0.003122 0.001594 0.001065 0.000657 — — — 68

59 0.000818 0.001129 0.000226 0.001114 0.002494 0.001324 0.000449 — — — — 69

60 0.000767 0.000736 0.000077 0.000908 0.002049 0.000892 — — — — — 70

61 0.000523 0.000347 0.000091 0.000807 0.001419 — — — — — — 71

62 0.000348 0.000310 0.000178 0.000358 — — — — — — — 72

63 0.000228 0.000328 0.000096 — — — — — — — — 73

64 0.000257 0.000205 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.000018 — — — — — — — — — — 75

q[ ] x + t
48

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of recovery while on the DI rolls—in a multiple-decrement environment—during the (t+1) year of

entitlement for those originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

4. Results have been graduated using the Whittaker-Henderson Type B two-dimensional method.

Table 14B.—Female Disabled Workers

Probability of Recovery Termination

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.012330 0.022170 0.016170 0.008621 0.044056 0.082650 0.069374 0.069006 0.053709 0.052202 0.042398 26

17 0.010189 0.016760 0.012174 0.010599 0.046140 0.071801 0.064622 0.061836 0.053014 0.048257 0.040639 27

18 0.008058 0.012682 0.009508 0.013157 0.046916 0.059686 0.058027 0.054046 0.051272 0.042102 0.036424 28

19 0.005485 0.009396 0.008634 0.015392 0.044463 0.049559 0.049424 0.044842 0.043041 0.035055 0.029867 29

20 0.004507 0.008738 0.008219 0.016255 0.037553 0.041901 0.040003 0.038333 0.033316 0.029015 0.024884 30

21 0.004053 0.009147 0.007282 0.013513 0.033858 0.038942 0.038117 0.032978 0.028800 0.023558 0.021425 31

22 0.004698 0.009807 0.007409 0.014162 0.030567 0.036117 0.033471 0.026790 0.023694 0.022345 0.018105 32

23 0.005833 0.009908 0.006571 0.014327 0.030018 0.031544 0.030117 0.025720 0.021312 0.020435 0.016896 33

24 0.006236 0.012997 0.006700 0.013928 0.029838 0.028932 0.028541 0.024554 0.020701 0.021469 0.016130 34

25 0.006961 0.012675 0.008245 0.014330 0.029861 0.027339 0.029595 0.024999 0.021291 0.019239 0.016388 35

26 0.007120 0.013504 0.008250 0.013698 0.028583 0.026334 0.026676 0.023552 0.021952 0.021499 0.014967 36

27 0.006734 0.013800 0.007963 0.013839 0.025685 0.024670 0.023386 0.022587 0.019443 0.020849 0.013971 37

28 0.007658 0.013079 0.007817 0.012030 0.022736 0.024745 0.023838 0.019261 0.020868 0.018969 0.012981 38

29 0.007583 0.012568 0.007161 0.011912 0.023386 0.024121 0.021622 0.019444 0.018226 0.018091 0.012478 39

30 0.007411 0.014179 0.007112 0.011206 0.021852 0.022272 0.020794 0.019131 0.017736 0.016677 0.011895 40

31 0.006752 0.014113 0.006786 0.011078 0.018890 0.020041 0.019837 0.018734 0.019170 0.014796 0.010891 41

32 0.006429 0.014463 0.006567 0.010611 0.018217 0.019955 0.018688 0.018550 0.016927 0.014346 0.010255 42

33 0.006290 0.014446 0.007517 0.009761 0.018053 0.018911 0.018148 0.016963 0.015176 0.013842 0.009795 43

34 0.005999 0.013327 0.006931 0.009611 0.017707 0.018005 0.017460 0.014701 0.013662 0.012198 0.009044 44

35 0.006603 0.013090 0.006424 0.009156 0.016842 0.016228 0.015870 0.012655 0.011297 0.011126 0.007929 45

36 0.007414 0.014751 0.006754 0.009055 0.015471 0.015706 0.014659 0.013537 0.011517 0.010386 0.007705 46

37 0.007768 0.013234 0.006509 0.008117 0.015471 0.014270 0.013831 0.012450 0.011615 0.010045 0.006847 47

38 0.006880 0.012603 0.005672 0.008101 0.014487 0.012642 0.012551 0.010961 0.009936 0.008564 0.006184 48

39 0.006906 0.012916 0.005466 0.007364 0.014226 0.012107 0.011732 0.010296 0.009196 0.007658 0.005332 49

40 0.006189 0.012569 0.005760 0.006750 0.013727 0.011304 0.011294 0.009284 0.008587 0.006219 0.004776 50

41 0.006102 0.013274 0.005377 0.006691 0.012113 0.010655 0.010433 0.008729 0.007449 0.005681 0.004216 51

42 0.006806 0.012462 0.005064 0.006189 0.012142 0.010082 0.008192 0.006518 0.006033 0.005272 0.003801 52

43 0.006763 0.011943 0.004928 0.006074 0.010620 0.008421 0.007670 0.006933 0.005972 0.004533 0.003426 53

44 0.006356 0.011694 0.004517 0.005182 0.010637 0.007608 0.006822 0.006515 0.004000 0.004055 0.002854 54

45 0.005517 0.010061 0.004164 0.005391 0.008870 0.006414 0.005605 0.004744 0.003969 0.003854 0.002452 55

46 0.006038 0.010851 0.003932 0.004301 0.007658 0.006646 0.005521 0.004231 0.003924 0.003284 0.002149 56

47 0.005439 0.010179 0.003805 0.003971 0.007623 0.005745 0.005055 0.003970 0.003472 0.002798 0.002010 57

48 0.005339 0.008403 0.003171 0.003541 0.006732 0.005389 0.004553 0.003670 0.002879 0.002744 0.001716 58

49 0.004334 0.007131 0.002788 0.004100 0.006532 0.005153 0.003534 0.003329 0.002535 0.001825 0.001574 59

50 0.002393 0.004473 0.001640 0.002602 0.004759 0.003715 0.003114 0.002483 0.002196 0.001723 0.001448 60

51 0.003011 0.005621 0.001715 0.002483 0.004848 0.003671 0.002714 0.002634 0.002214 0.001633 0.001216 61

52 0.002705 0.004371 0.001671 0.002043 0.004302 0.003275 0.002569 0.002358 0.001626 0.001721 0.001079 62

53 0.002693 0.003795 0.001234 0.002021 0.004428 0.002934 0.002534 0.002017 0.001509 0.001131 0.000812 63

54 0.001961 0.003189 0.000987 0.001781 0.004309 0.002942 0.002399 0.001500 0.001208 0.001014 0.000565 64

55 0.001277 0.002021 0.000686 0.001376 0.003631 0.002497 0.001750 0.001594 0.001002 0.000825 0.000203 65

56 0.001196 0.001922 0.000530 0.001619 0.003801 0.002026 0.001691 0.001148 0.000651 0.000443 — 66

57 0.001070 0.001769 0.000513 0.001564 0.003027 0.001739 0.001394 0.000775 0.000303 — — 67

58 0.001020 0.001460 0.000471 0.001143 0.002794 0.001875 0.001059 0.000491 — — — 68

59 0.001029 0.001384 0.000255 0.000784 0.002518 0.001260 0.000732 — — — — 69

60 0.000936 0.000781 0.000081 0.000766 0.002031 0.001017 — — — — — 70

61 0.000507 0.000445 0.000081 0.000641 0.001412 — — — — — — 71

62 0.000357 0.000376 0.000097 0.000146 — — — — — — — 72

63 0.000360 0.000414 0.000005 — — — — — — — — 73

64 0.000298 0.000450 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.000209 — — — — — — — — — — 75

q[ ] x + t
49

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not recovered and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented using

probabilities from table 14A.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 15A.—Male Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table (excluding possibility of death)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 99,292 98,031 96,189 94,666 89,101 81,024 74,728 68,894 63,675 59,890 26

17 89,700 89,066 88,139 87,081 85,732 80,715 74,001 68,698 63,887 59,590 56,665 27

18 80,716 80,154 79,515 78,950 77,705 73,308 67,908 63,518 59,644 56,391 54,057 28

19 72,682 72,303 71,790 71,347 70,265 66,841 62,627 59,240 56,359 53,994 52,046 29

20 66,747 66,437 65,934 65,495 64,544 61,886 58,627 56,007 53,768 51,988 50,538 30

21 62,742 62,437 61,943 61,536 60,695 58,506 55,982 53,813 52,024 50,505 49,355 31

22 60,186 59,843 59,314 58,862 58,017 56,174 53,991 52,191 50,617 49,339 48,375 32

23 58,581 58,256 57,619 57,169 56,380 54,657 52,767 51,119 49,662 48,479 47,515 33

24 57,425 57,090 56,399 56,003 55,186 53,528 51,780 50,246 48,896 47,786 46,772 34

25 56,501 56,118 55,460 55,035 54,258 52,596 50,971 49,553 48,250 47,171 46,116 35

26 55,437 55,053 54,385 53,959 53,260 51,748 50,146 48,710 47,492 46,454 45,514 36

27 54,218 53,812 53,098 52,669 51,998 50,526 49,005 47,704 46,619 45,704 44,924 37

28 53,191 52,762 52,018 51,599 50,940 49,596 48,302 47,063 46,050 45,099 44,365 38

29 52,301 51,894 51,150 50,772 50,091 48,844 47,542 46,416 45,419 44,606 43,850 39

30 51,435 51,042 50,331 49,956 49,308 48,144 47,004 45,940 44,947 44,209 43,397 40

31 50,411 50,009 49,224 48,864 48,287 47,186 46,162 45,200 44,347 43,636 42,950 41

32 49,779 49,374 48,587 48,205 47,680 46,608 45,590 44,663 43,892 43,188 42,552 42

33 49,016 48,577 47,788 47,382 46,872 45,839 44,898 44,033 43,324 42,690 42,180 43

34 48,197 47,736 46,927 46,570 46,101 45,176 44,382 43,638 42,997 42,388 41,851 44

35 47,499 47,053 46,268 45,905 45,488 44,614 43,852 43,144 42,551 42,030 41,551 45

36 46,889 46,474 45,656 45,318 44,855 44,066 43,380 42,723 42,172 41,692 41,268 46

37 46,188 45,781 45,008 44,674 44,238 43,548 42,913 42,313 41,841 41,373 40,999 47

38 45,629 45,229 44,482 44,135 43,738 43,083 42,482 41,975 41,512 41,090 40,766 48

39 45,087 44,697 43,931 43,649 43,312 42,710 42,126 41,647 41,229 40,854 40,556 49

40 44,658 44,282 43,529 43,239 42,883 42,308 41,783 41,344 40,954 40,647 40,362 50

41 44,093 43,758 43,099 42,839 42,524 42,006 41,503 41,074 40,736 40,450 40,186 51

42 43,646 43,279 42,644 42,345 42,035 41,577 41,171 40,811 40,491 40,231 40,036 52

43 43,112 42,793 42,230 41,988 41,707 41,268 40,906 40,602 40,329 40,106 39,907 53

44 42,724 42,425 41,851 41,601 41,371 40,927 40,624 40,357 40,144 39,951 39,788 54

45 42,457 42,139 41,567 41,344 41,109 40,729 40,433 40,194 40,001 39,824 39,689 55

46 42,147 41,837 41,263 41,078 40,875 40,543 40,278 40,057 39,854 39,713 39,600 56

47 41,769 41,496 41,015 40,863 40,687 40,363 40,119 39,928 39,770 39,628 39,521 57

48 41,419 41,164 40,783 40,656 40,464 40,180 39,966 39,789 39,662 39,552 39,453 58

49 41,174 40,990 40,670 40,539 40,370 40,074 39,885 39,726 39,602 39,481 39,395 59

50 40,560 40,445 40,246 40,162 40,057 39,858 39,708 39,588 39,490 39,399 39,339 60

51 40,545 40,400 40,186 40,105 40,004 39,798 39,640 39,522 39,436 39,357 39,289 61

52 40,392 40,265 40,064 39,995 39,905 39,695 39,560 39,446 39,368 39,300 39,248 62

53 40,199 40,088 39,943 39,898 39,815 39,607 39,491 39,387 39,312 39,255 39,211 63

54 40,028 39,958 39,850 39,811 39,743 39,552 39,430 39,343 39,263 39,213 39,181 64

55 39,824 39,778 39,711 39,686 39,627 39,477 39,368 39,289 39,231 39,194 39,161 65

56 39,737 39,689 39,624 39,604 39,547 39,395 39,296 39,237 39,194 39,162 39,152 66

57 39,650 39,603 39,550 39,524 39,474 39,336 39,254 39,201 39,166 39,151 — 67

58 39,564 39,523 39,468 39,454 39,407 39,284 39,221 39,179 39,153 — — 68

59 39,477 39,445 39,400 39,391 39,347 39,249 39,197 39,179 — — — 69

60 39,391 39,361 39,332 39,329 39,293 39,212 39,177 — — — — 70

61 39,305 39,284 39,270 39,266 39,234 39,178 — — — — — 71

62 39,219 39,205 39,193 39,186 39,172 — — — — — — 72

63 39,133 39,124 39,111 39,107 — — — — — — — 73

64 39,048 39,038 39,030 — — — — — — — — 74

65 38,963 38,962 — — — — — — — — — 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
50

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not recovered and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented using

probabilities from table 14B. 

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 15B.—Female Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table (excluding possibility of death)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 98,767 96,577 95,015 94,196 90,046 82,604 76,873 71,568 67,724 64,189 26

17 92,285 91,345 89,814 88,721 87,781 83,731 77,719 72,697 68,202 64,586 61,468 27

18 84,882 84,198 83,130 82,340 81,257 77,445 72,823 68,597 64,890 61,563 58,970 28

19 77,603 77,177 76,452 75,792 74,625 71,307 67,773 64,423 61,534 58,886 56,822 29

20 71,655 71,332 70,709 70,128 68,988 66,397 63,615 61,070 58,729 56,772 55,125 30

21 67,910 67,635 67,016 66,528 65,629 63,407 60,938 58,615 56,682 55,050 53,753 31

22 65,014 64,709 64,074 63,599 62,698 60,782 58,587 56,626 55,109 53,803 52,601 32

23 62,970 62,603 61,983 61,576 60,694 58,872 57,015 55,298 53,876 52,728 51,649 33

24 61,781 61,396 60,598 60,192 59,354 57,583 55,917 54,321 52,987 51,890 50,776 34

25 60,822 60,399 59,633 59,141 58,294 56,553 55,007 53,379 52,045 50,937 49,957 35

26 59,617 59,193 58,394 57,912 57,119 55,486 54,025 52,584 51,346 50,219 49,138 36

27 57,995 57,604 56,809 56,357 55,577 54,150 52,814 51,579 50,414 49,434 48,403 37

28 56,723 56,289 55,553 55,119 54,456 53,218 51,901 50,664 49,688 48,651 47,727 38

29 55,594 55,172 54,479 54,089 53,445 52,195 50,936 49,835 48,866 47,975 47,107 39

30 54,579 54,175 53,407 53,027 52,433 51,287 50,145 49,102 48,163 47,309 46,519 40

31 53,483 53,122 52,372 52,017 51,441 50,469 49,458 48,477 47,569 46,657 45,966 41

32 52,608 52,270 51,514 51,176 50,633 49,711 48,719 47,809 46,922 46,128 45,465 42

33 51,770 51,444 50,701 50,320 49,829 48,929 48,004 47,133 46,333 45,630 44,999 43

34 50,771 50,466 49,793 49,448 48,973 48,106 47,240 46,415 45,733 45,108 44,558 44

35 49,788 49,459 48,812 48,498 48,054 47,245 46,478 45,740 45,161 44,651 44,155 45

36 49,391 49,025 48,302 47,976 47,542 46,806 46,071 45,396 44,781 44,265 43,805 46

37 48,716 48,338 47,698 47,388 47,003 46,276 45,616 44,985 44,425 43,909 43,467 47

38 47,851 47,522 46,923 46,657 46,279 45,609 45,032 44,467 43,980 43,543 43,169 48

39 47,338 47,011 46,404 46,150 45,810 45,158 44,611 44,088 43,634 43,233 42,902 49

40 46,792 46,502 45,918 45,654 45,346 44,724 44,218 43,719 43,313 42,941 42,673 50

41 46,325 46,042 45,431 45,187 44,885 44,341 43,869 43,411 43,032 42,711 42,469 51

42 45,771 45,459 44,892 44,665 44,389 43,850 43,408 43,052 42,771 42,513 42,290 52

43 45,372 45,065 44,527 44,308 44,039 43,571 43,204 42,873 42,576 42,322 42,129 53

44 44,923 44,637 44,115 43,916 43,688 43,223 42,894 42,601 42,323 42,154 41,985 54

45 44,400 44,155 43,711 43,529 43,294 42,910 42,635 42,396 42,195 42,028 41,865 55

46 44,193 43,926 43,449 43,278 43,092 42,762 42,478 42,243 42,064 41,899 41,762 56

47 43,906 43,667 43,223 43,059 42,888 42,561 42,316 42,102 41,935 41,789 41,672 57

48 43,569 43,336 42,972 42,836 42,684 42,397 42,169 41,977 41,823 41,703 41,588 58

49 43,270 43,082 42,775 42,656 42,481 42,204 41,987 41,839 41,700 41,594 41,517 59

50 42,678 42,576 42,386 42,316 42,206 42,005 41,849 41,719 41,615 41,524 41,452 60

51 42,678 42,549 42,310 42,237 42,132 41,928 41,774 41,661 41,551 41,459 41,392 61

52 42,460 42,345 42,160 42,090 42,004 41,823 41,686 41,579 41,481 41,414 41,342 62

53 42,314 42,200 42,040 41,988 41,903 41,717 41,595 41,490 41,406 41,344 41,297 63

54 42,152 42,069 41,935 41,894 41,819 41,639 41,516 41,416 41,354 41,304 41,263 64

55 41,934 41,880 41,795 41,766 41,709 41,558 41,454 41,381 41,315 41,274 41,240 65

56 41,857 41,807 41,727 41,705 41,637 41,479 41,395 41,325 41,278 41,251 41,232 66

57 41,780 41,735 41,661 41,640 41,575 41,449 41,377 41,319 41,287 41,274 — 67

58 41,703 41,661 41,600 41,580 41,532 41,416 41,338 41,294 41,274 — — 68

59 41,627 41,584 41,526 41,515 41,482 41,378 41,326 41,296 — — — 69

60 41,550 41,512 41,480 41,477 41,445 41,361 41,319 — — — — 70

61 41,474 41,453 41,435 41,432 41,405 41,347 — — — — — 71

62 41,398 41,383 41,367 41,363 41,357 — — — — — — 72

63 41,322 41,307 41,290 41,290 — — — — — — — 73

64 41,246 41,234 41,215 — — — — — — — — 74

65 41,170 41,162 — — — — — — — — — 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
51

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the DI rolls for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from table 15A.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 16A.—Male Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls (excluding possibility of death)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 25.77 24.95 24.26 23.72 23.09 23.50 24.79 25.84 26.99 28.16 28.90 26

17 27.23 26.42 25.70 25.00 24.39 24.87 26.08 27.06 28.06 29.05 29.52 27

18 28.77 27.96 27.19 26.38 25.79 26.31 27.36 28.22 29.02 29.66 29.92 28

19 30.43 29.58 28.79 27.97 27.39 27.77 28.60 29.21 29.68 29.95 30.06 29

20 31.71 30.85 30.08 29.28 28.71 28.92 29.50 29.86 30.08 30.09 29.94 30

21 32.46 31.62 30.86 30.07 29.47 29.56 29.87 30.05 30.07 29.96 29.64 31

22 32.68 31.86 31.14 30.38 29.81 29.78 29.96 29.98 29.89 29.65 29.24 32

23 32.53 31.71 31.05 30.29 29.71 29.63 29.67 29.61 29.47 29.17 28.76 33

24 32.18 31.37 30.75 29.96 29.40 29.29 29.27 29.14 28.93 28.60 28.20 34

25 31.74 30.96 30.32 29.55 28.96 28.86 28.77 28.58 28.33 27.97 27.60 35

26 31.36 30.58 29.95 29.18 28.56 28.37 28.27 28.08 27.79 27.40 26.96 36

27 31.03 30.26 29.66 28.90 28.26 28.07 27.93 27.68 27.31 26.85 26.30 37

28 30.63 29.88 29.30 28.53 27.89 27.63 27.36 27.07 26.65 26.20 25.63 38

29 30.17 29.40 28.82 28.03 27.40 27.09 26.82 26.46 26.03 25.49 24.92 39

30 29.70 28.92 28.33 27.54 26.89 26.53 26.16 25.75 25.31 24.73 24.18 40

31 29.27 28.51 27.95 27.15 26.47 26.08 25.65 25.18 24.66 24.05 23.43 41

32 28.67 27.90 27.35 26.56 25.85 25.43 24.99 24.50 23.92 23.30 22.64 42

33 28.11 27.36 26.81 26.03 25.31 24.87 24.38 23.85 23.23 22.57 21.84 43

34 27.59 26.86 26.31 25.51 24.76 24.26 23.68 23.08 22.42 21.73 21.00 44

35 27.01 26.26 25.69 24.89 24.12 23.58 22.98 22.35 21.65 20.92 20.15 45

36 26.37 25.60 25.05 24.23 23.48 22.89 22.24 21.58 20.85 20.08 19.29 46

37 25.77 24.99 24.41 23.59 22.82 22.17 21.49 20.79 20.02 19.24 18.41 47

38 25.09 24.31 23.71 22.89 22.09 21.42 20.72 19.96 19.18 18.37 17.51 48

39 24.40 23.61 23.01 22.16 21.33 20.62 19.90 19.12 18.31 17.48 16.60 49

40 23.65 22.85 22.23 21.38 20.55 19.83 19.07 18.27 17.44 16.56 15.68 50

41 22.97 22.14 21.47 20.60 19.74 18.98 18.21 17.39 16.53 15.64 14.74 51

42 22.20 21.38 20.69 19.83 18.98 18.18 17.35 16.50 15.63 14.73 13.80 52

43 21.48 20.63 19.90 19.01 18.14 17.32 16.47 15.59 14.69 13.77 12.84 53

44 20.67 19.81 19.08 18.19 17.29 16.47 15.59 14.69 13.76 12.83 11.88 54

45 19.81 18.96 18.21 17.31 16.41 15.55 14.66 13.75 12.81 11.87 10.91 55

46 18.97 18.11 17.35 16.43 15.51 14.63 13.72 12.80 11.86 10.90 9.93 56

47 18.15 17.27 16.46 15.52 14.59 13.70 12.78 11.84 10.88 9.92 8.95 57

48 17.31 16.41 15.56 14.61 13.67 12.77 11.83 10.88 9.91 8.94 7.96 58

49 16.43 15.50 14.62 13.66 12.72 11.81 10.86 9.90 8.93 7.96 6.97 59

50 15.64 14.68 13.75 12.78 11.81 10.87 9.91 8.93 7.96 6.97 5.98 60

51 14.66 13.71 12.78 11.81 10.83 9.89 8.93 7.95 6.97 5.98 4.99 61

52 13.72 12.76 11.82 10.84 9.87 8.92 7.94 6.97 5.98 4.99 3.99 62

53 12.79 11.82 10.86 9.87 8.89 7.94 6.96 5.98 4.99 3.99 3.00 63

54 11.84 10.86 9.89 8.90 7.92 6.95 5.97 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 64

55 10.90 9.91 8.93 7.93 6.94 5.97 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 65

56 9.92 8.93 7.95 6.95 5.96 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 — 66

57 8.94 7.95 6.96 5.97 4.97 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — 67

58 7.96 6.97 5.98 4.98 3.98 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — 68

59 6.98 5.98 4.99 3.99 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — — 69

60 5.99 4.99 3.99 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — — — 70

61 4.99 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — 71

62 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — 72

63 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — — 73

64 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 1.00 — — — — — — — — — — 75

e[ ] x + t
52

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the DI rolls for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from table 15B.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 16B.—Female Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls (excluding possibility of death)

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 27.05 26.38 25.96 25.38 24.60 24.71 25.89 26.78 27.73 28.28 28.81 26

17 28.04 27.32 26.78 26.11 25.38 25.58 26.52 27.32 28.09 28.63 29.06 27

18 29.15 28.38 27.74 27.00 26.36 26.63 27.29 27.94 28.50 29.02 29.27 28

19 30.45 29.62 28.90 28.14 27.58 27.84 28.26 28.70 29.03 29.31 29.36 29

20 31.59 30.73 29.99 29.24 28.71 28.81 29.05 29.24 29.39 29.38 29.25 30

21 32.10 31.23 30.52 29.74 29.14 29.14 29.30 29.44 29.43 29.29 28.98 31

22 32.35 31.50 30.81 30.04 29.46 29.37 29.46 29.46 29.26 28.95 28.60 32

23 32.31 31.49 30.80 30.00 29.43 29.33 29.27 29.16 28.92 28.54 28.12 33

24 31.92 31.11 30.52 29.72 29.13 29.01 28.86 28.69 28.40 27.99 27.60 34

25 31.43 30.65 30.03 29.28 28.70 28.57 28.36 28.21 27.92 27.51 27.04 35

26 31.07 30.28 29.69 28.93 28.33 28.15 27.90 27.65 27.30 26.90 26.48 36

27 30.87 30.08 29.49 28.73 28.12 27.85 27.54 27.19 26.81 26.33 25.88 37

28 30.54 29.77 29.16 28.38 27.72 27.36 27.04 26.69 26.20 25.75 25.24 38

29 30.14 29.36 28.73 27.93 27.27 26.91 26.56 26.13 25.64 25.11 24.56 39

30 29.68 28.90 28.31 27.51 26.81 26.40 25.99 25.53 25.02 24.46 23.87 40

31 29.27 28.46 27.86 27.05 26.35 25.85 25.36 24.87 24.33 23.80 23.15 41

32 28.75 27.93 27.33 26.51 25.79 25.26 24.76 24.22 23.67 23.07 22.40 42

33 28.20 27.37 26.77 25.97 25.22 24.67 24.14 23.57 22.97 22.32 21.63 43

34 27.72 26.88 26.24 25.42 24.66 24.10 23.53 22.94 22.27 21.57 20.83 44

35 27.22 26.39 25.74 24.90 24.13 23.53 22.91 22.27 21.55 20.79 20.02 45

36 26.46 25.65 25.03 24.19 23.41 22.77 22.13 21.45 20.74 19.97 19.18 46

37 25.82 25.02 24.35 23.51 22.70 22.05 21.36 20.65 19.90 19.13 18.32 47

38 25.26 24.43 23.73 22.87 22.05 21.37 20.63 19.89 19.10 18.29 17.44 48

39 24.53 23.70 23.00 22.12 21.29 20.59 19.83 19.06 18.25 17.42 16.55 49

40 23.81 22.96 22.24 21.37 20.51 19.79 19.01 18.22 17.39 16.53 15.64 50

41 23.05 22.19 21.48 20.60 19.73 18.97 18.17 17.35 16.50 15.62 14.71 51

42 22.31 21.46 20.73 19.83 18.95 18.18 17.36 16.50 15.60 14.69 13.77 52

43 21.52 20.66 19.90 19.00 18.11 17.30 16.45 15.57 14.67 13.76 12.82 53

44 20.72 19.85 19.08 18.17 17.26 16.44 15.56 14.67 13.76 12.81 11.86 54

45 19.96 19.06 18.25 17.33 16.42 15.56 14.66 13.74 12.80 11.85 10.89 55

46 19.06 18.18 17.37 16.44 15.50 14.62 13.72 12.79 11.84 10.89 9.92 56

47 18.20 17.29 16.46 15.53 14.59 13.69 12.77 11.83 10.88 9.91 8.94 57

48 17.34 16.43 15.56 14.61 13.66 12.75 11.82 10.87 9.91 8.93 7.96 58

49 16.46 15.53 14.63 13.67 12.73 11.81 10.87 9.90 8.93 7.96 6.97 59

50 15.66 14.69 13.76 12.78 11.81 10.86 9.90 8.93 7.95 6.97 5.98 60

51 14.67 13.71 12.79 11.81 10.84 9.89 8.92 7.94 6.96 5.98 4.99 61

52 13.74 12.78 11.83 10.85 9.87 8.91 7.94 6.96 5.98 4.99 3.99 62

53 12.79 11.82 10.87 9.88 8.90 7.94 6.96 5.98 4.99 3.99 3.00 63

54 11.84 10.86 9.90 8.91 7.92 6.95 5.97 4.99 3.99 3.00 2.00 64

55 10.90 9.91 8.93 7.94 6.95 5.97 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 65

56 9.92 8.93 7.95 6.95 5.96 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 — 66

57 8.94 7.95 6.96 5.97 4.98 3.99 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — 67

58 7.96 6.97 5.98 4.98 3.98 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — 68

59 6.97 5.98 4.99 3.99 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — — 69

60 5.99 4.99 3.99 2.99 2.00 1.00 — — — — — 70

61 4.99 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — 71

62 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — 72

63 3.00 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — — 73

64 2.00 1.00 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 1.00 — — — — — — — — — — 75

e[ ] x + t
53

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the number of recoveries per thousand during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t. Rates are derived from death probabilities shown in table 7A and recovery probabilities shown in table 14A.

See appendix for details.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 17A.—Male Disabled Workers

Absolute Recovery Rate Per Thousand Entitled

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 7.108 12.714 18.821 15.878 58.905 90.783 77.862 78.268 76.007 59.611 53.951 26

17 7.095 10.432 12.028 15.540 58.641 83.360 71.835 70.203 67.509 49.224 46.141 27

18 6.991 8.002 7.124 15.810 56.742 73.879 64.824 61.127 54.736 41.502 37.304 28

19 5.247 7.124 6.191 15.212 48.887 63.230 54.225 48.750 42.108 36.180 29.060 29

20 4.672 7.608 6.672 14.558 41.303 52.821 44.799 40.085 33.198 27.997 23.484 30

21 4.883 7.943 6.601 13.705 36.155 43.270 38.838 33.318 29.286 22.872 19.915 31

22 5.736 8.873 7.652 14.394 31.863 38.980 33.433 30.247 25.337 19.628 17.836 32

23 5.586 11.000 7.836 13.842 30.670 34.695 31.335 28.618 23.919 19.944 15.694 33

24 5.873 12.178 7.046 14.645 30.152 32.767 29.747 26.967 22.780 21.336 14.078 34

25 6.836 11.811 7.711 14.186 30.761 31.021 27.926 26.408 22.461 22.480 13.095 35

26 6.999 12.238 7.877 13.015 28.530 31.112 28.766 25.116 21.958 20.356 13.023 36

27 7.577 13.383 8.129 12.818 28.466 30.254 26.677 22.847 19.707 17.134 12.490 37

28 8.154 14.224 8.117 12.845 26.514 26.226 25.799 21.640 20.746 16.343 11.659 38

29 7.868 14.461 7.441 13.488 25.016 26.802 23.807 21.603 18.013 17.081 10.379 39

30 7.737 14.053 7.498 13.045 23.745 23.823 22.763 21.754 16.529 18.473 10.344 40

31 8.076 15.838 7.358 11.888 22.936 21.815 20.947 18.972 16.151 15.833 9.314 41

32 8.238 16.096 7.919 10.963 22.616 21.981 20.454 17.382 16.142 14.797 8.796 42

33 9.082 16.406 8.560 10.837 22.176 20.668 19.385 16.207 14.729 12.052 7.851 43

34 9.696 17.123 7.678 10.145 20.203 17.698 16.869 14.783 14.260 12.758 7.221 44

35 9.546 16.845 7.920 9.142 19.347 17.203 16.255 13.848 12.343 11.501 6.870 45

36 9.002 17.787 7.466 10.307 17.713 15.696 15.252 13.001 11.481 10.217 6.575 46

37 8.949 17.076 7.494 9.841 15.710 14.708 14.086 11.260 11.266 9.108 5.731 47

38 8.909 16.699 7.874 9.063 15.094 14.051 12.035 11.121 10.263 7.974 5.208 48

39 8.817 17.354 6.478 7.801 14.020 13.783 11.455 10.134 9.179 7.350 4.837 49

40 8.572 17.205 6.735 8.303 13.516 12.503 10.592 9.523 7.565 7.120 4.399 50

41 7.759 15.263 6.100 7.419 12.299 12.101 10.453 8.315 7.093 6.546 3.763 51

42 8.580 14.896 7.092 7.388 10.999 9.872 8.838 7.926 6.480 4.911 3.251 52

43 7.573 13.347 5.795 6.770 10.637 8.874 7.510 6.809 5.604 4.992 3.013 53

44 7.164 13.747 6.040 5.589 10.857 7.474 6.643 5.343 4.855 4.156 2.527 54

45 7.680 13.792 5.434 5.738 9.359 7.358 5.978 4.869 4.491 3.423 2.268 55

46 7.548 13.966 4.545 5.017 8.221 6.624 5.563 5.129 3.583 2.882 2.033 56

47 6.740 11.799 3.758 4.358 8.058 6.116 4.814 4.006 3.613 2.790 1.755 57

48 6.345 9.455 3.161 4.801 7.124 5.398 4.496 3.240 2.820 2.522 1.486 58

49 4.625 7.981 3.271 4.242 7.439 4.789 4.051 3.160 3.093 2.199 1.438 59

50 2.902 4.997 2.106 2.649 5.031 3.822 3.054 2.510 2.349 1.545 1.295 60

51 3.677 5.405 2.042 2.547 5.226 4.019 3.016 2.218 2.048 1.766 1.074 61

52 3.250 5.103 1.748 2.273 5.347 3.459 2.928 2.009 1.748 1.340 0.948 62

53 2.843 3.697 1.144 2.103 5.316 2.972 2.672 1.938 1.471 1.169 0.775 63

54 1.807 2.750 1.001 1.743 4.891 3.132 2.252 2.079 1.292 0.835 0.532 64

55 1.191 1.717 0.637 1.519 3.847 2.810 2.045 1.506 0.962 0.814 0.227 65

56 1.251 1.662 0.516 1.458 3.910 2.552 1.530 1.116 0.840 0.249 — 66

57 1.228 1.378 0.666 1.289 3.566 2.125 1.387 0.910 0.390 — — 67

58 1.054 1.426 0.372 1.203 3.178 1.624 1.086 0.669 — — — 68

59 0.845 1.154 0.230 1.134 2.539 1.349 0.457 — — — — 69

60 0.792 0.752 0.078 0.924 2.086 0.908 — — — — — 70

61 0.542 0.356 0.093 0.822 1.444 — — — — — — 71

62 0.361 0.318 0.182 0.365 — — — — — — — 72

63 0.238 0.338 0.098 — — — — — — — — 73

64 0.271 0.212 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.019 — — — — — — — — — — 75

q ′

[ ] x + t
54

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Recovery is not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the number of recoveries per thousand during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t. Rates are derived from death probabilities shown in table 7B and recovery probabilities shown in table 14B.

See appendix for details.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 17B.—Female Disabled Workers

Absolute Recovery Rate Per Thousand Entitled

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 12.354 22.310 16.251 8.656 44.134 82.926 69.565 69.142 53.845 52.301 42.525 26

17 10.216 16.851 12.227 10.643 46.231 72.047 64.797 61.970 53.144 48.379 40.759 27

18 8.086 12.737 9.543 13.210 47.021 59.883 58.175 54.171 51.411 42.232 36.522 28

19 5.509 9.430 8.662 15.449 44.564 49.706 49.563 44.945 43.184 35.178 29.940 29

20 4.531 8.767 8.244 16.299 37.653 41.992 40.117 38.430 33.413 29.107 24.955 30

21 4.077 9.183 7.306 13.555 33.959 39.032 38.240 33.066 28.883 23.632 21.484 31

22 4.727 9.855 7.436 14.210 30.644 36.211 33.583 26.856 23.762 22.413 18.162 32

23 5.872 9.962 6.597 14.378 30.094 31.630 30.223 25.785 21.394 20.496 16.949 33

24 6.280 13.071 6.727 13.975 29.929 29.022 28.643 24.639 20.772 21.536 16.185 34

25 7.022 12.746 8.278 14.390 29.967 27.440 29.696 25.098 21.378 19.300 16.450 35

26 7.184 13.597 8.291 13.759 28.687 26.439 26.784 23.648 22.048 21.577 15.017 36

27 6.800 13.905 8.008 13.897 25.788 24.778 23.474 22.684 19.529 20.929 14.024 37

28 7.738 13.183 7.859 12.085 22.835 24.848 23.946 19.355 20.967 19.050 13.036 38

29 7.662 12.665 7.201 11.972 23.504 24.234 21.709 19.536 18.308 18.169 12.532 39

30 7.489 14.286 7.155 11.266 21.958 22.374 20.879 19.215 17.815 16.749 11.949 40

31 6.830 14.226 6.825 11.136 18.989 20.134 19.931 18.827 19.259 14.865 10.944 41

32 6.506 14.594 6.608 10.661 18.314 20.048 18.773 18.645 17.013 14.410 10.306 42

33 6.364 14.580 7.564 9.815 18.145 19.001 18.230 17.053 15.247 13.913 9.843 43

34 6.074 13.447 6.974 9.666 17.799 18.095 17.555 14.785 13.728 12.263 9.092 44

35 6.694 13.216 6.468 9.210 16.933 16.319 15.958 12.726 11.360 11.190 7.975 45

36 7.516 14.905 6.802 9.108 15.555 15.794 14.741 13.623 11.580 10.447 7.752 46

37 7.880 13.374 6.553 8.173 15.563 14.356 13.907 12.523 11.681 10.105 6.891 47

38 6.981 12.738 5.717 8.155 14.577 12.711 12.627 11.027 9.995 8.619 6.226 48

39 7.009 13.051 5.514 7.413 14.316 12.178 11.812 10.364 9.260 7.707 5.369 49

40 6.285 12.717 5.810 6.800 13.819 11.377 11.371 9.344 8.643 6.264 4.810 50

41 6.203 13.428 5.425 6.741 12.197 10.727 10.507 8.790 7.501 5.722 4.249 51

42 6.925 12.614 5.108 6.237 12.228 10.152 8.248 6.562 6.080 5.312 3.831 52

43 6.883 12.098 4.971 6.122 10.698 8.482 7.725 6.986 6.019 4.568 3.455 53

44 6.482 11.850 4.562 5.227 10.719 7.668 6.876 6.570 4.033 4.090 2.880 54

45 5.624 10.194 4.204 5.436 8.943 6.468 5.653 4.785 4.001 3.886 2.474 55

46 6.161 11.002 3.973 4.339 7.725 6.704 5.569 4.269 3.957 3.313 2.170 56

47 5.555 10.328 3.846 4.010 7.696 5.793 5.098 4.007 3.504 2.826 2.031 57

48 5.464 8.541 3.208 3.577 6.795 5.437 4.595 3.706 2.907 2.772 1.734 58

49 4.440 7.249 2.822 4.143 6.593 5.202 3.567 3.363 2.560 1.843 1.592 59

50 2.431 4.523 1.656 2.625 4.800 3.749 3.142 2.507 2.217 1.740 1.465 60

51 3.077 5.701 1.734 2.507 4.893 3.705 2.743 2.660 2.238 1.652 1.231 61

52 2.766 4.438 1.689 2.065 4.345 3.308 2.595 2.382 1.643 1.742 1.093 62

53 2.757 3.855 1.249 2.043 4.475 2.967 2.563 2.040 1.527 1.145 0.823 63

54 2.008 3.241 1.000 1.801 4.358 2.976 2.427 1.519 1.223 1.027 0.573 64

55 1.299 2.047 0.693 1.390 3.669 2.523 1.770 1.613 1.014 0.836 0.206 65

56 1.223 1.950 0.537 1.637 3.844 2.049 1.712 1.163 0.659 0.449 — 66

57 1.095 1.798 0.520 1.583 3.064 1.760 1.412 0.785 0.307 — — 67

58 1.044 1.484 0.477 1.157 2.830 1.900 1.074 0.497 — — — 68

59 1.054 1.407 0.259 0.795 2.552 1.277 0.741 — — — — 69

60 0.959 0.795 0.082 0.777 2.059 1.030 — — — — — 70

61 0.522 0.454 0.082 0.651 1.431 — — — — — — 71

62 0.368 0.385 0.099 0.148 — — — — — — — 72

63 0.374 0.425 0.005 — — — — — — — — 73

64 0.312 0.463 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.220 — — — — — — — — — — 75

q ′

[ ] x + t
55

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of recovery at entl age [x] represents the average probability of termination due to recovery

within one year for disability beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are based on

aggregate counts of exposure and recoveries across all durations, and have been graduated using WhittakerHenderson method.

3. Future time on DI rolls at entl age [x] represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls for

disability beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of

expected future times across all durations from tables 16A and 16B. Experience does not reflect continuing

entitlement after NRA.

Table 18.—Disabled Workers 

Aggregate Probability of Recovery and Expected Future Time on DI Rolls

(excluding possibility of death), by Entitlement Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Male Female

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

16 0.022259 23.70 0.021791 24.58

17 0.026900 24.48 0.027588 25.54

18 0.023290 24.70 0.025905 25.56

19 0.019066 24.60 0.020944 25.58

20 0.016281 24.73 0.017653 25.65

21 0.013735 24.46 0.015305 25.33

22 0.012496 24.11 0.013747 25.01

23 0.011691 23.60 0.012874 24.59

24 0.011463 23.02 0.012982 24.13

25 0.011318 22.29 0.013178 23.66

26 0.011060 21.83 0.013026 23.19

27 0.010773 21.42 0.012375 22.79

28 0.010321 20.99 0.011808 22.37

29 0.009993 20.50 0.011335 21.89

30 0.009708 19.99 0.010966 21.38

31 0.009310 19.55 0.010184 20.81

32 0.008974 18.99 0.009834 20.20

33 0.008596 18.46 0.009432 19.61

34 0.008334 17.95 0.008712 19.01

35 0.007937 17.42 0.008065 18.38

36 0.007785 16.96 0.008050 17.69

37 0.007309 16.45 0.007535 17.06

38 0.006852 15.96 0.006837 16.48

39 0.006620 15.50 0.006539 15.85

40 0.006332 14.96 0.006174 15.27

41 0.006023 14.46 0.005856 14.61

42 0.005665 13.94 0.005365 14.04

43 0.005282 13.48 0.005084 13.45

44 0.004918 13.02 0.004719 12.87

45 0.004845 12.50 0.004190 12.35

46 0.004636 11.99 0.004183 11.81

47 0.004254 11.47 0.003913 11.24

48 0.003838 10.87 0.003640 10.64

49 0.003625 10.27 0.003367 10.07

50 0.002642 10.09 0.002494 9.91

51 0.002775 9.24 0.002683 9.06

52 0.002619 8.60 0.002357 8.46

53 0.002300 7.97 0.002217 7.86

54 0.002027 7.35 0.002034 7.28

55 0.001620 6.89 0.001611 6.84

56 0.001561 6.21 0.001582 6.18

57 0.001465 5.62 0.001410 5.61

58 0.001324 5.03 0.001323 5.03

59 0.001099 4.44 0.001145 4.45

60 0.000878 3.85 0.000901 3.87

61 0.000540 3.29 0.000520 3.31

62 0.000293 2.75 0.000262 2.76

63 0.000238 2.22 0.000312 2.22

64 0.000244 1.66 0.000350 1.66

65 0.000018 1.00 0.000209 1.00
56

Notes:

1. Attained age calculated as sum of entitlement age and duration.

2. Probability of recovery at attained age x represents the average probability of termination due to recovery

within one year for disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are based on aggregate

counts of exposure and recoveries across all durations, and have been graduated using Whittaker-Henderson

method.

3. Future time on DI rolls at attained age x represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls

for disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of

expected future times across all durations from tables 16A and 16B. Experience does not reflect continuing

entitlement after NRA.

Table 19.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Recovery and Expected Future Time on DI Rolls

(excluding possibility of death), by Attained Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained age

Male Female

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

16 0.007082 25.77 0.012330 27.05

17 0.007251 27.04 0.015463 27.88

18 0.011053 28.20 0.011903 28.71

19 0.006253 29.24 0.007970 29.47

20 0.005652 30.08 0.006499 30.09

21 0.008480 30.48 0.008531 30.33

22 0.013103 30.54 0.012800 30.35

23 0.016755 30.49 0.017159 30.32

24 0.021251 30.40 0.018547 30.23

25 0.024821 30.30 0.021730 30.08

26 0.024078 30.22 0.022075 29.93

27 0.024799 30.09 0.023414 29.77

28 0.023459 29.92 0.022273 29.59

29 0.022406 29.68 0.020784 29.36

30 0.020590 29.38 0.019374 29.06

31 0.019299 29.02 0.018548 28.69

32 0.018961 28.59 0.017017 28.27

33 0.017530 28.12 0.016722 27.80

34 0.017036 27.60 0.016226 27.31

35 0.015834 27.05 0.015367 26.79

36 0.015313 26.46 0.014829 26.22

37 0.014953 25.85 0.014375 25.63

38 0.013893 25.21 0.013520 25.01

39 0.013235 24.54 0.013275 24.36

40 0.012748 23.83 0.012201 23.69

41 0.011609 23.12 0.011539 22.98

42 0.010892 22.36 0.010971 22.25

43 0.010170 21.59 0.010313 21.49

44 0.009379 20.79 0.009760 20.71

45 0.008957 19.97 0.008870 19.91

46 0.008487 19.13 0.008497 19.08

47 0.007661 18.27 0.007732 18.24

48 0.006904 17.40 0.007143 17.37

49 0.005996 16.51 0.006037 16.49

50 0.005120 15.61 0.005060 15.59

51 0.004609 14.68 0.004678 14.67

52 0.004010 13.75 0.004098 13.74

53 0.003680 12.80 0.003683 12.79

54 0.003025 11.84 0.003269 11.84

55 0.002545 10.88 0.002687 10.88

56 0.002305 9.91 0.002363 9.91

57 0.002036 8.93 0.002117 8.93

58 0.001785 7.95 0.001886 7.95

59 0.001709 6.96 0.001815 6.96

60 0.001543 5.98 0.001671 5.98

61 0.001323 4.99 0.001307 4.99

62 0.001106 3.99 0.001132 3.99

63 0.000914 3.00 0.000982 3.00

64 0.000779 2.00 0.000748 2.00

65 0.000410 1.00 0.000401 1.00
57

Notes:

1. Duration measured in years since entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of recovery at duration t represents the average probability of termination due to recovery during

the (t+1) year of entitlement to benefits. Values are based on aggregate counts of exposure and recoveries

across all entitlement ages. Results have been graduated using Whittaker-Henderson method.

3. Future time on DI rolls at duration t represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls for

disability beneficiaries who have not recovered after t years. Values are exposure-weighted averages of

expected future times across all ages from tables 16A and 16B. Experience does not reflect continuing

entitlement after NRA.

Table 20.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Recovery and Expected Future Time on DI Rolls

(excluding possibility of death), by Duration

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Duration

Male Female

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

Probability

of recovery

Future time on

DI rolls

0 0.003235 13.60 0.003060 14.22

1 0.005897 13.29 0.005777 13.87

2 0.002734 13.11 0.002618 13.64

3 0.004312 12.89 0.004175 13.37

4 0.009314 12.75 0.008783 13.13

5 0.008969 12.77 0.008176 13.01

6 0.008265 12.76 0.007844 12.84

7 0.007452 12.63 0.007094 12.63

8 0.006798 12.55 0.006570 12.49

9 0.006264 12.58 0.006206 12.41

10 0.005984 12.73 0.005848 12.39

11 0.005602 12.83 0.005653 12.31

12 0.004921 12.74 0.005212 12.09

13 0.004693 12.61 0.004748 11.82

14 0.004265 12.40 0.004271 11.54

15 0.003903 12.23 0.003845 11.30

16 0.003421 12.07 0.003513 11.11

17 0.003310 11.82 0.003269 10.88

18 0.003082 11.60 0.002955 10.71

19 0.002780 11.44 0.002828 10.59

20 0.002550 11.31 0.002639 10.50

21 0.002203 11.15 0.002427 10.40

22 0.002098 10.95 0.002244 10.26

23 0.001794 10.73 0.001862 10.08

24 0.001589 10.47 0.001815 9.86

25 0.001409 10.17 0.001477 9.59

26 0.001107 9.87 0.001227 9.33

27 0.001149 9.56 0.001149 9.07

28 0.000987 9.28 0.001058 8.83

29 0.001161 8.99 0.001033 8.63

30 0.000700 8.71 0.000727 8.42

31 0.000559 8.42 0.000480 8.17

32 0.000600 8.08 0.000738 7.86

33 0.000492 7.65 0.000687 7.47

34 0.000298 7.16 0.000365 6.96

35 0.000431 6.64 0.000263 6.44

36 0.000269 6.14 0.000254 5.95

37 0.000146 5.63 0.000385 5.47

38 0.000361 5.09 0.000023 4.93

39 0.000136 4.55 0.000181 4.41

40 0.000117 4.02 0.000246 3.87

Disabled Worker Combined Death and Recovery Experience 

by Entitlement Age and Duration

(2011-15)
.
61

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of death or recovery from disability during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled

to benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t. Values are derived from death probabilities (table 7A) and recovery probabilities (table 14A).

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 7C for death probabilities beyond attained age 75.

Table 21A.—Male Disabled Workers

Probability of Death or Recovery Termination

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.014257 0.014251 0.022148 0.021464 0.062665 0.093465 0.081751 0.083024 0.082385 0.064861 0.057469 26

17 0.014675 0.014364 0.015936 0.021153 0.062664 0.087426 0.076377 0.074692 0.074315 0.055177 0.050706 27

18 0.015833 0.014451 0.011504 0.021175 0.061876 0.079263 0.069803 0.065153 0.061517 0.047755 0.042613 28

19 0.016415 0.015196 0.011057 0.020387 0.055109 0.068781 0.059001 0.053158 0.048417 0.043511 0.035082 29

20 0.015663 0.016824 0.012264 0.019972 0.047210 0.058545 0.049702 0.044975 0.038614 0.035298 0.030431 30

21 0.015821 0.017071 0.014634 0.019054 0.041264 0.049223 0.043630 0.038029 0.035010 0.029324 0.026206 31

22 0.017990 0.017821 0.014950 0.020413 0.037936 0.045127 0.039134 0.036433 0.031979 0.026335 0.023531 32

23 0.019671 0.022208 0.015877 0.019819 0.037342 0.040877 0.037875 0.036380 0.031141 0.026457 0.022257 33

24 0.020913 0.024147 0.016154 0.021535 0.037681 0.039132 0.037382 0.034792 0.029895 0.029476 0.021591 34

25 0.025971 0.026216 0.018274 0.022820 0.039268 0.039233 0.036048 0.034345 0.031440 0.030735 0.020198 35

26 0.027909 0.028063 0.019091 0.021995 0.038378 0.040978 0.038052 0.034397 0.030397 0.030257 0.020550 36

27 0.028609 0.029236 0.020041 0.023478 0.038768 0.039376 0.035942 0.032538 0.028040 0.027216 0.021176 37

28 0.030553 0.030093 0.020991 0.023501 0.036446 0.036706 0.037030 0.031553 0.029685 0.026999 0.021152 38

29 0.031357 0.030314 0.019988 0.024989 0.035077 0.038057 0.034425 0.032938 0.030144 0.028947 0.020111 39

30 0.032438 0.032447 0.021223 0.025427 0.034571 0.034940 0.034123 0.033252 0.029485 0.030742 0.020929 40

31 0.031309 0.034221 0.021223 0.023639 0.034250 0.032925 0.031735 0.030499 0.029264 0.028080 0.020415 41

32 0.032818 0.034533 0.022313 0.022341 0.034874 0.033461 0.031888 0.030964 0.029237 0.026755 0.020653 42

33 0.036287 0.036735 0.023323 0.024307 0.034118 0.033775 0.032502 0.030012 0.028474 0.025268 0.020092 43

34 0.037956 0.036788 0.023302 0.024326 0.033417 0.031187 0.030138 0.028061 0.027361 0.026255 0.020348 44

35 0.039869 0.036768 0.024339 0.023171 0.033576 0.032157 0.030932 0.027376 0.026683 0.027281 0.021330 45

36 0.040061 0.038575 0.023587 0.025979 0.032334 0.031115 0.029658 0.027591 0.026626 0.026043 0.021693 46

37 0.039505 0.038764 0.025207 0.025427 0.030212 0.030655 0.029970 0.027728 0.027080 0.025595 0.022040 47

38 0.040599 0.038953 0.026225 0.025590 0.030553 0.029498 0.028429 0.027208 0.027985 0.026284 0.022278 48

39 0.045417 0.040974 0.025646 0.025583 0.029640 0.031103 0.027925 0.027587 0.027583 0.026127 0.022597 49

40 0.044523 0.040854 0.024945 0.026321 0.029965 0.028984 0.028669 0.028579 0.026095 0.027068 0.024078 50

41 0.047052 0.040234 0.026075 0.025646 0.030233 0.031527 0.030563 0.027602 0.027076 0.027422 0.024279 51

42 0.050433 0.042996 0.028382 0.027861 0.029919 0.030986 0.028858 0.027916 0.027703 0.027151 0.025180 52

43 0.051102 0.042323 0.028519 0.027831 0.031020 0.029745 0.028763 0.029509 0.028371 0.029377 0.026485 53

44 0.050094 0.044438 0.029911 0.027754 0.032330 0.029184 0.029846 0.027301 0.028033 0.029850 0.026881 54

45 0.054614 0.045704 0.030963 0.028604 0.032129 0.029520 0.029429 0.029481 0.029907 0.029304 0.027941 55

46 0.058206 0.047692 0.030850 0.030552 0.032377 0.031151 0.031119 0.031018 0.031511 0.032196 0.030086 56

47 0.063462 0.046510 0.032162 0.030869 0.033828 0.032518 0.030996 0.031045 0.031918 0.033262 0.031055 57

48 0.067095 0.049672 0.034025 0.033335 0.034577 0.033223 0.033951 0.031602 0.033822 0.034412 0.032718 58

49 0.066957 0.048744 0.034270 0.033134 0.034682 0.033094 0.034441 0.034200 0.034926 0.035802 0.034308 59

50 0.045501 0.035969 0.028178 0.028412 0.030868 0.031138 0.031049 0.032619 0.032766 0.035039 0.036272 60

51 0.058315 0.042406 0.031881 0.030579 0.034755 0.034032 0.032879 0.033973 0.036439 0.035911 0.037196 61

52 0.061409 0.044431 0.033473 0.031441 0.035786 0.034973 0.034951 0.036110 0.037404 0.038523 0.038383 62

53 0.067248 0.045416 0.034736 0.033999 0.037557 0.035970 0.037640 0.036842 0.038470 0.038846 0.040298 63

54 0.066370 0.045482 0.035197 0.035237 0.037225 0.038167 0.037333 0.038630 0.039059 0.039128 0.041258 64

55 0.048408 0.035656 0.030615 0.031434 0.033696 0.034610 0.035191 0.036937 0.036298 0.037926 0.038351 65

56 0.058539 0.041611 0.033832 0.034445 0.036230 0.038260 0.036749 0.038869 0.038348 0.035746 0.045059 66

57 0.060546 0.043057 0.034316 0.034770 0.037395 0.038909 0.038421 0.038187 0.034903 0.042421 0.047487 67

58 0.062695 0.043273 0.036194 0.035787 0.038034 0.038250 0.039352 0.034975 0.040418 0.045527 0.049702 68

59 0.063498 0.043454 0.036323 0.036347 0.037816 0.038569 0.035386 0.040803 0.043175 0.047763 0.053008 69

60 0.062406 0.043947 0.036204 0.035855 0.037331 0.034990 0.040359 0.042692 0.046129 0.048749 0.055901 70

61 0.070997 0.047857 0.039051 0.037595 0.035850 0.039888 0.042919 0.045085 0.049417 0.051915 0.059338 71

62 0.073611 0.049767 0.040635 0.038596 0.040118 0.043727 0.045933 0.048901 0.053295 0.055304 0.062607 72

63 0.086551 0.058346 0.045567 0.044064 0.045420 0.047896 0.053293 0.052163 0.057833 0.058613 0.067118 73

64 0.103002 0.062307 0.051048 0.049513 0.050920 0.052707 0.057641 0.057725 0.060401 0.066597 0.071461 74

65 0.111494 0.065839 0.055680 0.050139 0.051346 0.056072 0.056916 0.059350 0.063215 0.073825 0.075068 75

q[ ] x + t
62

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the probability of death or recovery from disability during the (t+1) year of entitlement for those originally entitled

to benefits at entl age [x] who have attained age [x]+t. Values are derived from death probabilities (table 7B) and recovery probabilities (table 14B).

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 7C for death probabilities beyond attained age 75.

Table 21B.—Female Disabled Workers

Probability of Death or Recovery Termination

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 0.016234 0.034574 0.026088 0.016759 0.047522 0.089105 0.074737 0.072837 0.058659 0.055935 0.048297 26

17 0.015505 0.027500 0.020814 0.018845 0.050005 0.078452 0.069894 0.066054 0.057815 0.053209 0.046435 27

18 0.014849 0.021328 0.016799 0.021121 0.051289 0.066140 0.062999 0.058561 0.056581 0.048156 0.041729 28

19 0.014131 0.016597 0.014975 0.022783 0.048910 0.055362 0.054953 0.049331 0.049554 0.041982 0.034700 29

20 0.015185 0.015322 0.014320 0.021658 0.042811 0.046158 0.045627 0.043294 0.039063 0.035279 0.030490 30

21 0.015570 0.017014 0.013741 0.019612 0.039725 0.043504 0.044436 0.038213 0.034456 0.029756 0.026911 31

22 0.017121 0.019526 0.014685 0.020842 0.035524 0.041267 0.040038 0.031671 0.029391 0.028325 0.024283 32

23 0.019005 0.020745 0.014481 0.021347 0.035035 0.036890 0.037038 0.030725 0.028912 0.026309 0.023064 33

24 0.020134 0.024292 0.014619 0.020561 0.035875 0.035055 0.035567 0.031395 0.027512 0.027600 0.022900 34

25 0.024194 0.023686 0.016238 0.022660 0.036836 0.034648 0.036323 0.032782 0.029405 0.025468 0.023831 35

26 0.024805 0.027020 0.018096 0.022489 0.035724 0.034225 0.034681 0.031637 0.030587 0.028681 0.021543 36

27 0.026163 0.028725 0.019272 0.022141 0.033599 0.033335 0.030847 0.031077 0.028210 0.028459 0.021523 37

28 0.028307 0.028814 0.018523 0.021162 0.031358 0.032966 0.032782 0.028940 0.030237 0.027369 0.021442 38

29 0.027978 0.027753 0.018310 0.021863 0.033336 0.033334 0.029562 0.028819 0.027094 0.026610 0.020987 39

30 0.028231 0.029098 0.019052 0.021870 0.031455 0.031266 0.028879 0.027778 0.026533 0.025243 0.020918 40

31 0.029415 0.029845 0.018235 0.021438 0.029256 0.029204 0.029235 0.028574 0.028293 0.023977 0.020543 41

32 0.030051 0.032220 0.019050 0.020023 0.028748 0.029142 0.027665 0.028652 0.027010 0.023141 0.020106 42

33 0.029445 0.032641 0.019823 0.020786 0.028098 0.028280 0.027096 0.027436 0.024477 0.024031 0.019491 43

34 0.030663 0.031051 0.019184 0.020915 0.027944 0.027924 0.028161 0.025968 0.023179 0.022748 0.019521 44

35 0.033664 0.032012 0.020025 0.020728 0.027493 0.027292 0.026845 0.023776 0.022243 0.022482 0.019334 45

36 0.034454 0.035236 0.020899 0.020734 0.026145 0.026713 0.025770 0.026054 0.022273 0.021975 0.019901 46

37 0.035953 0.034013 0.020007 0.021817 0.027177 0.026169 0.024651 0.024034 0.022883 0.021870 0.019558 47

38 0.035512 0.033700 0.021451 0.021198 0.026731 0.023417 0.024556 0.022810 0.021621 0.021250 0.019593 48

39 0.036140 0.033478 0.022787 0.020534 0.026658 0.023723 0.025214 0.023300 0.022944 0.020437 0.019205 49

40 0.036480 0.035685 0.023050 0.021460 0.027006 0.024064 0.024687 0.022031 0.021453 0.020372 0.019047 50

41 0.038483 0.036093 0.022811 0.021549 0.025848 0.023995 0.024399 0.022608 0.021365 0.020118 0.019803 51

42 0.040810 0.036429 0.022316 0.021454 0.026120 0.023875 0.021727 0.019919 0.021304 0.020415 0.019433 52

43 0.041388 0.037402 0.022038 0.021769 0.025124 0.022838 0.021784 0.021900 0.021443 0.019804 0.020288 53

44 0.044856 0.037826 0.024350 0.022422 0.025917 0.023109 0.022554 0.023097 0.020484 0.021127 0.021165 54

45 0.043329 0.035878 0.023127 0.021878 0.025030 0.023045 0.022540 0.021616 0.019936 0.020095 0.020526 55

46 0.045658 0.038016 0.024279 0.021703 0.024839 0.023780 0.022757 0.021895 0.020724 0.020872 0.021658 56

47 0.046886 0.038848 0.025134 0.023543 0.026458 0.022399 0.021973 0.022143 0.021756 0.022249 0.022649 57

48 0.050577 0.040545 0.026288 0.023699 0.025269 0.022950 0.022590 0.023055 0.022221 0.023037 0.022778 58

49 0.051560 0.039427 0.026649 0.024839 0.024910 0.023746 0.022227 0.023618 0.022134 0.021722 0.023680 59

50 0.033724 0.026580 0.020659 0.020317 0.021729 0.021748 0.020991 0.021290 0.021312 0.021562 0.024498 60

51 0.045401 0.033569 0.023798 0.021702 0.023326 0.022185 0.023830 0.022417 0.023652 0.024740 0.025274 61

52 0.046146 0.034375 0.023198 0.022960 0.023903 0.022852 0.022859 0.022563 0.022821 0.025374 0.026519 62

53 0.048504 0.034740 0.025428 0.023594 0.025425 0.024862 0.024916 0.024186 0.024730 0.025370 0.027767 63

54 0.048500 0.035332 0.026784 0.023869 0.026709 0.025373 0.025465 0.025777 0.025844 0.026516 0.028829 64

55 0.035349 0.027061 0.021943 0.021346 0.024355 0.023072 0.023884 0.024703 0.025329 0.026059 0.025887 65

56 0.044578 0.030733 0.024680 0.023293 0.025884 0.024708 0.025755 0.026038 0.025329 0.025895 0.030752 66

57 0.045694 0.033357 0.025927 0.025052 0.026880 0.025632 0.026834 0.026332 0.025478 0.028576 0.033119 67

58 0.046189 0.033170 0.026326 0.025612 0.028223 0.027675 0.028284 0.026098 0.028621 0.031484 0.034762 68

59 0.047736 0.034481 0.027602 0.027108 0.029140 0.027166 0.025319 0.029290 0.032241 0.033679 0.037479 69

60 0.049477 0.035678 0.029180 0.027730 0.029309 0.025593 0.030388 0.029313 0.032648 0.034662 0.039671 70

61 0.058529 0.040593 0.032984 0.030348 0.028294 0.031439 0.032721 0.033417 0.035367 0.036805 0.042047 71

62 0.060914 0.044555 0.035905 0.031369 0.031906 0.033607 0.034874 0.036768 0.038034 0.040633 0.044776 72

63 0.073925 0.050448 0.040572 0.037834 0.038492 0.036660 0.039457 0.041140 0.043779 0.045797 0.047372 73

64 0.088716 0.054323 0.044822 0.041258 0.040225 0.041586 0.042668 0.045962 0.051512 0.052505 0.051127 74

65 0.098854 0.062360 0.048541 0.043026 0.042607 0.039181 0.040938 0.046000 0.061663 0.059327 0.055270 75

q[ ] x + t
63

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not died or recovered and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented

using probabilities from table 21A.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 22C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 22A.—Male Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 98,574 97,169 95,017 92,978 87,152 79,006 72,547 66,524 61,043 57,084 26

17 89,953 88,633 87,360 85,968 84,150 78,877 71,981 66,483 61,517 56,945 53,803 27

18 81,076 79,792 78,639 77,734 76,088 71,380 65,722 61,134 57,151 53,635 51,075 28

19 73,027 71,828 70,737 69,955 68,529 64,752 60,298 56,740 53,724 51,123 48,899 29

20 66,708 65,663 64,558 63,766 62,492 59,542 56,056 53,270 50,874 48,910 47,184 30

21 62,283 61,298 60,252 59,370 58,239 55,836 53,088 50,772 48,841 47,131 45,748 31

22 59,709 58,635 57,590 56,729 55,571 53,463 51,050 49,052 47,265 45,754 44,549 32

23 58,267 57,121 55,852 54,965 53,876 51,864 49,744 47,860 46,119 44,683 43,501 33

24 57,170 55,974 54,622 53,740 52,583 50,602 48,622 46,804 45,176 43,825 42,533 34

25 56,700 55,227 53,779 52,796 51,591 49,565 47,620 45,903 44,326 42,932 41,615 35

26 55,851 54,292 52,768 51,761 50,623 48,680 46,685 44,909 43,364 42,046 40,774 36

27 54,348 52,793 51,250 50,223 49,044 47,143 45,287 43,659 42,238 41,054 39,936 37

28 53,211 51,585 50,033 48,983 47,832 46,089 44,397 42,753 41,404 40,175 39,090 38

29 52,229 50,591 49,057 48,076 46,875 45,231 43,510 42,012 40,628 39,403 38,263 39

30 51,304 49,640 48,029 47,010 45,815 44,231 42,686 41,229 39,858 38,683 37,493 40

31 49,637 48,083 46,438 45,452 44,378 42,858 41,447 40,132 38,908 37,769 36,708 41

32 48,727 47,128 45,501 44,486 43,492 41,975 40,570 39,276 38,060 36,947 35,959 42

33 47,998 46,256 44,557 43,518 42,460 41,011 39,626 38,338 37,187 36,128 35,216 43

34 46,743 44,969 43,315 42,306 41,277 39,898 38,654 37,489 36,437 35,440 34,508 44

35 45,952 44,120 42,498 41,464 40,503 39,143 37,884 36,712 35,707 34,754 33,806 45

36 44,945 43,144 41,480 40,502 39,450 38,174 36,986 35,889 34,899 33,970 33,085 46

37 43,904 42,170 40,535 39,513 38,508 37,345 36,200 35,115 34,141 33,216 32,367 47

38 42,990 41,245 39,638 38,598 37,610 36,461 35,385 34,379 33,444 32,508 31,654 48

39 42,308 40,386 38,731 37,738 36,773 35,683 34,573 33,608 32,681 31,780 30,949 49

40 41,285 39,447 37,835 36,891 35,920 34,844 33,834 32,864 31,925 31,092 30,250 50

41 40,602 38,692 37,135 36,167 35,239 34,174 33,097 32,085 31,199 30,354 29,522 51

42 39,979 37,963 36,331 35,300 34,317 33,290 32,258 31,327 30,452 29,608 28,805 52

43 39,148 37,147 35,575 34,560 33,598 32,556 31,588 30,679 29,774 28,929 28,080 53

44 38,197 36,284 34,672 33,635 32,701 31,644 30,721 29,804 28,990 28,177 27,336 54

45 37,596 35,543 33,919 32,869 31,929 30,903 29,991 29,108 28,250 27,405 26,601 55

46 37,198 35,033 33,362 32,333 31,345 30,330 29,385 28,471 27,588 26,719 25,858 56

47 36,455 34,141 32,553 31,506 30,533 29,500 28,541 27,656 26,797 25,942 25,080 57

48 36,035 33,617 31,947 30,860 29,831 28,800 27,843 26,898 26,048 25,167 24,301 58

49 35,020 32,675 31,082 30,017 29,022 28,015 27,088 26,155 25,260 24,378 23,506 59

50 31,806 30,359 29,267 28,442 27,634 26,781 25,947 25,141 24,321 23,524 22,700 60

51 31,944 30,081 28,805 27,887 27,034 26,094 25,206 24,377 23,549 22,691 21,877 61

52 31,316 29,393 28,087 27,147 26,293 25,352 24,465 23,610 22,757 21,906 21,063 62

53 30,695 28,631 27,331 26,382 25,485 24,528 23,646 22,756 21,918 21,075 20,255 63

54 29,614 27,649 26,391 25,462 24,565 23,651 22,748 21,899 21,053 20,231 19,439 64

55 26,916 25,613 24,700 23,944 23,191 22,410 21,634 20,873 20,102 19,372 18,637 65

56 26,758 25,192 24,144 23,327 22,524 21,708 20,877 20,110 19,328 18,587 17,922 66

57 25,828 24,264 23,219 22,422 21,642 20,833 20,022 19,253 18,518 17,872 17,114 67

58 24,901 23,340 22,330 21,522 20,752 19,963 19,199 18,443 17,798 17,079 16,301 68

59 23,878 22,362 21,390 20,613 19,864 19,113 18,376 17,726 17,003 16,269 15,491 69

60 22,743 21,324 20,387 19,649 18,944 18,237 17,599 16,889 16,168 15,422 14,670 70

61 22,205 20,629 19,642 18,875 18,165 17,514 16,815 16,093 15,367 14,608 13,850 71

62 21,540 19,954 18,961 18,191 17,489 16,787 16,053 15,316 14,567 13,791 13,028 72

63 21,513 19,651 18,504 17,661 16,883 16,116 15,344 14,526 13,768 12,972 12,212 73

64 21,447 19,238 18,039 17,118 16,270 15,442 14,628 13,785 12,989 12,204 11,392 74

65 20,615 18,317 17,111 16,158 15,348 14,560 13,744 12,962 12,193 11,422 10,578 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
64

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration 0 represents an assumed number of lives originally entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x]; the value at duration

t > 0 represents the number of lives from the original who have not died or recovered and remain on the rolls as of attained age [x]+t. Lives are decremented

using probabilities from table 21B.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 22C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 22B.—Female Disabled Workers

Benefit Continuance Table

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 100,000 98,377 94,976 92,498 90,948 86,626 78,907 73,010 67,692 63,721 60,157 26

17 91,749 90,326 87,842 86,014 84,393 80,173 73,883 68,719 64,180 60,469 57,252 27

18 83,833 82,588 80,827 79,469 77,791 73,801 68,920 64,578 60,796 57,356 54,594 28

19 76,274 75,196 73,948 72,841 71,181 67,700 63,952 60,438 57,457 54,610 52,316 29

20 69,881 68,820 67,766 66,796 65,349 62,551 59,664 56,942 54,477 52,349 50,501 30

21 66,170 65,140 64,032 63,152 61,913 59,454 56,868 54,341 52,264 50,463 48,961 31

22 63,213 62,131 60,918 60,023 58,772 56,684 54,345 52,169 50,517 49,032 47,643 32

23 61,171 60,008 58,763 57,912 56,676 54,690 52,672 50,721 49,163 47,742 46,486 33

24 59,888 58,682 57,256 56,419 55,259 53,277 51,409 49,581 48,024 46,703 45,414 34

25 59,097 57,667 56,301 55,387 54,132 52,138 50,332 48,504 46,914 45,534 44,374 35

26 58,025 56,586 55,057 54,061 52,845 50,957 49,213 47,506 46,003 44,596 43,317 36

27 56,416 54,940 53,362 52,334 51,175 49,456 47,807 46,332 44,892 43,626 42,384 37

28 55,124 53,564 52,021 51,057 49,977 48,410 46,814 45,279 43,969 42,640 41,472 38

29 53,622 52,122 50,675 49,747 48,659 47,037 45,469 44,125 42,853 41,692 40,583 39

30 52,212 50,738 49,262 48,323 47,266 45,779 44,348 43,067 41,871 40,760 39,731 40

31 51,018 49,517 48,039 47,163 46,152 44,802 43,494 42,222 41,016 39,856 38,900 41

32 49,880 48,381 46,822 45,930 45,010 43,716 42,442 41,268 40,086 39,003 38,101 42

33 48,697 47,263 45,720 44,814 43,882 42,649 41,443 40,320 39,214 38,254 37,335 43

34 47,534 46,076 44,645 43,789 42,873 41,675 40,511 39,370 38,348 37,459 36,607 44

35 46,550 44,983 43,543 42,671 41,787 40,638 39,529 38,468 37,553 36,718 35,892 45

36 45,824 44,245 42,686 41,794 40,927 39,857 38,792 37,792 36,807 35,987 35,198 46

37 44,836 43,224 41,754 40,919 40,026 38,938 37,919 36,984 36,095 35,269 34,498 47

38 43,674 42,123 40,703 39,830 38,986 37,944 37,055 36,145 35,321 34,557 33,823 48

39 42,949 41,397 40,011 39,099 38,296 37,275 36,391 35,473 34,646 33,851 33,160 49

40 42,171 40,633 39,183 38,280 37,459 36,447 35,570 34,692 33,928 33,200 32,523 50

41 41,412 39,818 38,381 37,505 36,697 35,748 34,890 34,039 33,269 32,558 31,904 51

42 40,473 38,821 37,407 36,572 35,787 34,852 34,020 33,281 32,618 31,923 31,272 52

43 39,732 38,088 36,663 35,855 35,074 34,193 33,412 32,684 31,968 31,283 30,664 53

44 39,340 37,575 36,154 35,274 34,483 33,589 32,813 32,073 31,332 30,690 30,042 54

45 38,141 36,488 35,179 34,365 33,613 32,772 32,017 31,295 30,619 30,009 29,406 55

46 37,670 35,950 34,583 33,743 33,011 32,191 31,425 30,710 30,038 29,415 28,802 56

47 37,116 35,376 34,002 33,147 32,367 31,511 30,805 30,128 29,461 28,820 28,178 57

48 36,610 34,758 33,349 32,472 31,702 30,901 30,192 29,510 28,830 28,189 27,540 58

49 35,799 33,953 32,614 31,745 30,956 30,185 29,468 28,813 28,132 27,509 26,913 59

50 33,160 32,042 31,190 30,546 29,925 29,275 28,638 28,037 27,440 26,855 26,276 60

51 33,525 32,003 30,929 30,193 29,538 28,849 28,209 27,537 26,920 26,283 25,632 61

52 32,760 31,248 30,174 29,474 28,797 28,109 27,467 26,839 26,233 25,634 24,984 62

53 32,377 30,807 29,737 28,981 28,297 27,578 26,892 26,222 25,588 24,955 24,321 63

54 31,751 30,211 29,144 28,363 27,686 26,947 26,263 25,594 24,934 24,290 23,646 64

55 29,677 28,628 27,853 27,242 26,660 26,011 25,411 24,804 24,191 23,578 22,964 65

56 29,628 28,307 27,437 26,760 26,137 25,460 24,831 24,191 23,561 22,964 22,370 66

57 29,099 27,769 26,843 26,147 25,492 24,807 24,171 23,522 22,903 22,319 21,682 67

58 28,483 27,167 26,266 25,575 24,920 24,217 23,547 22,881 22,284 21,646 20,964 68

59 27,838 26,509 25,595 24,889 24,214 23,508 22,869 22,290 21,637 20,939 20,235 69

60 27,080 25,740 24,822 24,098 23,430 22,743 22,161 21,488 20,858 20,177 19,477 70

61 27,011 25,430 24,398 23,593 22,877 22,230 21,531 20,826 20,130 19,418 18,704 71

62 26,642 25,019 23,904 23,046 22,323 21,611 20,885 20,157 19,416 18,678 17,918 72

63 27,088 25,086 23,820 22,854 21,989 21,143 20,368 19,564 18,759 17,938 17,116 73

64 27,364 24,936 23,581 22,524 21,595 20,726 19,864 19,016 18,142 17,207 16,305 74

65 27,069 24,393 22,872 21,762 20,826 19,939 19,158 18,374 17,529 16,448 15,471 75

l[ ] x l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x
65

Notes:

1. The value at attained age x represents the number of lives remaining from those originally entitled to

disability benefits who have attained that particular age. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain

on the DI rolls until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily

switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. Lives are decremented using probabilities from table 7C. Values are an extension of the ultimate column

of tables 22A and 22B.

Table 22C.—Disabled Workers Age 76 and Older

Benefit Continuance Table

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age Male Female

76 9,784 14,616

77 8,997 13,748

78 8,227 12,875

79 7,474 11,991

80 6,739 11,093

81 6,033 10,200

82 5,351 9,298

83 4,698 8,419

84 4,079 7,547

85 3,506 6,707

86 2,973 5,888

87 2,480 5,118

88 2,041 4,388

89 1,656 3,703

90 1,314 3,086

91 1,021 2,524

92 781 2,027

93 586 1,610

94 429 1,247

95 310 947

96 222 700

97 156 503

98 107 356

99 72 246

100 47 166

101 30 109

102 19 70

103 11 44

104 6 27

105 3 16

106 2 9

107 1 5

108 0 3

109 0 1

110 0 0
66

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the combined DI and OASI rolls for those originally

entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have not died or recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from tables 22A

and 22C.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 9C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 23A.—Male Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on Combined DI and OASI Rolls

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 23.91 23.25 22.58 22.08 21.55 21.96 23.17 24.19 25.33 26.56 27.37 26

17 25.13 24.50 23.85 23.23 22.72 23.20 24.38 25.35 26.36 27.43 28.01 27

18 26.42 25.83 25.21 24.49 24.01 24.56 25.63 26.52 27.33 28.09 28.48 28

19 27.84 27.30 26.71 26.00 25.53 25.99 26.88 27.53 28.05 28.45 28.72 29

20 29.06 28.51 27.99 27.33 26.88 27.19 27.85 28.28 28.59 28.71 28.75 30

21 29.84 29.32 28.82 28.24 27.77 27.95 28.37 28.64 28.75 28.78 28.63 31

22 30.01 29.55 29.08 28.51 28.10 28.19 28.49 28.63 28.70 28.63 28.39 32

23 29.75 29.34 29.00 28.46 28.02 28.09 28.26 28.36 28.41 28.31 28.06 33

24 29.38 28.99 28.70 28.16 27.77 27.84 27.95 28.02 28.01 27.86 27.69 34

25 28.72 28.47 28.23 27.74 27.38 27.48 27.58 27.59 27.56 27.44 27.29 35

26 28.25 28.05 27.84 27.38 26.98 27.04 27.17 27.23 27.18 27.01 26.84 36

27 28.04 27.85 27.67 27.23 26.87 26.94 27.02 27.01 26.90 26.66 26.39 37

28 27.70 27.56 27.40 26.97 26.61 26.60 26.59 26.60 26.45 26.24 25.95 38

29 27.31 27.18 27.02 26.56 26.22 26.16 26.17 26.09 25.96 25.75 25.51 39

30 26.89 26.78 26.66 26.22 25.89 25.80 25.72 25.61 25.47 25.23 25.02 40

31 26.79 26.64 26.56 26.13 25.75 25.64 25.50 25.32 25.10 24.84 24.54 41

32 26.36 26.24 26.16 25.74 25.32 25.22 25.07 24.88 24.66 24.39 24.04 42

33 25.83 25.78 25.75 25.35 24.97 24.83 24.68 24.50 24.24 23.93 23.54 43

34 25.56 25.54 25.50 25.10 24.71 24.55 24.32 24.06 23.74 23.39 23.01 44

35 25.08 25.10 25.04 24.66 24.23 24.05 23.84 23.58 23.23 22.85 22.48 45

36 24.70 24.71 24.68 24.26 23.90 23.68 23.42 23.12 22.77 22.37 21.96 46

37 24.34 24.32 24.28 23.90 23.51 23.22 22.94 22.64 22.27 21.88 21.44 47

38 23.92 23.91 23.86 23.49 23.10 22.81 22.49 22.13 21.73 21.34 20.91 48

39 23.38 23.47 23.45 23.05 22.64 22.32 22.02 21.64 21.24 20.83 20.37 49

40 23.02 23.07 23.03 22.61 22.20 21.87 21.51 21.13 20.74 20.28 19.83 50

41 22.49 22.58 22.50 22.09 21.66 21.32 21.00 20.64 20.22 19.77 19.31 51

42 21.91 22.05 22.02 21.65 21.25 20.89 20.55 20.14 19.71 19.25 18.78 52

43 21.47 21.60 21.53 21.15 20.74 20.39 20.00 19.57 19.15 18.70 18.25 53

44 21.05 21.13 21.09 20.73 20.31 19.97 19.55 19.14 18.66 18.19 17.73 54

45 20.47 20.63 20.59 20.23 19.81 19.46 19.03 18.59 18.14 17.69 17.21 55

46 19.83 20.02 20.00 19.62 19.22 18.85 18.44 18.02 17.58 17.13 16.69 56

47 19.31 19.59 19.52 19.15 18.74 18.38 17.98 17.54 17.09 16.63 16.19 57

48 18.66 18.97 18.93 18.58 18.21 17.84 17.44 17.03 16.57 16.14 15.69 58

49 18.29 18.56 18.49 18.13 17.73 17.35 16.93 16.51 16.08 15.64 15.21 59

50 18.96 18.84 18.52 18.05 17.56 17.10 16.64 16.15 15.68 15.19 14.73 60

51 17.99 18.07 17.85 17.42 16.96 16.55 16.12 15.65 15.18 14.73 14.26 61

52 17.43 17.54 17.33 16.91 16.44 16.04 15.60 15.15 14.69 14.25 13.80 62

53 16.85 17.03 16.81 16.40 15.96 15.56 15.12 14.70 14.24 13.79 13.33 63

54 16.49 16.62 16.39 15.97 15.54 15.12 14.70 14.25 13.80 13.34 12.86 64

55 16.93 16.76 16.37 15.87 15.37 14.88 14.40 13.91 13.42 12.91 12.40 65

56 16.10 16.07 15.75 15.28 14.81 14.35 13.90 13.41 12.93 12.43 11.87 66

57 15.67 15.65 15.33 14.86 14.38 13.91 13.46 12.97 12.47 11.90 11.41 67

58 15.24 15.23 14.89 14.44 13.95 13.48 13.00 12.51 11.95 11.43 10.95 68

59 14.87 14.84 14.49 14.02 13.53 13.04 12.55 11.99 11.48 10.97 10.50 69

60 14.55 14.48 14.13 13.64 13.13 12.62 12.06 11.54 11.03 10.54 10.06 70

61 13.92 13.94 13.62 13.15 12.64 12.10 11.58 11.08 10.58 10.10 9.62 71

62 13.38 13.41 13.08 12.61 12.10 11.59 11.09 10.60 10.12 9.66 9.20 72

63 12.53 12.67 12.42 11.99 11.52 11.05 10.58 10.14 9.67 9.24 8.78 73

64 11.73 12.02 11.78 11.39 10.96 10.52 10.08 9.66 9.22 8.79 8.38 74

65 11.25 11.60 11.38 11.02 10.57 10.12 9.69 9.24 8.80 8.36 7.98 75

e[ ] x + t
67

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Experience after NRA reflects workers who remain on the DI rolls

until NRA and then convert to the OASI rolls thereafter, as well as workers who voluntarily switch from DI to OASI prior to NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the combined DI and OASI rolls for those originally

entitled to disability benefits at entl age [x] who have not died or recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from tables 22B

and 22C.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement. See

table 9C for attained ages beyond age 75.

Table 23B.—Female Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on Combined DI and OASI Rolls

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 26.10 25.52 25.42 25.09 24.51 24.70 26.07 27.14 28.23 28.96 29.64 26

17 27.19 26.61 26.35 25.90 25.39 25.70 26.85 27.83 28.76 29.49 30.12 27

18 28.44 27.86 27.45 26.91 26.48 26.89 27.76 28.59 29.34 30.07 30.56 28

19 29.85 29.27 28.76 28.19 27.83 28.24 28.86 29.51 30.02 30.55 30.87 29

20 31.18 30.65 30.12 29.55 29.19 29.47 29.88 30.28 30.63 30.85 30.96 30

21 31.72 31.22 30.75 30.17 29.76 29.98 30.32 30.70 30.90 30.99 30.92 31

22 32.05 31.60 31.21 30.67 30.31 30.41 30.70 30.96 30.96 30.88 30.76 32

23 32.05 31.67 31.33 30.78 30.44 30.53 30.68 30.84 30.80 30.70 30.52 33

24 31.76 31.40 31.17 30.63 30.26 30.36 30.45 30.55 30.53 30.38 30.23 34

25 31.24 31.01 30.75 30.25 29.94 30.06 30.12 30.24 30.25 30.15 29.92 35

26 30.87 30.65 30.48 30.04 29.72 29.80 29.84 29.89 29.85 29.78 29.64 36

27 30.74 30.56 30.44 30.03 29.70 29.72 29.72 29.65 29.59 29.43 29.28 37

28 30.50 30.37 30.26 29.82 29.45 29.39 29.38 29.35 29.21 29.11 28.91 38

29 30.35 30.21 30.06 29.61 29.26 29.26 29.25 29.12 28.97 28.76 28.54 39

30 30.17 30.03 29.92 29.49 29.14 29.07 28.99 28.84 28.65 28.42 28.14 40

31 29.91 29.80 29.70 29.24 28.87 28.73 28.58 28.42 28.24 28.05 27.73 41

32 29.61 29.51 29.47 29.04 28.62 28.45 28.29 28.08 27.90 27.66 27.30 42

33 29.35 29.22 29.19 28.77 28.37 28.18 27.98 27.75 27.51 27.19 26.85 43

34 29.08 28.98 28.90 28.45 28.05 27.84 27.63 27.41 27.13 26.76 26.37 44

35 28.71 28.69 28.62 28.20 27.78 27.55 27.31 27.05 26.70 26.30 25.89 45

36 28.22 28.21 28.22 27.81 27.39 27.11 26.84 26.54 26.24 25.82 25.39 46

37 27.87 27.89 27.86 27.41 27.01 26.76 26.46 26.12 25.75 25.34 24.90 47

38 27.62 27.61 27.56 27.15 26.73 26.45 26.07 25.72 25.30 24.85 24.38 48

39 27.14 27.14 27.06 26.68 26.23 25.94 25.55 25.20 24.79 24.36 23.86 49

40 26.68 26.67 26.64 26.25 25.82 25.52 25.14 24.76 24.31 23.83 23.32 50

41 26.22 26.25 26.21 25.81 25.37 25.03 24.63 24.23 23.78 23.29 22.76 51

42 25.84 25.91 25.88 25.45 25.00 24.66 24.25 23.78 23.25 22.75 22.21 52

43 25.37 25.44 25.41 24.97 24.52 24.14 23.69 23.21 22.72 22.20 21.64 53

44 24.70 24.84 24.80 24.40 23.95 23.58 23.12 22.64 22.17 21.62 21.08 54

45 24.48 24.56 24.46 24.03 23.55 23.15 22.68 22.19 21.67 21.10 20.52 55

46 23.86 23.97 23.90 23.48 22.99 22.57 22.11 21.61 21.08 20.52 19.94 56

47 23.28 23.40 23.33 22.92 22.46 22.05 21.55 21.02 20.49 19.93 19.37 57

48 22.67 22.85 22.80 22.40 21.93 21.49 20.98 20.45 19.92 19.37 18.81 58

49 22.22 22.40 22.30 21.90 21.44 20.98 20.48 19.93 19.40 18.83 18.24 59

50 22.86 22.64 22.24 21.70 21.14 20.60 20.04 19.46 18.87 18.28 17.67 60

51 21.72 21.73 21.47 20.98 20.44 19.91 19.35 18.81 18.23 17.66 17.10 61

52 21.24 21.24 20.98 20.47 19.94 19.41 18.85 18.28 17.70 17.10 16.53 62

53 20.56 20.58 20.31 19.82 19.29 18.78 18.25 17.70 17.13 16.55 15.97 63

54 20.01 20.01 19.72 19.25 18.71 18.21 17.67 17.12 16.56 15.99 15.41 64

55 20.28 20.00 19.54 18.97 18.37 17.82 17.23 16.64 16.05 15.45 14.85 65

56 19.37 19.25 18.85 18.31 17.74 17.20 16.62 16.05 15.46 14.85 14.23 66

57 18.75 18.63 18.25 17.72 17.17 16.63 16.05 15.48 14.89 14.26 13.67 67

58 18.19 18.05 17.65 17.12 16.55 16.02 15.46 14.90 14.28 13.69 13.12 68

59 17.63 17.49 17.10 16.57 16.02 15.48 14.90 14.28 13.69 13.13 12.57 69

60 17.11 16.97 16.58 16.07 15.51 14.96 14.34 13.78 13.18 12.61 12.04 70

61 16.24 16.22 15.89 15.41 14.88 14.30 13.74 13.19 12.63 12.08 11.52 71

62 15.56 15.53 15.23 14.78 14.24 13.70 13.16 12.61 12.08 11.53 11.00 72

63 14.52 14.64 14.39 13.97 13.50 13.02 12.50 11.99 11.49 10.99 10.49 73

64 13.61 13.88 13.65 13.27 12.82 12.33 11.85 11.35 10.88 10.44 9.99 74

65 12.91 13.28 13.13 12.77 12.32 11.85 11.31 10.77 10.27 9.91 9.50 75

e[ ] x + t
68

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Death or recovery are not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the DI rolls for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not died or recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from table 22A, however, entitlement

is not considered after conversion to old-age benefits.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 24A.—Male Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 21.78 21.09 20.39 19.84 19.26 19.51 20.48 21.25 22.13 23.08 23.64 26

17 22.77 22.10 21.41 20.75 20.19 20.50 21.42 22.15 22.90 23.70 24.05 27

18 23.79 23.17 22.50 21.76 21.22 21.58 22.40 23.04 23.61 24.13 24.31 28

19 24.93 24.33 23.70 22.96 22.43 22.71 23.35 23.78 24.09 24.29 24.37 29

20 25.87 25.27 24.70 24.00 23.48 23.62 24.05 24.28 24.40 24.36 24.24 30

21 26.43 25.84 25.28 24.65 24.12 24.14 24.36 24.45 24.40 24.26 23.98 31

22 26.45 25.92 25.39 24.76 24.27 24.21 24.33 24.30 24.20 23.98 23.61 32

23 26.10 25.62 25.19 24.59 24.07 23.99 23.99 23.91 23.80 23.55 23.17 33

24 25.66 25.19 24.80 24.20 23.73 23.63 23.58 23.47 23.30 23.00 22.69 34

25 24.97 24.62 24.27 23.71 23.26 23.19 23.11 22.96 22.76 22.48 22.18 35

26 24.44 24.13 23.81 23.27 22.78 22.67 22.61 22.49 22.27 21.95 21.62 36

27 24.13 23.82 23.52 22.99 22.54 22.42 22.32 22.14 21.86 21.48 21.07 37

28 23.70 23.43 23.15 22.63 22.16 21.98 21.80 21.62 21.31 20.94 20.51 38

29 23.24 22.98 22.68 22.13 21.69 21.46 21.28 21.03 20.72 20.35 19.94 39

30 22.74 22.49 22.23 21.70 21.25 20.99 20.74 20.45 20.14 19.73 19.34 40

31 22.50 22.21 21.98 21.45 20.95 20.68 20.36 20.02 19.63 19.21 18.75 41

32 21.99 21.72 21.48 20.96 20.43 20.15 19.83 19.46 19.07 18.63 18.13 42

33 21.40 21.18 20.97 20.46 19.96 19.64 19.31 18.95 18.52 18.04 17.50 43

34 21.00 20.81 20.59 20.07 19.56 19.21 18.82 18.39 17.90 17.39 16.85 44

35 20.45 20.28 20.04 19.52 18.98 18.62 18.22 17.79 17.27 16.73 16.19 45

36 19.96 19.78 19.55 19.01 18.50 18.11 17.67 17.20 16.67 16.11 15.53 46

37 19.50 19.28 19.03 18.51 17.98 17.53 17.07 16.58 16.04 15.47 14.86 47

38 18.97 18.75 18.49 17.98 17.44 16.97 16.47 15.94 15.37 14.80 14.19 48

39 18.35 18.20 17.96 17.41 16.86 16.36 15.87 15.31 14.73 14.13 13.50 49

40 17.87 17.67 17.41 16.84 16.28 15.77 15.22 14.66 14.07 13.44 12.80 50

41 17.25 17.08 16.77 16.21 15.62 15.09 14.57 14.01 13.40 12.76 12.10 51

42 16.59 16.45 16.16 15.62 15.05 14.50 13.95 13.35 12.72 12.07 11.39 52

43 16.03 15.87 15.55 14.99 14.41 13.85 13.26 12.64 12.01 11.34 10.67 53

44 15.48 15.27 14.96 14.40 13.80 13.25 12.63 12.00 11.32 10.64 9.95 54

45 14.82 14.64 14.32 13.76 13.15 12.57 11.94 11.29 10.61 9.92 9.21 55

46 14.11 13.95 13.62 13.04 12.44 11.84 11.20 10.54 9.87 9.17 8.46 56

47 13.47 13.35 12.98 12.40 11.77 11.17 10.53 9.85 9.15 8.43 7.71 57

48 12.76 12.64 12.28 11.69 11.08 10.45 9.80 9.12 8.40 7.68 6.94 58

49 12.21 12.05 11.64 11.04 10.40 9.76 9.07 8.38 7.66 6.92 6.16 59

50 12.27 11.83 11.25 10.57 9.86 9.16 8.44 7.69 6.93 6.15 5.36 60

51 11.33 11.00 10.47 9.79 9.09 8.40 7.67 6.92 6.14 5.36 4.54 61

52 10.63 10.30 9.75 9.07 8.35 7.64 6.90 6.13 5.35 4.53 3.69 62

53 9.92 9.60 9.03 8.33 7.61 6.89 6.13 5.35 4.53 3.69 2.82 63

54 9.30 8.93 8.33 7.62 6.88 6.12 5.35 4.53 3.70 2.82 1.92 64

55 9.02 8.46 7.75 6.98 6.19 5.39 4.57 3.71 2.84 1.92 0.98 65

56 8.15 7.63 6.94 6.16 5.36 4.55 3.71 2.83 1.93 0.98 — 66

57 7.43 6.88 6.17 5.37 4.55 3.70 2.83 1.93 0.98 — — 67

58 6.70 6.12 5.37 4.55 3.70 2.83 1.92 0.98 — — — 68

59 5.97 5.34 4.56 3.71 2.83 1.93 0.98 — — — — 69

60 5.22 4.53 3.72 2.84 1.93 0.98 — — — — — 70

61 4.38 3.67 2.83 1.93 0.98 — — — — — — 71

62 3.56 2.80 1.92 0.98 — — — — — — — 72

63 2.68 1.89 0.98 — — — — — — — — 73

64 1.82 0.97 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.94 — — — — — — — — — — 75

e[ ] x + t
69

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits. Duration measured in years since entitlement. Attained age calculated as sum of entl age

and duration. Results do not include auxiliary beneficiaries payable under the DI program. Death or recovery are not considered beyond NRA.

2. The value at duration t represents the average number of future years a beneficiary will remain on the DI rolls for those originally entitled to disability

benefits at entl age [x] who have not died or recovered as of attained age [x]+t. Values are based on continuance experience from table 22B, however, entitlement

is not considered after conversion to old-age benefits.

3. Select-and-ultimate table is read across the row for 0-10 years of entitlement, and down the last (ultimate) column for 10 or more years of entitlement.

Table 24B.—Female Disabled Workers

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Completed duration of disability entitlement

Attained

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 age

10 or 

more

16 22.92 22.29 22.07 21.64 21.01 21.03 22.04 22.78 23.53 23.96 24.35 26

17 23.72 23.09 22.73 22.20 21.62 21.73 22.54 23.19 23.80 24.23 24.56 27

18 24.64 24.00 23.52 22.91 22.39 22.58 23.14 23.66 24.10 24.52 24.73 28

19 25.68 25.04 24.45 23.81 23.36 23.53 23.88 24.24 24.48 24.73 24.79 29

20 26.62 26.02 25.42 24.78 24.32 24.39 24.54 24.69 24.79 24.77 24.66 30

21 26.91 26.33 25.78 25.13 24.62 24.62 24.72 24.84 24.81 24.68 24.42 31

22 27.01 26.47 25.99 25.37 24.90 24.80 24.84 24.86 24.65 24.39 24.08 32

23 26.85 26.36 25.91 25.28 24.82 24.71 24.63 24.56 24.32 24.03 23.67 33

24 26.44 25.98 25.61 24.98 24.50 24.39 24.26 24.13 23.90 23.56 23.22 34

25 25.86 25.49 25.09 24.50 24.05 23.96 23.80 23.67 23.46 23.16 22.75 35

26 25.39 25.02 24.70 24.15 23.69 23.55 23.37 23.19 22.93 22.64 22.29 36

27 25.10 24.76 24.48 23.95 23.48 23.28 23.07 22.78 22.50 22.14 21.77 37

28 24.72 24.43 24.14 23.58 23.08 22.81 22.58 22.32 21.97 21.64 21.24 38

29 24.42 24.10 23.78 23.21 22.72 22.49 22.25 21.91 21.54 21.13 20.69 39

30 24.08 23.76 23.46 22.90 22.40 22.12 21.81 21.45 21.05 20.61 20.13 40

31 23.67 23.37 23.07 22.49 21.98 21.62 21.26 20.88 20.48 20.06 19.55 41

32 23.23 22.93 22.68 22.11 21.55 21.17 20.79 20.37 19.95 19.50 18.94 42

33 22.81 22.48 22.23 21.67 21.12 20.71 20.30 19.85 19.40 18.87 18.32 43

34 22.38 22.08 21.77 21.18 20.62 20.20 19.77 19.33 18.83 18.26 17.68 44

35 21.87 21.61 21.31 20.74 20.16 19.72 19.26 18.78 18.22 17.63 17.02 45

36 21.27 21.01 20.76 20.19 19.61 19.12 18.64 18.12 17.59 16.98 16.35 46

37 20.77 20.53 20.23 19.63 19.06 18.58 18.07 17.51 16.93 16.31 15.67 47

38 20.33 20.06 19.74 19.16 18.56 18.06 17.48 16.91 16.29 15.64 14.97 48

39 19.73 19.45 19.11 18.54 17.92 17.40 16.81 16.23 15.60 14.96 14.26 49

40 19.13 18.84 18.51 17.94 17.32 16.79 16.19 15.59 14.93 14.24 13.53 50

41 18.53 18.25 17.92 17.32 16.69 16.12 15.51 14.88 14.22 13.51 12.78 51

42 17.97 17.71 17.37 16.75 16.11 15.53 14.89 14.21 13.49 12.77 12.03 52

43 17.36 17.08 16.73 16.10 15.44 14.83 14.16 13.47 12.76 12.03 11.26 53

44 16.61 16.37 15.99 15.38 14.72 14.10 13.42 12.72 12.01 11.25 10.48 54

45 16.13 15.84 15.41 14.76 14.08 13.43 12.74 12.02 11.27 10.49 9.70 55

46 15.41 15.12 14.70 14.05 13.35 12.68 11.98 11.24 10.48 9.69 8.89 56

47 14.71 14.40 13.97 13.31 12.62 11.95 11.21 10.45 9.68 8.88 8.08 57

48 13.98 13.69 13.25 12.60 11.89 11.19 10.44 9.67 8.88 8.07 7.25 58

49 13.33 13.03 12.54 11.87 11.16 10.43 9.68 8.88 8.09 7.26 6.41 59

50 13.26 12.70 12.03 11.28 10.50 9.72 8.93 8.11 7.27 6.42 5.55 60

51 12.23 11.79 11.18 10.44 9.66 8.88 8.07 7.25 6.41 5.55 4.68 61

52 11.52 11.06 10.43 9.67 8.88 8.09 7.26 6.42 5.56 4.68 3.79 62

53 10.73 10.25 9.60 8.84 8.04 7.24 6.41 5.56 4.68 3.79 2.88 63

54 9.99 9.47 8.80 8.03 7.21 6.40 5.55 4.68 3.79 2.88 1.94 64

55 9.55 8.88 8.11 7.28 6.43 5.58 4.70 3.80 2.89 1.95 0.99 65

56 8.63 8.01 7.25 6.42 5.56 4.69 3.80 2.89 1.95 0.99 — 66

57 7.81 7.16 6.39 5.55 4.68 3.80 2.88 1.95 0.99 — — 67

58 7.02 6.34 5.54 4.67 3.78 2.88 1.94 0.99 — — — 68

59 6.20 5.49 4.67 3.78 2.88 1.95 0.99 — — — — 69

60 5.37 4.62 3.78 2.88 1.94 0.99 — — — — — 70

61 4.48 3.72 2.86 1.94 0.99 — — — — — — 71

62 3.62 2.82 1.93 0.98 — — — — — — — 72

63 2.73 1.91 0.98 — — — — — — — — 73

64 1.84 0.97 — — — — — — — — — 74

65 0.95 — — — — — — — — — — 75

e[ ] x + t
70

Notes:

1. Entl age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of death or recovery at entl age [x] represents the average probability of termination due to death or recovery within one year for

disability beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are derived from the average death probabilities shown in table 11 and

the average recovery probabilities shown in table 18.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at entl age [x] represents the aggregate expected number of years on the combined DI and OASI rolls for disability

beneficiaries who became entitled at that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations

from tables 23A, 23B and 9C. Experience reflects continuing entitlement after NRA.

4. Future time on DI rolls at entl age [x] represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls for disability beneficiaries who

became entitled at that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations from tables 24A and

24B. Experience does not reflect continuing entitlement after NRA.

Table 25.—Disabled Workers 

Aggregate Probability of Death or Recovery and Expected Future Time on the Rolls,

by Entitlement Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Entl

age

Male Female

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

 Future time on

DI rolls

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Future time on

DI rolls

16 0.036859 24.32 19.30 0.029976 27.40 20.85

17 0.037520 24.73 19.95 0.036179 27.93 21.64

18 0.033335 24.98 20.10 0.033895 28.07 21.65

19 0.030194 25.04 19.98 0.028960 28.28 21.64

20 0.027371 25.23 20.08 0.026096 28.54 21.70

21 0.025608 25.12 19.84 0.024454 28.47 21.41

22 0.024777 24.88 19.51 0.023369 28.36 21.13

23 0.025605 24.48 19.06 0.023192 28.10 20.75

24 0.025928 24.01 18.54 0.023790 27.76 20.34

25 0.027384 23.43 17.90 0.024928 27.39 19.90

26 0.028458 23.02 17.48 0.025718 27.03 19.48

27 0.028917 22.72 17.14 0.025729 26.76 19.13

28 0.029388 22.36 16.77 0.025707 26.45 18.76

29 0.029965 21.95 16.35 0.025522 26.17 18.38

30 0.030749 21.57 15.94 0.025632 25.87 17.98

31 0.030271 21.32 15.62 0.025066 25.52 17.51

32 0.030805 20.94 15.18 0.025269 25.13 17.03

33 0.031536 20.57 14.74 0.025206 24.82 16.56

34 0.031955 20.26 14.36 0.025016 24.45 16.06

35 0.032603 19.89 13.92 0.025248 24.06 15.53

36 0.033110 19.61 13.56 0.025790 23.63 14.98

37 0.033554 19.25 13.16 0.026035 23.21 14.47

38 0.033606 18.94 12.78 0.026057 22.87 14.00

39 0.035116 18.62 12.41 0.026429 22.41 13.47

40 0.035372 18.29 12.00 0.026822 22.01 13.00

41 0.036383 17.94 11.59 0.027400 21.55 12.45

42 0.037683 17.57 11.17 0.027913 21.14 11.99

43 0.038850 17.23 10.80 0.028290 20.70 11.50

44 0.039536 16.92 10.45 0.029387 20.21 10.99

45 0.040501 16.54 10.05 0.029390 19.86 10.59

46 0.042283 16.15 9.63 0.030668 19.38 10.14

47 0.043651 15.80 9.24 0.031814 18.91 9.66

48 0.045677 15.35 8.75 0.033233 18.40 9.16

49 0.047472 14.95 8.31 0.034264 17.92 8.69

50 0.041408 15.27 8.32 0.029787 18.20 8.68

51 0.046525 14.56 7.61 0.034105 17.28 7.90

52 0.048093 14.15 7.10 0.034829 16.84 7.40

53 0.050290 13.73 6.60 0.036602 16.30 6.87

54 0.051671 13.31 6.12 0.038374 15.78 6.37

55 0.046376 13.38 5.88 0.034649 15.79 6.09

56 0.051480 12.77 5.29 0.038744 15.07 5.48

57 0.052974 12.39 4.82 0.040237 14.58 4.98

58 0.054927 12.01 4.34 0.042198 14.10 4.47

59 0.056530 11.66 3.85 0.043712 13.66 3.96

60 0.057374 11.27 3.35 0.045194 13.22 3.44

61 0.060648 10.92 2.86 0.048417 12.80 2.92

62 0.062744 10.62 2.38 0.051000 12.42 2.42

63 0.067518 10.36 1.90 0.056078 11.98 1.92

64 0.072915 10.12 1.42 0.061650 11.66 1.43

65 0.068376 10.85 0.94 0.059555 12.54 0.95
71

Notes:

1. Attained age calculated as sum of entitlement age and duration.

2. Probability of death or recovery at attained age x represents the average probability of termination due to death or recovery within one year for

disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are derived from the average death probabilities shown in table 12 and the

average recovery probabilities shown in table 19. See table 7C for attained ages beyond age 75.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at attained age x represents the aggregate expected number of years on the combined DI and OASI rolls for

disability beneficiaries who have attained that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations

from tables 23A and 23B. See table 9C for attained ages beyond age 75. Experience reflects continuing entitlement after NRA.

4. Future time on DI rolls at attained age x represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls for disability beneficiaries who have

attained that particular age. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all durations from tables 24A and 24B.

Experience does not reflect continuing entitlement after NRA.

Table 26.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Death or Recovery and Expected Future Time on the Rolls,

by Attained Age

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Attained

age

Male Female

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Future time on

DI rolls

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Future time on

DI rolls

16 0.019626 23.91 21.78 0.017089 26.10 22.92

17 0.014353 24.97 22.62 0.022004 27.03 23.59

18 0.016912 25.95 23.38 0.019938 28.00 24.27

19 0.016251 26.86 24.07 0.016339 28.91 24.89

20 0.014578 27.68 24.67 0.015723 29.73 25.42

21 0.017013 28.14 24.95 0.016675 30.13 25.59

22 0.021261 28.28 24.94 0.021416 30.31 25.57

23 0.025725 28.29 24.83 0.025286 30.44 25.51

24 0.029684 28.27 24.69 0.026865 30.51 25.41

25 0.033517 28.23 24.53 0.030581 30.52 25.25

26 0.033289 28.20 24.37 0.030077 30.53 25.08

27 0.034161 28.15 24.19 0.032108 30.51 24.89

28 0.033239 28.07 23.98 0.031750 30.49 24.69

29 0.032455 27.94 23.73 0.030448 30.46 24.48

30 0.031683 27.75 23.43 0.028791 30.37 24.21

31 0.030374 27.55 23.10 0.028533 30.22 23.89

32 0.029892 27.29 22.73 0.027541 30.03 23.53

33 0.029420 26.98 22.31 0.027370 29.81 23.14

34 0.029565 26.66 21.87 0.027478 29.57 22.73

35 0.028252 26.31 21.40 0.026817 29.32 22.31

36 0.028547 25.92 20.90 0.026277 29.02 21.84

37 0.028785 25.52 20.40 0.026510 28.69 21.35

38 0.028350 25.12 19.88 0.026099 28.36 20.85

39 0.029065 24.69 19.33 0.025894 28.01 20.33

40 0.028901 24.27 18.79 0.025779 27.63 19.78

41 0.028468 23.84 18.23 0.025782 27.23 19.21

42 0.028356 23.37 17.64 0.025491 26.83 18.63

43 0.028472 22.89 17.04 0.025086 26.41 18.04

44 0.028506 22.41 16.43 0.025390 25.95 17.41

45 0.029337 21.91 15.80 0.025001 25.50 16.78

46 0.030094 21.40 15.16 0.025371 25.02 16.12

47 0.031068 20.90 14.51 0.025279 24.54 15.45

48 0.030860 20.39 13.86 0.025341 24.03 14.76

49 0.031627 19.87 13.19 0.025318 23.51 14.06

50 0.031504 19.42 12.55 0.024473 23.07 13.39

51 0.031886 18.93 11.88 0.025021 22.54 12.66

52 0.032592 18.43 11.20 0.024586 22.02 11.93

53 0.033844 17.93 10.50 0.024999 21.47 11.17

54 0.034287 17.44 9.80 0.025229 20.92 10.41

55 0.034273 17.02 9.11 0.024656 20.42 9.65

56 0.035372 16.56 8.39 0.025260 19.87 8.85

57 0.036266 16.10 7.66 0.025673 19.32 8.05

58 0.037259 15.64 6.90 0.026045 18.76 7.22

59 0.038499 15.19 6.13 0.026773 18.19 6.39

60 0.039315 14.76 5.35 0.027576 17.63 5.53

61 0.040620 14.31 4.53 0.028721 17.05 4.66

62 0.041060 13.86 3.69 0.029526 16.48 3.77

63 0.041983 13.38 2.82 0.030777 15.90 2.87

64 0.043059 12.90 1.92 0.031524 15.34 1.94

65 0.039554 12.44 0.98 0.028631 14.79 0.99

66 0.043862 11.93 — 0.031667 14.21 —

67 0.046182 11.46 — 0.033318 13.66 —

68 0.048624 10.98 — 0.034728 13.12 —

69 0.052077 10.52 — 0.037341 12.57 —

70 0.055284 10.07 — 0.039491 12.04 —

71 0.058951 9.63 — 0.042134 11.51 —

72 0.062301 9.20 — 0.044962 11.00 —

73 0.067099 8.78 — 0.047548 10.49 —

74 0.071469 8.38 — 0.051148 9.99 —

75 0.075068 7.98 — 0.055271 9.50 —
72

Notes:

1. Duration measured in years since entitlement to disabled worker benefits.

2. Probability of death or recovery at duration t represents the average probability of termination due to death or recovery during the (t+1) year of

entitlement to benefits. Values are derived from the average death probabilities shown in table 13 and the average recovery probabilities shown

in table 20.

3. Future time on OASDI rolls at duration t represents the aggregate expected number of years on the combined DI and OASI rolls for disability

beneficiaries who have not died or recovered after t years. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all ages from

tables 23A, 23B and 9C. Experience reflects continuing entitlement after NRA.

4. Future time on DI rolls at duration t represents the aggregate expected number of years on the DI rolls for disability beneficiaries who have not

died or recovered after t years. Values are exposure-weighted averages of expected future times across all ages from tables 24A and 24B.

Experience does not reflect continuing entitlement after NRA.

Table 27.—Disabled Workers

Aggregate Probability of Death or Recovery and Expected Future Time on the Rolls,

by Duration

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

Duration

Male Female

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Future time on

DI rolls

Probability of

death or recovery

Future time on

OASDI rolls

Future time on

DI rolls

0 0.058457 17.94 10.67 0.045223 21.47 11.81

1 0.042789 18.19 10.64 0.034765 21.66 11.72

2 0.032356 18.19 10.57 0.025163 21.66 11.62

3 0.032173 17.95 10.40 0.024249 21.40 11.41

4 0.036655 17.67 10.27 0.028075 21.08 11.20

5 0.037385 17.43 10.24 0.027255 20.81 11.05

6 0.037418 17.16 10.26 0.027610 20.46 10.92

7 0.037405 16.83 10.17 0.027273 20.08 10.75

8 0.037902 16.51 10.10 0.027250 19.72 10.63

9 0.038692 16.24 10.13 0.027577 19.38 10.55

10 0.039678 15.99 10.21 0.027974 19.02 10.49

11 0.040343 15.69 10.36 0.028412 18.63 10.47

12 0.041085 15.39 10.30 0.029415 18.21 10.29

13 0.042811 15.05 10.18 0.030587 17.75 10.06

14 0.044168 14.67 10.01 0.031513 17.25 9.82

15 0.045831 14.28 9.83 0.033136 16.77 9.58

16 0.046959 13.92 9.78 0.034149 16.33 9.49

17 0.048717 13.61 9.59 0.035655 15.93 9.30

18 0.050319 13.37 9.42 0.037104 15.58 9.16

19 0.051674 13.19 9.30 0.038186 15.27 9.06

20 0.052701 13.03 9.19 0.039851 14.99 8.99

21 0.053368 12.88 9.08 0.041170 14.70 8.91

22 0.055146 12.71 8.93 0.043876 14.38 8.80

23 0.057916 12.50 8.76 0.046188 14.03 8.66

24 0.059751 12.29 8.57 0.049459 13.66 8.48

25 0.063536 12.09 8.33 0.052754 13.28 8.26

26 0.064864 11.93 8.11 0.056533 12.96 8.06

27 0.067573 11.82 7.88 0.059652 12.70 7.85

28 0.068402 11.76 7.67 0.062766 12.52 7.67

29 0.070808 11.68 7.46 0.065342 12.32 7.50

30 0.071896 11.52 7.24 0.069386 12.02 7.34

31 0.074358 11.30 7.03 0.073924 11.62 7.15

32 0.077134 11.03 6.76 0.077792 11.17 6.89

33 0.080503 10.72 6.43 0.082864 10.68 6.55

34 0.083486 10.40 6.03 0.088310 10.21 6.14

35 0.084315 10.14 5.62 0.093063 9.84 5.69

36 0.087217 9.94 5.22 0.096739 9.53 5.26

37 0.088022 9.74 4.81 0.101071 9.25 4.86

38 0.090021 9.53 4.38 0.102788 9.00 4.39

39 0.090319 9.33 3.94 0.105619 8.78 3.93

40 0.091133 9.14 3.49 0.107644 8.57 3.45
ANNUITY TABLES
..
75

Table 28A.—Male Disabled Workers 

Annual Life Annuity (excluding termination due to recovery prior to NRA)1

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of annual payments of $1 made at the end of each year of disability entitlement and continuing beyond NRA. Entitlement ends upon death of the beneficiary (recovery termination is not 

considered prior to NRA). Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in tables 8A and 8C.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 39.999 35.383 31.532 28.297 25.559 23.226 21.225 19.497 17.995 16.684 15.531 14.51217 39.116 34.666 30.946 27.812 25.155 22.886 20.936 19.249 17.782 16.498 15.368 14.36918 38.260 33.970 30.373 27.338 24.758 22.551 20.650 19.004 17.570 16.313 15.205 14.22419 37.445 33.306 29.828 26.886 24.380 22.232 20.379 18.771 17.368 16.137 15.050 14.08720 36.818 32.806 29.426 26.560 24.114 22.014 20.198 18.621 17.242 16.030 14.960 14.00921 36.229 32.337 29.050 26.257 23.868 21.812 20.032 18.483 17.127 15.934 14.878 13.94022 35.468 31.715 28.539 25.833 23.514 21.515 19.781 18.268 16.943 15.774 14.739 13.81923 34.600 30.997 27.939 25.328 23.085 21.148 19.464 17.994 16.703 15.563 14.552 13.65224 33.793 30.329 27.382 24.861 22.690 20.811 19.175 17.744 16.486 15.373 14.385 13.50425 32.767 29.462 26.644 24.227 22.143 20.334 18.757 17.375 16.157 15.079 14.121 13.26526 31.888 28.725 26.022 23.698 21.689 19.943 18.417 17.078 15.896 14.848 13.915 13.08127 31.252 28.202 25.588 23.336 21.386 19.687 18.200 16.892 15.736 14.710 13.796 12.97628 30.534 27.603 25.086 22.912 21.025 19.378 17.934 16.662 15.536 14.535 13.641 12.83929 29.822 27.008 24.585 22.489 20.665 19.070 17.669 16.432 15.336 14.360 13.487 12.70330 29.069 26.372 24.045 22.027 20.267 18.725 17.368 16.169 15.104 14.154 13.303 12.53931 28.616 26.005 23.746 21.782 20.067 18.561 17.233 16.057 15.012 14.078 13.240 12.48732 27.979 25.470 23.294 21.398 19.738 18.278 16.989 15.845 14.826 13.915 13.097 12.36033 27.185 24.790 22.709 20.892 19.297 17.892 16.649 15.544 14.558 13.675 12.881 12.16534 26.620 24.316 22.308 20.551 19.006 17.643 16.434 15.358 14.396 13.533 12.756 12.05435 25.905 23.704 21.782 20.096 18.611 17.297 16.130 15.090 14.158 13.322 12.567 11.88536 25.321 23.208 21.359 19.733 18.298 17.026 15.894 14.883 13.977 13.162 12.425 11.75837 24.723 22.698 20.922 19.357 17.973 16.744 15.648 14.668 13.787 12.994 12.276 11.62638 24.126 22.187 20.482 18.977 17.643 16.455 15.395 14.445 13.590 12.819 12.120 11.48639 23.407 21.562 19.935 18.496 17.218 16.078 15.059 14.143 13.318 12.573 11.897 11.28240 22.930 21.156 19.589 18.200 16.964 15.860 14.870 13.979 13.176 12.449 11.788 11.18741 22.213 20.529 19.038 17.714 16.532 15.475 14.525 13.670 12.897 12.196 11.558 10.97742 21.519 19.921 18.502 17.239 16.110 15.098 14.187 13.365 12.621 11.946 11.330 10.76943 20.904 19.383 18.030 16.823 15.742 14.771 13.896 13.104 12.387 11.734 11.139 10.59544 20.392 18.938 17.642 16.483 15.443 14.507 13.661 12.896 12.201 11.567 10.989 10.46045 19.769 18.389 17.155 16.050 15.056 14.160 13.350 12.614 11.945 11.335 10.777 10.26646 19.062 17.761 16.596 15.549 14.607 13.755 12.983 12.281 11.642 11.058 10.523 10.03247 18.445 17.212 16.106 15.110 14.212 13.398 12.659 11.987 11.373 10.812 10.297 9.82348 17.721 16.564 15.523 14.584 13.735 12.965 12.264 11.626 11.042 10.506 10.015 9.56249 17.293 16.188 15.192 14.291 13.475 12.733 12.057 11.440 10.875 10.356 9.879 9.43950 17.742 16.627 15.620 14.708 13.880 13.126 12.438 11.809 11.232 10.701 10.213 9.76251 16.845 15.812 14.877 14.028 13.255 12.551 11.907 11.317 10.775 10.276 9.816 9.39052 16.284 15.308 14.423 13.618 12.885 12.214 11.601 11.037 10.518 10.040 9.599 9.19053 15.688 14.770 13.936 13.175 12.481 11.845 11.262 10.725 10.231 9.774 9.352 8.96154 15.309 14.434 13.636 12.908 12.241 11.630 11.068 10.550 10.073 9.631 9.222 8.84255 15.682 14.801 13.996 13.260 12.585 11.965 11.394 10.867 10.381 9.930 9.512 9.12456 14.897 14.082 13.336 12.652 12.024 11.446 10.913 10.420 9.964 9.541 9.148 8.78257 14.483 13.709 13.000 12.349 11.749 11.196 10.685 10.213 9.774 9.367 8.988 8.63558 14.070 13.336 12.663 12.043 11.472 10.944 10.455 10.002 9.582 9.190 8.825 8.48559 13.702 13.006 12.365 11.774 11.229 10.723 10.255 9.820 9.415 9.038 8.687 8.35860 13.392 12.729 12.117 11.551 11.028 10.542 10.092 9.673 9.282 8.918 8.577 8.25861 12.786 12.170 11.601 11.074 10.585 10.131 9.709 9.316 8.948 8.605 8.284 7.98362 12.276 11.702 11.170 10.677 10.219 9.792 9.395 9.024 8.677 8.353 8.048 7.76363 11.476 10.957 10.475 10.027 9.610 9.222 8.859 8.519 8.201 7.903 7.624 7.36164 10.730 10.261 9.824 9.418 9.038 8.684 8.353 8.043 7.751 7.478 7.221 6.97965 10.278 9.841 9.434 9.054 8.699 8.367 8.056 7.764 7.489 7.231 6.988 6.759
76Table 28B.—Male Disabled Workers 

Monthly Life Annuity (excluding termination due to recovery prior to NRA)1

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of monthly payments of $1 made at the end of each month of disability entitlement and continuing beyond NRA. Entitlement ends upon death of the beneficiary (recovery termination is not 

considered prior to NRA). Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in tables 8A and 8C.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 485.476 430.077 383.867 345.038 312.177 284.175 260.153 239.412 221.393 205.646 191.808 179.58117 474.879 421.480 376.827 339.220 307.326 280.093 256.688 236.446 218.834 203.421 189.858 177.86118 464.607 413.119 369.959 333.526 302.561 276.069 253.261 233.501 216.283 201.194 187.899 176.12419 454.831 405.159 363.419 328.103 298.025 272.242 250.002 230.704 213.862 199.082 186.042 174.48020 447.302 399.151 358.590 324.194 294.837 269.624 247.836 228.899 212.347 197.801 184.953 173.54721 440.235 393.522 354.076 320.551 291.878 267.203 245.844 227.248 210.969 196.644 183.974 172.71422 431.105 386.068 347.946 315.472 287.637 263.637 242.823 224.671 208.757 194.731 182.310 171.25823 420.695 377.442 340.740 309.403 282.487 259.232 239.027 221.377 205.877 192.197 180.066 169.25824 411.012 369.433 334.065 303.798 277.745 255.192 235.561 218.381 203.272 189.917 178.057 167.47825 398.692 359.028 325.207 296.198 271.175 249.469 230.541 213.949 199.332 186.393 174.888 164.61226 388.148 350.187 317.739 289.844 265.731 244.772 226.461 210.382 196.195 183.617 172.417 162.40127 380.519 343.906 312.536 285.507 262.092 241.702 223.854 208.155 194.281 181.964 170.981 161.14728 371.903 336.723 306.506 280.413 257.761 237.995 220.663 205.391 191.872 179.853 169.121 159.49929 363.351 329.578 300.500 275.333 253.439 234.296 217.479 202.635 189.474 177.755 167.276 157.86930 354.319 321.953 294.020 269.790 248.667 230.161 213.874 199.473 186.685 175.281 165.070 155.89131 348.885 317.541 290.427 266.855 246.262 228.187 212.250 198.135 185.581 174.369 164.316 155.26932 341.241 311.118 284.999 262.242 242.320 224.799 209.322 195.591 183.359 172.419 162.596 153.74433 331.711 302.967 277.985 256.169 237.031 220.166 205.241 191.977 180.142 169.541 160.009 151.40734 324.937 297.272 273.172 252.080 233.539 217.170 202.656 189.737 178.190 167.832 158.506 150.08035 316.346 289.925 266.854 246.618 228.792 213.022 199.015 186.524 175.342 165.295 156.237 148.04136 309.345 283.980 261.780 242.265 225.039 209.771 196.184 184.047 173.165 163.374 154.533 146.52437 302.169 277.864 256.541 237.756 221.141 206.384 193.229 181.457 170.886 161.359 152.746 144.93238 295.001 271.725 251.258 233.189 217.172 202.920 190.192 178.782 168.520 159.257 150.870 143.25239 286.377 264.221 244.696 227.419 212.074 198.394 186.153 175.163 165.261 156.310 148.194 140.81240 280.648 259.356 240.548 223.871 209.028 195.770 183.886 173.196 163.550 154.818 146.889 139.66741 272.048 251.833 233.936 218.032 203.849 191.155 179.755 169.484 160.200 151.784 144.129 137.14942 263.720 244.529 227.499 212.333 198.780 186.627 175.694 165.826 156.892 148.780 141.393 134.64643 256.334 238.076 221.837 207.345 194.367 182.707 172.198 162.696 154.080 146.244 139.098 132.56344 250.197 232.739 217.178 203.261 190.773 179.533 169.383 160.192 151.843 144.239 137.295 130.93645 242.719 226.146 211.339 198.069 186.138 175.377 165.644 156.814 148.781 141.454 134.752 128.60746 234.233 218.611 204.623 192.060 180.741 170.513 161.243 152.819 145.143 138.129 131.705 125.80647 226.829 212.028 198.746 186.792 176.000 166.230 157.360 149.286 141.917 135.173 128.987 123.30048 218.148 204.251 191.752 180.479 170.281 161.031 152.618 144.947 137.933 131.505 125.600 120.16249 213.012 199.738 187.773 176.959 167.158 158.250 150.135 142.722 135.934 129.703 123.971 118.68650 218.400 205.009 192.915 181.963 172.018 162.965 154.703 147.145 140.214 133.843 127.976 122.55951 207.636 195.226 183.993 173.800 164.525 156.066 148.333 141.245 134.735 128.742 123.214 118.10352 200.896 189.180 178.552 168.888 160.078 152.026 144.652 137.883 131.654 125.912 120.607 115.69553 193.750 182.725 172.703 163.570 155.229 147.592 140.585 134.141 128.203 122.720 117.647 112.94454 189.202 178.684 169.104 160.356 152.351 145.008 138.259 132.042 126.305 120.999 116.083 111.51955 193.681 183.089 173.423 164.580 156.474 149.027 142.171 135.846 130.001 124.588 119.567 114.90056 184.256 174.461 165.502 157.290 149.746 142.803 136.399 130.481 125.002 119.920 115.199 110.80457 179.287 169.993 161.473 153.648 146.447 139.806 133.670 127.991 122.725 117.833 113.282 109.03958 174.326 165.518 157.429 149.984 143.119 136.777 130.907 125.465 120.410 115.708 111.326 107.23659 169.918 161.555 153.857 146.759 140.201 134.132 128.505 123.279 118.417 113.888 109.660 105.70960 166.199 158.226 150.872 144.079 137.790 131.960 126.546 121.509 116.816 112.436 108.343 104.51361 158.927 151.526 144.686 138.355 132.483 127.028 121.954 117.225 112.812 108.687 104.826 101.20862 152.799 145.902 139.513 133.588 128.082 122.959 118.183 113.725 109.558 105.657 102.000 98.56763 143.205 136.965 131.175 125.793 120.782 116.109 111.747 107.667 103.846 100.264 96.900 93.73864 134.248 128.608 123.362 118.477 113.919 109.661 105.677 101.946 98.445 95.157 92.065 89.15365 128.821 123.570 118.677 114.111 109.844 105.851 102.109 98.597 95.298 92.195 89.272 86.516
77

Table 29A.—Female Disabled Workers

Annual Life Annuity (excluding termination due to recovery prior to NRA)1

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of annual payments of $1 made at the end of each year of disability entitlement and continuing beyond NRA. Entitlement ends upon death of the beneficiary (recovery termination is not 

considered prior to NRA). Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in tables 8B and 8C.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 41.974 36.810 32.555 29.020 26.061 23.563 21.440 19.622 18.054 16.693 15.504 14.45917 41.426 36.393 32.236 28.774 25.870 23.415 21.323 19.530 17.981 16.635 15.457 14.42218 40.904 35.997 31.934 28.544 25.693 23.279 21.218 19.448 17.918 16.586 15.420 14.39319 40.311 35.539 31.577 28.264 25.472 23.102 21.077 19.335 17.826 16.511 15.358 14.34220 39.801 35.149 31.278 28.033 25.293 22.962 20.968 19.248 17.757 16.456 15.315 14.30721 39.050 34.547 30.791 27.635 24.964 22.689 20.738 19.053 17.590 16.312 15.189 14.19722 38.336 33.975 30.328 27.258 24.654 22.431 20.521 18.869 17.433 16.176 15.071 14.09323 37.592 33.376 29.841 26.858 24.322 22.154 20.288 18.671 17.263 16.030 14.943 13.98124 36.894 32.814 29.386 26.486 24.016 21.899 20.074 18.491 17.110 15.898 14.829 13.88225 36.043 32.115 28.807 26.001 23.607 21.551 19.776 18.233 16.884 15.700 14.654 13.72626 35.216 31.436 28.243 25.529 23.209 21.212 19.485 17.981 16.665 15.507 14.484 13.57427 34.457 30.812 27.727 25.099 22.847 20.905 19.222 17.754 16.468 15.335 14.332 13.43928 33.724 30.212 27.231 24.685 22.500 20.612 18.972 17.540 16.283 15.174 14.190 13.31529 33.172 29.768 26.872 24.393 22.261 20.415 18.809 17.404 16.168 15.077 14.109 13.24530 32.630 29.331 26.517 24.105 22.024 20.219 18.646 17.268 16.055 14.981 14.027 13.17531 31.935 28.757 26.040 23.705 21.686 19.933 18.401 17.057 15.871 14.821 13.886 13.05132 31.316 28.248 25.618 23.353 21.391 19.683 18.188 16.874 15.714 14.684 13.766 12.94533 30.756 27.790 25.243 23.043 21.133 19.468 18.008 16.722 15.584 14.574 13.672 12.86434 30.105 27.249 24.791 22.663 20.812 19.194 17.774 16.520 15.410 14.422 13.539 12.74735 29.355 26.617 24.254 22.205 20.418 18.854 17.477 16.261 15.181 14.219 13.358 12.58436 28.769 26.130 23.848 21.863 20.129 18.608 17.267 16.080 15.025 14.083 13.239 12.48037 28.178 25.637 23.433 21.513 19.832 18.354 17.048 15.891 14.861 13.939 13.113 12.36938 27.592 25.146 23.020 21.163 19.534 18.099 16.830 15.702 14.696 13.796 12.987 12.25739 26.957 24.610 22.565 20.775 19.202 17.813 16.582 15.486 14.507 13.630 12.840 12.12740 26.314 24.064 22.099 20.375 18.855 17.512 16.319 15.255 14.303 13.449 12.679 11.98341 25.715 23.556 21.666 20.004 18.536 17.236 16.079 15.045 14.119 13.287 12.535 11.85542 25.159 23.085 21.264 19.660 18.241 16.980 15.857 14.852 13.950 13.137 12.403 11.73743 24.578 22.590 20.841 19.296 17.926 16.707 15.618 14.643 13.766 12.975 12.259 11.60944 23.789 21.903 20.240 18.768 17.460 16.293 15.250 14.313 13.469 12.706 12.015 11.38745 23.385 21.566 19.957 18.530 17.259 16.124 15.107 14.191 13.366 12.619 11.941 11.32346 22.750 21.015 19.478 18.111 16.892 15.800 14.820 13.936 13.138 12.414 11.757 11.15747 22.119 20.467 19.000 17.692 16.522 15.473 14.530 13.678 12.906 12.206 11.569 10.98748 21.432 19.864 18.468 17.222 16.105 15.100 14.195 13.377 12.634 11.960 11.344 10.78249 20.918 19.419 18.082 16.884 15.809 14.840 13.966 13.173 12.454 11.798 11.200 10.65250 21.302 19.803 18.462 17.259 16.177 15.200 14.317 13.515 12.785 12.120 11.512 10.95451 20.275 18.882 17.633 16.510 15.497 14.582 13.752 12.997 12.309 11.681 11.105 10.57652 19.763 18.434 17.240 16.164 15.192 14.311 13.511 12.782 12.117 11.508 10.949 10.43653 19.101 17.847 16.718 15.698 14.774 13.935 13.172 12.476 11.839 11.255 10.719 10.22554 18.553 17.363 16.289 15.317 14.435 13.633 12.901 12.232 11.619 11.057 10.539 10.06155 18.744 17.566 16.500 15.533 14.654 13.852 13.120 12.450 11.835 11.269 10.748 10.26656 17.898 16.802 15.807 14.903 14.080 13.327 12.639 12.007 11.426 10.891 10.398 9.94157 17.301 16.267 15.328 14.473 13.691 12.976 12.320 11.718 11.163 10.650 10.177 9.73858 16.775 15.799 14.910 14.098 13.355 12.673 12.047 11.471 10.939 10.447 9.992 9.57059 16.240 15.320 14.479 13.710 13.005 12.357 11.760 11.210 10.701 10.230 9.793 9.38760 15.738 14.869 14.073 13.344 12.673 12.056 11.487 10.961 10.474 10.022 9.602 9.21261 14.911 14.112 13.378 12.704 12.083 11.511 10.981 10.491 10.037 9.615 9.222 8.85562 14.261 13.519 12.837 12.208 11.628 11.092 10.596 10.135 9.707 9.309 8.938 8.59163 13.301 12.632 12.016 11.447 10.920 10.433 9.980 9.560 9.169 8.804 8.463 8.14464 12.460 11.855 11.296 10.778 10.299 9.854 9.440 9.054 8.695 8.359 8.045 7.75065 11.815 11.259 10.744 10.266 9.822 9.410 9.026 8.667 8.332 8.018 7.724 7.449
78Table 29B.—Female Disabled Workers

Monthly Life Annuity (excluding termination due to recovery prior to NRA)1

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of monthly payments of $1 made at the end of each month of disability entitlement and continuing beyond NRA. Entitlement ends upon death of the beneficiary (recovery termination is not 

considered prior to NRA). Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in tables 8B and 8C.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 509.177 447.202 396.138 353.718 318.197 288.222 262.737 240.912 222.091 205.755 191.484 178.94417 502.600 442.197 392.306 350.765 315.909 286.438 261.338 239.809 221.218 205.060 190.929 178.49818 496.334 437.449 388.690 348.001 313.788 284.805 260.077 238.834 220.464 204.476 190.478 178.15219 489.225 431.949 384.405 344.640 311.131 282.692 258.385 237.469 219.355 203.571 189.734 177.53620 483.103 427.270 380.811 341.864 308.977 281.012 257.068 236.433 218.536 202.919 189.214 177.12021 474.087 420.045 374.965 337.089 305.038 277.731 254.310 234.092 216.531 201.188 187.706 175.79522 465.525 413.186 369.419 332.562 301.308 274.628 251.705 231.884 214.644 199.560 186.289 174.55323 456.597 405.991 363.569 327.762 297.336 271.311 248.910 229.509 212.608 197.802 184.759 173.21124 448.221 399.256 358.108 323.298 293.656 268.252 246.347 227.344 210.765 196.220 183.391 172.02025 438.005 390.866 351.156 317.485 288.751 264.078 242.763 224.243 208.059 193.842 181.286 170.14426 428.087 382.710 344.390 311.822 283.971 260.009 239.271 221.221 205.425 191.528 179.240 168.32227 418.975 375.232 338.201 306.658 279.625 256.321 236.117 218.501 203.062 189.459 177.416 166.70328 410.183 368.022 332.243 301.696 275.461 252.800 233.117 215.927 200.837 187.523 175.720 165.20729 403.558 362.696 327.936 298.191 272.592 250.437 231.158 214.294 199.466 186.367 174.738 164.36930 397.049 357.451 323.685 294.725 269.748 248.090 229.209 212.666 198.098 185.210 173.754 163.52831 388.712 350.566 317.957 289.927 265.701 244.651 226.268 210.132 195.901 183.292 172.070 162.04032 381.288 344.456 312.895 285.704 262.154 241.651 223.712 207.940 194.009 181.648 170.631 160.77333 374.569 338.968 308.387 281.981 259.062 239.069 221.545 206.111 192.457 180.323 169.496 159.79434 366.747 332.474 302.963 277.422 255.206 235.789 218.737 203.693 190.362 178.499 167.898 158.38735 357.748 324.891 296.530 271.928 250.484 231.702 215.179 200.576 187.615 176.063 165.726 156.44036 350.718 319.049 291.647 267.824 247.015 228.753 212.657 198.408 185.740 174.434 164.302 155.18937 343.629 313.128 286.673 263.622 243.443 225.701 210.034 196.140 183.769 172.710 162.787 153.85138 336.594 307.238 281.716 259.426 239.874 222.648 207.408 193.869 181.795 170.986 161.274 152.51539 328.970 300.805 276.259 254.773 235.885 219.210 204.431 191.278 179.529 168.994 159.515 150.95540 321.265 294.256 270.662 249.963 231.728 215.598 201.275 188.506 177.081 166.821 157.576 149.21741 314.070 288.156 265.465 245.513 227.898 212.286 198.396 185.991 174.874 164.875 155.852 147.68342 307.397 282.500 260.647 241.389 224.352 209.221 195.734 183.669 172.837 163.081 154.264 146.27143 300.427 276.561 255.562 237.015 220.572 205.939 192.872 181.161 170.631 161.131 152.533 144.72844 290.957 268.320 248.354 230.680 214.976 200.974 188.445 177.196 167.064 157.909 149.610 142.06645 286.114 264.270 244.960 227.828 212.574 198.946 186.730 175.742 165.830 156.859 148.716 141.30346 278.489 257.664 239.212 222.803 208.163 195.056 183.284 172.678 163.093 154.405 146.507 139.30747 270.923 251.089 233.471 217.770 203.731 191.137 179.804 169.575 160.315 151.908 144.254 137.26648 262.672 243.851 227.094 212.127 198.715 186.660 175.791 165.964 157.052 148.948 141.558 134.80349 256.511 238.514 222.454 208.077 195.167 183.540 173.037 163.524 154.882 147.011 139.824 133.24450 261.109 243.113 227.017 212.577 199.584 187.860 177.250 167.623 158.864 150.875 143.568 136.87151 248.792 232.066 217.071 203.588 191.430 180.436 170.468 161.406 153.146 145.598 138.686 132.33952 242.644 226.690 212.354 199.435 187.762 177.185 167.576 158.826 150.836 143.525 136.817 130.65053 234.704 219.648 206.087 193.840 182.749 172.679 163.514 155.151 147.503 140.491 134.049 128.11654 228.124 213.841 200.946 189.275 178.683 169.047 160.259 152.227 144.867 138.109 131.890 126.15555 230.422 216.274 203.473 191.862 181.305 171.681 162.890 154.839 147.452 140.658 134.397 128.61456 220.266 207.101 195.161 184.307 174.416 165.382 157.112 149.526 142.552 136.127 130.195 124.71057 213.097 200.690 189.413 179.138 169.754 161.167 153.291 146.053 139.386 133.235 127.547 122.27858 206.787 195.067 184.389 174.638 165.716 157.533 150.014 143.091 136.703 130.798 125.330 120.25759 200.375 189.321 179.226 169.989 161.519 153.735 146.568 139.957 133.847 128.190 122.942 118.06660 194.352 183.911 174.355 165.592 157.540 150.126 143.287 136.967 131.116 125.690 120.649 115.95761 184.427 174.823 166.012 157.915 150.459 143.579 137.221 131.335 125.875 120.802 116.081 111.68162 176.628 167.713 159.516 151.967 145.000 138.559 132.594 127.062 121.920 117.136 112.676 108.51263 165.101 157.066 149.661 142.825 136.502 130.645 125.209 120.157 115.454 111.068 106.973 103.14364 155.012 147.739 141.021 134.805 129.044 123.695 118.720 114.088 109.766 105.730 101.953 98.41565 147.269 140.585 134.396 128.657 123.327 118.369 113.749 109.438 105.410 101.641 98.109 94.794
79

Table 30A.—Male Disabled Workers

Annual Life Annuity to Age 661

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of annual payments of $1 made at the end of each year of disability entitlement. Entitlement ends at termination due to death or recovery, or attainment of age 66 (NRA) of the beneficiary. 

Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in table 22A.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 19.502 17.888 16.488 15.266 14.196 13.254 12.421 11.680 11.019 10.427 9.894 9.41217 20.400 18.700 17.222 15.932 14.800 13.803 12.921 12.137 11.437 10.809 10.245 9.73518 21.339 19.551 17.994 16.633 15.438 14.385 13.451 12.621 11.880 11.216 10.618 10.07819 22.380 20.498 18.856 17.419 16.155 15.040 14.051 13.171 12.385 11.680 11.046 10.47220 23.256 21.300 19.592 18.094 16.775 15.609 14.575 13.653 12.829 12.090 11.424 10.82221 23.791 21.802 20.062 18.532 17.183 15.989 14.928 13.981 13.134 12.373 11.687 11.06722 23.844 21.874 20.145 18.623 17.278 16.085 15.023 14.074 13.224 12.459 11.770 11.14523 23.567 21.649 19.962 18.473 17.154 15.983 14.938 14.003 13.164 12.408 11.726 11.10724 23.200 21.343 19.706 18.258 16.973 15.829 14.807 13.891 13.067 12.324 11.652 11.04225 22.612 20.835 19.266 17.874 16.636 15.531 14.542 13.654 12.855 12.132 11.478 10.88326 22.168 20.460 18.946 17.600 16.401 15.328 14.366 13.500 12.720 12.013 11.372 10.78927 21.915 20.255 18.780 17.466 16.292 15.241 14.295 13.443 12.674 11.976 11.342 10.76528 21.566 19.963 18.536 17.262 16.120 15.095 14.173 13.339 12.585 11.900 11.277 10.70829 21.180 19.639 18.262 17.030 15.924 14.929 14.031 13.219 12.482 11.812 11.201 10.64330 20.762 19.283 17.959 16.770 15.701 14.737 13.865 13.074 12.356 11.702 11.104 10.55831 20.574 19.137 17.847 16.686 15.640 14.694 13.836 13.058 12.349 11.703 11.111 10.56932 20.144 18.768 17.530 16.414 15.404 14.490 13.660 12.904 12.215 11.585 11.008 10.47933 19.627 18.318 17.136 16.068 15.100 14.221 13.421 12.692 12.025 11.415 10.855 10.34034 19.302 18.043 16.905 15.873 14.936 14.083 13.305 12.594 11.943 11.346 10.797 10.29135 18.827 17.631 16.546 15.560 14.662 13.843 13.094 12.408 11.779 11.201 10.668 10.17736 18.408 17.267 16.231 15.286 14.424 13.635 12.913 12.250 11.641 11.079 10.562 10.08337 18.007 16.921 15.931 15.027 14.200 13.441 12.745 12.104 11.514 10.969 10.466 10.00038 17.554 16.525 15.584 14.722 13.932 13.206 12.537 11.921 11.352 10.826 10.339 9.88739 17.004 16.036 15.149 14.334 13.585 12.894 12.258 11.669 11.125 10.621 10.153 9.71840 16.585 15.669 14.828 14.052 13.338 12.678 12.068 11.503 10.979 10.493 10.040 9.61941 16.042 15.185 14.394 13.665 12.990 12.366 11.788 11.250 10.751 10.287 9.854 9.45042 15.451 14.653 13.915 13.231 12.598 12.010 11.464 10.956 10.483 10.042 9.630 9.24543 14.957 14.211 13.519 12.877 12.281 11.726 11.209 10.727 10.277 9.856 9.462 9.09444 14.466 13.770 13.123 12.521 11.960 11.437 10.948 10.491 10.064 9.663 9.288 8.93645 13.865 13.223 12.625 12.067 11.545 11.057 10.601 10.173 9.772 9.395 9.041 8.70846 13.222 12.636 12.087 11.574 11.093 10.643 10.220 9.822 9.448 9.097 8.766 8.45347 12.646 12.109 11.605 11.131 10.687 10.269 9.876 9.506 9.157 8.828 8.517 8.22348 11.990 11.503 11.045 10.615 10.209 9.827 9.466 9.125 8.804 8.499 8.211 7.93949 11.495 11.050 10.630 10.234 9.860 9.507 9.172 8.856 8.556 8.272 8.002 7.74650 11.596 11.166 10.759 10.374 10.010 9.664 9.337 9.026 8.731 8.451 8.185 7.93151 10.714 10.339 9.982 9.644 9.323 9.018 8.728 8.452 8.190 7.939 7.701 7.47452 10.070 9.737 9.420 9.119 8.832 8.558 8.297 8.048 7.811 7.584 7.368 7.16153 9.402 9.110 8.831 8.565 8.311 8.068 7.836 7.614 7.402 7.198 7.004 6.81754 8.837 8.579 8.333 8.098 7.872 7.656 7.449 7.250 7.060 6.877 6.701 6.53255 8.612 8.377 8.152 7.935 7.727 7.528 7.336 7.151 6.974 6.803 6.639 6.48056 7.784 7.588 7.400 7.219 7.044 6.876 6.713 6.557 6.406 6.260 6.120 5.98457 7.111 6.947 6.789 6.636 6.488 6.346 6.208 6.075 5.946 5.821 5.700 5.58358 6.421 6.287 6.157 6.031 5.909 5.790 5.676 5.564 5.457 5.352 5.250 5.15259 5.729 5.622 5.517 5.416 5.317 5.221 5.128 5.038 4.949 4.864 4.780 4.69960 5.021 4.938 4.857 4.778 4.701 4.626 4.552 4.481 4.411 4.343 4.277 4.21261 4.209 4.149 4.090 4.032 3.976 3.921 3.867 3.814 3.763 3.712 3.663 3.61562 3.421 3.380 3.340 3.300 3.261 3.223 3.186 3.149 3.113 3.078 3.044 3.01063 2.569 2.544 2.520 2.496 2.472 2.449 2.426 2.403 2.381 2.359 2.338 2.31764 1.725 1.713 1.700 1.688 1.676 1.664 1.652 1.640 1.629 1.617 1.606 1.59565 0.884 0.880 0.875 0.871 0.867 0.863 0.858 0.854 0.850 0.846 0.842 0.838
80Table 30B.—Male Disabled Workers

Monthly Life Annuity to Age 661

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of monthly payments of $1 made at the end of each month of disability entitlement. Entitlement ends at termination due to death or recovery, or attainment of age 66 (NRA) of the beneficiary. Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in table 22A.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 238.745 219.542 202.860 188.300 175.531 164.280 154.322 145.467 137.560 130.469 124.083 118.30917 249.434 229.207 211.613 196.238 182.741 170.840 160.301 150.927 142.554 135.045 128.283 122.17218 260.604 239.338 220.810 204.598 190.351 177.778 166.634 156.717 147.857 139.909 132.752 126.28519 272.990 250.611 231.081 213.966 198.906 185.601 173.798 163.288 153.891 145.460 137.867 131.00420 283.388 260.155 239.841 222.009 206.295 192.394 180.049 169.044 159.199 150.359 142.394 135.19221 289.718 266.101 245.408 227.209 211.144 196.909 184.250 172.952 162.833 153.739 145.538 138.11822 290.301 266.907 246.363 228.256 212.241 198.025 185.362 174.043 163.892 154.758 146.512 139.04423 286.937 264.170 244.129 226.425 210.733 196.776 184.322 173.171 163.154 154.128 145.970 138.57224 282.490 260.467 241.031 223.823 208.536 194.912 182.731 171.806 161.976 153.104 145.074 137.78325 275.415 254.356 235.725 219.188 204.466 191.317 179.537 168.952 159.411 150.788 142.970 135.86226 270.069 249.819 231.858 215.878 201.619 188.857 177.400 167.086 157.774 149.343 141.688 134.71927 266.986 247.317 229.828 214.233 200.285 187.775 176.525 166.377 157.200 148.878 141.312 134.41428 262.752 243.777 226.862 211.741 198.187 186.004 175.024 165.103 156.114 147.949 140.513 133.72529 258.084 239.843 223.540 208.930 195.804 183.979 173.299 163.630 154.853 146.866 139.581 132.92130 253.029 235.536 219.859 205.775 193.091 181.640 171.275 161.872 153.321 145.527 138.405 131.88331 250.717 233.727 218.463 204.717 192.308 181.080 170.898 161.642 153.210 145.510 138.464 132.00232 245.509 229.259 214.621 201.406 189.448 178.603 168.747 159.769 151.573 144.076 137.204 130.89133 239.279 223.821 209.859 197.222 185.761 175.342 165.852 157.190 149.268 142.007 135.339 129.20434 235.316 220.472 207.029 194.832 183.742 173.638 164.414 155.978 148.246 141.147 134.617 128.59835 229.582 215.481 202.678 191.030 180.413 170.717 161.846 153.715 146.247 139.377 133.045 127.19936 224.497 211.071 198.847 187.698 177.510 168.185 159.633 151.778 144.549 137.885 131.732 126.04137 219.636 206.862 195.201 184.537 174.769 165.805 157.567 149.982 142.988 136.528 130.551 125.01438 214.147 202.052 190.980 180.829 171.506 162.930 155.030 147.741 141.004 134.770 128.991 123.62639 207.505 196.141 185.709 176.118 167.289 159.147 151.629 144.676 138.236 132.264 126.717 121.55840 202.416 191.676 181.791 172.680 164.269 156.494 149.297 142.627 136.435 130.681 125.325 120.33441 195.851 185.810 176.541 167.975 160.046 152.699 145.882 139.548 133.655 128.167 123.048 118.26942 188.724 179.381 170.734 162.720 155.284 148.376 141.950 135.966 130.387 125.178 120.311 115.75643 182.729 174.014 165.924 158.407 151.412 144.898 138.823 133.152 127.852 122.894 118.250 113.89644 176.779 168.661 161.104 154.062 147.493 141.360 135.626 130.261 125.235 120.522 116.099 111.94345 169.509 162.038 155.063 148.547 142.451 136.744 131.396 126.380 121.669 117.242 113.077 109.15646 161.766 154.948 148.566 142.586 136.977 131.711 126.764 122.111 117.732 113.606 109.716 106.04547 154.793 148.556 142.701 137.199 132.024 127.154 122.566 118.241 114.160 110.306 106.664 103.21948 146.871 141.239 135.937 130.940 126.228 121.781 117.580 113.610 109.855 106.300 102.932 99.74049 140.849 135.713 130.863 126.280 121.946 117.844 113.960 110.279 106.789 103.477 100.332 97.34450 141.790 136.841 132.156 127.716 123.507 119.513 115.722 112.120 108.697 105.441 102.342 99.39251 131.205 126.898 122.808 118.921 115.225 111.709 108.362 105.174 102.135 99.238 96.474 93.83552 123.402 119.598 115.975 112.522 109.229 106.087 103.088 100.224 97.487 94.871 92.368 89.97453 115.313 111.990 108.816 105.782 102.880 100.104 97.447 94.902 92.464 90.128 87.887 85.73854 108.400 105.491 102.704 100.033 97.470 95.012 92.653 90.387 88.210 86.119 84.108 82.17555 105.376 102.737 100.202 97.764 95.419 93.164 90.994 88.904 86.891 84.953 83.084 81.28356 95.398 93.216 91.113 89.085 87.129 85.242 83.421 81.662 79.964 78.323 76.737 75.20457 87.189 85.378 83.628 81.935 80.297 78.711 77.177 75.692 74.253 72.859 71.508 70.19958 78.774 77.306 75.882 74.502 73.162 71.861 70.599 69.373 68.182 67.026 65.902 64.80959 70.305 69.147 68.020 66.923 65.856 64.818 63.806 62.821 61.862 60.928 60.017 59.12960 61.622 60.742 59.883 59.045 58.227 57.428 56.648 55.886 55.141 54.414 53.703 53.00961 51.773 51.151 50.543 49.948 49.364 48.793 48.234 47.686 47.149 46.622 46.107 45.60162 42.175 41.765 41.363 40.968 40.581 40.199 39.825 39.457 39.095 38.740 38.391 38.04763 31.881 31.647 31.415 31.188 30.963 30.742 30.524 30.309 30.098 29.889 29.683 29.48064 21.622 21.514 21.407 21.301 21.197 21.093 20.991 20.890 20.790 20.691 20.594 20.49765 11.246 11.216 11.187 11.158 11.129 11.100 11.072 11.043 11.015 10.988 10.960 10.933
81

Table 31A.—Female Disabled Workers

Annual Life Annuity to Age 661

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of annual payments of $1 made at the end of each year of disability entitlement. Entitlement ends at termination due to death or recovery, or attainment of age 66 (NRA) of the beneficiary. 

Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in table 22B.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 20.491 18.736 17.218 15.897 14.744 13.730 12.837 12.044 11.339 10.708 10.142 9.63117 21.237 19.418 17.841 16.468 15.266 14.210 13.277 12.450 11.713 11.053 10.461 9.92718 22.083 20.190 18.546 17.113 15.857 14.751 13.774 12.907 12.134 11.442 10.821 10.26019 23.041 21.064 19.345 17.843 16.525 15.364 14.336 13.424 12.610 11.881 11.226 10.63520 23.920 21.870 20.084 18.521 17.147 15.936 14.862 13.908 13.056 12.293 11.606 10.98721 24.216 22.158 20.361 18.784 17.397 16.170 15.083 14.114 13.249 12.473 11.774 11.14422 24.338 22.290 20.497 18.922 17.532 16.303 15.210 14.236 13.364 12.581 11.876 11.23923 24.232 22.220 20.454 18.900 17.526 16.307 15.222 14.254 13.386 12.606 11.902 11.26524 23.901 21.948 20.230 18.714 17.371 16.177 15.113 14.161 13.307 12.538 11.843 11.21325 23.408 21.529 19.872 18.405 17.104 15.945 14.909 13.981 13.147 12.395 11.715 11.09726 23.020 21.204 19.599 18.176 16.909 15.779 14.767 13.859 13.041 12.303 11.633 11.02627 22.798 21.029 19.462 18.069 16.826 15.716 14.719 13.823 13.015 12.284 11.621 11.01728 22.493 20.781 19.259 17.903 16.691 15.605 14.629 13.750 12.955 12.235 11.581 10.98529 22.253 20.590 19.109 17.785 16.600 15.535 14.577 13.711 12.928 12.217 11.570 10.98030 21.981 20.369 18.930 17.641 16.484 15.443 14.503 13.653 12.882 12.182 11.543 10.96031 21.648 20.094 18.702 17.453 16.329 15.314 14.397 13.566 12.810 12.123 11.495 10.92032 21.280 19.784 18.442 17.233 16.143 15.158 14.265 13.453 12.715 12.041 11.425 10.86133 20.936 19.497 18.202 17.033 15.976 15.019 14.149 13.357 12.635 11.975 11.371 10.81634 20.584 19.202 17.954 16.826 15.803 14.874 14.028 13.256 12.551 11.906 11.313 10.76935 20.147 18.826 17.631 16.547 15.562 14.665 13.846 13.098 12.414 11.785 11.207 10.67636 19.632 18.378 17.240 16.206 15.263 14.403 13.616 12.895 12.234 11.626 11.066 10.55037 19.206 18.012 16.925 15.934 15.028 14.200 13.441 12.745 12.104 11.513 10.969 10.46538 18.831 17.692 16.651 15.700 14.830 14.031 13.297 12.622 12.000 11.426 10.895 10.40339 18.312 17.236 16.252 15.349 14.521 13.759 13.057 12.410 11.812 11.260 10.747 10.27240 17.789 16.775 15.845 14.990 14.203 13.477 12.807 12.188 11.615 11.084 10.590 10.13241 17.263 16.310 15.433 14.625 13.879 13.190 12.552 11.961 11.413 10.903 10.429 9.98842 16.775 15.879 15.052 14.287 13.580 12.924 12.316 11.751 11.226 10.737 10.281 9.85543 16.233 15.396 14.621 13.903 13.236 12.617 12.041 11.505 11.006 10.539 10.104 9.69644 15.564 14.791 14.073 13.406 12.786 12.208 11.669 11.166 10.697 10.257 9.845 9.45945 15.146 14.421 13.746 13.118 12.531 11.983 11.471 10.992 10.543 10.123 9.728 9.35746 14.490 13.825 13.204 12.624 12.081 11.572 11.096 10.649 10.229 9.835 9.463 9.11447 13.856 13.248 12.678 12.143 11.642 11.171 10.729 10.313 9.921 9.552 9.204 8.87648 13.192 12.638 12.118 11.630 11.170 10.737 10.329 9.944 9.581 9.238 8.914 8.60849 12.607 12.102 11.627 11.179 10.757 10.358 9.981 9.624 9.287 8.968 8.665 8.37950 12.583 12.102 11.648 11.219 10.813 10.428 10.064 9.718 9.391 9.080 8.785 8.50451 11.620 11.201 10.804 10.427 10.070 9.731 9.408 9.102 8.811 8.534 8.270 8.01852 10.970 10.597 10.242 9.905 9.583 9.278 8.986 8.709 8.444 8.192 7.950 7.72053 10.232 9.905 9.594 9.297 9.014 8.743 8.485 8.238 8.002 7.776 7.559 7.35254 9.542 9.258 8.986 8.726 8.477 8.238 8.010 7.791 7.581 7.380 7.187 7.00155 9.160 8.905 8.661 8.426 8.201 7.985 7.777 7.578 7.386 7.201 7.024 6.85356 8.286 8.073 7.869 7.673 7.484 7.301 7.126 6.957 6.794 6.636 6.484 6.33857 7.515 7.339 7.169 7.005 6.847 6.694 6.546 6.404 6.265 6.132 6.003 5.87858 6.763 6.620 6.481 6.347 6.217 6.091 5.969 5.850 5.735 5.624 5.516 5.41159 5.985 5.872 5.762 5.655 5.551 5.450 5.351 5.256 5.163 5.073 4.985 4.89960 5.191 5.105 5.020 4.938 4.858 4.780 4.704 4.629 4.557 4.486 4.417 4.34961 4.325 4.262 4.202 4.142 4.084 4.027 3.972 3.917 3.864 3.812 3.761 3.71162 3.496 3.454 3.413 3.372 3.333 3.294 3.255 3.218 3.181 3.145 3.109 3.07463 2.623 2.598 2.573 2.548 2.524 2.500 2.477 2.454 2.431 2.408 2.386 2.36564 1.760 1.747 1.734 1.722 1.709 1.697 1.685 1.673 1.661 1.650 1.638 1.62765 0.897 0.892 0.888 0.883 0.879 0.875 0.871 0.866 0.862 0.858 0.854 0.850
82Table 31B.—Female Disabled Workers

Monthly Life Annuity to Age 661

(2011-15 Social Security DI disability experience)

1Present value of monthly payments of $1 made at the end of each month of disability entitlement. Entitlement ends at termination due to death or recovery, or attainment of age 66 (NRA) of the beneficiary. Payments are discounted to the beginning of the entitlement period using the stated annual effective interest rate, and continuance experience shown in table 22B.

Entl

age

Actuarial present value of $1 annuity

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.5% 5.0% 5.5% 6.0%

16 250.426 229.573 211.508 195.782 182.028 169.941 159.269 149.803 141.370 133.825 127.045 120.92917 259.290 237.678 218.923 202.574 188.255 175.657 164.524 154.643 145.835 137.951 130.865 124.47118 269.333 246.856 227.318 210.257 195.296 182.118 170.462 160.108 150.872 142.602 135.167 128.45819 280.705 257.246 236.815 218.949 203.258 189.421 177.170 166.278 156.557 147.847 140.014 132.94520 291.130 266.816 245.601 227.015 210.669 196.235 183.439 172.052 161.881 152.762 144.557 137.14921 294.606 270.198 248.856 230.122 213.614 199.014 186.052 174.503 164.174 154.904 146.557 139.01422 295.990 271.713 250.437 231.722 215.201 200.562 187.545 175.930 165.530 156.185 147.761 140.14323 294.654 270.815 249.873 231.412 215.080 200.582 187.668 176.125 165.774 156.462 148.057 140.44824 290.645 267.515 247.146 229.148 213.191 198.998 186.331 174.990 164.803 155.625 147.330 139.81125 284.697 262.451 242.810 225.415 209.958 196.180 183.860 172.810 162.868 153.896 145.776 138.40526 279.994 258.514 239.501 222.621 207.588 194.160 182.129 171.318 161.574 152.768 144.785 137.53027 277.269 256.358 237.804 221.291 206.553 193.361 181.518 170.857 161.232 152.519 144.610 137.41328 273.568 253.329 235.324 219.261 204.892 192.001 180.406 169.947 160.488 151.912 144.115 137.00829 270.626 250.983 233.464 217.796 203.748 191.119 179.735 169.447 160.127 151.662 143.954 136.91930 267.293 248.273 231.265 216.017 202.314 189.966 178.814 168.716 159.551 151.213 143.608 136.65731 263.249 244.916 228.479 213.707 200.398 188.380 177.501 167.631 158.655 150.474 143.001 136.15932 258.771 241.143 225.297 211.019 198.124 186.454 175.867 166.242 157.473 149.465 142.137 135.41833 254.582 237.635 222.359 208.560 196.069 184.736 174.434 165.047 156.478 148.639 141.454 134.85334 250.294 234.029 219.327 206.013 193.930 182.943 172.931 163.791 155.430 147.766 140.729 134.25435 244.994 229.464 215.389 202.609 190.983 180.385 170.707 161.852 153.735 146.281 139.423 133.10336 238.761 224.033 210.648 198.462 187.348 177.192 167.896 159.372 151.541 144.336 137.694 131.56137 233.589 219.572 206.797 195.136 184.473 174.706 165.745 157.510 149.928 142.937 136.481 130.50838 229.023 215.658 203.444 192.265 182.018 172.608 163.954 155.983 148.629 141.834 135.547 129.71939 222.733 210.133 198.586 187.989 178.249 169.282 161.016 153.384 146.327 139.793 133.734 128.10740 216.401 204.542 193.643 183.613 174.370 165.840 157.957 150.662 143.901 137.627 131.798 126.37441 210.028 198.897 188.638 179.172 170.424 162.330 154.832 147.876 141.414 135.406 129.810 124.59342 204.100 193.642 183.977 175.034 166.748 159.062 151.923 145.285 139.105 133.345 127.970 122.94843 197.533 187.779 178.739 170.349 162.556 155.307 148.558 142.266 136.395 130.910 125.780 120.97744 189.456 180.467 172.111 164.335 157.092 150.336 144.030 138.137 132.624 127.461 122.621 118.08045 184.339 175.927 168.084 160.766 153.930 147.538 141.555 135.951 130.695 125.762 121.128 116.76946 176.420 168.715 161.511 154.768 148.453 142.531 136.975 131.756 126.849 122.233 117.886 113.78847 168.758 161.720 155.120 148.925 143.107 137.636 132.489 127.641 123.073 118.764 114.697 110.85448 160.727 154.343 148.338 142.685 137.360 132.341 127.605 123.133 118.908 114.913 111.133 107.55349 153.618 147.817 142.345 137.179 132.299 127.686 123.322 119.191 115.277 111.568 108.049 104.70950 153.069 147.558 142.344 137.408 132.732 128.299 124.096 120.106 116.317 112.716 109.292 106.03551 141.526 136.739 132.196 127.881 123.783 119.886 116.180 112.652 109.293 106.093 103.041 100.13152 133.638 129.389 125.345 121.494 117.824 114.326 110.989 107.804 104.763 101.859 99.083 96.42853 124.714 121.016 117.486 114.113 110.889 107.808 104.860 102.038 99.337 96.750 94.270 91.89354 116.352 113.149 110.081 107.141 104.324 101.622 99.030 96.543 94.154 91.860 89.657 87.53855 111.488 108.637 105.898 103.267 100.737 98.304 95.964 93.711 91.543 89.455 87.444 85.50656 100.973 98.616 96.345 94.156 92.045 90.008 88.044 86.148 84.317 82.549 80.842 79.19157 91.641 89.704 87.832 86.022 84.272 82.578 80.939 79.353 77.817 76.330 74.889 73.49258 82.524 80.963 79.450 77.982 76.558 75.176 73.835 72.533 71.269 70.041 68.848 67.68959 73.070 71.852 70.667 69.514 68.392 67.300 66.237 65.201 64.193 63.211 62.254 61.32260 63.428 62.514 61.622 60.752 59.903 59.073 58.264 57.473 56.700 55.945 55.208 54.48761 52.977 52.338 51.711 51.098 50.497 49.909 49.333 48.768 48.215 47.673 47.142 46.62262 42.936 42.517 42.106 41.702 41.306 40.916 40.533 40.157 39.787 39.423 39.066 38.71563 32.406 32.167 31.931 31.698 31.469 31.244 31.021 30.802 30.585 30.372 30.162 29.95564 21.925 21.815 21.706 21.599 21.492 21.387 21.283 21.180 21.079 20.978 20.879 20.78065 11.327 11.297 11.268 11.238 11.209 11.180 11.152 11.123 11.095 11.067 11.039 11.012
APPENDIX
.
Population and Methods

85

.

V. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS

A. Overview

This study is based on over 16.6 million records of Social

Security Disability Insurance (DI) worker beneficiaries drawn

from the administration’s Master Beneficiary Record (MBR) in

February 2019. The 5-year observation period covers January

1, 2011 through December 31, 2015. These records provide

34.8 million life-years of exposure for males and 31.6 million

life-years of exposure for females. The primary variables of

interest are: the reason for termination of benefits, the age at

entitlement, the number of years since entitlement, and sex of

the beneficiary.

The main reasons that disabled workers stop receiving disability benefits are:

• Conversion to old-age benefits;

• Death of the beneficiary; and

• Recovery—includes medical recovery or return to SGA.

There are a small number of terminations due to other reasons

that are not explicitly examined. The table below provides the

number of deaths and recoveries observed during the observation period. To a certain extent, this study traverses the activity

of the OASI rolls by tracking deaths of former disabled workers who converted to old-age worker benefits either by choice

or upon attaining normal retirement age.

Source: MBR database as of February 2019. Refer to Table 5 in section IV for

the number of conversions and terminations due to other reasons. The number

of deaths and recoveries shown above will differ from those found in Table 5

due to differences in statistical methods used in tabulations. The number of

deaths will be dramatically different as they include a substantial number from

the OASI rolls.

B. Data Considerations

Death termination experience of the DI rolls is affected by several unique circumstances. Since experience begins with entitlement, deaths that occur during the 5-month waiting period

prior to entitlement to DI benefits are outside the scope of this

study. It is also true that a claimant may die in the first month

of entitlement, or before final disposition of the disability

claim—in which case only retroactive disability benefits may

be payable. These cases are handled by counting the death, but

crediting no exposure on the record.

Participants in this study may have multiple periods of disability under examination. There are instances, however, where

very little time passes between periods of entitlement for reasons such as a failed work-attempt, an expedited reinstatement,

or a successful appeal of an unfavorable CDR. So although a

recovery termination has occurred, the beneficiary may be

back on the rolls shortly thereafter. Also, it is not uncommon

for beneficiaries with multiple periods of disability to become

re-entitled under the same or a similar impairment. Although

re-entering the rolls at a different entitlement age, such individuals may, in essence, recover from the same disability more

than once.

C. Data Selection

After various screenings and checks, data for up to five separate periods of disability were included for the following beneficiaries in the final overall sample:

• Workers entitled to disability benefits at some time during

the observation period;

• Workers entitled to old-age benefits at some time during

the observation period who are former disabled-worker

beneficiaries with no break between DI and OASI

entitlement.

In prior versions of this study, exclusions were made for persons from the Special Disability Workload (SDW)—SSI recipients who were potentially eligible for DI benefits due to

previously unrecognized disability-insured status. The exclusions and adjustments are no longer needed as the processing

of this workload was completed before the observation period

of the current study.

D. Methods

The availability of complete data on each person in the study

(sex, date of birth, date of entitlement, date of decrement, and

cause of decrement) allows for direct estimation of the multiple-decrement probabilities , where represents the cause

of decrement. Each unit age interval represents one

life-year of potential exposure. For each interval that an individual is under observation, the person enters the interval at

age , and is scheduled to exit the interval at age

. Note that except for instances where

the beginning of the observation period falls within the age

interval. Similarly except for instances where the end of

the observation period falls within the interval. Clearly, is

the amount of time that the person is scheduled to be exposed

to the risks of decrement. The total scheduled exposure for an

interval is obtained by summing over all persons.27

Number of Disabled Worker Terminations, by Reason

(January 2011-December 2015)

Reason Male Female Total

Death 1,401,390 939,400 2,340,790

Recovery 133,275 121,957 255,232

Total 1,534,665 1,061,357 2,596,022

27For a complete discussion, refer to Survival Models and Their Estimation

(London 1988, second edition).

q( )i i

(x, x + 1 ]

x r + 0( ) ≤ r < 1

x s + 0( ) < s ≤ 1 r = 0

s = 1

s r –
Appendices

86

As an example of the above method, consider a disabled

worker entering an interval at age . The scheduled ending

age, , is established for the interval under the expectation

that the person will either survive to the end , or exit the

study due to the end of the observation period . Scheduled exposure is then credited as follows: if the person survives

to the end of the interval, then exposure is credited from 

to ; if the person dies or recovers during the interval,

exposure is still credited from to ;28 if the observation period ends during the interval, then exposure is credited

from to . A modification is made to the way exposure is calculated for determining recovery probabilities. Since

recovery is no longer a consideration after converting to oldage benefits, exposure is credited only up until the month of

the switch.

Multiple-decrement probabilities are calculated by dividing the

observed number of deaths or recoveries in an interval by the

aggregate scheduled exposure for that interval. As will be discussed later, single-decrement (absolute) rates can be derived

from these probabilities by using a constant force assumption

for the distribution of decrement within the interval.29

E. Entitlement Age and Exposure

This is a select-and-ultimate study with a 10-year select period

implying that the risks of decrement for beneficiaries 10 or

more years beyond entitlement are no longer a function of entitlement age, but a function of attained age only.

Rarely does entitlement to disability benefits occur on a beneficiary’s birthday. To facilitate exposure calculations, insuring

age and the corresponding insuring date of birth may be substituted for the actual age at entitlement and the actual date of

birth, respectively. This study uses an insuring age that is set at

the beneficiary’s age last birthday as of entitlement. As an

example:

Date of entitlement: February 1, 2015

Date of birth: July 10, 1970

Actual age at entitlement: 44 years, 206 days

Insuring age: 44 years

Insuring date of birth: February 1, 1971

Use of the integral insuring age at entitlement ensures that subsequent durations begin on the beneficiary’s birthday. This is

true whether the participant enters the study during the observation period, or is already part of the entitlement group when

the observation period opens.

F. Duration and Graduation

The unit intervals for which a beneficiary is under observation

are called durations. For each entitlement age and duration

, the quantity represents the amount of exposure contributed to the observation interval . For

durations beyond the 10-year select period, exposure is credited to the appropriate attained age interval .

The select-and-ultimate multiple-decrement probabilities are

graduated using the two-dimensional Whittaker-Henderson

Type B method.30 The horizontal and vertical smoothing coefficients were chosen to obtain some degree of smoothness

within individual durations (columns) as well as within entitlement ages (rows), without deviating much from the original

estimates.

G. Continuance Tables

Continuance Tables 8A-8C are constructed from select-andultimate death probabilities. The values are

first calculated for entitlement age , using a radix of

100,000. This step determines values for the ultimate period of

the table and attained ages greater than 75. Values for entitlement ages are then derived from the ultimate values

by working backwards. For example, is determined from

 using the survival probabilities of the select period for

the given entitlement age. The value for is the number of

lives remaining from the original who have attained age

. The number alive at any given entitlement or attained

age is not an actual count of disability beneficiaries, but is the

product of combining probabilities with an arbitrary radix.

Continuance tables for the decrement of recovery (15A-15B)

and the combined decrements of death and recovery (22A22C) are constructed in the same manner. Since recovery is no

longer considered after attaining normal retirement age, Tables

15A-15B are truncated after attained age 65.31

The continuance tables are read across the row, or select

period, for 0-10 years since entitlement, then down the last column, or ultimate period for 10 or more years since entitlement.

The example below uses numbers from Table 8A for male disabled beneficiaries becoming entitled at age 50.

28All persons are expected to survive to the end of the interval, even those who 

wind up dying or recovering at age . The important point is that 

decrement was not expected so the scheduled ending age is set at . 29For a complete discussion on multiple-decrement probabilities, the associated single-decrement rates, and construction of the select-and-ultimate multiple-decrement tables found in this study, the reader is referred to Actuarial 

Mathematics (Bowers et al. 1997).

x r +

x s +

( ) s = 1

( ) s < 1

x r +

x + 1

x r + x + 1

xtxs + ≤ + x + 1

x r + x s +

30For details, refer to Graduation: The Revision of Estimates (London 1985). 31For the observation period 2011-15, all disabled beneficiaries born 1945-49 

are converted to old-age benefits at age 66. (Disability beneficiaries born 1944 

or earlier will have converted before beginning of observation period.) See 

chart in section I.

Completed years

of entitlement

Number

living

Probability of

continuance Attained age

0 78,815 1.000 50

1 75,453 .957 51

5 67,568 .857 55

10 58,051 .737 60

15 47,884 .608 65

[ ] x

n s r –

([ ] x + n, [ ] x + + n 1 ]

(x n + , x + + n 1 ]

l[ ] x l[ ] x + 1 ... l

110 , , ,

[ ] x = 16

[ ] x > 16

l[ ] x

lx + 10

l[ ] x + t

l[ ] x

[ ] x + t
Population and Methods

87

H. Expected Future Time on Rolls

Tables showing expected future time on the rolls are derived

from the continuance functions described above using the basic

actuarial principles found in any standard actuarial text on life

contingencies. We also present in this study the results of

aggregating over duration, by entitlement age (see Tables 11,

18, and 25) or attained age (see Tables 12, 19, and 26).

Expected future time for a specific entitlement age is an exposure-weighted average of the expected future time at each

duration of that age. This differs from the expected future time

for a specific attained age, which is an exposure-weighted

average of the expected future time at various durations of various entitlement ages.

For example, expected future time for entitlement age 40 is a

weighted average of the expected times across the select row

and down the ultimate column. Each cell represents a different

attained age. In contrast, expected future time for attained age

40 is a weighted average of the expected times for a 40-yearold at duration 0, a 39-year-old at duration 1,...and a 16-yearold at duration 24—all of whom are attained age 40.

I. Probabilities and Absolute Rates

In this study we present probabilities of decrement for two of

the several decrements affecting the disabled population—

death and recovery. The symbol represents the probability

of death in the presence of the other decrements and is defined

as follows:

 = 

where is the probability of continuance under all decrements; and is the force of mortality. The probability of

recovery is similarly defined.

For each cause of decrement in a multiple-decrement model, it

is possible to associate a single-decrement rate that depends

only on a particular cause of decrement. For example, 

represents the single-decrement (absolute) rate of death and is

defined as follows:

= 

where is the probability of not dying. In this representation, beneficiaries who decrement for causes other than death

are “taken out” of the total number exposed. Observation stops

at the point of non-death decrement resulting in total exposure

which is somewhat less than that used in formulating death

probabilities.

For example, the multiple-decrement probability is calculated for each combination of entitlement age and duration by

dividing the observed number of deaths by the exposure for

that cell. Assuming a uniform distribution for each decrement

over the age interval , the absolute rate of death 

can be calculated by dividing the observed number of deaths

by the exposure for that cell reduced by one-half of the number

of recoveries observed for that cell. The absolute rate of recovery is similarly defined.

This study uses an alternative method to calculate absolute

rates. First, derive the total decrement probability:

Then derive the absolute rates using the assumption of constant

force for each decrement over the age interval :

Absolute rates are presented on a “per thousand” basis.

J. Annuity Tables

In general, a life annuity is a series of payments made at regular intervals (such as months or years) during the lifetime of the

annuitant. Payments may be limited to a given number of

years, or payable for the whole of life, and are made at the

beginning (due) or end (immediate) of each period. Any standard actuarial text on life contingencies will explain the present

value calculation of an annuity.

The table below illustrates the present value of lifetime combined DI and OASI benefits (considering only the possibility

of death), as well as DI benefits to age 66 (NRA) for a male

worker entitled to disability benefits at age 50. To simplify calculations, we assume no cost-of-living adjustments to benefits.

.

q( ) d

qx

( ) d

pt x

( ) τ

μx t +

( ) d dt

0

1



p( ) τ

μ( ) d

q( )r

q′

( ) d

qx

′( ) d

p′ t x

( ) d

μx t +

( ) d dt

0

1



p′

( ) d

Present Value of Future Benefits, Male Age 50

(3 percent annual interest rate)

$14,400 annual payment

Annuity value (Table 28A) 13.126

Life annuity $189,014

Annuity value (Table 30A) 9.664

Life annuity to age 66 $139,162

$1,200 monthly payment

Annuity value (Table 28B) 162.965

Life annuity $195,558

Annuity value (Table 30B) 119.513

Life annuity to age 66 $143,416

q( ) d

(x, x + 1 ) q′

( ) d

q′

( )r

q( ) τq( ) dq( )r = +

(x, x + 1 )

q′( ) d 1 1 q( ) τ –[ ] – q( ) d q( ) τ ⁄ =

q′( )r 1 1 q( ) τ –[ ] – q( )r q( ) τ ⁄ =
Appendices

88

K. Adjusted Decrement Rates

Shifts in the age, gender, and impairment composition of the

DI rolls occur over time. To compare disability rates of termination due to death and recovery between different observation

periods, we need to eliminate the distortions caused by these

shifts. Gross rates are adjusted to provide a measure of the rate

at which disabled individuals are dying or recovering that is

independent of demographic and programmatic shifts.

As explained in section D of this appendix, gross decrement

rates are calculated by dividing the observed number of terminations due to death or recovery in an interval by the aggregate

exposure for that interval. Adjusted decrement rates for a group

of beneficiaries in a particular observation period are calculated by dividing the adjusted number of terminations due to

death or recovery by the aggregate exposure for that group in

the standard DI beneficiary population. “Adjusted decrements” represent the number that would occur in a group if the

exposure had the same age-sex-duration-specific profile as the

exposure of the standard population, and are computed by multiplying the age-sex-duration-specific decrement rates of the

particular observation period by the age-sex-duration-specific

exposures of the standard population. The resulting adjusted

decrements are summed across durations (or over entitlement

ages) and divided by the corresponding exposure of the standard population to get duration-adjusted (or age-adjusted)

rates.

The following tables compare the adjusted death and recovery

rates for various age and duration groupings, over the 20-year

period 1996-2015. Results are split into four different 5-year

observation periods. The standard DI beneficiary exposure

population used in the calculations corresponds to the 2011-15

observation period.

Tables K1-K3 show adjusted death rates by various entitlement age, attained age, and duration groupings. In general, DI

disabled worker death rates have steadily declined over all

observation periods. The overall death rate of roughly 46

deaths per thousand as measured over the period 1996-2000

has fallen to 35 per thousand by 2011-15. There was a decline

from each observation period to the next with about half of the

decline occurring in observation period 2006-10. Over the

entire 20-year period, the overall mortality rate fell by 11 per

thousand for males, and 8 per thousand for females. The reasons for mortality improvement among disabled workers have

been discussed in detail in this and the prior actuarial studies

dedicated to the specific observation periods. Main factors

include a greater proportion of musculoskeletal and mental

impairments, advancement in medical treatments, and broader

use of vocational factors in disability determinations.

Tables K4-K6 show adjusted recovery rates by various entitlement age, attained age, and duration groupings. Chance of

recovery is not applicable beyond normal retirement age, at

which time disabled workers are converted to old-age benefits.

As detailed throughout the prior studies, changes in recovery

experience can be less intuitive than changes in mortality experience since rates are largely affected by exogenous variables.

The overall recovery rate spiked to 9.6 recoveries per thousand

in 1996-00 before settling back to 6.6 in 2001-05. This was followed by a drop to 5.2 in 2006-10 and remained at 5.2 in 2011-

15. The erratic pattern is, in part, due to a spike in recoveries

from eliminating DA&A impairments in the 1996-00 period,

followed by constraints in special funding needed to complete

CDRs in the 2006-10 period.
Population and Methods

89

Table K1.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker DEATH Rates 

Comparison by Entitlement Age

(Deaths per 1000 beneficiaries)

Table K2.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker DEATH Rates 

Comparison by Attained Age

(Deaths per 1000 beneficiaries)

Entl

Age

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

16-19 10.11 10.61 10.25 10.80

20-24 12.22 13.07 12.90 12.86

25-29 18.21 18.56 18.18 18.19

30-34 24.27 23.18 22.09 22.15

35-39 30.04 28.94 26.44 26.39

40-44 38.41 36.42 32.54 32.03

45-49 48.72 46.26 41.27 39.77

50-54 58.02 53.84 47.63 44.87

55-59 68.37 62.41 54.39 50.77

60+ 86.55 79.64 67.80 61.47

Total 51.71 48.28 42.59 40.26

Female

16-19 8.51 8.31 7.97 8.05

20-24 10.20 10.14 9.74 9.81

25-29 13.20 12.97 12.78 13.25

30-34 15.79 15.48 14.89 15.47

35-39 20.04 19.06 17.83 18.59

40-44 25.88 24.56 22.40 22.62

45-49 34.13 31.84 28.76 28.10

50-54 40.98 38.36 33.77 32.17

55-59 51.11 48.09 41.62 38.19

60+ 67.58 66.33 54.83 49.44

Total 37.40 35.61 31.26 29.70

Total

16-19 9.57 9.82 9.38 9.73

20-24 11.53 12.02 11.67 11.65

25-29 16.36 16.36 15.85 16.01

30-34 21.00 19.97 18.85 19.02

35-39 25.96 24.55 22.40 22.60

40-44 33.01 30.87 27.61 27.32

45-49 42.14 39.28 35.04 33.81

50-54 50.31 46.37 40.79 38.47

55-59 61.08 55.98 48.53 44.87

60+ 79.39 74.28 62.40 56.31

Total 45.69 42.59 37.33 35.23

Attained

Age

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

16-19 16.81 10.97 9.14 9.20

20-24 15.23 10.74 9.55 8.56

25-29 16.81 12.81 10.86 9.50

30-34 21.16 15.42 13.29 11.55

35-39 22.50 18.35 16.15 14.05

40-44 25.80 22.56 20.07 17.71

45-49 30.82 28.66 25.61 23.23

50-54 36.89 33.75 31.92 28.90

55-59 44.40 39.15 36.24 34.34

60-64 53.21 46.14 41.85 40.06

65-69 60.85 54.94 48.64 45.30

70-74 80.11 73.08 64.72 62.00

75-79 104.49 99.69 88.49 84.80

80-84 140.59 136.75 124.48 119.54

85+ 194.40 205.34 195.57 193.25

Total 52.05 47.18 42.74 40.26

Female

16-19 12.91 9.45 8.93 8.13

20-24 13.40 9.97 8.30 8.36

25-29 13.30 10.88 9.28 9.03

30-34 14.53 12.02 11.00 10.44

35-39 16.29 14.28 12.90 12.09

40-44 19.54 17.50 15.65 14.62

45-49 23.77 21.04 19.33 17.74

50-54 27.87 24.53 22.12 20.78

55-59 32.17 28.42 25.25 23.55

60-64 38.23 33.10 30.14 28.41

65-69 42.83 39.13 34.01 32.61

70-74 54.42 52.28 46.51 44.33

75-79 70.30 72.35 66.03 63.11

80-84 98.24 101.92 96.42 93.51

85+ 167.19 188.61 168.60 169.29

Total 37.53 34.78 31.25 29.70

Total

16-19 15.27 10.35 9.05 8.75

20-24 14.50 10.41 9.03 8.48

25-29 15.38 11.93 10.14 9.30

30-34 18.46 13.86 12.17 11.03

35-39 19.95 16.50 14.56 13.08

40-44 23.18 20.27 17.94 16.17

45-49 27.82 25.18 22.61 20.53

50-54 32.96 29.53 27.23 24.93

55-59 39.20 34.30 31.10 29.15

60-64 47.29 40.51 36.54 34.63

65-69 54.04 48.43 42.12 39.43

70-74 70.03 64.70 56.81 53.75

75-79 89.57 88.03 78.81 74.80

80-84 119.65 119.99 111.50 107.48

85+ 179.92 195.96 180.35 180.35

Total 45.97 41.72 37.44 35.23
Appendices

90

Table K3.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker

DEATH Rates Comparison by Duration

(Deaths per 1000 beneficiaries)

Table K4.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker RECOVERY 

Rates Comparison by Entitlement Age

(Recoveries per 1000 beneficiaries)

Duration

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

0 89.35 69.58 59.03 55.22

1 49.25 43.24 39.68 36.89

2 38.98 34.66 32.02 29.62

3 35.95 32.74 30.08 27.86

4 35.16 32.30 29.18 27.34

5 35.36 33.65 29.63 28.42

6 36.58 34.24 30.50 29.15

7 37.98 35.62 31.66 29.95

8 40.03 36.57 32.88 31.10

9 41.44 37.71 34.50 32.43

0-9 44.85 39.56 35.37 33.19

10-19 50.89 46.26 41.57 39.78

20-29 67.57 65.49 60.37 57.31

30+ 77.19 87.00 85.97 83.98

Total 50.77 46.73 42.43 40.26

Female

0 66.82 52.24 45.16 42.16

1 38.59 33.94 31.49 28.99

2 27.83 25.88 23.80 22.55

3 24.22 22.87 21.03 20.07

4 22.87 22.06 19.93 19.29

5 23.10 21.96 19.53 19.08

6 23.65 22.68 19.92 19.77

7 24.40 23.44 20.81 20.18

8 25.78 23.89 21.56 20.68

9 26.70 24.47 22.38 21.37

0-9 31.16 27.90 25.07 23.85

10-19 34.26 31.87 28.53 27.31

20-29 50.04 51.49 48.40 45.96

30+ 83.64 94.51 91.89 91.83

Total 36.01 34.02 31.00 29.70

Total

0 79.31 61.61 52.68 49.05

1 44.52 38.93 35.86 33.16

2 34.06 30.56 28.15 26.30

3 30.83 28.11 25.80 24.21

4 29.85 27.47 24.80 23.55

5 30.12 28.16 24.83 23.99

6 31.11 28.83 25.45 24.64

7 32.28 29.95 26.44 25.19

8 34.09 30.72 27.39 26.00

9 35.36 31.68 28.59 27.00

0-9 38.94 34.15 30.50 28.74

10-19 44.37 40.08 35.48 33.61

20-29 60.00 59.83 55.55 52.24

30+ 82.51 90.55 88.35 87.25

Total 44.72 41.12 37.18 35.23

Entl

Age

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

16-19 32.80 18.26 21.17 20.93

20-24 23.07 13.77 11.46 12.91

25-29 21.87 13.23 9.80 10.68

30-34 20.23 12.44 8.94 8.95

35-39 16.83 10.50 7.67 7.27

40-44 12.09 8.05 5.96 5.63

45-49 7.33 5.41 4.37 4.24

50-54 3.58 2.97 2.57 2.49

55-59 1.64 1.53 1.43 1.44

60-NRA 0.48 0.80 0.48 0.58

Total 10.29 6.64 5.19 5.24

Female

16-19 32.34 19.49 21.09 22.96

20-24 21.66 14.90 12.23 14.20

25-29 19.22 14.08 10.78 12.29

30-34 17.07 12.38 9.44 9.76

35-39 13.82 10.42 7.83 7.36

40-44 9.86 8.00 5.92 5.41

45-49 6.18 5.30 4.20 3.86

50-54 3.03 3.03 2.58 2.37

55-59 1.47 1.57 1.49 1.45

60-NRA 0.41 0.53 0.52 0.60

Total 8.57 6.61 5.21 5.21

Total

16-19 32.64 18.69 21.14 21.72

20-24 22.58 14.17 11.76 13.43

25-29 20.89 13.57 10.22 11.39

30-34 19.00 12.41 9.17 9.34

35-39 15.59 10.46 7.74 7.31

40-44 11.12 8.03 5.94 5.52

45-49 6.81 5.36 4.29 4.04

50-54 3.33 3.00 2.57 2.43

55-59 1.56 1.55 1.46 1.44

60-NRA 0.46 0.67 0.50 0.59

Total 9.57 6.62 5.20 5.23
Population and Methods

91

Table K5.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker RECOVERY 

Rates Comparison by Attained Age

(Recoveries per 1000 beneficiaries)

Table K6.—Adjusted DI Disabled Worker RECOVERY 

Rates Comparison by Duration

(Recoveries per 1000 beneficiaries)

Attained

Age

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

16-19 10.18 5.44 8.17 7.27

20-24 35.35 18.68 14.87 15.94

25-29 41.52 27.06 20.13 23.78

30-34 33.40 23.76 16.72 18.58

35-39 25.57 18.03 13.61 14.57

40-44 18.63 13.24 10.37 10.82

45-49 12.17 8.78 7.20 7.47

50-54 6.07 4.61 3.97 4.02

55-59 2.55 2.23 2.06 2.06

60-NRA 1.01 1.11 1.07 1.07

Total 8.68 6.18 4.96 5.24

Female

16-19 9.86 5.63 6.44 9.14

20-24 27.13 15.90 12.14 15.15

25-29 30.77 20.95 16.58 22.00

30-34 24.37 18.54 14.17 17.43

35-39 19.17 15.31 12.01 14.20

40-44 14.85 12.27 9.98 10.86

45-49 10.67 9.00 7.24 7.53

50-54 5.53 5.23 4.31 4.10

55-59 2.43 2.65 2.44 2.16

60-NRA 0.92 1.17 1.17 1.11

Total 7.08 5.91 4.87 5.21

Total

16-19 10.05 5.52 7.45 8.06

20-24 32.06 17.50 13.73 15.62

25-29 37.12 24.27 18.52 23.01

30-34 29.70 21.34 15.47 18.04

35-39 22.94 16.79 12.82 14.38

40-44 17.05 12.80 10.18 10.84

45-49 11.53 8.88 7.22 7.50

50-54 5.84 4.89 4.13 4.06

55-59 2.50 2.42 2.24 2.11

60-NRA 0.97 1.14 1.12 1.09

Total 8.01 6.05 4.91 5.23

Duration

Observation Period

1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 2011-15

Male

0 4.11 3.72 2.87 3.23

1 9.32 6.75 5.79 5.90

2 7.86 4.33 2.90 2.73

3 11.06 6.88 3.48 4.31

4 17.44 12.46 8.51 9.31

5 16.13 11.09 8.21 8.97

6 13.55 9.52 7.84 8.27

7 11.18 8.69 7.38 7.45

8 9.66 7.98 6.84 6.80

9 8.43 7.43 6.35 6.26

0-9 10.65 7.61 5.69 6.03

10-19 5.05 4.95 4.55 4.56

20-29 1.42 2.09 1.47 1.80

30+ 0.42 1.18 0.43 0.44

Total 8.45 6.43 4.99 5.24

Female

0 3.19 2.81 2.52 3.06

1 7.02 5.71 5.36 5.78

2 5.36 3.82 2.78 2.62

3 8.09 6.06 3.03 4.17

4 13.68 11.09 7.64 8.78

5 12.58 10.14 7.50 8.17

6 10.92 8.90 7.40 7.84

7 9.50 8.33 7.07 7.09

8 8.55 8.08 6.71 6.57

9 7.69 7.57 6.28 6.21

0-9 8.39 6.95 5.35 5.79

10-19 4.74 5.03 4.74 4.62

20-29 1.69 2.38 1.88 2.00

30+ 0.32 0.87 0.48 0.47

Total 7.01 6.13 4.93 5.21

Total

0 3.71 3.28 2.71 3.15

1 8.32 6.26 5.59 5.84

2 6.78 4.08 2.84 2.68

3 9.79 6.49 3.26 4.25

4 15.84 11.81 8.08 9.06

5 14.62 10.65 7.86 8.59

6 12.43 9.23 7.62 8.06

7 10.46 8.52 7.22 7.27

8 9.19 8.03 6.78 6.68

9 8.11 7.49 6.31 6.23

0-9 9.68 7.29 5.52 5.92

10-19 4.88 4.96 4.63 4.59

20-29 1.50 2.18 1.61 1.88

30+ 0.41 1.15 0.45 0.45

Total 7.84 6.28 4.95 5.23
Appendices

92

L. Processing Time

Becoming entitled to benefits under the DI program requires an

individual to file a claim. Benefits become payable once SSA

determines that the claimant satisfies the definition of disability and all other requirements. The amount of time it takes to

establish disability entitlement varies for any number of reasons. So a significant lag may exist between the first month of

entitlement and first month of payment. An allowance is a

determination by the DDS, OHO, OAO, or Federal District

Court that the claimant meets the medical definition of disability under the Social Security Act. Based on data from administrative records, we can measure the average processing time

from the date of filing to the date of disposition of the claim.

Obviously, the process time lengthens as the claimant appeals

unfavorable determinations and moves through the levels of

review—Reconsideration, Hearings, Appeals Council, and

finally Federal Court.

Table L shows the average processing time in months for an

allowance by the various levels of review. Data are also split by

claims filed for DI-only (Title II) benefits as well as concurrent

entitlement to DI and SSI (Title XVI) benefits. Results are

based on longitudinal claim data for filing cohorts 2009-18,

which are tracked from initial filing through level of allowance. As shown, there can be a significant number of claims

still awaiting final adjudication to either allow or deny benefits. As pending claims are cleared, the average processing

time for allowances will ultimately exceed the values in the

table. Processing times vary with factors such as claim volume,

work flow, and size of backlogs.

Table L.—DI Disabled Worker Average Processing Time 

for Allowance, by Level of Review

Year of

Filing

AllowancesClaims

Pending

Process Time (In months)

Total DI-only DI-SSI

Initial determinations

2009 652,216 - 5.49 5.16 6.02

2010 653,094 - 5.46 5.16 5.99

2011 617,959 - 5.20 4.95 5.67

2012 598,531 - 5.25 4.98 5.76

2013 555,279 - 5.23 4.96 5.76

2014 528,173 - 5.34 5.05 5.97

2015 490,086 - 5.34 5.04 6.02

2016 469,656 - 5.33 5.04 6.01

2017 446,177 - 5.23 4.99 5.78

2018 413,809 29,799 5.04 4.86 5.47

Reconsiderations

2009 58,593 - 11.34 11.01 11.71

2010 57,501 - 10.88 10.61 11.22

2011 59,471 - 10.65 10.46 10.90

2012 57,938 - 10.67 10.52 10.88

2013 52,215 - 10.65 10.50 10.86

2014 51,976 - 10.98 10.79 11.27

2015 50,050 - 10.65 10.37 11.11

2016 47,411 - 10.38 10.13 10.81

2017 43,423 - 10.26 10.07 10.57

2018 30,968 55,067 9.09 8.95 9.35

OHO

2009 293,942 - 21.26 20.16 22.30

2010 304,340 - 21.02 20.09 22.00

2011 292,509 - 21.62 20.82 22.49

2012 272,664 854 24.03 23.39 24.76

2013 251,028 1,906 27.34 26.99 27.79

2014 230,343 3,462 29.27 28.96 29.70

2015 198,258 5,168 28.89 28.62 29.30

2016 172,626 20,269 26.63 26.43 26.95

2017 97,151 134,752 21.34 21.15 21.66

2018 11,832 216,924 13.52 13.27 14.08

OAO | Court

2009 1,452 - 38.17 37.77 38.44

2010 1,482 - 37.52 37.39 37.62

2011 1,338 - 38.38 38.69 38.12

2012 1,213 4,761 40.21 40.19 40.23

2013 1,258 5,007 41.99 41.24 42.71

2014 1,046 5,906 42.07 41.78 42.40

2015 670 13,241 38.61 37.98 39.27

2016 190 35,395 32.53 32.48 32.60

2017 33 23,339 22.55 21.95 23.73

2018 5 1,699 13.75 12.67 17.00
Population and Methods

93

M. Basis for Decision

In the 5-step sequential process of disability determination,

medical evidence is assessed in Step 3. When a claimant has a

severe medically determinable impairment that satisfies all the

criteria in a listing of Listing of Impairments (and meets the

duration requirement), the impairment is said to meet the listings and benefits are allowed with no further evaluation; if the

claimant has impairments not included in the listings, but are

considered medically equivalent to listed impairments, the

impairments are said to equal the listings and benefits are

allowed.

Claimants not allowed at Step 3 still have impairments that are

severe, but not severe enough to consider them disabled purely

on medical grounds. Such claimants are evaluated further in

Steps 4 and 5. Step 4 assesses residual functional capacity

(RFC) to see if past relevant work can be performed. If not,

then Step 5 assesses the RFC along with vocational factors—

age, education, and work experience—to determine whether

claimants can perform work in jobs other than those previously

held. These medical-vocational guidelines are used to determine whether any employment is possible. If not, then disability benefits are allowed.

Table M1 shows the total number of allowances by basis for

decision for the various levels of review. The splits provide a

guideline for the magnitude of allowances that occur at the various steps of adjudication. Table M2 shows the percent distribution of Table M1. Note that administrative sources may be

incomplete for roughly 2% of total allowances.

Table M3 shows the total number of allowances by basis of

decision for the various impairment categories. This split highlights the differences that exist between meets, equals, and

med-voc decisions for various disorders. For example, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and nutritional impairments tend to

show a much larger percentage of med-voc decisions than

would malignant cancers or infectious diseases. Table M4

shows the percent distribution of Table M3.

As with the distributions shown in appendix section L, results

are based on longitudinal claim data for filing cohorts 2009-18,

which are tracked from initial filing through level of allowance. For more recent years, there are a significant number of

claims still awaiting final adjudication to either allow or deny

benefits. Many of the pending claims that will ultimately be

allowed will fall under the med-voc category, which is the most

subjective part of the disability adjudication process.
Appendices

94

Table M1.—DI Disabled Worker Allowances,

by Basis for Decision

Table M2.—DI Disabled Worker Allowances,

by Basis for Decision (Percentage)

Year of

Filing Total Meets Equals Med-Voc Unknown

Initial determinations

2009 652,216 236,240 50,434 340,049 25,493

2010 653,094 227,521 49,604 351,896 24,073

2011 617,959 210,028 45,811 343,336 18,784

2012 598,531 200,714 44,090 337,806 15,921

2013 555,279 190,588 39,545 308,155 16,991

2014 528,173 186,384 36,550 287,496 17,743

2015 490,086 182,154 32,521 260,022 15,389

2016 469,656 183,659 30,453 240,060 15,484

2017 446,177 182,527 28,194 220,036 15,420

2018 413,809 176,782 26,590 200,885 9,552

Reconsiderations

2009 58,593 13,405 5,070 39,331 787

2010 57,501 12,213 5,044 39,327 917

2011 59,471 11,813 5,098 41,316 1,244

2012 57,938 10,954 4,815 41,355 814

2013 52,215 9,605 4,180 37,725 705

2014 51,976 9,787 3,797 37,495 897

2015 50,050 9,324 3,748 36,036 942

2016 47,411 9,504 3,381 33,653 873

2017 43,423 9,094 3,204 30,481 644

2018 30,968 6,793 2,230 21,655 290

OHO

2009 293,942 36,965 8,770 246,194 2,013

2010 304,340 35,596 9,005 257,266 2,473

2011 292,509 33,862 9,265 246,794 2,588

2012 272,664 30,993 8,843 230,508 2,320

2013 251,028 28,222 7,880 213,489 1,437

2014 230,343 24,020 6,061 199,192 1,070

2015 198,258 18,894 3,946 174,802 616

2016 172,626 15,260 2,985 153,937 444

2017 97,151 8,579 1,434 86,949 189

2018 11,832 1,227 204 10,365 36

OAO | Court

2009 1,452 351 93 754 254

2010 1,482 389 109 722 262

2011 1,338 313 107 644 274

2012 1,213 281 92 587 253

2013 1,258 318 93 666 181

2014 1,046 255 102 570 119

2015 670 186 56 375 53

2016 190 61 20 108 1

2017 33 10 4 19 0

2018 5 2 0 3 0

Total

2009 1,006,203 286,961 64,367 626,328 28,547

2010 1,016,417 275,719 63,762 649,211 27,725

2011 971,277 256,016 60,281 632,090 22,890

2012 930,346 242,942 57,840 610,256 19,308

2013 859,780 228,733 51,698 560,035 19,314

2014 811,538 220,446 46,510 524,753 19,829

2015 739,064 210,558 40,271 471,235 17,000

2016 689,883 208,484 36,839 427,758 16,802

2017 586,784 200,210 32,836 337,485 16,253

2018 456,614 184,804 29,024 232,908 9,878

Year of

Filing

Percentage distribution 

Total Meets Equals Med-Voc Unknown

Initial determinations

2009 100.0 36.2 7.7 52.1 3.9

2010 100.0 34.8 7.6 53.9 3.7

2011 100.0 34.0 7.4 55.6 3.0

2012 100.0 33.5 7.4 56.4 2.7

2013 100.0 34.3 7.1 55.5 3.1

2014 100.0 35.3 6.9 54.4 3.4

2015 100.0 37.2 6.6 53.1 3.1

2016 100.0 39.1 6.5 51.1 3.3

2017 100.0 40.9 6.3 49.3 3.5

2018 100.0 42.7 6.4 48.5 2.3

Reconsiderations

2009 100.0 22.9 8.7 67.1 1.3

2010 100.0 21.2 8.8 68.4 1.6

2011 100.0 19.9 8.6 69.5 2.1

2012 100.0 18.9 8.3 71.4 1.4

2013 100.0 18.4 8.0 72.2 1.4

2014 100.0 18.8 7.3 72.1 1.7

2015 100.0 18.6 7.5 72.0 1.9

2016 100.0 20.0 7.1 71.0 1.8

2017 100.0 20.9 7.4 70.2 1.5

2018 100.0 21.9 7.2 69.9 0.9

OHO

2009 100.0 12.6 3.0 83.8 0.7

2010 100.0 11.7 3.0 84.5 0.8

2011 100.0 11.6 3.2 84.4 0.9

2012 100.0 11.4 3.2 84.5 0.9

2013 100.0 11.2 3.1 85.0 0.6

2014 100.0 10.4 2.6 86.5 0.5

2015 100.0 9.5 2.0 88.2 0.3

2016 100.0 8.8 1.7 89.2 0.3

2017 100.0 8.8 1.5 89.5 0.2

2018 100.0 10.4 1.7 87.6 0.3

OAO | Court

2009 100.0 24.2 6.4 51.9 17.5

2010 100.0 26.2 7.4 48.7 17.7

2011 100.0 23.4 8.0 48.1 20.5

2012 100.0 23.2 7.6 48.4 20.9

2013 100.0 25.3 7.4 52.9 14.4

2014 100.0 24.4 9.8 54.5 11.4

2015 100.0 27.8 8.4 56.0 7.9

2016 100.0 32.1 10.5 56.8 0.5

2017 100.0 30.3 12.1 57.6 0.0

2018 100.0 40.0 0.0 60.0 0.0

Total

2009 100.0 28.5 6.4 62.2 2.8

2010 100.0 27.1 6.3 63.9 2.7

2011 100.0 26.4 6.2 65.1 2.4

2012 100.0 26.1 6.2 65.6 2.1

2013 100.0 26.6 6.0 65.1 2.2

2014 100.0 27.2 5.7 64.7 2.4

2015 100.0 28.5 5.4 63.8 2.3

2016 100.0 30.2 5.3 62.0 2.4

2017 100.0 34.1 5.6 57.5 2.8

2018 100.0 40.5 6.4 51.0 2.2
Population and Methods

95

Table M3.—DI Disabled Worker Allowances, by Diagnostic Group and Basis for Decision

Impairment 

category

Basis for

decision

Year of Filing

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

Musculoskeletal

Meets 7,589 10,673 13,070 14,179 16,019 17,715 19,319 19,953 20,852 20,589

Equals 5,091 6,135 7,137 7,814 9,581 10,908 12,095 12,392 12,906 12,509

MedVoc 124,675 182,290 229,187 249,678 273,154 283,741 301,142 301,036 296,821 275,663

Unknown 878 1,915 2,779 3,045 3,438 3,659 3,990 4,757 4,881 4,345

Total 138,233 201,013 252,173 274,716 302,192 316,023 336,546 338,138 335,460 313,106

Mental

disorders

Meets 30,209 35,095 37,358 37,270 42,891 46,517 52,970 59,676 70,380 81,427

Equals 1,464 1,951 2,189 2,499 3,068 3,570 4,079 4,628 5,196 5,636

MedVoc 22,739 34,717 46,799 54,274 63,621 72,629 86,949 97,227 108,135 110,687

Unknown 6,094 10,098 9,307 8,849 10,372 9,473 9,138 10,842 13,754 15,110

Total 60,506 81,861 95,653 102,892 119,952 132,189 153,136 172,373 197,465 212,860

Cardiovascular

Meets 17,493 18,196 19,225 19,901 19,974 19,878 20,829 21,424 22,119 21,834

Equals 4,585 5,053 5,539 5,831 6,506 6,915 7,894 8,176 8,473 8,431

MedVoc 32,130 42,327 51,567 57,401 63,115 68,133 72,901 75,336 77,185 74,304

Unknown 318 512 663 714 846 873 885 1,033 1,244 1,154

Total 54,526 66,088 76,994 83,847 90,441 95,799 102,509 105,969 109,021 105,723

Cancer Meets 66,765 69,204 70,745 71,715 71,716 72,682 74,610 74,974 76,099 74,460

Equals 5,361 5,449 6,104 6,814 8,020 8,942 9,600 9,493 10,539 10,930

MedVoc 6,425 9,186 10,948 11,933 12,799 13,237 14,192 14,249 14,065 13,373

Unknown 206 325 393 399 453 503 450 449 608 515

Total 78,757 84,164 88,190 90,861 92,988 95,364 98,852 99,165 101,311 99,278

Nervous

system

Meets 22,091 23,715 24,560 24,795 25,969 26,767 28,057 28,994 31,594 32,385

Equals 3,705 4,281 4,730 5,269 5,870 6,435 7,536 7,712 7,897 7,701

MedVoc 15,587 23,420 29,226 31,568 34,797 36,497 39,247 40,547 41,840 40,562

Unknown 969 1,370 1,454 1,408 1,632 1,633 1,575 1,917 2,386 2,547

Total 42,352 52,786 59,970 63,040 68,268 71,332 76,415 79,170 83,717 83,195

Injuries Meets 5,234 6,224 6,569 5,980 6,235 6,687 7,284 8,011 8,765 9,835

Equals 1,182 1,387 1,507 1,599 1,751 1,932 2,259 2,573 2,572 2,865

MedVoc 8,510 11,796 14,736 14,825 16,904 18,612 21,332 23,829 26,649 28,479

Unknown 200 319 355 369 417 453 476 633 735 767

Total 15,126 19,726 23,167 22,773 25,307 27,684 31,351 35,046 38,721 41,946

Respiratory Meets 8,835 9,755 9,266 9,059 9,717 10,263 10,746 12,080 12,987 13,423

Equals 3,266 3,469 3,843 4,040 4,465 4,665 4,928 5,367 5,384 5,444

MedVoc 9,275 12,315 15,475 17,255 19,264 20,722 21,898 23,067 22,916 21,503

Unknown 144 225 271 336 388 371 414 488 490 540

Total 21,520 25,764 28,855 30,690 33,834 36,021 37,986 41,002 41,777 40,910

Genitourinary Meets 15,128 15,435 15,142 15,110 14,660 14,324 14,486 15,125 15,709 15,715

Equals 689 816 923 1,021 1,100 1,187 1,220 1,352 1,477 1,414

MedVoc 1,820 2,534 3,320 3,667 4,000 4,230 4,405 4,359 4,239 3,887

Unknown 150 190 204 221 240 231 230 217 284 270

Total 17,787 18,975 19,589 20,019 20,000 19,972 20,341 21,053 21,709 21,286

Nutritional/ Meets 1,205 1,483 1,675 1,789 2,207 2,318 2,475 2,650 3,164 3,189

metabolic Equals 804 978 1,204 1,310 1,724 1,978 2,351 2,345 2,554 2,662

MedVoc 5,414 8,949 12,913 15,380 19,551 22,526 25,493 27,698 30,495 30,530

Unknown 115 218 277 337 426 470 495 638 845 780

Total 7,538 11,628 16,069 18,816 23,908 27,292 30,814 33,331 37,058 37,161

Other Meets 10,255 10,430 10,874 10,760 11,058 11,582 12,166 13,129 14,050 14,104

Equals 2,877 3,317 3,663 4,074 4,425 5,166 5,878 6,243 6,764 6,775

MedVoc 6,333 9,951 13,587 15,254 17,548 19,708 22,697 24,742 26,866 27,340

Unknown 804 1,081 1,099 1,322 1,617 1,648 1,655 1,916 2,498 2,519

Total 20,269 24,779 29,223 31,410 34,648 38,104 42,396 46,030 50,178 50,738

Total Meets 184,804 200,210 208,484 210,558 220,446 228,733 242,942 256,016 275,719 286,961

Equals 29,024 32,836 36,839 40,271 46,510 51,698 57,840 60,281 63,762 64,367

MedVoc 232,908 337,485 427,758 471,235 524,753 560,035 610,256 632,090 649,211 626,328

Unknown 9,878 16,253 16,802 17,000 19,829 19,314 19,308 22,890 27,725 28,547

Total 456,614 586,784 689,883 739,064 811,538 859,780 930,346 971,277 1,016,417 1,006,203

Pending claims....................... 303,489 158,091 55,664 18,409 9,368 6,913 5,615 - - -
Appendices

96

Table M4.—DI Disabled Worker Distribution of Allowances, by Diagnostic Group and Basis for Decision 

(Percentage)

Impairment 

category

Basis for

decision

Year of Filing

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

Musculoskeletal

Meets 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.6

Equals 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0

MedVoc 90.2 90.7 90.9 90.9 90.4 89.8 89.5 89.0 88.5 88.0

Unknown 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mental

disorders

Meets 49.9 42.9 39.1 36.2 35.8 35.2 34.6 34.6 35.6 38.3

Equals 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6

MedVoc 37.6 42.4 48.9 52.7 53.0 54.9 56.8 56.4 54.8 52.0

Unknown 10.1 12.3 9.7 8.7 8.6 7.2 5.9 6.3 7.0 7.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Cardiovascular

Meets 32.1 27.5 25.0 23.7 22.1 20.7 20.3 20.2 20.3 20.7

Equals 8.4 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.0

MedVoc 58.9 64.0 67.0 68.5 69.8 71.1 71.1 71.1 70.8 70.3

Unknown 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Cancer Meets 84.8 82.2 80.2 78.9 77.1 76.2 75.5 75.6 75.1 75.0

Equals 6.8 6.5 6.9 7.5 8.6 9.4 9.7 9.6 10.4 11.0

MedVoc 8.2 10.9 12.4 13.1 13.8 13.9 14.4 14.4 13.9 13.5

Unknown 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Nervous

system

Meets 52.2 44.9 41.0 39.3 38.0 37.5 36.7 36.6 37.7 38.9

Equals 8.7 8.1 7.9 8.4 8.6 9.0 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.3

MedVoc 36.8 44.4 48.7 50.1 51.0 51.2 51.4 51.2 50.0 48.8

Unknown 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Injuries Meets 34.6 31.6 28.4 26.3 24.6 24.2 23.2 22.9 22.6 23.4

Equals 7.8 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.3 6.6 6.8

MedVoc 56.3 59.8 63.6 65.1 66.8 67.2 68.0 68.0 68.8 67.9

Unknown 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Respiratory Meets 41.1 37.9 32.1 29.5 28.7 28.5 28.3 29.5 31.1 32.8

Equals 15.2 13.5 13.3 13.2 13.2 13.0 13.0 13.1 12.9 13.3

MedVoc 43.1 47.8 53.6 56.2 56.9 57.5 57.6 56.3 54.9 52.6

Unknown 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Genitourinary Meets 85.1 81.3 77.3 75.5 73.3 71.7 71.2 71.8 72.4 73.8

Equals 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.0 6.4 6.8 6.6

MedVoc 10.2 13.4 16.9 18.3 20.0 21.2 21.7 20.7 19.5 18.3

Unknown 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Nutritional/ Meets 16.0 12.8 10.4 9.5 9.2 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 8.6

metabolic Equals 10.7 8.4 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.0 6.9 7.2

MedVoc 71.8 77.0 80.4 81.7 81.8 82.5 82.7 83.1 82.3 82.2

Unknown 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.3 2.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Other Meets 50.6 42.1 37.2 34.3 31.9 30.4 28.7 28.5 28.0 27.8

Equals 14.2 13.4 12.5 13.0 12.8 13.6 13.9 13.6 13.5 13.4

MedVoc 31.3 40.2 46.5 48.6 50.6 51.7 53.5 53.8 53.5 53.9

Unknown 3.9 4.3 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 4.1 5.0 4.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Meets 40.5 34.1 30.2 28.5 27.2 26.6 26.1 26.4 27.1 28.5

Equals 6.4 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.4

MedVoc 51.0 57.5 62.0 63.8 64.7 65.1 65.6 65.1 63.9 62.2

Unknown 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Population and Methods

97

N. Average Monthly Benefit

Table N shows the average monthly benefit for disabled workers in current-payment status for the various impairment categories. The mix of beneficiaries for any particular category can

change from year to year as new beneficiaries are awarded and

current beneficiaries are terminated, which can cause variation

in the average benefit paid. However, the average amount generally increases year-over-year due to the annual cost-of-living

adjustment. Other category includes blood, congenital, digestive, infectious, and skin impairments.

Table N.—DI Disabled Worker Average Monthly Benefit, by Diagnostic Group

Impairment

category 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Male

Musculoskeletal $1,503 $1,459 $1,429 $1,424 $1,425 $1,404 $1,387 $1,367 $1,318 $1,317 $1,318

Mental disorders 1,105 1,077 1,058 1,058 1,063 1,052 1,042 1,027 991 992 995

Cardiovascular 1,495 1,453 1,425 1,423 1,428 1,411 1,399 1,384 1,338 1,341 1,347

Cancer 1,625 1,571 1,531 1,519 1,518 1,495 1,481 1,465 1,409 1,410 1,415

Nervous system 1,414 1,372 1,343 1,338 1,339 1,319 1,303 1,283 1,235 1,232 1,231

Injuries 1,362 1,322 1,294 1,290 1,293 1,272 1,255 1,235 1,189 1,185 1,182

Respiratory 1,468 1,425 1,396 1,393 1,398 1,380 1,370 1,356 1,313 1,318 1,323

Genitourinary 1,412 1,370 1,338 1,332 1,336 1,316 1,302 1,283 1,237 1,233 1,230

Nutritional 1,371 1,336 1,312 1,312 1,316 1,300 1,288 1,272 1,230 1,230 1,232

Other 1,325 1,288 1,264 1,261 1,264 1,246 1,232 1,212 1,168 1,165 1,164

Total $1,360 $1,320 $1,293 $1,289 $1,290 $1,271 $1,256 $1,237 $1,191 $1,189 $1,191

Female

Musculoskeletal $1,143 $1,106 $1,080 $1,073 $1,070 $1,049 $1,030 $1,008 $966 $960 $953

Mental disorders 1,012 982 961 956 954 937 920 901 865 862 860

Cardiovascular 1,133 1,094 1,067 1,059 1,054 1,034 1,015 994 952 945 937

Cancer 1,283 1,236 1,198 1,184 1,179 1,154 1,134 1,114 1,067 1,060 1,057

Nervous system 1,181 1,144 1,116 1,109 1,104 1,082 1,062 1,038 996 989 983

Injuries 1,119 1,083 1,056 1,049 1,046 1,025 1,007 986 946 940 933

Respiratory 1,075 1,039 1,014 1,008 1,006 988 973 955 918 913 910

Genitourinary 1,148 1,110 1,083 1,074 1,072 1,052 1,035 1,014 971 965 959

Nutritional 1,049 1,015 993 986 981 961 941 919 880 873 866

Other 1,108 1,074 1,051 1,044 1,042 1,023 1,007 987 948 942 938

Total $1,104 $1,069 $1,043 $1,036 $1,032 $1,011 $993 $972 $931 $925 $920

Total

Musculoskeletal $1,317 $1,278 $1,251 $1,246 $1,245 $1,225 $1,208 $1,187 $1,142 $1,138 $1,136

Mental disorders 1,058 1,029 1,009 1,007 1,008 994 982 965 930 928 930

Cardiovascular 1,365 1,325 1,299 1,296 1,298 1,281 1,268 1,251 1,207 1,207 1,209

Cancer 1,438 1,389 1,351 1,338 1,336 1,313 1,297 1,280 1,230 1,227 1,227

Nervous system 1,290 1,251 1,224 1,218 1,217 1,196 1,179 1,157 1,113 1,108 1,104

Injuries 1,280 1,242 1,215 1,210 1,211 1,191 1,174 1,154 1,111 1,106 1,103

Respiratory 1,254 1,216 1,191 1,188 1,190 1,174 1,163 1,148 1,108 1,109 1,110

Genitourinary 1,304 1,264 1,234 1,227 1,229 1,209 1,194 1,174 1,130 1,125 1,121

Nutritional 1,201 1,167 1,143 1,140 1,139 1,121 1,105 1,084 1,042 1,036 1,030

Other 1,223 1,188 1,165 1,161 1,163 1,145 1,131 1,112 1,071 1,067 1,065

Total $1,234 $1,197 $1,171 $1,166 $1,165 $1,146 $1,130 $1,111 $1,068 $1,064 $1,063

Tutorial

99

VI. TUTORIAL

In this section, we explain probabilities, continuance tables, and the select-and-ultimate (S&U) structure of the data,

where entitlement age denotes age last birthday at entitlement to disability benefits, duration is the number of completed years of disability entitlement, and attained age is the sum of entitlement age and duration.

Probability of Death (Refer to Table 7A)

A male disabled worker who became entitled to DI benefits at age 50—denoted as male [50]—has probability

.042661 of dying in the first year on the rolls. The probability of not dying in the first year is (1 - .042661) = .957339.

Similarly, we find the following probabilities in table 7A by duration:

Male [50] after 5 years entitled has probability .027369 of death in year 6 after attaining age 55

Male [50] after 10 years entitled has probability .035000 of death in year 11 after attaining age 60

Male [50] after 15 years entitled has probability .038128 of death in year 16 after attaining age 65

We refer to the values in the last column of S&U tables as ultimate because at high durations we assume the chance

of dying is not affected by an incremental increase in duration. In the ultimate period, beneficiaries of the same

attained age will have the same probability of death within the next year:

Male [30] after 30 years entitled has probability .035000 of death in year 31 after attaining age 60

Male [40] after 20 years entitled has probability .035000 of death in year 21 after attaining age 60

Male [50] after 10 years entitled has probability .035000 of death in year 11 after attaining age 60

Before duration 10 however, the probability of dying within the next year does depend on the entitlement age and

duration, so we find the probability of death in the select part of the S&U table:

Male [54] after 6 years entitled has probability .035121 of death in year 7 after attaining age 60

Male [56] after 4 years entitled has probability .032384 of death in year 5 after attaining age 60

Male [58] after 2 years entitled has probability .035829 of death in year 3 after attaining age 60

Benefit Continuance Table (Refer to Table 8A)

We can also calculate the probability that a disabled beneficiary will remain entitled for a certain number of years

using table 7A. However, this calculation becomes tedious after several iterations:

Probability male [50] remains entitled 1 year = (1-.042661) = .957339

Probability male [50] remains entitled 3 years = (1-.042661) x (1-.031050) x (1-.026100) = .903403

Probability male [50] entitled for 5 years will remain entitled another 10 years =

(1-.027369) x (1-.028038) x (1-.030147) x (1-.030453) x (1-.033520) x (1-.035000) x

(1-.036142) x (1-.037453) x (1-.039538) x (1-.040737) = .708672

The values, however, are easily calculated using table 8A. Note that the numbers in this table are not actual counts of

beneficiaries, but rather an assumed number living at the beginning of each duration corresponding to the probabilities derived from table 7A and an initial arbitrary value of 100,000 (called the radix) at entitlement age 16, duration 0.

Differences in the precision of the following probabilities as compared with those derived directly from table 7A are

due to rounding the number of lives to integer values in constructing table 8A:

Probability male [50] remains entitled 1 year = 75,453 / 78,815 = .957343

Probability male [50] remains entitled 3 years = 71,202 / 78,815 = .903407

Probability male [50] entitled for 5 years will remain entitled another 10 years = 47,884 / 67,568 = .708679

_________________________________________________________________
Appendices

100

In this section, we explain expectation and the differences in the interpretation of the numbers for death, recovery, and

combined experience.

Expected Future Time on Combined OASDI Rolls (Refer to Table 9A—Death Experience Only)

In table 9A, we measure how long a beneficiary may remain on the combined OASDI rolls before dying. We do not

consider recovery. In this context, we expect a male [50] who just became entitled to DI to remain entitled for 19.48

years if he does not die. If he lives 10 years and is on the DI rolls at attained age 60 then we expect him to remain entitled for another 14.79 years. If he lives 30 years and is on the OASI rolls at attained age 80 then we expect him to

remain entitled for another 6.13 years (table 9C). Note that table 9A only shows how long we expect a beneficiary to

live and remain entitled. It does not reflect the chance of recovering.

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls (Refer to Table 16A—Recovery Experience Only)

In table 16A, we measure how long a beneficiary may remain on the DI rolls before recovering or switching to oldage benefits. We do not consider death. In this context, we expect a male [50] who just became entitled to DI to

remain entitled for 15.64 years if he does not recover. If he has not recovered after 10 years and is on the DI rolls at

attained age 60 then we expect him to remain entitled for another 5.98 years. Note that similar to table 9A, table 16A

only shows how long we expect a beneficiary to not recover and remain entitled. It does not reflect the chance of

dying. In order to measure the total amount of time we expect a beneficiary to remain on the rolls, we must consider

both death and recovery.

Expected Future Time on Combined OASDI Rolls (Refer to Table 23A—Combined Experience)

In table 23A, we measure how long a beneficiary may remain on the combined OASDI rolls considering both death

and recovery. In this context, we expect a male [50] to remain entitled for 18.96 years. If after 10 years he is still on

the DI rolls at attained age 60 then we expect him to remain entitled for another 14.73 years. After a DI beneficiary

converts to OASI benefits at NRA, we no longer track the occurrence of recovery, however, we continue to track the

occurrence of death.

Expected Future Time on DI Rolls (Refer to Table 24A—Combined Experience)

In table 24A, we measure how long a beneficiary may remain on the DI rolls. Observation stops once the beneficiary

dies, recovers, or switches to OASI benefits. In this context, we expect a male [50] to remain on the DI rolls for 12.27

years. Similarly, we expect a male [60] who has been on the DI rolls for two years and is attained age 62 to remain on

the DI rolls for another 3.72 years.

_________________________________________________________________

In this section, we explain absolute rates and address the issue of designing a single decrement model that is

restricted to a particular cause of decrement in a multiple-decrement environment. In such a model, one decrement

does not “compete” with other decrements in the sense that all other decrements are “removed” once they are

observed. We will clarify this concept in the examples that follow. In table 10, we isolate death as a particular cause of

decrement. In table 17, we isolate recovery as a particular cause of decrement.

Absolute Death Rate per Thousand Entitled (Refer to Table 10A)

The probabilities in table 7A are calculated by dividing the total number of deaths observed in an entitlement-ageand-duration “cell” by the total exposure for that cell. In the single-decrement model, we subtract the exposure from

all the beneficiaries who recover in that same cell—if they recover then they are no longer exposed to the decrement

of death. Note that by reducing the amount of exposure for that cell, the probability of death is calculated to be

slightly higher.

In actuarial mathematics, we avoid calling this re-calculated value a “probability” because some of the persons providing exposure exit before the end of a duration for a different decrement. So we express this quantity as a rate per

thousand per year. Dividing the number of deaths by the reduced exposure and multiplying by 1000 gives us an absolute death rate. In the first year of entitlement, a male [50] has an absolute rate of 42.723 deaths per 1000 beneficiaries as found in table 10A, which is slightly higher than 1000 times the probability shown in table 7A.
Tutorial

101

Absolute Recovery Rate per Thousand Entitled (Refer to Table 17A)

Similarly, the probabilities in table 14A are calculated by dividing the total number of recoveries by the total exposure for a particular cell. In the single-decrement model, we adjust for the beneficiaries who die in a particular cell.

Dividing the number of recoveries by the reduced exposure and multiplying by 1000 gives us an absolute recovery

rate. In the first year of entitlement, a male [50] has an absolute rate of 2.902 recoveries per 1000 beneficiaries as

found in table 17A. Again, this is slightly higher than 1000 times the probability shown in table 14A.

_________________________________________________________________

In the next 3 sections, we explain the grouping methods used to aggregate data by entitlement age, attained age, and

duration.

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Time, by Entitlement Age (Select Age, Refer to Table 11)

In this aggregation, we calculate the probability of death by summing the number of deaths across all durations for

each entitlement age and divide by the total exposure for that age. For example, tabulations show that for males entl

age 50 there are 54,775 total deaths and 1,413,092.99 total life-years of exposure in the observation period 2011-15:

The aggregate probability of death within the next year is:

54,775 / 1,413,092.99 = .038762

This value is calculated for each entitlement age 16-65. The series is then graduated—for example, the above value is

adjusted to be .038766—and the results are shown in table 11.

The aggregate future time is a weighted-average of all the individual expected future times found in table 9A. Each

expected time is weighted by the total life-years of exposure for that cell. For example:

Multiply (expected time) x (exposure) and sum to get total exposure-weighted future time 21,866,663.38 and the

aggregate expected future time for male entitlement age 50 is:

21,866,663.38 / 1,413,092.99 = 15.47

This value is calculated for each entitlement age 16-65. The results are shown in table 11. Similar calculations are

performed for table 18 and table 25.

_________________________________________________________________

Age-duration Cell Deaths

Life-years

Exposure

Male [50], Dur 0 4,367 104,560.36

Male [50], Dur 1 3,278 107,053.96

Male [50], Dur 2 2,748 106,223.93

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [50], Dur 10+ 28,445 529,923.87

Total 54,775 1,413,092.99

Age-duration Cell

Expected

Future Time

Life-years

Exposure

Male [50], Dur 0 19.48 104,560.36

Male [50], Dur 1 19.33 107,053.96

Male [50], Dur 2 18.93 106,223.93

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [50], Dur 47 2.43 60.09

Male [50], Dur 48 2.30 43.98

Total 1,413,092.99
Appendices

102

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Lifetime, by Attained Age (Refer to Table 12)

In this aggregation, we calculate the probability of death by summing the number of deaths across all durations for

each attained age and divide by the total exposure for that age. For example, tabulations show that for males attained

age 50 there are 20,480 total deaths and 776,237.95 total life-years of exposure in the observation period 2011-15:

The aggregate probability of death within the next year is:

20,480 / 776,237.95 = .026384

This value is calculated for each attained age 16-75. The series is then graduated—in this case, the above value

remains .026384 after graduation—and the results are shown in table 12.

The aggregate future time is a weighted-average of all the individual expected future times found in table 9A. Each

expected time is weighted by the total life-years of exposure for that cell. For example:

Multiply (expected time) x (exposure) and sum to get total exposure-weighted future time 15,509,712.34 and the

aggregate expected future time for male attained age 50 is:

15,509,712.34 / 776,237.95 = 19.98

This value is calculated for each attained age 16-75. The results are shown in table 12. Similar calculations are performed for table 19 and table 26.

_________________________________________________________________

Age-duration Cell Deaths

Life-years

Exposure

Male [50], Dur 0 4,367 104,560.36

Male [49], Dur 1 2,313 55,742.15

Male [48], Dur 2 1,656 53,572.43

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [17], Dur 33 12 342.41

Male [16], Dur 34 2 59.72

Total 20,480 776,237.95

Age-duration Cell

Expected

Future Time

Life-years

Exposure

Male [50], Dur 0 19.48 104,560.36

Male [49], Dur 1 19.26 55,742.15

Male [48], Dur 2 19.56 53,572.43

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [17], Dur 33 20.31 342.41

Male [16], Dur 34 20.31 59.72

Total 776,237.95
Tutorial

103

Aggregate Probability of Death and Expected Future Lifetime, by Duration (Refer to Table 13)

In this aggregation, we calculate the probability of death by summing the number of deaths for each duration and

divide by the total exposure for that duration. For example, tabulations show that for males in the first year of entitlement (duration 0) there are 123,545 total deaths and 2,237,197.59 total life-years of exposure in the observation

period 2011-15:

The aggregate probability of death within the next year is:

123,545 / 2,237,197.59 = .055223

This value is calculated for each duration 0-40. The series is then graduated—for example, the above value is

adjusted to be .055222—and the results are shown in table 13.

The aggregate future time is a weighted-average of all the individual expected future times found in table 9A. Each

expected time is weighted by the total life-years of exposure for that cell. For example:

Multiply (expected time) x (exposure) and sum to get total exposure-weighted future time 42,843,144.26 and the

aggregate expected future time for male duration 0 is:

42,843,144.26 / 2,237,197.59 = 19.15

This value is calculated for each duration 0-40. The results are shown in table 13. Similar calculations are performed

for table 20 and table 27.

_________________________________________________________________

Age-duration Cell Deaths

Life-years

Exposure

Male [16], Dur 0 1 12.75

Male [17], Dur 0 1 206.75

Male [18], Dur 0 6 1,102.99

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [64], Dur 0 4,961 48,099.31

Male [65], Dur 0 2,377 21,388.83

Total 123,545 2,237,197.59

Age-duration Cell

Expected

Future Time

Life-years

Exposure

Male [16], Dur 0 46.07 12.75

Male [17], Dur 0 44.98 206.75

Male [18], Dur 0 43.91 1,102.99

. ..

. ..

. ..

Male [64], Dur 0 11.74 48,099.31

Male [65], Dur 0 11.25 21,388.83

Total 2,237,197.59
Appendices

104

Annuity Values (Refer to Tables 28-31)

Once entitled to Social Security DI benefits, the beneficiary receives monthly cash payments as long as he remains

entitled. To calculate the present value of future benefits (PVFB), we discount a stream of future cash payments using

an assumed interest rate to account for the time-value of money. In addition, we discount for survivorship to account

for the condition that the beneficiary must remain entitled or “survive” to the next payment.

The following illustration shows the value of a disability benefit payable to age 66 (NRA). The value found in table

30A for a male entitled at age 58 assuming 3% annual interest rate and continuance experience shown in table 22A is

calculated as shown below. We simplify the mathematics by using a hypothetical annual payment (instead of

monthly), and annual interest and continuance factors. For example, instead of a monthly DI benefit of $1500, we

assume the beneficiary receives an annual benefit of $18,000 at the end of each duration up until he attains age 66:

The interest factor represents the amount of money that, if invested at 3% annual interest, will grow to $1 by the end

of the stated duration. Discounting for interest is the first part of the PVFB calculation—the present value of the

annual payment made at the end of duration 0 (discounting for interest only) is:

PV = $18,000 x (.970874)

 = $17,475.73

The continuance (survivorship) factor is derived from table 22A and represents the probability that the beneficiary

makes it to the next payment by neither dying nor recovering. For example, the probability of making it to the first

payment is:

23,340 / 24,901 = .937312

The present value of the annual payment made at the end of duration 0 (discounting for interest and survivorship) is

called the actuarial present value, and is calculated as:

APV = $18,000 x (.970874 x .937312)

 = $18,000 x (.910011)

 = $16,380.21

This dollar amount is shown in the last column of the above table. The PVFB is the sum of the APV over all durations

= $104,227.25. Shown in the second-to-last column is the series of APV factors = (interest factor) x (survivorship

factor). Summing these factors over all durations gives the annuity value shown in table 30A, which is easily used to

calculate PVFB directly:

PVFB = $18,000 x 5.790

 = $104,220

Duration Age

Annual Payment

(End of duration) Interest Factor

Continuance

Factor

Actuarial

Present Value

Present Value

Future Benefits

0 58 $18,000 .970874 .937312 .910011 $16,380.21

1 59 18,000 .942596 .896751 .845274 15,214.93

2 60 18,000 .915142 .864303 .790959 14,237.27

3 61 18,000 .888487 .833380 .740448 13,328.06

4 62 18,000 .862609 .801695 .691549 12,447.88

5 63 18,000 .837484 .771013 .645711 11,622.81

6 64 18,000 .813091 .740653 .602219 10,839.94

7 65 18,000 .789409 .714750 .564231 10,156.15

8 66 no payment - - - -

Total 5.790402 $104,227.25
Glossary

105

VII. GLOSSARY

AC — Appeals Council

ALJ — Administrative law judge

CDR — Continuing disability review

COLA — Cost of living adjustment

DA&A — Drug addiction and alcoholism

DDS — Disability Determination Services

DI — Disability Insurance

EPE — Extended period of eligibility

NRA — Normal retirement age

OASI — Old-Age and Survivors Insurance

OAO — Office of Appellate Operations (formerly ODAR)

OHO — Office of Hearings Operations (formerly ODAR)

RFC — Residual functional capacity

SGA — Substantial gainful activity

SSA — Social Security Administration

SSI — Supplemental Security Income

TWP — Trial work period

Administrative Law Judge. An official of the Social Security Administration’s Office of Hearings Operations (OHO)

who is specially qualified to hold hearings and make independent decisions regarding eligibility for SSA programs on

the basis of all evidence and testimony. ALJs conduct impartial hearings and issue decisions to claimants who have

appealed previous determinations by SSA.

Allowance (or denial). A determination by the Disability

Determination Services, OHO, OAO, or federal district

court that a claimant meets (or does not meet) the medical

definition of disability under the Social Security Act.

Appeals Council. The organization within OAO that makes

the final decision in the administrative review process. The

council is the last line of appeal within SSA for partially

favorable or unfavorable decisions. A claimant’s next

recourse would be the federal court system.

Auxiliary benefits. Monthly benefits payable to a spouse or

child of a retired or disabled worker, or to a survivor of a

deceased worker.

Award. An administrative determination that an individual

is entitled to receive a specified type of OASDI benefit.

Awards can represent not only new entrants to the benefit

rolls but also for persons already on the rolls who become

entitled to a different type of benefit. Awards usually result

in the immediate payment of benefits, although payments

may be deferred or withheld depending on the individual’s

particular circumstances.

Baby-boom. The period following the end of World War II,

from 1946 through 1964, marked by unusually high birth

rates.

Beneficiary. A person who has been awarded benefits on

the basis of his or her own or another’s earnings record. The

benefits may be either in current-payment status or withheld.

Code of Federal Regulations. A record of the general and

permanent rules published in the Federal Register by executive departments and agencies of the Federal government.

The second volume (parts 400-499) of this three-volume

publication includes sections under Title 20, Chapter III,

which cover OASDI, SSI, and all other regulations issued by

the Social Security Administration.

Concurrent claim/benefit. A claim for both Title II (Social

Security) and Title XVI (Supplemental Security Income)

benefits. Since SSI provides “assistance of last resort”—

taking into account all income and resources that an individual has—concurrent beneficiaries must include Title II cash

benefits as part of income when determining the amount of

Title XVI benefits to be received.

Continuing Disability Review. An evaluation to determine if a disability beneficiary is still eligible for cash benefits. Payment of benefits will end if medical or other

evidence shows the beneficiary is no longer disabled under

the standards set in the Social Security Act. The frequency

of reviews varies by the severity of impairment or can be

“triggered” by work activity.

Current-payment status. Status of a beneficiary to whom

a benefit is being paid for a given month.

Diagnostic group. Classification of impairments, by body

system, which identifies the medical condition(s) underlying

a disability. Before 1985, the coding of primary and secondary diagnoses for Social Security claimants was in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases: 9th

Revision using 4-digit ICD-9 codes. In 1985, SSA implemented a revised impairment coding system using 3 digits

followed by a zero. Although not identical, the new codes

closely parallel the major ICD-9 categories.

Disability conversion. Automatic conversion of a disabled

worker beneficiary to retired-worker status upon attainment

of normal retirement age.

Disability Determination Services. The state agency

responsible for developing medical evidence and rendering

the initial determination and reconsideration on whether a

claimant is disabled or a beneficiary continues to be disabled

within the meaning of the Social Security Act.

Disability incidence rate. The proportion of workers in a

given year, insured for but not receiving disability benefits,

who apply for and are awarded disability benefits. Gross

incidence rates are calculated as the ratio of the total number

of awards for a given year to the total exposure for that year.

Age-adjusted incidence rates are calculated as the ratio of

the total number of adjusted awards for a given year to the

total exposure for the standardizing year. For example, mul-
Appendices

106

tiplying single-year-of-age incidence rates in 2015 by the

exposure for those same ages in, say, 2000 would give

adjusted awards. The age-adjusted incidence rate for 2015 is

then calculated as the total number of adjusted awards

divided by the total exposure for 2000.

Gross rates are not directly comparable over time because of

the year-to-year differences in the age and sex composition

of the underlying insured population. We adjust gross rates

to factor out these effects allowing for a “cleaner” comparison of rates from year to year.

Disability termination rate. The proportion of disabledworker beneficiaries in a given year whose disability benefits terminate because of the individual’s death or recovery.

Drug Addiction and Alcoholism. Beginning in 1997, if

shown to be material to the determination of disability, drug

addiction or alcoholism will prevent entitlement to benefits

or cause removal from the rolls.

Exposure. In general, exposure is a measure of the amount

of time that a cohort of individuals are exposed to the possibility of an event, such as disability, death, or recovery. The

quantity of measurement is called “life-years”. There are different methods of calculating life-years of exposure. With

regard to incidence of disability, we measure the amount of

time that a cohort of workers (who are not already disabled)

are exposed to the possibility of becoming disabled over the

course of a year. Alternatively, this quantity can be considered the average number of disability-insured workers for

the year who are not already receiving benefits.

With regard to the select-and-ultimate tables for death or

recovery probabilities presented in this study, exposure

depends on how long beneficiaries are “scheduled” to be on

the disability rolls during a specific period of time (called

the “observation period”). There are various ways to calculate this quantity as well and the reader is referred to the

appendix for details.

Federal court review. When an individual disagrees with

SSA’s final decision in the administrative review process,

they may request judicial review by filing a civil action in a

federal district court.

Hearing. The level following reconsideration in the administrative review process. The hearing is a de novo procedure

at which the claimant and/or representative may appear in

person, submit new evidence, give testimony, and present

witnesses.

Initial determination. The first decision made in determining entitlement to benefits. The field office makes the decision on nonmedical factors such as insured status or

substantial gainful activity. If nonmedical factors are met,

DDS adjudicators make the decision on the medical factors.

Listing of Impairments. Describes, for each major body

system, impairments which are considered severe enough to

prevent a person from doing any gainful activity. Most of the

listed impairments are permanent or expected to result in

death, or a specific statement of duration is made. For all

others, the evidence must show that the impairment is

expected to last at least 12 months.

Maximum family benefit . The maximum monthly amount

that can be paid on a worker’s earnings record. Whenever

the total of the individual monthly benefits payable to all

beneficiaries entitled on one earnings record exceeds the

maximum, each auxiliary benefit is proportionately reduced

to bring the total within the maximum.

Normal retirement age. The age at which a person may

first become entitled to unreduced retirement benefits (see

chart on page 1).

Pre-effectuation review. A comprehensive on-going program under which a prescribed percentage of determinations

involving the issue of disability are evaluated prior to their

effectuation, even though there is no request for review. The

Social Security Act requires that each year at least 50% of

all Title II and Title XVI adult allowances at the DDSs be

reviewed.

Processing time. The amount of time it takes to establish

disability allowance (or denial) measured from the date of

filing to the date of final disposition of the claim.

Recession. A period of adverse economic conditions; in

particular, two or more successive calendar quarters of negative growth in GDP. The Great Recession is defined as the

period of economic conditions from December 2007 through

June 2009 which included the financial crisis of 2007-08 and

U.S. subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-09.

Reconsideration. An independent reexamination at the

DDS of all evidence on record related to a case. It is based

on the evidence submitted for the initial determination and

any further evidence or information that the claimant submits. Adjudicators making a reconsideration determination

are different from those who made the initial determination.

Recovery. The termination of disability benefits because of

medical improvement related to the ability to work or a successful reentry to the workforce.

Replacement rate. The ratio of the total amount of (annualized) cash benefits received during the first year of entitlement to the total earnings of the beneficiary in the

immediately preceding year. This ratio measures the fraction

of prior earnings that are replaced by current benefits.

Residual Functional Capacity. A measurement of the

amount of activity an individual can perform in spite of

physical or mental limitations. Disability adjudicators assess

the extent that the impairment(s) prevent the claimant from

performing particular work activities, and use RFC to determine the types of work that can be performed despite

impairments.
Glossary

107

Retroactive benefits. Benefits that are paid for months that

have already passed. For disability cases, the retroactive

period can include up to 12 months prior to filing for benefits; and can also include any number of months between

application and award.

Social Security Act. Provisions of the law governing most

operations of the Social Security program. Title II of the Act

authorized the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance

program. Title XVI of the Act authorized the Supplemental

Security Income (SSI) program.

Statutory blindness. Central visual acuity of 20/200 or less

in the better eye with the use of a correcting lens or tunnel

vision of 20 degrees or less.

Supplemental Security Income. A federal program for

low-income aged, blind, and disabled individuals who meet

income and resource requirements, as well as other criteria.

SSI is funded by general tax revenues, not Social Security

taxes.

Vocational factors. When it is determined that a claimant

cannot perform past relevant work based on residual functional capacity alone, adjudicators further consider vocational factors of age, education, and work experience to

determine the claimant’s ability to adjust to other work that

exists in significant numbers in the economy.

Workers’ Compensation offset. A reduction in the

monthly benefits for a disabled-worker family when the

monthly DI cash benefit amount plus the State or Federal

workers’ compensation benefit amount or other Federal,

State, or local disability benefits (excluding VA or needsbased benefits or benefits based on Federal, State, or local

covered employment) exceeds 80 percent of the worker’s

average current earnings before the onset of disability. The

offset is imposed for any month in which individuals are

entitled to both DI benefits and other applicable benefits.