## Additional Economic Factors —        2023 OASDI Trustees ReportSingle-Year Tables                  Historical data                  Intermediate Assumptions                  Low-Cost Assumptions                  High-Cost Assumptions              Table V.B2.—Additional Economic Factors,                 Calendar Years 1960-2100  Average annualunemployment                  rate a Annual percentage change in-- Average annual interest rate                  Calendar year  Labor                  force b Total                  employment c  Real                  GDP d                   Nominal e                   Real fHistorical data:1960 5.5 1.9 1.7 2.6 2.9 0.91961 6.7 1.1  g 2.6 3.8 1.91962 5.6 .2 1.8 6.1 3.9 2.81963 5.6 1.7 1.4 4.4 3.9 2.51964 5.2 1.8 2.2 5.8 4.1 2.61965 4.5 1.8 2.4 6.5 4.2 2.51966 3.8 1.8 3.0 6.6 4.9 1.41967 3.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 5.0 1.91968 3.6 1.8 2.1 4.9 5.5 .81969 3.5 2.5 2.4 3.1 6.6 .11970 5.0 2.6 .6 .2 7.3 1.01971 6.0 1.9 .4 3.3 6.0 2.91972 5.6 3.1 2.9 5.3 5.9 2.51973 4.9 2.8 3.3 5.6 6.6 -.21974 5.6 2.9 1.9 -.5 7.5 -3.81975 8.5 2.0 -1.1 -.2 7.4 -1.31976 7.7 2.5 3.3 5.4 7.1 1.71977 7.1 2.9 3.6 4.6 7.1 .81978 6.1 3.3 4.3 5.5 8.2 -.51979 5.9 2.7 2.8 3.2 9.1 -2.81980 7.2 1.9 .5 -.3 11.0 -3.61981 7.6 1.6 1.1 2.5 13.3 1.01982 9.7 1.4 -.8 -1.8 12.8 7.31983 9.6 1.2 1.3 4.6 11.0 9.91984 7.5 1.8 4.1 7.2 12.4 7.61985 7.2 1.7 2.0 4.2 10.8 9.01986 7.0 2.1 2.2 3.5 8.0 9.31987 6.2 1.7 2.5 3.5 8.4 4.41988 5.5 1.5 2.2 4.2 8.8 4.41989 5.3 1.8 2.0 3.7 8.7 4.01990 5.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 8.6 3.41991 6.9 .4 -.9 -.1 8.0 4.51992 7.5 1.4 .5 3.5 7.1 5.11993 6.9 .8 1.3 2.8 6.1 4.31994 6.1 1.4 2.2 4.0 7.1 3.61995 5.6 1.0 1.4 2.7 6.9 4.21996 5.4 1.2 1.4 3.8 6.6 4.01997 4.9 1.8 2.2 4.4 6.6 4.31998 4.5 1.0 1.4 4.5 5.6 5.31999 4.2 1.2 1.5 4.8 5.9 3.42000 4.0 2.3 2.5 4.1 6.2 2.42001 4.7 .8  g 1.0 5.2 3.52002 5.8 .8 -.3 1.7 4.9 3.92003 6.0 1.1 1.0 2.8 4.1 2.62004 5.5 .6 1.1 3.9 4.3 1.52005 5.1 1.3 1.7 3.5 4.3 .82006 4.6 1.4 1.8 2.8 4.8 1.12007 4.6 1.1 1.1 2.0 4.7 1.92008 5.8 .8 -.4 .1 3.6 .62009 9.3 -.1 -3.7 -2.6 2.9 4.42010 9.6 -.2 -.6 2.7 2.8 .92011 8.9 -.2 .6 1.5 2.4 -.72012 8.1 .9 1.8 2.3 1.5 .32013 7.4 .3 1.0 1.8 1.9 .12014 6.2 .3 1.6 2.3 2.3 .42015 5.3 .8 1.7 2.7 2.0 2.72016 4.9 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.02017 4.4 .7 1.2 2.2 2.3 -.32018 3.9 1.1 1.6 2.9 2.9 -.22019 3.7 .9 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.22020 8.1 -1.7 -6.2 -2.8 1.0 1.02021 5.4 .3 3.2 5.9 1.4 -4.12022 h 3.7 1.9 3.7 1.9 3.0 -6.6Intermediate:2023 4.3 .8 .2 .7 3.5 -1.02024 4.7 1.2 .7 1.8 3.5 1.02025 4.6 1.0 1.0 2.4 3.6 1.12026 4.6 .8 .9 2.3 3.7 1.22027 4.5 .7 .8 2.2 3.9 1.32028 4.5 .5 .5 2.0 4.2 1.52029 4.4 .4 .4 2.0 4.4 1.82030 4.4 .4 .4 2.0 4.6 2.02031 4.4 .4 .4 2.0 4.6 2.22032 4.4 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.22033 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32034 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32035 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32036 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32037 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32038 4.5 .3 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32039 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32040 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32041 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32042 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32043 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32044 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32045 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32046 4.5 .4 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32047 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32048 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32049 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32050 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32051 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32052 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32053 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32054 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32055 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32056 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32057 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32058 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32059 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32060 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32061 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32062 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32063 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32064 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32065 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32066 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32067 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32068 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32069 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32070 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32071 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32072 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32073 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32074 4.5 .3 .3 1.9 4.7 2.32075 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32076 4.5 .4 .4 1.9 4.7 2.32077 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32078 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32079 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32080 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32081 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32082 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32083 4.5 .5 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32084 4.5 .5 .5 2.0 4.7 2.32085 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32086 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32087 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32088 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32089 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32090 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32091 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32092 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32093 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32094 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32095 4.5 .5 .5 2.1 4.7 2.32096 4.5 .5 .5 2.0 4.7 2.32097 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32098 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32099 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.32100 4.5 .4 .4 2.0 4.7 2.3Low-cost:2023 3.8 1.1 1.0 2.2 4.2 -.92024 3.8 1.5 1.5 3.5 4.4 1.22025 3.6 1.4 1.6 3.9 4.8 1.42026 3.5 .9 1.0 3.0 5.1 1.82027 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.5 2.12028 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.5 2.52029 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.5 2.52030 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.5 2.52031 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.7 2.52032 3.5 .6 .6 2.5 5.8 2.72033 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82034 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82035 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82036 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82037 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82038 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82039 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82040 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82041 3.5 .5 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82042 3.5 .6 .5 2.5 5.8 2.82043 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82044 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82045 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82046 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82047 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82048 3.5 .7 .7 2.6 5.8 2.82049 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82050 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82051 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82052 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82053 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82054 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82055 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82056 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82057 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82058 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82059 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82060 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82061 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82062 3.5 .7 .7 2.6 5.8 2.82063 3.5 .7 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82064 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82065 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82066 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82067 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82068 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82069 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82070 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82071 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82072 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82073 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82074 3.5 .6 .6 2.6 5.8 2.82075 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82076 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82077 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82078 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82079 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82080 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82081 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82082 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82083 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82084 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82085 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82086 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82087 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82088 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82089 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82090 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82091 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82092 3.5 .8 .8 2.8 5.8 2.82093 3.5 .8 .8 2.7 5.8 2.82094 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82095 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82096 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82097 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82098 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82099 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.82100 3.5 .7 .7 2.7 5.8 2.8High-cost:2023 4.9 .6 -.7 -2.2 3.4 -1.52024 6.3 .8 -.6 .8 2.9 .52025 6.0 .8 1.1 2.5 2.8 1.02026 5.7 .7 1.0 2.3 3.0 1.02027 5.5 .5 .7 2.1 3.2 1.22028 5.4 .3 .4 1.5 3.2 1.42029 5.4 .3 .3 1.4 3.3 1.42030 5.4 .2 .2 1.4 3.4 1.52031 5.4 .2 .2 1.4 3.5 1.62032 5.4 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.72033 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82034 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82035 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82036 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82037 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82038 5.5 .2 .2 1.4 3.6 1.82039 5.5 .2 .2 1.3 3.6 1.82040 5.5 .2 .2 1.3 3.6 1.82041 5.5 .1 .1 1.3 3.6 1.82042 5.5 .1 .1 1.3 3.6 1.82043 5.5 .1 .1 1.3 3.6 1.82044 5.5  g .1 1.2 3.6 1.82045 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82046 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82047 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82048 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82049 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82050 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82051 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82052 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82053 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82054 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82055 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82056 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82057 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82058 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82059 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82060 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82061 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82062 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82063 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82064 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82065 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82066 5.5 -.1  g 1.1 3.6 1.82067 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82068 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82069 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82070 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82071 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82072 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82073 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82074 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82075 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82076 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82077 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82078 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82079 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82080 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82081 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82082 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82083 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82084 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82085 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82086 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82087 5.5 -.1 -.1 1.1 3.6 1.82088 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82089 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82090 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82091 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82092 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82093 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82094 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82095 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82096 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82097 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82098 5.5  g  g 1.2 3.6 1.82099 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.82100 5.5  g  g 1.1 3.6 1.8a            The Office of the Chief Actuary adjusts the civilian unemployment            rates for 2033 and later to the age-sex distribution of the            civilian labor force in 2011.  For years through 2032, the values            are the total rates without adjustment for the changing age-sex            distribution.b            The U.S. civilian labor force.c            Total U.S. military and civilian employment.d            The value of the total output of goods and services in 2012            dollars.e            The average of the nominal interest rates, compounded            semiannually, for special public-debt obligations issuable to the            trust funds in each of the 12 months of the year.f            The realized or expected annual real yield for each year on            securities issuable in the prior year.g            Greater than -0.05 and less than 0.05 percent.h            Estimated values for 2022 vary slightly by alternative            and are shown for the intermediate assumptions.Footer menu