T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

Th e H o n o r ab l e Ll o y d D . G e o r g e , Se n i o rD i s tr i c tJ u d g e f o rth e U . S. ** D i s tr i c tC our tf

orN e va da , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on.

NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. DA L MAC I O R AMI R E Z S AN T OS , AK A D a lm a c io S a n to s R a m ir e z , A K A D a m a c io R am i rez S an t o s, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 10- 10559 D . C . N o. 5: 09 -c r- 00 27 7-JW -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o r th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia J a m e s W a r e , C hi e f

D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d D e c e m be r8, 2011 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B ef ore: T R O T T and B E A , C i rc ui tJudg es , and G E O R G E , S eni or D i stri ctJudg e. ** D a l m a c i aR a m i r e z S a nt os appe a l s hi s c onvi c t i on f ordi s tr i but i on of m e tha m phe t a m i ne , pos s e s s i on of c oc a i ne w i th i nt e ntt o di s tr i but e , a nd pos s e s s i on



# FI LED DE C 21 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

of a f i re arm i n furthera nce of drug tra ff i cki ng . A s the fa ct s a nd procedural hi st ory a r e f a m ilia rto th e p a r tie s , w e d o n o t r e c ite th e m h e r e e x c e p t a s n e c e s s a ry to e x p l a i n o u rd e c i s i o n . W e h a v e j u r i s d i c t i o n u n d e r2 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 9 1 , a n d w e a f f i rm. T h e s e a r c h o f

S a n to s ’s tru c kw a s p e rm is s ib le u n d e rth e “a u to m o b ile e xc e pt i on” t o the w a rr a ntr e qui r e m e nt . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. R os s , 456 U . S . 798, 808- 09 (198 2). T he re cord am pl y s up po rt s the di stri ctcourt ’ s c on cl usi on thatO ff i ce r M u rp h y p o s s e s s e d p r o b ab le c au s e to b e lie v e th e v e h ic le c o n ta in e d c o n tr ab a n d . O f f i c e rM urphy kne w tha tS a nt os ha d j us tde pa r t e d f r om al oc a t i on tha tw a s the si t e of adrug tra ff

i cki ng i nv es t i gat i on . T hrou gh ou tthe st op , S ant os exhi bi t ed e xtr e m e ne rvous ne s s . W he n O f f i c e rM urphy pa tt e d S a nt os dow n he f e l tal a r ge bundl e of

c a s h i n e a c h of

hi s poc ke t s . F i na l l y , a s O f f i c e rC r a i g w a s ha ndc uf

f i ng S a nt os , the truc k’ s pa s s e nge rturne d a nd m a de al ungi ng m ot i on i n a n appa r e nt a tte m p t to r e a c h s o m e th in g in th e a r e ab e h in d th e d r iv e r ’s s e a t. U n d e rth e to ta lity of the ci rc um st ance s, O ff i ce r M urph y had prob abl e c ause t o b el i eve S ant os’ s truck c ont a i ne d i l l e ga l drugs , a n i l l e ga l l y c onc e a l e d w e apon, orboth. B e c aus e the di s tr i c tc our tr e a s onabl y he l d tha tO f f i c e rW a rne r ’ s s e a r c h w a s ac ont i nua t i on of O ff i ce r M urph y’ s i nt errupt ed i ni t i al se ar ch, the ent i re se ar ch procedure w as base d on prob abl e c ause .3

T he di s tr i c tc our tappr opr i a t e l y e xe r c i s e d i t s di s c r e t i on i n de ny i ng am ot i on f oram i s tr i a l be c aus e of

j ury a c c e s s , dur i ng de l i be r a t i on, t o D V D s c ont a i ni ng f o o t a g e n o ts h o wn d u r i n g th e tr i a l . T h e d i s tr i c tc o u r td i d n o te rrb e c au s e th e DV Ds had b ee n adm i tt ed i nt o evi dence w i tho utobj ec t i on . A ny error w ou l d h ave been h arm l ess b ecau se th e fo o t ag e -- o f th e t i m e b efo re an d aft er sev eral co n tro l l ed b u ys w hi c h w e r e s how n dur i ng the tr i a l - - w a s notpr e j udi c i a l a nd “ the e vi de nc e of [ S a nt os ’ s ] gui l tw a s othe rw i s e ove rw he l m i ng. ” U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M c K e nna , 327 F . 3d 830, 842 ( 9th C i r . 2003) . W e de c l i ne t o r e vi e w S a nt os ’ s i ne f f e c t i ve a s s i s t a nc e of

c ouns e l c l a i m be c aus e , w i thoutaf ul l y de ve l ope d r e c or d, i ti s not pr ope r l y be f

or e the c our ton di r e c tappe a l . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. R a hm a n, 642 F . 3d 12 57 , 12 59 -60 (9th C i r. 20 11 ). AF F I R ME D.