FIL ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T NOVEMB ER 2, 2009 THOMAS K. KAH

N CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 9 6- 00 07 4- CR-3 -RV UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us MOSES M ARSHALL, a.k .a. Rah een , Defen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di stric t Co urt fo r th e North ernDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (No ve m be r 2, 2 00 9) Befo re BLACK, BARKETT an d HULL, Cir cu itJu dg es . PER CURI AM:Mo se s M ars ha ll , a fed eral pri so ne r co nv ic te d o f cra ckco cai ne off en se s, ap pe al s p ro se t he di stric t co urt’s d en ia l o f hi s 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 82 (c)( 2) m ot io n fo r a reduc edsen te nc e. Afte r rev ie w, we affi rm . I. BACK GROUND In19 99 , a jury co nv ic te d M ars ha ll of o ne co un t o f co ns pi racy to p os se ss with the in te ntto di strib ut e 5 0 g ram s o r m or e o f co cai ne ba se , invi ol at io n o f 21 U.S.C. §§ 84 1( a)(1 ), 84 1( b) (1 )(A)(i ii ), an d 8 46 , andon e co un t o f po ss es si on with th e in te ntto di strib ut e 5 0 g ram s o r m or e o f co cai ne ba se , invi ol at io n o f 21 U.S.C. § 8 41 (a)( 1) an d (b )(1 )(A)(i ii ). The Pres en te nc e In ve st ig at io n R ep ort re co m m en de d tha t M ars ha ll was res po ns ib le form or e th an1.5 ki lo gr am s o f co cai ne ba se , res ul ti ng ina ba se of fen se lev el of 3 8 und er the sen te nc in g g ui de li ne s the n i n e ffec t. U.S.S.G. § 2D1 .1(c )(1 ) (1 99 8) . Alth ou gh Mars ha ll ob jecte d, the di stric t co urt o ve rru le d the ob jecti on , fin di ng “ Mr. Ma rs ha ll ha s t o b e h el d a cco un tabl e fo r anam ou ntin ex ces s o f on e an d aha lf k il og ram s, wh ic h i s anoff en se lev el [of

] 38 .” Mars ha ll rece iv eda two -le ve l en ha nc em en t fo r po ss es si ng a weap on du rin g the co ns pi racy. U.S.S.G. § 2 D1.1 (b )(1 ). Mars ha ll rece iv edanad di ti on al two -le ve l en ha nc em en t fo r ob stru ct io n o f jus ti ce. U.S.S.G. § 3 C1 .1. Mars ha ll ’s to ta l o ffen se lev el of 4 2, co m bi ne d wi thhi s ca te go ry

III cr im in al hi st ory , res ul te d i n agu id el in es ran ge of

236 0 m on th s t o l ife im pr is on m en t. The di stric t co urt s en te nc edMars ha ll to 21 6 m on th s o f im

pr is on m en t. In20 08 , Mars ha ll fil eda pr o s e 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 82 (c)( 2) m ot io n t o re du ce h is se nt en ce b as edonAm en dm en t 7 06 to th e Sen te nc in g Gu id el in es . The d is tri ct co urt d en ie d M ars ha ll ’s m ot io n, fi nd in g tha t h e was no t el ig ib le fora se nt en ce reduc ti on be cau se Am en dm en t 7 06 di d n otaffe cthi s g ui de li ne s ra ng e. On ap pe al , Mar sh al l ar gu es th atth e d is tri ctco urt erredinde nyin g h is § 3 58 2( c)(2 ) m ot io n. II . DISCUSSI ON

“ W e rev ie w de n ov o adi stric t co urt’s co nc lu si on s ab ou t the sco pe of i ts le ga l au th or ity

un de r 18 U.S.C. § 3 58 2( c)(2 ).” Uni te d S ta te s v . Jo ne s, 5 48 F.3d 13 66 , 13 68 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ), cert . den ie d, 1 29 S. Ct. 1 65 7 (2 00 9) . Und er § 35 82 (c)( 2) , a di stric t co urt m ay m od ify an al ready

in carc erat ed de fen da nt ’s term

of i m pr is on m en t i f th e d efen da nt ’s sen te nc e was “ba se d o n a se nt en ci ng ran ge th atha s s ub se qu en tl y be enlo weredby the Sen te nc in g Co m m is si on pu rs ua ntto 28 U.S.C. § 9 44 (o ).” 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 82 (c)( 2) . Howev er,

“ [w]here aretro act iv el y

ap pl ic ab le gu id el in e am en dm en t re du ces a de fen da nt ’s ba se off en se lev el , bu t d oe s n otalt er the sen te nc in g ra ng e upo n wh ic h h is or h er se nt en ce was ba se d, § 35 82 (c)( 2) do es no t au th or iz e a reduc ti on insen te nc e.”

3Uni te d S tate s v . Mo or e, 54 1 F .3d13 23 , 13 30 (11 th Cir . 20 08 ), cert . den ie d, 1 29 S.

Ct . 96 5 (2 00 9) , and12 9 S . Ct. 1 60 1 (2 00 9) ; s ee al so U.S.S.G. § 1 B1 .10 (a)( 2) (B). Afte r Mar sh al l’s s en te nc in g, the Sen te nc in g C omm is si on pro m ul ga te d Am en dm en t 7 06 to th e Sen te nc in g Gu id el in es , whi chpro vi de s fo r a two l ev el reduc ti on inth e b as e o ffen se lev el forcrac k c oc ai ne off en de rs res po ns ib le for be twee n 1 .5 an d 4 .5 k il og ram s o f co cai ne ba se . The d is tri ctco urt’s fi nd in g was th atMars ha ll was a cco un tabl e fo r a dru g qua nt ity of “ inex ces s o f on e an d aha lf ki lo gr am s.” B ecau se th e d is tri ctco urt d idno t s ay ho w m an y

m or e k il og ram s i n ex ces s o f 1.5 ki lo gr am s, i t wo ul d b e sp ecu la ti onto say it was m or e th an4.5 ki lo gr am s. Acco rd in gl y , gi vi ng Mars ha ll th e b en efi t o f th e d oubt , we con si de r Mar sh al l as res po ns ib le for1.5 ki lo gr am s an d Am en dm en t 7 06 th us wou ldreduc e hi s o ffen se lev el fro m

42 to 40 . Howev er, anoff en se lev el of 4 0, al on g wi th Mar sh al l’s ca te go ry

III cr im in al hi st ory , st il l re su lt s i n the same gu id el in es ran ge of 36 0 m on th s t o l ife im

pr is on m en t. U.S.S.G. Sen te nc in g Tab le , Ch. 5 , Pt. A. The refo re, ev enif M ars ha ll is en ti tl edto a reduc ti on un de r Am en dm en t 7 06 , he i s no t el ig ib le fora § 3 58 2( c)(2 ) se nt en ce re du ct io n b ecau se Am en dm en t 7 06 do es no t “ al te r th e se nt en ci ng ran ge up on whi chhi s o r he r se nt en ce was ba se d.” Mo or e, 54 1 F .3dat 1 33 0. Gi ve n tha t M ars ha ll ’s gu id el in es sen te nc in g ra ng e d id no t ch an ge , th e d is tri ctco urt co rrec tl y reco gn iz edth atitha d n o aut ho rit y un de r § 435 82 (c)( 2) to reduc e h is sen te nc e. Uni te d S tate s v . W eb b, 5 65 F.3d78 9, 7 93

(1 1t h C ir. 2 00 9) . Mar sh al l’s ar gu m en t tha t h e is eli gi bl e fo r a § 35 82 (c)( 2) reduc ti on ba se d o n Uni te d S tate s v . Boo ke r, 54 3 U.S. 2 20 , 12 5 S . Ct. 7 38 (20 05 ), an d Ki m br ou gh v. Uni te d S tate s, 5 52 U.S. 85 , 12 8 S . Ct. 5 58 (20 07 ), is for ecl os edby ourpre ced en t. See Un it edSta te s v . Mel vi n, 5 56 F.3d11 90 , 11 92 (11 th Cir .), cert . den ie d, 1 29 S. Ct . 23 82 (20 09 ) (co nc lu di ng th at“ Bo ok er an d Ki m br ou gh do no t p ro hi bi t the li mit at io ns ona jud ge ’s di sc ret io n i n re du ci ng a se nt en ce i m po se d b y § 3 58 2( c)(2 ) an d the ap pl ic ab le po li cy st at em en t b y

th e Sen te nc in g C ommis si on ”); Jo ne s, 5 48 F.3 d a t 1 36 9 (c on cl ud in g tha t Bo ok er d oe s n otpro vi de a ba si s o n wh ic h t o g ran t a § 3 58 2( c)(2 ) m ot io n) . There fo re, the di stric t co urt d idno t err in refu si ng to us e Bo ok er an d Ki m

br ou gh as aba si s fo r a s en te nc e reduc ti on . Mar sh al l’s co nt en ti on th atth e d is tri ctco urt d en ie d h is m ot io n o utof vi nd ic ti ve ne ss is un supp orte d b y th e rec or d. AFFIRMED.

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