[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 239 (Wednesday, December 13, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 64046-64048]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-30404]



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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[FRC-5344-8]

Retrofit Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year


Urban Buses; Appoval of a Notification of Intent to Certify 
Equipment

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.

ACTION: Notice of agency certification of equipment for the urban bus 
retrofit/rebuild program.

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SUMMARY: The Agency received a notification of intent to certify 
equipment signed March 13, 1995 from the Cummins Engine Company 
(Cummins) with principal place of business at BOX 3005, COLUMBUS, IN 
47202-3005, for certification of urban bus retrofit/rebuild equipment 
pursuant to 40 CFR Sections 85.1401-85.1415. The equipment is 
applicable to Cummins petroleum-fueled LTA10-B model petroleum fueled 
4-stroke heavy-duty engines that were originally manufactured between 
November 1985 and December 1992. On June 21, 1995, EPA published a 
notice in the Federal Register that the notification had been received 
and made the notification available for public review and comment for a 
period of 45-days (60 FR 32316). EPA has completed its review of this 
notification, and the comments received, and the Director of the Engine 
Programs and Compliance Division <SUP>1 has determined that it meets 
all the requirements for certification. Accordingly, EPA approves the 
certification of this equipment effective December 13, 1995.

    \1\ The Office of Mobile Sources underwent a reorganization in 
September 1995 in which the responsibility to oversee the Urban Bus 
Retrofit/Rebuild Program and approve certification was assigned to 
the Director of the Engine Programs and Compliance Division. 
Formerly, this responsibility was assigned to the Director of the 
Manufacturers Operations Division. The regulations at 40 CFR 
Sections 85.1401-85.1415 will be amended in the near future to 
reflect this change.
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    The certified equipment provides 25 percent or greater reduction in 
exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) for the engines for which 
it is certified, and meets the life-cycle cost requirements of the 
urban bus retrofit/rebuild program for certification. As such, it 
triggers the requirements for operators choosing to comply with 
compliance program 1 for applicable engines. This equipment may also be 
used by operators choosing to comply with compliance program 2.
    The Cummins' notification, as well as other materials specifically 
relevant to it, are contained in Public Docket A-93-42, category VIII, 
entitled ``Certification of Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Equipment''. 
This docket is located in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (Ground Floor), 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 
20460.
    Docket items may be inspected from 8:00 a.m. until 5:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday. As provided in 40 CFR Part 2, a reasonable fee 
may be charged by the Agency for copying docket materials.

DATES: The date of this notice December 13, 1995 is the effective date 
of certification for the equipment described in the Cummins 
notification. This certified equipment may be used immediately by urban 
bus operators. Operators who have chosen to comply with Program 1 will 
be required to utilize this equipment (or other applicable equipment 
that is certified in the meantime) for any engine that is listed in 
Table B that undergoes rebuild on or after June 13, 1996.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Anthony Erb, Technical Support Branch, 
Engine Programs and Compliance Division (6405J), U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, 401 M St. SW, Washington, D.C. 20460. Telephone: 
(202) 233-9259.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    By a notification of intent to certify signed March 13, 1995, 
Cummins applied for certification of equipment applicable to the LTA10-
B model urban bus engines that were originally manufactured between 
November 1985 and December 1992. Two separate horsepower/torque ratings 
are to apply for each Control Parts List (CPL), <SUP>2 either 270 
horsepower and 860 foot-pounds of torque or 240 horsepower and 750 
foot-pounds of torque. This equipment will reduce PM emissions 25 
percent or more, on petroleum-fueled diesel engines that have been 
rebuilt to Cummins specifications. Life-cycle cost analysis information 
was submitted with the Cummins notification, along with a guarantee 
that the equipment will be offered to all affected operators for less 
than the incremental life cycle cost ceiling of $2,000 (1992 dollars). 
Cummins listed the total kit price to be $5,930 including an 
incremental increase of $1,435 for component parts. Installation costs, 
maintenance costs and fuel costs were stated to be unchanged. This 
equipment triggers program requirements for the 25% reduction standard 
for the applicable engines.

    \2\ The CPL is a number that identifies a specific Cummins part 
or component.
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    All components of the candidate equipment are contained in a 
combination of two kits. The first kit is common to both horsepower/
torque ratings and consists of a camshaft, cam key, cylinder kits, and 
a fuel plumbing kit. The second kit contains the injectors, cylinder 
head, turbocharger and fuel pump and is ordered based on the 
horsepower/torque rating that is desired. The first kit in combination 
with one of the second kits is required for the rebuild of an engine.
    Using engine dynamometer testing in accordance with the Federal 
Test Procedure for heavy-duty diesel engines, Cummins documented 
significant reductions in PM emissions. Emission test data supplied by 
Cummins in the notification are shown in Table A. The data indicate 
that the applicable engines with the certified 

[[Page 64047]]
equipment installed comply with applicable Federal emission standards 
for hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen 
(NO<INF>X), and smoke emissions. These data also demonstrate reductions 
in PM exhaust emissions.

                                                             Table A.--Test Engine Emissions                                                            
                                                                      [g/bhp-hr] <SUP>3                                                                      
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                                                                    Engine Baseline Emission Levels                               Smoke                 
                  Control Parts List                   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             HC            CO            NO<INF>x           PM            ACC           LUG          PEAK    
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0780..................................................          0.69          3.04          4.97          0.58         13.6           2.2          28.4 
0781..................................................          0.85          2.05          4.97          0.59         11.5           2.2          19.74
0774..................................................          0.68          3.34          6.86          0.46         11.0           1.4          23.3 
0777..................................................          0.68          2.93          6.49          0.61         12.8           1.8          33.5 
0996..................................................          1.33          4.73          5.17          0.61         14.9           2.7          37.5 
1226..................................................          0.69          2.65          4.58          0.45         13.5           1.1          30.6 
1441..................................................          0.6           2.70          4.7           0.46         10.0           1.0          18.0 
1622..................................................          0.6           2.70          4.7           0.46         10.0           1.0          18.0 
1624..................................................          0.69          2.65          4.58          0.45         13.5           1.1          30.6 
1994 (240Hp)..........................................          1.1           2.3           5.1           0.28          7             2            12   
1994 (270Hp)..........................................          0.8           2.3           5.4           0.24          6             1            10   
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<SUP>3 The baseline emission level for each pollutant is based on either the certification level or the average test audit result.                           

    Cummins is certifying this equipment to PM emission levels of 0.34 
g/bhp-hr for all engine models and years covered under this 
certification. This certification level represents a PM reduction that 
ranges between 25 to 44 percent when compared to the original 
certification PM levels for these engines. The certification levels for 
this equipment in the urban bus program are indicated in Table B, and 
apply only to the model numbers listed for engines that were 
manufactured within the cited manufacture dates.

                     Table B.--Retrofit/Rebuild Certification Levels For Cummins Equipment <SUP>4                    
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                                                                                                    Retrofit PM 
                                                                                     Original PM   certification
                                           Control                                  certification  level (g/bhp-
             Engine family                parts list        Manufacture dates       level (g/bhp-   hr) for 240 
                                            (CPL)                                        hr)         and 270 HP 
                                                                                                      ratings   
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343B...................................          780          11/20/85 to 12/31/87          0.58           0.34 
343B...................................         0781          11/20/85 to 12/31/87          0.59           0.34 
343C...................................         0774          11/20/85 to 12/31/89          0.46           0.34 
343C...................................         0777          11/20/85 to 12/31/89          0.61           0.34 
343C...................................         0996          12/04/87 to 08/19/88          0.61           0.34 
343C...................................         1226          07/26/88 to 12/31/90          0.50           0.34 
343F...................................         1226          07/12/90 to 08/26/92          0.45           0.34 
343F...................................         1441          12/18/90 to 12/31/92          0.46           0.34 
343F...................................         1622          04/24/92 to 12/31/92          0.46           0.34 
343F...................................         1624          04/24/92 to 12/31/92          0.45           0.34 
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<SUP>4 The original PM certification levels are based on the certification level or the average test audit result for
  each engine family. It is noted that for engine family 343F, although the PM standard for 1991 and 1992 was   
  0.25 g/bhp-hr and the NO<INF>X standard was 5.0 g/bhp-hr, Cummins certified the 1226, 1441, 1622, and 1624 CPLs to 
  a Federal Emission Limit (FEL) of 0.49 g/bhp-hr PM and 5.6 g/bhp-hr NO<INF>X under the averaging, banking and      
  trading program.                                                                                              

    Under Program 1, all rebuilds of applicable engines performed 6 
months following the effective date of this certification, must use 
this Cummins equipment (or other equipment certified in the meantime to 
reduce PM levels by at least a 25 percent). This requirement will 
continue for the applicable engines until such time as it is superseded 
by equipment that is certified to trigger the 0.10 g/bhp-hr emission 
standard for less than a life cycle cost of $7,940 (in 1992 dollars).
    Cummins has established a post-rebuild PM certification level of 
0.34 g/bhp-hr for this equipment when installed on engines with either 
the 240/750 or the 270/860 horsepower/torque rating. Operators who 
choose to comply with Program 2 and install this equipment, will use 
the 0.34 g/bhp-hr PM emission level in their calculation of fleet level 
attained.

II. Summary and Analysis of Comments

    EPA received comments from one party on this notification. The 
Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 998, Milwaukee, Wisconsin stated that 
this certification will have a significant impact on bus mechanics 
because local transit authorities will no longer be able to rebuild 
these engines due to the fact that the information needed to rebuild 
the engines, i.e., the technology and methods of modification, would 
not be made available to local transit providers by the certifier. 
Without the opportunity to rebuild these engines, the workers skill 
base would erode and their ability in the future to diagnose and repair 
these engines would be greatly reduced. It was stated that in order to 
avoid this situation, the technology and methods of modification should 
be made available to local transit providers so that they have the 
choice of rebuilding in-house in order to reduce costs and maintain the 
skill level of the transit workforce.
    Although the failure of a certifier to provide rebuild 
specifications to an operator that would enable the operator to perform 
engine rebuilds is not a 

[[Page 64048]]
criteria that the Agency uses to evaluate an application during the 
review process, Cummins was contacted to determine whether or not 
information would be provided to operators that would enable them to 
rebuild the components of the certified kit and the engine rebuild 
itself. Cummins' representative stated that the information will be 
made available to authorized facilities only. Transit operators who 
desire to rebuild in-house have the option of being qualified as an 
authorized facility by meeting certain requirements through a Cummins 
review and approval process. Cummins stated that a few of the larger 
bus operators have obtained this approval already but noted that it may 
not be feasible for smaller operators who would not have a sufficient 
number of engines to justify the investment of time and resources 
necessary to become an authorized facility. Rebuilds that are not 
performed by an authorized facility would not be covered under the 
emissions warranties provided by Cummins under this certification.
    Based on the Cummins policy, it will be necessary for an operator 
to perform the initial retrofit/rebuild of this equipment at an 
authorized Cummins facility. However, the urban bus retrofit/rebuild 
regulation allows a bus operator to use retrofit/rebuild equipment 
beyond the 150,000 mile warranty period. Therefore, a bus operator 
could perform maintenance (including rebuilding certain parts) on 
retrofit/rebuild equipment beyond the warranty period. Under these 
circumstances, the transit operator would be responsible for 
maintaining the equipment in proper operating condition, assumes 
responsibility for emissions performance, and is subject to the 
enforcement penalties associated with noncompliance under the retrofit/
rebuild program. Cummins would not be responsible for warranty coverage 
as stated in 40 CFR Sections 85.1409 (a) and (b) for such engines after 
the expiration of the initial warranty periods.
    In addition, it is noted that certification testing is currently 
underway for other equipment, including aftertreatment devices, that 
will allow operators to perform engine rebuilds using current rebuild 
practices. We anticipate that a number of these applications will be 
presented to EPA for approval in the near future. Certification of 
these applications should allow operators to maintain their current 
rebuild procedures.

III. Certification Approval

    The Agency has reviewed this notification, along with comments 
received from interested parties, and finds that the equipment 
described in this notification of intent to certify:
    (1) Reduces particulate matter exhaust emissions by at least 25 
percent, without causing the applicable engine families to exceed other 
exhaust emissions standards;
    (2) Will not cause an unreasonable risk to the public health, 
welfare, or safety;
    (3) Will not result in any additional range of parameter 
adjustability; and,
    (4) Meets other requirements necessary for certification under the 
Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year Urban 
Buses (40 CFR Sections 85.1401 through 85.1415).
    The Agency hereby certifies this equipment for use in the urban bus 
retrofit/rebuild program as discussed below in section IV.

IV. Operator Requirements and Responsibilities

    This equipment may be used immediately by urban bus operators who 
have chosen to comply with either program 1 or program 2, but must be 
properly applied. Currently, operators having certain engines who have 
chosen to comply with program 1 must use equipment certified to reduce 
PM emissions by 25 percent or more when those engines are rebuilt or 
replaced. Today's Federal Register notice certifies the above-described 
Cummins equipment as meeting that PM reduction requirement. Equipment 
that has been certified to reduce PM by 25% or more must be used by 
operators with applicable engines who have chosen program 1. Urban bus 
operators who choose to comply with Program 1 may use the certified 
Cummins equipment until such time as the 0.10 g/bhp-hr standard is 
triggered for the applicable engines.
    Operators who choose to comply with Program 2 and use the Cummins 
equipment will use the appropriate PM emission level from Table B when 
calculating their fleet level attained (FLA).
    As stated in the program regulations (40 CFR 85.1401 through 
85.1415), operators should maintain records for each engine in their 
fleet to demonstrate that they are in compliance with the requirements 
beginning in January 1, 1995. These records include purchase records, 
receipts, and part numbers for the parts and components used in the 
rebuilding of urban bus engines.

    Dated: November 14, 1995.
Mary D. Nichols,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 95-30404 Filed 12-12-95; 8:45 am]
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