#### In the Matter of the Will of HANNAH WILLIAMS, SR.

(Filed 10 October, 1951.)

Wills § 6 — Signature of testator may appear in any part of the instrument.

A will may be signed by testator, or by another person in his presence and by his direction, at any place in the instrument, since the statute does not require that the signature be “subscribed,” G.S. 31-3, and therefore testimony to the effect that the instrument was written at the direction of testatrix and in her presence and in accordance with her wishes, and that her name appeared thereon in the beginning in the words “will of Hannah Williams, Sr., and that after it was written it was read to her and she stated that it was correct, *is held*sufficient to support a finding by the jury that the paper writing was signed in the name of testatrix by the draftsman in her presence and at her request.

*229Appeal by caveators Essie Allen Bobinson and Junius L. Williams, from *Burney, J.,*at April Term, 1951, of NoethamptoN.

Proceeding to probate in solemn form will of Hannab Williams, Sr., on issues raised by caveat filed by caveators above named.

Tbe propounders, in their petition to the court, allege, among other things, substantially the following:

1. That Hannah Williams, Sr., late of Northampton County, North Carolina, died testate 2 March, 1922, — being at the time the owner of the real estate hereinafter mentioned.

2. That the petitioners propound for probate in solemn form a paper writing, bearing date 17 May, 1920, purporting to be the last will and testament of Hannah Williams, Sr., the original of which is on file in office of Clerk of Superior Court of Northampton County, North Carolina, and a copy of which, marked Exhibit A, is as follows:

Exhibit “A” — HaNNAh Williams’ Will.

“Garysburg, N. C.

May 17 th, 1920

“Will of Hannah Williams, Sr.

Garysburg, North Carolina

Northampton County

“I give the following property to the parties, or persons named below.

“To A. W. Williams, I give (2) two acres situated on the North side joining Mr. G. E. Eansom.

“To W. M. Williams, I give (2) two acres situated on the North side joining G. E. Eansom, and the (2) acres given A. W. Williams.

“To Essie Allen, I give (1) acre, situated on the North side joining G. E. Eansom, and W. M. Williams.

“To Junius L. Williams, I give (1) one acre situated on the North joining G. E. Eansom, and Essie Allen.

“To W. W. Williams, I give the house and all of the other land.

“To Mary Mason, I give ($5.00) Five Dollars in money.

“To Esta Williams, I give ($5.00) Five Dollars in money.

“To Earnest Williams, I give ($5.00) Five Dollars in money.

“I also appoint or designate W. W. Williams as Administrator of my estate without bond.

“We certify that Hannah Williams, Sr., was in her sound mind.

“Witness this May 17th, 1920.

(s) L. N. Neal (Sealed)

(s) M. P. Sweatt (Sealed)

(s) Peter Sweatt (Sealed).”

*2303. That theretofore said paper writing has been duly offered for and admitted to probate in common form in Superior Court of Northampton County, North Carolina, as the last will and testament of Hannah Williams, Sr., and W. W. Williams then qualified as executor thereof; and now petitioners desire and move that the probate thereof be in solemn form to the end that there may be no future controversy.

4. That petitioners are now the owners in fee simple and equitably entitled to 30/32 undivided interest in and to all the real estate devised in said paper writing, having acquired title thereto in following manner:

(a) On 21 January, 1929, Walter W. Williams, the sole residuary devisee in said paper writing, and his wife, executed a deed of trust, duly registered, to John A. Suiter, Trustee, in which, they conveyed, with general warranty, all the real estate devised in said paper writing, to secure the payment of a certain indebtedness to William M. Person, with power of foreclosure in the event of default in payment thereof at maturity.

(b) Default occurred in the payment of the indebtedness, and John A. Suiter, Trustee, having been duly requested to do so, and in the exercise of the power of foreclosure, sold all the land conveyed by said deed of trust, and pursuant thereto on 8 March, 1932, executed a deed, which is duly registered, to William M. Person, as the last and highest bidder.

(c) On 6 April, 1949, William M. Person died intestate, being at the time the owner in fee and equitably entitled to and in possession of all the real estate so conveyed to him by John A. Suiter, Trustee. And petitioners, and two others named, are all the heirs at law of William M. Person, deceased, who, prior to filing the petition for probate of said paper writing in solemn form, duly requested W. W. Williams, as executor, to make application, within ten days after date of service thereof, to Superior Court of Northampton County for the probate in solemn form of said paper writing as the last will and testament of Hannah Williams, Sr., and duly notified him that upon his failure so to do, they, as persons interested in the estate in the manner as above set forth, would apply therefor to the Superior Court.

The caveators, in their caveat, set forth, among other things:

That the paper writing, Exhibit A, propounded for probate in solemn form is not the last will and testament of Hannah Williams, Sr., for that: “(a) As these caveators are informed and believe, and upon such information and belief aver, that the paper writing as aforesaid was not signed by the said Hannah Williams, Sr., nor was it signed by anyone for her or at her direction.

“(b) At the time of the alleged writing of said paper, purporting to be her last will and testament, the said Hannah Williams, Sr., was not competent to make a last will and testament.

*231“(c) That such paper writing purporting to be a will was obtained by undue influence and fraud.”

Tbe cause was duly transferred to Superior Court of Northampton County for trial, and was tried at April Term, 1951.

Upon tbe trial: Eev. L. N. Neal, “one of tbe witnesses to tbe will,” being duly sworn, testified: “I am 84 years old ... I knew Hannab Williams, Sr. . . . Hannab Williams, Sr. could not read or write.” “Q. I band you a paper writing bearing date of May 17, 1920, wbicb purports to be tbe will of Hannab Williams, Sr., wbicb bas been identified by tbe Court Eeporter as ‘A.’ Please examine tbis paper writing and state in whose bandwriting it is written.” Caveators object — overruled—exception. “A. I wrote tbis will. Mrs. Williams sent for me and Eev. Sweatt to come down to her place. She requested me to write tbis paper writing for her. Hannab Williams told me tbe purpose for wbicb she wanted tbis paper writing written.” Caveators object — overruled—exception. “Han-nab Williams told me that she wanted me to write her will. She told me she owned tbe bomeplace upon wbicb she lived. She told me what she wanted to do with her property at tbe time I wrote tbis paper writing. I wrote tbis paper in accordance with what Hannab Williams, Sr., told me as to tbe disposition she desired to make of her property after her death. I wrote tbis paper writing by her authority and direction and in her presence ... in her room in tbe bouse where she lived wbicb was on her bomeplace. Eev. M. P. Sweatt and another young man by tbe name of Sweatt were present when tbe paper writing was written and signed. I was present, Hannab Williams, Sr. was present and they were all present. After tbe paper was written, I read it over to her and asked her if it was correct. She answered, ‘Yes.’ She acknowledged it in tbe presence of me and tbe other witnesses. I signed tbe name of Hannab Williams, Sr. at tbe bead of tbis paper writing in her presence and at her request. I did so in tbe presence of tbe other witnesses. M. P. Sweatt, Peter Sweatt and myself signed and subscribed tbe paper writing as witnesses in Hannab Williams’ presence, at her request and in tbe presence of each other. Hannab Williams, Sr. was well and hearty, up and about, walking all over tbe bouse ... In my opinion Hannab Williams Sr. bad mind enough at tbe time tbis paper was executed to know tbe property she owned, who her kin people were and tbe claims which they made upon her and tbe effect of making a will. I did not see or overbear anyone coerce or compel Hannab Williams, Sr. to make tbis will, and she acted freely and voluntarily.”

Then on cross-examination, tbe witness was asked these questions, to wbicb be answered as shown :

“Q. Hid you see in tbis paper writing where tbis woman signed it or not?

*232“A. No, I signed it for ber at her request.

“Q. Is there anywhere on this paper where you signed at her request ?

“A. I don’t know. I think so.”

And continuing in part, “At the top of the paper shows what she asked me to do.” “Q. You have in this paper ‘Will of Hannah Williams, Garysburg, N. C.’ That is the only place you have it in the will ?” “A. That is right. I put it in there to identify who she was and where she lived. That is why I put it there. I don’t remember exactly the words she said to me on this occasion . . .”

Peter Sweatt, “one of the witnesses to the will,” testified in pertinent part: “I knew Hannah Williams and she lived about three-quarters of a mile from me and I would see her and talk to her practically every week ... I know W. W. Williams. He is son of Hannah Williams. He stayed with and took care of his mother as long as she lived. My name appears as a subscribing witness to the paper writing dated May *11,*1920, which purports to be the will of Hannah Williams, Sr., and is identified as ‘A.’ I saw it written by L. N. Neal. L. N. Neal wrote the paper at the request of Hannah Williams, Sr.”

“Q. Did you hear Hannah Williams, Sr. say the purpose for which she wanted this paper writing?” Caveators object — overruled—exception.

“A. I do not remember for what purpose she said she wanted it written. Hannah Williams, Sr. told me at the time . . . that she owned the homeplaee upon which she lived.”

“Q. Was this paper writing written in accordance with what Hannah Williams, Sr. said she wanted to do with her property after she died?” Caveators object — overruled—exception.

“A. Yes. This paper was written by her authority and at her direction, in her room in her house. M. P. Sweatt, Rev. Neal, myself and Hannah Williams, Sr. were present when this paper was written. This paper was read to Hannah Williams, Sr. She said that was what she wanted to do with her property.

“L. N. Neal signed the name of Hannah Williams, Sr. at the top of this will in her presence, at her request and by her direction. L. N. Neal, M. P. Sweatt and I signed and subscribed this paper writing as witnesses in her presence and at her request and in the presence of each other. M- P- Sweatt was my father. He is now dead. I know his signature and that is his genuine signature to the paper writing as one of the subscribing witnesses.

“Hannah Williams was getting along and around all right and I think she was normal. In my opinion she had mind enough at the time this paper was written to know who her kin people were and their claims upon her and what property she owned and the effect of making a will. I never saw her when she did not have such mental capacity. I never *233saw anyone do or say anything to coerce or compel Hannah Williams, Sr., to make this will.”

The proponnders offered testimony of other witnesses tending to show that, at all times prior to her death, Hannah Williams, Sr., had mental capacity to know what property she had, who her kinspeople were, their claims upon her, and the effect of making a will.

Propounders then offered in evidence the paper writing bearing date 17 May, 1920, which purports to be the will of Hannah Williams, Sr., and identified as “A,” hereinabove copied.

Caveators object — overruled—exception.

Propounders further offered evidence tending to show the following:

I. That Hannah Williams, Sr., had four children — •

(1) A. W. Williams, who predeceased her, leaving no children.

(2) W. M. Williams, who predeceased her, leaving no children.

(3) Elizabeth Williams Allen who predeceased her, leaving a daughter, Essie Allen Robinson; and

(4) W. W. Williams, who is living, and then in the courthouse.

II. That (1) Junius L. Williams is son of Junius L. Williams, Sr., a brother of Hannah Williams, Sr.

(2) Esther Williams, sister of Junius L. Williams, and niece of Hannah Williams, Sr., is dead.

(3) Mary Mason, sister of Esther Williams and Junius L. Williams, and niece of Hannah Williams, Sr., is dead.

(4) Ernest Williams, brother of Esther Williams, Mary Mason and Junius L. Williams, is nephew of Hannah Williams, Sr.

III. That Hannah Williams, Sr., owned her homeplace at time of her death.

And propounders also offered in evidence record of deed of trust from Walter W. Williams and wife to John A. Suiter, Trustee, and of deed from John A. Suiter, Trustee, to William M. Person, and testimony tending to show the facts pertaining to their interest in the estate as set forth in their petition as hereinabove stated, and to their request that W. W. Williams, as executor, apply to the court for probate of said paper writing in solemn form. Caveators object — overruled—exception.

Caveators offered no evidence.

At the close of evidence propounders tendered these issues, which were submitted to and answered by the jury as shown:

“1. Are the propounders persons interested in the estate of Hannah Williams, Sr.?

“Answer: Yes.

“2. If so, did the propounders notify and request W. M. Williams, Executor, to offer said paper writing for probate in solemn form as the *234last will and testament of Hannab Williams, Sr. as alleged in tbe petition?

“Answer: Yes.

“3. If so, did W. W. Williams, Executor, fail to offer said paper writing for probate in solemn form as tbe last will and testament of Hannab Williams, Sr.?

“Answer: Yes.

“4. If so, was tbe paper writing dated May 17, 1920 and offered for probate as tbe last will and testament of Hannab Williams, Sr., deceased, signed and executed according to law?

“Answer: Yes.

“5. If so, did tbe said Hannab Williams, Sr. bave mental capacity to make a will on tbe 17th day of May 1920?

“Answer: Yes.

“6. If so, was tbe execution of said paper writing procured by undue influence or fraud ?

“Answer: No.

“7. Is tbe paper writing dated May 17, 1920 offered for probate by Elizabeth Lane and others, and every part thereof, tbe last will and testament of Hannah Williams, Sr. ?

“Answer: Yes.”

Caveators objected to submission of tbe first, second and third issues. Objection overruled' — exception. They thereupon “requested tbe court to answer tbe fourth issue No, which tbe court refused to do and to which tbe caveators excepted.”

Judgment was signed by tbe court in accordance with tbe verdict, to which caveators excepted, and appealed to Supreme Court and assign error.

*E. B. Tyler and Gay & Midyette for*propounders, *appellees.*

*Charles W.*Williamson, *Floyd. T. Hall, and P. E. Bell for caveators, appellants.*

WinbobNe, J.

Tbe pivotal question here presented is this: In tbe light of *the*testimony of *the*two subscribing witnesses, who testified in tbe trial below, is tbe paper writing propounded for probate “signed” by Hannab Williams, Sr., within tbe purview of G.S. 31-3 which prescribes tbe requirements for formal execution of a written will with witnesses?' Tbe answer is “Yes.”

In this State it is provided by statute Gr.S. 31-3 that “no last will or testament shall be good or sufficient, in law, to convey or give any estate, real or personal, unless such last will shall bave been written in tbe testator’s lifetime, and signed by him, or by some other person in bis presence *235and by bis direction, and subscribed in bis presence by two witnesses at least, no one of wbom shall be interested in tbe devise or bequest of tbe estate . . .”

Tbis statute is similar in purport to tbe statute G.S. 22-2 pertaining to contracts requiring writing, generally known as tbe statute of frauds, wbicb declares tbat “all contracts to sell or convey any lands . . . shall be void unless said contract, or some memorandum or note thereof, be put in writing and signed by tbe party to be charged therewith, or by some other person by him thereto lawfully authorized.”

That the name of the testator may be signed to the paper writing by some other person in his presence and by his direction is expressly authorized by the statute G.S. 31-3. Such is the case also in instances to which the provisions of G.S. 22-2 apply. The principle is recognized in *Devereux v. McMahon,*108 N.C. 134, 12 S.E. 902; *In re Johnson,*182 N.C. 522, 109 S.E. 373; *S. v. Abernethy,*190 N.C. 768, 130 S.E. 619.

And with respect to the signing by the testator, or by “the party to be charged,” as the case may be, this Court in interpreting the statutes, has held that when a signature is essential to the validity of the instrument, it is not necessary that the signature appear at the end unless the statute uses the word “subscribe.” *Devereux v. McMahon, supra; Hall v. Misenheimer,*137 N.C. 183, 49 S.E. 104; *Richards v. Lumber Co.,*158 N.C. 54, 73 S.E. 485; *Boger v. Lumber Co.,*165 N.C. 557, 81 S.E. 784; *Burriss v. Starr,*165 N.C. 657, 81 S.E. 929; *Peace v. Edwards,*170 N.C. 64, 86 S.E. 807; *Alexander v. Johnston,*171 N.C. 468, 88 S.E. 785; *S. v. Abernethy, supra; Corp. Comm. v. Wilkinson,*201 N.C. 344, 160 S.E. 292; *Paul v. Davenport,*217 N.C. 154, 7 S.E. 2d 352; *In re Will of Goodman,*229 N.C. 444, 50 S.E. 2d 34.

In the *Richards case, supra, Clark, O. J.,*writing for the Court, declared that “this has always been ruled in this State in regard to wills, as to which the signature may appear anywhere.” This declaration is recognized in *Boger v. Lumber Co., supra; Burriss v. Starr, supra; Peace v. Edwards, supra; Alexander v. Johnston, supra.*

And in *Boger v. Lumber Co., supra,*,it is said that “the authorities make a distinction between statutes requiring instruments to be signed and those requiring them to be subscribed, holding with practical unanimity, in reference to the first class, that it is not necessary for the name to appear at any particular part of the instrument, if written with the intent to become bound; and as to the second class, that the name must be at the end of the instrument.”

In the light of these principles, the testimony of the subscribing witnesses, in the present case, is sufficient to support a finding by the jury that the paper writing in question was signed in the name of Hannah "Williams, Sr., by Rev. L. N. Neal in her presence and at her request, *236witbin the meaning of the statute G.S. 31-3. The words “will of” preceding the name of Hannah Williams, Sr., given their ordinary meaning, tend to identify the paper writing as her will, and to indicate that she knew it to be her will.

All other questions stated in the brief of appellants have been given due consideration, and each is found to be without merit.

Hence in the judgment below we find

No error.