#### O. J. WHITE v. J. K. PLEASANTS.

(Filed 17 December, 1945.)

1. Contracts § 6: Brokers and Factors § 3: Fraud, Statutes of, § 9—

Oral contracts between real estate brokers and their principals for the sale of land of the principal are enforceable as such.

2. Brokers and Factors § 8: Contracts § 16—

A simple contract of agency for the sale of land for an indefinite and unstated time is generally revocable, in good faith, at any time before the broker makes the sale, or produces a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy on the terms set forth by the principal.

3. Contracts § 16: Brokers and Factors §§ 10, 12—

Where a broker has made a sale of land, or has produced a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy on the terms set forth by the principal, the principal, although having the power, has no legal right, without incurring liability for the wrongful termination, to revoke the broker’s agency to sell.

4. Brokers and Factors §§ 10, 12—

When under an existing contract of agency to sell land in which no stipulation is made for compensation, the broker has made a sale, or produced a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy the land, the rule seems to be that the broker is entitled to the reasonable value of his services.

Appeal by plaintiff from *Stevens, J.,*at September Term, 1945, of Dueham.

Civil action commenced before justice of peace of Durham County, North Carolina, for recovery of $50.00 on implied contract for commissions in sale of real estate, tried in Superior Court *de novo*on appeal thereto from judgment of said justice of peace court.

Upon the trial in Superior Court plaintiff testified in pertinent part as follows: “On or about March 2nd of this year, and for the past three years, I have had license to engage in real estate business in Durham . . . As a licensed real estate dealer, I sell real estate on commission for other people . . . About the middle of February, 1945, I went to the defendant’s office to ask him about some property which he was interested in and he . . . advised me that he had a lot in Forest Hills which he would like for me to sell for him ... At this time . . . defendant took the map or drawing or blue print . . . of lot . . . and showed it to me. I asked what his price on the lot was and he told me $1000. I said: ‘Mr. Pleasants, I will sell that lot.’ Mr. Pleasants said: ‘I wish you would. I want my money out of it . . .’ He gave me the dimensions of *761tbe lot as 120 by 230. I made a notation or memorandum of tbe dimensions of tbe lot . . . following . . . 120 x 230, $1000' — J. E. Pleasants. . . . Pursuant to tbis agreement witb defendant, I ran an ad in Durham papers advertising tbe said lot for sale ... in tbe Durham Sun on March 2nd, 1945, as follows: ‘Lots for sale. Here are some lots you will like. Forest Hills — 120 x 230 — $1000,’ etc. Signed ‘O. J. White.’ . . . I also ran tbis ad in Morning Herald of March 3, 1945 (same as above). Immediately after on tbe same day while I was running these ads in papers, I met tbe defendant on tbe street . . . and told him I bad advertised bis lot for sale in tbe Durham papers and tbe defendant then said, ‘Well, I’m glad you have. That’s a good buy; one of tbe best bargains in Durham’ ... be said, ‘All right, go ahead and sell it. It’s one of tbe best buys in Durham.’ Tbis conversation occurred on Saturday, March 3rd ... I carried Mrs. Campbell in my car to see tbe lot . . . Later she . . . said she did not wish to purchase tbe lot. I also carried in my car Mr. W. O. Wilkins and showed him tbe same lot that I showed Mrs. Campbell. I quoted him a price of $1000 cash, which was tbe price tbe defendant told me to sell it for. I sold tbe lot to W. O. Wilkins for $1000 cash and at tbe time I made tbe sale Mr. W. O. Wilkins gave me bis check in tbe sum of $100 as a deposit on said lot. Tbe balance was $900 as stated on face of check.” (Check offered- — reading: “Durham, N. C., 3/9/1945. Home Savings Bank. Pay to tbe order of O. J. White, Agent, $100.00 — One Hundred and no/100 Dollars. Dep. on lot 120 x 230 — Bal. $900.00,” signed “W. O. Wilkins.”) “When I received tbis cheek, I carried it to tbe defendant’s office on tbe same day and told him I bad sold tbe lot. Prior to taking tbe check to defendant, I saw him and advised him that I bad sold tbis lot and tbe defendant advised me that one of bis friends was interested in purchasing tbe lot but said that bis friend bad not purchased tbe lot and tbe one who brought tbe check to him first would get tbe lot. I later returned witb tbe check for tbe defendant, at which time tbe defendant advised me that be bad not sold bis lot to anyone and no one bad paid him any money on it. I then advised tbe defendant that here was a check for $100 deposit on tbe lot, and put tbe check on tbe defendant’s desk. Tbe defendant said be would not accept- tbe check, but I left it on bis desk. I advised tbe defendant tbe first time I saw him on March 9th that I bad sold bis lot and wanted a deed, and I advised him tbe same thing when I gave him tbe check. Tbe defendant refused to execute a deed for tbe lot, I asked him to pay me for my services or commission, which be refused to do. After be refused ... I brought tbis suit . . . W. O. Wilkins advised me and I so advised tbe defendant, that be was ready, willing and able to pay $1000 cash for tbis lot upon tbe execution of tbe deed by tbe defendant . . . Tbe usual commission in'a sale of tbis kind is 5%, or $50.”'

*762Then, on cross-examination, plaintiff continued: “When I first saw him (defendant) on March 9th I did not have any check. I told him I had a sale for the lot and wanted the deed for it. I did not offer him any money at that time . . .”

W. 0. Wilkins, as witness for plaintiff, testified in pertinent part as follows: *. .*On or about March 1945 the plaintiff took me out to Forest Hills and showed me a lot. The lot was about 120 by 230 feet . . . It was my information that the lot was owned by Mr. Pleasants, the defendant. The plaintiff . . . advised me that he could sell me the lot for $1000. I purchased this lot for $1000. I gave him a check for $100 as a deposit on the lot. (Identifies check.) I was ready, willing and able on March 9th to pay $1000 for that lot in Forest Hills as soon as I could get a good deed . . . and have been ready, willing and able to pay this price for the said lot since this time.” Then, on cross-examination, the witness continued: “I gave Mr. White the check the same day it is dated between 2:00 and 3 :00 o’clock. I agreed to pay $1000 for the lot.”

At close of evidence for plaintiff, the court allowed motion of defendant for judgment as in case of nonsuit, and entered judgment accordingly. Plaintiff appeals therefrom and assigns error.

*J. Grover Lee for plaintiff, appellant.*

*W. II. H offer for defendant, appellee.*

Winborne, J.

Taking the evidence in the light most favorable to plaintiff, we are of opinion that exception to the ruling of the court below in granting motion for judgment as in case of nonsuit is well taken. The evidence offered by plaintiff appears to be sufficient to take the case to the jury upon appropriate issues.

Appellee concedes at the outset that oral contracts between real estate brokers and their principals for the sale of land of the principal are enforceable as such. *Abbott v. Hunt,*129 N. C., 403, 40 S. E., 119; *Lamb v. Baxter,*130 N. C., 67, 40 S. E., 850; *Smith v. Browne,*132 N. C., 365, 43 S. E., 915; *Palmer v. Lowder,*167 N. C., 331, 83 S. E., 464.

And it is not debated on this appeal that plaintiff has introduced evidence tending to show that defendant requested plaintiff to sell a certain lot of land for him at the price of $1000 — without fixing any time limit within which plaintiff was authorized to sell the lot, and without specifying compensation to plaintiff for selling it.

It is a settled principle of law that a simple contract of agency for the sale of land for an indefinite and unstated time is generally revocable, in good faith, at any time before the broker makes the sale of the land, or produces a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy on the *763terms set forth by the principal. But where the broker has made a sale of the land, or has produced a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy on the terms set forth by the principal, the principal, although having the power, has no legal right, without incurring liability for the wrongful termination, to revoke the broker’s agency to sell. 12 C. J. S., 46, Brokers, section 16; 8 Am. J., 1007, Brokers, section 39. See also *Abbott v. Hunt, supra; Clark v. Lumber Co.,*158 N. C., 139, 73 S. E., 793; *Crowell v. Parker,*171 N. C., 392, 88 S. E., 497; *Real Estate Co. v. Sasser,*179 N. C., 497, 103 S. E., 73; *Hagood v. Holland,*181 N. C., 64, 106 S. E., 154; *House v. Abell,*182 N. C., 619, 109 S. E., 877; *Olive v. Kearsley,*183 N. C., 195, 111 S. E., 171; *Gossett v. McCracken,*189 N. C., 115, 126 S. E., 117; *Johnson v. Ins. Co.,*221 N. C., 441, 20 S. E. (2d), 327; *Lindsey v. Speight,*224 N. C., 453, 31 S. E. (2d), 371; *Ins. Co. v. Lisher, ante,*345.

Moreover, when under an existing contract of agency to sell land in which no stipulation is made for compensation the broker has made a sale, or produced a purchaser who is ready, willing and able to buy the land, the rule seems to be that the broker is entitled to recover the reasonable value of his services. See *Lindsey v. Speight, supra,*where the authorities are assembled. See also *Thomas v. Realty Co.,*195 N. C., 591, 143 S. E., 144.

In the light of these principles of law applied to the evidence offered by plaintiff, the judgment below is

Eeversed.