COURT OF APPEALS

EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

EL PASO, TEXAS

ESMERALDA DOMINGUEZ and MIGUEL

DOMINGUEZ, A/N/F ABRAHAM

DOMINGUEZ, 

 Appellants, 

v. 

SOCORRO INDEPENDENT SCHOOL

DISTRICT, 

Appellee.

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No. 08-23-00083-CV

Appeal from 

171st Judicial District Court

of El Paso County, Texas 

(TC# 2021-DCV-1007) 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Esmeralda and Miguel Dominguez, both individually and on behalf of their son, Abraham 

Dominguez, appeal the trial court’s denial of their motion to reinstate the case and the dismissal

for want of prosecution for failure to appear at two hearings. Because the uncontroverted facts in 

their verified motion to reinstate establish that their attorney’s failure to appear at two hearings 

was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference, we reverse. 

BACKGROUND

On March 26, 2021, Appellants filed this lawsuit after sustaining personal injuries in an 

automobile accident with one of Appellee’s school buses. The trial court’s live docket control 
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order showed a motions hearing was set for December 6, 2022.1 On September 19, 2022, the trial 

court rescheduled the motions hearing to December 13, 2022.

Appellants’ trial counsel, Stephen Rushing, did not appear at the motions hearing. Two 

days later, on December 15, 2022, at 4:34 p.m., Appellee filed and served on Appellant’ counsel 

a motion to dismiss for want of prosecution, and the court set a dismissal hearing for 10:00 a.m. 

the following day.2 The record is silent as to what time the notice of the December 16 dismissal

hearing was sent to the attorneys of record. Rushing did not appear at the dismissal hearing, and 

the court dismissed the case, both sua sponte and on Appellee’s motion, for Rushing’s failure to 

appear at the two hearings. 

Appellants filed their response to Appellee’s motion to dismiss on December 19, 2022—

the next business day after the dismissal hearing—outlining the actions they had taken to pursue 

their claims and noting that the case was set for mediation ten days later, on December 29. 

Nonetheless, the trial court signed an order of dismissal on January 5, and the clerk sent notice of 

the dismissal on January 9, 2023. The order dismissing the case states that despite “[d]ue notice,” 

Rushing did not appear at the motions hearing or the dismissal hearing.

On February 3, 2023, Appellants filed a motion to reinstate under Texas Rule of Civil 

Procedure 165a(3). In the motion, Rushing claimed his absence was not intentional or the result of 

conscious indifference, but that he failed to appear due to a calendaring error. Appellants requested 

a hearing on the motion.

1 The case was set for trial on January 9, 2023, and a mediation was set for December 29, 2022.

2 The record does not include orders setting hearings on December 13 and December 16, 2023, but Appellants do not 

contest that a “Zoom Hearing Notice” was sent. 
3

The court did not set a hearing on the motion to reinstate, nor did it rule on the motion. 

After 75 days, it was overruled by operation of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 163a(3).

STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the denial of a motion to reinstate for an abuse of discretion. Dalmex, Ltd. v. 

Apparel Enters., Inc., 455 S.W.3d 241, 243 (Tex. App.—El Paso, 2015 no pet.) (citing Smith v. 

Babcock & Wilcox Constr. Co., Inc., 913 S.W.2d 467, 468 (Tex. 1995) (per curiam). “A trial court 

abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily or unreasonably, without reference to guiding rules or 

principles.” Id. (quoting Iliff v. Iliff, 339 S.W.3d 74, 78 (Tex. 2011)). “With regard to factual 

matters, an abuse of discretion occurs if the record establishes that the ‘trial court could reasonably 

have reached only one decision.’” Id. (quoting Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992) 

(orig. proceeding)). 

APPLICABLE LAW

After a case is dismissed for want of prosecution, the trial court retains plenary jurisdiction 

for 30 days, during which time a party seeking reinstatement may file a motion to reinstate the 

case. Novoa v. Viramontes, 553 S.W.3d 45, 50 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2018, no pet.) (citing Smith, 

913 S.W.2d at 468); TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a(3). “A motion to reinstate, much like a motion for new 

trial, extends appellate timetables and lengthens the duration of the trial court’s plenary power over 

the case.” Abraham v. Acton, 539 S.W.3d 521, 523 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2018, no pet.). However, 

an unverified motion to reinstate does not extend the trial court’s jurisdiction beyond the ordinary 

30-day window. McConnell v. May, 800 S.W.2d 194, 194 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam); Novoa, 553 

S.W.3d at 51. If the trial court does not rule on a timely filed motion to reinstate within 75 days of 

the motion’s filing date, the motion is deemed overruled by operation of law, and the trial court’s 
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plenary jurisdiction ends 30 days later. Abraham, 539 S.W.3d at 523 (citing TEX. R. CIV. P.

165a(3)).

“[A]n oral hearing is required on any timely filed motion to reinstate under rule 165a.” 

Thordson v. City of Houston, 815 S.W.2d 550, 550 (Tex. 1991) (per curiam) (emphasis in original) 

(quoting Gulf Coast Inv. Corp. v. NASA 1 Bus. Ctr., 754 S.W.2d 152, 152 (Tex. 1988) (per curiam 

denying writ)). The court “shall reinstate the case upon finding after a hearing that the failure of 

the party or his attorney [to appear] was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference but 

was due to an accident or mistake or that the failure has been otherwise reasonably explained.” 

Smith, 913 S.W.2d at 468 (quoting TEX. R. CIV. P. 165(a)(3)). This standard is essentially the same 

as that for setting aside a default judgment. Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 243 (citing Smith, 913 S.W.2d 

at 468). 

ANALYSIS

Appellants raise three issues on appeal. First, they contend the trial court erred by failing 

to hold a hearing on their motion to reinstate. Second, they argue the trial court should have 

reinstated their case because the uncontroverted allegations in their motion demonstrated that 

Rushing’s failure to appear was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference. Last, they 

maintain the trial court failed to provide adequate notice of the dismissal hearing.

In addition to responding to each of Appellants’ points, Appellee also contends this Court 

lacks jurisdiction because Appellants failed to properly verify their motion to reinstate and thus 

did not extend the appellate timetables, making their notice of appeal untimely. Because this point 

is jurisdictional, we address it first.
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A. Was Appellants’ motion to reinstate verified?

Appellee contends Appellants’ motion to reinstate was not properly verified because it does 

not include the declarant’s date of birth or address. Appellee also argues that the signed motion is 

neither an affidavit nor an unsworn declaration because the attorney’s signature appears after the 

notary’s jurat on a signature block merely reflecting the signature required on all pleadings by 

Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 57. Thus, Appellee contends that because the motion is not properly 

verified, the trial court was not required to act upon the motion, and we do not have jurisdiction 

over this appeal, as it did not serve to extend the right to appeal beyond 30 days after the dismissal. 

Appellants argue the motion is verified, as it meets the statutory definition of an affidavit 

or alternatively substantially complies with the form required for an unsworn declaration. 

Therefore, they maintain we have jurisdiction over the appeal, as they timely filed it. We agree 

with Appellants and conclude the motion constitutes a valid affidavit.

Rule 165a(3) requires a motion to reinstate to “be verified by the movant or his attorney.”

“The plain language of [Rule 165a] requires that the motion be verified but it is silent as to the 

form of the verification.” Andrews v. Stanton, 198 S.W.3d 4, 7–8 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006, no 

pet.). A verification is “[a] formal declaration made in the presence of an authorized officer, such 

as a notary public, by which one swears to the truth of the statements in the document.” Id. at *8

(quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 1556 (7th Ed. 1999)).

An affidavit of counsel is sufficient to verify a Rule 165a motion. Id. The Government 

Code defines an affidavit as a signed, written statement of facts, sworn to before an officer 

authorized to administer oaths, and certified under his seal. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 312.011(1); 

In re Allstate Indem. Co., 622 S.W.3d 870, 879 n.6 (Tex. 2021). “[N]o particular terminology is 

required to render a document an affidavit because it is the substance and not the form of an 
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affidavit that is significant.” Acme Brick, a Div. of Justin Indus., Inc. v. Temple Assocs., Inc., 816 

S.W.2d 440, 441 (Tex. App.—Waco 1991, writ denied).

Appellants’ motion to reinstate meets the statutory requirements of an affidavit. The motion

includes a section titled “DECLARATION” following the prayer. It reads:

I declare under penalty of perjury that:

1) I am above the age of eighteen years,

2) I am fully competent to make this declaration, and

3) The facts stated in this Verified Motion to Reinstate are within my 

personal knowledge and are true and correct.

The document then states that it was “sworn to and subscribed”3 before a licensed notary public 

and includes the notary’s signature, name, and seal, as well as the date. Rushing’s signature block,

containing his signature and office information, follows.

Appellee’s argument regarding Rushing’s signature placement is inapposite because “[t]he 

law does not direct or guide where the necessary signature is to be located.” Acme Brick, a Div. of

Justin Indus., Inc. v. Temple Associates, Inc., 816 S.W.2d 440, 441 (Tex. App.—Waco 1991, writ 

denied), citing Kohn v. Washer, 6 S.W. 551, 552 (1887). What matters is whether the document 

was signed “for the purpose of subscribing to the instrument,” as is the case here. Id. at 441. The 

fact that Rule 57 requires Rushing’s signature on the motion does not prevent the signature from 

also swearing to the truth of the facts stated in the motion.4

3 Capitalization omitted.

4 We need not reach Appellee’s argument about the motion missing Rushing’s birthdate because that issue is relevant 

only for an unsworn declaration used in lieu of an affidavit. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 132.001(d); 

Hays St. Bridge Restoration Grp. v. City of San Antonio, 570 S.W.3d 697, 702 n.15 (Tex. 2019). Here, we conclude 

the motion constitutes a valid affidavit, thus the unsworn-declaration requirements are immaterial. 
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The motion constitutes a valid affidavit because it is a signed, written statement of facts, 

sworn to before a licensed notary public, and certified under the notary’s seal. We thus have 

jurisdiction over this appeal, as the trial court’s dismissal order was entered on January 5, 2023;

the verified motion to reinstate was filed within 30 days, extending the appellate timetable; and 

the notice of appeal was filed on April 3, 2023. TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(a)(3).

B. Must Appellants’ case be reinstated?

Having found that we have jurisdiction, we turn to Appellants’ second issue on appeal in 

which they urge us to reinstate the case because their motion provided uncontroverted evidence 

that their attorney missed the two hearings due to a calendaring error, which was not intentional 

or the result of conscious indifference. Appellee contests the characterization of the error as a 

calendaring mistake and instead asserts that Appellants’ attorney acted with conscious indifference 

by ignoring notices he admittedly received. Appellee also argues that the court coordinator’s 

telephone contact with the attorney’s office and the e-service of the motion to dismiss are evidence 

that Appellants’ attorney knew about the dismissal hearing and simply chose to not attend. 

The trial court is required to “reinstate the case upon finding after a hearing that the failure 

of the party or his attorney was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference but was due 

to an accident or mistake or that the failure has been otherwise reasonably explained.” TEX. R. CIV.

P.165a(3) “A failure to appear is not intentional or due to conscious indifference within the 

meaning of the rule merely because it is deliberate; it must also be without adequate justification.” 

Smith, 913 S.W.2d at 468. “Proof of such justification—accident, mistake or other reasonable 

explanation—negates the intent or conscious indifference for which reinstatement can be denied.” 

Id. (citing Bank One, Tex., N.A. v. Moody, 830 S.W.2d 81, 84 (Tex. 1992)). Thus, “[a] trial court 

abuses its discretion in denying reinstatement following a dismissal for want of prosecution when 
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an attorney’s explanation for a failure to appear is reasonable.” Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 244. “Some 

excuse . . . is enough to show lack of conscious indifference.” Id.

If the factual assertions of the party seeking reinstatement are uncontroverted, he has 

satisfied his burden so long as the motion includes facts that, if true, show his errors were not 

intentional or the result of conscious indifference. Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 244 (citing Evans, 889 

S.W.2d at 268). Evans, 889 S.W.2d at 269. 

Here, in their motion to reinstate, Appellants explained:

Plaintiffs’ failure was due to an explainable reason. Specifically, the Zoom Hearing 

Notice for the hearings set for December 13, 2022 and December 16, 2022 was sent 

only directly to Plaintiffs’ counsel (Stephen Gregory Rushing). The notice did not 

include other staff members of Plaintiffs’ counsel . . ., all of who[m] are listed under 

the “Service Contacts” from the filing date of Plaintiffs’ Original Petition. This

omission is crucial considering these same staff members are who maintain the 

firm’s calendar for Plaintiffs’ counsel . . . . Hence, the December 13, 2022 and 

December 16, 2022 hearings were not ever entered unto Plaintiffs’ counsel[’s 

calendar].

While Appellee focuses on the fact that Rushing received notice of the hearings, not 

receiving notice is only one way that an attorney can show that he did not act with conscious 

indifference. Here the question is whether, despite receiving notices, Rushing had a reasonable 

explanation for his failure to attend the hearings. Failure to properly calendar a hearing does not 

amount to intentional conduct or conscious indifference. Dir., State Emps. Workers’ Comp. Div. 

v. Evans, 889 S.W.2d 266, 269 (Tex. 1994); Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 244. Indeed, “[a]n excuse 

need not be a good one to suffice.” Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 244 (quoting Milestone Operating, Inc. 

v. ExxonMobil Corp., 388 S.W.3d 307, 310 (Tex. 2012) (per curiam)). Rushing’s belief that his 

staff members, who were service contacts, would also receive notice of the hearing and calendar 

them accordingly suffices as a reasonable explanation for his failure to attend. 
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Next, we must decide whether Appellee provided any evidence controverting this 

explanation. Appellee did not file a response to the motion but argues that the statements made at 

the hearing and the proof that the motion to dismiss was served on Rushing’s staff refute 

Appellants’ explanation for Rushing’s failure to appear and support a finding that he acted with 

conscious indifference. Appellee compares this case to cases in which communications between 

court staff or the court and the absent attorney were sufficient to show that the attorney acted with 

conscious indifference. For example, in Henderson, the attorney claimed he did not appear because 

he believed he was on standby. Henderson v. Lewis, No. 07-14-00445-CV, 2015 WL 2375372, at 

*2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo May 15, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.). But the evidence at the hearing 

contradicted the attorney’s excuse. The court coordinator stated that she never told the attorney he 

was on standby; that the attorney told the court coordinator they were not ready for trial because 

of a pending motion to withdraw; and that he was told he still needed to appear. Id. at *2. Appellee 

also cites Cabrera, which held that a motion to reinstate was properly denied because the attorney 

refused to attend hearings even after being called by the judge. Cabrera v. Cedarapids Inc., 834 

S.W.2d 615, 618 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1992), writ denied, 847 S.W.2d 247 

(Tex. 1993).

At the hearing in this case, the following exchange occurred regarding communications 

with Rushing’s office: 

THE COORDINATOR: Judge, when I was calling, I was asking for Mr. 

Rushing. He would say, yes. I would say, Okay, this is Mr. 

Rushing. And he would say, yes. And right now when I 

called and they said he was a paralegal, Mr. Eddie. It’s 

Eddie his paralegal, but it’s the same person I spoke to 

yesterday and today. But when I would call I would ask for 

Mr. Rushing and he would tell me that it was him. And right 

now he said it was Eddie, his paralegal.
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THE COURT: Okay. So, do you think they are playing games with you, 

Ms. Mata? 

THE COORDINATOR: I think so, Judge. At this point, yes. It’s the same 

person I spoke to yesterday. 

THE COURT: He called yesterday. He said or he had – he – whoever it 

was. He told my court coordinator that a mediation is set in 

this case and how could I dismiss it.

. . . 

THE COURT: I made it clear to him that somebody had to appear, or Ms. 

Mata made it clear to him on Wednesday.

 

This case is different from those cited by Appellee. The statements by the court coordinator 

are ambiguous at best. It is unclear who she spoke with; when she spoke to them; what, if anything, 

she told them about the hearing; and whether appearing at the hearing was ever discussed. 

Furthermore, the statements made by the trial judge are not evidence. A judge may not testify as a 

witness, and no objection is needed to preserve that error. TEX. R. EVID. 605. The Fourteenth Court 

of Appeals, faced with almost identical facts, disregarded testimonial statements in the record 

made by the trial court. Mack v. Ret. Hous. Found., 627 S.W.3d 391, 397 (Tex. App.—Houston 

[14th Dist.] 2021, no pet.). In that case, the Appellant filed a motion to reinstate alleging she had 

not received notice of the trial assignment. Id. at 395. At the hearing on the motion to reinstate, the 

trial court recounted his “personal recollection” that court staff had conversations with the attorney 

about the hearing date and whether it would be continued. Id. at 396. The court of appeals held 

that the court’s “statements cannot be relied on as evidence to support the deemed denial of Mack’s 

motion to reinstate.” Id. at 397-98; see also O’Quinn v. Hall, 77 S.W.3d 438, 446, 448 

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2002, no pet.) (in a 306a hearing to determine when a party 

received notice of a court order, the court could not supply evidence based on its own personal 

knowledge that its staff gave notice of the order to all attorneys). Even if we could consider the 
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trial court’s statements, they suffer from the same lack of specificity as the court coordinator’s

statements. 

Finally, Appellee argues that evidence supplied at the hearing reflected that Rushing’s staff 

in charge of scheduling received notice of the hearing, thus contradicting his claim. However, the 

record only shows evidence of Rushing’s paralegal having received and opened the motion to 

dismiss, which is not evidence that the notice of the hearing was sent to the paralegal: 

Appellee’s counsel: . . . I have also filed a motion to request that the Court 

dismiss for want of prosecution, and that was filed, and this 

was e-served on Mr. Rushing. They knew--they know about 

this hearing today. They knew at [sic] the motions hearing. 

The Court: Did they open up their e-mail, [court clerk]? 

The Clerk: Judge, I do show that Mr. Rushing did not open his e-mail; 

however, [the paralegal] did from his law firm. 

(emphasis added).

The Appellee therefore presented no evidence controverting Rushing’s reasonable 

explanation for his failure to appear. 

As there was no hearing on Appellants’ motion to reinstate, and Appellee did not otherwise 

provide the court with any evidence negating Appellants’ excuse for their attorney’s failure to 

appear, the trial court could have reached only one result: Appellants’ attorney’s failure to appear 

was due to a calendaring mistake and was not intentional or due to conscious indifference. See id.; 

Lindsey v. Haynes, No. 04-21-00484-CV, 2022 WL 17971313, at *4 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 

Dec. 28, 2022, no pet.) (mem. op.). The trial court thus abused its discretion in failing to reinstate 

Appellants’ case. See Dalmex, 455 S.W.3d at 244. 

Issue Two is sustained. Because we sustain Appellants’ second issue, we do not reach their

third issue, in which they seek the same relief by challenging the adequacy of notice they received 
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from the trial court regarding the dismissal hearing, or their first issue, in which they seek a hearing 

on the motion for reinstatement. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1; Abraham, 539 S.W.3d at 524. 

CONCLUSION

We reverse the denial of Appellants’ motion to reinstate and remand the cause to the trial 

court to be reinstated on its docket.

LISA J. SOTO, Justice

December 21, 2023

Before Palafox, J., Soto, J., and Marion, C.J. (Ret.)

Marion, C.J. (Ret.) (Sitting by Assignment)