Exhibit
10.11


 


SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT


 


This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this “Agreement”) is dated as of November __, 2022, between Versus Systems Inc., a British Columbia corporation (the
“Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns,
a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).


 


WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined
below), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from
the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:


 


ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS


 


1.1
 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following
terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:


 


“Acquiring Person”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.


 


“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).


 


“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.


 


“Board of
Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Business
Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” 
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
are open for use by customers on such day.


 


“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.


 


“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties
thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s
obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd)
Trading Day following the date hereof.


 






     


     


    

 


“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Common Shares”
means the common shares of the Company, no par value per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter
be reclassified or changed.


 


“Common Share
Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any
time Common Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any
time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Shares.


 


“Common Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Share purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof,
which Warrants shall be immediately exercisable and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years following the date of issuance, in
the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.


 


“Common Warrant
Shares” means the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants


 


“Company
Canada Counsel” means Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP, with offices located at 550 Burrard Street, Suite 2900, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6C OA3.


 


“Company
US Counsel” means Pryor Cashman LLP, with offices located at 7 Times Square, New York, New York 10036-6569.


 


“Disclosure
Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.


 


“Disclosure
Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and
before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight
(New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof,
unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.


 


“EGS”
means Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, with offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105-0302.


 


“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).


 






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“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Exempt Issuance”
means the issuance of (a) Common Shares or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option
plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of
a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise
or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder, and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible
into Common Shares issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the
date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price
of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities, and warrants
to the Placement Agent in connection with the transactions pursuant to this Agreement and any securities upon exercise of warrants to
the Placement Agent, (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested
directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and
carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition
period in Section 4.12(a) herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person)
which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business
of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction
in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing
in securities and (d) and (d) up to $_____ of Securities issued to other purchasers pursuant to the Prospectus concurrently with the Closing
at the Per Share Purchase Price, less than aggregate Subscription Amount pursuant to this Agreement.


 


“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.


 


“IFRS”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).


 


“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).


 


“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.


 


“Lock-Up
Agreement” means the Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company and each of the directors and
officers of the Company, in the form of Exhibit C attached hereto.


 






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“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).


 


“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).


 


“Per Share
Purchase Price” equals $_____, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per
Pre-Funded Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.0001.


 


“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.


 


“Placement
Agent” means Roth Capital Partners, LLC.


 


“Pre-Funded
Warrant” means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Common Share purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance
with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire when exercised in full, in the
form of Exhibit A attached hereto.


 


“Pre-Funded
Warrant Shares” means the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.


 


“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.


 


“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.


 


“Prospectus
Supplement” means, if any, any supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with
the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing in connection with the Securities.


 


“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.


 


“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement with Commission file No. 333-267896 which registers the sale of the Securities
to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.


 


“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).


 


“Rule 144”
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.


 






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“Rule 424”
means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.


 


“Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Public Securities,
which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated
by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.


 


“SEC Reports”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Securities”
means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.


 


“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Shares”
means the Common Shares issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.


 


“Short Sales”
means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include
locating and/or borrowing of Common Shares). 


 


“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified
below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in
United States dollars and in immediately available funds (minus, if applicable, a Purchaser’s aggregate exercise price of the Pre-Funded
Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised).


 


“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.


 


“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.


 


“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).


 






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“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements
executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Transfer
Agent” means Computershare, Inc., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 8742 Lucent Boulevard,
Suite 300, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.


 


“Variable
Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).


 


“VWAP”
means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Shares are then listed
or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date)
on the Trading Market on which the Common Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from
9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted
average price of the Common Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Shares
are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Shares are then reported in The Pink Open Market
(or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common
Shares so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a Common Share as determined by an independent appraiser
selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the
Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.


 


“Warrants”
means, collectively, Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants.


 


“Warrant
Shares” means the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares and the Common Warrant Shares.


 






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ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE


 


2.1
Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with
the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not
jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $______ of Shares and Common Warrants; provided, however, that, to the
extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates, and
any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess
of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares, such Purchaser may elect
to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser to the Company.
The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, with respect to each Purchaser, at the election of such Purchaser
at Closing, 9.99%) of the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the
Closing Date. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be
made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement with the Company or its designee (other than the Subscription Amount
applicable to the Pre-Funded Warrants). The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares and Common Warrants (and, as
applicable, Pre-Funded Warrants) as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other
items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2
and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Each Purchaser acknowledges that,
concurrently with the Closing and pursuant to the Prospectus, the Company may sell up to $____ of additional Shares and Warrants to purchasers
not party to this Agreement, less the aggregate Subscription Amount pursuant to this Agreement, and will issue to such purchasers such
shares of Common Stock and Common Warrants or Prefunded Warrants and Common Warrants in the same form and at the same Per Share Purchase
Price. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company
and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”),
such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively,
the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions
by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at
the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s
receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees
that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period
such Purchaser shall sell any Common Shares to any Person and that any such decision to sell any Common Shares by such Purchaser shall
solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement
of the Shares shall occur via “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company
shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s)
at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver
such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer
to the Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) delivered
on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of
this Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time)
on the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) for purposes
hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant
Share Delivery Date.


 






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2.2
Deliveries.


 


(a)
On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser
the following:


 


(i)
this Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 


(ii)
a legal opinion of Company US Counsel and Company Canada Counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and Purchasers;


 


(iii)
subject to the seventh sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions,
on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;


 


(iv)
subject to the seventh sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer
Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”)
Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;


 


(v) for each Purchaser
of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number
of Common Shares equal to the portion of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount applicable to Pre-Funded Warrants divided by the
Per Share Purchase Price, with an exercise price equal to $0.0001, subject to adjustment therein;


 


(vi)
a Common Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of Common Shares equal to ___% of such Purchaser’s
Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants, with an exercise price equal to $___, subject to adjustment therein;


 


(vii)
on the date hereof, the duly executed Lock-Up Agreements; and


 


(viii)
the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).


 


(b)
On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:


 


(i)
this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and


 


(ii)
such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement
with the Company or its designee, as to the Shares, and which shall be wired directly to the Company as to the Pre-Funded Warrants.


 






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2.3
Closing Conditions.


 


(a)   The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)
the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects)
on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in
which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality,
in all respects) as of such date);


 


(ii)
all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have
been performed; and


 


(iii)
the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.


 


(b)
The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met:


 


(i)
the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material
Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects or, to the extent representations
or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date);


 


(ii)
all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed;


 


(iii)
the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;


 


(iv)
there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof;


 


(v)
from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Shares shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.


 






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ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES


 


3.1
Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules
shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained
in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each
Purchaser:


 


(a)
Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). The Company
owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all
of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free
of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to
the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.


 


(b)
Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or
other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good
standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned
by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not
have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction
Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise)
of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in
any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material
Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking
to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.


 






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(c)
Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations
hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and
the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part
of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection
herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms
hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and
other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the
availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 


(d)
No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents
to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or
articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an
event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties
or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument
(evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental
authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any
property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could
not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(e)
Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give
any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings
required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) application(s)
to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required
thereby, and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required
Approvals”).


 






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(f)
Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance
with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens
imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid
and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock
the maximum number of Common Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration
Statement in conformity in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on March 31,
2022 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been
required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing
or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by
the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission.
The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus Supplement with the Commission pursuant
to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and
at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the
requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or
supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and
will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading.


 


(g)
Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), which
Schedule 3.1(g) shall also include the number of Common Shares owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company
as of the date hereof. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), the Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently
filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s
stock option plans, the issuance of Common Shares to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant
to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Share Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under
the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate
in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities and as set
forth on Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any
character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving
any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Common Shares or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments,
understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional Common Shares or Common
Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary
to issue Common Shares or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments
of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or
instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the
Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or
arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The
Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have
been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any
preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder,
the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g),
There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock
to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.


 






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(h)
SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the
two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the
foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and
the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received
a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their
respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act,
as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements
of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations
of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
(“IFRS”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited
financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by IFRS, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position
of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the
periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.


 


(i)
Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development
that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities
(contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with
past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to IFRS or disclosed
in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or
made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase
or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate,
except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential
treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i),
no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist
with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial
condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made
or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.


 






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(j)
Litigation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding
or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their
respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state,
county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”). None of the Actions set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), (i)
adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii)
could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or
liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the
Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director
or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration
statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.


 


(k)
Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees
of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the
Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that
their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary,
is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary
information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third
party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability
with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and
foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours,
except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.


 


(l)
Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred
that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under),
nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound
(whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator
or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational
health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 






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(m)
Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance in all material respects with all federal,
state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water,
groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of
chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”)
into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport
or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments,
licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental
Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct
their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in
each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material
Adverse Effect.


 


(n)
Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the
appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the
SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect
(“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to
the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.


 


(o)
Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned
by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially
interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment
of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with IFRS and, the payment of which
is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries
are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.


 


(p)
Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks,
trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which
the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None
of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights
has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of
this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe
upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge
of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of
the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality
and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(q)
Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such
losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged,
including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when
such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant
increase in cost.


 






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(r)
Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(r), none of the officers or directors
of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently
a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal
property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer,
director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.


 


(s)
Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules
and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company
and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions
are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted
only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared
with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the
Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company
and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company
in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report
under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic
report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures
based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over
financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.


 






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(t)
Certain Fees. Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions
are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment
banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no
obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated
in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.


 


(u)
Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities,
will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


(v)
Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the
Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.


 


(w)
Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange
Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Shares under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(w), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received
notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Shares are or have been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance
with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in
the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Shares are currently
eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current
in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic
transfer.


 


(x)
Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in
order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights
agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents)
or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company
fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the
Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.


 






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(y)
Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their
agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not
otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing
representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company
to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including
the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken
as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The
Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.


 


(z)
No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section
3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any
offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the
Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any
Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.


 


(aa)
Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the
receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets
exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on
its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements
of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii)
the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after
taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when
such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking
into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or
circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws
of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(aa) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured
and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes
of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000
(other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent
obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated
balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar
transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases
required to be capitalized in accordance with IFRS. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.


 






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(bb)
Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income
and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has
paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns,
reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for
periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount
claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for
any such claim.


 


(cc)
Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.


 


(dd)
Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth on Schedule 3.1(dd) of the Disclosure Schedules. To
the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act
and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the
fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. 


 


(ee)
 Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the
Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company
(or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given
by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each
Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on
the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.


 






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(ff) Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked
by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company,
or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii)
past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative”
transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of
the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to
which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Shares,
and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any
“derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in
hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the
periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities
(if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging
activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any
of the Transaction Documents.


 


(gg)
Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company
to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases
of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with
the placement of the Securities.


 


(hh)
[RESERVED]


 


(ii)
Stock Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i)
in accordance with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market
value of the Common Shares on the date such stock option would be considered granted under IFRS and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no
Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with,
the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results
or prospects.


 


(jj)
Cybersecurity. (i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s
or any Subsidiary’s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective
customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively,
“IT Systems and Data”) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of
any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data;
(ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules
and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating
to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation
or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the
Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information
and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries
have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.


 






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(kk)
Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).


 


(ll)
U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within
the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.


 


(mm)
Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
“Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly,
five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity
of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.


 


(nn)
Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as
amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering
Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving
the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary,
threatened.


 


3.2
Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents
and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which
case they shall be accurate as of such date):


 


(a)
Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited
liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance
by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate,
partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will
constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i)
as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general
application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific
performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited
by applicable law.


 


(b)
Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct
or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this
representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or
otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the
ordinary course of its business.


 






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(c) Purchaser Status.
At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises
any Warrants, it will be an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12)
or (a)(13) under the Securities Act.


 


(d)
Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication
and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an
investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.


 


(e)
Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including
all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed
necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities
and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results
of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity
to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary
to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the
Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the
Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes
any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public
information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance
of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary
to such Purchaser.


 


(f)
Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser
has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed
any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that
such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth
the material pricing terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate
portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the
portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with
respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered
by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without
limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained
the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or
preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 






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The Company acknowledges and
agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on
the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any
other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute
a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or
similar transactions in the future.


 


ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES


 


4.1
Warrant Shares. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement
to cover the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued
pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement
(or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available
for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration
statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and
available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability
of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities
laws). The Company shall use best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance
or resale of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.


 


4.2
Furnishing of Information. Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Common Warrants
have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period)
all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject
to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.


 


4.3
Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any
security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes
of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other
transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.


 






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4.4
Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the
material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K, including the Transaction
Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press
release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered
to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates
or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or
similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective
officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of
the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be no further force or effect. The Company understands
and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The
Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated
hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without
the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser,
with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure
is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement
or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name
of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such
Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission
and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers
with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.


 


4.5
Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other
Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison
pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted
by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving
Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.


 


4.6
Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other
Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company
reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing
to the receipt of such information and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands
and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To
the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates
delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and
agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective
officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any
of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the
Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject
to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public
information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously with the delivery of such notice file such notice
with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser
shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.


 






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4.7
Use of Proceeds. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.7 attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from
the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion
of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices),
(b) for the redemption of any Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in
violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.


 


4.8
Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser
and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent
role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser
(within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders,
agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding
a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any
and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in
settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur
as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in
this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any
of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect
to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such
Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such
Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any
conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If
any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser
Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of
its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in
any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser
Party except to the extent that (x) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (y) the Company
has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (z) in such action there is, in the reasonable
opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party,
in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company
will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (1) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s
prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (2) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss,
claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants
or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by this
Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills
are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of
any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.


 






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4.9
Reservation of Common Shares. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve
and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of Common Shares for the purpose of enabling the Company
to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.


 


4.10
Listing of Common Shares. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common
Shares on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote
all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on
such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Shares traded on any other Trading Market,
it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause
all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then
take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Shares on a Trading Market and will comply in all
respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company
agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Shares for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established
clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established
clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.


 


4.11
[RESERVED]


 


4.12
Subsequent Equity Sales.


 


(a) From
the date hereof until forty-five (45) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into
any agreement to (i) issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents
or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, other than the Prospectus Supplement and the
registration statement required by Section 4.18.


 


(b)
From the date hereof until six (6) months after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into
an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents (or a combination
of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the
Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right
to receive additional Common Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon
and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity
securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial
issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the
business of the Company or the market for the Common Shares or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including,
but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market offering”, whereby the Company may issue securities at a
future determined price. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance,
which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.


 


(c)
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate
Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.


 


4.13
Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement) shall be offered or paid
to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also
offered to all of the parties to this Agreement. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each
Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class
and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting
of Securities or otherwise.


 






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4.14
Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants
that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including
Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such
time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4,
such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure
Schedules (other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives). Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything
contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation,
warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section
4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance
with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced
pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty
not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors,
employees, Affiliates or agent, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, after the issuance of the initial press release as
described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby
separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge
of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set
forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision
to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.


 


4.15
Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required
of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required
of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required,
nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to
exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms,
conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.


 


4.16
Lock-Up Agreements. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements
except to extend the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms.
If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to
seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.


 






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ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS


 


5.1
Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder
only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other
parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided,
however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).


 


5.2
Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the
fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees
(including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise
notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the
Purchasers.


 


5.3
Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus
Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior
agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such
documents, exhibits and schedules.


 


5.4
Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall
be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication
is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later
than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if
sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to
be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.


 


5.5
Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written
instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares
and Pre-Funded Warrants based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser)
or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment,
modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately
impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition
or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver
of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder
in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely
affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require
the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding
upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.


 






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5.6
Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed
to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.


 


5.7
Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors
and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent
of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom
such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred
Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”


 


5.8
No Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties
of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for
the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision
hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.


 


5.9
Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents
shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles
of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective
affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and
federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal
courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or
with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing
a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect
for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice
thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations
of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for
its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such
Action or Proceeding.


 






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5.10
Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.


 


5.11
Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered
one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party,
it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery
of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose
behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.


 


5.12
Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction
to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by
such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would
have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared
invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.


 


5.13
Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar
provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may
rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election
in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission
of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any Common Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise
notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration
of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement
warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).


 


5.14
Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed,
the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation),
or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to
the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also
pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.


 






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5.15
Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of
damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties
agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in
the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the
defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.


 


5.16
Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction
Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement
or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged
by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law
(including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent
of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force
and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.


 


5.17
Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction
Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the
performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in
any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers
as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any
way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each
Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this
Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional
party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation
of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to
communicate with the Company through EGS. EGS does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company
has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because
it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in
this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and
the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.


 






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5.18
Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the
Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and
other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages
or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.


 


5.19
Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any
right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next
succeeding Business Day.


 


5.20
Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to
revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved
against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition,
each and every reference to share prices and Common Shares in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and
forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Shares that occur after the date
of this Agreement.


 


5.21
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER
PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,
IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 


 


(Signature Pages Follow)


 




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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the
date first indicated above.


 


	
	VERSUS Systems inc.	 	Address for Notice:
	 	 	 	
	By:		 	 
	 	Name:	 	E-Mail:
	 	Title:	 	 
	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):	 	 



 


[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


 




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[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO VS
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.


 


Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________


 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:
_________________________________


 


Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________


 


Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________


 


Email Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________


 


Address for Notice to Purchaser:


 


Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):


 


Subscription Amount: $_________________


 


Shares: _________________


 


Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: __________________ Beneficial Ownership
Blocker ☐ 4.99% or ☐ 9.99%


 


Common Warrant Shares: __________________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker
☐ 4.99% or ☐ 9.99%


 


EIN Number: _______________________


 


☐
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to
purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company
to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing
shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated
by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any
agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an
unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the
like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.


 


[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]


 


 


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