FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

NOV 13, 2006

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 05-14778

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D. C. Docket No. 03-00028-CR-CAR-3

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee, 

versus 

PETER LAWRENCE, 

Defendant-Appellant. 

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Georgia

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(November 13, 2006)

Before CARNES, MARCUS and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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Peter Lawrence appeals his conviction for one count of possession with

intent to distribute more than 20 grams of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C.

§§ 841 (a)(1) and (b)(1)(B)(iii), which arose from events occurring in July 2003,

and one count of possessing with intent to distribute more than 5 grams of a

mixture containing cocaine base, in violation of the same code provisions, which

arose from events occurring in August 2004. 

Lawrence attacks the conviction on each count. After studying the briefs

and the pertinent parts of the record and hearing oral argument, we are convinced

that each conviction is due to be affirmed. Lawrence’s arguments about his

conviction on the first count raise an interesting issue about whether there is a

community caretaker or emergency aid exception to the requirement of a search

warrant before officers may enter a dwelling. But we do not need to decide that

issue, because even if we decided that there is no such exception or that any which

exists does not apply to the facts of this case, the conviction would still be due to

be affirmed. We would affirm it anyway under the harmless error rule for two

reasons. 

First, as the district court explained, if all of the information the officers

learned from entering the apartment before they had a warrant is redacted from the

affidavit, there was still enough information in the affidavit to provide probable
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cause for issuance of the search warrant.

Second, even if all the evidence obtained from the search pursuant to the

warrant is itself excluded, Lawrence’s guilt was still proven by overwhelming

evidence. While Lawrence was fleeing the officers, he threw down a large bag

containing 70 smaller bags each of which held a quantity of cocaine base. He also

had on his person a digital scale of the type used to weigh illegal drugs for

packaging and sale. The evidence relevant to illegal drug activities that came from

the search of the apartment and was introduced at trial included cocaine residue,

one marijuana bag, and various drug paraphernalia, including a box for the digital

scale, an additional scale, a straight razor blade, and a supply of plastic bags (all

empty) like the ones Lawrence had discarded earlier while he was being chased. 

No appreciable quantity of cocaine base or other illegal drug was found there. The

items found in the apartment were not nearly as incriminating as the drugs divided

into 70 resale packages and the actual digital scale that Lawrence had been

carrying when he was chased and arrested. We are convinced beyond a reasonable

doubt that the jury would have convicted Lawrence even if there had never been a

walk through or a search of the apartment.

As to the issues involving the traffic stop and pat down search in August of

2004, which led to the conviction on count 2 of the indictment, we are persuaded
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from the totality of the circumstances that the officer had reasonable suspicion to

justify his pat down of Lawrence and that the pat down and resulting seizure 

comported with the “plain feel” exception articulated in Minnesota v. Dickerson,

508 U.S. 366, 113 S. Ct. 2130 (1993).

AFFIRMED.