J-A09026-22

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

FREDERICK BURTON 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1137 EDA 2021

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered May 24, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-1210041-1970

BEFORE: NICHOLS, J., SULLIVAN, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY SULLIVAN, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 28, 2022

Frederick Burton (“Burton”) appeals from the order dismissing his serial 

petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1 

We affirm.

This Court previously summarized the factual and procedural history of 

this case as follows:

On December 7, 1972, following a jury trial, Burton was 

found guilty of first[-]degree murder [and related offenses] 

stemming from [his] participation in the murder of Fairmount 

Police Sergeant Francis R. Von Colln and the shooting of Officer 

Joseph Harrington, in the Cobbs Creek section of Philadelphia on 

August 29, 1970. Following the trial, on December 12, 1973, the 

trial court sentenced Burton to a term of life imprisonment for the 

murder conviction. [The trial court additionally sentenced Burton

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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to, inter alia, a concurrent term of life imprisonment for 

conspiracy.]

On October 16, 1974, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania 

affirmed Burton’s judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v.

Burton, [] 330 A.2d 833 ([Pa.] 1974). [The Court denied Burton’s 

petition for a rehearing.]

Burton took no further action for over six years. However, 

on September 30, 1981, Burton filed his first petition for post[-

]conviction relief under the former collateral relief act, the Post 

Conviction Hearing Act (“PCHA”). A hearing was held on October 

28, 1982 after which, the PCHA court denied Burton’s requested 

relief by order dated January 9, 1984. This Court subsequently 

affirmed the PCHA court’s order, and the Supreme Court of 

Pennsylvania thereafter denied allocatur.

* * * *

On November 19, 1991, Burton filed his second post[-

]conviction collateral petition, now governed by the PCRA. On 

December 5, 1991, the PCRA court, without a hearing, denied the 

relief requested. This Court affirmed the PCRA court’s order 

denying relief on March 30, 1994, and the Supreme Court of 

Pennsylvania again denied allocatur on August 17, 1994.

On September 28, 2004, Burton filed . . . his third post[-

]conviction collateral petition under Pennsylvania law. Burton’s

petition was subsequently amended by counsel on September 29, 

2005. The PCRA court . . . issued a [] notice of intent to dismiss 

for untimeliness pursuant to Rule 907 of the Pennsylvania Rules 

of Criminal Procedure. Subsequent thereto, the PCRA court 

dismissed Burton’s petition as untimely on August 11, 2006.

* * * *

[On appeal from the dismissal of his third petition, Burton 

claimed, inter alia, that he had discovered new and exculpatory 

evidence which impugned the] credibility of a prosecution witness, 

Marie Williams [(“Ms. Williams”)]. [T]he so called “new and 

exculpatory evidence” [consisted of:] (1) the transcript of the 

November 1970 hearing on the Commonwealth’s motion to grant 

immunity to [Ms.] Williams [to compel her testimony at trial]; (2) 
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[her] statements to the police [incriminating Burton] made prior 

to the preliminary hearing; (3) and a letter [dated October 14, 

1970, which she] allegedly drafted . . . to the Commonwealth prior 

to the grant of immunity[, that was attached to her answer in 

opposition to the immunity petition, and wherein she contested 

the petition to grant immunity and claimed that the police coerced 

her statements incriminating Burton].

Commonwealth v. Burton, 936 A.2d 521, 522–23, 525 (Pa. Super. 2007)

(some footnotes omitted; paragraphs re-ordered for clarity). This Court 

affirmed the PCRA court’s order dismissing Burton’s third petition as untimely, 

noting that Burton failed to properly plead in his petition an exception to the 

timeliness requirement. See id. at 525, 528. This Court further observed 

that, even if Burton had properly invoked the newly discovered fact exception 

to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement, no relief would be due because the 

claimed “newly discovered evidence” regarding Ms. Williams had been 

available to Burton for over thirty years. Id. at 526. Our Supreme Court 

denied Burton’s petition for allowance of appeal. See Commonwealth v. 

Burton, 959 A.2d 927 (Pa. 2008).

Burton filed his fourth PCRA petition on July 31, 2018, in which he again 

asserted claims relating to Commonwealth witness Ms. Williams.2 Specifically, 

Burton alleged that he had recently discovered the Commonwealth’s immunity 

petition and Ms. Williams’s answer to the immunity petition in which she 

opposed the petition. See PCRA Petition, 7/31/18, at 11-12, 34. Burton 

claimed that the Commonwealth committed a violation under Brady v. 

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2 Ms. Williams is now deceased. See PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 20 

n.15. She was the wife of Burton’s co-defendant Hugh Williams. See id. at 

2 n.4.
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Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) by withholding Ms. Williams’s answer to the 

immunity petition, in which she alleged her statements incriminating Burton 

were coerced by police, and in which she opposed the immunity petition. See 

PCRA Petition, 7/31/18, at 29. Burton additionally claimed the Commonwealth 

violated his due process rights under the United States Constitution, 

Fourteenth Amendment, by allegedly knowingly presenting at trial Ms. 

Williams’s false testimony incriminating him. See id. at 52.3 

In August 2019, the PCRA court scheduled an evidentiary hearing. The 

PCRA court held an evidentiary hearing between August 17, 2020 and August 

25, 2020. See PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 7-8. The PCRA court 

dismissed Burton’s petition as untimely, and meritless, on May 24, 2021. See 

Order, 5/24/21. The court concluded, among other things, that Burton’s 

petition was facially untimely by more than forty years and, because this Court 

concluded in 2007 that Ms. Williams’s answer and letter were available to 

Burton as far back as 1970, Burton failed to prove an applicable exception to 

the PCRA’s timeliness requirement and thereby failed to invoke the court’s 

jurisdiction. See PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 22-24. Burton timely 

appealed, and both he and the PCRA court complied with Pennsylvania Rule 

of Appellate Procedure 1925.

Burton raises the following issues for our review:

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3 Burton also claimed ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to 

impeach Ms. Williams with her immunity answer and letter. See id. at 58. 

He does not pursue this issue in his brief on appeal.
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1 Whether the PCRA Court erred as a matter of law in applying 

the law-of-the-case doctrine to its analysis of the timeliness of 

Burton’s petition based on Burton’s 2007 Superior Court 

Opinion?

2 Whether the PCRA Court erred as a matter of law by failing to 

apply the analysis of Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 

1267[, 1285-86] (Pa. 2020)[, in which our Supreme Court 

disavowed the presumption that PCRA petitioners know facts 

of public record] to Burton’s present petition?

3 Whether the PCRA Court erred as a matter of law by applying 

the after-discovered evidence standard to Burton’s present 

Brady claim?

4 Whether the PCRA Court erred as a matter of law by requiring 

Burton to prove that the Commonwealth did not disclose the 

immunity documents to establish the suppression prong of a 

Brady violation?

5 Whether the PCRA Court erred as a matter of law in excluding 

the Immunity Answer from its materiality analysis for the 

purposes of establishing a Brady violation on the basis that it 

would not be admissible?

Burton’s Brief at 5-6.

Our standard of review of an order dismissing a PCRA petition is wellsettled:

Our review of a PCRA court’s decision is limited to examining 

whether the PCRA court’s findings of fact are supported by the 

record, and whether its conclusions of law are free from legal 

error. We view the record in the light most favorable to the 

prevailing party in the PCRA court. We are bound by any 

credibility determinations made by the PCRA court where they are 

supported by the record. However, we review the PCRA court’s 

legal conclusions de novo. 

Commonwealth v. Staton, 184 A.3d 949, 954 (Pa. 2018) (internal citation 

and quotations omitted). 
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Initially, we must determine whether Burton properly invoked the PCRA 

court’s jurisdiction over his facially untimely PCRA petition. Under the PCRA, 

any petition “including a second or subsequent petition, shall be filed within 

one year of the date the judgment becomes final[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. 

§ 9545(b)(1). A judgment of sentence becomes final “at the conclusion of 

direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the 

United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of 

time for seeking the review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). The PCRA’s 

timeliness requirements are jurisdictional in nature, and a court may not 

address the merits of the issues raised if the PCRA petition was not timely 

filed. See Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091, 1093 (Pa. 2010). 

As noted above, our Supreme Court affirmed Burton’s judgment of 

sentence on October 16, 1974. However, the Court only denied Burton’s 

petition for a rehearing on February 5, 1975. See Burton, 936 A.2d at 524. 

Accordingly, his judgment of sentence became final on May 6, 1975, after his 

time expired for filing a petition for writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme 

Court, and thus Burton had until May 6, 1976 to file a timely PCRA petition. 

See id. Accordingly, any petitions filed thereafter are facially untimely. Thus, 

Burton’s latest PCRA petition, filed on July 31, 2018, is facially untimely. 

Pennsylvania courts may nevertheless consider an untimely PCRA 

petition if the petitioner can plead and prove one of three exceptions set forth 

in section 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). See Commonwealth v. Taylor, 65 A.3d 462, 
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468 (Pa. Super. 2013) (providing that a PCRA court must dismiss an untimely 

petition if no exception is pleaded and proven). Relevant here, section 

9545(b)(1)(ii) provides an exception to the jurisdictional time-bar if “the facts 

upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could 

not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. 

§ 9545(b)(1)(ii). The focus of this exception is on newly discovered facts, not 

on a newly discovered or newly willing source for previously known facts. See 

Commonwealth v. Lopez, 249 A.3d 993, 1000 (Pa. 2021). A “newly 

identified source in further support for . . . previously known facts” is 

insufficient to satisfy section 9545(b)(1)(ii). See id. at 1000. If the fact upon 

which the claim is premised was previously known, it is of no moment that 

the issue had never been “adequately ‘developed and/or adjudicated’ in either 

the state or federal courts.” Id. Any PCRA petition invoking an exception 

under section 9545(b)(1) “shall be filed within one year of the date the claim 

could have been presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). 

Burton does not contest that his petition is facially untimely, but he 

argues that his petition satisfies section 9545(b)(1)(ii)’s newly discovered fact 

exception to the time-bar. Specifically, Burton argues that he first received 

in July 2018 certain immunity-related documents such as the 

Commonwealth’s immunity petition and proposed order as well as Ms. 

Williams’s answer. Burton’s Brief at 19. Burton specifies that the claims 

asserted in his latest petition derive from Ms. Williams’s answer. See id. at 
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20-21. Burton claims these documents show that the Commonwealth sought 

immunity for Ms. Williams in order to compel her testimony against Burton, 

and, further, that Ms. Williams opposed the immunity petition. See id. at 19-

20. According to Burton, Ms. Williams’s immunity answer “was replete with 

material, exculpatory evidence hitherto unknown to [him] where, in no 

uncertain terms, she disavows [prior] police statements” incriminating him. 

Id. at 20. While Burton asserts that he first received the immunity answer in 

2018, he concedes he had Ms. Williams’s letter—originally attached to the 

answer, and which makes the same claims, i.e., that police coerced her 

statements incriminating Burton—in 2003. See id. at 23-24. Burton 

nevertheless argues the letter was “not of substantive evidentiary value until 

Burton received the immunity answer [in] 2018, which authenticates it.” Id. 

at 22-23; see also id. at 33, 35, 59 (presenting argument under section 

9545(b)(1)(ii)).

4

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4 We note that Burton also attempted below to satisfy the timeliness exception 

at section 9545(b)(1)(i). See PCRA Petition, 7/31/18, at 16-25. However, in 

his appellate brief, apart from a single citation in his “preliminary statement,” 

Burton has not asserted or developed any argument that section 9545(b)(1)(i) 

applies, and he has therefore abandoned this issue. See Burton’s Brief at 4; 

see also Commonwealth v. Pacheco, 263 A.3d 626, 649 n.23 (Pa. 2021) 

(noting that appellate courts should not consider arguments raised below but 

abandoned on appeal) (internal brackets, quotations, and citation omitted). 

Burton presents argument about the Commonwealth’s alleged obstruction in 

connection with the “due diligence” requirement under section 9545(b)(1)(ii). 

See Burton’s Brief at 46-55. 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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The PCRA court considered Burton’s newly discovered evidence 

argument and rejected it. The court reasoned that Burton had raised the issue 

of Ms. Williams’s opposition to the Commonwealth’s immunity petition in

connection with his third PCRA petition, and this Court found in 2007 that the 

documents underlying this claim were available to Burton as far back as 1970. 

Accordingly, Burton presently “failed to show that he did not know about these 

facts [contained in the immunity answer] and could not have learned about 

them with the exercise of due diligence.” PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 

22-23.

Based on our review, we agree with the PCRA court’s conclusion that 

Burton failed to plead and prove his exception to the PCRA’s timeliness 

requirement under section 9545(b)(1)(ii), although our reasoning differs.

5

 

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We observe that Burton twice makes passing reference to section 

9545(b)(1)(i) in his reply brief. See Burton’s Reply Brief at 6, 18. However, 

assuming arguendo that Burton has not abandoned his section 9545(b)(1)(i) 

claim, it is undeveloped and thereby waived. See Commonwealth v. 

McMullen, 745 A.2d 683, 689 (Pa. Super. 2000) (stating that inadequately 

developed arguments make preclude meaningful review) (internal citation 

omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Wise, 171 A.3d 784, 791 (Pa. Super. 

2017) (finding waiver on appeal of an undeveloped issue).

5 While PCRA court’s legal basis is not entirely clear, the court appeared to 

consider itself bound, under the law of the case doctrine, by this Court’s 2007 

opinion in which we concluded that Burton had access to the immunity hearing 

transcripts, Ms. Williams’s police statements, and Ms. Williams’s letter as far 

back as 1970. Compare PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 21, 23-24 with 

Commonwealth v. Gacobano, 65 A.3d 416, 419-20 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(noting that under the law of the case doctrine, which directs discretion, a 

court should not reopen questions decided by a judge of the same court or a 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Burton concedes that Ms. Williams’s immunity answer—which he claims he 

first discovered in 2018—contains the same information as was in Ms. 

Williams’s letter, which he possessed at least as early as 2003. See Burton’s 

Brief at 20-24; see also Burton, 936 A.2d at 526-27.

6

 Both the answer and 

the letter state: that Ms. Williams disavowed her statements to police 

implicating, inter alia, Burton; that police had threatened her and her husband 

to obtain the incriminating statements against Burton; and that Ms. Williams 

was unwilling to testify for the Commonwealth. Thus, Burton’s proffered 

immunity answer contains no new facts; it is rather simply a newly discovered

source for previously known facts. As noted above, our Supreme Court has 

reiterated that the newly discovered fact exception in section 9545(b)(1)(ii) 

requires “newly discovered facts, not [] a newly discovered or newly 

willing source for previously known facts.” Lopez, 249 A.3d at 999 

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higher court). This was error because this Court’s conclusion that Burton 

possessed the transcripts, statement, and letter, was dictum and therefore 

non-binding. Commonwealth v. Wallace, 870 A.2d 838, 842 (Pa. 2005)

(concluding that prior dicta is non-binding). For the same reason, the PCRA 

court erred to the extent it relied on this Court’s dictum for its conclusion that 

the claims have been previously litigated for purposes of section 9543(a)(3). 

See, e.g., PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 25. While the PCRA court erred 

in these respects, we may affirm on any legal basis. See Commonwealth v. 

Thompson, 199 A.3d 889, 892 n.4 (Pa. Super. 2018) (internal citations, 

quotations, and brackets omitted). 

6 We also observe that Burton raised the issue of Ms. Williams’s letter in a 

2009 petition for habeas corpus in federal court. The district court denied the 

petition and the Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed. See, e.g., Burton 

v. Horn, 617 F.App’x. 196, 198–99 (3d Cir. 2015) (unpublished).
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(quoting Commonwealth v. Marshall, 947 A.2d 714, 720 (Pa. 2008)) 

(emphasis in Lopez). Burton knew the facts contained in the immunity 

answer at least as far back as 2003, which, he concedes, is when he received

Ms. Williams’s letter opposing immunity, originally attached to the immunity 

answer. Burton further presented this fact to this Court, which addressed it 

in 2007. Presently, Burton has merely alleged discovery of a new source for 

the same facts in the letter, i.e., the immunity answer itself.

7

 Accordingly, 

Ms. Williams’s immunity answer cannot satisfy the newly discovered facts 

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7 Burton devotes considerable time to discussing our Supreme Court’s Small 

decision, in which the Court disavowed the “public records presumption,” 

under which PCRA petitioners could be presumed to know facts of public 

record. See, e.g., Burton’s Brief at 33-35; see also Small, 238 A.3d at 1271, 

1282, 1284. As we conclude Burton had actual knowledge of the facts 

contained in the immunity answer well before his 2018 PCRA petition and has 

accordingly failed to show his claim is predicated on a newly discovered fact, 

his arguments premised on Small are not germane to our disposition.
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exception under section 9545(b)(1)(ii).

8

 The PCRA court thus lacked 

jurisdiction to consider the merits of Burton’s claims.

9

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/28/2022

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8 We further reiterate that when a PCRA court determines a petition is 

untimely, it lacks jurisdiction to reach the merits of the petition. See, e.g., 

Commonwealth v. Albrecht, 994 A.2d 1091, 1093 (Pa. 2010) (stating the 

PCRA court has no jurisdiction over an untimely petition and has no legal 

authority to address the substantive merits). Once the PCRA court concluded 

Burton’s petition was untimely, it had no jurisdiction to entertain the 

substantive merits of his petition, including his Brady and due process claims. 

Cf. PCRA Court Opinion, 7/29/21, at 25-29. We likewise have no jurisdiction 

to consider the substantive claims. Accord Albrecht, 994 A.2d at 1093 

(stating that neither the PCRA court nor appellate courts have jurisdiction over 

an untimely petition). 

9 We note that Burton filed a post-submission communication pursuant to 

Pa.R.A.P. 2501(b). See Post-Submission Communication, 7/11/22. Burton 

failed, however, to file an application to make the post-submission 

communication pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2501(a). Accordingly, we decline to 

consider the communication. We observe, however, that the communication 

is a federal opinion issued in Bracey v. Superintendent Rockview SCI, 986 

F.3d 274 (3d Cir. 2021). Bracey addresses the due diligence required to 

collaterally attack a conviction under federal law and is not germane to the 

issue of whether Burton established that the facts underlying his claim were 

newly discovered under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii).