#### James Rogers, Appellant, *v.*Herman C. Peterson and Hans Peterson, Doing Business under the Firm Name and Style of H. C. Peterson and Company, Respondents.

*Master and servant*— negligence — *Employers' Liability Act*— *order of superintendent.*

Appeal from a judgment entered in the Columbia cdunty clerk’s office February 13, 1911.

Judgment affirmed, with costs. All concurred, except Betts, J., dissenting in opinion.

Betts, J.

(dissenting): I dissent. This is an action under the Employers’ Liability Act. The plaintiff, a laborer, had been employed by the defendants through them superintendent, Theodore Crist, for about two and one-half days before the accident occurred by which the plaintiff was injured. The work was erecting a steam pipe line in a conduit. The pipe line consisted of eight-inch iron pipes from fourteen to sixteen feet long and this eight-inch pipe was placed on an iron roller which inclosed a short one-inch pipe and was held by iron stanchions; each pah- of these stanchions was about eight feet apart, two on each length of pipe. At the time in question the plaintiff with six other men had a somewhat shorter piece of pipe to raise and there was only one pah- of stanchions to place it on instead of the ordinary two pair. ' The usual manner had been to raise up one end upon one pah- of stanchions and shove it along upon another pair of stanchions past the end of the pipe they were going to couple to and pull it back on the other end piece of the other stanchion. Then the men would get the eight-inch pipe in then- arms and raise it up and adjust it to make the coupling on the eight-inch piece of pipe that was already in position. This they would do by inserting the end of the pipe into the coupling and make it fast by turning the thread) into the coupling by hand and then put on chain tongs and tighten it up. At the time or just before the accident there was only one pah- of stanchions instead of the usual two pahs of stanchions and the seven men engaged there were hesitating as to putting up this particular piece of eight-inch iron pipe, which was about fourteen feet long and heavy. Mr. Crist, the superintendent, came in and inquired, what was the matter and told the men who were considering how to put up the pipe laying on the floor to pick it up and shove it up into the coupling, that is, the coupling of the other pipe that was already erected. This they did in this way: The end with the thread on was shoved into the coupling of the pipe that was in position, then this long pipe they were raising ran diagonally out from this coupling to the single pan; of stanchions in which the one-inch iron pipe was (somewheres about four feet up from the floor) and resting on the one-inch iron pipe to the farther end of the pipe, that would have the coupling to receive the next piece of eight-inch pipe which, was lying on the floor. So we have this heavy four teen-foot length of iron pipe with the thread end just a little way in the coupling of "the pipe already erected and running downward" between the stanchions and until the other end rested on the floor. At *948this time apparently three men were on one end of the pipe that was on the floor and one man at the other end trying to hold it up in the coupling and the plaintiff was about the middle or near the stanchion, none of them doing anything. Plaintiff said'he could not see what the two other men were doing. Then Crist told the men at the end of the pipe that was on the floor to lift it up. When they did lift it up'it raised the iron pipe up from the short one-inch pipe on the stanchions a short distance, whereupon Crist, it is testified to, told plaintiff: ‘‘ Rogers, you take that [one-inch piece of pipe] out and put the roller on it and put it back in,” This was the inch-round piece of pipe .between the two stanchions where Rogers was standing, and the roller was to be placed on it so as to make it higher. This Rogers attempted to do. When the raising up of the farther end of the eight-inch pipe from the floor by the men there occurred it naturally caused the thread end of the pipe farthest from those men who were lifting to slip out of the coupling. Naturally and inevitably the farther they lifted up their-end the néarer the thread end would be to falling out of the coupling, and when they got their end raised up even or nearly even with the coupling it must of necessity fall. This is what did happen, and before Rogers was able to get the one-inch pipe out he got his hand caught between the falling eight-inch pipe and the one-inch pipe, and he received the injuries for which the action Was brought. Crist changed the usual procedure and plaintiff claims he was hurt by this change, and would not have been if they had pursued the ordinary way used prior to this accident. I have given these facts as the jury might have found them from the evidence had the question been submitted to theta as the evidence stood at the close of the plaintiff’s, ease when the nonsuit was granted. The questions then for the jury would be, was Rogers in the exercise of due eare.and diligence at the time, and if so, was the personal injury to him caused by reason of the “ negligence of any person in the service of the employer entrusted with and exercising superintendence whose sole or principal duty is that of superintendence.” The trial court held that. Crist was not exercising such superintendence. That decision is sought to be upheld here, upon the.authority of two eases. The first is *Carlsen*v. *McKee*(129 App. Div. 652), in which ease the workman, the servant, had procured a crowbar to turn over an iron beam; and was directed by his foreman to discard his bar and raise the beam by hand with the aid of fellow;servants. The servant, the plaintiff there, discarded the bar, raised the beam with the help of his fellow-servants, who let go their hold of the beam upon which. the plaintiff retained his hold, and his hand was hurt. All the Appellate Division held in that case was that the direction to discard the bar was not the proximate cause of the injury, but it was caused by.the fellow-servants letting go of the beam. The second case is *Ozogar*v. Pierce, *Butler*& *Pierce Manufacturing*Company, reported the last time in 134 Appellate Division, 800, The case had somewhat of a lengthy career, and was first reported in 55 Miscellaneous Reports, 579, where a nonsuit was set aside which was affirmed in 128 Appellate Division, 910. The judgment for the plaintiff recovered on the second trial was reversed in 134 Appellate Division, 800. The final decision was by a divided court, J ustiee *949Kruse writing a dissenting opinion, in which. .Justice Spring concurred. The final decision goes upon the same ground as *Carlsen*v. *McKee (supra).*that seven workmen were handling a casting, some of the men let go of the casting, and the plaintiff, who continued to hold onto it, was injured. There the plaintiff had heen employed by the defendant in a foundry for twelve years, and the accident happened in the foundry. It was there held that the plaintiff received his injuries because one or more of his 'fellow-workmen let go of the heavy iron flask that they were handling, the plaintiff did not, and the flask fell upon plaintiff’s hand. Those eases, while similar to each other, are not this case. There is no evidence here that this plaintiff received his injuries because his fellow-workmen let go of their hold upon this eight-inch pipe. So far as is disclosed by the evidence here the workmen apparently did as they were told by Crist, the superintendent, to do at that time. In *Guilmartin*v. *Solvay Process Company*(189 *N.*Y. 490) it is held that in that action, brought under the Employers’ Liability Act, the question is not whether the negligent act is a detail of the work, but whether it is a detail of the superintendent’s part of the work, or of that of the subordinate employees and servants, and that the question whether the plaintiff assumed the risk is answered by the provision of the statute, which enacts: “ The question whether the employee understood and assumed the risk of such injury, or was guilty .of contributory negligence, by his continuance in the same place and course of employment with knowledge of the risk of injury shall be one of fact, subject to the usual powers of the court in a proper case to set aside a verdict rendered contrary to the evidence. ” Two questions in that case were submitted to the jury: First, whether Müllin, who was the foreman, was aper-son whose sole or principal duty- was that of superintendence; *second,*whether it was negligent not to stop the machinery when the plaintiff was put at work to repair the injury to the belt and pulley, and the court held that the questions were properly submitted and the jury were authorized to find as they did, that the action of Mullin was an act of superintendence. In *Smith*v. *Milliken Brothers, Incorporated*(200 N. Y. 21), the question was whether a person who gave the order that caused the injury in that case was at the time performing acts of superintendence within the Employers’ Liability Act and it was held that a jury could have been permitted to say from the facts proved that the foreman was exercising such acts of superintendence. Applying these rules to this ease, I think, the question should have been submitted to the jury as to whether plaintiff was not injured by the negligent orders of Crist and whether Crist was not at the time a ‘ ‘ person in the service of ” the defendants “ entrusted with and exercising superintendence whose sole or principal duty” was “that of superintendence.” It appears from the plaintiff’s testimony here that all Crist was doing was directing the others what to do. I think the judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.