J

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NON

- PRECEDENTIAL DECISION

- SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

IN RE: D.A.R., A MINOR

APPEAL OF: M.A.S. FATHER :

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 61 MDA 2023

Appeal from the Decree Entered December 1 6 , 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Orphans' Court at No(s):

2022

- 0173a

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., McLAUGHLIN, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED: AUGUST 2, 2023

M.A.S. (Father) appeals from the decree , entered on December 16,

2022, that granted the petition filed by the York County Office of Children

Youth and Families ( CYF ) to involuntarily terminate his parental rights to his

son, D.A.R

. (Child) , born in July of 2021 . Following our review, we affirm the

decree o n appeal. 1

CYF filed a petition for involuntary termination of parental rights

pursuant to Sections 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b) of the Adoption Act , 23

Pa.C.S. §§ 2101

- 2938

. The orphans’ court’s Pa.R.A.P

. 1925(a) opinion

indicates that it adopt ed its opinion that was stated on the record at the end

of the termination of parental rights hearing

, h eld on December 1 4 , 2022 , and

December 16, 2022

. See Orphans’ Court Opinion ( O CO), 2/14/23 , at 1; N.T.

,

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

1 The parental rights of M.G.R. (Mother) were also terminated on the same

date ; however, Mother did not file an appeal.J

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- 2

-

12/16 /22, at 159

- 200

. The orphans’ court also indicate s that it took “ judicial

notice of the statements made in the amended motion fo r judicial notice that

was filed December 12, 2022 . That statement outlines the findings made in

the underlying dependency action and comports with the orders that were

entered as identified in that m otion .” O CO at 3 n.8 (citing N.T., 12/14/22, at

15). From the foregoing, we glean the following facts.

This matter began on July 16, 2021, shortly after Child was born. An

order for em ergency protective custody was issued and Child was placed in

foster care. Although at first Father questioned pate rnity, h e withdrew t his

claim and requested partial supervised visitation , which w as granted and over

time expanded, but with continued su pervision. Father was employed

,

working the third shift , which caused Father to fall asleep and not be attentive

to Child during visitation . Moreover, Father ’s home was found not to be

appropriate . Father was or dered to complete a parenting capacity

ass essment , continue participation in individual therapy, cooperate with

Catholic Charities, and continue to comply with supervised visitation. Child

was doing well in the foster home.

Following a permanency review in December of 2021, Father was found

to be moderately compliant with the permanency plan

. He continu ed to work

third shift and was scheduled for the parenting capacity assessment in January

of 2022. His goals were outlined as follows:

i. Father’s therapeutic goa ls to be addressed were (1) safe decision making, (2) responses to situation andJ

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- 3

- environment, and (3) assuring that Father’s relationships

are safe for himself and the minor child

.

ii. Father’s advocacy goals were (1) housing , (2) employment, (3) finances and budgeting, (4) transportati on , (5) parenting capacity, (6) assuring participation in the minor child’s appointments, and (7) domestic violence and anger management.

Amended Motion for Judicial Notice (AMJ N)

, 12/12/22, at 9. Although Father’s

progress was rated as moderate, “ there continue[d] to be some concerns

regarding the anger management services and the completion of the Parenting

Capacity A ss essment.” Id. In response to recommendations suggested to

Father, he attended individual counseling, but did not start couples counse ling

or anger management classes. Although Father did not attend Child’s Early

Intervention sessions, he did continue to visit with Child , which went well.

In a status review order issued by the trial court on March 18, 2022 , the

orphans’ court determined that Father was making moderate to significant

pro g ress with fully supervised visitation with Child

, which was moved to

Father’s home

. He continued t o work full time and could financially suppo rt

Child. He attended weekly counseling for anger management and domestic

violence , which “ was adjusted to accommodate Father’s borderline intellectual

functioning.” Id. at 13.

In the permanency review order issued on June 1, 2022, the orphans’

court found Father’s compliance to be only moderate. He remained employed

at Burger King

. In his home, Father k ept a large snake in the bedroom in

which Child would reside if reunified with Father . A lot of people reside d inJ

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-

Father’s home , including his significant other , who needed to complete a

parenting capacity addendum

, and Father was to contin u e visitation coaching,

parenting education , and bi

- weekly outpatient counseling. Father was

discharge d from anger management classes, had completed a parenting

capacity assessment , and was diagnosed with unspecified trauma

. I t was

determined that Father may be able to parent a child if he had support. It

was recommen d ed that F ather’s visits with Chil d transition to partial

supe rvision , but there was a need to continue placement o f Child outside the

care and custody of Father.

The findings and conclusions provided in the status review order, dated

September 12, 2022 , indicated that concerns remained as to Father’s

residence and that police were frequently called there due to dom estic

disputes. Father reported he had changed jobs but provided no

documentation

. Partial visitation with Child continued at Father’s home ;

however, when caseworkers made visits

, it was noted that broken glass was

found in the home which made the location unsafe for Child. It was also noted

that Father allowed his significant other to take Child to the store even though

she had a lengthy history with CYF . Concerns continued about Father’s

significant other and the neces sity to have frequent contact with the police.

Father was not in individual therapy as was recommended . As for Child, he

continue d to do well in the foster home and wa s bonded with his foster

parents

. Child continue d with Early Intervention , but Father ha d not attended

any of these appointments. It was also reported that Child experienced nightJ

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-

terrors after visits with Father . In light of these findings, the court determined

that “the current placem en t goal was not appropriate and/or feasible in that

neither parent ha [d] made significant progress toward[] reunification

. ” Id. a t

20. Therefore, the court changed the primary goal to adoption , but

reunification with Father was a concurrent goal.

The November 16, 2022 perman en cy review order provided that

Father’s compliance with the perman ency order was moderate

. Father

reported that he continued employment but provided no pay stubs or

verification to CYF . He also indicated that he would be moving from the house

he shared with his significa nt other

, but continued to remain in their home

despite the fact his significant other seem ed to perpetuate the conflicts

between her and Father

, and he took no steps to reduce the conflict . His

significant other reported that he hit her during one of Child’s visits

. Father

admit ted to arguments but denie d domestic violence. Therefore, visits with

Child returned to fully supervised. Father also missed a visit with Child and

declined a Zoom visit. He also d id not provide the necessary special brand o f

diapers and milk that Child require d due to acid reflux, eczema and rash es

from milk protein. Rather, the foster mother provide d these necessities

.

Father wa s attentive to Child during visits but d id not feed Child or parent him.

The court concluded t hat “Father made minimal progress toward alleviating

the circumstances which necessitated the original placement .” Id. at 23.

Additionally, i n the November order, the court discussed how well Child

was doing in the foster home . He was receiving weekly occupational therapyJ

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-

and was working on feeding and food aversions. Although given notice by the

foster mother, Father did not attend medical appointments or Early

Intervention sessions

. The court determined Child’s placement outside

Fat her’s custody continued to be needed. T hus, the court found that it was in

Child’s best interest to be free for adoption and that he could remain with the

only parents providing for his care.

As noted above, the hearing on the termination petition was held on

December 14 th and 16 th of 2022. CYF presented the testimony of a caseworker

involved in the matter and the foster mother. Father testified on his own

behalf. The court then issued its decree terminating Father’s parental rights

to Child pursuant to S ection 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) and (b) of the Adoption

Act

. Thereafter, Father filed a timely appeal to this Court, setting out the

following issues in his brief:

I. Whether the orphans’ court erred in terminating the parental rights of Father pursuant to [S] ection 2511(a)(1), (2), (5) and (8) of the Adoption Act?

a. The evidence did not support by clear and convincing evidence that Father had evidenced a settled purpos e of relinquishing parental claim to [C] hild or has refused or failed to perform parental duties.

b. The evidence did not support by clear and convincing

evidence that [C] hild was without parental care or control

or that the conditions which led to the ini tial placement would not or could not be remedied by Father.

c. There was not clear and convincing evidence that [F]ather could not or would not remedy the conditions which led to

the initial removal.J

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- 7

- d. There was not clear and convincing evidence that the

c onditions which led to the removal or placement of [C] hild continued to exist and termination of parental rights would

best serve the needs and welfare of [C] hild.

II. Whether the orphans’ court erred in concluding that termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and

welfare of

... C hild pursuant to [S] ection 2511(b) of the Adoption Act?

III. Whether the orphans’ court erred in concluding Father failed to meet many of his goals as Father was doing well until [] his visits were changed back to supervised visits due to “concerns” about domestic violence, which were never substantiated?

Father’s brief at 6

- 7. 2

Appellate review of termination of parental rights cases implicate [s] the following principles:

In cases involving termination of parental rights: “our standard of review is limited to determining whether the order of the trial court is supported by compe tent evidence, and whether the trial court gave adequate

consideration to the effect of such a decree on the

welfare of the child.”

In re I.J. , 972 A.2d 5, 8 (Pa. Super. 2009) (quoting In re S.D.T
., Jr. , 934 A.2d 703 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied

, ... 95 0 A.2d 270 ( [Pa.] 2008)).

Absent an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary support for the trial court’s decision, the decree must stand. ... We must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the record in order

to determine wheth er the trial court’s decision is supported by competent evidence.

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

2 Father listed a fourth iss ue, but in the Argument Section of his brief he

withdraw s that “ issue from th is Court’s consideration.” See Father’s brief at

36. Therefore, we do not include it in the list of issues raised.J

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- 8

-

In re B.L.W. , 843 A.2d 380, 383 (Pa. Super. 2004) ( en banc ), appeal denied

, ... 863 A.2d 1141 ( [Pa.] 2004) (internal citations omitted).

Furthermore, we note that the trial court, as the finder of fact, is the sole determiner of the credibility of witnesses and all conflicts in testimony are to be resolved by [the] finder of fact. The burden of proof is on the party seeking termination to establish by clear and convincing evidence the ex istence of grounds for doing so.

In re Adoption of A.C.H. , 803 A.2d 224, 228 (Pa. Super. 2002) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).

In re Z.P. , 994 A.2d 1108, 1115

- 16 ( Pa . Super. 2010).

We are guided further by the following: T erminat ion of parental rights

is governed by Section 2511 of the Adoption Act, which requires a bifurcated

analysis.

Our case law has made clear that under Section 2511, the court must engage in a bifurcated process prior to terminating parental rights. Initial ly, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court

determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the

needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests

of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis

concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child of permanently severing any such bond.

In re L.M. , 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citing 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511,

other citations omitted). The burden is upon the petitioner to prove by clear

and convincing evidence that the asserted grounds for seeking the termination

of parental rights are valid. R.N .J. , 985 A.2d 273, 276 (Pa. Super. 2009).J

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-

However, we need only agree with the trial court as to any one subsection of

Section 2511(a), as well as Section 2511(b), in order to affirm. In re B.L.W.

,

843 A.2d at 384.

We therefore consider the orphans’ court’s termination of Father’s

parental rights pursuant to S ection 2511(a)( 8 ) and (b), which provide:

(a) General Rule

. — The rights of a parent in regard to a child may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following grounds:

. . .
(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of removal or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child

c ontinue to exist and termination of parental rights

would best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

. . .
(b) Other considerations.

- The court in terminating the rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical a nd emotional needs and welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be beyond the control of the pa rent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant

to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the

filin g of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8 ), (b).

This Court has stated:

In order to terminate parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. [] § 2511(a)(8), the following factors must be demonstrated: (1) the

child has been removed from parental care for 12 months or more from the date of removal; (2) the conditions which led to theJ

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-

removal or placement of the child continue to exist; and (3)

termi nation of parental rights would best serve the needs and

welfare of the child.

In re Adoption of M.E.P.

, 825 A.2d 1266, 1275

- 76 (Pa. Super. 2003); see

also 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(8).

“ Section 2511(a)(8) sets a 12

- month time frame for a parent to remedy

the c onditions that led to the children ’ s removal by the court. ” In re A.R.

,

837 A.2d 560, 564 (Pa. Super. 2003). Once the twelve

- month period has

been established, the court must next determine whether the conditions that

led to the child ’ s removal continue to exist, despite the reasonable

, good faith

efforts of CYF supplied over a realistic period. Id. The “ relevant inquiry in

this regard is whether the conditions that led to removal have been remedied

and thus whether reunification o f parent and child is imminent at the time of

the hearing. ” In re I.J.

, 972 A.2d at 11. This Court has acknowledged:

[T]he application of Section (a)(8) may seem harsh when the parent has begun to make progress toward resolving the problems

that had led to removal of her children. By allowing for

termination when the conditions that led to removal continue to

exist after a year, the statute implicitly recognizes that a child ’ s life cannot be held in abeyance while the parent is unable to perform the actions necessary to assume parenting responsibilities. This Court cannot and will not subordinate indefinitely a child ’ s need for permanence and stability to a parent ’ s claims of progress and hope for the future.

In re J.F.M.

, 71 A.3d 989, 997 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting I .J.

, 972 A.2d at

11

- 12).

With respect to the “ needs and welfare ” analysis pertinent to section

2511(a)(8 ) and (b), we have observed:J

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[I]nitially, the focus in terminating parental rights is on the parent, under Section 2511(a), whereas the focus in Section 2511(b) is

on the child. However, Section 2511(a)(8) explicitly requires an evaluation of the “ needs and welfare of the child ” prior to proceeding to Section 2511(b), which focuses on the

“ developmental, physical and emotional needs and w elfare of the

child. ” Thus, the analysis under Section 2511(a)(8) accounts for

the needs of the child in addition to the behavior of the parent. Moreover, only if a court determines that the parent ’ s conduct

warrants termination of his or her parental ri ghts, pursuant to

Section 2511(a), does a court “ engage in the second part of the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the needs

and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests of the

child. ” Accordingly, while both Section 2511(a)(8) and Section 2511(b) direct us to evaluate the “ needs and welfare of the child, ”

we are required to resolve the analysis relative to Section 2511(a)(8), prior to addressing the “ needs and welfare ” of [the child], as proscribed by Section 2511(b) ; as such, they are distinct

in that we must address Section 2511(a) before reaching Section 2511(b).

In re Adoption of C.L.G.

, 956 A.2d 999, 1008

- 09 (Pa. Super. 2008) ( en

banc ) (citations omitted). “ Section 2511(a)(8) does not require an evaluation

of the remedial efforts of either the parent or [the Agency]

. ” In re B.C.

, 36

A.3d 601, 611 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citing C.L.G.

, 956 A.2d at 1007).

With respect to Section 2511(b), this Court has explained the requisite

analysis as follows:

Subsection 2511(b) focuses on whether termination of parental rights would best serve the developmental, physical, and

emotional needs and welfare of the child. In In re C.M.S.

, 884

A.2d 1284, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2005), this Co urt stated, “ Intangibles

such as love, comfort, security, and stability are involved in the inquiry into the needs and welfare of the child. ” In addition, we instructed that the trial court must also discern the nature and

status of the parent

- child bond, with utmost attention to the effect

on the child of permanently severing that bond. However, in cases where there is no evidence of a bond between a parent and child,

it is reasonable to infer that no bond exists. In re K.Z.S.

, 946

A.2d 753, 762

- 63 (Pa. Super. 2008). Accordingly, the extent ofJ

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-

the bond

- effect analysis necessarily depends on the

circumstances of the particular case. Id. at 7 63.

In re Adoption of J.M.

, 991 A.2d 321, 324 (Pa. Super. 2010).

The thrust of Father ’s argument relating to subsection (a)(8) is that CYF

did not carry its burden. A lthough Father concedes that the 12

- month period

required in subsection (a)(8) ha s elapsed, he “ does not concede that the

conditions which led to the removal of [C] hild continue to exist or could not

be remedied promptly.” Father’s brief at 28. He asserts that the initial

concerns were with Mother and that he made progress during much of the

case and his visits with Child became partially supervised visits in his home.

Father also poin ts out that he maintained employm ent and stable housing

.

Additionally, he asserts th at he “ complied with the Agency’s request for a

Parenting Capacity Assessmen t [] and engaged in counseling and anger

management counseling.” Id. at 29. He further relies on the Parenting

Capacity Assessment that showed he could raise Child with support. He also

argues that the record did not support the court ’s conclu sions that the re were

domestic violence concerns

. With regard to subsection (b), Father asserts

that the bond between him and Child is limited because of the amount of time

he spends with Child. He also contends that he is ready to have Child in his

home and that he “ has extended family in the area that would be supportive

and would love to see [C]hild.” Id. at 32.

The orphans’ court respon d e d to Father’s arguments set forth in his first

and second issues , specifically, those relating to subsections (a)(8) and (b) as

follows:J

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- The [c] ourt has noted that [Father] had some instances of progress in remedying the conditions that initially caused placement. However, these instances were only brief windows of

time in which [Father] showed minimal motivation to full y remedy

those conditions to achieve reunification. Brief instances of improvement do not negate that the second element of this f actor
is satisfied. Though an unpublished opinion, we find compelling a Superior Court decision that affirmed a trial court ’ s finding regarding similar conduct by a parent when it terminated the parental rights of a mother under § 2511( a )(8), when the mother made inconsistent and sporadic progress towards remedying the conditions that led to the initial removal only to subseque ntly rescind on that progress each time. As the court so aptly stated:

It was proper for the trial court to conclude that

Mother has exhibited a pattern of poor judgment and bad decision making, and that she failed to correct that pattern.

In the Intere st of J. M. K

. , 159 A.3d 44 (Pa. Super.

... 2016) ( [u] npublished). [ 3 ]

Similarly, although [F ather] achieved some progress toward addressing the conditions that led to [C] hild ’ s removal, the second

element of this factor is still satisfied, as he shows a clear pattern of poor judgment and bad decision [

- ] making which resulted in

conditions re

- emerging and leaving [C] hild to languish in care. For example, [Father] would appropriately cha n ge [h] is work schedule, but changed it back. [Father] progressed to p artially unsupervised custody, but then required full supe r vision. [Father] picked which treatment and programs he wanted to participate in, but refused to entertain most attempts to assist him.

Specifically, [Father] did not adequately or consistently

a ddress his housing or his employment issues, which were the

issues that le [] d to the initial removal. He found suitable housing, but quickly returned to unsuitable h ousin g

. He switched to work a shift that would permit basic childcare, and then returned to working 3 rd shift without developing any plan for supervision of [C] hild by a competent adult while he was at work. Over the

course of sixteen (16) months, [Father] made arbitrary and poor

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

3 We remind the orphans’ court that only unpublished non

- precedential memorandum decisions of the Superior Court filed after May 1, 2019 may be cited for their persuasive value

. See Pa.R.A.P. 126(b).J

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-

decisions on what resources he did and did not feel li ke utilizing. He made poor judgment about what constituted proper housing or working hours that would allow for basic c hildcare. At one point, h e even declined the Agency ’ s offer of bus passes to help with transportation to [C] hild ’ s medical appointments

. Although

we need not consider the parent ’ s ability or willingness to remedy

these conditions under this subsection, [Father] showed through

his inconsistencies that he had the potential to remedy the

conditions when he felt inclined, but would do so

... o nly for short periods of time.

Like the Superior Court ’ s findings in In the [I] nterest of

J.M

. K. , the record reflects that [Father] had a pattern of poor judgment and bad decision [

- ] making that he f ailed to correct. The trial court submits that this is enough to satis f y § 2511(a)(8).

[Father’s] statem e nt also contends that the [orphans’] court
erred in concluding that the third prong of the § 2511(a)(8) analysis was satisfied, and that termination of parental rights

would not best serve the needs and welfare of [C] hild pursuant to § 2511(b) of the Adoption Act.

The [orphans’] court submits that it found termination would

best serve the needs and welfare of [C] hild based on clear and convincing evidence presented by the [ A gency]

. I n addition to the daily needs being met exclusively in the foster home, [C] hild has required specialized care for his multiple health issues. 13 The foster parents provided most, if not all, of the required supplies

for these issues for nea rly [C] hild ’ s entire life. The foster parents

also ensured that the [C] hild attended ongoing medical appointments and followed treatment plans. [Father] was not able to consistently provide for [C] hild ’ s basic and special needs, even with coaching and no tice, at any time leading to the filing o f the petition. [Father] did not ask about [C] hild ’ s progress in physical therapy or for any updates on [C] hild. [Father ’s ] inability to provide consistent c are would be particularly harmful to a child

with ongoing medical issues w ho requires a parent who can perform tasks such as timely administer [ing] [C] hild ’ s medication

and ensur [ing] [C] hild attends his scheduled appointments.

13 [C] hild ’ s health concerns include reoccurring eczema diaper rashes, muscl e issues in his neck, eye [] tracking issues, food aversion, lactose intolerance, and other gastrointestinal issues that require special diapers and

formula.J

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- 15

- Furthermore, the Superior Court has held that common

sense dictates that when courts consider ter mination, they must additionally consider whether the child is in a pre

- adoptive home,

and whether the child has a bond with their foster parents. In r e
T.S.M. , 71 A.3d 251, 267

- 69 (Pa

. Super. 2013). The record

sho w s that [C] hild has bonded with his foster parents, and that

his foster parents provide for his emotional needs as well. Again, [C] hild ’ s foster parents were his caretakers for nearly his entire

life. Foster mother testified that [C] hild refers to his foster
parents as “ mom ” and “ dad ” , respectively

. There was no indication the C hild had bonded with [Father] , and it was reported [C] hild experienced night terrors after visiting with him. [Father] acknowledged in his own testi m ony that [C] hild does not refer to

him as “ d ada ”

. [Father] also acknowledge [ d ] [C] hild has little to

no interest in i n teracting with hi m during visits, and that there is

no bond between them. In light o f the se facts and [Father’s] own admissions, [ C ] hild would suffer no long

- ter m harm from severing

his contact with [Father] , because there is little to no bond to

sever. Therefore, the trial court submits that termination of parental rights best serves the needs and welfare of [C] hild.

O CO at 5

- 10 (footnotes citing pages in the N. T. omitted).

Based upon the facts found by the orphans’ court , which our review

reveals are supported by the evidence of record, we discern no abuse of

discretion by the court in its conclusion that the asserted grounds for seeking

termination of parenta l rights are valid and , additionally

, that terminating

Father’s parental rights would best serve the developmental, physical and

emotional needs and welfare of Child. 4

Th e entire thrust of Father’s third issue is essentially a restatement of

the facts t hat were found in his favor and his contention that some of the

court’s findings were not substantiated by the evidence

. Again, we are

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

4 We further o b serve that the a ttorney representing Child joined CYF ’s brief

that was in suppo rt of the orphans’ court’s decision to terminate Father’s parental rights.J

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-

compelled to disagree with Father’s argument. Rather, the court’s extensi ve

review and discussion is supported by the record. Moreover, as noted earlier,

the orphans’ court is the sole finder of fact and the determiner of credibi li ty of

the witnesses. See In re Z.P.

, 994 A.2d at 1116. We, therefore, conclude

that the court did not abuse its discreti on or commit reversible error in

terminating Father’s parental rights

. Accordingly, we affirm the decree from

which Father appealed.

Decree affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 8/2 /2023