# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Bern ard Man ue l

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Weste rn Dis tri ct of M is so ur i - Kan sa s C it y

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Nov em

be r 21 , 20 13 Fil ed : Dec em

be r 19 , 20 13 [Un pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re BENTON, BEAM, an d S HEPHERD, Circ ui t J ud ge s.

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PER CURI AM.

Bern ard Man ue l ent ered a co nd it io na l pl ea of gu il ty on th e ch arg e of fel on in
po ss es si on of a fir earm in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. §§ 92 2( g) (1 ) an d 92 4( a)(2 ),pr es erv in g hi s rig ht to ap pe al th e d i s t r i c t co ur t's ad ve rs e su pp res si on ru li ng

. The 1
di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced Man ue l to ni ne ty-si x m on th s' im pr is on m en t an d th ree y ears '

su pe rv is ed rel eas e. Man ue l ap pe al s.

I n h is m ot io n to su pp res s an d on ap pe al
, Man ue l co nt en ds th at th e of fi c e r s la ck ed reas on ab le su sp ic io n to jus ti fy an in ve st ig at or y st op , an d th at th ey co nd uc te d

an il le ga l se arch of hi s co at , whi ch Man ue l set on th e ba lc on y be hi nd hi m be fo re he la id do wn on hi s st om ach in acco rd an ce wit h th e of fic er's or de r. All of th is oc cu rred aft er rep eat ed req ue st s by th e of fic ers to rem ov e hi s ha nd s fro m hi s co at po ck et

. The

m ag is tra te jud ge m ad e pr eci se an d co m pl et e fin di ng s of fact
, whi ch we ha ve care fu ll y

rev ie wed an d fin d free fro m cl ea r erro r. Uni te d St at es v. Crai g, 63 0 F.3 d 71 7, 72 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ). W e rev ie w de n o v o th e ul ti m at e qu es ti on of whe th er th e Fo ur th
Am en dm en t ha s be en vi ol at ed

. Id

. Here, th e di st ric t co ur t id en ti fie d se ve ral fact or s

an d co nc lu de d, ba se d on th e to ta li ty of th e ci rcu m st an ces , th at th es e fact or s su pp or te d

a fin di ng of reas on ab le su sp ic io n. W e ag ree th at Man ue l was leg al ly de ta in ed

. W e li ke wis e reject Man ue l ' s a ss ert io n th at th e di st ric t co ur t erre d in fin di ng Man ue l ab an do ne d hi s jack et or th at , al te rn at iv el y , th e se arch wou ld st il l be pe rm it te d un de r th e in ev it ab le di sc ov ery do ct rin e. Acco rd in gl y , we affi rm fo r th e reas on s st at ed in th e

m ag is tra te jud ge 's t h o r ou gh an d well -rea so ne d rep or t an d reco m m en da ti on , whi ch

was ad op te d b y

th e d is tri ct co ur t. See 8t h C ir. R . 47 B.

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The Hon or ab le Greg Kay s, Uni te d St at es Dis tr i c t Ju dg e fo r th e W es te rn 1 Dis tri ct of Mi ss ou ri, ad op ti ng th e rep or t an d reco m m en da t i o n o f th e Hon or ab le Ro be rt E. Lar se n, Ch ie f Uni te d St at es Mag is tra te J u d g e f o r th e W es te rn Dis tri ct of Mi ss ou ri.

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