[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 13-15031

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 2:12-cr-00035-WCO-JCF-2

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

DANIEL AGUILAR-GONZALEZ,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

________________________

(July 10, 2014)

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 1 of 7 
2

Before HULL, WILSON and FAY, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

After a jury trial, Daniel Aguilar-Gonzalez appeals his convictions for 

conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute a controlled substance, namely 

methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a), and 

841(b)(1)(A)(viii); and possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance, 

in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a), (b)(1)(A)(viii). On appeal, Aguilar-Gonzalez 

contends the trial evidence was insufficient to support his convictions because the 

government failed to prove he was a knowing participant in the methamphetamine 

sale. After review, we affirm.1

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

To convict a defendant of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute a 

controlled substance, the government must prove (1) an illegal agreement existed, 

(2) the defendant knew of the illegal agreement, and (3) “the defendant, with 

knowledge, voluntarily joined it.” United States v. Hernandez, 433 F.3d 1328, 

1333 (11th Cir. 2005) (quotation marks omitted). To prove the underlying 

possession offense, the government must prove the defendant’s (1) knowledge, (2) 

 

1

We review de novo the sufficiency of the evidence presented in a criminal trial. United 

States v. Dominguez, 661 F.3d 1051, 1061 (11th Cir. 2011). “Evidence is sufficient to support a 

conviction if a reasonable trier of fact could find that the evidence established guilt beyond a 

reasonable doubt.” Id. (quotation marks and brackets omitted). In conducting our review, “we 

“view[ ] the evidence in the light most favorable to the government,” and “assume that the jury 

made all credibility choices in support of the verdict.” Id. (quotation marks omitted).

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 2 of 7 
3

possession, and (3) intent to distribute. United States v. Mercer, 541 F.3d 1070, 

1076 (11th Cir. 2008). For both offenses, the knowledge element may be proven 

by circumstantial evidence. See United States v. Garcia, 405 F.3d 1260, 1270 

(11th Cir. 2005). While a defendant’s presence at a drug deal alone is insufficient 

to prove knowledge, it is a probative factor the jury may consider. See Hernandez, 

433 F.3d at 1333; United States v. Diaz-Boyzo, 432 F.3d 1264, 1269-70 (11th Cir. 

2012).

II. SUFFICIENCY OF THE TRIAL EVIDENCE

At trial, the government presented ample evidence from which the jury 

could find that Aguilar-Gonzalez knowingly participated in the drug conspiracy 

and knowingly possessed the drugs. The government presented evidence that 

Aguilar Gonzalez delivered a bag containing seven Tupperware containers of 

methamphetamine to an arranged drug deal between his co-defendant, Exequiel 

Elorza-Barrera, and a confidential informant.

Specifically, co-defendant Elorza-Barrera testified that a drug dealer named 

Roberto Moreno instructed him to go to the airport and pick up Defendant AguilarGonzalez, who worked for Moreno as a driver. Moreno sent Defendant AguilarGonzalez to drive the drugs to the sale and ensure that Moreno was paid. 

According to Elorza-Barrera: (1) the night before the arranged drug deal, he and 

Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez opened the Tupperware containers, checked the 

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 3 of 7 
4

methamphetamine, and then wrapped the containers in plastic wrap; (2) the next 

day, Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez placed the bag containing the methamphetamine 

in a blue truck; and (3) Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez drove the blue truck to a store 

to meet the confidential informant, while his co-defendant Elorza-Barrera drove a 

separate vehicle.

The confidential informant testified that, at the store, co-defendant ElorzaBarrera introduced Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez as the “chauffeur” who would be 

“helping with the driving.” In Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez’s presence, ElorzaBarrera told the confidential informant that “it,” meaning the methamphetamine, 

was in the blue truck. Co-defendant Elorza-Barrera rode in the confidential 

informant’s car to a nearby storage unit to conduct the transaction. Defendant 

Aguilar-Gonzalez followed in the blue truck with the drugs. Law enforcement 

conducted surveillance, observed the initial meeting at the store, and followed the 

two vehicles to the storage unit.

The confidential informant testified that, when the three men arrived at the 

storage unit, Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez, without any instructions or questions, 

grabbed the bag of methamphetamine from the blue truck and tried to hand it to the 

confidential informant. The confidential informant could see the Tupperware 

containers of drugs inside the bag, and told Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez to put the 

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 4 of 7 
5

bag down while he found the people who would pay for the drugs. At that point, 

Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez and his co-defendant Elorza-Barrera were arrested.

At the time, the storage unit was under surveillance by law enforcement, and 

the events in the storage unit were recorded on video. The video recording was 

played for the jury. The government presented evidence of two cell phones found 

on Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez, which showed that both co-defendant ElorzaBarrera and the drug dealer Moreno were stored as contacts in one of Defendant 

Aguilar-Gonzalez’s cell phones and that Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez had multiple 

phone calls with them prior to the drug deal. Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez also 

exchanged multiple texts with Moreno, some relating to the planning of the drug 

deal, such as who would pick up the blue truck’s title and whether the drugs had 

arrived. The government also presented evidence that Defendant AguilarGonzalez’s fingerprint was found on the bag holding the methamphetamine, but 

that no fingerprints at all were found on the Tupperware containers.

This evidence established much more than Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez’s 

presence at a drug deal. In fact, co-defendant Elorza-Barrera’s testimony about 

Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez’s role in the drug deal, alone, was sufficient to 

establish Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez’s knowledge. See Garcia, 405 F.3d at 1270 

(“[U]ncorroborated testimony of an accomplice may be enough to support a 

conviction if the testimony is not on its face incredible or otherwise 

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 5 of 7 
6

insubstantial.”). Although Aguilar-Gonzalez suggests co-defendant ElorzaBarrera’s testimony was not credible, we must accept it as it was not contrary to 

the laws of nature or incredible on its face. See United States v. Ramirez-Chilel, 

289 F.3d 744, 749 (11th Cir. 2002). Contrary to Aguilar-Gonzalez’s contention, it 

was not necessary for co-defendant Elorza-Barrera to testify that he discussed with 

Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez that the substance inside the Tupperware containers 

was methamphetamine for the government to carry its burden because knowledge 

can be proven by circumstantial evidence. Given the totality of the circumstances 

co-defendant Elorza-Barrera described, a jury could have reasonably inferred that 

Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez knew he and Elorza-Barrera were handling a 

controlled substance and were involved in a drug deal.

Further, co-defendant Elorza-Barrera’s testimony was corroborated by other 

evidence suggesting that Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez was a knowing participant, 

including: (1) the testimony of the confidential informant and the video recording, 

showing that Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez was the “driver” of the drugs and knew 

that the drugs he was carrying were intended for the confidential informant; (2) the 

fingerprint evidence showing that Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez handled the bag 

containing the drugs; and (3) the cell phone records showing that Defendant 

Aguilar-Gonzalez had been in frequent contact with other members of the drug

conspiracy in the days leading up to the drug deal. Based on all the evidence, the 

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 6 of 7 
7

jury reasonably found that Defendant Aguilar-Gonzalez knew a controlled 

substance was inside the Tupperware containers and knew he was participating in a 

drug deal.

AFFIRMED.

Case: 13-15031 Date Filed: 07/10/2014 Page: 7 of 7